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771070 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridled%20frog | Bridled frog | The bridled frog, bridle frog or tawny rocket frog (Litoria nigrofrenata) is a frog from Australia and Papua New Guinea. It lives in the Cape York Peninsula, islands in the Torres Strait, and northern Queensland and the Northern Territory.
This frog is about 45 mm long from nose to rear end. It is pale tan to dark red-brown in colour. This frog is known for its very clear black stripes, which can be long or short.
This frog lives in forests and swamps near dams and small streams.
It lays eggs 450 at a time in pools and streams. |
628534 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Harrison%20%28musician%29 | Mike Harrison (musician) | Mike Harrison (3 September 1945 - 25 March 2018) was an English musician and singer. He was known as a principal lead singer of Spooky Tooth. He has also been the lead singer in The V.I.P.s, Art and the Hamburg Blues Band, among others.
Harrison died in Carlisle, Cumbria on 25 March 2018 at the age of 72. |
717780 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila%20subobscura | Drosophila subobscura | Drosophila subobscura is a species of fruit fly in the family Drosophilidae.
It was originally found around the Mediterranean, but it has spread to most of Europe and the Near East. It has been introduced into the west coasts of Canada, the United States, and Chile.
This species is in the Sophophora subgenus.
Study organism for evolutionary biology
In 1933, A.H. Sturtevant captured a species of Drosophila in England. It was a member of Drosophila subobscura.
D. subobscura, with others in its species group, is a model organism for evolutionary-biological studies. Its genetics and ecology have been studied for over fifty years.
They have served as favourable models ever since Dobzhansky and his colleagues published their influential works in the 1930s and 40s.
Their use as a regular laboratory fly was promoted by J.B.S. Haldane and John Maynard Smith at University College London over a period of about 30 years. There it was used for research into population genetics, and for teaching genetics. For many years this species was the European "rival" to the D. pseudoobscura favoured by the group in California led by Dobzhansky. |
516737 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introducing%20Joss%20Stone | Introducing Joss Stone | Introducing Joss Stone is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 9 March 2007 by Virgin Records. The album peaked at number 12 on the UK Albums Chart. In the United States, it debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 chart.
Reviews
Introducing Joss Stone received mixed to positive criticism from critics.
Track listing
Sampling credits
"Headturner" contains an interpolation of "Respect" by Otis Redding.
"Music" contains an interpolation of "The Mask" by the Fugees.
"Proper Nice" contains an interpolation of "Catch Me (I'm Falling)" by Pretty Poison.
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Introducing Joss Stone. |
913496 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20named%20minor%20planets%3A%20Q | List of named minor planets: Q | Q
1297 Quadea
50000 Quaoar
1239 Queteleta
1915 Quetzalcoatl
755 Quintilla |
910196 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai%20Tak-fung | Tai Tak-fung | Stephen Tai Tak-fung GBM JP () is the founder and current board of directors of Sizhou Group (). He is also serving as the Chairman of the Hong Kong Food Investment Holdings Limited ().
Life
Stephen Tai Tak-fung was born and brought up in Puning city, Guangdong Province, China. He started career in snack businesses by founding the company named "Snack Talk". He later establisged Sizhou Group and Gongdelin Vegetarian that fetched him the title "Snack King". After the success of his career, he invested in public welfare causes including education, disasters, and culture. He has held a number of social positions in both mainland China and Hong Kong. |
659804 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tompkins%20County%2C%20New%20York | Tompkins County, New York | Tompkins County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, 105,740 people lived there. The county seat is Ithaca. The name is in honor of Daniel D. Tompkins, who served as Governor of New York and Vice President of the United States.
Groton City is a ghost town.
Tompkins County has three colleges and universities: Cornell University, Ithaca College and Tompkins-Cortland Community College. |
1021919 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%20El%20Republic | Mari El Republic | Mari El (; ; ), officially the Mari El Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is along the northern bank of the Volga River. In 2010, 696,459 people lived in the republic. Yoshkar-Ola is the capital and largest city. |
911494 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz%20Borowski%20%28actor%29 | Tadeusz Borowski (actor) | Tadeusz Borowski (9 July 1941 - 4 March 2022) was a Polish actor. He was born in Warsaw, Poland. His career began in 1963. He was known for playing Eugeniusz Trushinsky in Remember Your Name (1974), Marian Rejewski in Sekret Enigmy (1979) and as Dr. Sanchez in Chopin: Desire for Love (2002).
Borowski died of natural causes in Warsaw on 4 March 2022, aged 80. |
31928 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Hardy | Thomas Hardy | Thomas Hardy OM (2 June 1840 - 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet. In the U.K. Hardy is generally thought to be one of the greatest figures in English literature. He lived in the Victorian era.
Early life
Thomas Hardy was born in Upper Bockhampton near Dorchester, Dorset. His father was a stonemason. His mother had read a lot. She added to his formal education. Hardy trained as an architect in Dorchester before moving to London to get a job. He won prizes from the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Architectural Association.
Career
Hardy wrote a small number of novels which earned him a high reputation in his lifetime. These include Tess of the d'Urbervilles, The Mayor of Casterbridge and Far from the Madding Crowd. After the publication of Jude the Obscure in 1895 Hardy gave up novel writing but continued to write poetry including an epic poem called The Dynasts. Hardy set his novels in South West England, calling it 'Wessex'. He invented names for the towns, e.g. "Casterbridge" is Dorchester in Dorset. Hardy died in Dorchester. His ashes are buried in Westminster Abbey. |
851053 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20Copa%20Am%C3%A9rica | 2021 Copa América | The 2021 Copa America was the 47th edition of the Copa America, the international men's football championship organised by South America's CONMEBOL.
The tournament took place in Brazil from 13 June to 10 July 2021. The tournament was originally scheduled to take place from 12 June to 12 July 2020 in Argentina and Colombia as the 2020 Copa America. On 17 March 2020, CONMEBOL announced that because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the tournament had been postponed for a year.
Argentina won the tournament after defeating Brazil. |
933004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreeva%20Bay | Andreeva Bay | Andreeva Bay is a bay in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. The bay is a radioactive waste repository (or a place to store things).
As of 2022, the cleaning up of nuclear waste is not complete; Russian authorities said in May 2022 that half of the nuclear waste has been cleaned up in the last 5 years.
History
The bay became a radioactive waste repository in 1961. The bay is 55 km (34 mi) northwest of Murmansk (city) and 60 km (37 mi) from the Norwegian border, on the western shore of the Zapadnaya Litsa (Kola Peninsula).
In February 1982, the Andreev Bay nuclear accident happened.
In 2022, NRK.no published a photo of a crane; The website says that the crane has removed half of the nuclear waste from the bay. |
620 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program | Program | The term Program can be used in many ways.
A program or programme can be a plan of how to do something. It tells the steps that we think we need to do to make something happen. For example, a government might make a program to improve the health of the people in part of a country by giving the people better food, by helping to kill insects that carry diseases, and by bringing more doctors.
A computer program is a set of computer instructions. A set of computer instructions is called Program and a set of program is called software. All software must have these three parts.
Television program(me) is a show that is on television.
Radio program is similar to a television program but it is on the radio.
Webcast is similar to a television program but it is shown on the Internet. |
938321 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton%2C%20Minnesota | Carlton, Minnesota | Carlton is the county seat of Carlton County, Minnesota, United States. |
266522 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual%20disability | Intellectual disability | Intellectual disability is a condition of the brain. People suffering from it are not as smart as the average person of their age group; because of this, they often have trouble with getting through daily life, without the help of others. The condition is also known as intellectual developmental disability, or general learning disability. It used to be called mental retardation but that term is not used very much any more. It is classified as a learning disability. Intellectual disability becomes apparent in childhood. There are a number of conditions that show as intelectual disability.
There are two main forms: In one form, the disability occurs together with other healh issues (or syndromes), in the other it occurs on its own.
What is an intellectual disability?
To have an intellectual disability, a person must:
Have an intelligence quotient (IQ) score of less than 70 (this is just over two people in a hundred) and
Have trouble with parts of daily life.
Types of intellectual disabilities
There are two major types of intellectual disability.
The first is syndromic intellectual disability. This means that the person has a syndrome that causes intellectual disability, as well as medical issues and other problems. Down syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome are two examples of syndromic intellectual disabilities.
The second is non-syndromic intellectual disability. This means that the intellectual disability is not a part of a syndrome.
Levels of intellectual disability
There are three levels of intellectual disability, based on how severe a person's disability is:
The first and most common is mild intellectual disability. A person with mild intellectual disability can usually act without help from other people, but may need help with things like paying taxes.
The second level is moderate intellectual disability. Someone with moderate intellectual disability has an IQ between 40 and 55. They cannot live by themselves, but can learn to perform basic tasks.
The third level is severe intellectual disability. Someone with severe intellectual disability needs a lot of help and can only do simple things.
Mild intellectual disability may not be noticed until a child starts school. Moderate and severe intellectual disability can be seen before a child starts school.
How common are intellectual disabilities?
Intellectual disability affects about 2 to 3% of the general population. Seventy-five to ninety percent of the affected people have mild intellectual disability. Non-syndromic, or idiopathic cases account for 30 to 50% of these cases. About a quarter of cases are caused by a genetic disorder, and about 5% of cases are inherited. Cases of unknown cause affect about 95 million people .
The top three most common causes of intellectual disability are Down syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, and Fetal alcohol syndrome.
Genetic disorders
Genetic disorders are caused by problems with a child's genes. Children are born with these disorders.
For example, Down syndrome happens when a child has an extra copy of chromosome 21. Another example is DiGeorge syndrome. This is caused by the deletion of a small segment of chromosome 22.
Problems during pregnancy
Substances called teratogens can prevent a fetus from developing normally. If a teratogen enters a woman's body while she is pregnant, it can cause developmental problems, like intellectual disabilities.
Examples of teratogens that can cause intellectual disabilities include:
Alcohol
Alcohol is the most common cause of intellectual disability which can be prevented. Alcohol is poisonous to a fetus and can cause fetal alcohol syndrome if a mother drinks while pregnant
Illegal drugs
Certain medications, like warfarin (a blood-thinning medicine) and thalidomide
Certain toxic chemicals, like lead and mercury, if a woman is exposed to enough of them during her pregnancy
Certain diseases, like rubella and syphilis, if the mother has them during pregnancy
Problems during birth
For example, if a child does not get enough oxygen during birth, it can hurt the brain and lead to intellectual disability later.
Diseases and trauma
Some childhood illnesses, like measles and whooping cough, can cause intellectual disability if not treated properly. So can infections that affect the brain, like meningitis and viral encephalitis.
Brain injuries can cause intellectual disability at any age.
Malnutrition
Lack of proper nutrition can lead to intellectual disability over time.
Not having enough iodine in the body
Iodine deficiency (not having enough iodine in the body) can lead to several medical issues, including intellectual disability. The most common way to prevent this is by adding iodine to salt. This is a much more common problem in developing countries.
Diagnosis
In the DSM, there are three requirements a person has to meet in order to be diagnosed with an intellectual disability.
Low intelligence quotient (IQ)
First, the person must have a low intelligence quotient (IQ). IQ is measured with an IQ test.
If the person has an IQ of below 70, they may have an intellectual disability. However, they must still meet the other two requirements to be diagnosed with an intellectual disability.
Trouble with daily activities
Second, to qualify for an intellectual disability, a person must have trouble in more than one area of normal daily activities. These activities are often called "adaptive behaviors" or "activities of daily living (ADLs)." Some examples of adaptive behavior are:
Getting dressed
Using the bathroom
Eating and drinking
Being able to have a conversation
Acting properly in different situations
To see if a child is having trouble with these, a doctor will talk to people who know the child, and will watch the child's behavior.
Beginning in childhood
The final requirement is that the symptoms of intellectual disability have to begin in childhood or adolescence. If the issues do not start at a young age, they are probably caused by a different illness of the brain.
Management
There is currently no cure for intellectual disability. Those affected can learn to cope and do many things, if they get enough support and are taught well. There are many places around the world for someone with intellectual disability to get help. These places, such as group homes, can take care of people with intellectual disabilities, as well as help them find jobs, find a house of their own, or help them take care of their children.
There are some different ways for people with intellectual disability and those around them to learn how to help the person with the disability. One kind is psychosocial treatment. This is meant for very young children. Psychosocial treatment helps them learn basic skills and increase learning over their lifetime. Another kind is behavioral treatment. This is meant to help young people, but can be used for adults as well. Behavior treatment helps teach language skills as well as social skills like sharing or following instructions. A third kind of help is cognitive-behavioral treatment. This is a combination of the previous two treatments. Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps children with intellectual disability both learn skills and learn how to plan ahead. Another type of help a person with intellectual disability can get is family-oriented help. Family-oriented help focuses on teaching family members how to help the person in their family with intellectual disability.
Many people with an intellectual disability have other health problems, for which they will be given specific drugs. As an example, autistic children with developmental delay may use anti-psychotics or mood stabilizers to help with behavior. Giving drugs to intellectually disabled people needs to be monitored; side-effects often occur, and are wrongly diagnosed as problems with behavior or as psychiatric problems.
History
People have had intellectual disability throughout history. People with intellectual disability have had a lot of trouble in the past. The oldest idea of where intellectual disability came from was in ancient Greece. Hippocrates thought that intellectual disability was caused by an issue with the four humors. For several hundred years in Europe, churches took care of people with intellectual disabilities. In the 17th century, Thomas Willis suggested that intellectual disability was a disease caused by issues with the structure of the brain. In the 18th and 19th centuries, people with intellectual disabilities were put in asylums. The asylums would give them basics like food and shelter, but were not always good to the people in them. In the early 20th century, people with intellectual disability were made to not be able to have children and could not marry. It was thought that this would reduce the amount of intellectual disabilities in the future. This is not done anymore because it does not follow the idea of human rights.
In the 1950s, a group called the Civitans started to help people with intellectual disability. In the '70s, many people wanted to remove the stigma around people with intellectual disability. Now, people with intellectual disability are treated as people with something to be fixed instead of less than "normal" people. There are also fewer people with intellectual disability being sent to asylums.
Words that were used to describe people with an intellectual disability have changed a lot. The most common words used today are "special", "challenged", "learning disabled" and "developmentally delayed". Some previous words to describe people with intellectual disability are "cretin", "idiot", "imbecile", "moron", and "retarded", all of which are now regarded as insulting.
Society
People with intellectual disability are often treated badly by people without disabilities. They are often not allowed to make choices about their own lives and are not considered a full part of society. Their abusers are often people who are supposed to care for them. 39-83% of women with intellectual disability will be sexually abused before they are 18 years old.
The dignity and human rights of people with intellectual disability are protected by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as well as other disabilities and equally like other persons without disabilities. |
381584 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ry%2C%20Yonne | Héry, Yonne | Hery is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. |
968405 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t%20Bring%20Me%20Down | Don't Bring Me Down | "Don't Bring Me Down" is the ninth and final track from Electric Light Orchestra's eighth studio album Discovery. It went to number 1 in Canada, number 2 in Austria and Switzerland, number 3 in the United Kingdom, number 4 in the United States, number 5 in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands and number 6 in Australia, Ireland and New Zealand. |
733344 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keene%2C%20New%20Hampshire | Keene, New Hampshire | Keene is the only city in and the seat of Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 23,409 at the 2010 census. |
128026 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20yak | Wild yak | The wild yak (Bos mutus) is a large wild bovid native to the Himalayas in Central Asia. It is the ancestor of the domestic yak (Bos grunniens).
