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Student's t-distribution is a probability distribution which was developed by William Sealy Gosset in 1908. Student is the pseudonym he used when he published the paper describing the distribution.
A normal distribution describes a full population, t-distributions describe samples drawn from a full population; accordingly, the t-distribution for each sample size is different, and the larger the sample, the more the distribution resembles a normal distribution.
The t-distribution plays a role in many widely used statistical analyses, including the Student's t-test for assessing the statistical significance of the difference between two sample means, the construction of confidence intervals for the difference between two population means, and in linear regression analysis. The Student's t-distribution also arises in the Bayesian analysis of data from a normal family.
History
Gosset worked at a brewery and was interested in the problems of small samples, for example the chemical properties of barley. In the problems he analyzed, the sample size might be as low as three. Because of the small sample size, estimating the standard deviation is not possible. Also, in many cases Gosset encountered, the probability distribution of the samples was not known.
One version of the origin of the pseudonym is that Gosset's employer preferred staff to use pen names (instead of their real name) when publishing scientific papers, so he used the name "Student" to hide his identity. Another version is that the brewery did not want their competitors to know that they were using the t-test to test the quality of raw material.
Properties
If we take a sample of n observations from a normal distribution, then the t-distribution with n = n-1 degrees of freedom can be defined as the distribution of the location of the sample mean , relative to the true mean , divided by the sample standard deviation over the normalizing term (that is, ). In this way, the t-distribution can be used to estimate how likely it is that the true mean lies in any given range.
The t-distribution is symmetric and bell-shaped, like the normal distribution, but has heavier tails, meaning that it is more prone to producing values that fall far from its mean. This makes it useful for understanding the statistical behavior of certain types of ratios of random quantities, in which variation in the denominator is amplified and may produce outlying values when the denominator of the ratio falls close to zero. The Student's t-distribution is a special case of the generalised hyperbolic distribution.
Related pages
F-distribution |
Background
The United States is not on track to meet the Renewable Fuels Standard targets for advanced biofuels production under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (Biofuels Interagency Working Group, 2010). Our agricultural and forestry sectors can provide feedstock to support the fledgling industry. However, lack of integration across the entire supply chain has led to sub-optimal solutions and stunted commercial rollout of the advanced biofuels industry.
The goal of this project is to prepare the Pacific Northwest for a 2015 introduction of a 100% infrastructure compatible biofuels industry that meets the region’s share of Renewable Fuels Standard targets using sustainable and regionally appropriate woody energy crops. This will revitalize the region’s forestry industry with establishment of a sustainable advanced biofuels industry that supports large and small growers and brings jobs to rural communities.
Our Work
A suitability analysis for potential to grow poplar was performed over a five state region (Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, and Montana) using the analytic hierarchy process. First, permanently non-suitable land was removed, including: federal ownership, developed land, steep areas where equipment cannot operate, and areas with high soil salinity. For the remaining land, nine variables considered important for poplar growth were identified: growing season precipitation, temperature, and length; soil texture and drainage, pH, salinity, and depth; water table depth; and slope. Normalizing functions were developed for each variable, and contribution to overall suitability was defined by assigning pairwise importance weights. Normalized values and weights were multiplied together to calculate a final suitability value for each cell. Finally, cells were classified into Highly, Moderately, Marginally or Currently Not Suitable.
We developed two web-based data access applications, one for project partners providing access to the datasets used in our suitability analysis, and a second for examining land suitability for poplar at the parcel level.
The parcel based web app provides suitability scores with and without irrigation for each parcel in the 5 project states, as well as many additional attributes. In support of our project partner, WSU Extension, we also made parcel owner names and addresses available through a secured web app. These names and address can be used as part of outreach programs conducted for education and training events and field trial site visits put on by Extension and Greenwood Resources.
Results
Of the 354 million acres in the region, 188 million acres were identified as permanently non-suitable due to Federal ownership, development, presence of water bodies, steep slopes, or high soil salinity. Without irrigation, 4.4 million acres were classified as highly suitable, with 400 thousand of these acres not classified as agriculture, forestry, disturbed, developed, or water. Irrigation increased the amount of highly suitable acres to 54 million, with 20 million acres not classified agriculture, forestry, disturbed, developed, or water. Growing season precipitation was the most important factor under the "without irrigation" scenario. When irrigation was considered, soil texture and drainage and growing season temperature were the most important factors. |
Cortland is a town in Illinois in the United States.
Towns in Illinois |
Q:
Why is vertical scrolling of XML files in Visual Studio 2010 so slow?
Has anyone had this problem? My projects tend to have some long XML files and I need to scroll all the time. Why is scrolling of XML files so slow?! It's really annoying! It was definitely fine when I was using VS 2005. Do you know why it is so slow and how I can fix it?
A:
Ever since I upgraded to a more powerful machine I don't have this problem anymore.
|
Yasuo Fukuda () (born 16 July 1936) was Prime Minister of Japan from 2007 to 2008. He was born in Gunma, Japan. The prime minister before him was Shinzo Abe. He hosted the G8 meeting in Hokkaido in July 2008, but resigned on September 1, 2008, due to low approval ratings and political deadlock. He was succeeded by Taro Aso. |
.rdw-history-wrapper {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
margin-bottom: 6px;
flex-wrap: wrap
}
.rdw-history-dropdownoption {
height: 40px;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
.rdw-history-dropdown {
width: 50px;
}
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Maria Imelda Josefa "Imee" Romualdez Marcos (; born November 12, 1955) is a Filipina politician. She has been a Senator since 2019. She was governor of Ilocos Norte from 2010 to 2019 and a representative of Ilocos Norte's 2nd district from 1998 to 2007.
She is a daughter of former president Ferdinand Marcos and former first lady Imelda Marcos. |
There is experimental evidence that saccades during visual search preferentially target locations that contain task-relevant information \[[@B1]\]. However, the question remains what kind of strategy people use to decide what is relevant for a task. Do we use simple heuristics or complex algorithms based on the ideas of information theory? For example, for a shape-learning and -matching task sequential entropy-minimization was successfully used to predict human fixations \[[@B2]\]. Inspired by this fact, we test three entropy-based strategies for sequential location (image patches) selection during a visual classification task.
In our experiments, we used a more constrained setup than eye-tracking, were the subject had to click on an image location explicitly. During the experiment, images of clock digits consisting of seven patches at different locations are presented. Initially all patches are covered and shown as a gray outline (Figure [1A](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). Patches can be uncovered by clicking at them. The task is to uncover a minimal number of patches that, in the subject\'s opinion, help to identify the digit. The presentation stops when the digit is unambiguously identified (Figure [1 A](#F1){ref-type="fig"} bottom).
{#F1}
Determining the task-relevant parts of a visual scene is closely related to the problem of feature selection in machine learning. Correspondingly, we tested to what extend human behavior can be explained in terms of feature selection criteria.
The first strategy (MI, Mutual Information), is considered as a heuristic. It simply ranks all locations according to the mutual information they provide about digit identity . The second strategy (CMI, Conditional Mutual Information) takes into account high-order dependencies between locations, i.e. selects those that are both informative and non-redundant with respect to the already selected locations. The third strategy (AMI, Adaptive conditional Mutual Information) is an adaptive version of CMI, which takes into account also observed values of the already attended locations, suggesting that every next decision depends on what one has seen on the previous steps. Thus, in contrast to MI and CMI, the optimal location sequence is different for each image.
We compare these strategies with respect to their explanatory power of the observed behavioral data . For this, we turn them into generative models of patch sequences. Each model assumes that the next patch is chosen as softly maximizing the strategy-specific information about the image class. The softmax function is parametrized with β. For low values of β all sequences are equally likely, i.e. the subject acts randomly, whereas a high β concentrates the probability mass on sequences which select the most informative patches -- according to each strategy -- on each step. Preliminary results show that the behavior of most subjects is best explained by the AMI strategy.
Our clicking experiment provide evidence that for a visual classification task people are able to employ quite complex entropy-based search strategies. We found in particular that, even though it is more computationally demanding, most people act adaptively, i.e. take into account image-specific information.
|
The pelagic zone is the open sea or ocean that is not near the coast. The name comes from the Greek pelagos (pelagos), which might be translated as "open sea".
To make this clear, seas around continents have continental crust beneath them. They are shallow. Seas away from continents can be very deep, and do not have continental shelves beneath them.
Sub-zones
The pelagic (or open ocean) zone is divided into a number of sub-zones:
Epipelagic (surface to 200m): the illuminated surface zone where there is enough light for photosynthesis. Because of this, plankton, and the food chain which feeds on it, are in this zone. The top predators are fish such as tuna and many sharks.
Mesopelagic (from 200m to 1000m): the twilight zone. Although some light penetrates this deep, it is insufficient for photosynthesis. The name comes from Greek meson, middle.
Bathyal zone (from 1000m to 4000m): by this depth the ocean is almost entirely dark (with only the occasional bioluminescent organism). There are no living plants, and most animals survive by consuming the snow of detritus falling from the zones above, or (like the marine hatchetfish) by preying upon others. Giant squid live at this depth, and here they are hunted by deep-diving sperm whales. From Greek bathus (bathys), deep.
Abyssal zone (from 4000m to the ocean floor): no light penetrates to this depth, and some creatures are blind and colourless. Bioluminescence also occurs in this zone.
Hadal zone (the deep water in ocean trenches) - the name comes from Hades, the classical Greek underworld. This zone is less well known. Very few species live in the open areas, but many organisms live in hydrothermal vents.
The last three zones are similar in character, and some marine biologists count them as a single zone or consider the latter two to be the one zone. Some define the hadopelagic as waters below 6000 meters, whether in a trench or not.
Other features of the deep ocean
Seamounts
Ocean ridges |
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Molecular Epidemiology PhD - SARDI and University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne
Agriculture, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences
VIC
Molecular Epidemiology PhD - SARDI and University of Melbourne Salmonellosis is the leading food borne hazard detected by the Aust public health surveillance network, which reflects food borne disease patterns internationally. The pork aims to better ... |
The 2014 Major League Soccer season was the 19th Major League Soccer season. The season had 19 teams (16 from the United States, and 3 from Canada). The Seattle Sounders won the Supporters' Shield, and Los Angeles Galaxy won the MLS Cup. The top scorer was Bradley Wright-Phillips, with 27 goals.
Teams
Results
Eastern conference
(EC) = Eastern Conference champions
Western conference
(WC) = Western Conference champions
(SS) = Supporters Shield champions
Overall table
The champion of the overall table, which combines the eastern and western conference, is the champion of the Supporters Shield. This table also will show what team will qualify for next years CONCACAF Champions League.
The Seattle Sounders qualified because they were they won the Supporters Shield and the 2014 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup.
LA Galaxy qualified because they won the MLS Cup.
DC Untied qualified because they won a conference championship.
Because the Seattle Sounders won two titles, and two Canadian teams qualified, the next best American team qualified; which turns out to be Real Salt Lake.
The Vancouver Whitecaps qualified because, for this season only, the best Canadian team qualified.
Montreal Impact qualified because they won the 2014 Canadian Championship.
MLS Cup
Statistics
Awards |
Q:
How to skip method call in the DRF unit-test?
I am not clear on how to properly use unittest.mock. I need to test APIView using rest_framework.test.APITestCase.client. But I don't need to call one of methods.
class MyClass(MyMixin):
def do_some_stuff(self, request):
self.should_be_called_in_the_test()
self.should_not_be_called_in_the_test()
class MyView(views.APIView):
def post(self, request):
my_object = MyClass()
my_object.do_some_stuff(request)
return Response(status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
#test.py:
class MyViewTest(APITestCase):
def test_post_request(self):
url = reverse('my-view-url')
# How properly skip call of "should_not_be_called_in_the_test()" ?
response = self.client.post(url, data)
# some asserts...
A:
You'll need to use the patch instead of mock. You can do it with something like this,
#views.py
class MyClass(MyMixin):
def do_some_stuff(self, request):
self.should_be_called_in_the_test()
self.should_not_be_called_in_the_test()
class MyView(views.APIView):
def post(self, request):
my_object = MyClass()
my_object.do_some_stuff(request)
return Response(status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
#test.py:
class MyViewTest(APITestCase):
def test_post_request(self):
url = reverse('my-view-url')
with patch('app.views.MyClass.should_not_be_called_in_the_test'):
response = self.client.post(url, data)
# some asserts...
When using patch you'll usually have to be careful where to patch which is explained here
|
Sikorsky S-92 is an American civil helicopter. When it's used by militaries it's called H-92 Superhawk. CH-148 Cyclone is a special variant built for Canadian services.
Bibliography
Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
Helicopters
Sikorsky aircraft & helicopter |
Effect of divalent cations on succinate transport in Rhizobium tropici, R. leguminosarum bv phaseoli and R. loti.
Rhizobium tropici, R. leguminosarum bv phaseoli and R. loti each have an active C4-dicarboxylic acid transport system dependent on an energized membrane. Free thiol groups are probably involved at the active site. Since EDTA inhibited succinate transport in R. leguminosarum bv phaseoli and R. loti, divalent cations may participate in the process; the activity was reconstituted by the addition of Ca(2+) or Mg(2+). However, EDTA had no effect on succinate transport in R. tropici, R. meliloti or R. trifolii strains. Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) had a similar effect on the growth rates of R. tropici and R. leguminosarum bv phaseoli; R. tropici did not require Ca(2+) to grow on minimal medium supplemented with succinate but R. leguminosarum bv phaseoli required either or both of the divalent cations Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). A R. tropici Mu-dI (lacZ) mutant defective in dicarboxylic acid transport, was isolated and found unable to form effective bean nodules. |
Gujranwala is a city in Pakistan. It is the capital of the Gujranwala District in Punjab.
Punjab (Pakistan)
Cities in Pakistan |
Keechaka is a Telugu movie released on 30 October, 2015. The movie is directed by NVB Choudary and featured Yamini Bhaskar, Jwala koti and Raghu Babu as lead characters. Other popular actors who were roped in for Keechaka are Giri Babu, Sri Harsha Anusha, Srinivasulu Nayudu, Vinod Nuvvula and Hari babu. |
Video High Density (VHD) was a videodisc format which was marketed predominantly in Japan by JVC. There was also an audio-only variant, Audio High Density (AHD).
Technology
VHD discs are 25 cm (9 5/6 inches) in diameter, and store up to 60 minutes of video per side. Each disc is stored in a plastic case, similar to a CED's case, so that the user could not touch the disc itself. The entire case was put into the player, which would take out the disc, and then the now empty case could be taken back out. After one side has finished playing, the disc would have to be taken out, flipped, and put back in to continue playing.
Similar to the RCA's CED, the signal on the VHD is recorded by varying capacitance on the disc. However, unlike the CED, the VHD does not contain any groves and the needle is made of diamond instead of titanium. Instead of having grooves, the needle is kept on track electronically so the needle does not have to actually touch the disc therefore resulting in less wear on the disc and on the needle. In one rotation of the disc, 2 frames of picture and audio were read.
VHD was designed to be very interactive and was used in some video game systems as well as in car engine diagnostic tools.
History
The VHD was first demonstrated in 1978, and after many advertisements in National Geographic magazines, It was eventually released in Japan and in the USA in 1983. However, by this time both Laserdisc and CED were already not selling well compared to the VHS and Betamax VCR systems. As a result of this, JVC did not let the VHD be sold in North America, but made it available to the general public in Japan and commercially in the UK and the US.
During the time the VHD was made, it was mostly used for karaoke systems, anime video games, and interactive training systems. In the UK, the VHD was used for training, demonstration, and fault diagnostics.
In Japan, a 3D version of the VHD utilizes double speed discs and special glasses.
VHDs Today
The VHD was not very successful as a consumer product, but it sold well for commercial purposes. In Japan, the CED is still somewhat popular and the discs and players are both still collected. |
Schmitt, Germany
Schmitt is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Ulmen, whose seat is in the like-named town.
Geography
Location
The municipality lies in the southern Eifel, roughly 1.5 km southwest of Alflen and 8 km northwest of the river Moselle at Bremm.
History
The placename Schmitt comes from the German word Schmied, which means the same as – and is cognate with – the English word “smith”. Before the mid 18th century, the southern Eifel was an iron ore production centre of Europe-wide importance. The rivers and streams were harnessed to work the smiths’ bellows, and the forests afforded the needed firewood.
Beginning in 1794, Schmitt lay under French rule. In 1815 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. Since 1946, it has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Politics
Municipal council
The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
Mayor
Schmitt's mayor is Wilfried Linden, and his deputy is Andreas Peifer.
Coat of arms
The municipality's arms might be described thus: A pale Or charged with a broadsword palewise sable, the hilt to chief, between vert an oak sprig slipped bendwise sinister leafed of four and fructed of two of the first, and gules three ears of wheat surmounted in base by a sickle of the first.
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
Saint Maurice’s Catholic Church (branch church; Filialkirche St. Mauritius), Kirchstraße 15 – east tower, 13th century; aisleless church, late 16th century, alterations from early 18th century
References
External links
Schmitt in the collective municipality’s webpages
Municipality’s official webpage
Category:Cochem-Zell |
Thierachern is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. |
Emulsion-templated macroporous carbons synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and their application for the enzymatic oxidation of glucose.
Carbon-based monoliths have been designed using a simple synthetic pathway based on using high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) as a soft template to confine the polymerization and hydrothermal carbonization of saccharide derivatives (furfural) and phenolic compounds (phloroglucinol). Monosaccharides can be isolated from the cellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic biomass and phloroglucinol can be extracted from the bark of fruit trees; however, this approach constitutes an interesting sustainable synthetic route. The macroscopic characteristics can be easily modulated; a high macroporosity and total pore volume of up to 98 % and 18 cm(3)g(-1) have been obtained, respectively. After further thermal treatment under inert atmosphere, the as-synthesized macroporous carbonized HIPEs (carbo-HIPEs) have shaping capabilities relating to interesting mechanical properties as well as a high electrical conductivity of up to 300 Sm(-1) . These conductive foams exhibit a hierarchical structure associated with the presence of both meso- and micropores that exhibit specific Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas and DFT total pore volumes up to 730 m(2)g(-1) and 0.313 cm(3)g(-1) , respectively. Because of their attractive structural characteristics and intrinsic properties, these macroporous monoliths have been incorporated as a proof of principle within electrochemical devices as modified thin carbon disc electrodes. A promising two-fold improvement in the catalytic current is observed for the electrooxidation of glucose after the immobilization of a glucose oxidase-based biocatalytic mixture onto the carbo-HIPE electrodes compared to that observed if using commercial glassy carbon electrodes. |
Our Mothers () is a 2019 Belgian Guatemalan drama movie directed by Cesar Diaz and starring Armando Espitia, Emma Dib, Aurelia Caal, Julio Serrano Echeverria, Victor Moreira. |
Just to clarify one thing – we are still on a mission to launch a human being into space on a homemade space rocket. We started out big, by firing the first rocket – not as a small test rocket – but a full-size machine carrying a full-size crash test dummy.
