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3
H5N1 ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
[ "์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ", "์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์นœํ™”๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ", "๋ผ์ง€์˜ ๋…์„ฑ ๊ฐ์†Œ", "์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ „์†ก" ]
0
H1N1์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ˆํ”ผ๊ทธ์—์„œ H5N1์˜ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์œ ์ „์ž", "ํ—ค๋งˆ๊ธ€๋ฃจํ‹ฐ๋‹Œ๊ณผ ํ•ต๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ", "์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ", "์‹œ์•Œ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋‰ด๋ผ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค์ œ" ]
2
E. coli์—์„œ ์ดํ™ฉํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋…์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ธํฌ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "ํ‘œ์  ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ ‘ํž˜ ๋ฐ ์ดํ™ฉํ™” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์„ธํฌ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์œจ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ" ]
1
๋™๋ฌผ ๋… ๋…์†Œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณค์ถฉ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์žฅ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ฒˆ์—ญ ํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ", "๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋…์†Œ ์ ‘ํž˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒคํŽ˜๋ก ์˜ ์กด์žฌ", "์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ", "ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ๋น„์šฉ" ]
1
SFV ๊ฐ์—ผ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋‹ค ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ™์ฃผ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์žฌํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
3
SFV์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "Hyperrecombinogenic ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ", "์„ธํฌ DNA ๋ณต๊ตฌ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ", "์„ธํฌ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์œจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ" ]
0
๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ฃผ XY-I-SceIVV์—์„œ I-SceI ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์„ฑ ํฌ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์˜ ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค", "์ˆ™์ฃผ์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค." ]
2
๋™๋ฌผ ๋…๋… ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ˆ™์ฃผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ œํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ", "์ˆ™์ฃผ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ€์šฉ์„ฑ", "๋…์†Œ ์„œ์—ด ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ", "๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„" ]
3
๋™๋ฌผ ๋… ๋…์†Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์ด์ข… ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”", "์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋‹ค", "์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ˆœ๋„์™€ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์œจ", "์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ" ]
2
์ƒ๋™ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‚˜์š”?
[ "์ƒ๋™ ์„œ์—ด์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์ƒ๋™์„ฑ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์งง์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์ƒ๋™ ์˜์—ญ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํšจ์œจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์ƒ๋™์„ฑ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํšจ์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
0
๋ณต์ œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ฐ„ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์—๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ˆ™์ฃผ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์œ ํ˜• ๊ฐ„ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋…์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
2
HSV-1 ๊ท ์ฃผ KOS 152kb ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” 11๊ฐœ ๋‹จํŽธ์„ ํด๋กœ๋‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด CRISPR-Cas9 ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•", "์„ธ๊ท ์ธ๊ณต์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด(BAC) ๋ณต์ œ", "์ƒ๋™์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ", "๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ(TAR) ํด๋กœ๋‹" ]
3
HSV-1 ๊ท ์ฃผ KOSYA๊ฐ€ ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• KOS์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ", "YCp/BAC ์„œ์—ด์˜ ์กด์žฌ", "GC ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€" ]
2
BAC ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ณต์ œ", "๋” ๋†’์€ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํšจ์œจ", "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ถ•", "๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ" ]
2
ํ—ค๋ฅดํŽ˜์Šค๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€ํ˜• DNA ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์ˆ™์ฃผ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ณต์ œ ๋™์—ญํ•™", "ํ‘œ์  ์™ธ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐ์†Œ", "๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฐ ํฌ์žฅ", "์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ" ]
3
Oldfield ๋“ฑ(2017)์€ ํ˜•๊ด‘ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ VP16์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์ƒ๋™์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ", "์†”๋ผ๋ Œ ๋ถˆํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "ํšจ๋ชจ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ", "์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด CRISPR-Cas9 ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•" ]
3
ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด HSV-1์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์„ ์œ„ํ•œ "๋ณ€ํ˜•์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹"์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์กฐ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€", "์กฐ์ž‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€", "์กฐ์ž‘๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ" ]
3
๋™๋ฌผ ๋… ๋…์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "O-๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‹คํ™”", "N-๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‹คํ™”", "์—์ด์•ค์”จ", "์ดํ™ฉํ™” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ" ]
2
๋™๋ฌผ ๋… ๋…์†Œ์˜ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”", "์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์กฐ์ ˆ", "๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํด๋”ฉ ์ด‰์ง„", "์„ธํฌ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ" ]
0
ํƒˆ๋‹นํ™” ์‹œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋…์†Œ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "Aspergillus flavus์˜ ์•„ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ก์‹ ", "Fusarium์˜ T-2 ๋งˆ์ด์ฝ”ํ†ก์‹ ", "๋ง๋ ˆ์ด๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด๋ฑ€์˜ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ๋กœ๋„์Šคํ†ก์‹ ", "Clostridum botulinum์˜ ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ” ๋…์†Œ E" ]
2
๋ฐฑ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค(VAC) ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ†ตํ•ฉ, ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํšจ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค DNA๊ฐ€ ์ˆ™์ฃผ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด์— ์‚ฝ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ", "๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ, ๋ฆฌ๋ณด์†œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ mRNA ์ฃผํ˜•์—์„œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •", "์ „์‚ฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”, ํŠน์ • DNA ์„œ์—ด์—์„œ RNA ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•œ RNA ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘", "์ •ํ™•ํ•œ DNA ๊ตํ™˜์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์œ ์ „๊ณตํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ ์ƒ๋™์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ" ]
3
๋ฐฑ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค(VAC) ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ์ •์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "3~5", "ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋‘˜", "6~8", "์—†์Œ" ]
0
๋ฐ”์ฟจ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ—ค๋ฅดํŽ˜์Šค๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ํฐ DNA ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ธ๊ณต ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด(BAC)๋กœ ํด๋กœ๋‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋ฏธ๋“œ ์„œ์—ด์˜ ์‚ฝ์ž…", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค DNA๋ฅผ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์„ธํฌ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ฃผ์ž…", "ํ˜•์งˆ๋„์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉ", "์ „๊ธฐ์ฒœ๊ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค DNA๋ฅผ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋„์ž…" ]
0
๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ด‰์ž…์ฒด์—์„œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋…์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[ "๋ด‰์ž…์ฒด์˜ ๋…์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋ด‰์ž…์ฒด์—๋Š” ์ •์ œ ์—†์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋ด‰์ž…์ฒด๋Š” ๋ณ€์„ฑ์ œ ์—†์ด๋„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์šฉํ•ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์ž˜๋ชป ์ ‘ํžŒ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์ƒ์ฒด ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ์ ‘ํž˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
3
๋ฐฑ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์—ฐ์‡„์ฒด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ „๋žต์ด ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด loxP ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ", "๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ loxP ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๋ณต์ œ", "loxP ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋ณต์ œ", "๋จธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ž์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก loxP ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
3
VAC-BAC ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ miniF BAC ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋ฏธ๋“œ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋Œ€์žฅ๊ท ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๋ณต์ œ์™€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ณต์ œ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ท ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด", "๋Œ€์žฅ๊ท  ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Šค์บํด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ฆํญ๊ณผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋Œ€์žฅ๊ท ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์˜ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šด๋ฐ˜์ฒด ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ž„์‹œ ์ €์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
1
VAC-BAC๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ™•์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์–ด๋œ ์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ(์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ)์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค DNA๋ฅผ ์ˆ™์ฃผ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ˆ™์ฃผ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ณต์ œ ๋ฐ ์ „์‚ฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ œ๊ณต" ]
3
