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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Central Water Commission chairman, S. Masood Hussain will head the CWMA and chief engineer of the Central Water Commission, Navin Kumar will be the first chairman of the CWRC. While the CWMA is an umbrella body, the CWRC will monitor water management on a day - to - day basis, including the water level and inflow and outflow of reservoirs in all the basin states.", "title": "Kaveri River water dispute" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chewed Up is the third album released by comedian Louis C.K., containing the audio of his second one-hour special filmed at the Berklee Performance Center in Boston. Released to CD & DVD by Image Entertainment on December 16, 2008.", "title": "Chewed Up" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) is the largest municipal utility in the United States, serving over four million residents. It was founded in 1902 to supply water to residents and businesses in Los Angeles and surrounding communities. In 1917, it started to deliver electricity. It has been involved in a number of controversies and media portrayals over the years, including the 1928 St. Francis Dam failure and the books \"Water and Power\" and \"Cadillac Desert\".", "title": "Los Angeles Department of Water and Power" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Boston is surrounded by the \"Greater Boston\" region and is contiguously bordered by the cities and towns of Winthrop, Revere, Chelsea, Everett, Somerville, Cambridge, Watertown, Newton, Brookline, Needham, Dedham, Canton, Milton, and Quincy. The Charles River separates Boston from Watertown and the majority of Cambridge, and the mass of Boston from its own Charlestown neighborhood. To the east lie Boston Harbor and the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (which includes part of the city's territory, specifically Calf Island, Gallops Island, Great Brewster Island, Green Island, Little Brewster Island, Little Calf Island, Long Island, Lovells Island, Middle Brewster Island, Nixes Mate, Outer Brewster Island, Rainsford Island, Shag Rocks, Spectacle Island, The Graves, and Thompson Island). The Neponset River forms the boundary between Boston's southern neighborhoods and the city of Quincy and the town of Milton. The Mystic River separates Charlestown from Chelsea and Everett, and Chelsea Creek and Boston Harbor separate East Boston from Downtown, the North End, and the Seaport.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Norman, created between 1959 and 1964 as part of the construction of the Cowans Ford Dam by Duke Energy, is the largest man-made body of fresh water in North Carolina.", "title": "Lake Norman" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth, 96.5% of the planet's crust water is found in seas and oceans, 1.7% in groundwater, 1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large water bodies, 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and precipitation. Only 2.5% of this water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice (excepting ice in clouds) and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products. A greater quantity of water is found in the earth's interior.", "title": "Water" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clean Water Services is the water resources management utility for more than 600,000 residents in urban Washington County, Oregon and small portions of Multnomah County, Oregon and Clackamas County, Oregon, in the United States. Clean Water Services operates four wastewater treatment facilities, constructs and maintains flood management and water quality projects, and manages flow into the Tualatin River to improve water quality and protect fish habitat. They are headquartered in Hillsboro.", "title": "Clean Water Services" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "Lake Oesa" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Li Jiji (李繼岌) (d. May 28, 926), formally the Prince of Wei (魏王), nickname Hege (和哥), was an imperial prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Later Tang. He was Later Tang's founder Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (Li Cunxu)'s oldest son, and was commonly regarded at the time to be Emperor Zhuangzong's heir apparent. As such, he served as the titular commander of Later Tang's campaign to destroy its neighbor Former Shu, albeit with the major general Guo Chongtao in effective control. After Later Tang conquered Former Shu, however, under the command of his mother Empress Liu, Li Jiji killed Guo, leading to a chain reaction of mutinies that doomed Later Tang.", "title": "Li Jiji" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Butterfly Pond, also known as Aldrich Brook, is a body of water in the town of Lincoln, in Providence County, Rhode Island.", "title": "Butterfly Pond" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pootie Tang is a 2001 American comedy film written and directed by Louis C.K. Adapted from a comedy sketch that first appeared on \"The Chris Rock Show\", the character Pootie Tang is a satire of the stereotyped characters who appeared in old blaxploitation films. The title character's speech, which vaguely resembles pidgin, is mostly unintelligible to the audience, but the other characters in the film have no problem understanding him.", "title": "Pootie Tang" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"New Book of Tang\" asserts that shortly after 706, the country was split into Land Chenla and Water Chenla. The names signify a northern and a southern half, which may conveniently be referred to as Upper (northern) and Lower (southern) Chenla. By the late 8th century Water Chenla had become dependent on the thalassocratic Shailendra dynasty on Java and the Srivijaya city-state on Sumatra. The last of Water Chenla's kings seems to have been killed and the polity incorporated into the Javanese monarchy around the year 790. Land Chenla maintained its integrity under Jayavarman II, who proclaimed the Khmer Empire in 802.", "title": "Chenla" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saw Kill may refer to three different bodies of water in New York. Two are tributaries and make up watersheds on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. The northernmost of these is in the Town of Stuyvesant, New York in Columbia County and the southernmost of these is in the Town of Red Hook, New York in Dutchess County. The northern Saw Kill is more commonly known as Mill Creek today. The third tributary drains into Esopus Creek on the Hudson’s west bank. This article refers to the southern body of water on the east bank as Saw Kill (east) and the body of water on the west bank as Saw Kill (west).", "title": "Saw Kill" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shanghai Tang () is a Hong Kong luxury fashion house founded in 1994 by Hong Kong businessman David Tang. The brand is known for its luxury homeware collection, and its fine bone china is the finest type of porcelain with its superior whiteness, translucency and higher strength. In 1998, Richemont acquired David Tang's controlling stake in the business.", "title": "Shanghai Tang" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 2018, the Groenland Water Users' Association (a representative body for farmers in the Elgin and Grabouw agricultural areas around Cape Town) began releasing an additional 10 billion litres of water into the Steenbras Dam.", "title": "Cape Town water crisis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shaolin and Wu Tang is a 1983 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by and starring Gordon Liu. The film is about the rivalry between the martial arts schools Shaolin and Wu Tang. It is also called Shaolin Vs. Wu-Tang in the Master Killer Collection.", "title": "Shaolin and Wu Tang" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Intracellular fluid (2 / 3 of body water) is fluid contained within cells. In a 72 - kg body containing 40 litres of fluid, about 25 litres is intracellular, which amounts to 62.5%. Jackson's texts states 70% of body fluid is intracellular.", "title": "Body water" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term water retention (also known as fluid retention) or hydrops, hydropsy, edema, signifies an abnormal accumulation of clear, watery fluid in the tissues or cavities of the body.", "title": "Edema" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wu-Chronicles, Chapter 2 is a compilation album by Wu-Tang Clan, which features tracks produced and/or performed by Wu-Tang Clan solo artists and affiliates.", "title": "Wu-Chronicles, Chapter 2" } ]

[ { "answer": "Louis C.K.", "id": 550517, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Pootie Tang >> screenwriter", "raw_question": "Pootie Tang >> screenwriter", "statement": "Louis C.K. is the screenwriter of Pootie Tang, who lives by the Atlantic Ocean." }, { "answer": "Boston", "id": 725686, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Louis C.K. >> residence", "raw_question": "#1 >> residence", "statement": "Louis C.K. resides in Boston." }, { "answer": "Mystic River", "id": 131877, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Which is the body of water by Boston ?", "raw_question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?", "statement": "The Mystic River is the body of water by Boston." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "McFadden and Whitehead wrote many hits for Philadelphia International artists such as The O'Jays and Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, and had their own hit with \"Ain't No Stopping Us Now\" in 1979. Whitehead converted to Islam in 1996 and received an LL.D. from Bates College.", "title": "John Whitehead (singer)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Video Power is an American television series that aired in two different formats from 1990–1992 in syndication. Both formats revolved around video games, and actor Stivi Paskoski presided over both series playing video game master Johnny Arcade.", "title": "Video Power" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Games are played in four quarters of 10 (FIBA) or 12 minutes (NBA). College men's games use two 20 - minute halves, college women's games use 10 - minute quarters, and United States high school varsity games use 8 minute quarters. 