The decision to do so was Peter Madsen's and mine, and may not have made a whole lot of sense to many people, but it boosted the project into what it is today__. A manned space program!__ A program far from the typical small-sized DIY rocket projects which are common in the realm of amateurism.
It seems to me that people either love or hate this project. There are not many “inbetweeners.” The fact that Copenhagen Suborbitals continues to claim that they are capable of producing and launching a manned homemade rocket, for little money, clearly pisses off some people – especially in the pro-space arena.
If you have followed the project, the last couple of years, you may have been looking in vain for large rockets. And so have I. Needless to say, there is a natural development going on justifying these launches and tests, because we like to differentiate systems into smaller tests for better systems-isolated evaluation.
In a few months we are going to launch our first active-guided rocket Sapphire. This is going to very interesting. We are basically letting a guided missile lose to learn more about this crucial system. Without active guidance – no suborbital ride.
But it has been too long! We need to get back on the big track!
It's like the development at Copenhagen Suborbitals has turned into a “sound” process where everyone is nerding and fiddling more and more with smaller and smaller system to know it all. Things are getting slower and smaller and I think we have lost our nerve somehow.
Last week I had a talk with Peter Madsen. Being pretty much synchronized in our strange minds, we decided to get back on the big track. We decided to get our act together and find that special nerve that started the project. So, besides launching the “usual” experimental rockets and capsule each year, the production of the large Ø1600mm engine must begin NOW - and so it has.
Our "big" 1600-rocket compared to known NASA systems. Image: Kristian von Bengtson
Personally, I am aiming for a launch or at least full scale test in Summer 2014.
I know pushing these ideas to Peter Madsen is like injecting amphetamine into his veins and since it happened I have never seen him talking, running and sketching faster. His smile has never been bigger and it just happened that this weekend the construction of our new permanent rocket engine vertical test cell (VTC-3), has begun – capable of holding our ø1600 engine with is 10 meter tall propellant tank. 10 tonnes of propellant. Now, we are talking!
A huge chunk of aluminum sheets has been purchased to begin production of these huge propellant tanks.
Yes, dear friends. We are back on the megalomania track.
It makes me happy. This is what Copenhagen Suborbitals is all about!
P.S. If you are a twitter-person we have created the official Copenhagen Suborbitals twitter channel which sums up most of our news.
Ad Astra
Kristian von Bengtson |
Michael Bruce Patrick Seater (born January 15, 1987) is a Canadian actor who is known for his roles as "Derek Venturi" in the Canadian series Life with Derek. He is close friends with his television co-star Ashley Leggat. He has one confirmed older brother. He is also a supporter of anti-bullying along with Ashley Leggat. |
1892 Italian general election
General elections were held in Italy on 6 November 1892, with a second round of voting on 13 November. The "ministerial" left-wing bloc emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 323 of the 508 seats. The electoral system reverted to the pre-1882 method of using single-member constituencies with second round run-offs.
Historical background
Giovanni Giolitti's first term as Prime Minister (1892–1893) was marked by misfortune and misgovernment. The building crisis and the commercial rupture with France had impaired the situation of the state banks, of which one, the Banca Romana, had been further undermined by misadministration. The Banca Romana had loaned large sums to property developers but was left with huge liabilities when the real estate bubble collapsed in 1887. Then Prime Minister Francesco Crispi and his Treasury Minister Giolitti knew of the 1889 government inspection report, but feared that publicity might undermine public confidence and suppressed the report.
The Bank Act of August 1893 liquidated the Banca Romana and reformed the whole system of note issue, restricting the privilege to the new Banca d'Italia – mandated to liquidate the Banca Romana – and to the Banco di Napoli and the Banco di Sicilia, and providing for stricter state control.<ref name=pohl564>Pohl & Freitag, Handbook on the history of European banks, p. 564</ref> The new law failed to effect an improvement. Moreover, he irritated public opinion by raising to senatorial rank the governor of the Banca Romana'', Bernardo Tanlongo, whose irregular practices had become a byword, which would have given him immunity from prosecution. The senate declined to admit Tanlongo, whom Giolitti, in consequence of an intervention in parliament upon the condition of the Banca Romana, was obliged to arrest and prosecute. During the prosecution Giolitti abused his position as premier to abstract documents bearing on the case.
Simultaneously a parliamentary commission of inquiry investigated the condition of the state banks. Its report, though acquitting Giolitti of personal dishonesty, proved disastrous to his political position, and the ensuing Banca Romana scandal obliged him to resign. His fall left the finances of the state disorganized, the pensions fund depleted, diplomatic relations with France strained in consequence of the massacre of Italian workmen at Aigues-Mortes, and a state of revolt in the Lunigiana and by the Fasci Siciliani in Sicily, which he had proved impotent to suppress. Despite the heavy pressure from the King, the army and conservative circles in Rome, Giolitti neither treated strikes – which were not illegal – as a crime, nor dissolved the Fasci, nor authorised the use of firearms against popular demonstrations. His policy was “to allow these economic struggles to resolve themselves through amelioration of the condition of the workers” and not to interfere in the process.
Parties and leaders
Results
References
1892
Category:1892 elections in Europe
Category:1892 in Italy
Category:November 1892 events |
Jagannath is a form of the God Shri Krishna. The biggest temple of Jagannath is in Puri, Odisha, India. He is worshipped in Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar and rest parts of the Indian Subcontinent.
Hinduism |
Q:
insert to multi row in db with 1 variable input PL/SQL?
I have the input
var1,var2,var3
and I need to insert or update into 3 row table with split by ",", How do I do that, thank you
A:
If i understood your question correctly you want to create three rows out of one input text line broken down by some delimitter. You can do this with Regex_substr
CREATE TABLE TEST AS (
SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR ('var1,var2,var3','[^,]+',1 ,LEVEL) values
FROM DUAL
CONNECT BY REGEXP_SUBSTR ('var1,var2,var3','[^,]+' ,1 ,LEVEL) IS NOT NULL)
and just the insert as follow up:
INSERT INTO TEST (
SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR ('var1,var2,var3', '[^,]+',1,LEVEL) VALUES
FROM DUAL
CONNECT BY REGEXP_SUBSTR ('var1,var2,var3','[^,]+' ,1 ,LEVEL) IS NOT NULL)
For the update you need to be more specific on what the operation (before -> after) shall accomplish
|
For Those Who Are at Sea () is a 1947 Soviet drama movie directed by Aleksandr Faintsimmer. It stars Mikhail Zharov, Aleksandra Trishko, and Dmitri Pavlov.
Actors
Mikhail Zharov as Kharitonov
Aleksandra Trishko as Sofiya Petrovna
Dmitri Pavlov as Maksimov
Ninel Myshkova as Olga Shabunina
Gennadi Karnovich-Valua as Borovsky |
Abstract
A field trial was laid out on pastures heavily infested with Deschampsia caespitosa in Baraolt Mountain. Positive results have been obtained with Roundup, Fusilade, Targa-Sup., Gallant, Focus, Nabu S. and Titus D.P. It seems that some broad-leaves species are resistant to Gallant and Focus, while legume species appear resistant to Titus D.P.
The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restriction. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. |
The National Assembly (, , ) is one of the two houses (chambers) of the Parliament of Cambodia. It is referred to as the lower house, with the Senate being referred to as the upper house.
The National Assembly is an elected body consisting of 125 members known as Members of Parliament (MPs). Members are elected for five-year terms. |
London 2012 Olympics: Saudi Arabian women to compete Published duration 12 July 2012
image caption Sarah Attar will compete in the women's 800m
Saudi Arabia is to send two female athletes to complete in the London 2012 Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has said.
Sarah Attar will compete in the 800m and Wodjan Ali Seraj Abdulrahim Shahrkhani in the judo competition.
The Saudi authorities lifted a ban on women from the Gulf kingdom competing in the Games last month.
The public participation of women in sport is still fiercely opposed by many Saudi religious conservatives.
IOC President Jacques Rogge said it was "very positive news" and "an encouraging evolution".
"I am pleased to see that our continued dialogue has come to fruition," he said in a statement.
The IOC, keen to ensure "gender balance" at the Games, had been speaking to the Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee about the issue.
Speaking from her training base in the US, Sarah Attar said: "It's such a huge honour and I hope that it can really make some big strides for women over there to get more involved in sport."
'Dignity'
The inclusion of the Saudi women means that, for the first time in the history of the Games, there will be a female entrant from every competing nation.
Female athletes from Qatar and Brunei are also due to attend for the first time.
Brunei's Maziah Mahusin will complete in the athletics, while Qatar has entered athletes into the swimming (Nada Arkaji), athletics (Noor al-Malki), table tennis (Aya Magdy) and shooting (Bahiya al-Hamad).
Bahiya al-Hamad is also set to carry the Qatari flag at the opening ceremony, in what she said was a "truly historic moment".
New York-based Human Rights Watch said the inclusion of Saudi women was a step forward.
"It's an important precedent that will create space for women to get rights, and it will be hard for Saudi hardliners to roll back", the organisation's Minky Worden said.
There is almost no public tradition of women participating in sport in Saudi Arabia, and officials have found it difficult to find athletes who could meet the minimum criteria for competing.
Officials have also said that female competitors will need to dress in such a way as "to preserve their dignity". |
Baroness Elizabeth-Ann de Massy Noghes (13 January 1947 - 10 June 2020) was a Monegasque aristocrat. She was the daughter of Princess Antoinette of Monaco and Alexandre-Athenase Noghes.
Biography
She is a first cousin of the reigning Prince Albert II and niece of Rainier III. She is the godmother of Princess Stephanie of Monaco.
Although Elisabeth-Anne was born out of wedlock, her parents married in 1951, thus allowing her to be in the line to the throne. She lost her place in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne upon the death of Rainier III.
Affiliations
She was President of the Monegasque Tennis Federation and of the Monte Carlo Country Club.
On 10 June 2020, Elizabeth-Ann de Massy died at the age of 73. |
[The occurrence of plasticisers (phthalates) in communal facilities under special consideration of results from LUPE 3].
Children are a very susceptible subgroup of the general population and therefore health authorities have a special interest to prevent them from health hazards. In a study of 3 German Bundesländer the indoor air and dust samples of altogether 63 German daycare centres were analysed for the presence of phthalate diesters in 2011/12 (LUPE 3 study). Inhalable dust and gas phases were collected with a glass fibre filter and polyurethane foam over approximately 6 h while children were attending these facilities. Settled dust was collected by vacuuming the floor of the room using an ALK dust sampler. Indoor air and dust were analysed using a GC/MS system. Median values in the dust samples were 888 mg/kg for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), 302 mg/kg for diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), 34 mg/kg for diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), 21 mg/kg for di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and 20 mg/kg for diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP). For DEHP and DiNP maximum values of 10,086 mg/kg and 7,091 mg/kg were observed, respectively. DEHP and DiNP were responsible for 70% and 24% of the total phthalate concentration in the dust. In indoor air phthalates are found mainly in the particulate phase of the filters. Only the more volatile phthalates dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate were found also in the gas phase. The median values in the indoor air were 470 ng/m³ for DiBP, 230 ng/m³ for DnBP, 190 ng/m³ for DEHP, and 100 ng/m³ for DiNP. DnBP and DiBP were together responsible for 55% of the total phthalate concentration in the indoor air. Overall, our study showed that the concentrations of phthalates in indoor air of daycare centers are slightly higher and in dust samples lower compared with schools. |
Augusto Boal (16 March 1931 - 2 May 2009) was a Brazilian theatre director, writer and politician.
He was the founder of Theatre of the Oppressed. Boal served one term as a Vereador (the Brazilian version of a city councillor) in Rio de Janeiro from 1993 to 1997. He developed the legislative theatre.
Boal died from respiratory failure caused by leukemia, aged 78. |
On the bulletin board in the kitchen at my parents’ home is a little cross-stitched sign that reads: “Growing Old is Not for Sissies.” As I watch my own parents rise to the challenges of aging, I can vouch for the truth of that saying.
While there are many blessings that come with old age, life certainly does not get any easier when one becomes a senior citizen. It takes courage and tenacity to face the obstacles and frustrations of old age.
As we see the pace of life get faster and faster, our seniors observe their own physical capacities slowing and diminishing. It’s more difficult to see, to hear and to move about.
In an age that places a high value on youthful strength and vitality, the temptation is to regard our loved ones who are aging as somehow personally “less” than they should be. Truth is, they are probably more in tune with where God wants them to be than the rest of us are.
At the beginning of this month, on Feb. 2, the church celebrated the beautiful feast of the Presentation of the Lord. The Gospel scene for that feast begins with a focus on the newborn Christ child, who is brought by his youthful mother, Mary, and foster-father, Joseph, to the Temple in Jerusalem.
Some would conclude that the feast is all about the child. But Luke’s vivid depiction soon turns our attention to two senior citizens: Simeon, an old man who was waiting for death, and Anna, who, at the age of 84, is delicately described as “advanced in years” (Luke 2:36). The feast is as much about the elderly and their faith as it is about the child.
Based on that Gospel, it is fair to say that our seniors have a unique and essential role in the unfolding of God’s plan of salvation. The wisdom gained through years of prayer and petition, the tempering of the will through their long and ardent longing for salvation, the patience to sit still and be present when the rest of the world is running around in pursuit of many things — are not these all the hallmarks of our senior Catholic faithful?
It is in our own best interest to give careful attention to our seniors, whose gifts to the church are immense.
Meeting seniors’ needs
Catholic Senior Services, about which you will hear more and more in the coming months, is an important part of the response of this local church in improving the attention we give to the needs of our seniors.
The growing demands for services occasioned by the aging of the “greatest generation” call for a better-coordinated response. We need to become increasingly more prudent, imaginative and cost-efficient in making available the necessary resources for adequate housing, health services, and physical and spiritual care along the whole spectrum of capacity, from assisted living to memory care, from transitional care to hospice care.
The current and future affiliates of CSS — senior care providers such as Saint Therese Homes, Catholic Eldercare, Franciscan Health Services, Saint Therese Southwest — are coming together in a coordinated relationship to improve and extend the opportunities for the physical and spiritual care of our Catholic seniors.
The Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis has a deep interest in these initiatives, and, through CSS, hopes to provide better communication and cooperation between the various agencies so as to connect our seniors to the services they need more effectively and to assist our parishes in finding new ways to minister to our seniors.
Among the goals of CSS and its affiliates are increased availability of affordable home care, parish-based senior housing, education around the particular needs and challenges of the aging, support for parish nursing programs, attention to the sacramental and pastoral care needs of seniors, promotion of intergenerational programs for the strengthening of the family of this local church, and information and support for adult children and other caregivers of seniors.
Still in its infancy, CSS has a small staff of two. The executive director is Deacon Dan Gannon (a permanent deacon of the LaCrosse Wis. diocese), and the development director is Deacon Bill Heiman.
If you have an interest in knowing more about CSS, or would like to learn how you can support these efforts, contact us at (651) 290-1621 or on the Web at http://www.catholicseniorservices.org.
Working together, with the help of CSS, this archdiocese can do a great deal to assist our seniors in facing the many challenges of growing old, and in the process — by keeping them close to our worshipping communities, just as Simeon and Anna were constantly in the Temple — learn a great deal from their faith and wisdom. |
Devise is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France. |
About Bitwings ($BWN) ICO & Project
Bitwings is the cryptocurrency of the Wings Mobile platform. Wings Mobile is developing products and devices designed to meet the needs of blockchain technology, including a reliable and secure payment system that is available worldwide. The platform is also developed with the understanding that mobile communications will become a main channel for sensitive information, and will require evolving security protocols.
Meets Advanced Security Needs of Blockchain Technology
The Wings Mobile team estimates the platform will target five problems with the market today:
Security and vulnerability of e-wallet accounts
Privacy
Equity
Null value in exchange
No guarantee of value and lack of credibility of projects based on cryptocurrencies
What is $BWN ICO?
$BWN Token Sale Details
Token type: ERC20
Soft cap: 30,000,000 BWN
Hard cap: 189,000,000 BWN
Total tokens: 300,000,000 BWN
$BWN Token Sale Rounds
ICO: 10/1/18 - 3/15/19
KYC/AML required: yes
For more information on $BWN tokenomics, download whitepaper pdf here. |
Mia Hansen-Love (born 5 February 1981) is a French movie director, screenwriter, and former actress.
Her first feature movie, All Is Forgiven, won the Louis Delluc Prize for Best First Film in 2007 along with Celine Sciamma's Water Lilies.
Hansen-Love's movie Father of My Children won the Special Jury Prize in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival.
In 2014, Hansen-Love was awarded the status of Chevalier in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.
In 2016, she won the Silver Bear for Best Director for her movie Things to Come at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival, as well as becoming a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. |
Q:
AWS Glue Job Flow
I have an ETL job in Glue that processes a very large (300M row) JDBC database table, but I really only need a subset (certain ids) from this table. When I do glueContext.create_dynamic_frame.from_catalog(database="legislators", table_name="persons") Does this load the entire table at this command? Is there a way to write a custom query to load only the data I need? Or if I follow this with another command say Filter or a spark SQL command on the DataFrame will that filter as the data is pulled?
A:
Well, when you run:
glueContext.create_dynamic_frame.from_catalog(database="legislators", table_name="persons")
It only creates a Spark DF reference.
Spark works with transformations (i.e. filter, map, select) and actions (i.e. collect, count, show). You can read more about it here How Apache Spark’s Transformations And Action works, but basically, your database table only will load to memory when a action is called. This is one of many reasons Spark is so powerful and recommended to work with any size dataset.