Most yaks are domestic, which means they live on farms run by people. There are a few wild yak but there are not many left and are in danger of extinction. There may be as few as 100 yak left in the wild. Wild male yaks stand about 2-2.2 meters tall at the shoulder, the females about 1 metre. Domestic Yaks are shorter, between 1 and 2 metres for both males and females. All yaks have long, thick hair to keep them warm in the cold places they live. Wild yaks can be black or brown. Some domestic yaks are white. All kinds of yaks have horns.
Life
Yaks are herd animals. This means they live in groups called herds. Yaks are herbivores, they don't eat meat. The oldest yaks can live up to 25 years. |
286321 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory%20Monteith | Cory Monteith | Cory Allan Michael Monteith (May 11, 1982-July 13, 2013) was a Canadian actor and musician, best known for his role as Finn Hudson on the Fox television series Glee.
Acting career
Monteith was born in Calgary, but raised in Victoria, British Columbia. He began his acting career in Vancouver, British Columbia. He played small roles in Final Destination 3, Whisper and Deck the Halls. He had a regular role in Kyle XY. He also guest starred in such Canadian-filmed television shows as Smallville, Supernatural, Flash Gordon, Stargate Atlantis and Stargate SG-1.
In 2005 he acted in Killer Bash about a murdered geek's soul taking revenge on his murderer's children by taking over a girl's body. In 2007, he starred in the MTV series Kaya.
In 2009, Monteith was cast in the Fox series Glee, playing Finn Hudson, the male lead of the glee club and the quarterback of McKinley High School. For his audition tape, he drummed on Tupperware using pencils. The first time he sang in front of an audience was at his in-person audition, at which he sang "Honesty" by Billy Joel. He and Lea Michele, his Glee co-star, were included in Entertainment Weekly'''s 2009 "Summer Must List", being named "Summer's Must Songbirds" for their roles as Finn and Rachel on Glee, respectively.
In April 2010, Monteith was cast in the romantic comedy movie Monte Carlo. In May 2010, the cast of Glee went on a two week live tour with stops in Los Angeles, Phoenix, Chicago and New York City. The cast performed many hits from the show and had several skits between songs.
On August 8, 2010 he co-hosted the Teen Choice Awards. Monteith hosted the Gemini Awards in Toronto on November 13, 2010.
In January 2011, he was filmed for the movie Sisters and Brothers with Dustin Milligan, and it was announced that Monteith is at the center of a new untitled workplace comedy, starring and co-producing.
Music career
Monteith played drums for the Indie rock band "Bonnie Dune" based in Los Angeles. Members include lead singer Justin Wilczynski (who co-starred with Monteith on the short-lived MTV series Kaya''), guitarist Seth Roberts (who is the singer of the band Lakes), and bassist Josh Kerr.
Personal life
Monteith was born in Calgary, Alberta and raised in Victoria, British Columbia. He had one older brother. His parents divorced when he was 7 years old. He lived with his mother in Calgary, Alberta, with his father living in Oromocto, New Brunswick. Before becoming an actor, he worked in Nanaimo, British Columbia as a Wal-Mart people greeter, at a car wash, taxicab driver, school bus driver and roofer.
He lived in Los Angeles. He dropped out of school in the ninth grade. Monteith said in an interview: "It wasn't for me. I can remember ever since about the sixth or seventh grade, I just didn't understand why I had to learn what I was learning. For some reason, there was a spirit of rebellion in me."
Death
Monteith was found dead in his Fairmont Pacific Rim hotel room on July 13, 2013 in Vancouver, British Columbia. He was 31. The cause of his death was of a drug overdose of heroin and alcohol. |
247332 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaki%20Iwamoto | Masaki Iwamoto | Masaki Iwamoto (born 30 October 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for HOYO Atletico ELAN Oita. |
811065 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethany%20Joy%20Lenz | Bethany Joy Lenz | Bethany Joy Lenz (born April 2, 1981) is an American actress, singer-songwriter and filmmaker. She played Haley James Scott on The CW's television series One Tree Hill. She also played Michelle Bauer Santos in CBS' soap opera Guiding Light.
Lenz' first professional job was in a commercial for dolls from the teen drama series Swans Crossing. She also appeared in commercials for Dr. Pepper and Eggo.
Lenz was born in Hollywood, Florida. |
732908 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Morning | This Morning | This Morning is a British daytime television programme that is broadcast on ITV in the United Kingdom and Virgin Media One in the Republic of Ireland. It features news, home, food, health and entertainment segments. The current main presenters are Holly Willoughby, Alison Hammond and Dermot O'Leary.
The show aired its first episode on 3 October 1988. The longest serving presenter of the show is Ruth Langsford who presented the series continously for 21 years since 1999. The show was originally presented by husband and wife duo Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan until 2001.
It is currently presented by Holly Willoughby from Monday to Thursday, and Dermot O'Leary and Alison Hammond on Fridays and holidays. Josie Gibson and Craig Doyle are also recurring presenters. From 2002 to 2023, Phillip Schofield was also one of the main hosts but he resigned due to several controversies. |
241629 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryu%20Saito | Ryu Saito | Ryu Saito (born 18 September 1979) is a former Japanese football player. |
548671 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9koumou%20Department | Lékoumou Department | Lekoumou is a departement of the Republic of the Congo, in the south. Its capital is Sibiti. |
675791 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Masinga | Phil Masinga | Philemon Raul Masinga (28 June 1969 - 13 January 2019) was a South African professional footballer and manager who played as a striker from 1990 to 2002. He was renowned as a strong who stood out for his leadership on the pitch, and he was known for his great dribbling, speed, and his incredible goalscoring ability and finishing, he is widely regarded as one of the best South African strikers of all time.
Club career
He made his debut for Jomo Cosmos in 1990, before moving on to Mamelodi Sundowns.
In 1994 he left for English Premier League club Leeds United; the deal that his agent Marcelo Houseman did with Leeds manager Howard Wilkinson also involved Lucas Radebe moving to Leeds from Kaizer Chiefs. He played in the English Premier League for two years, playing 31 games and scoring five goals, and also scored a hat-trick in an FA Cup tie against Walsall on 17 January 1995.
Masinga moved to Switzerland with St. Gallen in 1996, followed by spells in Italy with Salernitana and Bari. In 2001, a return to English Football with Coventry City fell through after he failed to secure a work permit, following which he moved to Al Wahda FC in Abu Dhabi where he completed his playing career.
International career
Masinga made his international debut in July 1992 against Cameroon; this was South Africa's first match following readmission of the country to international football.
In an African Cup of Nations qualifier versus Zambia in 1992, Masinga became the first South African ever to be sent off in an international match. He was in the Bafana Bafana side when South Africa won the African Cup of Nations in 1996 and when they finished second to Egypt in the 1998 African Cup of Nations. "Chippa", as he was affectionately known, scored the decisive goal in the 1997 game against the Republic of the Congo that took South Africa to the 1998 World Cup in France. He played 58 games for his country, scoring 18 goals.
International goals
Managerial career
In 2006, Masinga briefly coached PJ Stars, a now-defunct third-division South African club.
Honours
Jomo Cosmos
Nedbank Cup: 1990
Mamelodi Sundowns
National Soccer League: 1993
Leeds United
League Cup; Runner-up: 1996
South Africa
Africa Cup of Nations winners: 1996
Africa Cup of Nations runner-up: 1998
Death
On 13 January 2019, the president of the South African Football Association, Danny Jordaan, announced his death. Masinga had been admitted to hospital the previous month, due to cancer. |
971517 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A8vec%C5%93ur-sur-l%27Escaut | Crèvecœur-sur-l'Escaut | Crevecoeur-sur-l'Escaut is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. |
646921 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havre%2C%20Montana | Havre, Montana | Havre ( ) is the county seat and largest city in Hill County, Montana, in the United States. Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line. It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France.
As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310, and in 2016 the estimated population was 9,846.
Havre was incorporated in 1893. It was founded mainly as a railroad service center for the Great Northern Railway.
A buffalo jump, named the Too Close for Comfort Site, is just outside of town. The Milk River is also nearby. |
78397 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeu%20de%20paume | Jeu de paume | Jeu de paume was originally a French game similar to lawn tennis, but played without racquets. The players hit the ball with their hands as in volleyball. Jeu de paume literally means: game of palm (of the hand). After some time gloves replaced bare hands. But even when bats, and finally racquets, became standard equipment for the game, the name did not change. It became known as "tennis" in English (see History of tennis), and later "real tennis" after lawn tennis became more popular than the parent game.
Some important buildings in France are known by the name jeu de paume, in general because they are near to tennis courts or to sites on which courts once stood. Several works of art also bear this name, including the famous serment du jeu de paume ('the Tennis Court Oath') in the Palace of Versailles. It depicts the formal announcement of the French revolution made in the Royal Tennis Court there on 20 June, 1789. |
170750 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographical%20error | Typographical error | A typographical error or typo is a word that has been spelt wrong by accident. There are a few ways to make a typo:
Hitting the wrong key while typing. Example: "Tom amd Jane are friends."
Pressing the keys in the wrong order. Example: "Tom nad Jane are friends."
Forgetting to press a key. Example "Tom nd Jane are friends."
Holding a key too long, causing a letting to be typed twice. Example "Tom andd Jane are friends."
Typography |
656869 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert%20Parks | Bert Parks | Bert Parks (born Bertram Jacobson; December 30, 1914 - February 2, 1992) was an American actor, singer, and radio and television announcer. He was best known for hosting the annual Miss America pageants from 1955 to 1979.
The first game show that Parks hosted was Party Line on NBC. Other games Parks hosted in early television included Stop the Music, Masquerade Party and the pilot for Hollywood Squares.
Parks was known for singing "There She Is, Miss America" to each new Miss America when he hosted the pageant.
Parks was born in Atlanta, Georgia to a Jewish family. He died from lung cancer near La Jolla, California at the age of seventy-seven. |
328273 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasha%20Grey | Sasha Grey | Sasha Grey (born Marina Ann Hantzis on March 14, 1988) is an American former pornographic actress, who now does ordinary acting, modelling, and music. She was born and raised in North Highlands, California. In 2005, she started taking acting, dancing and music lessons. After she turned 18, she started to participate in pornographic movies in Los Angeles. She is openly bisexual.
Grey has released two books. A photo book, Neu Sex, was released on March 29, 2011 by VICE books. On May 9, 2013 The Juliette Society, an erotic novel, was published by Sphere.
She has been in three music videos. |
959835 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goofball%20%28EP%29 | Goofball (EP) | Goofball is the second extended play by English music producer and sound designer Eddie Jefferys, known as his stage name Moody Good. It was released by English record label Never Say Die on 15 March 2019. It has four songs, including a collaboration with Australian electronic music producer Hydraulix. |
446894 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor%20Eggman | Doctor Eggman | Dr. Ivo "Eggman" Robotnik is the main antagonist of Sonic the Hedgehog. He first appeared in 1991 in the game Sonic the Hedgehog for Sega Mega Drive. He last appeared in 2022 in the game Sonic Frontiers.
Creation
In April 1990, Sega wanted a character to replace Alex Kidd as the company's mascot. One of the designs was a caricature of Theodore Roosevelt. This became the basis for the design of Dr. Eggman. They wanted a character that was the opposite of Sonic, a character that would represent technology and development. The character was also designed to be easily drawable by children.
Features
Eggman is a distinguished scientist and mechanical genius with an IQ of 300. He is an expert in the field of robotics. Despite all this, Eggman uses intelligence on purposes. He attempts to conquer the world and create his own utopia. Despite many setbacks, he never gives up and he does not care what others think of his actions. He considers anyone who opposes his plans is a serious threat. Despite his intellect, Eggman is often insane. Sometimes he can't even except the fact that he is in trouble. He also doesn't like snooping. |
529692 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabzada%20Yaqub%20Khan | Sahabzada Yaqub Khan | Sahabzada Yaqub Khan (23 December 1920 - 26 January 2016) was a high-profile Pakistani figure and high-ranking general. He was the most senior figure in military and government assignments in the Pakistan Government. He was born in Rampur, India.
He was an important figure in Pakistan that related to international affairs for thirty years. He served as the foreign minister under President General Zia-ul-Haq from 1982 to 1991 and as the caretaker foreign minister from 1996 to 1997. He also served as the Pakistan Ambassador of the United States serving from 1973 though 1979.
Khan died in Islamabad on 26 January 2016 at the age of 95. |
800794 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20and%20Overseas%20Voter%20Empowerment%20Act | Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act | The Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act is a United States law made in 2009. It made it easier for Americans who live outside the United States to vote in United States elections.
The law says that each state has to allow people to register to vote through the Internet. It says the states must send ballots to its voters at least 45 days before each election.
President Barack Obama signed the bill. Senator Charles Schumer sponsored it. |
173046 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corned%20beef | Corned beef | Corned beef is a cut of beef that has been pickled or cured in brine. Corned beef is a common meat in deli sandwiches. Corned beef is eaten by people on Saint Patrick's Day with cabbage. |
513324 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford%2C%20Texas | Bedford, Texas | Bedford, Texas is a suburban city in northeast Tarrant County, Texas, in the "Mid-Cities" area between Dallas and Fort Worth.
Public schools in Bedford are part of the Hurst-Euless-Bedford Independent School District. |
283945 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%20Australian%20Open | 2011 Australian Open | The 2011 Australian Open was a tennis tournament featuring six different competitions. It was part of the 2011 ATP World Tour, the 2011 WTA Tour, ITF Junior Tour and the NEC Tour. The tournament took place at Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 17 January to 30 January. The event was the 99th edition of the Australian Open. It was also the first Grand Slam event of 2011. The tournament was played on hard courts. It was organised by the International Tennis Federation and Tennis Australia.
Novak Djokovic won the Australian Open for the second time. Kim Clijsters won her first Australian Open title. In the men's doubles the Bryan Brothers won their fifth Australian Open. Gisela Dulko and Flavia Pennetta won their first Grand Slam title in the women's doubles. Daniel Nestor claimed his second mixed doubles Grand Slam alongside Katarina Srebotnik who won her fourth mixed title.
In the junior tournaments both the singles and doubles titles in the boys and girls events were won by Jiri Vesely and An-Sophie Mestach. Vesely won the doubles alongside Filip Horansky. Mestach won her doubles crown with Demi Schuurs. Vesely and Mestach won their first Grand Slam titles. They became the first players to achieve the junior double together since Kristian Pless and Virginie Razzano. They achieved this at the 1999 Australian Open.
