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un52qh

As an expatriate, I’m endlessly amused at how possums can freak out people who’ve never seen one before.

The Bison Majestic and beautiful beasts.

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un52qh

As an expatriate, I’m endlessly amused at how possums can freak out people who’ve never seen one before.

'Possums are cool enough, for sure! But my little vote goes to Bobcats. They're kind of a mini-me version of a panther. All the same characteristics, just a lot smaller. They can be just as dangerous as a panther though, so if you spot one you need to stay clear. Bobcats are crazy territorial and will most definitely ruin your day if you step on their turf.

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un52qh

As an expatriate, I’m endlessly amused at how possums can freak out people who’ve never seen one before.

[mountain goats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_goat) - To me, they don’t really look like goats that can be found elsewhere, but maybe I’ve not seen enough of the world’s goats. Either way, they’re pretty nimble for being so brawny. Edit: Reading a bit of the article, they’re not goats despite the name. So, that explains it then.

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un552t

The resonance of the American accent is quite the most difficult part for me to understand. It's there with every word but still hard to imitate. Angggg kind of sound. Can you suggest how a non native speaker learn this resonance? Or is it just Vocal Fry?

Is there any certain part of America you're referring to? Accents vary greatly depending on where you are.

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un552t

The resonance of the American accent is quite the most difficult part for me to understand. It's there with every word but still hard to imitate. Angggg kind of sound. Can you suggest how a non native speaker learn this resonance? Or is it just Vocal Fry?

OP you may be talking about vocal fry? https://www.voices.com/blog/vocal-fry/ In which case it's not an accent, it's a... Fad? Not sure the exact definition, but it's definitely not used by everyone. Mainly young women.

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un552t

The resonance of the American accent is quite the most difficult part for me to understand. It's there with every word but still hard to imitate. Angggg kind of sound. Can you suggest how a non native speaker learn this resonance? Or is it just Vocal Fry?

I don't notice a buzz in any of the American accents I have encountered.

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un5yll

By **technological standard** I mean OSI (TCP\\IP) protocol, SQL commands, XML, JSON, coding standards KISS, DRY, YAGNI, design patters By **IT trends** I mean UML, microservices, project manifestations AGILE, SCRUM, REST and SOAP protocols, NoCode, latest programming languages (Go, Rust, Typescript, Kotlin) One time you think Java and Objective C are standard for mobile development and now Kotlin and Swift took their niche I can be wrong categorizing concepts above because of little experience in programming so I would like ask your view of technologies

There are two kinds of standard: de jure and de facto. De jure, "by right", standards are written down and backed by a recognised body, often a standards body but not necessarily. For example ISO/IEC 27001 and ANSI Common Lisp and ANSI C. De facto, "in fact, whether by right or not", standards are not backed by a recognised body as a standard, and are probably not written down. They're just what everyone does. SABSA is the de facto (it's the only) security architecture method for example. Objective-C, and now Swift, are a kind of de facto standard for Apple devices, because that's what Apple has decided it will be. (Not sure Java was ever a mobile device standard). An industry trend is just the latest fashion, there are no standards for a trend, e.g. cloud or zero trust, although there might eventually be for specific ways of delivering on the trend. Object oriented analysis/design/programming is (hopefully was) an industry trend, UML was a standard (it is a de jure standard) originally created by a modelling tool maker, Rational, who wanted to make sure the OO world didn't fragment and so they could sell more copies of Rose. UML was later adopted by the OMG (Object Management Group, a standards group, not Oh My God!). I wouldn't call KISS or DRY or YAGNI standards or industry trends: they're more heuristics or principles. A crutch, monkey-see-monkey-do, rules for the less capable, if I am being rude. Because in 90% of cases they're right but in 10% they aren't.

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un61oz

Do Americans strictly trace their ages using their birthdays? Is it unusual to consider yourself one year older when the new year comes? Even though your birthday hasn't come yet?

Yes we count our age by our last birthday. Between times or close to our next birthday, we might say "almost" the next age.

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un61oz

Do Americans strictly trace their ages using their birthdays? Is it unusual to consider yourself one year older when the new year comes? Even though your birthday hasn't come yet?

I count my age by how many trips I take around the Sun, not how many trips the Earth takes around the Sun . Strictly my birthday. Same for anyone I know.

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un61oz

Do Americans strictly trace their ages using their birthdays? Is it unusual to consider yourself one year older when the new year comes? Even though your birthday hasn't come yet?

Wait...is there somewhere that uses New Years?

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un626k

What do you think about that it is mandatory to vote in Australia? would it change America?

Australian here and honestly I'd prefer the American system. Everyone should be allowed to vote, but not required by law to.

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un626k

What do you think about that it is mandatory to vote in Australia? would it change America?

We’d certainly have a lot more uninformed voters. They’d probably all vote for [insert party here].

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un626k

What do you think about that it is mandatory to vote in Australia? would it change America?

I'd like to see how many votes there are for fictional, dead, or otherwise unknown characters in countries that force you to vote. There are people that do that here when you don't have to vote.

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un66b6

Which state(s) would you say generally range between 65-75F the most often, with an ideal amount of humidity? Ive lived in Arizona where the heat is far too intense, and in illinois where the humidity is enough to kill you. Looking to move somewhere with much better weather. Edit: For those claiming illinois humidity is nothing, its currently at 90% and regularly is this high during summer.

No state does that. San Diego is close, but is generally a bit warmer than that.

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un66b6

Which state(s) would you say generally range between 65-75F the most often, with an ideal amount of humidity? Ive lived in Arizona where the heat is far too intense, and in illinois where the humidity is enough to kill you. Looking to move somewhere with much better weather. Edit: For those claiming illinois humidity is nothing, its currently at 90% and regularly is this high during summer.

Southern coastal California has some of the most consistent and ideal weather conditions for human life in the world. It's actually so consistent it kinda gets boring. It does get chilly at night during the winter but on average you'll find the weather somewhere between 60-80f but usually in the 70s.

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un66b6

Which state(s) would you say generally range between 65-75F the most often, with an ideal amount of humidity? Ive lived in Arizona where the heat is far too intense, and in illinois where the humidity is enough to kill you. Looking to move somewhere with much better weather. Edit: For those claiming illinois humidity is nothing, its currently at 90% and regularly is this high during summer.

I'm gonna preface that there's only a few places like that in the US and they're all eye-wateringly expensive (like, the *cheapest* home is $1M+). The only places that come to mind are San Diego and Berkeley/Emeryville/Oakland. There's places that have a little bit colder winters (50F/10C) like Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz. And any place along the Bay Area peninsula from Burlingame to Sunnyvale.

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un73pn

I was always interested in that, since small towns in America usually has very limited transport options , unlike suburbs of big cities. Especially those who are younger than 16 and don't have driver's license. Are there school buses for that cases, or the school buses are used generally only for elementary school? In Europe, they usually use train or bus 'cause there is high population density and many local lines.

There are school buses almost everywhere, including for high school students. We don’t expect children, including teenagers, to use public transportation to get to school.

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un73pn

I was always interested in that, since small towns in America usually has very limited transport options , unlike suburbs of big cities. Especially those who are younger than 16 and don't have driver's license. Are there school buses for that cases, or the school buses are used generally only for elementary school? In Europe, they usually use train or bus 'cause there is high population density and many local lines.

To school, you take a school bus for all grades. To larger towns, you get a ride with a parents or friend or you bike or walk. I know people who biked 10 to 15 miles to work as teens in rural New England. If you can't get a ride, you don't go. Edit: added units.

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un73pn

I was always interested in that, since small towns in America usually has very limited transport options , unlike suburbs of big cities. Especially those who are younger than 16 and don't have driver's license. Are there school buses for that cases, or the school buses are used generally only for elementary school? In Europe, they usually use train or bus 'cause there is high population density and many local lines.

Public schools they have to bus you. The ride to school may be 45 min to an hour. They don't pick you up from your house, but rather a set location where other kids will gather. If private school, you can pay for a busing service, depending, or you drive your kids yourself. Usually kids in the city are okay on public transportation, but depending on the location. At our school in inner Milwaukee, the school bus service was the safer option for the kids.