This PDF show all transformations and actions available and some samples using them.
So yes, you need do some steps before like:
df = glueContext.create_dynamic_frame.from_catalog(database="legislators", table_name="persons")
df = df.filter(YOUR_FILTER).select(SPECIFIC_COLS)
# Calling an action to show the filtered DF
df.show()
This will guarantee that you only load specific columns and rows to memory
|
Moyen-Ogooue is a province in Gabon. It has an area of . The provincial capital is Lambarene. As of 2013, 69,287 people lived there.
Bordering provinces
Estuaire Province - northwest
Woleu-Ntem Province - north-northeast
Ogooue-Ivindo Province - east
Ogooue-Lolo Province - southeast
Ngounie Province - south
Ogooue-Maritime Province - west-southwest
Departments
There are two departments:
Abanga-Bigne Department (capital Ndjole)
Ogooue et des Lacs Department (capital Lambarene) |
Q:
SQLite with JavaScript, creating function returning count of rows
i'm trying to create function that returns number of rows in my table in SQLite database using JavaScript with Apache Cordova 2.9.0 API. I encountered following problem, callback is executed after function returns something...
Here is the code: http://pastebin.com/eFin9yyJ
Alert "global yemp" pops earlier than "temp " + counter
I tried using some timeouts but weird things happened and i stuck
A:
What you probably want, is to take a callback function to your function as parameter, which is called with the value, when value is ready (DB has returned it). Example:
var cb = function(value) {
alert("Got value: " + value);
}
function getNumberOfRecords(name, callback) {
var temp = 0;
db.transaction(querySelect, onError);
function querySelect(tx) {
//results.rows.length
tx.executeSql("SELECT count(*) as counter from "+name, [], function (tx, results) {
alert(results.rows.item(0).counter);
temp = results.rows.item(0).counter;
alert("temp = "+ temp);
callback(temp);
},
function (error) {
console.log("Cannot read dat data!" + error.message + " z " + name);
});
}
}
getNumberOfRecords("as", cb);
In the example, we first declare function called cb, which takes one parameter (the value which is fetch from database). It is passed as argument to getNumberOfRecords, which again connects to database and gives the database a callback function, which is in your code anonymous function:
function (tx, results)
Database calls this function, when the data is found and then you call the initial cb function, which was given as parameter callback for the upper function, inside it with the value gotten from the database.
If you aren't that familiar with callbacks and asynchronous programming, please let me know so I can improve my answer to be more understandable.
|
Sir Henry Cooper OBE KSG KB (3 May 1934-1 May 2011) was an English heavyweight boxer known for the power of his left hook. People called it "Enry's 'Ammer" (Henry's hammer). He knocked down Muhammad Ali early in Ali's career. Cooper held the British, Commonwealth and European heavyweight titles several times. He unsuccessfully challenged Ali for the world heavyweight championship in 1966.
After he retired from boxing, Cooper was a television and radio personality. He was popular in Britain. He was the first (and is today one of just three people) to twice win the public vote for BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award. He is the only boxer to be awarded a knighthood. He is also named as one of the great Londoners in the "London Song" by Ray Davies on his 1998 album The Storyteller.
Cooper married an Italian Catholic woman and converted to her faith. |
You'd have to feel a bit sorry for poor old Wigan. They were promoted from the Championship in 2005 but it looks like their Premier League adventure is coming to an end and the Latics are now trading at 1/2 in the relegation market.
But that's to be expected when you've conceded 23 goals at home at this stage of the season and Blackburn, who have enjoyed a boost in form of late, can add to Wigan's misery by landing the double chance bet (win or draw), priced around 4/5.
Horse Racing:
Baby Run was a decent chaser in his day and the 11-year-old proved that he still has plenty of life left in him by winning the Foxhunter at Cheltenham in March. He unseated Sam Twiston-Davies when travelling reasonably well at Aintree last time, but he's reported to be fit and well at home and should have enough to take the Wilmot-Smith Memorial Cup, priced around 2/1 (3.50 Wetherby). |
An alga (plural algae) is a type of photosynthetic organism.
Alga may also refer to:
Places
Burkina Faso
Alga, Burkina Faso
Alga-Fulbe
Italy
San Giorgio in Alga, an island of the Venetian lagoon, northern Italy
Kazakhstan
Alga District
Alga, Kazakhstan, a town in the Alga District; one of a number of communities in Kazahstan with this name
Alga (Korday district)
Kyrgyzstan
Alga, Kadamjay, Kadamjay District, Batken Region
Alga, Leilek, Leilek District, Batken Region
Alga, Chuy District, Chuy District, Chuy Region
Alga, Jalal-Abad
Alga, Osh, Uzgen District, Osh Region
Other uses
AlGa, an aluminium-gallium alloy
"Alga!", a Crimean Tatar war cry. |
# encoding: utf-8
module EqualityMethodsSpecs
class Object
include Function::Predicate::Equality::Methods
end # class Object
end # module EqualityMethodsSpecs
|
Fausto Gresini (23 January 1961 - 23 February 2021) was an Italian Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He was World Champion in 1985 and 1987. He was in his later years team manager for the Aprilia Racing Team Gresini MotoGP team. He was born in Imola, Italy.
Gresini died on 23 February 2021 in Bologna, Italy from problems caused by COVID-19 at the age of 60. |
Q:
Does anyone have a BaaS alternative to Facebook's PARSE that can handle millions of requests?
I use Parse in a Freemium Multiplayer Quiz game that naturally needs a lot of users and a lot of data in order to generate any noteworthy income.
The problem is, after my Game table has reached over 500k entries, a simple PFQuery request to this table is not working any more and generating timeout after timeout.
Does anyone have a valid alternative that they have successfully used with millions of entries with an acceptable performance?
A:
As you may noticed Parse will be fully retired after a year-long period ending on January 28, 2017. You can find several alternatives for Parse.com depending upon your requirements.
I would recommend using Google's supported Firebase. It has several Good features like Realtime Database Synchronization, Offline support and Nice Documentation etc. See here for Compelte Feature Set
On the other hand, you can find a comprehensive list of Parse.com alternative here.
|
ZAPiT Games, Inc. was a company from Mississauga, Canada. It started in 2003 to make a home video game console for families. To do that, they worked with companies such as National Semiconductor, Panasonic and Altera to make the Game Wave Family Entertainment System.
ZAPiT Games also makes games for the BlackBerry and iPhone.
Game Wave Family Entertainment System
The Game Wave Family Entertainment System is a hybrid DVD player and video game console. That means it can play both DVDs and video games. It first came out in October 2005 during the seventh generation of video game consoles. The games for the system are trivia games, video game versions of traditional board or card games. |
The molecular basis of subtype selectivity of human kinin G-protein-coupled receptors.
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most important signal transducers in higher eukaryotes. Despite considerable progress, the molecular basis of subtype-specific ligand selectivity, especially for peptide receptors, remains unknown. Here, by integrating DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy with advanced molecular modeling and docking, the mechanism of the subtype selectivity of human bradykinin receptors for their peptide agonists has been resolved. The conserved middle segments of the bound peptides show distinct conformations that result in different presentations of their N and C termini toward their receptors. Analysis of the peptide-receptor interfaces reveals that the charged N-terminal residues of the peptides are mainly selected through electrostatic interactions, whereas the C-terminal segments are recognized via both conformations and interactions. The detailed molecular picture obtained by this approach opens a new gateway for exploring the complex conformational and chemical space of peptides and peptide analogs for designing GPCR subtype-selective biochemical tools and drugs. |
Blomard is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France. |
import { handleActions } from 'redux-actions';
import { TodoState } from '../../constants/models';
import {
CREATE_TODO,
DELETE_TODO,
CHANGE_TEXT,
} from '../../constants/actionTypes';
const todoReducers = handleActions({
CREATE_TODO: (state) => {
let todos = state.get('todos').push(state.get('todo'));
return state.set('todos', todos)
},
DELETE_TODO: (state, { payload }) => (
state.set('todos', state.get('todos').splice(payload.index, 1))
),
CHANGE_TEXT: (state, { payload }) => (
state.merge({ 'todo': payload })
)
}, TodoState);
export default todoReducers;
|
Cottrell James Hunter III (December 14, 1968 - November 28, 2021) was an American shot putter and coach. He was the 1999 World Champion. He was best known for his role in the BALCO scandal. He was also married to sprinter Marion Jones.
Hunter died on November 29, 2021, at the age of 52. |
Q:
How to create a double-side printable report?
I am using this code (\documentclass[12pt, twoside]{report}) to make my thesis able to print in double-side. I assume it should create some blank pages to have the chapters always in the right. But it doesn't. Any idea please?
A:
\documentclass[12pt,openright, twoside]{report}
|
Nagpur is a city in state of Maharashtra in India. It is in the centre of India. In the Marathi language, nag means snake and pur means city. The city is called Nagpur because of the Nag river in this city which flows like a snake. It is the winter capital of Maharashtra. After Mumbai and Pune, Nagpur is the third largest city in Maharashtra. It is a very clean city. It was selected as the second greenest city of India.
Many oranges are grown in this city, so it is also called Orange City. |
Q:
unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value thread:1 bad instruction
Does anybody know the reason for this error that occurred when setting the text property for UILabel in my custom UITableViewCell in the cellForRowAtIndexPath method?
Thread 1: EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION (code=EXC_I386_INVOP, subcode=0x0)
A:
Looks to me like you're trying to access a UILabel on the 'bookCell' UITableViewCell directly & set its text. UILabels in this scenario are usually Optionals - so you need to first unwrap the optional (to make sure its value is actually present - i.e. non-nil).
Give this a try and let me know if it helps!
if let b = cell.bookPoster {
b.text = "Hello World"
}
If that fixes the error, I recommend reading up on Optionals.
|
Fantasmagorie is a hand drawn animated movie made in 1908 by Emile Cohl. It is one of the first animated cartoons ever made. |
Thermal sweat lactate in cystic fibrosis and in normal children.
We attempt to determine whether the decrease in Na+ reabsorption and the increase in K+ secretion in sweat of cystic fibrosis patients (CF) were associated with changes in glandular anaerobic metabolism evaluated by forehead sweat lactate excretion rate. 6 CF and 11 normal (C) children, 5 months to 14 years old, were exposed to external thermal load (45 degrees C). The data showed that: 1) Na+, K+ and Cl- concentrations in CF are constant at any flow rate (Qsw); 2) In both groups the excretion rates of Na+, K+ and Cl- increased linearly with Qsw but the slopes in CF were significantly higher than in C (p less than 0.001); 3) Lactate excretion rate increased with Qsw as in CF and C with the same slope. We suggest that an increase in energy expenditure of Na+ - K+ exchange and an active secretion of K+ by the duct could explain the normal energy metabolism that we observed in CF sweat glands. |
A censer is a container made for burning incense or perfume in some solid form. They are very ancient and have many different forms and are made out of many different materials. Many designs have holes to allow a flow of air. In many cultures, burning incense has spiritual and religious connotations, and this influences the design and decoration of the censer.
In Western contexts, "censer" is often used for pieces made for religious use, especially those on chains that are swung through the air to spread the incense smoke widely. |
MANILA – South Korean authorities have expressed alarm over the deaths of Korean nationals in the country, and said they are "bothered" by reports of seven cases around the Philippines.
“In seven cases all over the Philippines, only one is solved. We are bothered,” said Kim Wan-Joong, director general of the South Korean Overseas Koreans and Consular Affairs Bureau.
However, Kim Dae Hee, consul at the South Korean Embassy, said they are “very satisfied” with the progress of the PNP’s investigation.
On October 12, the Philippine National Police (PNP) formed task force “Sooyungjung” to speed up its investigation into the deaths of three Koreans in Pampanga, which may have involved money.
“May mga inagrabyado silang negosyante, so posible na Korean din ang suspect,” said Police Chief Superintendent Aaron Aquino, regional director of the Central Luzon police.
South Korean police attaches visited the office of the PNP’s Regional Director for Central Luzon to get updates on the status of the investigation on the case involving the deaths of Sim Tae So, Maeng Jungyeon, and Park Yungfil, who were killed in Bacolor, Pampanga last month. |
Dario Ripoll Herrera (San Pedro Garza Garcia; May 16 of 1970) is a actor Mexican of cinema, theater and television known as Luis SanRoman in the series Neighbors and the portrayed as Cardenas in Because love commands.
Career
Dario Ripoll studied a Bachelor of Acting at the National School of Theater Art of the INBA. He has taken acting training courses and acting specialization in cinema, with the directors: Nacho Ortiz, Joaquin Bissner and Luis Felipe Tovar.
With more than 20 years of artistic career, he has participated in more than 15 theatrical works, among which stand out: Invisible Cities, Just Let's Get Out, The Suspicious Truth, Theatrical Blood, The Man of La Mancha, Chicago the Musical, Los Miserables, One Eva and Two Louts, The Rebel Novice, The Wife's Game and Peter Pan.
In cinema, his participation in the following feature films stands out: 7 Days, The Librarian, Artificial Lights, The Just, Divine Confusion, The Last Death and Tooth for a Tooth.
On television he has participated in soap operas such as: The most beautiful ugly, I love Juan Querendon, Alma de Hierro, A lucky family and in series such as The Simulators, Thirteen Fears, Los Heroes del Norte, Hermanos y Detectives, Addicts , XY, Mujeres Asesinas 3, La Familia Peluche (third season), Neighbors where he played Luis San Roman (the bipolar) and his most recent participation in the telenovela "Because love commands" as Licenciado Cardenas.
He also played the character of Guason in the Spanish dubbing of the video game "Batman: Arkham Origins".
Trajectory
Telenovelas
Educating Nina (2018) - Van Damme
The pilot (2017) - Eladio "El Bochas"
My heart is yours (2015) - Judge at Ana and Fernando's Wedding
Because love rules (2012-2013) - Oliverio Cardenas
A lucky family (2011-2012) - Raymundo "Ray Pelonch"
Iron soul (2008-2009) - Monchi
I love Juan Querendon (2007-2008) - Oswaldo Ibarra
The most beautiful ugly (2006-2007) - Eder Roza del Moral
TV series
Forever Joan Sebastian (2016) - Chucho Rendon
Logout (2015) - Harmony
The Plush Family (2012) - Plush Police
Star2 (2012) - Various characters
Los Simuladores (2008) - Partner of the construction company
Neighbors (2005-2008 / 2012/2017-Present) - Luis San Roman
Furcio (2000-2002)
Dubbing
Batman: Arkham Origins (2013) - Joker (voice)
Batman: Arkham Knight (2015) - Joker (voice) |
Badminton at the 2019 Pan American Games – Men's doubles
The men's doubles badminton event at the 2019 Pan American Games will be held from July 30 – August 2nd at the Polideportivo 3 in Lima, Peru. The defending Pan American Games champion is Phillip Chew and Sattawat Pongnairat of the United States.
Each National Olympic Committee could enter a maximum of four athletes (two pairs) into the competition. The athletes will be drawn into an elimination stage draw. Once a team lost a match, it will be not longer be able to compete. Each match will be contested as the best of three games.
Seeds
The following pairs were seeded:
(Champions)
(Final)
Results
Bracket
References
External links
Tournament software results
Men's doubles |
Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah ( Taarak Mehta's inverted spectacles; sometimes abbreviated as TMKOC) is an Indian Hindi Language television sitcom. One of India's longest running television shows, it is produced by Neela Tele Films. The show went on air on 28 July 2008. It airs from Monday to Saturday on SAB TV. Reruns of the show started on Sony Pal from 2 November 2015.
The show is based on the column Duniya Ne Undha Chashma written by columnist and journalist/playwright Taarak Mehta for the Gujarati weekly magazine Chitralekha.
Plot
The series takes place at the Gokuldham Co-operative Society, an apartment complex in Powder Gali, Goregaon East, Mumbai around Gada Family which consists of a successful businessman Jethalal Champaklal Gada, his father Champaklal Jayantilal Gada, his wife Daya and their naughty son Tipendra Gada (Tapu) who is the leader of his friend circle called "Tapu Sena."
Jethalal calls his father Champaklal to keep an eye on Tapu but the opposite happens and he joins hands with Tapu. Most of the episodes are based on Jethalal being stuck in a problem and Taarak Mehta, his best friend, helps him out of it whom Jethalal calls "Fire Brigade."
The show covers topical issues which are socially relevant. The residents of Gokuldham faces daily life problems and finds solutions for it but with a moral value too in a hilarious manner. Although Gokuldham Society consists of 50 flats but the show mostly focuses on the lives of the families, that are of; Jethalal Champaklal Gada, a Gujarati; Taarak Mehta, who is from Rajasthan; Aatmaram Tukaram Bhide, who belongs to Marathi culture; Dr. Hansraj Hathi, a Bihari overweight doctor; Krishnan Iyer, a scientist from Chennai but has a Bengali wife; Roshan Singh Sodhi, A Punjabi but has a Parsi wife and Patrakaar Popatlal from Bhopal, a bachelor from eleven years. They always help each-other in their problems, to promote Unity in Diversity.