Shingo Kunieda and Esther Vergeer both won the singles and doubles in the men's and women's wheelchair tennis events. Kunieda won his fourth Australian Open in a row, his fifth overall. In the doubles Kuneda was partnered to the title by Maikel Scheffers. Vergeer's singles win was her eighth Australian Open crown. It was also her 17th Grand Slam title overall. The final also marked the fourth time that she has not lost a game during a Grand Slam final. The win in the final was Vergeer's 404th match win in a row. Vergeer was partnered by Sharon Walraven in the doubles. In the mixed events David Wagner won the singles. Andrew Lapthorne and Peter Norfolk won the doubles competition.
Tournament
The 2011 Australian Open was the 99th edition of the Australian Open. It was held at Melbourne Park, in Melbourne, Victoria. The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF). It was part of the 2011 ATP World Tour and the 2011 WTA Tour calendars. The tournament consisted of men's and women's singles and doubles draws as well as a mixed doubles event. There was also singles and doubles events for boys and girls (players under 18). The tournament was part of the Grade A group of tournaments of the junior tour. There was also events for wheelchair tennis players (they competed in three categories: men, women and quadipedic) as part of the NEC tour. The tournament was played on hard courts. The three biggest courts used were the Hisense Arena, the Margaret Court Arena and the Rod Laver Arena.
Points and prize money
Point distribution
Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event.
Seniors points
Junior points
Wheelchair points
Prize money
The 2011 Australian Open offered record prize money to both men and women. It had a total of A$25 million (US$24 million), up 3.8% on the total prize money from 2010. The winners of the singles titles took home A$2.2 million (US$2.1 million). The finalists finalists were given A$1.1 million (US$1 million). Below is the list of prize money given to each player in the main draw of the professional competitions; all prize money is in Australian dollars (A$). Prize money for the doubles is given as a team.
Men's and Women's Singles
Winners: $2,200,000
Runners-up: $1,100,000
Semi-finalists: $420,000
Quarter-finalists: $210,000
Fourth round: $93,000
Third round: $54,500
Second round: $32,000
First round: $20,000
Men's and Women's Doubles
Winners: $454,500
Runners-up: $227,250
Semi-finalists: $113,000
Quarter-finalists: $56,000
Third round: $31,500
Second round: $17,200
First round: $9,600
Mixed Doubles
Winners: $135,500
Runners-up: $67,500
Semi-finalists: $33,900
Quarter-finalists: $15,500
Second round: $7,800
First round: $3,800
Events
Seniors
There were five competitions open to professional tennis players. The Association of Tennis Professionals and Women's Tennis Association awarded ranking points in all events apart from the mixed doubles. The singles draws were contested by one hundred and twenty eight players. Sixty four teams took part in the doubles events. Thirty two teams lined up in the mixed doubles competition.
Men's Singles
At the start of the 2011 Australian Open, World Number one Rafael Nadal was on the edge of history. He had a chance to become the first man since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four Grand Slams at the same time. He had won the previous three. This would not be the Grand Slam, but the media had named it the "Rafa Slam." The name came from the "Serena Slam" which was used when Serena Williams won all four Grand Slam titles in a row.
Nadal was the number one seed and led the field. The other top ten seeds were; sixteen time Grand Slam champion, Roger Federer, 2008 Australian Open winner Novak Djokovic, two time Grand Slam finalists Robin Soderling and Andy Murray, Wimbledon runner up Tomas Berdych, David Ferrer, 2003 US Open champion Andy Roddick, Fernando Verdasco and Mikhail Youzhny.
The start of the 2011 Australian Open saw all the seeds make it to the second round. But Gulbis, Querrey, who lost in the fifth set 8-6 and Davydenko did not win. Montanes, Fish, Monfils, Baghdatis, Tsonga, Bellucci and Nalbandian won their matches in the final set. The second round saw Michael Llodra lose to qualifier Milos Raonic, Feliciano Lopez who went out to Wildcard Bernard Tomic, Juan Monaco lost to Robin Haase, Fish lose to Robredo and Montanes lost to Malisse. While Nalbandian had to retire against Berenkis and Bellucci lost 8-6 in the final set to Hernych. Youzhny, Verdasco, Almagro and Federer all survived final set deciders to progress to the third round. Raonic continued his form from the previous round as he upset Youzhny this time in four sets, the biggest upset to date. While Alexandr Dolgopolov upset Tsonga, coming back two sets to one down. The third round is also where the seeds meet for the first time, so Garcia-Lopez, Baghdatis, Gasquet, Ljubicic and Troicki all exited to higher seeds. Although Stanislas Wawrinka who was the nineteenth seed managed to defeat Gael Monfils the twelfth seed in straight sets. While Marin Cilic, semifinalist from 2010 defeated John Isner 9-7 in the final set. The fourth round saw Ferrer end Raonic's run, and Dolgopolov edge out Soderling in the final set for the biggest upset in the tournament to date. There were also wins for Berdych, Djokovic, Federer, Murray and Nadal, all except Federer eliminated other seeds. There was one other upset as nineteenth seed Wawrinka beat Roddick in straight sets.
Djokovic, Federer and Murray successfully made their way into the semifinals, however the upset of the tournament happened as Nadal went out. The "Rafa Slam" attempt came to an end on Australia Day in straight sets against Ferrer, a year to the day since Nadal last lost a Grand Slam match. The semifinals witness Djokovic taking out Federer in straight sets while Murray overcame Ferrer the next night in four sets. In the final Djokovic defeated Murray for his second Australian Open crown in straight sets.
Championship match result
Novak Djokovic def. Andy Murray, 6-4, 6-2, 6-3.
Women's Singles
The 2011 women's draw was missing its defending champion Serena Williams who pulled out in late 2010 due to ligament damage. World number one Caroline Wozniacki of Denmark was the number one seed. The Dane headed up the top ten seeds which included Vera Zvonareva, three time US Open champion Kim Clijsters, seven time Grand Slam champion Venus Williams, Samantha Stosur, reigning French Open Champion Francesca Schiavone, Jelena Jankovic, Victoria Azarenka, Li Na and Shahar Pe'er. Former Grand Slam champions, Justine Henin, Ana Ivanovic, Svetlana Kuznetsova and Maria Sharapova were also seeded.
The start of the 2011 Australian Open saw all the seeds apart from Rezai, Hantuchova, Dulgheru. The biggest upset of the first round was Ivanovic losing 10-8 in the final set to Ekaterina Makarova while Schiavone survived after being a set down to win the final set. The biggest loser in the second round was Jankovic as she lost to Peng in straight sets. The Serb was not the only seed to exit though as Iveta Benesova defeated Maria Kirilenko, Martinez-Sanchez lost to Cornet, Kleybanova, Kanepi, Pironkova, Bartoli and Wickmayer all joined her on the plane home. While Schiavone had to survive another final set decider this time winning it 9-7. The third round saw Kutznetsova defeat Henin, in what turned out to be the Belgium's last ever match as she announced her retirement in the second week of the tournament. Whilst Andrea Petkovic had a virtual bye into round four as Williams retired after just seven points of their match. Makarova caused another upset as she knocked out Nadia Petrova while Benesova defeated Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the final set. Other seeds who went out to other seeded players were Cibulkova, Peer who lost in the final set. While Petra Kvitova ended home hopes as she disposed of Stosur, while Sharapova had to come from a set down to progress to the next round.
The fourth round witnessed women's tennis history, as the match between Kuznetsova and Schiavone broke records. The match became the longest match, in terms of time for women in a Grand Slam as it lasted for 4 hours, and 44 minutes. At 8-7 in the final set Kutznetsova had three match points, but the Italian saved all three. In the next game Schiavone broke her opponents serve but touched the net after hitting the winner, meaning the point went to Kutznetsova, when holding three break points. Kutznetsova had another three match points in the next game before a run of four games in a row where the serve was broken. Finally after breaking in the previous game and missing three match points Schiavone closed the match out to win 16-14 in the final set. Other fourth round matches saw Sevastova's run end against Wozniacki and Makarova's end against Clijsters, while Petkovic upset Sharapova in straight sets. Other upsets saw the seeded players of Li and Kvitova defeat higher seeded players.
The quarterfinals witnessed Wozniacki put an end to Schiavone's run by winning a final set decider. Into the semifinals with the Dane were Li who defeated Petkovic, Clijsters who defeated Radwanska and Zvonerava who took care of Kvitova. In the first semifinal Li caused an upset, as she saved match point, to defeat the world number one Wozniacki in three sets. Her opponent in the final, Clijsters, won in straight sets against Zvonerava. In the final Clijsters came from a set down to claim her first Australian Open title. It was her fourth grand slam title in her career and second consecutive slam having won the US Open in 2010.
Championship match result
Kim Clijsters def. Li Na, 3-6, 6-3, 6-3.
Men's Doubles
The 2011 men's doubles competition saw the two-time defending champions and four-time champions overall come back to defend the two previous titles in the team of Bob and Mike Bryan, which they were the number one seeded team in the draw. Out of all of the seeded players, the teams that lost in the first round were the teams of 7th seeded Lukas Dlouhy and Paul Hanley, 9th seeded team of Wesley Moodie and Dick Norman, 11th seeds Robert Lindstedt and Horia Tecau, Nicolas Almagro and Marc Lopez the 15th seeds, Marcelo Melo and Bruno Soares the 16th seeded team. Those teams that lost in the second round of the event are the two teams of Mark Knowles and Michal Mertinak the 12 seeds, and the 14th seeded Jonathan Erlich and Andy Ram. The only third round exit was by 13th seeded Marcel Granollers and Tommy Robredo. All of the top eight seeds made the quarterfinal or better with the lone exception of the seventh seeded team. Lastly, this event saw four teams exit in the quarterfinal round, which those was the 4th seeded team of Lukasz Kubot and Oliver Marach, Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski the 5 seeded team, the 6th seeded and 2010 Wimbledon Champions Jurgen Melzer and Philipp Petzschner, and the 8th seeded team of Michael Llodra and Nenad Zimonjic.
Thus, only three seeded teams survived to make it to the semifinals, which the lone team to lose during this stage was the second seeded team of Max Mirnyi and Daniel Nestor. This set up a dynamic final of the 1st and 3rd seeded teams respectively in the Bryan Brothers and the Indian duo of Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes, which the Indian team never has won the Australian Open in men's doubles. This would be the third time that they would lose in the final, but albeit in different years.
So, this was the Bryan Brothers' fifth Australian Open title in Men's doubles in the past six years, which this win was the third consecutive title at the event for them having won in 2009 and 2010, and the other two years they won were in 2006 and 2007. This was the Bryan Brothers tenth Men's Doubles Grand Slam title for their careers.
Championship match result
Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan def. Mahesh Bhupathi / Leander Paes, 6-3, 6-4.
Women's Doubles
The 2011 women's doubles competition was wide open with no team in the field having previously won a grand slam. Argentina's Gisela Dulko and Flavia Pennetta of Italy led the field as the number one seeds, who had won seven titles in 2010 including the WTA championships but they had never been past a Grand Slam semifinal. Second seeds were the French Open finalists Kveta Peschke and Katarina Srebotnik, who had already won a tournament in 2011, the ASB Classic. Number three seeds are the US Open finalists Liezel Huber and Nadia Petrova; the number four seeds are the 2009 WTA Champions Nuria Llagostera Vives and Maria Jose Martinez Sanchez with Cara Black and Anastasia Rodionova seeded fifth heading the field.
All the seeds made it through the opening round with the exception of Francesca Schiavone and Rennae Stubbs, who lost winning just five games in what is Stubbs' last Australian Open. In round two the biggest casualties were the departure of the number four seeds; Llagostera Vives and Martinez Sanchez in straight sets. In the third round the number six, seven and eighth seeds all crashed out. In the quarterfinals Huber won the battle of the ex-partners as she downed Black's team to set up a semi final with Dulko and Penetta. The other semi was filled by Azarenka and Kirilenko and the number two seeds. In the semis the Number one seeds advanced to the final where after a shock they faced Azerenka and Kilrenko. In the final Dulko and Pennetta came from a set down to win.
Championship match result
Gisela Dulko / Flavia Pennetta def. Victoria Azarenka / Maria Kirilenko, 2-6, 7-5, 6-1.
Mixed Doubles
The mixed doubles field was led by top seeds and US Open champions Bob Bryan and Liezel Huber. Other significant seeds were: number two seeds Daniel Nestor and Katarina Srebotnik, Nestor's ex-doubles partner Nenad Zimonjic and Maria Kirilenko are the third seeds. Fourth seeds were defending champions Leander Paes and Cara Black, while the fifth and sixth seeds were Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi and Kveta Peschke and Wesley Moodie and Lisa Raymond.
All the seeded teams made it through the first round apart from the teams of Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi and Kveta Peschke who lost to Rennae Stubbs and Chris Guccione and Moody and Reymond who lost to Horia Tecau and Bethanie Mattek-Sands. The second round witnessed the number one seeds Bryan and Huber withdraw and the defending champions, Paes and Black go out to Paul Hanley and Chan Yung-jan after two tiebreak sets. The quarterfinals saw no upsets as Nestor and Srebotnik, Zimonjic and Kirlienko, Hanley and Chan and Tecau and Mettek-Sands made the semifinals. In the semifinals Nestor and Srebotnik won in straight sets against Zimonjic and Kirilenko. Their opponents in the final were Hanley and Chan after they won a match tiebreak 11-9 against Tecau and Mettek-Sands. The final came down to a match tiebreak which the number two seeds, Nestor and Srebotnik won. It was Nestor's second Australian Open mixed title while for Srebotnik it was her first.
Championship match result
Katarina Srebotnik / Daniel Nestor def. Chan Yung-jan / Paul Hanley, 6-3, 3-6, 10-7.
Juniors
Sixty four players competed in the boys and girls singles events, with thirty two teams competing in the boys and girls doubles events. The event is one of nine ITF Grade A junior competitions. Qualifying for the main draw took place between the 20 and 21 January 2011. Sixty four players attempted to qualify for the main draw of the boys and girls singles. There were eight qualifying spots available to join the forty six direct acceptance, two special exemptions and eight wildcards in the main draw. The qualifying event was held at the Pakenham Regional Tennis Centre. The main draws took place between the 23 and 29 January 2011.
Boys' Singles
World number one Jiri Vesely led the field. Other top seeds included World number two Dominic Thiem, Orange Bowl Champion George Morgan and World number five Mate Pavic. In the first round of the tournament Pavic exited in straight sets to Karim Hossam. While fellow seeds Dimitri Bretting, Joris De Loore and Ben Wagland also went out of the tournament. Also in action was Vesley and the 2010 finalist Sean Berman who both won their opening matches. Luke Saville casued the biggest upset in the second round as he outsted World number two Thiem in straight sets while Vesely and Morgan progressed with straight sets wins. The third round saw Morgan and Saville win epics in the final set. The quarterfinals saw Vesely, Morgan Baena and Saville reach the semifinals, where Vesely and Saville reached the final. In the final Vesely claimed his first junior Grand Slam title as he lost just three games against home hope Saville.
Championship match result
Jiri Vesely def. Luke Saville, 6-0, 6-3.