์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐค์ƒˆ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์ค‘์— VAC-BAC ํด๋ก ์˜ DNA ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๊ฒ” ์ „๊ธฐ์˜๋™", "PCR ์ฆํญ", "์ œํ•œ ํšจ์†Œ ์†Œํ™”", "์„œ๋˜ ๋ธ”๋กœํŒ…" ]
2
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ์‡„์ฒด์˜ ์ถ•์ ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐฑ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "TS21", "WR", "HP1.440", "HP1.441" ]
0
VAC-BAC์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "ELISA ๋ถ„์„", "ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ๋ถ„์„", "์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กœํŒ…", "PCR ์ฆํญ" ]
1
์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ์ˆ™์ฃผ ์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ A์ข… ๋กœํƒ€๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "VP6", "VP1", "VP8* ๋ ‰ํ‹ด ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ", "NSP3" ]
2
RNA ์˜์กด์„ฑ RNA ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์‚ฌ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ Specia A Rotavirus์˜ 11๊ฐœ mRNA ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์กด๋œ ๋ง๋‹จ ์„œ์—ด์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "5'-CGCGTTA", "5'-TTAACCG", "3'-ACGTGTA", "3'-UGUGACC" ]
3
์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด A์ข… ๋กœํƒ€๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค mRNA์˜ ๋ณด์กด๋œ 3'-UGUGACC ์„œ์—ด๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฆฌ๋ณด์†œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์—์„œ ํด๋ฆฌ-A ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "VP5", "VP1", "VP7", "NSP3" ]
3
์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ A์ข… ๋กœํ† ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๋ถ„์ž ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ€์กฑ", "์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋ถ€์กฑ", "์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ", "์—ญ์œ ์ „ํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ" ]
3
์œ ์ธ์› RV ๊ณ„ํ†ต SA11์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋ฏธ๋“œ ์ „์šฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์—ญ์œ ์ „ํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "Smithet al. (2013)", "Kanaiet al. (2017)", "Johnsonet al. (2021)", "Thompsonet al. (2011)" ]
1
A์ข… โ€‹โ€‹๋กœํƒ€๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์‘ ๋ฉด์—ญ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ‘œ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "VP1", "VP2", "VP4", "VP7" ]
2
์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์˜ ์›์ธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ SARS-CoV-2์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ์›์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํ•ญ์›์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ", "๋ด‰ํˆฌ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ", "๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜ค์บก์‹œ๋“œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ", "์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ" ]
3
SARS-CoV-2 ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ ์—ํ”ผํ† ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•œ ์†Œ ๋กœํƒ€๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "NSP3", "VP8", "VP7", "VP6" ]
0
SA11 VP4์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด A์ข… ๋กœํƒ€๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‚˜์š”?
[ "์œตํ•ฉ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ์˜์—ญ", "์ดˆ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ์˜์—ญ", "๋ง‰ํšก๋‹จ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ", "๋ณด์กด์ง€์—ญ" ]
1
A์ข… โ€‹โ€‹๋กœํƒ€๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค VP4 ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ท ์ผ์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "VP6 ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ", "ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ VP5* ํ’‹ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ํ™œ๋™", "VP4์˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ „ํ™˜", "VP7 ํ•˜์œ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ" ]
2
๋ฐฑ์‹  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์†Œ ๋กœํƒ€๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฐฑ๋ณธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
[ "์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ", "ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„", "๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฉด์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๊ฐ์†Œ", "๋” ๋†’์€ ๋ณต์ œ ๋™์—ญํ•™" ]
2
SA11 VP4๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์—ญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ", "์œ ์ „์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ", "์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์›์„ฑ", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ง„์ž… ์žฅ์• " ]
2
์—ญ์œ ์ „ํ•™์„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์˜คํŒŒ์ง€ Q๋ฒ ํƒ€", "ํ™ฉ์—ด๋ณ‘ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค" ]
0
ํŠนํžˆ ์—ญ์œ ์ „ํ•™์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์˜คํŒŒ์ง€ ํ๋ฒ ํƒ€์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
[ "RNA ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์กด์žฌ", "์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  A์™€ T ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณต์ œ๋œ DNA ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ", "๋Œ€์žฅ๊ท  ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ณต์ œ์œจ", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์˜ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ธธ์ด" ]
1
๋ณต์ œ๋œ DNA์—์„œ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ RNA ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์€ ๋ฉ”์‹ ์ € RNA๋งŒํผ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์ตœ์†Œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋‹จ์œ„๋Š” RNA๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ", "์ „์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ณต์ œ๋Š” DNA ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์€ ๋ฉ”์‹ ์ € RNA๋กœ์„œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