Cast and Characters
Main
Gada Family:
Dilip Joshi as Jethalal Champaklal Gada (2008-present)
Disha Vakani as Daya Jethalal Gada (2008-2017)
Amit Bhatt as Champaklal Jayantilal Gada (2008-present)
Bhavya Gandhi / Raj Anadkat / Nitish Bhaluni as Tipendra Jethalal Gada (Tapu) (2008-2017/2017-2022/2023-present)
Mehta Family:
Shailesh Lodha / Sachin Shroff as Taarak Mehta (2008-2022 / 2022-present)
Neha Mehta / Sunanya Fozdar as Anjali Mehta (2008-2020/2020-present)
Iyer Family:
Tanuj Mahashabde as Krishnan Subramaniam Iyer (2008-present)
Munmun Dutta as Babita Iyer (2008-present)
Bhide Family:
Mandar Chandwadkar as Aatmaram Tukaram Bhide (2008-present)
Sonalika Joshi as Madhavi Aatmaram Bhide (2008-present)
Jheel Mehta / Nidhi Bhanushali / Palak Sidhwani as Sonalika Aatmaram Bhide (Sonu) (2008-2012/2012-2019/2019-present)
Sodhi Family:
Gurcharan Singh / Laad Singh Mann / Balvinder Singh as Harjeet Singh Sodhi (2008-2013,2014-2020/2013-2014/2020-present)
Jennifer Mistry Banshiwal / Dilkhush Reporter / Jennifer Mistry Banshiwal as Roshan Kaur Sodhi (2008-2013,2016-2023/2013-2016)
Samay Shah as Gurcharan Singh Sodhi (Gogi) (2008-present)
Hathi Family:
Nirmal Soni / Kavi Kumar Azad / Nirmal Soni as Dr. Hansraj Hathi (2008-2009,2018-present/2009-2018)
Ambika Ranjankar as Komal Hathi (2008-present)
Kush Shah as Gulabkumar Hathi (Goli) (2008-present)
Others:
Azhar Shaik as Pankaj Diwan Sahay (Pinku) (2008-present)
Sharad Sankla as Abdul (2008-present)
Shyam Pathak as Patrakar Popatlal Bhagwati Pandey (2009-present)
Ghanashyam Nayak as Natwarlal Prabhashankar Udhaiwala (Nattu Kaka) (2008-2020)
Tanmay Vekaria as Bagheshawar Dadukh Udhaiwala (Bagha) (2011-present)
Monika Bhadoriya / Navina Wadekaras as Bawri Dhondulal Kanpuria (2013-2019/2023-present)
Mayur Vakani as Sundarlal (2008-present)
Priya Ahuja / Mihika Verma as Rita Srivastava (2009-2010,2013-present/2010-2013)
Daya Shankar Pandey as Inspector Chalu Pandey (2010-present)
Asitkumarr Modi as himself (2008-present)
Guests |
# ASP.NET Core (.NET Framework)
# Build and test ASP.NET Core projects targeting the full .NET Framework.
# Add steps that publish symbols, save build artifacts, and more:
# https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/devops/pipelines/languages/dotnet-core
trigger:
- master
pool:
vmImage: 'windows-latest'
variables:
solution: '**/*.sln'
buildPlatform: 'Any CPU'
buildConfiguration: 'Release'
steps:
- task: NuGetToolInstaller@1
- task: NuGetCommand@2
inputs:
restoreSolution: '$(solution)'
- task: VSBuild@1
inputs:
solution: '$(solution)'
msbuildArgs: '/p:DeployOnBuild=true /p:WebPublishMethod=Package /p:PackageAsSingleFile=true /p:SkipInvalidConfigurations=true /p:DesktopBuildPackageLocation="$(build.artifactStagingDirectory)\WebApp.zip" /p:DeployIisAppPath="Default Web Site"'
platform: '$(buildPlatform)'
configuration: '$(buildConfiguration)'
- task: VSTest@2
inputs:
platform: '$(buildPlatform)'
configuration: '$(buildConfiguration)'
|
Ukrainian Railways () is a state-owned company of rail transport in Ukraine. It controls the majority of the railroad transportation in Ukraine. It's total track length is nearly 23,000 km. Ukrainian Railways company is the number 13 largest railway company in the world. Ukrainian Railways is the world's 6th largest rail passenger transporter.
The company employs more than 403,000 people.
History
Ukrainian Railways company is the successor of the railways company founded in 1861 in Russian empire.
Since the independence of Ukraine, the company is the major railways transporter and the only owner of all tracks in Ukraine.
It's main office is in Kyiv, Ukraine. |
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to surgical implants for the enhancement of appearance and operation of organs and more particularly to a penile implant enabling a damaged penis or penis function to be restored to full sexual function.
2. Description of Related Art
The following art defines the present state of this field:
Nunokawa, U.S. Des. 376,011 describes a synthetic vascular prosthesis design.
Small et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,893,456 describes a prosthesis for implantation in the penis to provide a flaccid penis with rigidified dimensions of length and of width, and with the property of flexural stiffness. The prosthesis is used in pairs, each of which is a one-piece member that includes a composite rod having a dimension of axial length and, for the major proportion of its length, is composed of two physically distinct bodies which are integrally joined to each other, one of which is more resistant to bending and to compressive deformation than the other, and ap rong extending from said rod, said prong decreasing in lateral cross-section as it extends away from the rod. One of the bodies is stiffly flexible. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the first of the bodies is a tube of solid material having an inner wall and an outer wall, the inner wall defining an axially extending cavity, the second body filling the cavity, the said first body being the one which is stiffly flexible. The second body is preferably made of a gel or of a foam.
Timm et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,987,789 describes a prosthesis adapted to be implanted in the penis for simulating an erection is disclosed herein. The prosthesis includes an elongated, malleable rod portion which is housed within a generally tubular, physiologically inert plastic body. The malleable rod portion enables the prosthesis to be conformed to a variety of shapes by bending or twisting same. During intercourse the prosthesis will maintain the penis in an erectile state, and afterwards the penis may be positioned and maintained by the prosthesis in a convenient, comfortable position.
Finney, U.S. Pat. No. 4,204,530 describes an implantable sleeve for increasing the penile diameter including a flexible sheet of soft, physiologically acceptable implantable material, said sheet being of sufficient length when formed in the general shape of a cylindrical sleeve to extend from the glans penis to the base of the penis and of a width which is insufficient to completely encircle the, penis, but sufficient to cover the corpora cavernosa. The sheet preferably has edges which are rounded and tapered side edges. The sleeve also includes suturing strips on the inside wall of the sleeve adjacent the side edges of the sheet which facilitate the suturing of the sheet to the tunica albuginea. The sleeve further includes porous patches located on the interior of the inside wall of the sleeve into which fibroblasts from the underlying tissues can grow to further anchor the sleeve to the tunica albuginea. In the preferred embodiment, the sheet is of very soft, medical grade silicone elastomer, and suturing strips are of Dacron fabric and the porous patches are of Dacron fabric or fluff.
Trick, U.S. Pat. No. 4,483,331 describes an improved rod-type penile implant having a relatively stiff proximal portion for positioning inside the corpus cavernosum adjacent the pubis for supporting the implant, a longer relatively stiff distal portion for positioning in the corpus cavernosum of the pendulous penis and a hinge separating the distal and proximal portions, the improvement which comprises a distal portion including a reinforced inner core having a main body of relatively stiff material which is united to an outer tubular sleeve of fabric having a relatively high tensile strength so that the main body and fabric sleeve act together to increase the stiffness of the inner core.
Masters, U.S. Pat. No. 4,669,456 describes an implantable, positionable penile prosthesis which comprises an elastomeric rod and a metal wire coil coaxially imbedded within at least a portion of the rod. The coil has a radius, number of turns per unit length, and wire diameter which combines with the elastomeric rod for substantially retaining the position into which the prosthesis is bent and for inhibiting fatigue of the metal wire coil when the prosthesis is repeatedly bent for positioning.
Westrum, Jr. et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,512,033 describes a malleable penile prosthesis adapted to be implanted in a corpus cavernosum of a penis comprising an elongated core which is bendable about its longitudinal axis with the capability of holding the configuration to which it is bent and is substantially rigid when in the unbent straight configuration, a sleeve of braided biocompatible material, having an inner surface and an outer surface, enveloping the core with the inner surface of the sleeve in contact with the core and the sleeve and core being accommodated within an outer tube of elastomeric material, which tube has a substantially rounded smooth outer surface and an inner surface having a profile formed of alternate grooves and ribs in a substantially helical arrangement. A method of forming a malleable prosthesis is also disclosed.
Subrini, U.S. Pat. No. 6,015,380 describes an extra cavernosal penile implant which can be used to increase penile volume. The implant includes two cheeks independent from one another which are adapted to cover the outer lateral sides of the corpus cavernosum without covering the upper and lower sides thereof. Each of the cheeks has a crescent-shaped or hemicylindrical vertical cross-section. Each cheek also includes a distal end which is adapted to conform to the anatomy of the sulcus of the glans and includes for this purpose an oblique planar end surface which slants from the distal end toward the proximal end of the implant in a direction from the outer surface to the inner surface of the implant which is designed to cover the corpus cavernosum.
Moreira de Azeredo, WO 86/01398 describes a penile rigidity prosthesis for the treatment of erectile impotence in men including at least one penile implant comprising an elongated malleable cylindrical body adapted to be surgically implanted in the corpus cavernosum of the penis; said body having a rounded front tip and an anatomical design at the end; the outer sheet of the cylinder is made of harder elastic material while the inner of considerably softer one; embedded in this material there is a core of twisted metal wires. In the variable size type the wires are fixed into a screw, allowing intermediate small cylinder extensions and a tail end to be screwed all together.
The prior art teaches the use of a subcutaneously implanted tube to rigidize the penis, but does not teach the use of certain contours that provide structural advantages. The present invention fulfills these needs and provides further related advantages as described in the following summary.
The present invention teaches certain benefits in construction and use which give rise to the objectives described below.
A penile implant apparatus comprising: an arced, elongated body providing a wall thickness varying circumferentially from a maximum thickness at a top longitudinally directed surface, to a minimum thickness along a pair of bottom, longitudinally directed and spaced apart edges. The wall thickness further varies longitudinally from the maximum thickness at a proximal circumferential edge to the minimum thickness at a distal circumferential edge. The apparatus is preferably made of silicone rubber, has a length and size enabling implantation subcutaneously within the human penis and provides sufficient rigidity for enabling coitus while still being flexible enough to be conveniently positioned when not involved in coitus.
A primary objective of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method of use of such apparatus that provides advantages not taught by the prior art.
Another objective is to provide such an invention capable of providing rigidity to the human penis so as to enable coitus in a penis without the aid of normal erectile function.
A further objective is to provide such an invention capable of providing the necessary rigidity to the penis while providing an appropriate tapered appearance.
A still further objective is to provide such an invention capable of being cut to length to fit a wide range of human males.
A still further objective is to enable surgical implantation without removal of existing organ portions or related tissues. |
Croatia national football team is the national football team of Croatia. The team reached the final of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, but lost to France 4-2.
Most appearances
Top scorers |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to low emissivity coatings. More specifically, the present invention relates to multilayer coatings for controlling thermal radiation from substrates transparent to visible light.
2. Discussion of the Background
Solar control coatings on transparent panels or substrates are designed to permit the passage of visible light while blocking infrared (IR) radiation. High visible transmittance, low emissivity coatings on, e.g., architectural glass and automobile windows can lead to substantial savings in costs associated with environmental control, such as heating and cooling costs.
Generally speaking, coatings that provide for high visible transmittance and low emissivity are made up of a stack of films. The stack includes one or more thin metallic films, with high IR reflectance and low transmissivity, disposed between anti-reflective dielectric layers. The IR reflective metallic films may be virtually any reflective metal, such as silver, copper, or gold. Silver (Ag) is most frequently used for this application due to its relatively neutral color. The anti-reflective dielectric layers are generally metal oxides selected to minimize visible reflectance and enhance visible transmittance.
Conventional low emissivity coatings generally strive to maintain reflection relatively constant throughout the visible spectrum so that the coating has a “neutral” color; i.e., is essentially colorless. However, conventional low-emissivity coatings fail to provide the extremes of reflected color required for aesthetic and other reasons by certain applications.
To achieve the desired properties in a coated substrate, the composition and thickness of each of the layers of a multilayer coating must be chosen carefully. For example, the thickness of an IR reflective layer such as Ag must be chosen carefully. It is well known that the emissivity of a Ag film tends to decrease with decreasing Ag sheet resistance. Thus, to obtain a low emissivity Ag film, the sheet resistance of the Ag film should be as low as possible. Because film surfaces and pinholes in very thin Ag films contribute to sheet resistance, increasing Ag film thickness to separate film surfaces and eliminate pinholes can decrease sheet resistance. However, increasing Ag film thickness will also cause visible transmission to decrease. It would be desirable to be able to increase visible transmission by decreasing Ag film thickness without increasing sheet resistance and emissivity.
Thin, transparent metal films of Ag are susceptible to corrosion (e.g., staining) when they are brought into contact, under moist or wet conditions, with various staining agents, such as atmosphere-carried chlorides, sulfides, sulfur dioxide and the like. To protect the Ag layers, various barrier layers can be deposited on the Ag. However, the protection provided by conventional barrier layers is frequently inadequate.
Coated glass is used in a number of applications where the coating is exposed to elevated temperatures. For example, coatings on glass windows in self-cleaning kitchen ovens are repeatedly raised to cooking temperatures of 120-230° C., with frequent excursions to, e.g., 480° C. during cleaning cycles. In addition, when coated glass is tempered or bent, the coating is heated along with the glass to temperatures on the order of 600° C. and above for periods of time up to several minutes. These thermal treatments can cause the optical properties of Ag coatings to deteriorate irreversibly. This deterioration can result from oxidation of the Ag by oxygen diffusing across layers above and below the Ag. The deterioration can also result from reaction of the Ag with alkaline ions, such as sodium (Na+), migrating from the glass. The diffusion of the oxygen or alkaline ions can be facilitated and amplified by the deterioration or structural modification of the dielectric layers above and below the Ag. Coatings must be able to withstand these elevated temperatures. However, multilayer coatings employing Ag as an infrared reflective film frequently cannot withstand such temperatures without some deterioration of the Ag film.
It would be desirable to provide low emissivity, multilayer coatings exhibiting any of a wide range of colors, along with improved chemical, thermal and mechanical stability. |
Gerard Xavier Marcel Depardieu (born 27 December 1948) is a French actor, movie producer and director. He was born in Chateauroux, Indre. He is one of the most prolific actors in film history, having completed approximately 170 movies since 1967.
He won the Cesar Award for Best Actor for his performances in The Last Metro (1980). He received the Venice Film Festival Award for Best Actor in Police (1985). For Cyrano de Bergerac (1990) he won the Cannes Film Festival for Best Actor, his second Cesar Award and his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. Depardieu won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor for his role in Green Card.
He lives in Belgium. In 2013 he was granted Russian citizenship. |
782 S.W.2d 414 (1989)
Bill HERRON, Appellant,
v.
Bobby WHITESIDE, et al., Respondents.
No. WD 41876.
Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District.
November 21, 1989.
Motion for Rehearing and/or Transfer Denied January 2, 1990.
*415 Bill Herron, Jefferson City, pro se.
William L. Webster, Atty. Gen., Kevin M.J. Crane, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jefferson City, for respondents.
Before BERREY, J., Presiding, and TURNAGE and ULRICH, JJ.
Motion for Rehearing and/or Transfer to Supreme Court Denied January 2, 1990.
PER CURIAM:
Bill Herron, an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary, appeals summary judgment in favor of the named prison employees. The judgment is affirmed.
In a pleading captioned "Petition for Breach of Duty," Mr. Herron alleged that seven named prison employees negligently or intentionally failed to safeguard his personal property left in his cell when he appeared in court outside the prison on December 16, 1985. He escaped. Mr. Herron alleges that in his absence prison employees gave away his property or allowed other inmates to remove it from his cell, and the property was not returned to him. He sought $6,561.68 in compensatory damages and $5,000 in punitive damages.
One year after Mr. Herron filed the petition and after extensive discovery, the defendants moved for summary judgment asserting that Mr. Herron abandoned his property when he escaped on December 16, 1985. Mr. Herron was charged with the crime of escape and armed criminal action. In support of the motion, the prison employees submitted the transcript of Mr. Herron's criminal jury trial which ended in his conviction of both charges.
The criminal trial transcript reveals the following pertinent facts: On December 16, 1985, Mr. Herron was taken in restraints from the penitentiary in Jefferson City to Columbia for a scheduled court appearance. After Mr. Herron completed his business with the court, a prison officer escorted him to an awaiting state vehicle outside the court house. As the officer was attempting to place Mr. Herron in the vehicle, Mr. Herron hesitated. At that moment, Rory Nitcher, a former cell mate of Mr. Herron, jumped from behind a car wielding a sawed-off shotgun, pointed the weapon at the officer, and ordered the officer not to move. Mr. Herron got into a light blue car and was soon joined by Mr. Nitcher who drove away. Later that day the police arrested Mr. Nitcher in the lobby of a Columbia hotel and learned that Mr. Herron was barricaded in a room at that hotel. After lengthy negotiations, the police recaptured Mr. Herron. The police found a sawed-off shotgun, ammunition, various tools including a bolt cutter, broken prison restraints, cans of hair dye, and makeup in Mr. Herron's hotel room when he was apprehended.
In suggestions in opposition to the motion for summary judgment, Mr. Herron admitted his escape but denied any intent to abandon or relinquish ownership of his personal property. Mr. Herron stated in his affidavit filed in support of his opposing suggestions that when he escaped he knew that he would eventually be apprehended and returned to the prison.
After a hearing at which both sides presented oral argument, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of the defendant prison employees. The court concluded in its findings that "by escaping and failing to return of his own free will, plaintiff abandoned the personal property in his cell and forsook any right to expect defendants to safeguard such property against his possible but uncertain return."
In an untimely motion for new trial and a motion pursuant to Rule 74.06(b), Mr. Herron *416 sought to set aside the summary judgment on other grounds. He contended that his escape was motivated by fear for his own safety at the penitentiary. Overruling that motion following a hearing, the trial court found that Mr. Herron failed to make the requisite showing of mistake, inadvertence, surprise, excusable neglect, fraud, misrepresentation, misconduct, or irregularity to warrant relief under Rule 74.06(b).
Mr. Herron argues that summary judgment was inappropriately granted because genuine issues of material fact exist regarding the circumstances of his escape. Contending lack of any intent to abandon the personal property left in his prison cell, he maintains that at the time of his escape he knew that he would be recaptured and that he fled out of fear for his own safety.
Mr. Herron's asserted claim that fear motivated his escape was not properly presented to the trial court. He advanced no theory of justification during the criminal proceedings nor during the civil proceedings before the granting of summary judgment. The record demonstrates that Mr. Herron had ample opportunity to engage in discovery, submit written motions and suggestions, and to participate in hearings. The trial court's denial of relief under Rule 74.06(b) was not an abuse of discretion.
This case presents issues concerning the abandonment of personal property. Because summary judgment was utilized, resolution of those issues necessitates reference to the procedural law of summary judgment and to the substantive law of abandonment.