15 minutes are allowed for a half - time break under FIBA, NBA, and NCAA rules and 10 minutes in United States high schools. Overtime periods are five minutes in length except for high school, which is four minutes in length. Teams exchange baskets for the second half. The time allowed is actual playing time; the clock is stopped while the play is not active. Therefore, games generally take much longer to complete than the allotted game time, typically about two hours.", "title": "Basketball" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This Ain't a Game is the second studio album by R&B artist, Ray J. The album was released on June 19, 2001 under Atlantic Records.", "title": "This Ain't a Game" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Why Me ''Single by Kris Kristofferson from the album Jesus Was a Capricorn B - side`` Help Me'' Released April 1973 Format 7 ''Recorded July 8, 1972 Genre Country gospel Length 3: 26 Label Monument Records 31909 Songwriter (s) Kris Kristofferson Producer (s) Fred Foster Kris Kristofferson singles chronology ``Jesse Younger'' (1972)`` Why Me ''(1973) ``A Song I'd Like to Sing'' (1973)`` Jesse Younger ''(1972) ``Why Me'' (1973)`` A Song I'd Like to Sing ''(1973)", "title": "Why Me (Kris Kristofferson song)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the annexation of Hawaii in 1898 and the seizure of Guam and the Philippines during the Spanish -- American War that same year, the United States began to consider unclaimed and uninhabited Wake Island, located approximately halfway between Honolulu and Manila, as a good location for a telegraph cable station and coaling station for refueling warships of the rapidly expanding United States Navy and passing merchant and passenger steamships. On July 4, 1898, United States Army Brigadier General Francis V. Greene of the 2nd Brigade, Philippine Expeditionary Force, of the Eighth Army Corps, stopped at Wake Island and raised the American flag while en route to the Philippines on the steamship liner SS China.", "title": "Wake Island" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Tit for Tat (Ain't No Taking Back)\" is a Christmas song recorded by James Brown. Released as a single in 1968, it charted #86 Pop.", "title": "Tit for Tat (Ain't No Taking Back)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Collegiate and professional football games are 60 minutes long, divided into four quarters of 15 minutes each. In high school football, 12 minute quarters are usually played. The clock is stopped frequently, however, so that a typical college or professional game can exceed three hours in duration. The referee controls the game clock and stops the clock after any incomplete pass or any play that ends out of bounds. In addition, each team is allowed 3 timeouts in each half that they may use at their own discretion.", "title": "American football rules" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ümit Besen (born 14 October 1956) represents the darker side of Tarabya school of electronic music. He started his professional career with playing keyboards and singing with his band at the local clubs in Adana, Southern Turkey. While he was in the army for his obligatory service a brigadier-general (Brigadier in Commonwealth armies) liked his style and appointed him with the task of singing at the officers tavern.", "title": "Ümit Besen" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Sing for the Moment ''contains samples of the song`` Dream On'' by the rock band Aerosmith. Joe Perry plays the guitar solo at the end of the song, and a sample of Steven Tyler singing is used as the chorus for this song. Eminem chants ``sing ''when Tyler starts to sing the chorus, and Eminem also chants`` sing with me'' and ``come on ''. Eminem says the words in his live performances as well. The beginning of the song samples the intro of`` Dream On''. ``Sing for the Moment ''was later released on Eminem's greatest hits compilation album Curtain Call: The Hits (2005).", "title": "Sing for the Moment" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Glamorous Life\" is a song written by Prince, recorded by singer/percussionist Sheila E. and produced by both. The song has lyrics which reflect a cynicism for the decadence and materialism of the song's protagonist, referred to in the third person, who \"wants to lead a glamorous life\", although she is aware that \"without love, it ain't much\".", "title": "The Glamorous Life" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Ai n't No Stoppin 'Us Now ''is a 1979 disco song performed by R&B duo McFadden & Whitehead, from their debut album McFadden & Whitehead. They wrote and produced the song along with keyboard player Jerry Cohen. Released as the lead single from the album, the song spent a week at number one on the R&B singles chart. It also proved to be a successful crossover hit, peaking at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100, and reached number 5 in the UK. The single also made it to number 10 on the disco charts. It eventually went double platinum, selling over 2 million copies.", "title": "Ain't No Stoppin' Us Now" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "All games contested in Philadelphia through 1935 were played at Franklin Field, the home field of the University of Pennsylvania. From 1936 through 1979, all games contested in Philadelphia were held in Municipal Stadium, renamed John F. Kennedy Stadium in 1964. From 1980 - 2001, all games contested in Philadelphia were hosted by Veterans Stadium. Since 2003, all games contested in Philadelphia have been played in Lincoln Financial Field.", "title": "Army–Navy Game" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Frederick Funston\" (APA-89) was a that served with the US Navy during World War II. Before serving as a Navy APA, she had been the US Army transport USAT \"Frederick Funston\". After World War II, she was returned to the Army and operated as USAT \"Frederick Funston\". \"Funston\" was among the seventy-two ships transferred to the Navy's Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) in the 1 March 1950 group and placed in service as USNS \"Frederick Funston\" (T-AP-178).", "title": "USS Frederick Funston (APA-89)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Ain't No Quitter\" is a song by the Canadian singer Shania Twain. It was the third and final single released from her 2004 \"Greatest Hits\" album. The song was written by Twain and her then-husband, Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange. \"I Ain't No Quitter\" was originally released to country radio on May 2, 2005. The commercial singles in Europe were released on July 12, 2005. With no promotion by Twain and little by the record label, \"I Ain't No Quitter\" is one of Twain's lowest peaking singles.", "title": "I Ain't No Quitter" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Stop Draggin 'My Heart Around ''was the first single from Stevie Nicks' debut solo album, Bella Donna (1981). The track is the album's only song that was neither written nor co-written by Nicks. Written by Tom Petty and Mike Campbell as a Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers song, Jimmy Iovine, who was also working for Stevie Nicks at the time, arranged for her to sing on it. Petty sang with Nicks in the chorus and bridge, while his entire band (save Ron Blair, whose bass track was played by Donald`` Duck'' Dunn instead) played on the song.", "title": "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Ain't Nobody Better\" is a song by American house/techno group Inner City. The single was the third consecutive number one on the dance charts. The single also made it into the top ten on the UK singles chart. However, \"Ain't Nobody Better\" failed to place on the soul singles chart and on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart.", "title": "Ain't Nobody Better" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although an important role in the Mississippi River campaign was played by armored paddle steamers, the campaign was a Union Army undertaking, as the ships used were under Army command and were used as army transports and floating gun stations rather than independent battleships. Most of their boats were either converted paddle steamers or purpose-built gunboats that had never seen the sea. Because of this, the Mississippi River Squadron quickly became known as the Brown-water navy. This was a reference to the brown, muddy water of the Mississippi, as compared to the deep blue commonly associated with the sea. The only exception was at the Siege of Vicksburg where the army, marching downstream met up with the Union Navy under Rear Admiral David Farragut sailing upstream and the two combined their forces for an all-out land-and-sea shelling of the town.", "title": "Mississippi River campaigns" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Army Navy Match Part of the Inter-Services Competition Twickenham Stadium ARU RNRU Locale London Teams ARU RNRU First meeting 13 February 1878 (Annually since 6 March 1909) Latest meeting 5 May 2018 Army 22 - 14 Stadiums Twickenham Stadium Trophy The Babcock Trophy Statistics All - time series Army 62, Navy 35, Draws 4 (1939, 1969 1980 and 2016) Largest victory Army, 50 -- 7 (2009) Smallest victory Navy 11 -- 10 (1921), Navy 9 -- 8 (1948), Navy 17 -- 16 (1978), Army 10 -- 9 (1983) The above statistics do not include the matches before the first official match in 1907. 1907 was the first official Army Navy match played after the formation of the Army RUgby Union in 1906. The Royal Navy Rugby Union did not form until the 1907 / 08 season. Other information Current sponsor Babcock International", "title": "Army Navy Match" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Take Me Out to the Ball Game\" is a 1908 Tin Pan Alley song by Jack Norworth and Albert Von Tilzer which has become the unofficial anthem of North American baseball, although neither of its authors had attended a game prior to writing the song. The song's chorus is traditionally sung during the middle of the seventh inning of a baseball game. Fans are generally encouraged to sing along, and at some ballparks, the words \"home team\" are replaced with the team name.", "title": "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" } ]