Girls' Singles
The 2011 Australian Open girls field was led by the World number one, US Open and youth Olympic champion, Daria Gavrilova. Joining the Russian leading the field was An-Sophie Mestach, Irina Khromacheva and Monica Puig. While Orange Bowl champion Lauren Davis who competed in the main draw of the women's singles was the third seed and she was also joined by Caroline Garcia who also appeared in the women's draw. The first round saw all of the seeds bar Natalija Kostic move into the second round. Gavrilova, however was not in the second round as she was dumped out in straight sets by fifteen year old Kanami Tsuji Puig, in the second round got rid of the last of the home contingent losing just two games in the process. Eugenie Bouchard caused the biggest upset of round three when she lost just three games against Davis. Garcia caused an upset in the quarterfinals as she upset the number four seed Khromacheva in straight sets. The semifinals witnessed Mestach drop her first and only set of the tournament when she defeated Garcia whilst Puig saw off Bouchard in straight sets. In the final Mestach defeated Puig in straight sets to win her first junior Grand Slam title.
Championship match result
An-Sophie Mestach def. Monica Puig, 6-4, 6-2.
Boys' Doubles
The first round witnessed Dimitri Bretting and Dennis Novak the fifth seeds and seventh seeds Luis Patino and Filip Peliwo exit at the first hurdle. All the remaining seeds made it to the quarterfinals, where the number one seeds George Morgan and Mate Pavic who exited to the eighth seeds Mitchell Krueger and Karue Sell in a match tiebreak while second seeds Filip Horansky and Jiri Vesely knocked out sixth seeds Dominic Thiem and Matthias Wunner. Horansky and Vesely reached the final after defeating the fourth seeds Joris de Loore and Mate Delic who received a bye in the previous round in straight sets. While third seeds Ben Wagland and Andrew Whittington took care of Krueger and Sell in a match tiebreak. Horansky and Vesely triumphed in straight sets in the final over Wagland and Whttington.
Championship match result
Filip Horansky / Jiri Vesely def. Ben Wagland / Andrew Whittington, 6-4, 6-4.
Girls' Doubles
All the seeds made it through the first round with out incident. Nastja Kolar and Danka Kovinic the fifth seeds, Tang Haochen and Tian Ran the seventh seeds and the biggest upset with the second seeds Eugenie Bouchard and Monica Puig all went out in the second round. In the quarterfinals An-Sophie Mestach and Demi Schuurs sent the number one seeds Irina Khromacheva and Yulia Putintseva home for the loss of just three games. While Margarita Gasparyan and Daria Gavrilova the fourth seeds lost a match tiebreaker to Eri Hozumi and Miyu Kato whilst Lucia Butkovska and Anna Schmiedlova the eighth seeds won only one game. Kato and Hozumi progressed to the final, where they faced Mestach and Schuurs who knocked out the third seeds Natalija Kostic and Ilona Kremen in a match tiebreaker. In the final Mestach and Schuurs defeated Hozumi and Kato in straight sets for their first Grand Slam doubles title.
Championship match result
An-Sophie Mestach / Demi Schuurs def. Eri Hozumi / Miyu Kato, 6-2, 6-3.
Wheelchair tennis
There are six events in the wheelchair tennis discipline; a singles and doubles draw for each of the three categories. The tournament was played between the 26 and 29 January 2011. All events were part of the NEC tour under the Grand Slam category. A total of $63,000 was awarded in prize money across all the events.
Wheelchair Men's Singles
In the opening round World number one Shingo Kunieda defeated Ronald Vink for the loss of just one game. Kunieda would play Robin Ammerlaan in the semifinals after the Dutchman defeated home hope Ben Weekes. In the other half of the draw Stephane Houdet saw off Maikel Scheffers while Stefan Olsson saw off Houdet's doubles partner Nicolas Peifer. In the semifinals Kunieda and Houdet emerged victorious in the battle for the final. Kunieda defeated Houdet for his twelfth Grand Slam title losing just three games.
Championship match result
Shingo Kunieda def. Stephane Houdet, 6-0, 6-3.
Wheelchair Women's Singles
There were eight entries into the singles competition. On her first appearance in a Grand Slam competition Marjolein Buis won in three sets against Annick Sevenans to reach the semifinals. Also into the semifinals were World number one Esther Vergeer who recorded her four hundred and second consecutive match win with a 6-0, 6-0 win over her doubles partner, Sharon Walraven. Buis then took on World number two and home favourite Daniela di Toro who lost just three games on Australia Day against Aniek van Koot. While Jiske Griffioen would play Vergeer in the semifinals after defeating Grand Slam debuant Jordanne Whiley in straight sets. The semifinals witnessed di Toro and Vergeer make the final with straight sets wins. In the final Vergeer claimed her eighth Australian Open title as she defeated di Toro without losing a game to chalk up her four hundredth and fourth consecutive win.
Championship match result
Esther Vergeer def. Daniela di Toro, 6-0, 6-0.
Wheelchair Quad Singles
The tournament was played in a round robin format. Peter Norfolk, the defending champion, opened with a straight sets win over doubles partner Andrew Lapthorne. Whilst World number one David Wagner defeated his doubles partner Nick Taylor for the loss of two games. In the second round of matches Wagner edged Norfolk in a final set decider, whilst Grand Slam debuant Lapthorne recorded his first victory as he won in straight sets against Taylor. The loss for Taylor meant that he was elminated from the event. In the final round robin matches, Norfolk defeated Taylor for the loss of just three games, while Wagner defeated Lapthorne in straight sets. The win for Norfolk and the loss for Lapthorne meant that Norfolk would play Wagner in the final. In the final Wagner defeated Norfolk for the loss of just five games. It was Wagner's first Australian Open singles title.
Championship match result
David Wagner def. Peter Norfolk, 6-2, 6-3.
Wheelchair Men's Doubles
There was four teams competing in this event. Shingo Kunieda and Maikel Scheffers beat Wimbledon champions, Robin Ammerlaan and Stefan Olsson in straight sets. They were joined in the final by the all French pairing of Stephane Houdet and Nicolas Peifer who defeated Ronald Vink and Ben Weekes. In the final Kunieda and Scheffers came from a break down in the first set to defeat the French pair in straight sets.
Championship match result
Shingo Kunieda / Maikel Scheffers def. Stephane Houdet / Nicolas Peifer, 6-3, 6-3.
Wheelchair Women's Doubles
There were four entries to this competition. Esther Vergeer and Sharon Walraven defeated Daniela di Toro and Jordanne Whiley in straight sets to make the final. The final was turned into an all Dutch affair as Aniek van Koot and Jiske Griffioen joined them after defeating Marjolein Buis and Annick Sevenans in two tiebreaks. In the final Vergeer and Walraven lost just two games as they defeated van Koot and Griffioen to claim their third consecutive Grand Slam title.
Championship match result
Esther Vergeer / Sharon Walraven def. Jiske Griffioen / Aniek van Koot, 6-0, 6-2.
Wheelchair Quad Doubles
There was just two entries in the Quad doubles, and they played a straight final to decided the championship. In the one off match history was made as Lapthorne and Norfolk became the first all British pair to win a wheelchair Grand Slam doubles title. It was Lapthorne's first Grand Slam title and Norfolk's first Grand Slam doubles title as the pair defeated the all American pair of Taylor and Wagner in straight sets for their fourth win over them.
Championship match result
Andrew Lapthorne / Peter Norfolk def. Nicholas Taylor / David Wagner, 6-3, 6-3.
Viewership
Broadcast
The 2011 Australian Open was broadcast around the world with eleven different broadcasters officially screening the event. Channel 7 was the host broadcaster, with ESPN covering North America with its International franchise covering South and Latin America. Eurosport holds the rights to broadcast the tournament in Europe. In Asia broadcasts were covered by ESPN Star Sports and in Japan by WOWOW and by CN Sports Interactive Media Group in China. In Africa coverage is by SuperSport, and in the middle east by Abu Dhabi TV. Pacific coverage was broadcast by Sky New Zealand in New Zealand and by FIJI TV in Fiji. During the course of the tournament, Tennis Australia and Eurosport, announced that they had extended their partnership for another five years, which extends Eurosports unbroken coverage of the Australian Open to over twenty years. For the first time in the history of the Australian Open, the qualifying competition for the main draw was streamed live on the internet. The qualifying competition was broadcast between 12 and 15 January. The charity event Rally for Relief was also broadcast live on australianopen.com and Australian network channel seven.
During the first week of the tournament, viewing figures in Australia were down for the second year running. 1.36 million people tuned in for the Men's singles final which was lower than the rating which the women's final received according to figures released by OzTAM.
Attendance
2011 introduced a kids tennis day event, which took place on the Saturday before the tournament took place. Around eight thousand people turned up for the event. People entertained themselves through a variety of activities, including watching stringers string racquets and arts and crafts. The highlight of the day for many fans was a chance to watch past and present players. These players included, Pat Cash, Henri Leconte, Peter Luczak, Alicia Molik and Anastasia Rodionova.
A total of 651,127 people attended the tournament throughout the two weeks. This was lower than the attendance in 2010, although daily records were set. 51,276 people filled Melbourne Park, which was a record for the middle Saturday. The day was also the biggest crowd ever at the Australian Open for a day session. A further 25,845 attended the evening session which brought the total number of people for the day to 77,121 which was again record breaking. As it was the largest amount of spectators to have attended on one day. |
480133 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4llevik | Hällevik | Hallevik is a locality in Solvesborg Municipality in Blekinge County in Sweden. In 2010, 813 people lived there. |
393606 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soakage | Soakage | A soakage, or soak, is a source of water in the deserts of Australia. It is called a soak because the water generally soaks into the sandy ground, and is stored below. They sometimes form part of an ephemeral river or drainage system. Soakages were traditionally important sources of water for Aboriginal people in the desert, because they are the most reliable sources in times of drought. Knowing the exact location of each soakage was very valuable knowledge. In the 19th century, the explorers Peter Warburton and David Carnegie wrote that they had chased down Aboriginal people with camels and captured and chained them to force them to reveal their secret sources of water. |
38266 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20kick | Free kick | A free kick is a kick awarded to the other team because of a foul, which is committed by another player. Free kicks appear in many different ball sports, like association football. |
818456 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dative%20case | Dative case | In grammar, the dative case is the grammatical case used to show the object of an action (the thing the verb acts on).
For example, "Maria gave Jacob a drink". In this example, Jacob is the dative as he is being given the drink, he is what the verb ("gave") is acting upon. |
285 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish | Fish | Fish (plural: fish or fishes) are a group of animals with bones which live in water and respire (get oxygen) from their gills.
Fish used to be a class of vertebrates. Now the term covers five classes of animals that live in the water:
Jawless fish
Armoured fish
Cartilaginous fish
Ray-finned fish
Lobe-finned fish
There are more fish than four-limbed animals: there are over 33,000 described species of fish. Fish are usually covered with scales. They have two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. Most fish are cold-blooded (poikilotherm).
There are many different kinds of fish. They live in fresh water in lakes and rivers, and in salt water in the oceans. Some fish are less than one centimeter long. The largest fish is the whale shark, which can be almost 15 meters long and weigh 15 tons. Almost all fish live in the water. A group of fish called the lungfish have developed lungs because they live in rivers and pools which dry up in certain parts of the year. They burrow into mud and aestivate until the water returns.
The English word "fish" does not fit neatly into cladistics, which is the scientific way to put living things into groups. So scientists call it a paraphyletic word. This means that the animals called "fish" in English do not fit into just one phylum. Some fish are more closely related to land animals than they are to other fish. For example, lobe-finned fish were the first animals with bones to come live on land, and all land animals are their descendants. Lobe-finned fish are more closely related to humans than to ray-finned fish.
Types of fish
"Fish" is not a formal taxonomic grouping in systematic biology. Amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals all descended from lobe-finned fish. But the use of the term "fish" is so convenient that we go on using it.
Fish are the oldest vertebrate group. The term includes a huge range of types, from the Middle Ordovician, about 490 million years ago, to the present day. These are the main groups:
Agnatha: the jawless fish. Cambrian to present day.
Pteraspids: the head-shields
Anaspids: gills opened as holes. Silurian to end-Devonian.
Cephalaspids: early jawless fish
Lampreys: living ectoparasites
Osteostraci: bony-armoured jawless fish.
Gnathostomata: the jawed fish. Includes all types commonly called fish, except the lamprey.
Placoderms: heavily armoured fish
Chondrichthyes: cartilaginous fish: sharks, rays and skates.
Acanthodii: extinct spiny sharks
Osteichthyes: bony fish.
Actinopterygii: the ray-finned fish.
Chondrostei: sturgeons and some other early types.
Neopterygii: first seen in the later Permian, lighter and faster-moving than previous groups.
Holostei: the gars and bowfins
Teleostei: the most successful group, Triassic to present day.
Sarcopterygii: the lobe-finned fish
Dipnoi: the lungfish; eight genera survive.
Coelacanths: two species survive. They were probably a sister-group to the tetrapods.
Certain animals that have the word fish in their name are not really fish: crayfish are Crustacea, and jellyfish are Cnidaria. Some animals look like fish, but are not. Whales and dolphins are mammals, for example.
Anatomy
Bony and cartilaginous fish
Most kinds of fish have bones. Some kinds of fish, such as sharks and rays, do not have real bones. Their skeletons are made of cartilage, and so they are known as cartilaginous fish.
Fish scales
All fish are covered with overlapping scales, and each major group of fish has its own special type of scale. Teleosts ('modern' fish) have what are called leptoid scales. These grow in concentric circles and overlap in a head to tail direction like roof tiles. Sharks and other chondrichthyes have placoid scales made of denticles, like small versions of their teeth. These also overlap in a head to tail direction, producing a tough outer layer. Shark skin is available for purchase as shagreen, a leather which as original is smooth in one direction, and rough in the other direction. It may be polished for use, but is always rough in texture and resistant to slipping.
The scales are usually covered with a layer of slime which improves passage through the water, and makes the fish more slippery to a predator.
There are various types of eel: most are in the Anguilliformes. Their life-style has evolved many times. Eels have scales with smooth edges or are absent.
Freshwater fish
41% of all fish live in freshwater. There are also some important fish which breed in rivers, and spend the rest of their life in the seas. Examples are salmon, trout, the sea lamprey, and three-spined stickleback. Some fish are born in salt water, but live most of their mature lives in fresh water: for example the eels.
Species like these change their physiology to cope with the amount of salt in the water.
Swimming
Fish swim by exerting force against the surrounding water. There are exceptions, but this is usually done by the fish contracting muscles on either side of its body. This starts waves of flexion which travel the length of the body from nose to tail, generally getting larger as they go along.
Most fishes generate thrust using lateral movements of their body & tail fin (caudal fin). However, there are also species which move mainly using their median and paired fins. The latter group profits from the gained manoeuvrability. This is needed, for example, when living in coral reefs. Such fish cannot swim as fast as fish using their bodies & caudal fins.
Muscle
Fish can swim slowly for many hours using red muscle fibres. They also make short, fast bursts using white muscle. The two types of muscle have a fundamentally different physiology. The red fibres are usually alongside a much greater number of white fibres.
The white fibres get their energy by converting the carbohydrate glycogen to lactate (lactic acid). This is anaerobic metabolism, that is, it does not need oxygen. They are used for fast, short bursts. Once the lactic acid builds up in the muscles, they stop working, and it takes time for the lactate to be removed, and the glycogen replaced. Using their white fibres, fish can reach speeds of 10 lengths per second for short bursts.