Summary judgment must be sustained if there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Rule 74.04(c). It is no longer necessary for the movant to show entitlement to summary judgment by unassailable proof. Hayes v. Hatfield, 758 S.W.2d 470, 472 (Mo.App. 1988). "There is no issue for trial unless there is sufficient evidence favoring the nonmoving party for a jury to return a verdict for that party ... If the evidence is merely colorable ... or is not significantly probative ... summary judgment may be granted." American Bank of Princeton v. Stiles, 731 S.W.2d 332, 338 (Mo.App. 1987) (quoting Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986)). Summary judgment is an appropriate vehicle for assertion of an affirmative defense entitling a party to judgment as a matter of law. Kennon v. Citizens Mutual Insurance Co., 666 S.W.2d 782, 784 (Mo.App.1984).
Abandonment is the voluntary relinquishment of ownership so that the property ceases to be the property of any person and becomes the subject of appropriation by the first taker. Wirth v. Heavey, 508 S.W.2d 263, 267 (Mo.App.1974). Abandonment of property requires intent plus an act. Id. A sufficient act is one that manifests a conscious purpose and intention of the owner of personal property neither to use nor to retake the property into his possession. Id. Intention to abandon may be inferred from strong and convincing evidence and may be shown by conduct clearly inconsistent with any intention to retain and continue the use or ownership of the property. Wilson v. Wheeler Farms, Inc., 591 S.W.2d 287, 289 (Mo.App.1979); Wirth, 508 S.W.2d at 267; see Russell v. Allen, 496 S.W.2d 290, 294 (Mo.App.1973). The reasons for abandoning property and the motives inducing the abandonment are not an element or factor thereof, and in this sense the abandoning owner's intentions are not material. 1 C.J.S. Abandonment § 5 (1985); The abandonment is complete at the moment the intention to abandon and the relinquishment of possession unite. Id. at § 4; 1 AM.JUR.2d Abandoned, Lost, and Unclaimed Property § 16 (1962). Abandonment may be declared as a matter of law where all the essential facts are admitted or indisputably proved and the inferences to be drawn from them are certain and free from doubt. 1 C.J.S. supra § 11; 1 AM.JUR.2d supra § 39.
Applying the stated principles, Mr. Herron's escape from confinement constitutes, as a matter of law, abandonment of the personal property he left at the penitentiary. The parties admit the fact of Mr. Herron's escape revealed by the criminal *417 trial transcript. At issue is what inferences can be drawn from that fact. Mr. Herron's admitted escape convincingly implies that, at the moment of his escape, he intended and acted to permanently separate himself from his property. The act of escape is unequivocally inconsistent with any intention to retain ownership of property left at the penitentiary. Within the context of abandonment as a matter of law, Mr. Herron's claim that he expected to be apprehended eventually, even if true, is insufficiently probative to inject a genuine issue of material fact.
Once proved, as here, abandonment divests the former owner of title to the property so that it becomes as to him as if he had never had any right to interest in it. Wirth, 508 S.W.2d at 267. Abandonment of personalty constitutes a complete defense to conversion and likewise to any cause of action in which the plaintiff's ownership is essential. See Id. Therefore, the prison employees' proof of abandonment provides a complete defense to Mr. Herron's cause of action against them.
Finding no error, the summary judgment is affirmed.
|
Neem is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is native to India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Pakistan. It grows in tropical and semi-tropical regions. It was also the state tree of Hyderabad Deccan.
Neem is a fast-growing tree in India that can reach up to 15-20 m (about 50-65 feet) tall, and sometimes even to 35-40 m (115-131 feet). It is evergreen. It is found in some major parts of Tamil nadu like tuticorin,tirunelveli ,etc.
Uses
Products made from neem have been used in India for over two millennia for their medicinal properties. They are said to be antifungal, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, contraceptive and sedative. Neem products are also used in selectively controlling pests in plants. Neem is considered a part of Ayurvedic medicine.
Neem is also known as the' village pharmacy'. All parts of neem are used for preparing many different medicines, especially for skin disease.
A compound from the Neem tree can be used as a spermicide .
Neem oil is used for preparing cosmetics (soap and shampoo, ozone as well as lotions and others), and is useful for skin care such as acne treatment. Neem oil has been used effectively as a mosquito repellent.
Neem is useful for damaging over 500 types of insects, mites, ticks, and nematodes, by changing the way they grow and act. Neem does not normally kill pests right away, rather it slows their growth and drives them away. As neem products are cheap and not poisonous to animals and friendly insects, they are good for pest control
In the UK, plant protection products that contain azadirachtin, the active ingredient of neem oil, are illegal. |
CITY OF MARIETTA, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
CSX TRANSPORTATION, INC., Defendant-Appellee.
No. 98-8436.
United States Court of Appeals,
Eleventh Circuit.
Sept. 8, 2000.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (No. 96-03509-1-CV-
MHS); Marvin H. Shoob, Judge.
Before EDMONDSON, COX and MARCUS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
This is our second opinion in this appeal in which the City of Marietta seeks to reverse summary
judgment in favor of CSX Transportation on the City's claims arising from CSX's closure of two pedestrian
railroad crossings. See City of Marietta v. CSX Transp., 196 F.3d 1300 (11th Cir.1999). In the first opinion,
we asked the Georgia Supreme Court whether "the public [can] acquire a right against the State of Georgia,
and hence against its lessee CSX, to use the crossings at Depot and Dobbs Streets, such that the streets may
not be closed without Marietta's consent?" Id. at 1309.
The Georgia Supreme Court has now answered the question "in the negative." City of Marietta v.
CSX Transp., 272 Ga. 612, 615, --- S.E.2d ---- (2000). As we observed in certifying the question, a "no"
would be dispositive of all of the City of Marietta's Georgia-law claims. See City of Marietta, 196 F.3d at
1307-08. The Georgia Supreme Court has not corrected our reading of Georgia law on that point, and we
therefore conclude that the district court's summary judgment in CSX's favor must be
AFFIRMED.
|
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a law of the United States. It made it easier for African-Americans and non-English speaking citizens to vote. In some parts of the United States, people were forced to pay a poll tax or take a literacy test before being allowed to vote. This process kept many African-Americans from voting. The Voting Rights Act made all of those practices illegal.
1965 in the United States
African-American history
Democratic rights
United States federal legislation
1960s in law |
544 F.Supp. 841 (1982)
Erna G. SIMMONS, Plaintiff,
v.
Edward J. OCEAN, Defendant.
Civ. No. 93/1981.
District Court, Virgin Islands, D. St. Croix.
August 16, 1982.
*842 Michael S. McLaurin, Christiansted, St. Croix, V. I., for plaintiff.
John B. Nichols, Christiansted, St. Croix, V. I., for defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
O'BRIEN, District Judge.
Defendant, Edward J. Ocean ("Ocean"), has moved to dismiss the plaintiff's complaint for legal malpractice on the grounds that it is barred by the two year statute of limitations. For the reasons which follow, this Court finds that the claim of plaintiff, Erna J. Simmons ("Simmons"), is time barred by the two year statute of limitations and will therefore grant defendant's motion and dismiss the action.
FACTS
In her verified complaint filed with this Court on April 9, 1981, Simmons basically claims that Ocean was negligent in the handling of certain legal matters which he performed, or failed to perform, for her.[1] Simmons first retained Ocean after she was discharged from her job of 19 years at the Department of Public Safety, allegedly for political and/or non-merit reasons. Ocean was retained by, and represented, Simmons at the hearing before the Government Employees *843 Service Commission ("GESC") on March 18, 1975, appealing her termination. Simmons contends that although an unfavorable decision was rendered against her on April 1, 1975, Ocean failed to notify her of such decision. It was not until July 28, 1975 that Simmons allegedly learned of the GESC's determination, at which time the 30 days in which an appeal could have been filed had expired.
At Simmon's request, Ocean then filed a Petition for Writ of Review of the GESC decision on August 20, 1975 in the District Court. According to Simmons, Ocean prepared this pleading improperly and as a result the District Court denied the Petition for Review. Thereafter, in November, 1975, Ocean filed a Motion for Reconsideration of the denial of the Petition for Review, which motion was denied on July 12, 1978, some 2½ years later.
During the period in which the Motion for Reconsideration was being decided by the District Court, Simmons complained by letter dated June 20, 1978, to the V.I. Bar Association Committee on Professional Ethics and Grievances (the "Committee") about Ocean's alleged negligent legal representation of her cause. As stated previously, the Motion for Reconsideration was finally denied on July 12, 1978. It appears to this Court that the Committee concluded its investigation on September 25, 1978, as evidenced by a letter from the Committee to Simmons on that date. Nevertheless, Simmons steadfastly maintains that the investigation concluded on June 20, 1979.[2]
Plaintiff's action for legal malpractice was instituted on April 9, 1982. This Court, in Ingvoldstad v. Young, 1982 St. X Supp. ___ (D.V.I. May 13, 1982), has previously held that legal malpractice is subject to the general tort two year statute of limitations in 5 V.I.C. § 31(5)(A). To prevent her claim from being time barred, Simmons avers that the two year statute of limitations should not commence to run until June 20, 1979, the date on which she claims the Committee's investigation regarding Ocean's alleged negligence was terminated.[3]
Section 31(5)(A) of Title 5 of the V.I. Code provides that a civil action shall be commenced within two years "after the cause of action shall have accrued." Under the traditional view, a statute of limitations begins to run upon the occurrence of the essential facts which constitute the cause of action. Wilcox v. Executors of Plummer, 29 U.S. (4 Pet.) 172, 180, 7 L.Ed. 821 (1830). This means that with respect to an attorney's negligent act or omission, the action accrues at the time of such negligent act or omission, and the statute runs from that date. See, e.g., Sasso v. Koehler, 445 F.Supp. 762, 768 (D.Md.1978).
It can be said that the latest possible date of an attorney's negligent omission is when the negligence becomes irreversible. In Bland v. Smith, 197 Tenn. 683, 277 S.W.2d 377, 380-81 (1955), for example, plaintiff's suit for her attorney's alleged negligent handling of a divorce suit was held to have accrued when the final decree in the divorce was entered. In the area of litigation, a cause of action for an attorney's failure to file within a statutory limitation arises when the client's action is prescribed. See, e.g., Galloway v. Hood, 69 Ohio App. 278, 43 N.E.2d 631, 632 (1941).
Applying the "accrual" rule to the facts at bar, it is clear that the latest day on which Ocean's alleged negligence might have occurred was August 12, 1978. Our determination is based on the following reasoning. Simmons' Motion for Reconsideration *844 was denied on July 12, 1978. Any appeal to the Third Circuit from that decision was required to have been filed within 30 days. Therefore, giving Simmons every advantage, the latest date Ocean's alleged negligence would have become irreversible, that is, leaving Simmons with no remaining recourse, was on August 12, 1978.[4]
Under the second rule, the "damage rule", a cause of action is not found to have accrued until actual, rather than nominal, damages have occurred. See Fort Myers Seafood Packers, Inc. v. Steptoe and Johnson, 381 F.2d 261, 262 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 390 U.S. 946, 88 S.Ct. 1033, 19 L.Ed.2d 1135 (1967). The California Supreme Court, in Budd v. Nixen, 6 Cal.3d 195, 98 Cal.Rptr. 849, 851, 491 P.2d 433, 435 (1971), explained the rule to mean that:
"The mere breach of a professional duty, causing only nominal damages, speculative harm, or threat of future harmnot yet realizeddoes not suffice to create a cause of action for negligence. Hence, until the client suffers appreciable harm as a consequence of his attorney's negligence, the client cannot establish a cause of action for malpractice." (Citations and footnote omitted).
This rule is often applied when a plaintiff claims error by counsel in the preparation of a will, since the injury cannot occur until the death of the attorney's client. See, e.g., Heyer v. Flaig, 70 Cal.2d 223, 74 Cal.Rptr. 225, 230, 449 P.2d 161, 166 (1969). Insofar as Simmons' actual damages occurred when she was terminated from her job, it is difficult to apply the damage rule to this action. However, expanding the damage rule as far as possible, it could be argued that Simmons sustained actual damages on August 13, 1978, the date on which she was left with no legal remedies regarding her termination.
Two other rules must be mentioned briefly, although they basically toll or defer the accrual of an action. In an effort to preserve the attorney-client relationship and to enable the attorney to correct his mistakes, several states have adopted the "continuous representation" rule. Pursuant to this view, which is premised on the concept of continuous treatment in medical malpractice cases, the statute of limitations begins to run, not from the time of the attorney's negligent acts or omissions, but from the termination of the attorney-client relationship. See Keaton Co. v. Kolby, 27 Ohio St.2d 234, 271 N.E.2d 772, 774 (1971); Dolce v. Gamberdino, 60 Ill.App.3d 124, 17 Ill.Dec. 274, 276, 376 N.E.2d 273, 275 (1978); Siegel v. Kranis, 29 A.D.2d 477, 288 N.Y. S.2d 831, 834 (2nd Dep't 1968).
Neither of the parties has stated when the attorney-client relationship between Simmons and Ocean terminated. However, it seems safe to assume that it had ended by June 20, 1978, the date on which Simmons initially filed her grievance with the Committee and more than two years prior to the filing of the complaint.[5]
Finally, we acknowledge that a statute of limitations for legal malpractice may be tolled until the client discovers, or should reasonably have discovered, the malpractice. See Ingvoldstad v. Young, 1982 St. X Supp. ___ (D.V.I. May 13, 1982); Mumfort v. Staton, Whaley & Price, 254 Md. 697, 255 A.2d 359, 367 (1969). While this Court is in agreement with the discovery rule, we find that the application of *845 the rule does not preserve plaintiff's claim. The correspondence between Simmons and the Committee, principally Simmons' letter dated June 20, 1978, is clear proof that Simmons had discovered by that time what she deemed to be Ocean's alleged negligence. Assuming the statute began to run on June 20, 1978, Simmons' claim would be untimely.
This Court does not agree with Simmons' argument that the investigation by the Committee of her grievance against Ocean somehow tolled the running of the statute of limitations.[6] Simmons would have us believe either that a separate cause of action was created on June 20, 1979 or that she, for the first time, discovered the alleged wrongs of her attorney on that date. Plaintiff's position, which we note is without legal or factual support, must be rejected.
At this time it is unnecessary for the Court to decide which rule, regarding the accrual of a legal malpractice cause of action, should be applied in the Virgin Islands. This is because, under all of the rules discussed above and viewing the facts and pertinent dates in the light most favorable to plaintiff, the latest date on which plaintiff's cause of action accrued was on August 13, 1978. Since the statute of limitations began to run on that date and the instant malpractice suit was not filed till April 9, 1981, the suit is barred by the two year statute of limitations.
NOTES
[1] Ocean is an attorney licensed to practice law in the Virgin Islands.
[2] The facts are in dispute by the parties as to the date of the conclusion of the investigation by the Committee. Ocean's position is that Simmons was notified by a letter from the Committee, dated September 25, 1978, that the file on her grievance had been closed, with no disciplinary action to be taken. Subsequently, Simmons is said to have submitted another letter, on September 28, 1978, to the Committee reiterating her previous allegations. See Defendant's Reply Memorandum to Plaintiff's Opposition to Dismiss Complaint, dated August 3, 1982, at 2-3 and Exhibit G attached thereto.
[3] Plaintiff's Memorandum in Opposition to Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Complaint, filed July 20, 1982 ("Plaintiff's Memorandum in Opposition"), at 4.
[4] See Hunt v. Bittman, 482 F.Supp. 1017, 1022 (D.D.C.1980), wherein E. Howard Hunt, Jr., a convicted Watergate burglar and conspirator who pled guilty, sued his former defense counsel and the general partners of the counsel's law firm, for negligently and inadequately representing him in the Watergate case. The court concluded that for statute of limitations purposes, the injury to Hunt occurred no later than the date he was sentenced to prison and immediately incarcerated, and that the failure of subsequent motions or appeals did not change the date of the initial injury or create a later date of injury.
[5] See Gilbert Properties, Inc. v. Millstein, 40 A.D.2d 100, 338 N.Y.S.2d 370, 371 (1st Dep't 1972), aff'd, 33 N.Y.2d 857, 352 N.Y.S.2d 198, 307 N.E.2d 257 (1973), wherein a malpractice action against an attorney for suing the wrong party in a property damages action was held to have accrued on the date the attorney-client relationship terminated, and not on the date the Appellate Division reversed the lower court judgment against the wrong owner.
[6] Simmons states that she "discovered her right to cause of action on June 20, 1979". Plaintiff's Memorandum in Opposition, at 4.
|
Ted V. Mikels (born Theodore Vincent Mikacevich; April 29, 1929 - October 16, 2016) was an American independent filmmaker primarily of the horror cult film genre.
Movies that he both produced and directed include Girl in Gold Boots (1968), The Astro-Zombies (1968), and The Doll Squad (1973). |
San Luis de Palenque Airport
San Luis de Palenque Airport is an airport serving the town of San Luis de Palenque, in Casanare Department of Colombia. The runway is southeast, adjacent to the town.
See also
Transport in Colombia
List of airports in Colombia
References
External links
OpenStreetMaps - San Luis de Palenque
OurAirports - San Luis de Palenque
FallinRain - San Luis de Paleque Airport
Category:Airports in Colombia
Category:Colombia transport-related lists |
Lusiglie is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Settlements in Piedmont |
OTT, an abbreviation for “over the top”, refers to a technology that enables Internet enterprises to develop their own services, such as Google, Apple, Skype, and Netflix in other countries, and QQ in China, by using a broadband network of an operator. Both Netflix network videos and applications in various mobile application stores are OTT services.
With an increasing growth of the OTT services, a technology is required to implement interaction between different OTT services. An existing related method is displaying account numbers of all OTT services of a user in a unified interface, and the user needs to log in to all OTT account numbers, so as to communicate with a friend within a same OTT by using the interface, which however cannot actually implement interaction between different OTT services. For example, when logging in to an OTT A service by using the interface, the user can only interact with a friend within the OTT A service, but cannot interact with a user within an OTT B service. Another existing method related to interaction between different OTT services is establishing another friendship within another OTT service for two users who are in a friendship within a same OTT service. However, establishment of a friendship is still limited within a same OTT, and interaction between different OTT services is not actually implemented either. |
When a state uses taxes and government spending to influence the economy, this is known as fiscal policy in economics and political science. Idea from John Maynard Keynes. The state can influence the following parameters:
Aggregate demand and the level of economic activity
How resources are allocated
How wealth is distributed
There are two basic kinds of taxes: those on revenue, and those on economic activity, usually called excise taxes. Lowering the excise taxation will lead to increased economic activity, for example. Changes in welfare also have an impact on economic activity.