[ { "answer": "McFadden & Whitehead", "id": 52717, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "who sings the song ain't no stopping us now", "raw_question": "who sings the song ain't no stopping us now", "statement": "McFadden & Whitehead sing the song \"Ain't No Stoppin' Us Now\"." }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "id": 597383, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "McFadden & Whitehead >> location of formation", "raw_question": "#1 >> location of formation", "statement": "The stadium where the army-navy game is played in Philadelphia." }, { "answer": "Lincoln Financial Field", "id": 59330, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "where is the army navy game played in Philadelphia", "raw_question": "where is the army navy game played in #2", "statement": "The Army-Navy game is played at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The West Branch of the Warner River is a river located in central New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Warner River, part of the Contoocook River (and ultimately Merrimack River) watershed.", "title": "West Branch Warner River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Meramec River (/ ˈmɛrɪmæk /) is one of the longest free - flowing waterways in Missouri, draining 3,980 square miles (10,300 km) while wandering 218 miles (351 km) from headwaters near Salem to where it empties into the Mississippi River near St. Louis at Arnold and Oakville. The Meramec watershed covers six Missouri Ozark Highland counties -- Dent, Phelps, Crawford, Franklin, Jefferson, and St. Louis -- and portions of eight others -- Maries, Gasconade, Iron, Washington, Reynolds, St. Francois, Ste. Genevieve, and Texas. Between its source and its mouth, it falls 1,025 feet (312 m). Year - round navigability begins above Maramec Spring, just south of St. James. The Meramec's size increases at the confluence of the Dry Fork, and its navigability continues until the river enters the Mississippi at Arnold, Missouri.", "title": "Meramec River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Great Britain or Team GB is the team that sends athletes from the United Kingdom (UK), all but three of its overseas territories, and the three Crown dependencies, to the Olympic Games. It has sent athletes to every Summer and Winter Games, along with France and Switzerland, since the start of the Olympics' modern era in 1896, including the 1980 Summer Olympics and 1984 Summer Olympics, which were boycotted by a number of other nations on each occasion. From 1896 to 2016 inclusive, Great Britain has won 847 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, and another 31 at the Winter Olympic Games. It is the only national team to have won at least one Gold Medal at every Summer Games, and lies third globally in the winning of both Gold Medals and total medals, surpassed only by the United States and the former Soviet Union.", "title": "Great Britain at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "August Henry Rodenberg (July 25, 1873 – April 12, 1933) was an American tug of war athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "August Rodenberg" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North Branch of the Contoocook River is a river located in southwestern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Contoocook River, part of the Merrimack River watershed.", "title": "North Branch Contoocook River" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States from August 29 until September 3, 1904, as part of an extended sports program lasting from July 1 to November 23, 1904, at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. It was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.", "title": "1904 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She participated in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where she swam in the 400m and 800m freestyle, as well as the 400m medley. She attended Rice University on an athletic scholarship.", "title": "Adi Bichman" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johannes Runge (January 24, 1878 in Braunschweig – November 12, 1949 in Bad Harzburg) was a German track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics and in the 1906 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Johannes Runge" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He competed for the United States in the 1904 Summer Olympics held in St Louis, United States in the 800 metres where he won the silver medal and in the 1500 metres event where he finished seventh. He also competed for the New York Athletic Club team in the 4 mile team race against Chicago AA with teammates Arthur Newton, George Underwood, Paul Pilgrim and David Munson. They won the race and the gold medal.", "title": "Howard Valentine" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thaddeus \"Thad\" Rutter Shideler (October 17, 1883 – June 22, 1966) was an American hurdler who competed in the early twentieth century. He competed in athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics and won a silver medal in the 110 meters hurdles. Fred Schule won the gold medal.", "title": "Thaddeus Shideler" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glenn Graham (January 17, 1904 – July 1986) was an American athlete who competed in the men's pole vault. He competed in Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris and won silver, behind fellow American pole vaulter Lee Barnes who won gold.", "title": "Glen Graham" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Alexander Duha (February 16, 1875 – January 21, 1940) was an American gymnast and track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "John Duha" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis Grenville \"Lou\" Abell (July 21, 1884 – October 25, 1962) was an American rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics and in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, which was also the location of his death.", "title": "Louis Abell" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fowler River is a river located in central New Hampshire in the United States. It is an inflow to Newfound Lake, part of the Pemigewasset River and therefore Merrimack River watersheds. Below Bog Brook, the Fowler River is subject to the New Hampshire Comprehensive Shoreland Protection Act.", "title": "Fowler River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Washington University in St. Louis (WashU, or WUSTL) is a private research university in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries. As of 2017, 24 Nobel laureates in economics, physiology and medicine, chemistry, and physics have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university.Washington University is made up of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a broad range of academic fields. To prevent confusion over its location, the Board of Trustees added the phrase \"in St. Louis\" in 1976.", "title": "Washington University in St. Louis" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Leon \"Tug\" Wilson (March 27, 1896 – February 2, 1979) was an American track and field athlete and amateur athletics administrator. He competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics, finishing tenth in the discus throw competition. Wilson served as the second commissioner of the Big Ten Conference, from 1945 to 1961, and as the president of the United States Olympic Committee from 1953 to 1965.", "title": "Kenneth L. Wilson" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry Alexander Brawley (December 29, 1880 – March 1963) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Henry Brawley" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philip Mat Schuster (January 24, 1883 – October 31, 1926) was an American gymnast and track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Philip Schuster" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amesbury is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, located on the left bank of the Merrimack River near its mouth, upstream from Salisbury and across the river from Newburyport and West Newbury. The population was 16,283 at the 2010 census. A former farming and mill town, Amesbury is today largely residential. It is one of the two northernmost towns in Massachusetts (the other being neighboring Salisbury).", "title": "Amesbury, Massachusetts" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Athletes with disabilities did compete in the Olympic Games prior to the advent of the Paralympics. The first athlete to do so was German American gymnast George Eyser in 1904, who had one artificial leg. Hungarian Karoly Takacs competed in shooting events in both the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics. He was a right-arm amputee and could shoot left-handed. Another disabled athlete to appear in the Olympics prior to the Paralympic Games was Lis Hartel, a Danish equestrian athlete who had contracted polio in 1943 and won a silver medal in the dressage event.The first organized athletic day for disabled athletes that coincided with the Olympic Games took place on the day of the opening of the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. Jewish-German born Dr. Ludwig Guttmann of Stoke Mandeville Hospital, who had been helped to flee Nazi Germany by the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics (CARA) in 1939, hosted a sports competition for British World War II veteran patients with spinal cord injuries. The first games were called the 1948 International Wheelchair Games, and were intended to coincide with the 1948 Olympics. Dr. Guttman's aim was to create an elite sports competition for people with disabilities that would be equivalent to the Olympic Games. The games were held again at the same location in 1952, and Dutch and Israeli veterans took part alongside the British, making it the first international competition of its own kind. These early competitions, also known as the Stoke Mandeville Games, have been described as the precursors of the Paralympic Games.", "title": "Paralympic Games" } ]