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un75f0

Hi, I've been recently given this task where there's a file given named "test.txt" and within the file there's a line, now I've to sort them alphabetically. I'm aware of how to sort them but can't figure out how do I read the words as separate strings so that I can perform sort on them. Done this as of now, thanks!! #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <fstream> int main() { fstream myFile("test.txt",ios::in); string str; getline(myFile,str); string s; return 0; } The given text in the file is "The main thing that propelled the development of the aeroplanes at such a fast pace was, however, the first and the second world war."

You can use the `>>` to read a single word, i.e. all characters up to a whitespace: string word; fstream >> word; Alternatively you can read the entire line as you do now and implement you own function that splits the line into words. Basically you do this by iterating over every character in the line and if it isn't a whitespace you add that character to the current word, if it is a whitespace you put the current word in a list, and start a new current word. Then you just need to iterate over all the words in the line, see https://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/input-and-output-io-streams/ Then you need to put each word into a list, I suggest you to use `std::vector`, see https://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/an-introduction-to-stdvector/, unless you are not allowed to by your teacher. There are already functions in the C++ standard library to sort the elements in a vector, see https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/sort

cpp_questions

un7vhd

Im curious, I've seen it in movies bunch of times in suburban area the guy is pulling his wheelie bin on sidewalk and leaves is there. How does that work? You get the bin from local waste collection company or you have to buy your own? Then what, you just leave it on sidewalk at certain time and get it back to your yard after collection?

Garbage truck comes a certain day of the week, that morning you leave it by the curb and the truck empties the bin into the back of the truck and leaves the bin where it was. You can then put it back where it goes wherever. Who gets the garbage bin is entirely dependent on city, I have had it supplied to me and had to source it myself. Note to Brits, garbage bin is a larger device that is used to hold multiple trash bags for a while, not a garbage can which is used to store a singular trash bag and is usually inside the house.

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un7vhd

Im curious, I've seen it in movies bunch of times in suburban area the guy is pulling his wheelie bin on sidewalk and leaves is there. How does that work? You get the bin from local waste collection company or you have to buy your own? Then what, you just leave it on sidewalk at certain time and get it back to your yard after collection?

It depends where you live. Generally you wheel the bin down on a designated day and pick it back up after the garbage man empties it.

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un7vhd

Im curious, I've seen it in movies bunch of times in suburban area the guy is pulling his wheelie bin on sidewalk and leaves is there. How does that work? You get the bin from local waste collection company or you have to buy your own? Then what, you just leave it on sidewalk at certain time and get it back to your yard after collection?

I don’t see it mentioned here, but some places do not have any government subsidized trash collection at all. I have some friends who have to load their stuff in their vehicle and drive it to the dump. They live out in the country, however. Suburban or urban areas will have some kind of collection service. I think. Probably be a literal shitshow if they didn’t.

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un8cgg

I recently saw an article claiming that right and left wing people have the areas of the brain responsible for fear and empathy developed differently and that this was the cause of their political differences. Does this hypothesis has any merit among neuroscientists?

I say *no* (I am a neuroscientist) What usually happens is, you collect a bunch of MRI data. This takes the form of a huge block of data, a datapoint for every cubic millimeter or so of brain tissue, every second or so (called a "voxel"). You collect an hours worth of this data for dozens of individuals - now you have *billions* of voxels. Do your preprocessing and your stats right, and you can find statistically significant differences between *any* two groupings of people you choose. Now you look through where those differences show up, and if you find you are able to construct a fun story out of the differences you observe and the way you sliced your subject sample, you write a paper! Voilà! This is a bit cynical, sure: these supposed differences are a result of "p-hacking" with monstrous datasets. That's probably not all there is to it, but go look at some of these papers that correlate e.g. functional activity between some brain areas with certain personality attributes - you find that the 'differences' are between strongly overlapping groups. They are merely "statistically significant" which is a seriously fraught concept. Look at Figures 1 and 2 [here] (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-017-0248-5) or figure 3 in [this] (https://academic.oup.com/scan/article/13/1/43/4596542) to see what I'm talking about. These are the sorts of studies that are the basis for the ideas you are bringing up. If there are differences in the amygdala that account for political differences, they are faint and certainly not the fundamental component in the story. "Causation" is another fraught element here. If conservatives are *slightly* more likely to have a large amygdala (for example), that doesn't mean it's the *cause* of their politics. It might just as well be that having those opinions, over time, resulted in some differential growth of the amygdala. i.e. it might be an *effect* (albeit a very weak one) rather than a cause. On the other hand, since the human mind *just is* the brain, it must be true that when there are differences between minds, there are differences between brains. But in my personal and professional opinion, these kinds of differences cannot be measured by any existing neuroimaging methods - they are a matter of fine-grained connectivity between relatively small numbers of neurons.

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un8cgg

I recently saw an article claiming that right and left wing people have the areas of the brain responsible for fear and empathy developed differently and that this was the cause of their political differences. Does this hypothesis has any merit among neuroscientists?

We talked about it in grad school(political science), I am going to try to find [source](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092984/) The gist of it though is there is a difference in the brain as you said, and it is statistically relevant, but the effect is just not that strong. There is also still no good evidence of which way the causal arrow points, as in we don’t know if the different brain structure leads to certain political ideologies, or if different ideologies shape parts of our brains differently.

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un8cgg

I recently saw an article claiming that right and left wing people have the areas of the brain responsible for fear and empathy developed differently and that this was the cause of their political differences. Does this hypothesis has any merit among neuroscientists?

As tempting as it is to judge one's ideological opposites, and how satisfying it might be to have some scientific data that could be massaged to support that judgement, I think causation and correlation's on-again-off-again, tempestuous relationship is important to think about here. I don't personally think structural *brain differences* at adulthood **cause** anything, necessarily, any more than they might **result** from, say, environmental, genetic, and social factors over a person's lifetime. So, I don't think saying different brains result in different politics is a valid scientific hypothesis, because there's no possible way to separate nature from nurture, here. People's beliefs are demonstrably affected by who and what they're exposed to over their lives, and brain structures demonstrably change in response to different external pressures and thinking patterns over time...so, really, I think your question is kind of backwards.

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un975o

Trump vs Biden again? And if yes, who do you think will win and WHY?

My head hurts.

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un975o

Trump vs Biden again? And if yes, who do you think will win and WHY?

God fucking kill me.

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un975o

Trump vs Biden again? And if yes, who do you think will win and WHY?

I think they are both going to be done and buried tbh… hope someone way younger gets the spot. Tired of seeing these old geezers in office.

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un9aln

[Previous weeks!](https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/search?sort=new&restrict_sr=on&q=flair%3ASASQ) **Please Be Aware**: We expect everyone to read the rules and guidelines of this thread. Mods *will* remove questions which we deem to be too involved for the theme in place here. We *will* remove answers which don't include a source. These removals will be without notice. Please follow the rules. Some questions people have just don't require depth. This thread is a recurring feature intended to provide a space for those simple, straight forward questions that are otherwise unsuited for the format of the subreddit. Here are the ground rules: * Top Level Posts should be questions in their own right. * Questions should be clear and specific in the information that they are asking for. * Questions which ask about broader concepts may be removed at the discretion of the Mod Team and redirected to post as a standalone question. * We realize that in some cases, users may pose questions that they don't realize are more complicated than they think. In these cases, we will suggest reposting as a stand-alone question. * Answers **MUST** be *properly* sourced to respectable literature. Unlike regular questions in the sub where sources are only required upon request, the lack of a source *will* result in removal of the answer. * Academic secondary sources are prefered. Tertiary sources are acceptable *if* they are of academic rigor (such as a book from the 'Oxford Companion' series, or a reference work from an academic press). * The *only* rule being relaxed here is with regard to depth, insofar as the anticipated questions are ones which do not require it. All other rules of the subreddit are in force.

There's a trope of a medieval knight and his trusty squire traveling through the countryside on quests. I know quests didn't really happen but how many squires or servants would accompany an average, mid level knight on his journeys? Like for example, a knight has his knight's fee in Swabia and he's traveling to Italy to see the Emperor during the Hohenstaufen dynasty. He's not on campaign but there may or may not be some fighting. Would the knight still spend a large chunk of his earnings to arm himself and 10 others just in case Or would he travel himself prepared for battle but only with a squire or two so they could set the camps and tend the horses? What and how many would accompany a traveling knight?