0
์—ญ์œ ์ „ํ•™ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ, ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ—ฌํผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—ด์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ญ์„ ๋ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "ํ™ฉ์—ด๋ณ‘ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค" ]
0
ํ—ฌํผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์—†์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ DNA๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ตฌ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ฎ์ธ RNA ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ˆ™์ฃผ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋„์ž…", "์•ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ RNA ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋ฏธ๋“œ์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ํ˜•์งˆ๊ฐ์—ผ", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด์˜ ์บก์Šํ™”", "RNA ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์บก์Šํ™”๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ˆ™์ฃผ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋„์ž…" ]
1
์–‘์„ฑ ๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ RNA ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์œ ์ „ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‹จ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋„์ž…๋œ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์„œ์—ด์˜ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋„์ž…๋œ ์„œ์—ด์˜ ์ผ์‹œ์„ฑ", "๋„์ž…๋œ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์„œ์—ด์˜ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋„์ž…๋œ ์„œ์—ด์˜ ๋†’์€ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ", "๋„์ž…๋œ ์„œ์—ด์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ณต์ œ์œจ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์บก์‹œ๋“œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ œ์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋„์ž…๋œ ์„œ์—ด์˜ ์ƒ์กด" ]
0
๋ณต์ œ๋œ DNA์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋˜์–ด ์—ญ์„ ํƒ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "ํ™ฉ์—ด๋ณ‘ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค" ]
0
๋ชจ๋…ธ๋„ค๊ฐ€๋น„๋ž„๋ ˆ์Šค(Mononegavirales)๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋น„๋ฆฌ์˜จ์€ ํ•ต์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ ๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "VSV ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ", "MVA-T7 ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ถœ", "vTF7-3 ํ—ฌํผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ถœ", "์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ํ˜•์งˆ๊ฐ์—ผ" ]
1
MVA-T7 ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๊ตฌ์ถœ๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "์†Œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค" ]
2
์—ญ์œ ์ „ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋ฐฑ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์œ ๋ž˜ ํ—ฌํผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‹จ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋†’์€ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋น„์œจ", "ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ณต์ œ", "์ž์† ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ", "๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ" ]
0
ํ™์—ญ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ญ์› ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋ฏธ๋“œ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "SLAM ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ํฌํ•จ", "CMV ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ", "T7 ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ", "ํ—ฌํผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ œ๊ฑฐ" ]
1
์—ญ์œ ์ „ํ•™์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ํ™์—ญ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ F ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ 5' UTR์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ „ํŒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”", "๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ", "ํ‘œ์  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ณต์ œ ์ด‰์ง„", "์„ธํฌ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€" ]
0
ํ™์—ญ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ P ์œ ์ „์ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” C ํŒ๋… ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์˜ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "Vero ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ „ํŒŒ", "์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜๋ก  ๊ฒฐํ• ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ณต์ œ ์žฅ์• ", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์—ญ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€", "ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์ „์‚ฌ/๋ณต์ œ" ]
0
์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜๋ก  ๊ฒฐํ• ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํ™์—ญ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ ˆ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "N ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ", "C ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ", "V ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ", "F ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ" ]
2
์•ผ์ƒํ˜• ํ™์—ญ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ H ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ผ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ๋Œ€์ฒด N481Y์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "CD46 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ํ™œ์šฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด", "๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ์œตํ•ฉ์ฒด ํ˜•์„ฑ", "ํ ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ณต์ œ ์žฅ์• ", "ํ•ญ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€" ]