[ { "answer": "St Louis", "id": 475407, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "The 1904 Summer Olympics were located in the administrative territorial entity of St Louis." }, { "answer": "Missouri", "id": 159891, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Where is Washington University in St Louis located?", "raw_question": "Where is Washington University in #1 located?", "statement": "Washington University in St. Louis is located in Missouri." }, { "answer": "near Salem", "id": 65406, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "where does the merrimack river start in Missouri", "raw_question": "where does the merrimack river start in #2", "statement": "The Merrimack River starts near Salem." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa (6 countries): Botswana (1), Egypt (44 +), Nigeria (3), Somalia (14 (Puntland 1, Somaliland 6, Federal Government of Somalia 7)), South Sudan (unknown number), Sudan (3) Americas (1 country): USA (20) Asia - Pacific (15 countries): Afghanistan (6), Bangladesh (10), China (unknown number), Indonesia (4), Iran (567 +), Iraq (88 +), Japan (3), Malaysia (9), North Korea (unknown number), Pakistan (87 +), State of Palestine (3 (Hamas authorities, Gaza)), Saudi Arabia (154 +), Singapore (4), Taiwan (1), Vietnam (unknown number) Europe (1 country): Belarus (4 +)", "title": "Capital punishment by country" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Byzantine is a heavy metal band from Charleston, West Virginia, that was formed in 2000. As of March 2016, the band consists of front-man and co-founder Chris \"OJ\" Ojeda (rhythm guitar and vocals), Brian Henderson (guitar), Matt Bowles (drums) and Sean Sydnor (bass guitar). The band has released three studio albums on Prosthetic Records along with two independent albums. Byzantine is known for its unique sound and modern, \"forward thinking\" musical style which explores different musical territories and song structures.", "title": "Byzantine (band)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sudanese Arabic is the variety of Arabic spoken throughout Sudan. Some of the tribes in Sudan still have similar accents to the ones in Saudi Arabia.", "title": "Sudanese Arabic" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ahmed Mater (born 1979, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia) is a Saudi artist and physician. His mediums are photography, calligraphy, painting, installation, performance and video. His work, which explores history, the narratives and aesthetics of Islamic culture, and addresses consumerism and transformation taking place in the region and its effects on geopolitics, has attracted an international audience. In 2003, he cofounded \"Edge of Arabia\", an independent arts initiative dedicated to promoting the appreciation of contemporary Arab art and culture, with a focus on Saudi Arabia.", "title": "Ahmed Mater" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517) and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa and Europe.The area of modern-day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of mainly four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been a totalitarian absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamist lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called \"the predominant feature of Saudi culture\", with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called \"the Land of the Two Holy Mosques\" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. The state's official language is Arabic.", "title": "Saudi Arabia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing settlements, such as the Wargaade Wall.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"All I Ever Needed\" is the first single released from Bret Michaels third studio album, \"Freedom of Sound\". The song is a duet with country music singer Jessica Andrews. It was released on October 9, 2004, where it debuted at #57 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart.", "title": "All I Ever Needed" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bir Hima (Arabic: بئر حما) is a rock art site in Najran province, in southwest Saudi Arabia, about north of the city of Najran. An ancient Palaeolithic and Neolithic site, the Bir Hima Complex covers the time period of 2500–1000 BC. Bir Hima contains numerous troughs whose type is similar from North Arabia to Yemen.", "title": "Bir Hima Rock Petroglyphs and Inscriptions" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 16 China stated it had also received $457 million in donated money and goods for rescue efforts so far, including $83 million from 19 countries and four international organizations. Saudi Arabia was the largest aid donor to China, providing close to €40,000,000 in financial assistance, and an additional €8,000,000 worth of relief materials.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An in-depth study of MP3 audio quality, sound artist and composer Ryan Maguire's project \"The Ghost in the MP3\" isolates the sounds lost during MP3 compression. In 2015, he released the track \"moDernisT\" (an anagram of \"Tom's Diner\"), composed exclusively from the sounds deleted during MP3 compression of the song \"Tom's Diner\", the track originally used in the formulation of the MP3 standard. A detailed account of the techniques used to isolate the sounds deleted during MP3 compression, along with the conceptual motivation for the project, was published in the 2014 Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference.", "title": "MP3" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``How He Loves ''is a song by independent artist John Mark McMillan for his second studio album, The Song Inside the Sounds of Breaking Down. The song was successful despite the album's independent release, and has been covered by several well - known artists within the Christian music industry (David Crowder Band, Kim Walker, Todd Agnew, New Breed, Flyleaf, The Glorious Unseen) and Anthony Evans from the popular singing TV Show: The Voice. It has also been covered in Spanish by Christine D'Clario and Seth Condrey.", "title": "How He Loves" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Najran (Arabic: نجران‎ Najrān) is a region of Saudi Arabia, located in the south of the country along the border with Yemen. It has an area of 149,511 km². Its capital is Najran.", "title": "Najran Region" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1951, the Conservative Party returned to power in Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill. Churchill and the Conservatives believed that Britain's position as a world power relied on the continued existence of the empire, with the base at the Suez Canal allowing Britain to maintain its pre-eminent position in the Middle East in spite of the loss of India. However, Churchill could not ignore Gamal Abdul Nasser's new revolutionary government of Egypt that had taken power in 1952, and the following year it was agreed that British troops would withdraw from the Suez Canal zone and that Sudan would be granted self-determination by 1955, with independence to follow. Sudan was granted independence on 1 January 1956.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horseed FC is a Somali football club based in Horseed, Somalia. It is seven times champion of the Somalia League. A team of the Armed Forces of Somalia, Horseed SC was among the most formidable and recognized football clubs in the country. After the civil war broke out, it discontinued operations, but has been revived in 2013 by Gen Dahir Aden elmi Commander of the Somalia Armed Forces. Gen Elmi revived all the different teams of Horseed Sports Club with emphasis on the Football Team which again began to compete in the Somalia Serie A league.", "title": "Horseed FC" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.", "title": "Saudi Arabia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Mean ''is a song written and recorded by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift for her third studio album, Speak Now (2010). Produced by Swift alongside Nathan Chapman, the song was sent to country radio in the United States on March 13, 2011, as the third single from Speak Now.`` Mean'' garnered positive reviews from critics for its lyrical detail and profound country sound. The song received commercial success in the United States and Canada, debuting at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number ten on the Canadian Hot 100. The song also appeared on the Australian Singles Chart at number 45.", "title": "Mean (song)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dera is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Gondar Zone, Dera is bordered on the south by the Abbay River which separates it from the Mirab Gojjam Zone, on the west by Lake Tana, on the north by Fogera, on the northeast by Misraq Este, and on the east by Mirab Este. Towns in Dera include Amba Same, Arb Gebeya, Hamusit, and Qorata.", "title": "Dera, Amhara (woreda)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``John Cougar, John Deere, John 3: 16 ''is a song written by Shane McAnally, Ross Copperman, and Josh Osborne and recorded by New Zealand - born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 9 June 2015 as the lead single to Urban's eighth American studio album, Ripcord. The song has a slow 1970s funk vibe that carries distinct drum loops and several time changes, with production from Urban and longtime co-producer Dann Huff. The song received positive reviews from critics who praised the production, lyrics, and Urban's return to traditional country with a new sound.", "title": "John Cougar, John Deere, John 3:16" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In many ways, the Dammam Area has evolved as the link between Saudi Arabia and the outside world, exporting the Kingdom's products and importing its needs and thriving on the interaction between Saudi Arabia and other countries.", "title": "Dammam" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Somalis have a rich musical heritage centered on traditional Somali folklore. Most Somali songs are pentatonic. That is, they only use five pitches per octave in contrast to a heptatonic (seven note) scale, such as the major scale. At first listen, Somali music might be mistaken for the sounds of nearby regions such as Ethiopia, Sudan or Arabia, but it is ultimately recognizable by its own unique tunes and styles. Somali songs are usually the product of collaboration between lyricists (midho), songwriters (lahan) and singers ('odka or \"voice\").", "title": "Somalis" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ethiopia", "id": 684351, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Dera >> country", "raw_question": "Dera >> country", "statement": "Ethiopia is the country having Dera." }, { "answer": "Sudan", "id": 10446, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Along with Arabia and Ethiopia , what land has songs that sound similar to those of Somalia?", "raw_question": "Along with Arabia and #1 , what land has songs that sound similar to those of Somalia?", "statement": "Along with Arabia and Ethiopia, Sudan has songs that sound similar to those of Somalia." }, { "answer": "1 January 1956", "id": 20649, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "When did Sudan receive independence?", "raw_question": "When did #2 receive independence?", "statement": "Sudan received independence on 1 January 1956." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smržovka () is a town in the Liberec Region, Czech Republic. Name Smržovka was given to town by overgrown mountain forest, where there was a large amount of morels (, ).", "title": "Smržovka" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as \"A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols. Founded by Kublai Khan, who adopted the Chinese dynastic name of Yüan in 1271.\" The Encyclopedia Americana describes the Yuan dynasty as \"the line of Mongol rulers in China\" and adds that the Mongols \"proclaimed a Chinese-style Yüan dynasty at Khanbaliq (Beijing).\" The Metropolitan Museum of Art writes that the Mongol rulers of the Yuan dynasty \"adopted Chinese political and cultural models; ruling from their capitals in Dadu, they assumed the role of Chinese emperors,\" although Tibetologist Thomas Laird dismissed the Yuan dynasty as a non-Chinese polity and plays down its Chinese characteristics. The Metropolitan Museum of Art also noted that in spite of the gradual assimilation of Yuan monarchs, the Mongol rulers largely ignored the literati and imposed harsh policies discriminating against southern Chinese. In his Kublai Khan: His Life and Times, Rossabi explains that Kublai \"created government institutions that either resembled or were the same as the traditional Chinese ones\", and he \"wished to signal to the Chinese that he intended to adopt the trappings and style of a Chinese ruler\".", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ganges - Brahmaputra Delta (also known as the Brahmaputra Delta, the Sunderbans Delta or the Bengal Delta) is a river delta in the Bengal region of the South Asia, consisting of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the world's largest delta and empties into the Bay of Bengal. It is also one of the most fertile regions in the world, thus earning the nickname The Green Delta. The delta stretches from the Hooghly River on the west to the Meghna River on the east. It is approximately 354 km (220 mi) across at the Bay of Bengal. Kolkata in India and Mongla in Bangladesh are the principal seaports of the delta.", "title": "Ganges Delta" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the Yuan dynasty crumbling, competing rebel groups began fighting for control of the country and thus the right to establish a new dynasty. In 1363, Zhu Yuanzhang eliminated his archrival and leader of the rebel Han faction, Chen Youliang, in the Battle of Lake Poyang, arguably the largest naval battle in history. Known for its ambitious use of fire ships, Zhu's force of 200,000 Ming sailors were able to defeat a Han rebel force over triple their size, claimed to be 650,000 - strong. The victory destroyed the last opposing rebel faction, leaving Zhu Yuanzhang in uncontested control of the bountiful Yangtze River Valley and cementing his power in the south. After the dynastic head of the Red Turbans suspiciously died in 1367 while a guest of Zhu, there was no one left who was remotely capable of contesting his march to the throne, and he made his imperial ambitions known by sending an army toward the Yuan capital Dadu (present - day Beijing) in 1368. The last Yuan emperor fled north to the upper capital Shangdu, and Zhu declared the founding of the Ming dynasty after razing the Yuan palaces in Dadu to the ground; the city was renamed Beiping in the same year. Zhu Yuanzhang took Hongwu, or ``Vastly Martial '', as his era name.", "title": "Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, favored Buddhism, especially the Tibetan variants. As a result, Tibetan Buddhism was established as the de facto state religion. The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (Xuanzheng Yuan) was set up in Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) to supervise Buddhist monks throughout the empire. Since Kublai Khan only esteemed the Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism, other religions became less important. He and his successors kept a Sakya Imperial Preceptor (Dishi) at court. Before the end of the Yuan dynasty, 14 leaders of the Sakya sect had held the post of Imperial Preceptor, thereby enjoying special power. Furthermore, Mongol patronage of Buddhism resulted in a number of monuments of Buddhist art. Mongolian Buddhist translations, almost all from Tibetan originals, began on a large scale after 1300. Many Mongols of the upper class such as the Jalayir and the Oronar nobles as well as the emperors also patronized Confucian scholars and institutions. A considerable number of Confucian and Chinese historical works were translated into the Mongolian language.", "title": "Yuan dynasty" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital. However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange for the abdication of Puyi, the Last Emperor. Yuan demanded the capital be Beijing (closer to his power base).", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.", "title": "Geography of Myanmar" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander Pourteau, (born October 30, 1969) is an American professional wrestler best known for his stint with the World Wrestling Federation as Alex \"The Pug\" Pourteau between 1996 and 1997.", "title": "Alex Pourteau" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indus–Ganga plains, also known as the \"Great Plains\", are large floodplains of the Indus, Ganga and the Brahmaputra river systems. They run parallel to the Himalaya mountains, from Jammu and Kashmir and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west to Assam in the east and draining most of Northern and Eastern India. The plains encompass an area of 700,000 km2 (270,000 sq mi) and vary in width through their length by several hundred kilometres. The major rivers of this system are the Ganga and the Indus along with their tributaries; Beas, Yamuna, Gomti, Ravi, Chambal, Sutlej and Chenab.", "title": "Indo-Gangetic Plain" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A decimal (also spelled decimel) is a unit of area in India and Bangladesh approximately equal to 1 / 100 acre (40.46 m2). After metrication in the mid-20th century by both countries, the unit became officially obsolete. Especially among the rural population in Northern Bangladesh and West Bengal, it is still in use. 1 decimal in Bihar equals to 435 sq feet.", "title": "Decimal (unit)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, is a species of flowering plant in the sumac and poison ivy family Anacardiaceae. It is found in the wild in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan where it is indigenous and cultivated varieties have been introduced to other warm regions of the world. It is a large fruit - tree, capable of a growing to a height and crown width of about 100 feet and trunk circumference of more than twelve feet.", "title": "Mangifera indica" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bangladesh -- India border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between Bangladesh and India that demarcates the eight divisions of Bangladesh and the Indian states.", "title": "Bangladesh–India border" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations. The balance of payments identity requires that a country (such as the U.S.) running a current account deficit also have a capital account (investment) surplus of the same amount. Hence large and growing amounts of foreign funds (capital) flowed into the U.S. to finance its imports.", "title": "Tanzania" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to a 2007 BSA and International Data Corporation (IDC) study, the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy were: 1. Armenia (93%); 2. Bangladesh (92%); 3. Azerbaijan (92%); 4. Moldova (92%); and 5. Zimbabwe (91%). According to the study's results, the five countries with the lowest piracy rates were: 1. U.S. (20%); 2. Luxembourg (21%); 3. New Zealand (22%); 4. Japan (23%); and 5. Austria (25%). The 2007 report showed that the Asia-Pacific region was associated with the highest amount of loss, in terms of U.S. dollars, with $14,090,000, followed by the European Union, with a loss of $12,383,000; the lowest amount of U.S. dollars was lost in the Middle East/Africa region, where $2,446,000 was documented.", "title": "Copyright infringement" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kāmarūpa (/ ˈkɑːməˌruːpə /; also called Pragjyotisha), was a power during the Classical period on the Indian subcontinent; and along with Davaka, the first historical kingdom of Assam. Though Kamarupa existed from 350 CE to 1140 CE, Davaka was absorbed by Kamarupa in the 5th century CE. Ruled by three dynasties from their capitals in present - day Guwahati, North Guwahati and Tezpur, Kamarupa at its height covered the entire Brahmaputra Valley, North Bengal, Bhutan and northern part of Bangladesh, and at times portions of West Bengal and Bihar.", "title": "Kamarupa" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tornadoes have been recorded on all continents except Antarctica and are most common in the middle latitudes where conditions are often favorable for convective storm development. The United States has the most tornadoes of any country, as well as the strongest and most violent tornadoes. A large portion of these tornadoes form in an area of the central United States popularly known as Tornado Alley. Other areas of