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un9aln

[Previous weeks!](https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/search?sort=new&restrict_sr=on&q=flair%3ASASQ) **Please Be Aware**: We expect everyone to read the rules and guidelines of this thread. Mods *will* remove questions which we deem to be too involved for the theme in place here. We *will* remove answers which don't include a source. These removals will be without notice. Please follow the rules. Some questions people have just don't require depth. This thread is a recurring feature intended to provide a space for those simple, straight forward questions that are otherwise unsuited for the format of the subreddit. Here are the ground rules: * Top Level Posts should be questions in their own right. * Questions should be clear and specific in the information that they are asking for. * Questions which ask about broader concepts may be removed at the discretion of the Mod Team and redirected to post as a standalone question. * We realize that in some cases, users may pose questions that they don't realize are more complicated than they think. In these cases, we will suggest reposting as a stand-alone question. * Answers **MUST** be *properly* sourced to respectable literature. Unlike regular questions in the sub where sources are only required upon request, the lack of a source *will* result in removal of the answer. * Academic secondary sources are prefered. Tertiary sources are acceptable *if* they are of academic rigor (such as a book from the 'Oxford Companion' series, or a reference work from an academic press). * The *only* rule being relaxed here is with regard to depth, insofar as the anticipated questions are ones which do not require it. All other rules of the subreddit are in force.

Would the annexation of serbia, even though that was unlikely an initial goal of Austro-Hungarian empire, have gone to Austrian empire or Hungarian kingdom? I'm sure the Austrians would have wanted to keep it, but it mostly bordered Hungary and sounds like a disrupting event had it succeeded .

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un9aln

[Previous weeks!](https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/search?sort=new&restrict_sr=on&q=flair%3ASASQ) **Please Be Aware**: We expect everyone to read the rules and guidelines of this thread. Mods *will* remove questions which we deem to be too involved for the theme in place here. We *will* remove answers which don't include a source. These removals will be without notice. Please follow the rules. Some questions people have just don't require depth. This thread is a recurring feature intended to provide a space for those simple, straight forward questions that are otherwise unsuited for the format of the subreddit. Here are the ground rules: * Top Level Posts should be questions in their own right. * Questions should be clear and specific in the information that they are asking for. * Questions which ask about broader concepts may be removed at the discretion of the Mod Team and redirected to post as a standalone question. * We realize that in some cases, users may pose questions that they don't realize are more complicated than they think. In these cases, we will suggest reposting as a stand-alone question. * Answers **MUST** be *properly* sourced to respectable literature. Unlike regular questions in the sub where sources are only required upon request, the lack of a source *will* result in removal of the answer. * Academic secondary sources are prefered. Tertiary sources are acceptable *if* they are of academic rigor (such as a book from the 'Oxford Companion' series, or a reference work from an academic press). * The *only* rule being relaxed here is with regard to depth, insofar as the anticipated questions are ones which do not require it. All other rules of the subreddit are in force.

(Book suggestion on Christianity) I would like to read a book on the history of the early Christian church (up through and including the East-West Schism). The two books I'm looking at are MacCulloch's *Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years* and Robert Louis Wilken's *The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity*. MacCulloch's appears to be more popular, but Wilken's is published by Yale and is shorter. Can someone recommend either of these, or perhaps something else? Thanks!

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un9u8w

So I was looking for job offers, and I came across an HTML email developer, it pays a bit more than what I am doing right now (technical designer), but I never heard of this kind of jobs, in my mind, it sounds like quite simple. I googled and I found that it was mostly doing HTML and debugging through different browsers/email clients. So my question is, is there some hidden things that I am missing? What does the job actually entails? Is there potentially an HTML email developer that can enlighten me? PS: and an extra question, what portfolio would be considered good for this kind of job?

The HTML in HTML emails is a tightly restricted subset of HTML since it can only be what's safe enough to embed in a webmail client. So I imagine it would be pretty annoying since so much of what you Google wouldn't be usable and most of the techniques you end up using would be considered bad practices on normal web pages, specifically using tables for layout.

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un9u8w

So I was looking for job offers, and I came across an HTML email developer, it pays a bit more than what I am doing right now (technical designer), but I never heard of this kind of jobs, in my mind, it sounds like quite simple. I googled and I found that it was mostly doing HTML and debugging through different browsers/email clients. So my question is, is there some hidden things that I am missing? What does the job actually entails? Is there potentially an HTML email developer that can enlighten me? PS: and an extra question, what portfolio would be considered good for this kind of job?

It's basically doing 90s style HTML (and very limited inline CSS)... because most email clients only support very old + basic HTML/CSS. It's fairly straight forward work, because not much changes... you just need to do lots of compatibility testing. But it can be frustrating, because you won't be getting to play with any new tech, and the work will be quite repetitive. Also not the best thing to have on your resume in the future if you want to move on to more modern webdev etc. It won't really make you look like much of a "programmer". But it might be suited to people who don't really like programming that much, and just want a fairly straight forward tech job where you don't need to learn a lot or keep up to date with new tech. i.e. Very little creativity, it's kinda like being a factory line worker of the dev world.

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un9u8w

So I was looking for job offers, and I came across an HTML email developer, it pays a bit more than what I am doing right now (technical designer), but I never heard of this kind of jobs, in my mind, it sounds like quite simple. I googled and I found that it was mostly doing HTML and debugging through different browsers/email clients. So my question is, is there some hidden things that I am missing? What does the job actually entails? Is there potentially an HTML email developer that can enlighten me? PS: and an extra question, what portfolio would be considered good for this kind of job?

I imagine a large part of the job will be finding ways to bypass the spam filters on gmail and outlook

AskProgramming

un9vmo

The Stonewall Riots were a watershed moment in American queer history, but personally I didn't hear about them until some point in college - they weren't even mentioned in any history or social studies classes. I'm curious whether they're at all widely known outside of the New York area.

They were briefly covered in AP US history in my high school in the late 90s. My teacher was a very liberal activist type teacher. I don’t know if it was part of the normal AP US History curriculum. Most of what I know about them was from just reading about history after high school.

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un9vmo

The Stonewall Riots were a watershed moment in American queer history, but personally I didn't hear about them until some point in college - they weren't even mentioned in any history or social studies classes. I'm curious whether they're at all widely known outside of the New York area.

When I went to school (80s-90s), History covered very little after WW2, except for brief discussions of Korea, Vietnam, and the Cold War. Anything recent of a more cultural nature we were expected to just pick up ourselves, I think; to be fair, that mostly worked. Now that we’re talking about something over 50 years ago instead of 20, I would bet it’s in more books.

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un9vmo

The Stonewall Riots were a watershed moment in American queer history, but personally I didn't hear about them until some point in college - they weren't even mentioned in any history or social studies classes. I'm curious whether they're at all widely known outside of the New York area.

They're mentioned, but typically as an example of the general societal unrest during the 60s rather than directly focused upon.

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unaazq

So, several times in my career over the years, I have contemplated a switch to an IT career. My focus would be networks and/or security. My father in an IT lifer and have several good friends in the IT field. I myself am an industry biologist. While I absolutely love science and am passionate about my work, some toxic work environments I have found myself in have pushed me to go in a different direction. IT has always one of those things I think I could be really happy doing. I have always had a knack for understanding computers and how to troubleshoot them, I have never ventured beyond the hobbyist sort of computer nerd. I have always wanted to step up my credentials in my desired path and become a professional. Each time I try, my IT buddies are always a bit pessimistic. Before now, say about 10 years ago, the reaction was "You will not make a lot of money starting out in IT" and various other arguments about starting IT from the bottom. BTW, the money in biology isn't great either. But if your a science nerd like me, biological lab and field work can be rewarding. So now, at 40, and again in a toxic environment and industry job, I am looking to make an exit and find another passion to pursue professionally. Now, my friends say that I have no chance to beat out a recent college grad with no experience for a job. The idea is that put a recent college grad with little to no xp vs a motivated 40 year old with little to no xp, HR will always go with the college grad, hands down. So it seems they are telling me that I missed the boat and stick to biology. What do you guys think? Would it be a waste of time to seek out some certifications and head for the nearest help desk wanted ad? Edit: Some great advice and feeling the reddit love. But want to clear up one topic. I know the money won't be anywhere near what I make now. I have an established career and some serious credentials backing up my experience currently. I am not looking for a change to make the money. I want the change to reinvigorate me. I want a job that I can learn and growth with in something new and exciting (for me). I also know that toxic work environments are everywhere. I just am just stuck in one right now and that is what is spurring the change.