0
๋ธŒ๋ ˆ๋ฒ ํ†ก์‹  ๋…ธ์ถœ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ", "ํก์ž…", "ํ”ผ๋ถ€", "์œ„์— ํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌํ•ญ ์—†์Œ" ]
0
๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ ๋งˆ๋น„์„ฑํŒจ๋…(PSP)์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์ƒ‰์‹œํ†ก์‹ ", "๊ณ ๋ƒ์šฐํ†ก์‹ ", "ํ”„๋กœํ† ๊ณ ๋ƒ๋…์†Œ", "๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„" ]
3
๋งˆ๋น„์„ฑํŒจ๋…์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ ๋ฌด์—‡์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์ง„๊ท ๋ฅ˜", "ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค", "์กฐ๊ฐœ", "๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ" ]
1
๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋“์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ", "ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ", "๋ฉด์—ญ ํšŒํ”ผ", "๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„" ]
3
์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ ์ˆ™์ฃผ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ฐ•์ฅ", "๋‚™ํƒ€", "์„ค์น˜๋ฅ˜", "A์™€ C ๋ชจ๋‘" ]
3
์–ด๋–ค ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ˆ™์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
[ "NL63 HCoV", "๊ฑท๋Š”", "HKU1", "A์™€ C ๋ชจ๋‘" ]
3
๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ SARS-CoV 2๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์—ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์„ ์ฒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "์กฐ๋ฅ˜์—๋Š” SARS-CoV2์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์กฐ๋ฅ˜์ธ์€ SARS-CoV 2 ์ˆ™์ฃผ์™€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ACE2 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋Š” SARS-CoV-2 S ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋ถ€์œ„์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ]
3
์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” SARS-CoV2๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[ "๋ฐ•์ฅ์˜ RaTG13", "Pangolin์˜ GD-Pangolin-CoV", "๋ฐ•์ฅ์˜ RaTG13๊ณผ ํŒ๊ณจ๋ฆฐ์˜ GD-Pangolin-CoV์˜ ํ‚ค๋ฉ”๋ผ", "์œ„์— ํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌํ•ญ ์—†์Œ" ]
2
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ", "๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด", "A ๋ฐ B ๋‘˜", "์œ„์— ํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌํ•ญ ์—†์Œ" ]
2
์•„๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์™€์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ ํŠน์ด์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์ž”๊ธฐ 13-19์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ์ƒ๋ณด ์˜์—ญ", "๊ฐ•ํ™”์ œ ์˜์—ญ", "์ž”๊ธฐ 1-12์˜ ์„œ์—ด ํŠน์ด์  ์˜์—ญ", "ํƒ€ํƒ€๋ฐ•์Šค" ]
2
G9 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์ง•์ด ๋ฐฑ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "RNA ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„", "N-๋ง๋‹จ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ์ผํ™” ๋ถ€์œ„", "14 ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ ์ž”๊ธฐ", "C-๋ง๋‹จ ๋ง‰ํšก๋‹จ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ" ]
3
์šฐ๋‘ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค G9R ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์ง•์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํญ์Šค๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ณด์กด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ฅ˜์‹ ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต, ๋‚˜์„ -ํšŒ์ „-๋‚˜์„  ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„, ํ•ต ๊ตญ์†Œํ™” ์‹ ํ˜ธ", "๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‹คํ™” ๋ถ€์œ„, ํžˆ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋”˜ ์ž”๊ธฐ, ํ‚ค๋‚˜์ œ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ", "N-๋ง๋‹จ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ์ผํ™”, ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ, ๋ง‰ํšก๋‹จ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ", "RNA ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„, ์ง•ํฌ ํ•‘๊ฑฐ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ, ์‹ ํ˜ธ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ" ]
2
์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•  ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ ์นตํ…Œ์ผ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ” ๋…์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •์ œ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ mL๋‹น ๋ช‡ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ ์นตํ…Œ์ผ์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "1mL", "10uL", "100uL", "0mL" ]
3
๋‚ด ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋กœ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋“์ธ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
[ "Clostridium์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์–‘์„ฑ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , ๋ณ‘ ๋ชจ์–‘ ํฌ์ž๋Š” ๋ง๋ผ์นด์ดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "Clostridium๊ณผ Bacillus ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์นดํƒˆ๋ผ์•„์ œ ๋ถ„์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "Clostridium๊ณผ Desulfotomaculum์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ‘ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ํฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™ฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด Shaeffer-Fulton ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "ํด๋กœ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋””์›€์€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์—†์ด๋„ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด๊ณ  ํฌ์ž๋Š” ๋ณ‘ ๋ชจ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
3
C. ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ” ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ •์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๊ฐ๋งˆ์„ ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค", "50๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์˜คํ† ํด๋ ˆ์ด๋ธŒ", "์—ผํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ์†Œ๊ธˆ๋ฌผ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "5๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ €์˜จ์‚ด๊ท " ]
1
๋Œ€์žฅ๊ท ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋…์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋จธ๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[ "5'-cgttgcagagtggtataact-3' ๋ฐ 5'-aacaatacattatgggaaagtaat-3'", "5'-agttataccactctgcaacgtgtcgcagcgctggaacgtt-3' ๋ฐ 5'-ggcccgttataaaaataaacaatacattatgggaaagtaat-3'", "5'-cgttgcagag-3' ๋ฐ 5'-attactttcc-3'", "5'-agttataccactctgcaacg-3' ๋ฐ 5'-attactttcccataatgtattgtt-3'" ]
3
ํƒ„์ €๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋…์†Œ LF ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ๊ณผ ํƒ„์ €๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋…์†Œ PA ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์˜ ์•ฝํ™”๋œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์˜ ์„ธํฌ, ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ LF ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋ฐ ๋“ฑ๋ชฐ ๋†๋„์˜ PA ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ.", "๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋™๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ, ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ LF ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋ฐ 5๋ฐฐ ์ดˆ๊ณผ PA ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์˜ ์„ธํฌ.", "๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ LF ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ๊ณผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ํ›„ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์ฒ™ํ•˜๊ณ  PA ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ, PA ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋ฐ 5๋ฐฐ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ LF ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์˜ ์„ธํฌ." ]
1
ํƒ„์ €๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋…์†Œ์ธ I207R์—์„œ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ PA ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์ด 50ng/mL์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ 90% ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "ํƒ„์ €๋ณ‘ ์น˜์‚ฌ ๋…์†Œ PA ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์˜ ์น˜์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ PA ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "207๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ์ด์†Œ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋œ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋…์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "207๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œ์—์„œ ์ด์†Œ๋ฅ˜์‹ ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋œ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋…์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์ด๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค์ •๊ณผ ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• PA ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์˜ ์น˜์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
3
์–ด๋–ค Iota A ๋…์†Œ ์  ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? Km = 96 pM ์•กํ‹ด ๋ฐ kcat = 3.6 min^-1์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” R295K; ๋˜๋Š” Km = 126 pM ์•กํ‹ด ๋ฐ kcat = 5.1 min^-1์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” E378D
[ "E278D์—๋Š” kcat์ด ๋” ๋†’์•„์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํšจ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "R295K๋Š” Km์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํšจ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ํšจ์†Œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์–ด๋–ค ํšจ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
2
Yersinia pestis YopJ์™€์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ-CoA์™€ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ํƒ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ”์ด๋ฐ”์ด ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ค‘ ์—ญ์ˆ˜ ํ”Œ๋กฏ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
[ "ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด 1/v ๋Œ€ 1/[์•„์„ธํ‹ธ-CoA]์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰ํ–‰์„ ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์•„์„ธํ‹ธ-CoA ๊ธฐ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด 1/v ๋Œ€ 1/[ํŽฉํ‹ฐ๋“œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ]์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์•„์„ธํ‹ธ-CoA ๊ธฐ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด 1/v ๋Œ€ 1/[ํŽฉํ‹ฐ๋“œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ]์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์ฐจ์„ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” 1/v ๋Œ€ 1/[์•„์„ธํ‹ธ-CoA] ๋ผ์ธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
0
๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์ด T6SS์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
[ "F. tularensis, B. fragilis, T4 ํŒŒ์ง€", "F. tularensis, V. cholerae, P. aeruginosa", "V. ์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ, F. johnsoniae, D. discoideum", "P. aeruginosa, T4 ํŒŒ์ง€, D. discoideum" ]
1
๋ณดํ†ก์Šค๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
[ "90โ„ƒ์—์„œ 7๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘", "5mM EDTA๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์–‘", "๋‘˜ ๋‹ค", "์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ]
2
ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณจ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด ์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ ์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์›์€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์„ผํ„ฐ์ธ ๋งŒํผ 2์ฐจ ๊ฐ์—ผ ํŒŒ๋™์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?