Swimming for long periods needs oxygen for the red fibres. The oxygen supply has to be constant because these fibres only operate aerobically. They are red because they have a rich blood supply, and they contain myoglobin. Myoglobin transports the oxygen to the oxidising systems. Red muscle gets its energy by oxidising fat, which weight for weight has twice as much energy as carbohydrate or protein. Using their red fibres, fish can keep up a speed of 35 lengths per second for long periods.
Swimming in groups
Many fish swim in groups. Schools of fish can swim together for long distances, and may be chased by predators which also swim in schools. Casual groups are called 'shoals'.
Body shape
The shape of the body of a fish is important to its swimming. This is because streamlined body shapes makes the water drag less. Here are some common fish shapes:-
The picture on the right shows a shark. This shark's shape is called fusiform, and it is an ovoid shape where both ends of the fish are pointy. This is the best shape for going through water quickly. Fishes with fusiform shapes can chase prey and escape predators quickly. Many live in the open ocean and swim constantly, like marlins, swordfish, and tuna. Ichthyosaurs, porpoises, dolphins, killer whales all have similar shapes. This is an example of convergent evolution.
Eel-like
The long, ribbon-like shape of an eel's body shows another shape. This enables them to hide in cracks, springing out quickly to capture prey, then returning quickly to their hiding spot.
Flatfish
Flatfish live on the bottom of the ocean or lake. Most use camouflage: they change colours to match the ocean floor. During their early lives, their eyes move to the upper side of their flat body.
Reef fish also have flat bodies, and their body is often highly coloured. Flat bodies can slip in and out among the corals, sponges, and rocks, avoiding predators. Angelfish, surgeonfish, and butterflyfish are examples.
Fish as food
Some people eat many different kinds of fish. These include carp, cod, herring, perch, sardines, sturgeon, tilapia, trout, tuna, and many others. A person who buys and sells fish for eating is called a fishmonger.
The word to fish is also used for the activity of catching fishes. People catch fish with small nets from the side of the water or from small boats, or with big nets from big boats. People can also catch fish with fishing poles and fishhooks with bait. This is often called angling. Anglers also different types of fishing lures.
Because people are catching too many fish for food or other uses, there are less and less fish in the sea. This is a problem known as overfishing.
Fish as pets
Selective breeding of carp made them into the domesticated koi in Japan, and goldfish in China. This breeding began over 2,000 years ago. The Chinese brought their goldfish indoors during the Song Dynasty. They kept them in large ceramic vessels. That we now do in glass fish tanks. |
85004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellinzona%20District | Bellinzona District | Bellinzona is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. |
178644 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Eastern%20Divan%20Orchestra | West-Eastern Divan Orchestra | The West-Eastern Divan is an orchestra for young people. It is based in Sevilla, Spain. The musicians in the orchestra come from Israel and its surrounding Arab countries.
The orchestra was started in 1999 by the Jewish conductor Daniel Barenboim and the Palestinian-American academic Edward Said (pronounce: Sah--eed). The name of the orchestra comes from a group of poems by the German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
The West-Eastern Divan Orchestra was started to help bring Israelis and Palestinians together to work for peace and to help solve the fight between Israel and Palestine. The idea was to let Israelis and Arabs work together in countries which had nothing to do with the conflict.
The first workshop of the orchestra took place in Weimar, Germany because it was the 1999 European cultural town. Barenboim chose two leaders for the orchestra: one Israeli and one Arab. They worked with some very famous musicians including the cellist Yo Yo Ma. In 2000 the orchestra met again in Weimar, in 2001 they met in Chicago. Since 2002 they have met every year in Seville.
The West-Eastern Divan Workshop takes place during several weeks each summer in Andalusia. After the workshop has finished, the orchestra travel to other places to give concerts. They have given concerts in many parts of Europe, North America, South America. In 2004 they performed an historic concert in Ramallah in Palestine. After the concert Barenboim said that the people of Israel and Palestine had a shared future. He said: "Either we all kill each other, or we share what there is to share. It is this message that we come here to bring."
In 2004, the Barenboim-Said Foundation, based in Seville, was started to help develop several education projects. Money is given for this by the Junta de Andalucia (Regional Government of Andalusia). The Foundation helps with the orchestra as well as with projects such as the Early Childhood Musical Education Project in Seville.
The orchestra has won prizes and made recordings. A film called Knowledge is the Beginning was made about them.
In August 2009 the orchestra will give three concerts at the BBC Proms including a concert performance of Beethoven's opera Fidelio which has a story about people who have been put in prison for their political ideas. |
872164 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wee%20Willie%20Winkie%20%28movie%29 | Wee Willie Winkie (movie) | Wee Willie Winkie is a 1937 American adventure drama movie directed by John Ford and was based on the story by Rudyard Kipling. It stars Shirley Temple, Victor McLaglen, C. Aubrey Smith, Cesar Romero, June Lang, Brandon Hurst, Lionel Pape, Cyril McLaglen and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1938. |
118837 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghent | Ghent | Gent is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders. In 2019, 262,219 people lived there.
It is at .
Ghent is known for its cultural landmarks and punk rock music industry. |
774102 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grappa | Grappa | Grappa is an Italian spirit, made from grapes. It is similar to brandy. It contains between 35 and 60 percent alcohol by volume. |
382012 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theneuille | Theneuille | Theneuille is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France. |
641821 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Bourdain | Anthony Bourdain | Anthony Michael Bourdain (June 25, 1956 - June 8, 2018) was an American celebrity chef, author, and television personality, known as one of the most influential chefs in the world.
Career
Bourdain first became known for his 2000 book Kitchen Confidential: Adventures in the Culinary Underbelly. His first food and world-travel television series was A Cook's Tour, which ran for 35 episodes on the Food Network from 2002 through 2003.
In 2005, Bourdain began hosting the Travel Channel's culinary and cultural adventure programs Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations (2005-2012) and The Layover (2011-2013). In 2013, he switched to CNN to host Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown.
Death
On June 8, 2018, Bourdain was found dead of an apparent suicide by hanging in his hotel room in Kaysersberg-Vignoble, Haut-Rhin, France. He was working on an episode of Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown in Strasbourg, France. He was 61 years old. At the time of his death, he was in a relationship with actress Asia Argento. |
116110 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Kansas | University of Kansas | The University of Kansas is a public university in Lawrence, a hilly city in northeastern Kansas. It is often abbreviated as "KU".
KU held its first classes in 1866. As of Spring 2011, over 30,000 students attended school there.
History
There was a plan to build a university in Kansas in 1855, but it didn't happen until Kansas became a state in 1861. The Kansas government needed to decide where to build the university. Their choices were Manhattan, Emporia, or Lawrence. On January 13, 1863, Kansas State University was built in Manhattan. The only cities left were Emporia and Lawrence. Amos A. Lawrence gave $10,000 and more than 40 acres (160,000 m2) of land for a university in Lawrence. The Kansas government liked that, so the government chose Lawrence.
On February 20, 1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence. The law was made if Lawrence gave a gift of a $15,000 endowment fund and a place for the university. The place would need to be in or near the town, of not less than forty acres (16 ha) of land.
On November 2, 1863, Governor Carney said Lawrence had met the conditions to get the state university. In 1864, the university was officially organized.
The university opened for classes on September 12, 1866, and the first class graduated in 1873.
Academics
School of Business
The University of Kansas School of Business is a public business school on the main campus in Lawrence. The KU School of Business was created in 1924. It has more than 80 staff members, and it has about 1500 students.
It was named one of the best business schools in the Midwest by Princeton Review. The KU School of Business has been credited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) for its undergraduate and graduate programs in business and accounting.
School of Law
The University of Kansas School of Law was created in 1878. It was the top law school in the state of Kansas. The 2016 U.S. News & World Report "U.S. News Best Colleges Rankings" says that it was the 65th best law school in the United States. Classes are held in Green Hall at W 15th St and Burdick Dr, which is named after former dean James Green.
School of Engineering
The KU School of Engineering is a public engineering school on the main campus in Lawrence. The School of Engineering was officially created in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873.
The U.S. News & World Report'''s "America's Best Colleges" 2016 issue says that KU's School of Engineering was the 90th best engineering school in the United States.
Famous alumni include: Alan Mulally (BS/MS), former President and CEO of Ford Motor Company, Lou Montulli, co-founder of Netscape and author of the Lynx web browser, Brian McClendon (BSEE 1986), VP of Engineering at Google, and Charles E. Spahr (1934), former CEO of Standard Oil of Ohio.
Edwards Campus
The KU Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas. It was created in 1993. It was created in order to provide adults with a chance to get college degrees and to get better education. About 2,000 students go there. The average age of the students is 31. The Edwards campus provides programs developmental psychology, public administration, social work, systems analysis, engineering management and design.
Tuition
Students enrolled in 6 or more credit hours paid a yearly required campus fee of $888. The schools of architecture, music, arts, business, education, engineering, journalism, law, pharmacy, and social welfare charge more fees.
, the yearly tuition for 30 credit hours for a freshman is estimated by the university to be $10,182. This does not include room and board costs.
Sports
Kansas' athletics teams are called the Jayhawks. Kansas has 16 varsity teams, all of which compete in the Big 12 Conference. They are known for their men's basketball team, which most recently won a national championship in 2008.
Other locations
The KU Medical Center, which is one branch of the University of Kansas, is located in Kansas City, Kansas, which is east of Lawrence. Another branch of KU, called the Edwards Campus, is located in Overland Park, Kansas.
Student Activities
Debate
The University of Kansas has had more teams (70) compete in the National Debate Tournament than any other university. Kansas has won the tournament 6 times (1954, 1970, 1976, 1983, 2009 and 2018)
Media
The University of Kansas's newspaper is The University Daily Kansan''. |
217185 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framingham%2C%20Massachusetts | Framingham, Massachusetts | Framingham is a city in the U.S. State of Massachusetts.
History
John Oldman was the first European to set foot on the land that is now Framingham. In 1633 he led a group of explorers down a Native American trail called Old Connecticut Path that is now Framingham's oldest road. The first European settler was John Stone, who built a home on the west bank of the Sudbury River in 1647. Starting in 1693, families from Salem came to escape the Salem witch trials. They settled in an area of Framingham that is still called Salem's End today.
Framingham's original name was Danforth's Farm, named after Thomas Danforth, who owned the land. Danforth's family came to Massachusetts from Framlingham, England. The first petition to incorporate Framingham as a town was submitted to the General Court in 1693, and was denied because Thomas Danforth did not want Framingham to become a town. After Danforth died in 1699, the people made Framingham a town in 1700.
In 1706 the first schoolhouse was built. The first schoolmaster was Deacon Joshua Hemenway.
On February 12, 1775, British General Thomas Gage sent spies to Framingham. They reported that the Framingham minutemen were very strong and tough, so General Gage sent his troops to Lexington and Concord instead. But the Framingham minutemen marched over and helped the weaker minutemen from Lexington and Concord to fight the British. On April 18 to 19, 1775, two militia companies from Framingham, totaling about 130 men, fought in the Battle of Lexington and Concord. Only one of the men was wounded.
Today, Framingham is known for the Framingham Heart Study.
On April 4, 2017 residents of the Town of Framingham voted to become the City of Framingham in a 5,684 - 5,579 vote.
Geography and Landmarks
As of the census (a counting of people) in 2005-2009, there are 66,411 people living in 27,328 houses. In 2000, there were 66,910 people in the town. In 2010, there were 68,318 people.
Framingham is sited on the ancient trail known as Old Connecticut Path. Old Connecticut Path is the oldest road in Framingham. Framingham's oldest public building is the First Baptist Church, designed by Sollaman Willard, a famous architect.
Framingham has three major business districts. The "Golden Triangle" was originally a three square-mile district on the eastern side of Framingham, bordered by Route 9, Route 30, and Speen Street in Natick. The area is one of the largest shopping districts in New England. The Golden Triangle has expanded since 1993 with construction of a BJ's Wholesale Club and a Super Stop & Shop just north of Route 30. Downtown Framingham is anchored by a town hall called the Memorial Building. An influx of Hispanic and Brazilian immigrants helped revitalize the district starting in the early 2000s. West Framingham is home to two of the town's seven auto dealerships. There are also several smaller business hubs in Framingham Center, Saxonville, Nobscot, and along the Route 9 Corridor. Framingham Center is the physical and historic center of town.
A dominating presence in education is Framingham State College.
The Framingham Peace and 9/11 Memorials are located across the street from Farm Pond.
Industry & Resources
Framingham's economy is predominantly derived from retail and office complexes. Breyers, Leggat McCall, The American Heart Association, and the American Cancer Society all have facilities in the area. The Dennison Manufacturing Company was founded here in 1844 as a jewelry and watch box manufacturing company by Aaron Lufkin Dennison.
Recreation
Nobscot Mountain is a private facility owned by the Knox Trail Council of the Boy Scouts of America. Edward F. Loring Skating Arena is near Farm Pond, for area communities and is open to the public. Winch Park has a basketball court, a tennis court, and two large fields used for football, baseball, and lacrosse. Framingham's Country Club along Salem Rd. on the South Side is a private club that features an 18-hole course for golf. |
181703 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betulaceae | Betulaceae | Betulaceae is a group of flowering plants also known as the birch family. This includes the birches, alders, hornbeams (Caprinus), and hazels. |
951606 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced%20epiglottal%20trill | Voiced epiglottal trill | The voiced epiglottal trill is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English. |
943198 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra%20Leone%20national%20under-17%20football%20team | Sierra Leone national under-17 football team | The Sierra Leone national under-17 football team is team of football players under 17 from Sierra Leone. The team is controlled by Sierra Leone Football Association and played in the 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Finland. |
479033 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clares | Clares | Clares is a small village in the province of Guadalajara. It belongs to the region of de Molina-Alto Tajo in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain.
Fauna
In 1989 a Special Protection Area (SPA) category A, was created near Clares. It covers 20,000 hectares. There are 12 protected species including: Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus), little bustard (Tetrax tetrax), Dupont's lark (Chersophilus duponti), Common treecreeper (Agateador norteno), Thekla lark (Galerida theklae), and Dartford Warbler (Sylvia undata). Other species found in the area are the foxes, badgers, wild cats, vultures and raptors such as buzzards, kestrel and a hawk. Clares also has a private game reserve managed by the Association of Neighbors and Friends, where people can go to hunt boar, deer, hare, rabbit, partridge and quail. |
673841 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenda%20Vaccaro | Brenda Vaccaro | Brenda Buell Vaccaro (born November 18, 1939) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in Midnight Cowboy, Once Is Not Enough, Airport '77, Capricorn One, The Pride of Jesse Hallam, Supergirl, The Mirror Has Two Faces, Heart of Midnight, and in Zorro, The Gay Blade.
She received one Academy Award nomination, three Golden Globe Award nominations (winning one), four Primetime Emmy Award nominations (winning one), and three Tony Award nominations.