I'm 38, went back to school at 35 and got my associates degree in CIS/MIS. Graduated a year ago. I'm finishing up my second contracted project this month and starting my first direct hire IT role next month in desktop support. Ill be enrolling in the fall to pursue my bachelor's as well. I also have a wife and 3 kids, one of them being just 3 weeks old. The point of that is...fuck your friends. Go for it. If I can do it then so can you.

ITCareerQuestions

unaazq

So, several times in my career over the years, I have contemplated a switch to an IT career. My focus would be networks and/or security. My father in an IT lifer and have several good friends in the IT field. I myself am an industry biologist. While I absolutely love science and am passionate about my work, some toxic work environments I have found myself in have pushed me to go in a different direction. IT has always one of those things I think I could be really happy doing. I have always had a knack for understanding computers and how to troubleshoot them, I have never ventured beyond the hobbyist sort of computer nerd. I have always wanted to step up my credentials in my desired path and become a professional. Each time I try, my IT buddies are always a bit pessimistic. Before now, say about 10 years ago, the reaction was "You will not make a lot of money starting out in IT" and various other arguments about starting IT from the bottom. BTW, the money in biology isn't great either. But if your a science nerd like me, biological lab and field work can be rewarding. So now, at 40, and again in a toxic environment and industry job, I am looking to make an exit and find another passion to pursue professionally. Now, my friends say that I have no chance to beat out a recent college grad with no experience for a job. The idea is that put a recent college grad with little to no xp vs a motivated 40 year old with little to no xp, HR will always go with the college grad, hands down. So it seems they are telling me that I missed the boat and stick to biology. What do you guys think? Would it be a waste of time to seek out some certifications and head for the nearest help desk wanted ad? Edit: Some great advice and feeling the reddit love. But want to clear up one topic. I know the money won't be anywhere near what I make now. I have an established career and some serious credentials backing up my experience currently. I am not looking for a change to make the money. I want the change to reinvigorate me. I want a job that I can learn and growth with in something new and exciting (for me). I also know that toxic work environments are everywhere. I just am just stuck in one right now and that is what is spurring the change.

Why do you care what your friends think? If they're not ambitious, that's their problem. You can make plenty of money as a 40 year old just starting in IT. Go for it.

ITCareerQuestions

unaazq

So, several times in my career over the years, I have contemplated a switch to an IT career. My focus would be networks and/or security. My father in an IT lifer and have several good friends in the IT field. I myself am an industry biologist. While I absolutely love science and am passionate about my work, some toxic work environments I have found myself in have pushed me to go in a different direction. IT has always one of those things I think I could be really happy doing. I have always had a knack for understanding computers and how to troubleshoot them, I have never ventured beyond the hobbyist sort of computer nerd. I have always wanted to step up my credentials in my desired path and become a professional. Each time I try, my IT buddies are always a bit pessimistic. Before now, say about 10 years ago, the reaction was "You will not make a lot of money starting out in IT" and various other arguments about starting IT from the bottom. BTW, the money in biology isn't great either. But if your a science nerd like me, biological lab and field work can be rewarding. So now, at 40, and again in a toxic environment and industry job, I am looking to make an exit and find another passion to pursue professionally. Now, my friends say that I have no chance to beat out a recent college grad with no experience for a job. The idea is that put a recent college grad with little to no xp vs a motivated 40 year old with little to no xp, HR will always go with the college grad, hands down. So it seems they are telling me that I missed the boat and stick to biology. What do you guys think? Would it be a waste of time to seek out some certifications and head for the nearest help desk wanted ad? Edit: Some great advice and feeling the reddit love. But want to clear up one topic. I know the money won't be anywhere near what I make now. I have an established career and some serious credentials backing up my experience currently. I am not looking for a change to make the money. I want the change to reinvigorate me. I want a job that I can learn and growth with in something new and exciting (for me). I also know that toxic work environments are everywhere. I just am just stuck in one right now and that is what is spurring the change.

You have a STEM degree, you have a good story to tell, you (presumably) have a work ethic that will enable you to be successful. Go for it.

ITCareerQuestions

unacle

I am experimenting with A\* pathfinding, and I have been using the Wikipedia pseudo code for reference. It works fine, but I have a question regarding optimization... Towards the end, I have to check if a node is in the open list: if neighbor not in openSet Assuming the openSet is a min heap, what is the most efficient way of doing this? Right now I am just iterating through the container (which is a vector turned min heap) to see if I find the element, but this means I have to check every element if it's not there. Is there a better way to do it, or am I overthinking this and is this fine?

Hashsets, bitsets.

cpp_questions

unaikd

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology** Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". **Asking Questions:** Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. **Answering Questions:** Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. [The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here](http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/index#wiki_answering_askscience). In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, [please refer to the information provided here](https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/about/sticky). Past AskAnythingWednesday posts [can be found here](http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=flair%3A%27meta%27&restrict_sr=on&sort=new&t=all). Ask away!

[Neuroscience] It’s said that, when you go though some trauma (I’m thinking about ptsd) your brain is physically damaged in the process. How can that happen? How does that actually happen? (So what is damaged and how) Thanks!

AskScience

unaikd

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology** Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". **Asking Questions:** Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. **Answering Questions:** Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. [The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here](http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/index#wiki_answering_askscience). In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, [please refer to the information provided here](https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/about/sticky). Past AskAnythingWednesday posts [can be found here](http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=flair%3A%27meta%27&restrict_sr=on&sort=new&t=all). Ask away!

If a physically and psychologically healthy person experiences no significant situations of fear, stress or excitement on any given day, will adrenaline still have a role to play in their bodily function on that day? In other words, does adrenaline have a role to play outside of the fight-or-flight response?

AskScience

unaikd

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology** Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". **Asking Questions:** Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. **Answering Questions:** Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. [The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here](http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/index#wiki_answering_askscience). In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, [please refer to the information provided here](https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/about/sticky). Past AskAnythingWednesday posts [can be found here](http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=flair%3A%27meta%27&restrict_sr=on&sort=new&t=all). Ask away!

I've always wondered if the electricity in our bodies has been observed to dissipate when we die or when we go to sleep.

AskScience

unbdc6

What condiments do NOT go with barbecue?

This is going to be a proxy war for people slamming different regional barbecue sauces

AskAnAmerican

unbdc6

What condiments do NOT go with barbecue?

Ketchup. You can use it as a base for making a barbecue sauce if you want (there are better ways) but don't ever give me ketchup itself.

AskAnAmerican

unbdc6

What condiments do NOT go with barbecue?

Maple flavored corn syrup.

AskAnAmerican

unc1ll

Yesterday I went to a cheesecake factory that opened in my country with a friend from the US, everything was delicious and very big, but it was quite pricey (I mean they serve a lot so it wasn't going to be cheap) but then I ordered a cheesecake slice with strawberry and it was very expensive for what I got IMO, and my friend said that it wasn't that expensive, that in usa the majority of restaurants cost around the same, that I just felt it expensive because food in Mexico is super cheap, is that true?

They're on the expensive side of the average but they are far from "very expensive".

AskAnAmerican

unc1ll

Yesterday I went to a cheesecake factory that opened in my country with a friend from the US, everything was delicious and very big, but it was quite pricey (I mean they serve a lot so it wasn't going to be cheap) but then I ordered a cheesecake slice with strawberry and it was very expensive for what I got IMO, and my friend said that it wasn't that expensive, that in usa the majority of restaurants cost around the same, that I just felt it expensive because food in Mexico is super cheap, is that true?