In general, fiscal policy is cyclic: Effects which result from changes in fiscal policy need some time until they can be observed.
Certain schools of thought think that fiscal policy should not be used to influence the economy. This is the case for Monetarism, which demands that keeping money at its value is the most important goal.
Economic policy |
Key Messages:COVID-19 pandemic puts frontline HCPs at great risk of psychological stress. The prevalence values of high-level stress, depressive symptoms requiring treatment, and anxiety symptoms requiring further evaluation were 3.7%, 11.4%, and 17.7%, respectively; these values are comparable to other countries and not high, given the comparatively poor health infrastructure in our country compared to other nations. This could be attributed to the early phase of the pandemic and the resilience of Indian HCPs.
**T**he emergence of the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) over the turn of the year 2020 has wreaked havoc in the medical systems across the world. Over 28 lakh cases have been reported throughout the world, with numbers increasing by the day.^[@bibr1-0253717620933992]^ This has put healthcare professionals (HCP) under tremendous pressures as they deal with many variables some of which are longer working hours, lack of personal protective equipment, lack of specific drugs and protocols, and being away from family. According to previous studies, during the outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), frontline medical staff had reported high levels of stress that resulted in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).^[@bibr2-0253717620933992],\ [@bibr3-0253717620933992]^ It was also found that HCPs considered resignation, faced stigmatization,^[@bibr4-0253717620933992]^ and feared contagion and spread to family and friends, resulting in high levels of stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms.^[@bibr5-0253717620933992]^ There have been plenty of reports from China detailing the number of HCPs getting infected and even succumbing to the illness.^[@bibr6-0253717620933992]^ Concerns of the psychological impact of the pandemic like before are arising. This resulted in interventions such as setting up psychological assistance services over the telephone, internet, and application-based sessions.
As on April 11, 2020, India faces the most critical phase of the pandemic, with community transmission not yet in full flow.^[@bibr7-0253717620933992]^ HCPs across the country are facing a fight like never before. Vulnerable to psychological impact, we aim to evaluate the magnitude of stress, anxiety, and depression and to assess possible associated risk factors at this early stage of the pandemic. This would help us plan appropriate interventions at the early stage to prevent a detrimental outcome for the brave HCPs out there.
Materials and Methods {#section1-0253717620933992}
=====================
Ethics {#section2-0253717620933992}
------
The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. An online written informed consent was obtained from all potential participants.
Study Design and Eligibility Criteria {#section3-0253717620933992}
-------------------------------------
This was an online-questionnaire-based cross-sectional study conducted in India during the month of April 2020.The online questionnaire was designed on Google Forms and circulated in multiple WhatsApp groups, targeting doctors and nurses involved in triage, screening, diagnosing, and treatment of COVID-19 patients and suspects. Those who were currently doing their internship were excluded.
Study Procedures {#section4-0253717620933992}
----------------
The link to the online questionnaire was circulated on April 10, 2020, and the target sample size was achieved on April 25, 2020. A maximum of three reminders were sent in all WhatsApp groups. To limit the number of HCPs who inadvertently answer the questionnaire without being involved in COVD-19 work, a specific yes/no question confirming their work in COVID-19 was asked. Those who marked the answer as "Yes" were allowed to continue answering the questionnaire. The questionnaire had five sections, namely, baseline sociodemographic characteristics, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and miscellaneous psychosocial questions. Data were collected anonymously, with only one response was permitted per person.
PHQ-9 is a 9-item self-report questionnaire used in clinical practice for screening, diagnosing, monitoring, and measuring the severity of depression. PHQ scores ≥10 have a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 88% for major depression and require treatment.^[@bibr8-0253717620933992]^ PSS-10 is an instrument designed to measure the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. PSS items have been found to have good correlations with other stress measures, self-reported health and health service measures, health behavior measures, smoking status, and help-seeking behavior.^[@bibr9-0253717620933992]^ GAD-7 is a 7-item self-report questionnaire used in clinical practice for screening and assessing severity of generalized anxiety disorder. Cut-off points of 5, 10, and 15 may be interpreted as representing mild, moderate, and severe levels of anxiety on the GAD-7. A score of \>10 would require further evaluation.^[@bibr10-0253717620933992]^
Sample Size Estimation {#section5-0253717620933992}
----------------------
Considering an estimated prevalence of depression (p) among HCPs to be 13.5% based on the study by Zhu et al.,^[@bibr11-0253717620933992]^ the sample size estimated using the formula (Zα)^[@bibr2-0253717620933992]^pq/d^[@bibr2-0253717620933992]^ using an alpha error of 5% and an absolute precision (d) of 5% was 179. If estimated considering the prevalence of stress (p = 29.8%), although a different tool being used, and anxiety (p = 24.1%), the sample size, with the other assumptions remaining constant, would be 322 and 281, respectively. Considering the largest value among the three and assuming an approximate 10% of questionnaires to have incomplete responses, we decided to increase the sample size to 350.
Data Management {#section6-0253717620933992}
---------------
Data were exported from the Google Forms to Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, USA, 2016) spreadsheet and coded. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (IBM Corp., USA, 2011).
Statistical Analysis Plan {#section7-0253717620933992}
-------------------------
Demographic characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages in case of discrete data, or mean and standard deviation (SD) in the case of continuous data. Prevalence rates of high-level stress, anxiety symptoms requiring further evaluation, and depressive symptoms requiring treatment were expressed as proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The hypothesized factors/predictors to each of these conditions, namely stress, anxiety, and depression, such as age, gender, being a doctor, years of experience, hostel/ temporary accommodation, history of mental illness, presence of comorbidities, perceived inability to distress, and employment in the government sector, were subjected to univariate binary logistic regression. Those with a significance of P \< 0.2 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate binary logistic regression model.
Results {#section8-0253717620933992}
=======
A total of 433 responses were received. Of these, 83 respondents were not involved in any of the COVID-19 related activities and hence were excluded. The remaining 350 from across ten states and one union territory were included in the analysis. A total of 344 participants had disclosed their institutions of affiliation, and the number of participating institutions totaled to 98. Of the 350 participants, 84.3% (n = 295/350) were doctors and the remaining 15.7% (n = 55/350) were nurses. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 30.21 (5.22) years. The demographic characteristics are summarized in [Table 1](#table1-0253717620933992){ref-type="table"}.
The details regarding the occupation of participants are given in [Table 2](#table2-0253717620933992){ref-type="table"}. Junior residents formed the major proportion (n = 168/350; 48.0%). The mean (SD) years of experience of the participants were 5.52 (4.79). Table 1.Demographic CharacteristicsCharacteristicFrequency (*N* = 350)Percentage (%)Age (years)18--2917850.930--4416346.645--6092.6GenderMale18753.4Female16346.6Geographical distribution of participants within India^a^North and Central4212.0South21962.6East and North East205.7West6919.7AccommodationHome18954.0Hostel13338.0Temporary arrangement288.0History of mental disordersYes154.3No33194.6Did not disclose41.1ComorbiditiesAsthma/COPD154.3Hypertension92.6Diabetes mellitus82.3Hypothyroidism41.1Miscellaneous^b^61.7^a^As per the six administrative zones of India recognized under Part III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.^b^Polycystic ovarian disease and allergic rhinitis: two participants each; seronegative arthritis and migraine: One participant each. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The prevalence (95% CI) of HCPs with high-level stress was 3.7% (2.2, 6.2). The prevalence rates (95% CI) of HCPs with depressive symptoms requiring treatment and anxiety symptoms requiring further evaluation were 11.4% (8.3, 15.2) and 17.7% (13.9, 22.1), respectively. The details of various categories of stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, and the details of leisure activities are depicted in [Table 3](#table3-0253717620933992){ref-type="table"}. A large majority (n = 273/350; 78.0% had serious concerns about the spread of infection from them to their friends or family members. Also, most participants (n = 151/350; 43.2% and n = 175/350; 50.0%, respectively) were not satisfied with the administrative support from the institution and the availability of personal protective equipment.
An analysis to identify the predictors of moderate- and high-level stress revealed that female gender (odds ratio \[OR\] = 2.008, 95% CI = 1.122, 3.594, and P value = 0.019) was the only significant predictor among all the hypothesized factors, thereby negating the need for multivariate analysis. With regards to depressive symptoms requiring treatment, the significant predictors (adjusted OR; 95% CI; P value) were female gender (2.023; 1.021, 4.010; 0.044) and hostel/temporary accommodation (2.355; 1.180, 4.702; 0.015). Similarly, the significant predictors (adjusted OR; 95% CI; P value) of anxiety symptoms requiring further evaluation were female gender (2.180; 1.230, 3.862; 0.008) and hostel/temporary accommodation (1.926; 1.046, 3.548; 0.035). The details of the univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to identify the predictors of stress, depression, and anxiety are summarized in [Table 4](#table4-0253717620933992){ref-type="table"}.
Discussion {#section9-0253717620933992}
==========
The prevalence of high-level stress was low (3.7%) and the rates for depressive symptoms requiring treatment and anxiety symptoms requiring further evaluation (11.4% and 17.7%, respectively) were comparatively more. The prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms are in line with the findings from similar studies assessing psychological impact during the COVID-19 pandemic in China but the prevalence of high-level stress in our study is comparatively low. However, a huge majority of our participants still have moderately-high stress (78.9%), which is clinically relevant. Zhu et al. from Wuhan, China, the epicenter of the virus outbreak, have reported that among 5,062 HCPs, the prevalence rates of stress, depression, and anxiety were 29.8%, 13.5%, and 24.1%, respectively.^[@bibr11-0253717620933992]^ Another study from China, conducted among 1,257 HCPs, reported that the prevalence rates of severe distress, depressive symptoms requiring treatment, and anxiety symptoms requiring further evaluation were 10.5% (n = 132/1257), 14.8% (n = 186/1257), and 13.3% (n = 154/1257), respectively.^[@bibr12-0253717620933992]^ To the best of the authors' knowledge, as on April 20, 2020, study results from India or other countries on the psychological impact of COVID-19 among HCPs are yet to be published. Table 2.Occupational HistoryVariableCategoryFrequency (*N* = 350)Percentage (%)Employment sectorGovernment16547.1Private18552.9OccupationDoctor29584.3Nurses5515.7DesignationJunior resident16848.0Senior resident/assistant professor9527.1Associate professor/professor3510.0Staff nurse5214.9DepartmentEmergency medicine16647.3General medicine6819.4Critical care277.7Paediatrics164.6Otorhinolaryngology82.3Infectious diseases61.7Pulmonology61.7Other medical specialties339.4Other surgical specialties205.7Years of experienceTen years and below31088.6Greater than ten years4011.4
A closer look into the baseline prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety among medical staff revealed similar prevalence rates even without the pandemic. A study by Grover et al. among doctors from Chandigarh, conducted in the pre-pandemic period, has reported the prevalence of moderate or severe depression to be 13.2% (n = 59/445) and moderate- or high-level stress to be 80.2% (n = 357/445), using the same tools used by us.^[@bibr13-0253717620933992]^ Swapnil et al. have reported that the prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were 64.60% and 14.18% as assessed using the 28-item general health questionnaire.^[@bibr14-0253717620933992]^ This suggests that the pandemic has not overtly affected the psychological well-being of the HCPs in India. One possible reason could be that the community transmission is in check due to the ongoing nationwide lockdown, thereby reducing the patient load.^[@bibr15-0253717620933992]^ Another factor could be resilience that Indian doctors might have developed during the course of their professional life.^[@bibr16-0253717620933992]^ Medical post-graduate training in India is very competitive,^[@bibr17-0253717620933992]^ usually very vigorous, and with long working hours,^[@bibr18-0253717620933992]^ associated burnout, and routine exposure to a variety of infectious diseases.^[@bibr19-0253717620933992]^ Furthermore, even without a pandemic, the public sector hospitals in India always see a huge number of cases, with very limited staff and infrastructure.^[@bibr20-0253717620933992]^ Exposed to such stressors, the attitude of HCPs to the current crisis could be paradoxically less panic-stricken. Although we discuss that the psychological issues are not much different now when compared to the non-pandemic days, the concern of spreading the infection to family and friends and the concern about lack of administrative support and adequate personal protective equipment is very high as noted in HCPs across the world.^[@bibr21-0253717620933992]^ Table 3.Psychological CharacteristicsVariableCategoryFrequency (*N* = 350)Percentage (%)Perceived stressLow6117.4Moderate27678.9High133.7Depressive symptomsNone--Minimal17750.6Mild13338.0Moderate308.6Moderately severe72.0Severe30.8Anxiety symptomsNone--Minimal11833.7Mild17048.6Moderate4813.7Severe144.0Leisure activitiesOnline entertainment26074.3Talking with friends21461.1Physical fitness11833.7Smoking288.0Alcohol154.3Unable to do any257.1Concern about the spread of infection to familyHigh27378.0Moderate4412.6Low339.4Satisfied with the\
institutional supportHigh9627.4Moderate10329.4Low15143.2Satisfied with the availability of personal protective equipmentHigh8424.0Moderate9126.0Low17550.0
An analysis of the risk factors for stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms revealed that female gender was a significant predictor. Women were at approximately two times higher odds to develop these conditions. This finding is in line with the findings reported by Lai et al., where women are at increased odds of developing distress (OR: 1.45; P = 0.01), depression (OR: 1.94; P = 0.003), and anxiety (OR: 1.69; P = 0.001).^[@bibr12-0253717620933992]^ Staying at a hostel or other temporary makeshift accommodations was yet another significant predictor, with participants at two-times the increased odds of developing depression or anxiety symptoms. Those living away from home are most likely feeling lonely, which itself is an important risk factor for psychiatric symptoms.^[@bibr22-0253717620933992]^ Female gender is yet another risk factor for the development of psychiatric symptoms during loneliness.^[@bibr22-0253717620933992]^ Although studies from other countries have identified many other predictors of psychological symptoms,^[@bibr12-0253717620933992],\ [@bibr21-0253717620933992]^ we believe that the resilience developed during the early days of the professional career, as discussed, have helped Indian HCPs to tide over the psychological crisis the pandemic otherwise would have created. Table 4.Univariate Analysis for Predictors of Stress, Depression, and AnxietyPredictorsModerate or High-Level StressDepression Requiring TreatmentAnxiety Requiring Further EvaluationOdds RatioP ValueOdds RatioP ValueOdds RatioP ValueYounger age^a^1.010.851.020.571.030.39Female gender2.010.022.080.04^b^2.24\<0.01^c^Being a doctor1.230.580.720.430.730.39Less years of experience^a^1.010.791.030.521.060.11^c^Hostel/temporary accommodation1.180.562.410.012.210.01^c^History of mental illness1.390.671.210.811.170.81Presence of comorbidities0.720.421.390.490.950.91Perceived inability to distress1.120.850.660.580.880.82Employed in government sector0.770.361.270.471.240.44^a^Considered as continuous variables with the hypothesis that lower the value, greater the risk.; ^b^Results of multivariate analysis for predictors of depressive symptoms requiring further treatment (adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence intervals; P value): female gender (2.023; 1.021, 4.010; 0.044) and hostel/temporary accommodation (2.355; 1.180, 4.702; 0.015).; c Results of multivariate analysis for predictors of anxiety symptoms requiring further evaluation (adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence intervals; P value): female gender (2.180; 1.230, 3.862; 0.008), less years of experience (1.023; 0.953, 1.099; 0.526) and hostel/temporary accommodation (1.926; 1.046, 3.548; 0.035).
Our study has a few limitations. By virtue of its design that it is an online questionnaire without face-to-face interviews, it is difficult to pin a clinical diagnosis on participants who exhibited symptoms. The actual prevalence rates of clinically diagnosed psychological issues studied may vary, although validated screening tools have been used in this study. Also, self-selection bias is a possibility. Further, not all cadres of HCPs other than nurses and doctors have participated in the study. Yet another limitation is that India being a large country in area, the burden of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 is varied, with metros facing the brunt of the pandemic rather than the interiors. Thus, the findings may not be truly reflective of the entire nation during the time of this study. Having said that, the main strength of this study is that the psychological impact has been assessed while the trigger event is actually still ongoing and the threat is still looming.
Conclusion {#section10-0253717620933992}
==========
The prevalence rates of high-level stress, depressive symptoms requiring treatment, and anxiety symptoms requiring further evaluation were 3.7%, 11.4%, and 17.7%, respectively. These were comparable to the reports from other countries. Female gender and staying away from family were significant predictors. The government of India has already been taking a lot of initiatives to cater to the psychological needs of the general population and its HCPs, and we recommend that these measures continue to be in place at least till the pandemic completely phases out itself.
Declaration of Conflicting Interests {#section11-0253717620933992}
====================================
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Funding {#section12-0253717620933992}
=======
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
|
Mount Dora is a city of Florida in the United States.
Geography
Mount Dora has a total area of 9.5 square miles.
Cities in Florida |
Seven years ago, the fledgling Mittal Champions Trust (MCT) was presented with an opportunity to fund the training of a shooter named Abhinav Bindra. Bindra had taken part in the 10-m air rifle event the previous year at the Athens Olympic Games and come a cropper.
Understandably, Manisha
Seven years ago, the fledgling Mittal Champions Trust (MCT) was presented with an opportunity to fund the training of a shooter named Abhinav Bindra. Bindra had taken part in the 10-m air rifle event the previous year at the Athens Olympic Games and come a cropper.
Understandably, Manisha Malhotra, MCT's Chief Executive Officer, was reluctant to bet on him. She also thought that shooters, many of them from affluent families, were already better funded than other athletes. However, Bindra's teammate Gagan Narang persuaded Malhotra to change her mind and MCT began to back Bindra. Three years later, he became - literally - one in a billion by winning India's first gold medal in an individual Olympic event in Beijing.