Her best known stage roles were in The Affair (1962), Cactus Flower (1965), How Now, Dow Jones (1967), The Goodbye People (1968), the female version of The Odd Couple, (1985), and Jake's Women (1992). |
171349 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensington%20Palace | Kensington Palace | Kensington Palace is a royal residence set in Kensington Gardens, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It has been a residence of the British Royal Family since the 17th century. Today, it is the main residence of The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester; the Duke and Duchess of Kent; and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. Kensington Palace is also used on an unofficial basis by Prince Henry, as well as his cousin, Zara Phillips. |
474369 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20and%20Nancy%20Reagan%20Research%20Institute | Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute | The Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute, an affiliate of the National Alzheimer's Association in Chicago, Illinois, is an initiative founded by former United States President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan to accelerate the progress of Alzheimer's disease research. The center was dedicated in 1995. |
297876 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%208%20%28movie%29 | Super 8 (movie) | Super 8 is a 2011 American science fiction movie that was produced by Steven Spielberg, J. J. Abrams and Bryan Burk and was directed by J. J. Abrams. Super 8 was released on June 10, 2011 in North America. The movie has received positive reviews in early reviews.
Cast
Kyle Chandler as Jackson Lamb
Ron Eldard as Louis Dainard
Noah Emmerich as Colonel Nelec
Joel Courtney as Joe Lamb
Riley Griffiths as Charles Kaznyk
Elle Fanning as Alice Dainard
Ryan Lee as Carey
Zach Mills as Preston
Josh McFarland as Tom Ashton
Gabriel Basso as Martin
Amanda Michalka as Jen Kaznyk
Glynn Turman as Dr. Woodward
Michael Hitchcock as Deputy Rosko
Story line
In the summer of 1979, a group of friends in a small Ohio town witness a catastrophic train crash while making a super 8 movie and soon suspect that it was not an accident. Shortly after, unusual disappearances and inexplicable events begin to take place in town, and the local Deputy tries to uncover the truth - something more terrifying than any of them could have imagined. |
854240 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa%20Lario%20Resort | Villa Lario Resort | The Villa Lario is a Renaissance villa in the commune of Mandello del Lario on the shores of Lake Como in northern Italy. Since 2015 the villa has been designated as a 5-star luxury hotel and is part of a resort complex.
The Lario resort has a heliport, and docking for boats and seaplanes.
In the hotel there is the Italian Chef Enrico Derflingher (2 Michelin stars), former Chef at the White House for George Bush Senior and at Buckingham palace for the Queen Elizabeth of England and Prince Charles of Wales. |
653874 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artur%20Brauner | Artur Brauner | Artur "Atze" Brauner (born Abraham Brauner; 1 August 1918 - 7 July 2019) was a Polish-born German movie producer and entrepreneur. He created over 300 movies from 1946 through 2019. He was Jewish and many of his relatives were killed by Nazis in the 1940s.
Brauner produced Sag' die Wahrheit, one of the first movies produced in Germany after World War II. He also produced Morituri, but received negative reviews and failed at the box office. He began to work with German Hollywood-based producers such as Robert Siodmak and later Fritz Lang who started a revival of Dr. Mabuse.
Some of his movies dealt with the Holocaust such as Die Weisse Rose, The Plot to Assassinate Hitler (Der 20. Juli) and Man and Beast (Mensch und Bestie).
Brauner died on 7 July 2019 in Berlin at the age of 100. |
576808 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A8s | Alès | Ales () is a commune in south central France in the region of Occitanie. It is a subprefecture of the Gard department. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of the same name.
It was formerly known as Alais.
History
Since the creation of the Gard department on 4 March 1790, Ales has been a subprefecture of the department.
Geography
Ales is at north-northwest of Nimes, in a curve (meander) of the Le Gardon d'Ales river, which half surrounds it. It is at the foot of the Cevennes, near the Cevennes National Park.
Ales has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The commune of Ales is surrounded by the communes Saint-Jean-du-Pin, Saint-Martin-de-Valgalgues, Saint-Privat-des-Vieux, Cendras, Saint-Christol-les-Ales and Saint-Hilaire-de-Brethmas.
Climate
The climate of Ales, in the Koppen climate classification, is Csb - Mediterranean climate with warm summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Ales are known, in French, as Alesiens (women: Alesiennes).
With a population of 39,993, Ales has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Ales
Ales forms, with other 21 communes, the urban area of Ales with a population of 94,622 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Ales, formed by 52 communes with a population of 114,137 inhabitants and an area of .
Administration
Ales is a subprefecture of the Gard department, the capital of the arrondissement of Le Vigan and the administrative centre () of the cantons
Ales-1, with 32,289 inhabitants (2014).
Ales-2, with 29,141 inhabitants (2014).
Ales-3, with 26,871 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Ales Agglomeration.
Sister cities
Ales is twinned with:
Bilina, Czech Republic.
Kilmarnock, Scotland, UK.
Herstal, Belgium. |
963912 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20State%20Bar%20Association | New York State Bar Association | The New York State Bar Association (NYSBA) is a voluntary bar association for the state of New York. |
522443 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party%20%28law%29 | Party (law) | A party is a person or group of persons that make up a single entity for the purposes of the law. They are a participant in legal proceeding and have an interest in the outcome. Parties include: the plaintiff, the defendant, a petitioner or a respondent. They can also be a cross-complainant (a defendant who sues someone else in the same lawsuit) or a cross-defendant (a person sued by a cross-complainant). A person who only appears in the case as a witness is not considered a party.
Courts use various terms to identify the role of a particular party in civil litigation. They usually call the party that brings a lawsuit as the plaintiff, or, in older American cases, the party of the first part. The party against whom the case was brought as the defendant, or, in older American cases, the party of the second part. |
901802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybius%20%28urban%20legend%29 | Polybius (urban legend) | Polybius is a fictitious arcade game. It supposedly causes weird side effects. Polybius is an urban legend, or a thing that may not exist. It may have originated on coinop.org, a website documenting arcade games.
Etymology
The name Polybius comes from the Greek words "poly" and "bios", meaning many, and lives, respectively. Polybius is also the name of a historian and a cipher.
Description
Polybius was a shooter with odd gameplay, like puzzles. The only screenshot is the title screen. It was supposedly developed by a "Sinneslochen Inc." in 1981. It was supposedly released in Portland, Oregon. |
728088 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platte%20County%2C%20Missouri | Platte County, Missouri | Platte County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 106,718. Its county seat is Platte City. |
156269 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantril%2C%20Iowa | Cantril, Iowa | Cantril is a city of Van Buren County, Iowa in the United States. |
979883 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meir%20Zvi%20Bergman | Meir Zvi Bergman | Rabbi Meir Zvi Bergman (born in 1930) is the head of the Rashbi Yeshiva and a member of the Torah Elders Council of Degel HaTorah.
Biography
Born in Jerusalem between the walls to Rabbi Moshe Bergman and Alta Liva Raizil, daughter of Rabbi Yona Ze'ev Hershler. He is seventh generation in Jerusalem, descendant of Rabbi Eliezer Bergman.
He was orphaned by his mother who contracted typhus when he was seven years old. In the 1950s, his father settled in Miron, and was among the founders of the Bnei Akiva Yeshiva there. In the year 5575 his father moved to Bnei Brak and founded the Rashbi yeshiva there.
In 1971, he studied for a year at a small yeshiva in the Mekor Haim neighborhood led by Rabbi Moshe Tikocinski, later the overseer of the Slabodka Yeshiva.
At the age of 11, he began studying at Yeshiva Tefarat Zion with Rabbi Michal Yehuda Lipkowitz. During his studies he stayed for about two years in the house of the "Chazon Ish" with whom he studied. After that, he studied at Yeshiva Lomza in Petach Tikva with Rabbi Reuven Katz, the overseer Rabbi Eliyahu Doshnitzer and Rabbi Elazar Menachem Man Shach - who later became his father-in-law. At Yeshiva Lomza he studied in company with his friend Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky, who later said that he studied with 'Rabbi Meir' (as he called Rabbi Bergman) more than twenty tractates in study!
In 8th of Sivan 5771 he married Deborah, the daughter of Rabbi Shach. The Kiddoshin was arranged by a relative of the family, Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer. The matchmaker was the Chazon Ish. After his marriage, he studied in Kollel Chazon Ish, in fellowship with Rabbi Ya'akov Israel Kanievsky, with his friend from the Lomeja Yeshiva Rabbi Gedaliah Nadel and with Rabbi Haim Kanievsky. Rabbi Bergman served as a public emissary during the terrible days at the Chazon Ish, and after his death at the temple including the Chazon Ish. Later, Rabbi Ya'akov Israel Kanievsky asked to serve in this position at the Beit Meir yeshiva.
He taught at the Kalatsak-Rehovot Yeshiva (the South Yeshiva) where his father-in-law, Rabbi Shach, served earlier.
After that, at the behest of his father-in-law, he founded the Rashbi's Kollel in the Zichron Meir neighborhood in Bnei Brak, in which he gives lessons and talks to the abrachs. With the establishment of the kollel, Rabbi Shach financed the salaries of the abrachs, and later Rabbi Shach ordered him to travel abroad for the sake of holding the kollel. In the second decade of the 21st century, he stopped traveling abroad, and his son Rabbi Ben Zion assists in the management and holding of the kollel.
Over the years, he avoided engaging in public affairs , with the exception of exceptional cases, such as in the year of the establishment of the Degal HaTorah movement, when he served as the emissary of his father-in-law, the movement's founder , Rabbi Shach, in all matters related to the establishment and success of the new movement. Also, before the special elections for the Prime Minister - 2001, the newspaper Yad Naman published his decision to vote for Ariel Sharon, even though going to the polls is not for the purpose of choosing an ultra-Orthodox party.
On the eve of Pesach in the year 5773, he was appointed to serve as a member of the Council of Torah Elders of Degel HaTorah together with Rabbi Shmuel Auerbach and Rabbi Gershon Edelstein. Since then he began to engage and express his opinion in public matters. During the controversy in the Lithuanian public, he refrained from taking an active position, but continued to support the Torah Banner Party and the newspaper Yated Naman.
In his conversations, he usually refers to issues of opinion that are on the agenda of ultra-Orthodox Judaism, in which he echoes the conservative teachings of his father-in-law, Rabbi Shach, such as the issue of Jewish immigration to the Temple Mount, the return of territories, and the recruitment of Yeshiva members. It is considered an authority by many Torah scholars as representing the opinion of Rabbi Shach who is accepted in the yeshiva world as the father of the ultra-orthodox view in the modern generation, and from time to time we consult him and use his testimonies about Rabbi Shach's instructions and positions.
In the 2020 elections in the United State, he publicly supported President Donald Trump because he is "good for the Jews". After the attack in the city of Bnei Brak on March 29, 2022, he attacked the calls directed to the ultra-orthodox sector to obtain a license to possess weapons.
After the disaster at Hilult, Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai called for a poignant soul-searching in the ultra-orthodox public, in view of the many differences that exist between each other, saying that the disaster is measure against measure because "we push each other".
Family
Married to Deborah, daughter of Rabbi Shach. The couple has nine children, eight sons and a daughter.
His eldest son, Rabbi Ben Zion Bergman, is the son-in-law of Rabbi David Zingerevich who was an overseer at the Ponibezh yeshiva. He was crowned by him as his replacement in the leadership of the Rashbi yeshiva.
Rabbi Isser Zalman, presides over the 'Mishnat Rabino' collective on Sokolov Street in Bnei Brak.
Shoshana is married to Rabbi Haim Fass, one of Rabbi Shmuel Auerbach 's old students, and he serves as a lawyer and a consultant in Lakewood, New Jersey.
Rabbi Yishchar, is the founder and director of the Ish Ways for Bnei Avrach Sephardim in Bnei Brak, and previously served as Elad's appointed council member. In 1990, it was published in the press that he is close to Likud Police Minister Roni Milo, and that his grandfather , Rabbi Shach , forbade him to accept a government appointment in the Ministry of Social Affairs, in order to remove his lips from saying that he caused Rabbi Shach's support for the stinking exercise tarfod and the establishment of Yitzhak Shamir's government.
Rabbi Asher became famous for publishing the books "Letters and Articles" of his grandfather, Rabbi Shach, and for composing dozens of other books.
His brothers-in-law are Rabbi Yisrael Zvi Yair Danziger the Rebbe of Alexander , and Rabbi Yaakov Goldman Rabbi of Zweihel Chassidism in Bnei Brak, father of Rabbi Eliezer Goldman the Rebbe of Zweihel in the United States.
His writings and books
'Gates of Ora' about Maimonides
'Shaari Ora' on the Torah, two volumes.
'Shaari Ora - Essays', two additional volumes of views and moral articles on the order of the Parshiyots compiled by his students.
The 'Beit Midrash' books, in which a selection of his lessons were compiled over the years in Talmud tractates and were published by the Bnei Brak Yeshiva.
'Introduction to Shearim', a bibliographic book on oral Torah, Bnei Brak 5644. Since then it has been published in many editions, including the first dotted edition in Hashon 5655. The book is considered a bestseller throughout the Jewish world, was first translated into English and published by Masura Publishing (ArtScroll), Brooklyn in 1985. The first edition in French was published in Paris in 1997.
Annotations regarding "Prohibited Slaughter" ~ Bnei Brak 2005.
'Gates of Ora' ~ an edited series containing Torah perspectives, in the English language (Hebrew phrases with English translation), edited by Yaakov Levon, and published by Feldheim Books Jerusalem 1997, including bibliographic references.
'Emma Shel Malchut' ~ on the scroll of Ruth, in English, edited by Menachem Greenberg, and published in Lakewood New Jersey 2014.
The 'illuminator' on a tractate of kikat (published at his choice) . |
932611 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323%20UEFA%20Champions%20League | 2022–23 UEFA Champions League | The 2022-23 UEFA Champions League will be the 68th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA.
The final will be played at the Ataturk Olympic Stadium in Istanbul, Turkey. The stadium was originally appointed to host the 2020 UEFA Champions League Final, but both this, and the 2021 final which had been eventually re-allocated to the Ataturk, were moved due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The winner of the 2022-23 UEFA Champions League will automatically qualify for the 2023-24 UEFA Champions League group stage, and also earn the right to play against the winner of the 2022-23 UEFA Europa League in the 2023 UEFA Super Cup.
Real Madrid are the defending champions, having won a record fourteenth title in the previous edition.
Association team allocation
A total of 78 teams from 53 of the 55 UEFA member associations participate in the 2022-23 UEFA Champions League (the exceptions being Russia, who are banned from participating due to 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and Liechtenstein, which does not organise a domestic league). The association ranking based on the UEFA association coefficients is used to determine the number of participating teams for each association:
Associations 1-4 each have four teams qualify.
Associations 5-6 each have three teams qualify.
Associations 7-15 (except Russia) each have two teams qualify.
Associations 16-55 (except Liechtenstein) each have one team qualify.
The winners of the 2021-22 UEFA Champions League and 2021-22 UEFA Europa League are each given an additional entry if they do not qualify for the 2022-23 UEFA Champions League through their domestic league.
Association ranking
For the 2022-23 UEFA Champions League, the associations are allocated places according to their 2021 UEFA association coefficients, which takes into account their performance in European competitions from 2016-17 to 2020-21.
Apart from the allocation based on the association coefficients, associations may have additional teams participating in the Champions League, as noted below:
- Additional berth for UEFA Europa League title holders
Distribution
The following is the access list for this season.