Cheesecake Factory is typically a full service restaurant mostly based out of malls. It is probably a higher price point for the more casual sit-down dining (think TGI Fridays, Applebees). The prices aren't budget prices, but you're getting a lot of food and they specifically promote that "everyone leaves with a doggy bag" or whatever. It isn't an every day thing for most people though. It isn't even a every weekend-thing. Its where you go with your family on a night out, or when you want to splurge a little. But it also isn't fine dining where you can easily spend $100-150 per person. Also I imagine most Cheesecake Factories abroad are probably in tourist areas catering to American or western tourists. They may even be more expensive than they are back home.

AskAnAmerican

unc1ll

Yesterday I went to a cheesecake factory that opened in my country with a friend from the US, everything was delicious and very big, but it was quite pricey (I mean they serve a lot so it wasn't going to be cheap) but then I ordered a cheesecake slice with strawberry and it was very expensive for what I got IMO, and my friend said that it wasn't that expensive, that in usa the majority of restaurants cost around the same, that I just felt it expensive because food in Mexico is super cheap, is that true?

I would put them above average, and not really worth it unless you just love cheesecake.

AskAnAmerican

unc50n

So I have heard that infra-red radiation is heat. In other words that IR is a certain frequency of electromagnetic radiation, like visible light and radio waves. I also know that heat is something like the energy in a system, or that it’s kind of a measure of how much molecules are vibrating. So are heat and IR one and the same? Or is IR one type of heat? I’m a little confused about the exact definitions here.

This question has a lot to unpack. First, IR is not the same thing as heat, as you surmised. Heat is energy, which is transferred in a thermodynamic system. IR is electromagnetic radiation- so while IR *has* energy, it's not right to say that is *is* energy/heat. So, what are the connections between heat and IR? First, there is the fact that radiation is one of the methods to transfer heat. The "big three" ways of transferring heat is via conduction (two objects touch, heat flows between the two objects), convection (there is a fluid like air or water between two objects, and the heat is carried by the fluid from one object to another), and radiation (Electromagnetic radiation leaves one object and is absorbed by another). On Earth, the primary way things are heated is via convection (there is something hot in your room, it heats the air, the air heats you). In Space, the primary way things are heated or cooled is radiation (radiation from the Sun hits the space shuttle, the space shuttle absorbs it, heating up). This is why things heat up and cool off much slower in space than perhaps people expect- radiative heating/cooling is much slower than convective heating/cooling. So, if you were ejected into deep space far from a star, even though it's "very cold" there, it would take some time for you to cool off, because the only way for you to lose heat is via radiative cooling. (Also of interest, there are [infrared heaters](https://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/heating-and-cooling/infrared-heaters.htm) which are more efficient than regular heaters because it heats you instead of all of the air). So, IR is a type of radiation, meaning it can carry heat. But this leads to the next question- if any electromagnetic radiation can carry heat, why IR, and not- say, visible light or X-Rays? The answer lies in [blackbody radiation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body_radiation) which essentially says "the hotter an object, the shorter the wavelength of light it emits" (while there's a lot more to it than that, that's the important part for this). So the Sun is really hot, and emits visible light (this is also how incandescent light bulbs work- they just heat up really hot to emit visible light). But that is hotter than we normally want things- so IR radiation is radiated by things which are the temperature we normally want things to be. So something that's like 100 F (aka- about a human body), will emit IR radiation. This is also how passive night vision goggles work- instead of looking in the visible spectrum, they see in the IR spectrum, tuned towards the temperatures we would expect things to be (aka, around body temperature). So, warm objects (like humans) emit IR radiation, via black body radiation, and these goggles see those, and then convert that into visible light in your goggles.

AskScience

unc50n

So I have heard that infra-red radiation is heat. In other words that IR is a certain frequency of electromagnetic radiation, like visible light and radio waves. I also know that heat is something like the energy in a system, or that it’s kind of a measure of how much molecules are vibrating. So are heat and IR one and the same? Or is IR one type of heat? I’m a little confused about the exact definitions here.

Since it has already been explained quite thoroughly by others, let me add this sidenote that might help: Any objects with a temperature radiate that thermal energy away slowly to its surroundings. Take for example a book that is lying on your desk. It is constantly radiating away its energy to its surroundings. But because the rest of your room is probably almost the same temperature as the book, the room is also radiating its energy back to the book. In this dance, everything is constantly emitting, and absorbing energy. In a room where everything is the same temperature, this simply cancels eachother out. If you place something hot, like a cup of coffee, in the room however, it's radiating out more energy than it is receiving, thus it loses heat to radiation. This electromagnetic radiation that an object emits, consists of a distribution of various wavelengths of light. At the temperatures we see in our everyday life, these wavelengths are almost all in the infrared regime. That is why you can see the temperature of objects with an infrared camera. [As objects heat up however, this distribution shifts towards the lower wavelengths - and into the visible light regime.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body_radiation#/media/File:Black_body.svg) That is why you can see metal glow when it gets hot enough.

AskScience

uncjr1

have you met any veterans?

Gen Xer here. I went back to school last year to complete my degree and currently I'm taking US History, post 1865 (just after the Civil War). The book we are using is Give Me Liberty by Eric Foner. Let me just say, I cannot recommend this book enough. My comment doesn't answer your question, but if you want an accurate and well-written account of US history, including our involvement in WWI, this book is IT! I did terribly in high school, and paid zero attention in history class. Now I have a 100% grade and we are almost finished (finals this week). That's all, just a nerdy book recommendation. :)

AskOldPeople

uncjr1

have you met any veterans?

My great uncle was a veteran of WW1. He didn’t say much about it, but then he didn’t talk much. He was a bit of a recluse. He did give me peppermints whenever I saw him though.

AskOldPeople

uncjr1

have you met any veterans?

My grandfather was a US Army veterinarian who treated horses. He was in France in WW1 but never spoke about what he did or saw there.

AskOldPeople

uncvn4

For example I was born in the late 90s, and I can’t imagine what technology would be like in 2050 and beyond, I imagine it’d blow me away

Some folks think everyone over 60 have problems w technology. But the truth is, most of us who still have our faculties, don’t. We totally grew up w it; ALL of it. The good, bad and ugly. However, it was an option whether you chose to use it, evolve w it, or live with it. I was born in 50’s and technological change was a slow moving train until about 2010.

AskOldPeople

uncvn4

For example I was born in the late 90s, and I can’t imagine what technology would be like in 2050 and beyond, I imagine it’d blow me away

Well it would be a shock if you had a time machine and could get there instantly. But change happens over time. We were there for the small, incremental changes that gave us the modern technology. Some things were shockingly ‘fast’ because we didn’t see or hear of the research that lead to it. The first heart transplant for instance, or the first ‘test tube baby’ or the first cloned sheep. Those seemed shocking because we had no idea they were on the horizon

AskOldPeople

uncvn4

For example I was born in the late 90s, and I can’t imagine what technology would be like in 2050 and beyond, I imagine it’d blow me away

71 here... It just creeps in quietly. With each new thing, there's no watershed moment. I once asked my grandmother [b.1886] what she thought when she saw her first airplane. She didn't remember it. That's how that shit goes.

AskOldPeople

und2mk

In a field dominated by introverts, I haven't met many (if any) extrovert developers. To those that are extroverts, do you like being a programmer? Do you think you'd be happier in another career where you could check more of your extrovert boxes?

I do. I don't think I agree with the premise that it's introvert-dominated tbh The fact you haven't met any extroverts makes me think you've either been worked in very homogeneous companies, or you don't really understand introversion/extraversion

AskProgramming

und2mk

In a field dominated by introverts, I haven't met many (if any) extrovert developers. To those that are extroverts, do you like being a programmer? Do you think you'd be happier in another career where you could check more of your extrovert boxes?

> In a field dominated by introverts That's more a stereotype than reality.

AskProgramming

undd0a

When you give it day and leave work - what do you do?

Lay in bed and rethink my life choices Then I get a snack

AskAnAmerican

undd0a

When you give it day and leave work - what do you do?

I usually pick up shifts at my second job where I work as Lead Patriarch and Diaper Technician.

AskAnAmerican

undd0a

When you give it day and leave work - what do you do?

Go home to the wife and kids. Go and coach my son's ice hockey team. Go to one of my hockey games.