the world that have frequent tornadoes include significant portions of Europe, South Africa, Philippines, Bangladesh, parts of Argentina, Uruguay, and southern and southeast Brazil, northern Mexico, New Zealand, and far eastern Asia.", "title": "Tornado climatology" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2012, roughly 1,250 ocean ships were broken down, and their average age was 26 years. In 2013, the world total of demolished ships amounted to 29,052,000 tonnes, 92% of which were demolished in Asia. India, Bangladesh, China and Pakistan have the highest market share and are global centres of ship breaking, with Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard in Bangladesh, Alang in India and Gadani in Pakistan being the largest ships' graveyards in the world. The largest sources of ships are states of China, Greece and Germany respectively, although there is a greater variation in the source of carriers versus their disposal. The ship breaking yards of India, Bangladesh, China and Pakistan employ 100,000 workers as well as providing a large amount of indirect jobs. In Bangladesh, the recycled steel covers 20% of the country's needs and in India it is almost 10%.", "title": "Ship breaking" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart. In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family.", "title": "Pug" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The late Turrell V. Wylie, a former professor of the University of Washington, and Li Tieh-tseng argue that the reliability of the heavily censored History of Ming as a credible source on Sino-Tibetan relations is questionable, in the light of modern scholarship. Other historians also assert that these Ming titles were nominal and did not actually confer the authority that the earlier Yuan titles had. Van Praag writes that the \"numerous economically motivated Tibetan missions to the Ming Court are referred to as 'tributary missions' in the Ming Shih.\" Van Praag writes that these \"tributary missions\" were simply prompted by China's need for horses from Tibet, since a viable horse market in Mongol lands was closed as a result of incessant conflict. Morris Rossabi also writes that \"Tibet, which had extensive contacts with China during the Yuan, scarcely had diplomatic relations with the Ming.\"", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Brahmaputra (/ ˌbrɑːməˈpuːtrə / is one of the major rivers of Asia, a trans - boundary river which flows through China, India and Bangladesh. As such, it is known by various names in the region: Assamese: ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদ ('নদ' nôd, masculine form of 'নদী' nôdi ``river '') Brôhmôputrô (bɹɔɦmɔputɹɔ); Sanskrit: ब्रह्मपुत्र, IAST: Brahmaputra; Tibetan: ཡར ་ ཀླུངས ་ གཙང ་ པོ ་, Wylie: yar klung gtsang po Yarlung Tsangpo; simplified Chinese: 布拉马普特拉河; traditional Chinese: 布拉馬普特拉河; pinyin: Bùlāmǎpǔtèlā Hé. It is also called Tsangpo - Brahmaputra (when referring to the whole river including the stretch within Tibet). The Manas River, which runs through Bhutan, joins it at Jogighopa, in India. It is the ninth largest river in the world by discharge, and the 15th longest.", "title": "Brahmaputra River" } ]

[ { "answer": "China", "id": 107322, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Which was the country for Pug?", "raw_question": "Which was the country for Pug?", "statement": "Pugs come from China." }, { "answer": "Tibet", "id": 799, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Who had a large amount of contacts with China during Yuan?", "raw_question": "Who had a large amount of contacts with #1 during Yuan?", "statement": "Tibet had a large amount of contacts with China during the Yuan." }, { "answer": "Tsangpo - Brahmaputra", "id": 85088, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "by what name is the brahmaputra known in Tibet and bangladesh", "raw_question": "by what name is the brahmaputra known in #2 and bangladesh", "statement": "The Brahmaputra is known as the Tsangpo in Tibet and Bangladesh." } ]

[ "Brahmaputra River" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous.", "title": "Negaunee Township, Michigan" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Harrison Township is one of 11 townships in Howard County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 9,489 and it contained 4,169 housing units.", "title": "Harrison Township, Howard County, Indiana" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1846 the Imperial administration of the Caucasus was reorganized and the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate was abolished, with its territory forming the new governorates of Tiflis and Kutais.", "title": "Georgia-Imeretia Governorate" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya, administrative town Bani Walid. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District.", "title": "Bani Walid District" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Howard County is a county located in the US state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,566. The county seat is Cresco. The county was founded in 1851; it was named for General Tilghman Ashurst Howard, a Representative of Indiana.", "title": "Howard County, Iowa" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Permit To Acquire (PTA), obtained from the sheriff of the county of the applicant's residence, is required when purchasing or otherwise acquiring a handgun, either from a dealer or from a private party. A Permit To Acquire shall be issued to qualified applicants aged 21 or older. The PTA becomes valid three days after the date of application, and is valid for one year. A PTA is not required when purchasing an antique handgun, defined as one made in or before 1898 and including post-1898 replicas of matchlock, flintlock, or percussion cap pistols.", "title": "Gun laws in Iowa" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" } ]

[ { "answer": "Howard County", "id": 342226, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Harrison Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Harrison Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Howard County is the administrative territorial entity where Harrison Township is located." }, { "answer": "Iowa", "id": 725273, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Howard County >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Note: Harrison Township is not mentioned in the sub-question, but it's mentioned in the comp-ques. Since Howard County is mentioned in the sub-question, I'll assume it's related to the comp-ques.\n\nIowa is the administrative territorial entity where Howard County is located." }, { "answer": "21 or older.", "id": 69489, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "how old do you have to be to buy a handgun in Iowa", "raw_question": "how old do you have to be to buy a handgun in #2", "statement": "You have to be 21 or older to buy a handgun in Iowa." } ]

[ "Gun laws in Iowa" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brexit (/ ˈbrɛksɪt, ˈbrɛɡzɪt /) is the impending withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU). In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU; the turnout was 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union. The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 declares ``exit day ''to be 29 March 2019 at 11 pm UTC.", "title": "Brexit" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The President of the European Council is the person presiding over and driving forward the work of the European Council, as well as a principal representative of the European Union (EU) on the world stage. This institution comprises the college of heads of state or government of EU member states as well as the President of the European Commission, and provides political direction to the European Union (EU).", "title": "President of the European Council" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1999, Estonia experienced its worst year economically since it regained independence in 1991, largely because of the impact of the 1998 Russian financial crisis.[citation needed] Estonia joined the WTO in November 1999. With assistance from the European Union, the World Bank and the Nordic Investment Bank, Estonia completed most of its preparations for European Union membership by the end of 2002 and now has one of the strongest economies of the new member states of the European Union.[citation needed] Estonia joined the OECD in 2010.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a member of the European Union, Estonia is considered a high-income economy by the World Bank. The GDP (PPP) per capita of the country, a good indicator of wealth, was in 2015 $28,781 according to the IMF, between that of Slovak Republic and Lithuania, but below that of other long-time EU members such as Italy or Spain. The country is ranked 8th in the 2015 Index of Economic Freedom, and the 4th freest economy in Europe. Because of its rapid growth, Estonia has often been described as a Baltic Tiger beside Lithuania and Latvia. Beginning 1 January 2011, Estonia adopted the euro and became the 17th eurozone member state.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2010 after sanctions were imposed on Iraq, she arrived in Baghdad with a delegation of 69 officials. Shortly before the invasion of Iraq in 2003, she met with Saddam Hussein. In 2011, she strongly denounced the policies of U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. President Barack Obama, calling for a mediation of the Libyan Civil War through an international organization which would exclude them.Ayesha has served as a mediator on behalf of the government with European Union corporations.", "title": "Ayesha Gaddafi" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Membership of the G20 consists of 19 individual countries plus the European Union (EU). The EU is represented by the European Commission and by the European Central Bank. Collectively, the G20 economies account for around 85% of the gross world product (GWP), 80% of world trade (or, if excluding EU intra-trade, 75%), two - thirds of the world population, and approximately half of the world land area.", "title": "G20" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Greek economy is classified as advanced and high-income. Greece was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). In 1979 the accession of the country in the European Communities and the single market was signed, and the process was completed in 1982. Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro. Greece is also a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, and is ranked 24th on the KOF Globalization Index for 2013.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of living. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001. It is also a member of numerous other international institutions, including the Council of Europe, NATO,[a] OECD, OIF, OSCE and the WTO. Greece, which is one of the world's largest shipping powers, middle powers and top tourist destinations, has the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1986, Portugal joined the European Economic Community (EEC) that later became the European Union (EU). In the following years Portugal's economy progressed considerably as a result of EEC/EU structural and cohesion funds and Portuguese companies' easier access to foreign markets.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Netherlands has a developed economy and has been playing a special role in the European economy for many centuries. Since the 16th century, shipping, fishing, agriculture, trade, and banking have been leading sectors of the Dutch economy. The Netherlands has a high level of economic freedom. The Netherlands is one of the top countries in the Global Enabling Trade Report (2nd in 2016), and was ranked the fifth most competitive economy in the world by the Swiss International Institute for Management Development in 2017. In addition, the country was ranked the second most innovative nation in the world in the 2018 Global Innovation Index.", "title": "Netherlands" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country joined what is now the European Union in 1981. In 2001 Greece adopted the euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachmae per euro. Greece is a member of the International Monetary Fund and of the World Trade Organization, and ranked 34th on Ernst & Young's Globalization Index 2011.", "title": "Economy of Greece" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European Inventor Award or European Inventor awards (formerly European Inventor of the Year Award, renamed in 2010), are presented annually by the European Patent Office, sometimes supported by the respective Presidency of the Council of the European Union and by the European Commission, to inventors who have made a significant contribution to innovation, economy and society in Europe. Inventions from all technological fields are considered for this award. The winners in each category are presented with an award shaped like a sail. There is no cash prize associated with the award.", "title": "European Inventor Award" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between 2007 and 2013, Estonia receives 53.3 billion kroons (3.4 billion euros) from various European Union Structural Funds as direct supports by creating the largest foreign investments into Estonia ever. Majority of the European Union financial aid will be invested into to the following fields: energy economies, entrepreneurship, administrative capability, education, information society, environment protection, regional and local development, research and development activities, healthcare and welfare, transportation and labour market.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report currently ranks Switzerland's economy as the most competitive in the world, while ranked by the European Union as Europe's most innovative country. For much of the 20th century, Switzerland was the wealthiest country in Europe by a considerable margin (by GDP – per capita). In 2007 the gross median household income in Switzerland was an estimated 137,094 USD at Purchasing power parity while the median income was 95,824 USD. Switzerland also has one of the world's largest account balances as a percentage of GDP.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "There were several border conflicts between Colombia and Peru in the early part of the 20th century, and in 1922, their governments signed the Salomón-Lozano Treaty in an attempt to resolve them. As part of this treaty, the border town of Leticia and its surrounding area was ceded from Peru to Colombia, giving Colombia access to the Amazon River. On 1 September 1932, business leaders from Peruvian rubber and sugar industries who had lost land, as a result, organised an armed takeover of Leticia. At first, the Peruvian government did not recognise the military takeover, but President of Peru Luis Sánchez Cerro decided to resist a Colombian re-occupation. The Peruvian Army occupied Leticia, leading to an armed conflict between the two nations. After months of diplomatic negotiations, the governments accepted mediation by the League of Nations, and their representatives presented their cases before the Council. A provisional peace agreement, signed by both parties in May 1933, provided for the League to assume control of the disputed territory while bilateral negotiations proceeded. In May 1934, a final peace agreement was signed, resulting in the return of Leticia to Colombia, a formal apology from Peru for the 1932 invasion, demilitarisation of the area around Leticia, free navigation on the Amazon and Putumayo Rivers, and a pledge of non-aggression.", "title": "League of Nations" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seattle's economy is driven by a mix of older industrial companies, and \"new economy\" Internet and technology companies, service, design and clean technology companies. The city's gross metropolitan product was $231 billion in 2010, making it the 11th largest metropolitan economy in the United States. The Port of Seattle, which also operates Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, is a major gateway for trade with Asia and cruises to Alaska, and is the 8th largest port in the United States in terms of container capacity. Though it was affected by the Great Recession, Seattle has retained a comparatively strong economy, and remains a hotbed for start-up businesses, especially in green building and clean technologies: it was ranked as America's No. 1 \"smarter city\" based on its government policies and green economy. In February 2010, the city government committed Seattle to becoming North America's first \"climate neutral\" city, with a goal of reaching zero net per capita greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Confederate States of America had an agrarian - based economy that relied heavily on slave - worked plantations for the production of cotton for export to Europe and the northern US states. If ranked as an independent nation, it would have been the fourth richest country of the world in 1860. When the Union blockaded its ports in summer 1861, exports of cotton fell 95 percent and the South had to restructure itself to emphasize food and munitions production. After losing control of its main rivers and ports, it had to depend on a weak railroad system that, with few repairs being made, no new equipment, and federal raids, crumbled away. The financial infrastructure collapsed during the war as inflation destroyed banks and forced a move toward a barter economy for civilians. The government seized needed supplies and livestock (paying with certificates that were to be paid off after the war, but never were). By 1865 the economy was in ruins.", "title": "Economy of the Confederate States of America" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greece is a developed country with high standards of living[citation needed] and high Human Development Index. Its economy mainly comprises the service sector (85.0%) and industry (12.0%), while agriculture makes up 3.0% of the national economic output. Important Greek industries include tourism (with 14.9 million international tourists in 2009, it is ranked as the 7th most visited country in the European Union and 16th in the world by the United Nations World Tourism Organization) and merchant shipping (at 16.2% of the world's total capacity, the Greek merchant marine is the largest in the world), while the country is also a considerable agricultural producer (including fisheries) within the union.", "title": "Greece" } ]

[ { "answer": "the League of Nations", "id": 159612, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Who intervened with mediation for the governments?", "raw_question": "Who intervened with mediation for the governments?", "statement": "The League of Nations intervened with mediation for the governments." }, { "answer": "Switzerland", "id": 22372, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Where is the League of Nations located?", "raw_question": "Where is #1 located?", "statement": "The League of Nations is located in Switzerland." }, { "answer": "Europe's most innovative country", "id": 22384, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "How did the European Union rank Switzerland 's economy?", "raw_question": "How did the European Union rank #2 's economy?", "statement": "Switzerland was ranked as Europe's most innovative country by the European Union." } ]