Due to the suspension of Russia for the 2022-23 European season, and since the Champions League title holders (Real Madrid) have qualified via their domestic league, the following changes to the access list have been made:
The champions of association 11 (Scotland) and 12 (Ukraine) enter the group stage instead of the play-off round (Champions Path).
The champions of association 13 (Turkey) and 14 (Denmark) enter the play-off round instead of the third qualifying round (Champions Path).
The champions of association 15 (Cyprus) and 16 (Serbia) enter the third qualifying round instead of the second qualifying round (Champions Path).
The champions of associations 18 (Croatia), 19 (Switzerland), 20 (Greece) and 21 (Israel) enter the second qualifying round instead of the first qualifying round (Champions Path).
The runners-up of associations 10 (Austria) and 11 (Scotland) enter the third qualifying round instead of the second qualifying round (League Path).
Teams
The labels in the parentheses show how each team qualified for the place of its starting round:
TH: Champions League title holders
EL: Europa League title holders
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.: League positions of the previous season
Abd-: League positions of abandoned season as determined by the national association; all teams are subject to approval by UEFA
The second qualifying round, third qualifying round and play-off round are divided into Champions Path (CH) and League Path (LP).
CC: 2022 UEFA club coefficients.
Notes
Schedule
The schedule of the competition is as follows. All matches are played on Tuesdays and Wednesdays apart from the preliminary round final. Scheduled kick-off times starting from the play-off round are 18:45 and 21:00 CEST/CET.
As the 2022 FIFA World Cup takes place in Qatar between 21 November and 18 December 2022, the group stage will commence in the first week of September 2022 and conclude in the first week of November 2022 to make way for the World Cup.
All draws start at 12:00 CEST/CET and are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland.
Qualifying rounds
Preliminary round
First qualifying round
Second qualifying round
Third qualifying round
Play-off round
Group stage
The draw for the group stage will be held on 25 August 2022. The 32 teams will be drawn into eight groups of four. For the draw, the teams are seeded into four pots, each of eight teams, based on the following principles:
Pot 1 contain the Champions League and Europa League title holders, and the champions of the top six associations based on their 2021 UEFA country coefficients. Since the Champions League titleholders, Real Madrid, are also the champions of Association 2 (Spain), the champions of Association 7 (Netherlands), Ajax, will also be seeded into Pot 1.
Pots 2, 3 and 4 contain the remaining teams, seeded based on their 2022 UEFA club coefficients.
Teams from the same association could not be drawn into the same group.
Eintracht Frankfurt will make their debut appearance in the group stage after winning Europa League. This season is also the first in which five German clubs will play in the group stage. |
960639 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanom%20Kittikachorn | Thanom Kittikachorn | Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn (Thai: thn`m kittikhcchr, Thai pronunciation: ; 11 August 1911 - 16 June 2004) was the leader of Thailand from 1963 to 1973. He illegally tried to stay in power. Public protests which became violent forced him to quit. His return from exile in 1976 caused protests. On October 6, 1976, many people in these protests were killed, and a military coup happened later that day. |
350684 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamshedpur | Jamshedpur | Jamshedpur is a city of the Indian state of Jharkhand. It has the most people of any city in Jharkhand. According to the 2011 census of India, the Jamshedpur has a population of 1,337,131. The city was founded by the late Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata. It is also called Steel City, TataNagar or simply Tata.
It is on the Chota Nagpur plateau and is surrounded by the picturesque Dalma Hills. The city is bordered by the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai on the north and west parts of the city.
The largest factory is that of Tata Steel. It is almost at the center of the city. Tata Steel is the largest iron and steel producing plant in India, as well as the oldest. The other major factory in the city is Tata Motors. They make heavy vehicles and construction/earth moving equipment.
Jamshedpur has a high literacy rate, close to the highest in India. The Steel City has 183 schools and 13 colleges.
List of notable people from Jamshedpur
Actor R. Madhavan
Miss India World 2000; Miss World 2000 and Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra
Miss India Universe 2004 Top 10 Bollywood Actress Tanushree Dutta
Imtiaz Ali, Hindi film director
Indian national cricket team players Saurabh Tiwary and Varun Aaron. |
737102 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbon%20County%2C%20Kentucky | Bourbon County, Kentucky | Bourbon County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 19,985. Its county seat is Paris. |
202619 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges-Louis%20Leclerc%2C%20Comte%20de%20Buffon | Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (7 September 1707 - 16 April 1788), usually called Buffon, was a French naturalist. He was also a mathematician, cosmologist and encyclopedic author.
His collected information influenced the next two generations of naturalists, including Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck and Georges Cuvier.
Buffon published 35 volumes of his Histoire naturelle during his lifetime, and nine more were published after his death, for a total of 44 volumes. "Truly, Buffon was the father of all thought in natural history in the second half of the 18th century". p330
Buffon held the position of Intendant (Director) of the Jardin du Roi, now called the Jardin des Plantes; it is the French equivalent of Kew Gardens. The Lycee Buffon in Paris is named after him.
His work
Natural history
Buffon is best remembered for his Histoire naturelle. "Written in a brilliant style, this work was read ... by every educated person in Europe".p330 It was translated into many different languages, making him one of the most widely read authors of the day, a rival to Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Voltaire.
In the opening volumes of the Histoire naturelle Buffon questioned the usefulness of mathematics, criticized Carl Linnaeus's taxonomical approach to natural history, outlined a history of the Earth with little relation to the Biblical account, and proposed a theory of reproduction which ran counter to existing ideas.
The early volumes were condemned by the Faculty of Theology at the Sorbonne. Buffon published a retraction, but he continued publishing the offending volumes without any change.
Buffon noted that despite similar environments, different regions of the world have distinct plants and animals. This observation, later known as Buffon's Law, may be the first principle of biogeography.
Common descent
Buffon understood the idea of common descent, and discussed it a number of times. This does not mean he believed in it. Probably he did not, but he discussed it fairly openly on a number of occasions. Interpreting his ideas is not simple, for he returned to topics many times in the course of his work.
"...all the animals might be regarded as constituting but a single family... one could say... that the ape is of the family of man... that man and ape have a common origin: that, in fact, all the families, among plants as well as animals, have come from a common stock, and that all animals are descended from a single animal, from which have sprung in the course of time... all other races of animals"...
"But this is by no means a proper representation of nature. We are assured by the authority of revelation that... the first pair of every species issued fully formed from the hands of the Creator".p332
In volume 14 he argued that all the world's quadrupeds had developed from an original set of just thirty-eight quadrupeds. On this basis, he is sometimes considered a "transformist" and a precursor of Darwin.
Earth science
In Les epoques de la nature (1778) Buffon discussed the origins of the solar system, speculating that the planets had been created by a comet's collision with the sun.
He also suggested that the earth originated much earlier than the 4004 BC of Archbishop James Ussher. Basing his figures on the cooling rate of iron tested at his Laboratory le Petit Fontenet at Montbard, he calculated that the age of the earth was 75,000 years. Once again, his ideas were condemned by the Sorbonne, and again he issued a retraction to avoid further problems.
Relevance to modern biology
Charles Darwin wrote in his preliminary historical sketch added to the third edition of On the Origin of Species: "Passing over... Buffon, with whose writings I am not familiar." Then, from the fourth edition onwards, he amended this to say that "the first author who in modern times has treated it [evolution] in a scientific spirit was Buffon. But as his opinions fluctuated greatly at different periods, and as he does not enter on the causes or means of the transformation of species, I need not here enter on details."
The paradox of Buffon is that, according to Ernst Mayr:
He was not an evolutionist, yet he was the father of evolutionism. He was the first person to discuss a large number of evolutionary problems, problems that before Buffon had not been raised by anybody.... he brought them to the attention of the scientific world.
Except for Aristotle and Darwin, no other student of organisms [whole animals and plants] has had as far-reaching an influence.
He brought the idea of evolution into the realm of science.
He developed a concept of the "unity of type," a precursor of comparative anatomy.
More than anyone else, he was responsible for the acceptance of a long-time scale for the history of the earth.
He was the founder of biogeography.
And yet, he hindered evolution by his frequent endorsement of the immutability of species. He provided a criterion of species, fertility among members of a species, that was thought impregnable. |
866667 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant%20Governor%20of%20New%20Mexico | Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico | The Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico () is an elected official in the state of New Mexico that ranks just below the Governor of New Mexico. The lieutenant governor is the first person in the order of succession of New Mexico's executive branch. |
300476 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey%20Kong%20Country | Donkey Kong Country | Donkey Kong Country (also called DKC) is the first installment of the Donkey Kong Country series and the first game in the original Donkey Kong Country trilogy, overall. This video game was released in 1994 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. This game is a platformer developed by Rare and published by Nintendo. The playable characters in this game are Donkey Kong and Diddy Kong. Donkey Kong Country was followed by two sequels: Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest and Donkey Kong Country 3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble! in 1995 and 1996.
The game was remade for the Game Boy Color in 2000 and was also remade again for the Game Boy Advance in 2003. Donkey Kong Country was ported over to the Wii's Virtual Console in 2006 and 2007. On November 25, 2012, for reasons unknown, Donkey Kong Country and both its sequels were delisted from the Wii's Virtual Console worldwide except in South Korea, but on October 30, 2014, the games were relisted only in Europe and Australia. Around the same time, the games were released on the Wii U's Virtual Console in Europe and Australia, in Japan on November 26, 2014, and in the United States and Canada on February 26, 2015. For handhelds, Donkey Kong Country was ported exclusively over to the New Nintendo 3DS's Virtual Console in March 2016. It is one of the 21 games included on the Super NES Classic Edition and was made available for the Nintendo Switch Online on July 15, 2020.
Story
The story for Donkey Kong Country is about the Kremlings stealing Donkey Kong's bananas and kidnapping Donkey Kong's nephew Diddy and putting him in a barrel. After Donkey Kong saves Diddy Kong from the barrel, both Donkey Kong and his nephew go together to fight the Kremlings and other enemies so they can get back their large collection of stolen bananas.
Worlds
There are six worlds and a final boss battle on Gangplank Galleon sometimes referred to as a world. The worlds are;
Kongo Jungle
Monkey Mines
Vine Valley
Gorilla Glacier
Kremkroc Industries Inc.
Chimp Caverns
Gangplank Galleon (sometimes considered as a world)
Bosses
There are seven bosses in Donkey Kong Country. These bosses include;
Very Gnawty
Master Necky
Queen B.
Really Gnawty
Dumb Drum
Master Necky Snr.
King K. Rool
Changes between the ports
Donkey Kong Country had received two remakes; one for the Game Boy Color and one for the Game Boy Advance. The Game Boy Advance version has a larger amount of changes, while the Game Boy Color version doesn't have as much changes. The changes are listed below;
Game Boy Color
This version contains three different title screens, one chosen out of random.
Even in the North American version, the game can have English, Spanish, French, German, or Italian chosen as the language. This is not present in the Japanese version.
The mode selection screen is made to resemble that of Donkey Kong 64.
Only one Kong can be present at once. When one of them is hit, the other one appears. The other Kong is located at the bottom-left part of the screen with a DK Barrel icon to indicate the that Kong is there.
The victory dance and victory music is taken out of the game.
The world map can be viewed all over by the player pressing SELECT and then uses the left or right buttons on the D-Pad to view the overworld of a world.
The Game Boy Color version added compatibility with the Game Boy Printer as Sticker Pads were also added.
Winky's Walkway has been extended from the original version and even features another Mini-Necky.
A new stage named Necky Nutmare has been added in this version. It appears in Chimp Caverns as the fourth level of the world. This stage is located after Funky's Flights and before Loopy Lights.
Two new minigames called Funky Fishing (this one reappears in the Game Boy Advance version under the title of Funky's Fishing) and Crosshair Cranky.
Candy's Save Point has been renamed to Candy's Challenge. This makes the game autosave after a level is completed.
Some of the music has been reused from Donkey Kong Land. Otherwise, it is an 8-bit remix of the SNES version's music.
The Cast of Characters is no longer featured before the end credits and is replaced with various screenshots which feature levels not seen in normal gameplay.
Donkey or Diddy transforms into Animal Buddies, rather than riding them. If the animal buddy is hit or if SELECT is pressed, the animal transforms back into Donkey or Diddy, depending on the controlled monkey.
Two additional difficulty settings have been added; there is one that removes DK Barrels, and another one that removes Star Barrels. These modes can be used once the game is completed for the first time to gain extra Sticker Pads.
There is no sunset in the level Orang-utan Gang and no rain in Ropey Rampage. Orang-utan Gang takes place during the day and Ropey Rampage is only nighttime.
The fifth world, Kremkroc Industries, Inc. is simply renamed to Kremkroc Industries.
The temple in Temple Tempest is blue instead of yellow.
In Slipslide Ride, the purple ropes are replaced with blue ropes which slide the player downwards, while white ones which replace the blue ones slide the player upwards.
When a stage is completed, the stage's name when the stage is selected turns pink, instead of being marked with a "!" at the end of the stage's name.
Gnawties ride on top of the millstones, instead of inside them. The Gnawties on the millstone are also recolored to a regular red palette in favor of the Game Boy Color's limited color palette.
All of the Zingers in the game are yellow and do not appear in various colors.
Game Boy Advance
The world maps are redone to zoom in more. Some layout changes have also been done.
Starting from Vine Valley and onwards, some of the stages have been rearranged such as Croctopus Chase and Ice Age Alley.
Funky Fishing is renamed to Funky's Fishing. An all new minigame named Candy's Dance Studio also appears which replaces Candy's Challenge and Candy's Save Point from the previous two versions.
A new time attack mode called DK Attack has been added as a mode on the main menu.
There is a Hero Mode where players can play the game as a yellow Diddy Kong. Donkey Kong is excluded though.
Rock Kroc can be defeated by the use of Donkey Kong's hand slap while it is dormant. This also happens in the Japanese version of the original Donkey Kong Country.
Some enemies have changed colors. An example is a standard Kritter is originally green and is changed to purple or purple Klaptraps being changed to red.
A scrapbook feature has been added. This causes hidden cameras to hide all over Donkey Kong Island.
Several bosses have new strategies. This includes;
Queen B. - Uses smaller Zingers as a shield when she is attacked.
Really Gnawty - Causes stalagmites to fall with a giant pounce.
Dumb Drum - Can only be defeated by the use of a TNT Barrel rather than all the enemies having to be defeated.
Master Necky Snr. - During the first round, Master Necky aids Master Necky Snr. in battle. After one is defeated, the other one becomes more ferocious.
The game can be saved at anytime on the world map by pressing START.
Funky can be summoned on the world map when needed. This only happens after Funky is visited first.
Smaller animals appear as background elements such as spiders and rats.
The game saves the number of extra lives the player has collected. This feature was criticized by many as it removed the challenge from the game. |
790528 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubo%C5%A1%20Kohoutek | Luboš Kohoutek | Lubos Kohoutek (, born 29 January 1935) is a Czech astronomer. He was known as a discoverer of minor planets and comets, including Comet Kohoutek which was visible to the naked eye in 1973. He also discovered comets 75D/Kohoutek and 76P/West-Kohoutek-Ikemura.