AskAnAmerican

unds1k

At first I presumed it was because they were polymorphs, but that doesn't seem to be the case. It also doesn't seem to be a result of particle size (i.e. like maybe only nanoscale particles appear red). What's going on here?

I think fully anhydrous iron(III) oxide is black, so when macrocrystalline (as in haematite) it appears silvery. Much like a metal - metal powders are black, but the crystalline material is silvery. It's almost certainly not the same physical phenomenon causing the shininess though. Rust is red, orange, yellow etc. because it is hydrated to varying degrees, and this differing colour is due to differences in the crystal field splitting

AskScience

unds1k

At first I presumed it was because they were polymorphs, but that doesn't seem to be the case. It also doesn't seem to be a result of particle size (i.e. like maybe only nanoscale particles appear red). What's going on here?

Huh, I had always assumed it is different forms of rust, like hydrated iron oxide Fe2O3 being red, waterless iron oxide being brown, iron oxide-hydroxide being yellow and Iron II oxide being black. Curious to see if theres something more to it.

AskScience

undwpj

I work at a thrift store and my job is to inspect everything that gets donated to make sure we are able to sell it. I've noticed that a lot of items have social security numbers carved into them. I see it a lot with old cameras, but I've also seen it on the bottoms of statues and even on a piano once. It's really confusing to me because my generation was raised to never give out our social security numbers because of identity theft, but I guess that was less of a concern pre-internet. However, I don't understand the point of writing it on a random object. Is it so the item can be returned to you in case it is stolen? Would love to learn more about the reasoning for this.

When I was in college, it was my student ID number. The kind of identity theft we worry about now just didn’t exist. Getting any sort of credit was a difficult process and needed a lot of face to face interactions to procure.

AskOldPeople

undwpj

I work at a thrift store and my job is to inspect everything that gets donated to make sure we are able to sell it. I've noticed that a lot of items have social security numbers carved into them. I see it a lot with old cameras, but I've also seen it on the bottoms of statues and even on a piano once. It's really confusing to me because my generation was raised to never give out our social security numbers because of identity theft, but I guess that was less of a concern pre-internet. However, I don't understand the point of writing it on a random object. Is it so the item can be returned to you in case it is stolen? Would love to learn more about the reasoning for this.

In 84-86 when I was in tech school, they requested our SSN as ID when cashing checks. I actually had it printed on my checks because it was much easier than writing it out every time.

AskOldPeople

undwpj

I work at a thrift store and my job is to inspect everything that gets donated to make sure we are able to sell it. I've noticed that a lot of items have social security numbers carved into them. I see it a lot with old cameras, but I've also seen it on the bottoms of statues and even on a piano once. It's really confusing to me because my generation was raised to never give out our social security numbers because of identity theft, but I guess that was less of a concern pre-internet. However, I don't understand the point of writing it on a random object. Is it so the item can be returned to you in case it is stolen? Would love to learn more about the reasoning for this.

Ignorance and because in the "good old days" there was virtually no way for the average criminal to take advantage of having that social security number. It was not like today where any idiot can strip the other needed information from the internet to be able to do some identity theft. For some weird reason, people thought that if the item was stolen, cops could ID you and get the item back to you with your SS number. That was never true. In that era, they usually recommended your state and driver's license number be engraved on expensive stuff. Even that was hit and miss. Now the cops rarely even try and return stuff--they assume insurance took care of it and just ship it off to auction in most larger cities (because they benefit from auction proceeds in most cases.)

AskOldPeople

une32d

I finished 2/3 of this computer science assignment, but I am stuck on the last part, and to be honest I am not 100% sure what it is asking. So in part 2 of the assignment I created a a decryption program “decrypt.cc” (https://pastebin.com/ST21nEY3) that is called from the terminal like this: “$ echo input | ./decrypt 10” (an example: if the input is “ROVVY” then the output is “HELLO”). Part 3 of the assignment is supposed to crack a key, and is based on the decrypt.cc program. Specifically, you’re used to replicate the decryption code, count the number of E’s in the decrypted text, and print the key that produces the decrypted text with the most E’s. As a reference, the file encrypted.enc (https://pastebin.com/tsSSquXj ) has been encrypted with the key 15. I am unclear on how to do this, and how key is being defined here (is key literally the variable key? Is it a line? Is it the x variable?) Any clarification or tips would be appreciated.

>is key literally the variable key? It would appear so. More generally, it is the key provided to do encryption / decryption, so the number on the command line in your case.

cpp_questions

unehbf

Hi all, I'm interested in learning cpp and found [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/388242/the-definitive-c-book-guide-and-list) SO post that outlines some books to use whilst learning. However, my question is does the cpp version that the book uses matters all that much to me? Thanks

> does the cpp version that the book uses matters all that much to me? Not as long as you stick to at least C++11. Subsequent C++ standards generally dont invalidate old ones, they add new features (which may make some older patterns obsolecent). --- Obligatory mention of www.learncpp.com as the best free online resource out there.

cpp_questions

unemde

This question mainly pertains to people in my age group (Millennials) but everyone is welcome to comment! I was talking to a foreign friend of mine and he recently just started watching old Nickelodeon American sitcoms. (Not really old just shows that some of us in our 20s-30s grew up watching.) Shows like Zoey 101, Drake & Josh, iCarly, etc. He asked me if these shows accurately portray American culture. I said "Sure" but I honestly I didn't really think of it. So im asking other fellow Americans if you believe those tv shows are accurate examples of the USA or maybe not?

Yes, every court case ends with sending in the dancing lobsters. ^(I wish)

AskAnAmerican

unemde

This question mainly pertains to people in my age group (Millennials) but everyone is welcome to comment! I was talking to a foreign friend of mine and he recently just started watching old Nickelodeon American sitcoms. (Not really old just shows that some of us in our 20s-30s grew up watching.) Shows like Zoey 101, Drake & Josh, iCarly, etc. He asked me if these shows accurately portray American culture. I said "Sure" but I honestly I didn't really think of it. So im asking other fellow Americans if you believe those tv shows are accurate examples of the USA or maybe not?

TiL that those shows are “old” and here I am having grown up with “Salute your Shorts” “Pete & Pete” and “Hey Dude”

AskAnAmerican

unemde

This question mainly pertains to people in my age group (Millennials) but everyone is welcome to comment! I was talking to a foreign friend of mine and he recently just started watching old Nickelodeon American sitcoms. (Not really old just shows that some of us in our 20s-30s grew up watching.) Shows like Zoey 101, Drake & Josh, iCarly, etc. He asked me if these shows accurately portray American culture. I said "Sure" but I honestly I didn't really think of it. So im asking other fellow Americans if you believe those tv shows are accurate examples of the USA or maybe not?

For what it's worth I think those shows you named will connect more with younger millennials, I'm in my early 30s and they were all a little bit after my time. I couldn't tell you what any of them were like.

AskAnAmerican

unf88w

TL; DR: How do i display things such as a\* pathfinding algorithm with c++ (preferable in linux) So how do i make a window, where i can display things, such as a grid where i use the pathfinding algorithm a\* to find the shortest path between a and b. I know how to do all the coding a\*, but i don't know how i can display it. If i were to google how to make a\*, i always tend to find anything else than c++, such as javascript where you do it on a website, but i don't want to do i with javascript because it is so much slower. By the way, i have a dual boot (windows for shcool, and linux for programming) and i definetly prefer linux, so i would prefer if there is any other way than visual studio to do this. I have installed eclipse and tried using it, but it doens't have the prebuilt window application thing that visual studio has, and haven't been able to find any tutorials on how to make a window in eclipse (that i can understand).

Ui frameworks or libraries: wxwidgets, qt Rendering abstractions: sfml, sdl Rendering api: opengl, dx11, dx12, vulkan For a quick job I'd stick with sfml/sdl

cpp_questions

unfc4j

Try this experiment: film your face with your phone as you look to the side and try to move your eyes smoothly across the screen. You can't. All you'll see is *saccadic* eye movement (rapid little darts in eye position). Next, hold your finger behind your phone and focus on it while you move your finger from one side to the other. You'll see that your eyes move perfectly smooth while they track your finger. Why is this the case? I can already imagine evolutionary motivations for it: when we look out into our environment, we are performing **visual search** so rapid, darting eye movements are good for snapping from one area of interest to another. But, when tracking a moving object of interest (such as prey) it is important to be able to smoothly fixate on it. But my question is, do we know the **cortical or neuromuscular mechanisms** involve in this? Is there some sort of reflex involved?