[ "์›Œํ„ฐ๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "๊ณฐํŒก์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "์—์–ด๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "ํ‘ธ๋“œ๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค" ]
2
์„ ํŽ˜์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ๋ ด ํŽ˜์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ „ํŒŒ์›์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์กฐ์–ธ/๊ฑฐ์ง“", "๋ฒผ๋ฃฉ/์ง„์‹ค", "๋ฒผ๋ฃฉ/๊ฑฐ์ง“", "์ฅ/์ฐธ" ]
2
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•ผํ† ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis ๋ฐ Ixodes์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์ง€๋™๋ฌผ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋Š‘๋Œ€", "์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ", "ํ† ๋ผ", "์—ฌ์šฐ" ]
2
ํด๋กœ๋กœํŽ˜๋…น์‹œ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒ€์€ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„", "ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„", "์‹ ์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ", "์œ„์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ" ]
2
์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ž‘์šฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ปค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ(๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋‹จ์œ„)?
[ "20", "100", "1000", "1" ]
3
๋‹ค์Œ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ํญํ’์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๊ฐˆ๋ ‰ํ‹ด-3", "๊ฐˆ๋ฝํ† ์Šค", "๊ฐˆ๋ฝํ† ์‹œ๋‹ค์ œ", "๊ฐˆ๋ ‰ํ‹ด-1" ]
3
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ํ›„ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด ์œ ํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์ง„๊ท ๋ฅ˜", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค", "๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„", "ํŠธ๋ฆฌํŒŒ๋…ธ์†œ" ]
0
๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” Candida auris์—์„œ ์•„์กธ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด C. auris๋ฅผ ๋†ํ›„ ์•ก์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ 37C์—์„œ 30๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ 2% ์—ํ‹ธ๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ์„คํฌ๋„ค์ดํŠธ(EMS)๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 37C์—์„œ 16ug/ml ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์ฝ”๋‚˜์กธ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ๋†ํ›„ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์— ์ง์ ‘ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŒ…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋กœ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "2% EMS๋Š” ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ์•„์„œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. EMS ์ง‘์ค‘๋„๋ฅผ 4%๋กœ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค", "16ug/ml ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์ฝ”๋‚˜์กธ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ๋จผ์ € ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ", "37C๋Š” ํšจ๋ชจ์— ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 25C๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋‹ค", "ํ™œ์„ฑ EMS๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„๊ธˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
3
์—ด๊ณผ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ค์—ผ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ๋…์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์•„ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ก์‹  B1", "AIP56", "T-2", "์•ŒํŒŒํ†ก์‹ " ]
2
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ„์Šค ์ค‘๋…์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ„์Šค ์ค‘๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[ "์œ ์•„ ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ„์Šค ์ค‘๋…", "์Œ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ„์Šค ์ค‘๋…", "์ƒ์ฒ˜ ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ„์Šค ์ค‘๋…", "์˜์ธ์„ฑ ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ„์Šค ์ค‘๋…" ]
3
๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์‹ํ’ˆ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ฌผ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์ „ํŒŒ์— ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "ํŽœ", "ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ", "๋‹ญ", "์ƒ์ถ”" ]
1
๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ ๋‚จ๋ถ€๋…น๋ณ‘์˜ ์ˆ™์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "Erianthus Guttatus", "์ œ์•„ ๋ฉ”์ด์Šค", "Tripsacum dactyloides", "์•Œ๋กœํŽ˜์ฟ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์„คํƒ•" ]
0
๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” Delaro ์‚ด๊ท ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Puccinia sorghi์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹จ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์˜จ์‹ค์—์„œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  Delaro๋ฅผ ๊ถŒ์žฅ ๋†๋„์˜ 50%๋กœ ์˜จ์‹ค์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž๋ผ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฉ์ผ ์ €๋…์—๋Š” ์žŽ์„ ์ ์…” ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์žŽ์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์•ฝ 70F์ด๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋™์•ˆ 75-85F๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ํ”ผ๋ณต์€ ์‚ด๊ท ์ œ ์ ์šฉ ํ›„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๊ณฐํŒก์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์„ฑ์ƒ์‹ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š” ๊ดญ์ด๋ฐฅ ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์€ P. sorghi์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์žŽ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ –์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๊ณฐํŒก์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
3
์„ ํƒ์  ์••๋ ฅ ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ์—์„œ ํ•ญ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ ๋์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ๊นŒ์š”?