The main-belt asteroid 1850 Kohoutek was named after him. |
541099 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jok%20Church | Jok Church | Jok Richard Church (November 28, 1949 - April 29, 2016) was an American cartoonist. He was born in Akron, Ohio. He created the Universal Press Syndicate comic strip You Can With Beakman and Jax which was later made into the TV series Beakman's World.
Church died of a heart attack in San Francisco, California on April 29, 2016, aged 67. |
789545 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ried%20im%20Zillertal | Ried im Zillertal | Ried im Zillertal is a municipality of the district of Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol. |
208211 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo%20de%20Le%C3%B3n | Hugo de León | Hugo de Leon (born 27 February 1958) is a former Uruguayan football player. He has played for Uruguay national team. |
565336 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/100%20Women%20%28BBC%29 | 100 Women (BBC) | 100 Women is a BBC series started in 2013. It looks at the role of women in the twenty-first century. It organised events in London and Mexico.
After the women are named, the BBC has three weeks of information about women. Women from all over the world make comments on Twitter about the interviews and debates.
History
After the 2012 Delhi gang rape case, BBC Controller Liliane Landor, BBC editor Fiona Crack, and other journalists started a series about the issues and successes of women. Women told the BBC there was not enough information about issues women face. In March 2013, BBC received a "flood of feedback from female listeners" that asked for more information "from and about women."
The BBC started the series in 2013 because there were not enough women represented in the media. The BBC used a survey in 26 languages to choose women for the first program. There were programs for one month, then there was a conference on 25 October. Women from different countries talked about issues they shared. There were many subjects, like work, feminism, motherhood, and religion. The series looked at cultural and social problems women have in life.
After the first program, there were many other subjects, like education, health, equal pay, genital mutilation, domestic violence, and sexual abuse. The series tries to give women a place to talk about how to make the world better and stop sexism. Women on the list are from many countries and many professions. Some of the women are famous, and some are not well known.
Names of the 100 women
2016
The 2016 theme was Defiance. Part of the 100 Women festival was in Mexico City. The 2016 list was in alphabetical order.
2015
The BBC News 100 Women list in 2015 was made up of many notable international names, as well as women who were unknown, but who represent issues women face. The women of 2015, included representatives from 51 countries and were not necessarily those who would traditionally have been seen as role models--a woman suffering from depression, a woman who advocates for equal access to bathroom facilities, a woman who encourages other women to avoid make-up, and a reindeer nomad.
2014
The BBC News 100 Women list in 2014 continued the efforts of the first year's initiative.
2013
The 2013 event was a month-long BBC series that took place in October. The series examined the role of women in the 21st century and culminated in an event held at BBC Broadcasting House in London, United Kingdom on 25 October 2013 involving a hundred women from around the world, all of whom came from different walks of life. The day featured debate and discussion on radio, television and online, in which the participants were asked to give their opinions about the issues facing women.
The event held on 25 October 2013 featured 100 women from all walks of life. |
835799 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couloum%C3%A9-Mondebat | Couloumé-Mondebat | Couloume-Mondebat is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France. |
365465 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpika%20District | Mpika District | Mpika District is a district of Zambia in the Northern Province. The capital is Mpika. As of the 2000 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 146,196 people. |
357222 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbie%20Girl | Barbie Girl | "Barbie Girl" is a dance-pop hit song from the Danish music group Aqua. The single was released in 1997. Its lyrics are about Barbie and Ken, the toys from Mattel. The song was very popular. It was #1 across the music charts of certain countries. It was in the Top 20 charts in the United States. Barbie Girl also caused controversy at various times.
1997 songs
Pop songs
Eurodance songs |
85917 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claro%2C%20Ticino | Claro, Ticino | Claro was a municipality of the district Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
On 2 April 2017, the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona. |
921398 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vercel-Villedieu-le-Camp | Vercel-Villedieu-le-Camp | Vercel-Villedieu-le-Camp is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France. |
1005820 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbe%20clan | Inbe clan | The Inbe clan (Yin Bu Shi Inbe-shi) were a strong family in Japan a long time ago, during a time called the Kofun period (250-538 CE) and the Asuka period (538-710 CE). They came from an area called Kibi Province, which is now Okayama Prefecture. They were prominent in their links to religion.
They claimed descent from Futodama.
History
The clan started off as low class but gained power due to religious reasons. During the reign of Emperor Kotoku, the Inbe, along with the Nakatomi and Urabe families, were tasked with supervising the Department of Divinities.
During the Asuka period, the Inbe clan became more prominent and was involved in the political and military affairs of the Yamato court. In 587 CE, the Inbe clan was part of the allied forces that fought against the powerful Soga clan in the Battle of Shigisan. The battle resulted in the defeat of the Soga clan and the Inbe clan's rise in power.
During the 7th century, the Inbe clan had important roles in the Yamato court, including the position of O-omi, responsible for managing the court's affairs. In 645 CE, the clan supported Prince Naka no Oe, who later became Emperor Tenji, in a successful coup against his mother Empress Kogyoku.
During the Nara period (710-794 CE), the Inbe clan's influence declined, and they were gradually overtaken by the Nakatomi clan and their descendant clan the Fujiwara clan. In 807 their leader wrote the to complain to the Emperor over their exclusion.
They migrated to the east soon after and built the
Legacy
The Inbe clan was an influential group in Japan during the Kofun and Asuka periods. They were based in the Kibi Province, and were involved in politics and military affairs. Their legacy is still present in Japanese culture today, as they were responsible for building the Inbe Shrine, an important religious site. The Inbe clan's name can also be found in literary works such as the Man'yoshu. The Japanese government recognizes the Inbe clan as an important historical group, designating them as such in 1967. |
513120 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Kern | Peter Kern | Peter Kern (13 February 1949 - 26 August 2015) was an Austrian actor, movie director, screenwriter and producer. He has appeared in more than 70 movies since 1957 and directed about 25 movies. He starred in the 1978 movie Flaming Hearts. |
144504 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Punjab | West Punjab | West Punjab was a former province of Pakistan which existed from 1947 to 1955. The province covered an area of ,including much of the current Punjab province and the Islamabad Capital Territory, but excluding the former princely states of Bahawalpur. The capital was the city of Lahore and the province had four divisions (Lahore, Sargodha, Multan and Rawalpindi). The province was bordered by the former Indian state of East Punjab to the east, the princely state of Bahawalpur to the south, the provinces of Balochistan and Sindh to the southwest, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the northwest, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Occupied Kashmir to the northeast.
History
The independence of Pakistan in 1947 led to the divisions of the Punjab province into two new provinces. The East Punjab where most people were Sikh and Hindu became part of the new nation of India while the mainly Muslim West Punjab became part of the new nation of Pakistan. The name of the province was shortened to Punjab in 1950. West Punjab was merged into the province of West Pakistan in 1955 under the One Unit policy announced by Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali. When that province was dissolved, the area of the former province of West Punjab was combined with the former state of Bahawalpur to form a new Punjab Province.
People
At independence there was a Muslim majority in West Punjab with significant minorities of Hindus and Sikhs. Nearly all of these minorities left West Punjab for India, to be replaced by large numbers of Muslims fleeing in the opposite direction. The official language of West Punjab was Urdu but most of the population spoke Punjabi using the Shahmukhi script.
Government
The offices of Governor of West Punjab and Chief Minister of West Punjab lasted from August 15 1947, until 14th October 1955. The first Governor was Sir Francis Mudie with Iftikhar Hussain Khan as the first Chief Minister. Both offices were abolished in 1955, when the province of West Pakistan was created. The last Governor of West Punjab, Mushtaq Ahmad Gurmani, became the first Governor of West Pakistan. |
147217 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail%20Class%20100 | British Rail Class 100 | The British Rail Class 100 diesel multiple units were built by Gloucester Railway Carriage & Wagon Company Limited from 1956 to 1958, designed and built in collaboration with the Transport Sales Dept. of T.I. (Group Services) Ltd. |
839948 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euskirchen | Euskirchen | Euskirchen (; Kolsch: Oskerche) is a town and capital of Euskirchen, a district (Kreis) in North Rhine-Westphalia. |
907727 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesostigmatophyceae | Mesostigmatophyceae | The Mesostigmatophyceae is a type of basal green algae. They are usually found in fresh water. Mesostigmatophyceae can be be a sister group to all green algae, or as sister to all Streptophyta.
Categorization
There are many ways to place the Mesostigmatophyceae into a category. One popular way is to have it only one genus, which is Mesostigma. A different way to do it is two have two clades; Chlorokybus and Spirotaenia. It is also common to put Chlorokybus in a different class as Chlorokybophyceae. Below is a common way to sort the categories. |
174805 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelcard | Travelcard | A Travelcard is a ticket used for most transport in London, including buses and the underground. The ticket is issued by Transport for London and National Rail and can be used on the services of either.
History
Before Travelcards were used, travellers in Greater London had to pay every time they changed between
London Transport's bus and Underground services. This was a problem as it led to delays while purchasing the next ticket.
One ticket for all transport in London was one of the key promises made in 1981 by the newly-elected Labour Greater London Council, headed by council leader Ken Livingstone. The policy, with the slogan "Just The Ticket", meant that only one ticket was needed for London Transport bus and Underground services. They also reduced the price of transport. The price cut was then ruled illegal, but the one pricing scheme was mostly a success and was extended during the 1980s and 1990s as new transport routes were opened in London.
By 1985, there were two travelcards: the Travelcard itself, which covered only London Buses and the Underground, and the Capitalcard, which covered most bus, Underground and local British Rail (BR) services. The Travelcard replaced the original Capitalcard, while including its greater availability, around 1989.
The original "zonal" system was mainly in Greater London. The zone areas used both letters and numbers for the outermost zones such that bus availability ignored the letter while BR and Underground availability depended also upon the letter(s) - e.g. a Travelcard or Capitalcard valid in zone 3a (but not 3b or 3c) was valid on buses in zones 3a, 3b and 3c but only in zone 3a when used on the railway services.
Transport modes
A Travelcard entitles the holder to use the following modes of transport within Greater London:
London Buses, including some services that terminate outside of Greater London
London Underground
London Overground
Docklands Light Railway
National Rail except for the Heathrow Express
Tramlink
Travelcards also entitle the holder to a 33% discount on some London River Services. |
305926 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20de%20Galaup%2C%20comte%20de%20Lap%C3%A9rouse | Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse | Jean-Francois de Galaup, comte de La Perouse (1741--1788) was a French navigator who explored the Pacific Ocean. He died when his ship was wrecked in the New Hebrides during 1788. He met the English when they arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in January 1788. After a short stay in Botany Bay, he sailed away into the Pacific. |
156175 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer%2C%20Iowa | Archer, Iowa | Archer is a city of O'Brien County in the state of Iowa in the United States. Around 120 people were living in Archer as of 2000. |
426550 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivor%20Series%20%282013%29 | Survivor Series (2013) | Survivor Series (2013) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on November 24, 2013 at the TD Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. It was the twenty seventh Survivor Series event held by the WWE. |
1018172 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot | Foot | Land vertebrates have feet. The organization of their feet varies. Two factors come into play: weight and lifestyle.
1. Plantigrade: heavy animals usually put their heels down to support their weight.
2. Unguligrade: large animals with hooves.
3. Digitigrade is usually reserved for lighter animals. It means to walk on the toes.
Weight
Most heavy animals walk on four legs. There are some exceptions. Some really heavy birds move or moved on two legs. Moas are one example. It is quite clear that an ostrich is a very effective bird running on two legs.
Birds generally are an example of the change from four legs (originally as dinosaurs) to two legs. Humans the end product of changes that started in arboreal apes.
The study of such things is called "comparative foot morphology". |
375294 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Longwell | Ryan Longwell | Ryan Longwell (born August 16, 1974) was an NFL kicker from 1997-2012. He went to college in California. He played for the Green Bay Packers and the Minnesota Vikings. His jersey number was 8. |
125303 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumby | Gumby | Gumby is a dark green clay figure. He was in 233 episodes on American television series. He was also in a feature-length movie and other media. He has become well known as an example of stop motion clay animation. He has become a cultural icon. There have been many tributes and parodies, including a video game and toys. Gumby Adventures aired on PBS Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network and Galavision
Origin
Gumby was started by Art Clokey in 1953. The first 'episode' was a 3-minute short called Gumbasia. It showed moving lumps of clay set to music, and parodied Fantasia. In 1955, Art showed Gumbasia to movie producer Sam Engel, who then paid him for a 15-minute movie called Gumby Goes to the Moon.
Gumby was given his own NBC series in 1957. Female actress' voiced Gumby. New episodes were added in 1962, and Dallas McKennon became the voice of Gumby.
Characters
Gumby's main sidekick is Pokey, a talking orange pony. His enemies are the Blockheads. They are a pair of human-like, red-colored figures with block-shaped heads. The Blockheads were inspired by the Katzenjammer Kids, who were always getting into scrapes and causing discomfort to others. Other characters are Gumby's dog Nopey. All he says is "nope". There is also Prickle, a yellow dinosaur who sometimes acts like a detective with pipe and hat like Sherlock Holmes. Also on the series are Goo, a flying blue mermaid who spits blue goo balls and can change shape at will; Gumby's mother Gumba and father Gumbo. The later series in 1988 added Gumby's sister Minga and mastodon friend Denali.
1954
Gumbasia: Baby Gumby (November 27, 1954) - First appearance.
1956 - 1981
The Gumby Show (December 29, 1956 - June 13, 1981) - Episodes aired on NET.
1983 - current
Gumby Adventures (August 6, 1983 - April 19, 1997) - 1983 - 1989 aired on PBS. And 1994 - 1997 aired on Nickelodeon.
The Puppetoon Movie (June 12, 1987) - Hosted by Gumby, Pokey and Arnie.
Gumby: The Movie (December 1, 1995) - Gumby's first movie.
Gumby vs. the Astrobots (August 1, 2005) - Gumby's only in the game.
Gumby's 50th Anniversary (December 2, 2005) - Gumby's first special.
List of Gumby episodes
Bonus Features
The Adventures of Gumby had 22 bonus episodes and 16 episodes with commentary.
Bonus Episodes
Gumby episodes w/Commentary
Gumby Featurettes
Premavision History
1950's (1950-1959)
1960's (1960-1969)
1980's (1980-1989)
1990's (1990-1999)
2000's (2000-2009)
Games
Clayzy Game
Make the Gumby Scene
Deleted Episode
Baking Cookies (2008) - 1 minute
Gumbo and Gumba Bumper (2002) - 9 seconds (not episode); also in Gumby Vol. 1 (VHS and DVD).
Gumby Goes Clayzy - 6 minutes
In a Fix (1959) - 4 minutes
Gumby Bumpers
Gumby Bumpers in 2 minutes is released in January 4, 1980 starring Gumby, Pokey and cameo appearance of Blue Mermaid Goo.
Mary Had a Little Lamb
Was released on February 13, 1982. It is 6 minutes long.
1967 version
In 1967 version, an episode of Gumby Train Trouble is released in January 7, 1967 starring Gumby and first appearance of Nopey. This episode in 1967 is the version of 1958. |