When you fixate on a target you do what’s called a pursuit eye movement as you track it. These are smooth almost involuntarily extra ocular muscle movements to maintain binocular fixation of the retinal image on the fovea (area with the most dense photo receptors) When you try to voluntarily do the same thing you have no retinal image to tell the brain to fixate on. So it jumps around and cannot track it. These eye movements are more jumpy as you try to find an object to fixate one this is a saccade. The initiation of both come from different areas in the brain. The Frontal eye field initiates both saccades (jumpy eye movement) and smooth pursuit tracking I believe. Could be wrong about that part. It’s been a while since I got out of optometry school. Here’s something else that’s interesting. You have involuntary eye muscle movements of a stationary object when your in motion. Look at your phone camera and start turning your head up down left and right. Your eyes will be turning smoothly to track a stationary object without any input from you to move the eyes. This comes from the input from a combination of cranial nerves and is called the vestibulo ocular reflex. It’s like a natural image stabilization for our eyes

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unfdqk

I ll be travelling to the US soon, and I heard here and there that the testing requirements will be soonish dropped when wanting to fly to the us. But its difficult to search us news when living abroad. So i was wondering if there are any meetings planned or discussions on this topic in the us. When can i expect the testing requirement for fully vaccinated people to be dropped?

Anybody saying they know anything for sure regarding covid rules and regs is lying to you.

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unfdqk

I ll be travelling to the US soon, and I heard here and there that the testing requirements will be soonish dropped when wanting to fly to the us. But its difficult to search us news when living abroad. So i was wondering if there are any meetings planned or discussions on this topic in the us. When can i expect the testing requirement for fully vaccinated people to be dropped?

Lemme gather my fellow US homies for a quick meeting about this and we’ll get back to you.

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unfdqk

I ll be travelling to the US soon, and I heard here and there that the testing requirements will be soonish dropped when wanting to fly to the us. But its difficult to search us news when living abroad. So i was wondering if there are any meetings planned or discussions on this topic in the us. When can i expect the testing requirement for fully vaccinated people to be dropped?

We are not privy to the internal meeting schedule of the CDC.

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unfgrk

So, I am a qualified researcher in machine learning and am doing my second post-doc in Germany. Not trying to blow my own trumpet, but I need to set my qualifications straight to ensure that my question is not taken as a casual novice question. I am well-versed in Python, C++ and Rust. But in machine learning research I have always used Python to experiment when writing all my papers. ​ I now want to establish myself as someone who is a prized asset in ML industry. Apart from my theoretical knowledge and experience with projects, would it help if I develop myself in C++ for machine learning as well ? ​ This brings me to the heart of my question : What are the prospects of C++ and Rust for machine learning in industry really ? Is it a prized skill ? I am looking for some pointers from people who are experienced in ML industry.

That depends on what exactly you are planning to do. If you're primarily interested in exploring models then I'd stick to Python, the interface is simply much nicer. E.g. if you're doing things "I'd like to have a layer with feature X, then another layer with Y activation function, then Z more layers, ... and compare that against A's model in our ML football games". If you plan on implementing the underlying libraries like tensorflow or writing the functionalities found in those libraries yourself then you kinda need to go with C++. Or if you're on restricted hardware that doesn't have a python environment or even OS (robotics). All current ML frameworks are written in C++ (the Python layer is just the nice to use interface on top) so knowing that helps. You could write those things in Rust too but C++ has a much larger ecosystem.

cpp_questions

unfmt7

There are some really impressive hardware pieces on the market (usually made for specific purposes) that are way beyond their common counterparts (Samsung's new 512GB RAM, some audio cards, network cards that can reach absurd speeds -think I saw this one on LTT, etc), but the one thing they all have in common is that they use PCIe instead of their normal connectors. Why don't we use PCIe for everything (I mean, slowly transition into it) since it is so much better for larger and faster bandwith? That way we open the possibilities for that hardware to come to consumers who want to pay for them or, although not likely because there would hardly be any necessity, become part of the norm as the high-end hardware for enthusiasts.

There seems to be a bit of a disconnect between the title of your question and the body. As you've already noticed, hardware manufacturers do use PCIe where it makes sense to do so. They don't use it *everywhere* because of cost-benefit tradeoffs: either PCIe isn't better than the alternatives, or it isn't *sufficiently* better to justify the additional cost. For example: * Hardware that can actually transmit/receive data over a PCIe bus at those blistering speeds is expensive, both in terms of silicon die area and power consumption. That means it costs extra to add PCIe support to a peripheral. It also means your CPU can only support a limited number of PCIe lanes. * Many devices don't *need* lots of bandwidth, and can easily get away with using a much slower bus such as USB, I2C or SPI. For instance, keyboards, mice, fan controllers, BIOS flash chips, etc. * PCIe is not unequivocally superior to the alternatives. For instance, it requires many more signal lines than USB, and the lines have to be carefully designed and laid out on circuit boards to deal with things like impedance matching. (There are PCIe "extension cables", but they're vastly more expensive than USB cables.) * On the other hand, you wouldn't want to access all of your system's RAM over PCIe. As the name suggests, RAM performance in practice is largely constrained by random-access latency, and PCIe has much greater latency than a standard SDRAM bus. The Samsung PCIe RAM module that you mentioned is designed for specialized workloads that need more RAM than would otherwise be physically possible, and are willing to pay a latency penalty for it. > but the one thing they all have in common is that they use PCIe instead of their normal connectors I'm not sure what you mean by "normal connectors" -- PCIe *is* normal for things like sound cards and NICs.

AskComputerScience

unfscf

Hey folks so I am currently going through the Rust book and had this doubt. So if I have the following code - enum Message { Quit, Move { x: i32, y: i32 }, Write(String), ChangeColor(i32, i32, i32), } impl Message { fn move_call(&self) { println!("{}, {}", self.x, self.y); } } fn main() { let direction = Message::Move { x: 32, y: 45 }; direction.move_call() } I want to access the values of x and y in the move\_call method but I cannot. I get - error[E0609]: no field `x` on type `&Message` --> src\main.rs:16:33 | 16 | println!("{}, {}", self.x, self.y) | ^ error[E0609]: no field `y` on type `&Message` --> src\main.rs:16:41 | 16 | println!("{}, {}", self.x, self.y) I checked what self is representing using Debug trait which is - Move { x: 32, y: 45 } And I know that we can access fields of a struct using dot notation- struct Move { x: i32, y: i32, } let dir = Move { x: 21, y: 32 }; println!("{}, {}", dir.x, dir.y) So why is it in the enum case I cannot access x and y?? ​ My understanding here and I could be wrong is that we cannot just simply access one of the variants of the enum. The code wants us to write the cases for the other variants as well hence we need to resort to a match expression.

>My understanding here and I could be wrong is that we cannot just simply access one of the variants of the enum. The code wants us to write the cases for the other variants as well hence we need to resort to a match expression. Yeap, that's exactly right. So your `move call` could look like this: ``` impl Message { fn move_call(&self) { match self { // destructuring assignment Message::Move { x, y } => println!("{}, {}", x, y), // ignore all other cases for now _ => (), } } } ``` Link to full working example in Rust playground: https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=09d160baf48ba48577f30a5a729551ae

LearnRust

unglm9

I’m going to the US and Canada for 27 days total in the summer and was wondering if around $50 a day will be enough to enjoy myself there. I’m aware I’d be able to survive on this amount but was wondering if eating out, drinking and clubbing occasionally could be covered by this amount. I’m going to NYC, Toronto and LA and am aware of just how expensive some of these places can get. If $50 is too little, then what amount would be recommended? Edit: Accommodation and flights have been sorted. To rephrase the question differently, is ~$1,300 enough for 27 days? Also how could I survive on $50 then?

> survive Absolutely, no problem. > drinking Of course, as long as you're not picky! > clubbing Uhhhh.... > NYC, Toronto and LA I give you approximately 1.5 days.