[ "์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์€ ํ•ญ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์€ ํ•ญ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ ์‘์€ ๋†๋„ ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ์— ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ ์‘์€ ๋†๋„ ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
0
ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์ฒด์•ก์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์•ฝ 50ul ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์˜จ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ผ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
[ "์˜ˆ. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์˜ˆ. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
3
์•„ํŠธ๋กœํ•€์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ค‘์ถ”์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค", "์นœ์œ ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค", "ํ•ญ๋ฌด์Šค์นด๋ฆฐ์ œ์ด๋‹ค", "ํ•ญ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค" ]
1
์•„ํŠธ๋กœํŒŒ ๋ฒจ๋ผ๋„๋‚˜ ์ค‘๋…์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "ํ™œ์„ฑํƒ„", "ํ”ผ์†Œ์Šคํ‹ฐ๊ทธ๋ฏผ", "๋””ํŽœํžˆ๋“œ๋ผ๋ฏผ", "๋„ค์˜ค์Šคํ‹ฐ๊ทธ๋ฏผ" ]
2
๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ ์ธ์ฒด์— ์ค‘๋…์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "์•„ํŠธ๋กœํŒŒ ๋ฒจ๋ผ๋„๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‹์šฉ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๊ธฐ", "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐค๋‚˜๋ฌด ์—ด๋งค ์„ญ์ทจ", "๋ฐค๋‚˜๋ฌด ์žŽ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„", "์†”๋ผ๋ˆ” ๋‹ˆ๊ทธ๋ฃธ ์ฐจ(Solanum nigrum tea) ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ธฐ" ]
3
C. ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ”์„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "37C์—์„œ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ”๋“ค์–ด ํƒˆ๊ธฐ๋œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€ ๊ตญ๋ฌผ", "72C์—์„œ ๋ฐ€๋ด‰๋œ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ํƒˆ๊ธฐ๋œ ์™„์ „ ๋ฐฐ์ง€ ๊ตญ๋ฌผ", "37C์—์„œ ๋ฐ€๋ด‰๋œ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ํƒˆ๊ธฐ๋œ ํฌ๋„๋‹น ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ง€", "37C์—์„œ ๋ฐ€๋ด‰๋œ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ํƒˆ๊ธฐ๋œ ์™„์ „ ๋ฐฐ์ง€ ๊ตญ๋ฌผ" ]
3
๋””ํ”„ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋…์†Œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
[ "GenBank์—์„œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ์œ„ ํžˆํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ Blast ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "GenBank์—์„œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ Blast ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "GenBank์—์„œ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ Blast ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "GenBank์—์„œ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ Google ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋„ฃ์œผ์„ธ์š”." ]
1
๋””ํ”„ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋…์†Œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ง€์  ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ EF-2์˜ ADP-๋ฆฌ๋ณด์‹คํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 2.2x10^3 M^-1 min^-1์˜ kcat/Km์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• kcat/Km์€ 1.2x10^8์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. M^-1 min^-1, ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ฐธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
[ "๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋œ ์ž”๊ธฐ๋Š” EF-2์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋ณด์‹คํ™” ํ™œ์„ฑ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋œ ๋””ํ”„ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋…์†Œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์•ผ์ƒํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฆฌ๋ณด์‹คํ™” ์ด‰๋งค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "EF-2๋Š” ๋””ํ”„ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋…์†Œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋œ ์ž”๊ธฐ๋Š” ADP ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ]
0