"He is a special athlete," says Malhotra, who played tennis for India at the Sydney Olympics in 2000. MCT, entirely funded by Lakshmi Mittal, who runs the world's largest steelmaker ArcelorMittal, has spent about Rs 3 crore so far on Bindra, and another Rs 32 crore on a bunch of other athletes of which 13 will give Bindra company in London.
MCT, along with Olympic Gold Quest (OGQ) and GoSports Foundation, represents how far corporate patronage of athletes has come in India. None of the three exists to make profits. MCT and OGQ are run by former Olympians supported by a team of experts. All three depend on funding from companies and individuals, and operate within the parameters set by government-approved sports federations.
Among the three of them, they would have at least 25 wards in the Indian contingent at the London Olympics starting this July. The number could go up as the qualifiers for some disciplines like women's boxing are still underway.
"Sport has advanced so much. The difference between winning and losing is one per cent," says Viren Rasquinha, CEO of OGQ, a programme of the Foundation for Promotion of Sports and Games, the brainchild of former All England champion Prakash Padukone and former world billiards champion Geet Sethi. In his words, OGQ focuses on "everything at the backend, which bridges the gap between India's best and the world's best". Some of this bridging is done by giving athletes international exposure and the best of coaching, which these foundations, with their corporate mindset, are good at arranging.
GETTING SMARTIn theory, Rasquinha, his lean frame betraying his recent past as the captain of India's hockey team and his articulation a reminder of his more recent qualification as an MBA from the Hyderabad-based Indian School of Business, represents an ideal candidate to run an Olympic medal hunt. In practice, he symbolises structured thinking.
OGQ and the other two foundations are convinced that the way to improve India's medal tally is through smart intervention. Both MCT and OGQ evaluate athletes against benchmarks set by their experts. Some athletes are gradually eased out of the programme if they do not measure up. Smart intervention also shows up in hiring a coach from the UK for boxer Mangte Chungneijang Mary Kom and in giving 11-year-old Lakshya Sen global exposure.
Sen, a badminton player whom Padukone has taken under his wings and describes as "exceptional talent", is being sent abroad to compete in tournaments. Waiting a few more years before exposing him to international competition would, says Padukone, only mean lost opportunities.
Mary Kom, daughter of a subsistence farmer from Manipur, is India's top woman boxer and one of its brightest hopes for a medal in London. Some time ago, she realised that her body weight, at 46 kg, had to be increased. The organisers in London had done away with her usual weight category of 45-48 kg and she would have to compete in the 48-51 kg bracket. Now, ideally, a boxer's weight should nudge the upper limit of her category. But increasing the weight from 46 to 50 or 51 would affect body balance. So Kom needed expert coaching, which could only be sourced from overseas.
OGQ, which supports Kom's training and preparation, identified Briton Charles Atkinson for her. "It was OGQ which helped arrange a foreign coach to come and train me," says Kom, though the bill is now being paid by the government. Here is an instance of a top medal prospect and a responsive government being complemented by a private foundation. "With elite athletes, you need right support at the right time," says Rasquinha of OGQ.
The precision in OGQ's plans helped draw Vidya Shah's interest. Shah is the executive director and head of EdelGive Foundation, the philanthropy arm of financial services group Edelweiss. EdelGive supports three athletes picked by OGQ's talent spotters, of whom Mary Kom is one."The evaluation process was robust," says Shah, a former investment banker with N.M. Rothschild, explaining why her foundation chose to go with OGQ. "Their method was transparent and documented."
LOVE AND PRIDEFor the sake of national pride, governments feel obligated to support sportspersons, especially in the hope of making a splash at the Olympics. But what makes companies and individuals spend money on athletes, when there are limited or no returns on the investment?
"It is just a feeling that India should win gold medals," says Mumbai-based Ashish Kacholia, a proprietary investor in equity markets, who has given OGQ Rs 11 lakh a year for each of the last four years. Regardless of how the equity market performs, Kacholia says he will continue the funding at the same rate for another four years. OGQ, over the last four years, has spent Rs 8 to Rs 10 crore on its programmes.
GoSports, started in 2008 by Harvard-educated law practitioner Nandan Kamath, spends about Rs 75 lakh a year and concentrates on young athletes. In comparison, the sports ministry has spent about Rs 34 crore over the last year on just two disciplines, hockey and boxing, to prepare their practitioners for London. The ministry's annual budget is Rs 722 crore, which includes administrative costs and many programmes of talent spotting and training.
None of the foundations plans to supplant what the government does; that is inconceivable. "No private organisation has the reach the government has," says Malhotra. It is smart spending at the margins that can make the difference, which is what the foundations do. Says Kancholia: "In India, a little money goes a long way."
With time, there may be more than a little money in there. Compared to China, the size of the sports market in India - media rights, merchandising and other revenue sources - is relatively large. According to a PricewaterhouseCoopers study, 'Global Sports Outlook to 2015,' the size of the Indian sports market in 2012 will be $1.53 billion as compared to China's $2.7 billion, though China's economy is nearly four times bigger.
LONDON CALLINGAccording to Padukone, the effort and money spent in the last three years on preparing for London would be three times what was spent on Beijing. "India should get six to eight medals in London," he says. Anything less would not match the efforts. That sounds ambitious, considering the country's tally of seven individual medals so far, which began with K.D. Jadhav's wrestling bronze in 1952.
But history matters little in such cases. China got its first Olympic medal long after India did, at Los Angeles in 1984, which was boycotted by the erstwhile USSR and its allies. Since then, China has managed 384 more, and topped the table at Beijing with a neat 100 medals.
It is no surprise that China, which has taken forward the USSR's legacy of single-minded, state-sponsored pursuit of Olympic medals, is the envy of every Indian athlete and coach. Chinese government outfits identify talent at an early age and nurture it. This system, according to Rasquinha, ensures that "the base of the pyramid is very broad". A bigger pool increases the likelihood of producing first-rate athletes.
For instance, China has about a dozen women who strike a badminton shuttle about as well as Saina Nehwal, India's best woman shuttler ever and one of the brightest medal prospects in London. In tournaments across the world, Nehwal finds herself battling Chinese women at key stages. All of them have come through a government-supported system and infrastructure.
On the other hand, Nehwal's early years are a poignant story of her going to practice at 4 a.m. on her father's scooter and the family shifting base from Haryana to Hyderabad so the daughter could benefit from the badminton infrastructure there.
Europe and the US provide the entire population with easy access to quality infrastructure. At later stages, as some athletes show the potential to turn professional, a market-driven system takes over. India is neither here nor there. Malhotra of MCT puts it bluntly: "The bottom line is that we need more athletes." For that more people should be able to access basic sports infrastructure. But, according to Padukone, Indian sports infrastructure has to increase 500 times to give everyone access.
Not that the large population, comparable with China's, results in a large base of the pyramid like China's. The lack of a well-organised state-sponsored system puts paid to that dream.
AGAINST ALL ODDSBindra's path to gold at Beijing was charted entirely by him, his father's belief in him, and the little privileges enjoyed by the family. His 252-page autobiography, A Shot at History, released at the end of October 2011, elucidates the lengths to which he went to win that gold: from drinking Yak milk from China to increase concentration, which it did not, to adding rubber from Ferrari tyres to the soles of his shoes, to pre-dawn practice at the shooting range constructed in his backyard in Chandigarh and anytime use of the well-equipped home gym.
The government could not have played a role in any of this, but its functionaries could have avoided sending Bindra a pair of shoes at Beijing in which the left was a size 11 and the right a size eight. A senior official of the National Rifle Association of India, when asked in March about Bindra's whereabouts, said vaguely that he might be somewhere in the UK.
For a country with the fewest gold medals per capita, you would expect India's sports officials to be less detached with shooters. Other than the only gold, shooting got us a silver at Athens, by Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore in double trap shooting. The only other sport to have got us two Olympic medals is wrestling, where the situation is no better.
Far away from the Bindra home in Chandigarh, on the margins of Roshanara Park in north Delhi, is an akhara, a training school for wrestlers, named after the late Guru Hanuman, a legendary coach in these circles. Inside the akhara, next to a mud pit, young wrestlers clad in loin cloth are doing pushups and sit-ups. A few are climbing a rope slung around the highest branch of a tree. Alongside young wrestlers, Rajiv Tomar is preparing for his qualifying bouts for London. Tomar, 30, who wrestles in the freestyle 120-kg category, has lived in the akhara the last 20 years. A young wrestler touches Tomar's feet before beginning his practice.
Watching them closely is Maha Singh Rao, a coach employed by the Sports Authority of India (SAI). After the practice bout, the wrestlers wander away for a break. The younger ones among them begin crushing almonds and start preparing a meal.
Rao shares a room with Tomar in the akhara, which houses 60 other wrestlers. Wrestling demands the discipline of a monastery. The boys begin living in akharas by age 11 and lead a monkish life for a decade or so as they train - with no television, no newspaper, no movies and no girlfriends. After that, once outside the protective canopy of the akhara, things become uncertain.
Rao says the best wrestlers manage to land jobs in the Railways or paramilitary forces after about 10 years of training. The rest have no option but to drift away in search of livelihood, with no skill except the ability to pin an opponent down.
But how does the akhara make ends meet? The question prompts salutary nods by Rao to a black-andwhite photo of Guru Hanuman with industrialist K. K. Birla, hanging on a wall with white limestone wash.
Rao says the akhara has managed to keep body and soul together thanks to the generosity of Birla, whose empire spanned textiles, chemicals and newspapers. He says the akhara land is owned by a Birla textile company and to this day the company meets some of its running cost. The akhara is also affiliated to the SAI, which piggybacks on a longstanding tradition of private patronage.
The Tata Group, for instance, has a history of nurturing sports. Tata Steel has a close association with football and archery. Some of the archers who have qualified for London are from the Tata Academy. According to the minutes of a meeting on archers at the sports ministry's website, "Tata" paid for international exposure to its archers. Tata Sons, the group's holding company, along with Tata Capital, the finance arm, funds Padukone's eponymous badminton academy in Bangalore.
The coming together of Tata and Padukone symbolises the changing relationship that companies have with individual sports. Increasingly, it is less about the patronage of a shaukeen benefactor, as Rao describes Birla, and more about a focused strategy to get those medals.
'WE TRY TO BRIDGE THE GAP'
It takes just six grams of Gold to lift the worth of a nation," says a tag line on the website of Olympic Gold Quest. This programme of the Foundation for Promotion of Sports and Games, founded by former champions Geet Sethi and Prakash Padukone, has been providing crucial financial support to Olympic hopefuls for the London Games and beyond. Padukone, former All England Badminton Champion and World No. 1, spoke to Goutam Das, at his eponymous badminton academy in Bangalore, where every day he trains young talent. Edited excerpts:
ON OLYMPIC GOLD QUEST We are trying to identify people who have a chance of winning in the Olympics. We have identified six disciplines, where we feel India has a chance of winning medals: shooting, boxing, wrestling, badminton, athletics and archery. The government is doing a lot now, especially in the last three years. While major expenses are taken care of by the Sports ministry, we try to bridge the gap. We allocate funds and the sportspersons themselves decide on how the funds have to be utilised. We don't interfere directly in coaching. We enable them.
ON UTILISATION OF FUNDS Some of the badminton players - the younger ones - don't get to play international tournaments. We have sponsored P.V. Sindhu for six tournaments in the last eight months. She has been able to improve her rankings now. She is only 16 and we are preparing her for the 2016 Games. For Mary Kom, we got a personal coach from the UK to train her. Vikas Gowda, a discus thrower, is training in the US. Lakshya Sen is training in badminton for the 2020 Olympics. We are sending him for international tournaments. This is the first time in Indian sports (other than chess) where an 11-year-old boy has been identified and sent to international tournaments. That is mainly because the funds are available now.
ON FUND RAISING The earlier plan was to raise something like Rs 100-200 crore, make a corpus, and then use only the interest part. We have not been able to do that. We are spending whatever funds we raise. People donate starting from Rs 5 lakh to Rs 20-25 lakh. They also give us monthly donations. We want to make it into a mass movement, maybe get one million people to contribute Rs 100 each.
Additional reporting by Yambem Laba
The article appeared in the May 13 issue of Business Today magazine
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The Altai Republic (; Altai: , Altay Respublika; , , ), also known as Gorno-Altai Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is in southern Siberia and is a part of the Siberian Federal District. It has an area of . It has a population of 210,924 people. It is the least-populous republic of Russia and least-populous federal subject in the Siberian Federal District. Gorno-Altaysk is the capital and the largest town of the republic.
The Altai Republic is one of Russia's ethnic republics. It mainly represents the indigenous Altai people. The Altai are a Turkic ethnic group that make up 37% of the republic's population, while ethnic Russians form a majority at 54%, and with minority populations of Kazakhs, other Central Asian ethnicities, and Germans. The official languages of the Altai Republic are Russian and Altai. Kazakh is official in areas where it is spoken more.
History
The Xiongnu Empire (209 BC - AD 93) owned the territory of the modern Altai Republic. The area was part of the First Turkic Khaganate, the Uyghur Empire, and the Yeniseian Kyrgyzs. This time was the time when Turkic cultures and languages became most common.
The southern part of the Altai Republic came under the Naiman Khanate. The territory of the modern Altai Republic has been ruled by the Mongolic Xianbei state (93-234), Rouran Khaganate (330-555), Mongol Empire (1206-1368), Golden Horde (1240-1502), Zunghar Khanate (1634-1758) and Qing Empire (1757-1864).
The entire Altan Nuur Uriankhai region was annexed into the Russian Empire in 1864-1867 by the Treaty of Tarbagatai. During the Russian Civil War, the Confederated Republic of Altai (Karakorum-Altai Region) was created in 1918. It claimed to be the first step to rebuilding Genghis Khan's Mongol Empire. But it never became a competing force in the Russian Civil War. It stayed neutral from 1918 until January 1920, when it was taken back by Russia. A second Altai Republic was formed in 1921 and lasted until 1922 when they were annexed by the Bolsheviks.
On June 1, 1922, the Oyrot Autonomous Oblast () was created in Altai Krai. This gave the Altai people more autonomy again. The original name for this region was Bazla. On January 7, 1948, it was renamed Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast (). In 1991 it was turned into the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR). In 1992 it was renamed to the Altai Republic.
Geography
The Altai Republic is in the Altai Mountains. It is at the junction of the Siberian taiga, the Kazakh steppes, and the Mongolian semi-deserts. Forests cover about 25% of the republic. The highest point in the Altai Republic is Belukha Mountain, which stands at 4,506 m (14,783 ft) tall.
The Altai Republic borders Kemerovo Oblast to the north, Khakassia to the northeast, Tuva to the east, Altai Krai to the west/northwest, Mongolia (Bayan-Olgii Province) to the southeast, China (Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang) to the south, and Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region) to the south/southwest.
Climate
The republic has a temperate continental climate. It has short and mild summers (June-August) and long, cold, and often quite frosty winters (November-March).
In general, the republic's climate of the southeastern areas, such as the (Ulagansky and Kosh-Agachsky Districts), is harsher than the climate of the less elevated northern areas.
Average annual temperature: +1 degC to -6.7 degC.
January temperature range: -9.2 degC to -31 degC.
July temperature range: +11 degC to +19 degC.
Average annual precipitation: 100-1000 mm.
Administrative divisions
The Altai Republic is administratively divided into ten districts and Gorno-Altaysk Urban Okrug. The districts are further divided into ninety-two rural settlements.
Demographics
Population:
Ethnic groups
According to the 2021 Census, ethnic Russians make up 53.7% of the republic's population. The indigenous Altai people make up 37.0%. Other groups include Kazakhs (6.4%), and several smaller groups.
including 3,414 Telengits, 1,384 Kumandins and 344 Teleuts
including 2,368 Telengits, 1,533 Tubalars, 931 Kumandins, 830 Chelkans, 141 Shors and 32 Teleuts
including 3,648 Telengits, 1,891 Tubalars, 1,062 Kumandins, 1,113 Chelkans and 87 Shors
including 2,587 Telengits, 3,424 Tubalars, 1,037 Kumandins, 1,170 Chelkans and 91 Shors
Notable people
Alexander Berdnikov (born April 8, 1953), Chairman of the Government of the Altai Republic, and the head of the republic from January 20, 2006.
Grigory Gurkin (January 24, 1870 - October 11, 1937), landscape painter.
Mikhail Lapshin (September 1, 1934 - June 17, 2006), President of the Altai Republic from January 19, 2002, to January 19, 2006.
Sergey Mikayelyan (born April 27, 1992), cross-country skier.
Viktor Shvaiko (b. 1965), painter.
Semyon Zubakin (born May 4, 1952), Head of the Altai Republic in Russia from January 13, 1998, to January 19, 2002. |
How To Make Coffee: The Perfect French Press Technique
June 17th 2014
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Honestly, I was a skeptic. For years, I didn’t take french press coffee seriously. Most of the coffee I’d been served from a french press wasn’t very good. It wasn’t bad – certainly better than an automatic drip machine – but also not as good as coffee prepared with a ceramic dripper or in a Chemex.
Recently, though, I’ve become a believer. It turns out that if you’re using freshly roasted coffee, properly ground, and prepared with the right technique, it can be every bit as good as coffee prepared in nearly any other method.
In fact, in retrospect I can say that the problem with most of the bad coffee I’d been served from a french press was any combination of the fact that the coffee wasn’t fresh, it wasn’t ground properly, and that the technique used to prepare it was wrong.
So, if you want to get it right and enjoy the best coffee from a french press, I’ve come up with what I think are the six essential steps. It’s very, very easy.
I’ll also note that some pros also recommend skimming the coffee after bringing it to a bloom (during step 4 below), but I think that’s a little too fussy for my taste. You’ll get an excellent cup of coffee even without skimming.
Here’s how we do it:
1. Boil The Water
Your first step is to heat the water. Ideally, you’d like the water to reach a boil at about the same time as you’ve finished grinding your coffee. Your grinds will start going stale after they’ve been ground so the sooner you start extracting the better. Once your water has reached a boil, remove it from the heat and let cool for about 20 seconds.
2. Grind
Grind your coffee at a very coarse grind. As always, I highly recommend using a burr grinder for the best results. I suggest using approximately 11-12 grams of coarse ground coffee per 4 oz of water. For example, when making for Kasey and I at home, I use 52 grams of coffee for about 18 oz of water.