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unglm9

I’m going to the US and Canada for 27 days total in the summer and was wondering if around $50 a day will be enough to enjoy myself there. I’m aware I’d be able to survive on this amount but was wondering if eating out, drinking and clubbing occasionally could be covered by this amount. I’m going to NYC, Toronto and LA and am aware of just how expensive some of these places can get. If $50 is too little, then what amount would be recommended? Edit: Accommodation and flights have been sorted. To rephrase the question differently, is ~$1,300 enough for 27 days? Also how could I survive on $50 then?

Visiting the 3 most expensive cities on the continent. I’d plan for double or even triple your assessment or get creative. Outside of those areas you might be able to get by with that though…

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unglm9

I’m going to the US and Canada for 27 days total in the summer and was wondering if around $50 a day will be enough to enjoy myself there. I’m aware I’d be able to survive on this amount but was wondering if eating out, drinking and clubbing occasionally could be covered by this amount. I’m going to NYC, Toronto and LA and am aware of just how expensive some of these places can get. If $50 is too little, then what amount would be recommended? Edit: Accommodation and flights have been sorted. To rephrase the question differently, is ~$1,300 enough for 27 days? Also how could I survive on $50 then?

You're gonna need to quadruple that for la and NYC idk bout Toronto

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ungm6s

also if you're not flaired tell us what region this is applicable to

How much does their shittiest beer cost? I'm not necessarily going to order it, but it tends to correlate with pretentiousness in my experience.

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ungm6s

also if you're not flaired tell us what region this is applicable to

Places that barely pass health and safety inspections>>>>>> Best food on earth

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ungm6s

also if you're not flaired tell us what region this is applicable to

For a bar, I’m mostly looking for the atmosphere. I’ll sometimes test them a bit by ordering a basic cocktail like an old fashioned. If they screw that up, I know to order beer from them on. I once ordered a Manhattan and got a shot of bourbon with a cherry in it. For restaurants, I look online to see the menu and reviews.

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ungxwc

Does the atmosphere bulge at the equator like the land/water does?

Yes.

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unhzm3

Can be entrees drinks or sides or all three together

Cheddar Bay Biscuits from Red Lobster

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unhzm3

Can be entrees drinks or sides or all three together

The blooming onions at Outback from like 25 years ago. And their bread and butter.

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unhzm3

Can be entrees drinks or sides or all three together

The All-Star Special at Waffle House can't be beat. Huge waffle, 2 eggs, toast, hash browns, and your choice of one - bacon, sausage or ham for 7.50 in my neck of the woods

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uni1tr

Does anyone have an example of erathostenes sieve for only odd numbers? like v[10] corresponds to 19 and so on?

Im confused how an erathostenes sieve with even numbers would look like

cpp_questions

uni6sa

Currently, I am practicing my Java and DSA skills on [hyperskill.org](https://hyperskill.org), although they are fantastic for Java and Python, unfortunately C++ is not available on their website. ​ Does anyone know whether there is any website that can provide c++ like Hyperskills?

Why is there no rules on this subreddit against thinly veiled marketing of sketchy Chinese websites? Incase you request was in at the very least somewhat genuine, just try to do the same exercises in C++. EDIT: OP corrected a typo in their post, website linked originally was incorrect.

cpp_questions

unibap

I was thinking about this between delicious sneezing episodes. Anecdotal, but I know immigrants who claim they’ve never had issues with pollen in their home countries but after arriving here they suddenly started succumbing to Big Pollen. What gives? Side note, the people I’ve asked have been mainly from warmer countries

[https://www.immunology.org/news/molecular-mechanism-allergies-discovered](https://www.immunology.org/news/molecular-mechanism-allergies-discovered) "For a long time, we’ve been aware that allergies occur much more frequently in Western countries" Developed countries suffer from allergies more often.

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unikqz

Humans are very culturally different across the globe. They learn different things from their culture, then think and act a certain way because of what they’ve learned and how they were raised. Are there any examples of animals who have similarly profound cultural differences based on where they are from?

[Cultural change in animals](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-019-0271-4) [Strongest evidence of animal culture in monkeys and whales](https://www.science.org/content/article/strongest-evidence-animal-culture-seen-monkeys-and-whales) [Geographical and cultural differences in orangutan behavior](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982211010190) [Geographical difference in bat echolocation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25664901/) For more examples Google search cultural difference animals or geographical differences animal behavior

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unikqz

Humans are very culturally different across the globe. They learn different things from their culture, then think and act a certain way because of what they’ve learned and how they were raised. Are there any examples of animals who have similarly profound cultural differences based on where they are from?

You can see it all over the place once you realize that culture doesn't have to look as extravagant or complex as humans happen to have taken it. Cultural knowledge are ideas and behaviors that, once learned, spread through certain populations usually because they are proven useful (even though they sometimes stick around even after they are stop being useful). Our primate cousins are well-known to exhibit these sorts of behaviors. Many learn all about what foods to eat, where to find them, when and how to eat them from their parents, meaning that rehabilitating orphaned primates usually requires teaching them this knowledge before they can be released back into the wild. But it's not just that different species of primates have different diets. With many, especially apes, we see that different groups in one region have developed different dietary preferences and processing methods than other groups in other regions. Take orangutans: some populations use leaves as napkins while others do not. Some may use leaves as cushions, instead, lining a gnarly branch with them before sitting down. Others use leaves like gloves to handle thorny branches. Different sized leaves may serve difference purposes, or a whole branch of them might be used as an umbrella. The point is that not all orangutans exhibit all these behaviors, but orangutans tend to exhibit more similar behaviors the more they share their ranges with each other, which more than suggests that they share and mimic one another's good ideas. Similar examples of culture is also well documented in chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas. Gibbons sing, and they learn their songs from their parents. The practice of washing sweet potatoes in the ocean spread through a group of macaques after just one of them did so. Frans de Waal has a great book called "Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?" that goes into many of these examples and more, with representatives from throughout the animal kingdom.

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unildl

Hi, I hope this isn't the wrong place to ask this. I'm a college student about to start my internship. I've been thinking about getting something like the rocket book or an e-ink tablet, like the supernote or remarkable for school, and was wondering how often a notebook comes in handy in a professional environment before I decide, one, if I should purchase one now, or wait until my next semester after the summer, as well a if I should spend more money on the e-ink or less in the rocket book since I only have the one semester left. Any advice is appreciated! Sorry if this is the wrong place to ask.

It sort of depends on the job and the individual. I've always been happy with just a smartphone, to jot a couple reminders or take a picture of a whiteboard discussion. I know people with my exact same role though who absolutely depend on a notebook. On a more general note, workplaces are much more collaborative than school, and you don't typically go to meetings where there is a ton of information dispensed that you'll be expected to remember. If I were you, I would stick to a paper notebook until I understood for myself what the environment is like.

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unildl

Hi, I hope this isn't the wrong place to ask this. I'm a college student about to start my internship. I've been thinking about getting something like the rocket book or an e-ink tablet, like the supernote or remarkable for school, and was wondering how often a notebook comes in handy in a professional environment before I decide, one, if I should purchase one now, or wait until my next semester after the summer, as well a if I should spend more money on the e-ink or less in the rocket book since I only have the one semester left. Any advice is appreciated! Sorry if this is the wrong place to ask.

I just use a paper notepad for scrawling down stuff during meetings. It depends on the job really.

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unj838

Watched a documentary there called American Factory where a huge corporation spy’s on its workers to see who’s in a union and find ways to fire those who support it. In school I was also taught that when the mafia was prevalent they were able to corrupt a number of unions. Do you feel any unions in the US are effective nowadays. Here in Ireland we really don’t have a strong union for any industry bar the Luas industry. Often what happens is a small minority in a union for one industry will feel not cared for and will form a new union and send conflicting messages and demands to the employers and government.

>Do you feel any unions in the US are effective nowadays. It's hit or miss. I've worked with union guys that worked hard and were extremely professional. I've also worked with union guys that were so drunk by lunch they couldn't walk and they still didn't get fired. >huge corporation spy’s on its workers to see who’s in a union There's no need to spy, it's pretty common knowledge whose in a union in at a business

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