3. Bloom
Add about 4 oz of water to the grinds in a slow steady pour to bring the grounds to a bloom. The “bloom” is the term that explains the way fresh coffee grounds puff up when you add hot water to it. It occurs because your coffee is releasing C02 and other gases produced during the roasting process.
4. Wait
Wait about 30 seconds. You can stir the grounds using a spoon or chop stick to further develop your bloom before adding the rest of your water to the pot.
5. Plunge
Once you’ve added all of your water, set a timer for 3 1/2 minutes. When the timer goes off, add the lid to the pot and plunge the coffee with a steady, downward force. You’ll notice that I recommend leaving the lid off until you’re ready to plunge the coffee. Leaving the lid off while the coffee steeps allows the bloom to fully progress resulting in a better brew.
6. Serve
Immediately pour the coffee into serving mugs or a thermos. The longer you leave the coffee in the carafe with the grinds the longer it will extract. In other words, you want to separate your brewed coffee from the grounds as quickly as possible to prevent over-extraction.
Matthew is the music editor and co-founder of Turntable Kitchen. He’s addicted to vinyl records, pour over coffee, craft beer, small batch bourbon, and pan roasting pork chops.
M. Garza
Thanks for the tips, had given up French press coffee for about a year now because I could never get that “perfect” cup of coffee from it. I was always switching coffee grounds convinced that maybe another brand would do the trick. Currently doing the “K” machine for coffee, and every time I reach for a single serve cup, I take a look at my French press and think, maybe I should give it a go again….But now thanks to your tips, tomorrow morning I’ll be bringing out my French press again.
Thanks once again!
partriot
I have never had a cup of French press coffee brewed at home that was anything but great. So great, that it is disappointing to have coffee from even fine restaurants and corporate/local coffee shops. I suspect much has to do with individual taste. I prefer full bodied, but smooth and rich tasting coffee. For those that do, try stirring the coffee after pouring the boiled water on as suggested, then allow a full 5 minutes for the love affair of ground beans and water to come to fulfillment–serve immediately, sit down and savor. Has worked for me everyday for 10 years. Like fine art, appreciation of fine coffee is most likely an individual experience. Try various methods of preparation before giving up and be sure to clean the plunger and screen under hot water when done to wash away the oils remaining. |
Melanie Hamrick is a choreographer and retired ballerina who worked at the American Ballet Theatre. She worked for the American Ballet Threatre for 15 years before retiring in 2019. She is also known as the partner of Mick Jagger. They have one child. |
Q:
Python dataframe conditional column population
I need to populate values in a column based on whether or not values in a different column contain certain alphabets, and some rules.
For example:
Here's my starting dataframe:
import pandas as pd
testdata1 = [('A', ['3c', '20b', '9']),
('B', ['Prod1', 'Prod2', 'Prod3']),
('C', ['', '', '']),
]
df = pd.DataFrame.from_items(testdata1)
df
Here's my target dataframe:
targetdf = [('A', ['3c', '20b', '9']),
('B', ['Prod1', 'Prod2', 'Prod3']),
('C', ['15.00', '40.00', '9']),
]
df2 = pd.DataFrame.from_items(targetdf)
df2
In my example above, if the cell in Column A contains 'c', the corresponding cell in Column C should contain the result of the multiplication of the number part of the cell in Column A with 5. If the cell in Column A contains 'b', the corresponding cell in Column C should contain the result of the multiplication of the number part of the cell in Column A with 2. If the cell in Column A contains no alphabets (i.e. it is a number), copy the number to the corresponding cell in Column C.
I think the solution will involve the use of "contains" to search for 'c' or 'b'. Perhaps an If Statement? I am not sure. I certainly need help extracting the number part of the cell in Column A and populating the correct value in Column C. I am fairly new to Python.
Thank you for your help.
A:
This should work:
def parse_data(x):
if 'c' in x:
num = int(x.split('c')[0])
return num * 5
elif 'b' in x:
num = int(x.split('b')[0])
return num * 2
else:
return x
df['C'] = df['A'].apply(lambda x: parse_data(x))
A B C
0 3c Prod1 15
1 20b Prod2 40
2 9 Prod3 9
|
Crossing over is a basic concept of genetics and cell biology, often called recombination. It occurs during meiosis.
Crossing over is the exchange of chromosome segments between non-sister chromatids during the production of gametes. The effect is to assort (shuffle) the alleles on parental chromosomes, so that the gametes carry combinations of genes different from either parent. This has the overall effect of increasing the variety of phenotypes present in a population.
The process can be seen directly in stained cells, and indirectly if there are genetic markers or not on the chromosomes. The visible crossovers are called chiasma (plural: chiasmata), which is Greek for a cross. F. A. Janssens was the first to suggest what chiasmata meant.
The large-scale effect of crossing over is to spread variation through a population. This is the main result of sexual reproduction compared to non-sexual modes of reproduction.
The main advantage to the parents is the greater variety in their offspring. This, it is thought, increases the chance that some of the offspring will survive and reproduce. This has been the subject of much investigation and discussion. |
The role of the lysine binding sites of human plasmin in the hydrolysis of human fibrinogen.
The importance of the lysine binding sites of human plasmin for its ability to digest human fibrinogen has been assessed by analyzing the nature and rate of the products formed in the presence of epsilon-aminocaproic acid. No major differences in this regard were found when comparing Lys77-plasmin and Val442-plasmin, in the absence of epsilon-aminocaproic acid, the latter plasmin being devoid of the lysine binding sites present on residues Glu1-Val441 (K 1-4). The presence of epsilon-aminocaproic acid, at concentrations ranging from 0.5-5.0 mM, results in progressively stronger inhibition of the digestion of fibrinogen and in appearance of fibrinogen degradation products Y, D and E, for both Lys77-plasmin, and Val442-plasmin, showing the importance of lysine binding regions in this property. However, since both plasmin forms were inhibited equally well at all levels of epsilon-aminocaproic acid, these studies show that lysine binding sites other than those present on region K 1-4 of Lys77-plasmin are of primary importance to fibrinogenolysis by plasmin. |
The retina is the thin layer of cells that lines the back of the eyeball in humans and in many animals. It is made mainly of neurons and its role is to sense the light which gets into the eye and send information about it to the brain.
Most information about light that leaves the retina travels through the optic nerve, and is used by the brain to recognize what you're seeing. Information about light which travels through the retino-hypothamalic tract is for adjusting circadian rhythms to the 24-hour day.
The center of the human retina, called the fovea centralis, or just fovea, has the most rod cells and cone cells for receiving light. Even though the fovea takes up only 1.5 square millimeters, it plays the most important roles in vision. It is only around 1% of the human retina, but the fovea sends about as much information to the visual cortex as the rest of the retina combined.
Eye anatomy |
Urinary pH and the indwelling catheter.
The pH of the urine within a blocked indwelling catheter was significantly higher than the pH of the first urine portion from the new catheter. This observation suggests that the urinary pH was changed in an alkaline direction within the indwelling catheter, probably due to the production of ammonia induced by urease from Proteus strains. This pH gradient could only be demonstrated under conditions where the circadian pH variations of the urine within the individual could be neglected. |
Blitzingen was a municipality, in the new municipality of Goms and the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Villages
Bodme, Wiler, Ammern, Gadmen and Blitzingen. |
Mr. Flake’s support for immigration, which in his Tuesday retirement speech he characterized as a traditional conservative position, has roiled some of his fellow Republicans over the years. He ran afoul of Tea Party activists during his 2012 campaign and was criticized for being a member of the Gang of Eight, a bipartisan group of senators tasked with immigration reform in 2013.
Breitbart News characterized him as a supporter of “amnesty.” The conservative commentator Ann Coulter listed him among “our stupidest Republicans” and proposed that someone challenge him in the primary race. And the conservative radio and TV personality Glenn Beck, a former admirer of Mr. Flake, called him a “Tea Party favorite who quickly lost his soul after taking his oath of office.”
Immigration aside, Voteview, which places congressional votes on an ideological map, has consistently ranked Mr. Flake among the most conservative members of his party. According to this metric, Mr. Flake was the second most conservative member of the House from 2001 to 2005 before slipping to No. 3, where he remained until he joined the Senate. Currently, only two senators — Rand Paul of Kentucky and Mike Lee of Utah — are more conservative than Mr. Flake, according to Voteview.
Govtrack, a website that monitors legislative actions, assigns an ideological score based on bill sponsorship. Mr. Flake has ranked among the middle the pack by this measure, ranging from No. 17 in 2013 to No. 32 in 2015.
While Mr. Flake has consistently criticized Mr. Trump since the 2016 presidential election, he has voted in support of the president 90 percent of the time — a fact that Mr. Trump noted in his remarks on Wednesday and said was “good.” |
Eichberg is a municipality in Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. |
[Effect of impulse laser radiation on the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in cancer cells].
It was shown that laser irradiation with small doses stimulates the nucleic and protein syntheses in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. Large doses, on the contrary, were shown to inhibit the nucleic acid and protein metabolism. The synthesis of DNA in tumour cells was more sensitive to laser radiation than that of RNA and proteins. The data obtained show some new mechanisms of the biological action of laser radiation. |
Paula Vogel (born November 16, 1951) is an American playwright. She won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for her play How I Learned to Drive. From 2008 to 2012, Vogel was a professor at the Yale School of Drama. |
[Diagnosis and treatment of juvenile uterine hemorrhage].
The authors demonstrate the usefulness of supplementary methods of investigation (echography and hysteroscopy) for the diagnosis and treatment of juvenile uterine bleedings. Hemorrhages developing at the onset of puberty are not associated with noticeable shifts in the hormonal status. Dysfunction of the hypophyseo-ovarian system is detectable at the end of this period; therefore the authors suggest a specific therapeutic approach to such patients. Blood coagulation disorders were revealed in 21.7% of the patients. |
A lock is a part of a navigable waterway system that makes a water "channel" deep enough for vessels to use. The lock controls pool depths, for example in a lock and dam system across a waterway.
The lock is a place where boats that travel up or down a river or canal can be moved to the next higher or lower level. Locks are built in places where the level of the water in the river or canal suddenly changes. This may be because of a waterfall there, or because a dam or a weir has been built, or because some other thing is in the way. The lock is like a big chamber with gates at each end. They have lock gears which empty or fill the chamber with water. Locks help a river to be more easily navigable (easier for boats to travel up and down), or for canals to be built across country that is not level.
How a lock works
If a boat that is travelling downstream (in the same direction that the water is flowing) arrives at a lock, this is what happens:
The boat waits until the lock is full of water. If a boat going the other way has just come out of the lock, the water level will be right and the gates will be open. This will save time.
The entrance gates (if shut) are opened and the boat sails in.
The entrance gates are closed.
A valve is opened, and water flows out of the chamber so that the boat goes down.
When the water is at the level of the next bit of river, the exit gates are opened and the boat sails out.
If a boat that is travelling upstream (in the opposite direction to the water flow), the opposite happens:
The boat waits until the water level is low. If a boat going the other way has just come out of the lock, the water level will be right and the gates will be open.
The entrance gates (if shut) are opened and the boat sails in.
The entrance gates are closed.
A valve is opened, and water pours in to the chamber so that the boat goes up.
When the water is at the level of the next bit of river, the exit gates are opened and the boat sails out.
The whole process of going through a lock may take about 15 to 20 minutes, depending on whether the boat has to wait. Some locks can take several boats at once, and the first one to enter may have to wait until other boats arrive.
Waterways
Gates |
Q:
Expressão regular (regex) para links em páginas web usando Python
Estou tentando aprender a criar um webcrawler. Parte do código será para extrair links em uma página web (links que comecem por http ou https):
import re
urls = re.findall(r'href=[\'"]?([^\'" >]+)', s)
Como posso modificar ou criar uma nova rgex que apenas pegue links que comecem por http ou https? Não quero guardar a palavra "href" apenas "http://..." ou "https://..."
Não servem, por exemplo: "media/teste", "g1/noticia"
padrao = re.findall(r'href=[\'"]https?://[\w:/\.\'"_]+' ,html)
padrao também não ficou 100% funcional:
http://g1.globo.com/rio
http://g1.globo.com/"
Sairam alguns com " no final, o que não era para ocorrer!
A:
import urllib, re
url = "http://pt.stackoverflow.com/q/143677"
html = urllib.urlopen(url).read()
urls = re.findall('(?<=href=["\'])https?://.+?(?=["\'])', html)
for url in urls:
print url
A expressão regular vai corresponder a tudo que estiver entre href=" e " e que seja http ou https.
Você também pode fazer uso de um parser para isso, por exemplo o Beautiful Soup:
import urllib, re
# Para a versao 4.x use from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
url = "http://pt.stackoverflow.com/q/143677"
html = urllib.urlopen(url).read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
urls = soup.findAll('a', attrs={'href': re.compile("^https?://")})
for tag in urls:
print tag['href']
A:
Para completar a excelente resposta do @zekk, aqui fica uma solução para python 3.x:
import requests, re
url = "http://pt.stackoverflow.com/q/143677"
html = requests.get(url).text
urls = re.findall('(?<=href=["\'])https?://.+?(?=["\'])', html)
print(urls)
|
Ms. Pac-Man is an arcade video game made by Midway Manufacturing (now Midway Games). It was released one year after Pac-Man, on January 13, 1982. It became one of the most popular video games of all-time after its release. This led Namco to make the game an official title in the Pac-Man series. It has a female character, new mazes, and changes in gameplay from Pac-Man. It is most successful American-made arcade game, selling 115,000 arcade cabinets.
Gameplay
Ms. Pac-Man plays similarly to Pac-Man. The player has to move Ms. Pac-Man, a yellow disc, around a maze. The goal is to eat all of the yellow pellets (circles) while not getting caught by the ghosts. The player can get more points by eating fruits that appear. When Ms. Pac-Man eats a white pellet, the ghosts turn blue. The player can eat them for points. The game has 256 stages. Like Pac-Man, the 256th level cannot be finished because of a problem with the creation of the game.
The game has gameplay changes from the original Pac-Man. They include:
The game has four different mazes instead of one maze that is played for the whole game.
Three of the four mazes have two sets of warp tunnels instead of one.
Instead of staying in the middle of the maze, the fruit moves around the maze, going in and out of warp tunnels.
The ghosts have different behaviors.
The game has different sound effects and music. |
## 一、数组
数组是较为简单的数据结构，它**占据一块连续的内存**，并按照顺序存储数据。数组需要事先知道容量大小，然后根据大小分配存储空间，所以数组的**空间利用率不高**。数组有**很好的查找效率**，能在O(1)内找到元素。所以我们可以基于数组实现简单的hash表，提高查找效率。
关于数组是面试中常考的一种数据结构，此类的相关题目相对简单，一般通过数字规律，指针，动态规划等方法来解决。
## 二、目录
- [Partition Array](/algorithm/LeetCode/Array/Partition-Array.md)
- [Subarray Sum](/algorithm/LeetCode/Array/Subarray-Sum.md)
- [Plus One](/algorithm/LeetCode/Array/plus-one.md)
- [Palindrome Number](/algorithm/LeetCode/Array/Palindrome-Number.md)
- [Two Sum](/algorithm/LeetCode/Array/Two-Sum.md)
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The Caledonian Forest is a type of woodland that once covered vast areas of Scotland. Today, parts of the original forest survive, covering in 84 places. The forests are home to a wide variety of wildlife, much of which is not found elsewhere in the British Isles.
History
The Caledonian forests were formed at the end of the last ice age. Trees began to recolonise what is now the British Isles over a land bridge which is now beneath the English Channel. Forests of this type were found all over what is now the island of Great Britain for a short period. Then the climate began to warm and the pine wood retreated north into the Scottish Highlands.
The native pinewoods which formed this westernmost outpost of the boreal forest of Europe are estimated to have covered as a vast wilderness of pine, birch, rowan, aspen, juniper, oak and a few other species. On the west coast, oak and birch predominated in a temperate rainforest ecosystem rich in ferns, mosses and lichens.
The forest takes its name from the Romans, who called Scotland Caledonia, from the early Celtic word '*caleto-' meaning 'hard, strong'. The name was used by a local tribe or tribal confederation of native Picts or Britons called the Caledonii.
Rewilding
Today less than 1% of the original native pinewood forest survives, in isolated remnants. The only real future of the once great forest is rewilding. This amounts to keeping sections free of deer and hogs until trees have a chance to grow. Natural predators are also needed to keep control of herbivores which would otherwise eat everything before trees could grow. Alan Watson Featherstone explains his life's work.
Wildlife
A unique ecosystem in the British Isles, the Caledonian pinewoods are home to some of the country's rarest wildlife. It is one of the last remaining wildernesses in the British Isles, but most of it has gone.
Breeding bird species in Caledonian pine forests which breed nowhere else in the British Isles:
Black-throated diver
Capercaillie
Common goldeneye
Crested tit
Golden eagle
Greenshank
Horned grebe
Parrot crossbill
Red-throated diver
Redwing
Scottish crossbill
Temminck's stint
Wood sandpiper
Breeding bird species in Caledonian pine forests rare elsewhere in the British Isles:
Black grouse
Common crossbill
Goosander
Siskin
Redpoll
Osprey
Red-breasted merganser
Long-eared owl
Mammal species present in Caledonian pine forests:
European beaver
Feral goat
Mountain hare
Pine marten
Red deer
Red fox
Red squirrel
Roe deer
Wildcat |
Q:
Why is AngularJS include not working in this simple example?
This is the content of main page:
<html>
<head>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.5.8/angular.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello</h1>
<div ng-include="'goodbye.html'" ></div>
</body>
</html>
This is the content of goodbye.html :
<h1>Goodbye</h1>
It just shows the "Hello" and doesn't add the "Goodbye" to that. Why doesn't it include the goodbye.html?
A:
You are missing ng-app to bootstrap AngularJS.
Also, ng-include evaluate the expression passed so you need to pass a string 'goodbye.html', not goodbye.html
<html ng-app="example">
<head>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.5.8/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
angular.module('example',[]);
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello</h1>
<div ng-include="'goodbye.html'"></div>
</body>
</html>
|