[ "Europe" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Banoak (also known as Corinth) is an unincorporated community in Catawba County, North Carolina, United States. Banoak is located on North Carolina Highway 10, south-southwest of Hickory.", "title": "Banoak, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Production on the film began on April 22, 2013, in North Carolina, and concluded in May 2013. The film was partially financed by $1,193,150 (approximately 25% of the film's costs) in film production tax credits allocated by the State of North Carolina's Department of Revenue.", "title": "Careful What You Wish For (film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Subcommittee on Health Care, Benefits and Administrative Rules is a standing committee within the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Jurisdiction includes the Census Bureau, the National Archives and Records Administration, health care, and the District of Columbia. It was previously known as the Subcommittee on Information Policy, Census, and National Archives.", "title": "United States House Oversight Subcommittee on Health Care, Benefits, and Administrative Rules" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hermitage is a city in Hickory County, Missouri, United States, on the Pomme de Terre River. The population was 467 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Hickory County. The John Siddles Williams House on Museum Street in Hermitage, on the National Register of Historic Places since 1980, houses the Hickory County Historical Society Museum and Research Room.", "title": "Hermitage, Missouri" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lone Hickory is an unincorporated community in southern Yadkin County, North Carolina west of Courtney. It is located on Lone Hickory road, about a mile southeast of the road's west end at U.S. Route 21.", "title": "Lone Hickory, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Counter-Espionage is a 1942 American comedy film directed by Edward Dmytryk. \"Counter-Espionage\" was the ninth film in Columbia's Lone Wolf series, based on characters created by Louis Joseph Vance. It is also known as The Lone Wolf in Scotland Yard.", "title": "Counter-Espionage" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Care Bears Movie is a 1985 Canadian - American animated fantasy film and the second feature film from the Canadian animation studio Nelvana. One of the first films based directly on a toy line, it introduced the Care Bears characters and their companions the Care Bear Cousins. In the film, an orphanage owner (Mickey Rooney) tells a story about the Care Bears, who live in a cloud - filled land called Care - a-Lot. Traveling across Earth, the Bears help two lonely children named Kim and Jason find new parents, and also save a young magician's apprentice named Nicholas from an evil spirit's influence. Deep within a place called the Forest of Feelings, Kim, Jason, and their friends soon meet another group of creatures, the Care Bear Cousins.", "title": "The Care Bears Movie" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hickory is an unincorporated community in Harford County, Maryland, United States. Hickory is located at the junction of Maryland Route 543 and U.S. Route 1 Business north of Bel Air.", "title": "Hickory, Maryland" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Lubawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It takes its name from the town of Lubawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. The administrative seat of the gmina is the village of Fijewo, which lies close to Lubawa.", "title": "Gmina Lubawa" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lone Wolf in Mexico is a 1947 black-and-white mystery-adventure film directed by D. Ross Lederman for Columbia Pictures. It features Gerald Mohr as the title character, detective Lone Wolf. Chronologically the third-to-last Lone Wolf film in Columbia's theatrical series, it was followed by \"The Lone Wolf in London\" later in 1947 and \"The Lone Wolf and His Lady\" in 1949.", "title": "The Lone Wolf in Mexico" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hell Bent for Leather is a 1960 American CinemaScope Eastmancolor Western film directed by George Sherman starring Audie Murphy, Felicia Farr, Stephen McNally and Robert Middleton. The film was based on the 1959 novel Outlaw Marshal by Ray Hogan and filmed on location in the Alabama Hills of Lone Pine, California...", "title": "Hell Bent for Leather (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hickory Hiram is a 1918 American silent comedy film featuring Stan Laurel. It is not known whether the film currently survives.", "title": "Hickory Hiram" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Richmond Hill is an unincorporated community in northern Yadkin County, North Carolina, United States, along the Yadkin River. The community is on the Yadkin County side of the river between the Surry County communities of Rockford and Siloam. It is located in the Boonville ZIP code area (27011).", "title": "Richmond Hill, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Strehlow Research Centre is a museum and cultural centre located in Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Research Centre is responsible for the care of the Strehlow Collection of Indigenous central Australian ethnographic objects and archival materials. It is managed by the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory.", "title": "Strehlow Research Centre" } ]

[ { "answer": "North Carolina", "id": 83954, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "where was be careful what you wish for filmed", "raw_question": "where was be careful what you wish for filmed", "statement": "Be Careful What You Wish For was filmed in North Carolina." }, { "answer": "Yadkin County", "id": 482320, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Lone Hickory, North Carolina >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Lone Hickory, #1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Lone Hickory is located in Yadkin County." }, { "answer": "Yadkin River", "id": 707201, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Yadkin County >> named after", "raw_question": "#2 >> named after", "statement": "Yadkin County is named after the Yadkin River." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wood Frisian (West Frisian: \"Wâldfrysk\") is a dialect of the West Frisian language spoken in the eastern part of the Dutch province of Friesland, which is called \"Wâlden\" (English: \"woods\"). The dialect is also spoken in parts of Groningen, the province to the east of Friesland.", "title": "Wood Frisian" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Devious Path (German: Abwege) is a 1928 German silent drama film directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst and starring Gustav Diessl, Brigitte Helm and Hertha von Walther. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Otto Erdmann and Hans Sohnle. Location shooting took place at the Markgrafentheater Erlangen in Bavaria. It was made by the German subsidiary of Universal Pictures. It premiered at the Marmorhaus in Berlin.", "title": "The Devious Path" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhejiang is mountainous and has therefore fostered the development of many distinct local cultures. Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse. Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak Wu, but the Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible to the next valley a few kilometers away. Other varieties of Chinese are spoken as well, mostly along the borders; Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border with Anhui, while Min dialects are spoken on the border with Fujian. (See Hangzhou dialect, Shaoxing dialect, Ningbo dialect, Wenzhou dialect, Taizhou dialect, Jinhua dialect, and Quzhou dialect for more information).", "title": "Zhejiang" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Until the 20th century, the language's spoken form was the language of only the upper noble classes and urban population, as Russian peasants from the countryside continued to speak in their own dialects. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [ɣ] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech.", "title": "Russian language" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beijing dialect (simplified Chinese: 北京话; traditional Chinese: 北京話; pinyin: Běijīnghuà), also known as Pekingese, is the prestige dialect of Mandarin spoken in the urban area of Beijing, China. It is the phonological basis of Standard Chinese, which is the official language in the People's Republic of China and Republic of China and one of the official languages in Singapore.", "title": "Beijing dialect" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Wooden Heart\", created by Fred Wise, Ben Weisman, Kay Twomey and German bandleader Bert Kaempfert, was based on a German folk song by Friedrich Silcher, \"Muss i denn\", originating from the Rems Valley in Württemberg, southwest Germany. \"Wooden Heart\" features several lines from the original folk song, written in the German Swabian dialect, as spoken in Württemberg. Marlene Dietrich recorded a version of the song sometime before 1958, pre-dating Presley, in the original German language, which appears as a B-side on a 1959 version of her single \"Lili Marlene\", released by Philips in association with Columbia Records. The Elvis Presley version was published by Gladys Music, Elvis Presley's publishing company. Bobby Vinton recorded his version in 1975 with those lines translated into Polish.", "title": "Wooden Heart" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Furrer was born in Zermatt. He became a world champion in the combined event, received a silver medal in the slalom and a bronze medal in the downhill in Cortina d'Ampezzo in 1932. He was killed in an accident on the Matterhorn.", "title": "Otto Furrer" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mardana is a village in the state of Madhya Pradesh located on the banks of the river Narmada in India. The village falls under the Nimar region (pronounced Nimadh/Nimad/Nimarh). The region predominantly speaks the local dialect \"Nimadi\" and Hindi. Nearest airport is Indore and nearest railway station is Sanawad. Mardana can also be accessed by boat from Maheshwar.", "title": "Mardana, Madhya Pradesh" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century.", "title": "Old English" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When talking about the German language, the term German dialects is only used for the traditional regional varieties. That allows them to be distinguished from the regional varieties of modern standard German.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roofs are traditionally constructed from Alpine rocks such as pieces of schist, gneiss or slate. Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important. The inclination of the roof cannot exceed 40%, allowing the snow to stay on top, thereby functioning as insulation from the cold. In the lower areas where the forests are widespread, wooden tiles are traditionally used. Commonly made of Norway spruce, they are called \"tavaillon\". The Alpine regions are multicultural and linguistically diverse. Dialects are common, and vary from valley to valley and region to region. In the Slavic Alps alone 19 dialects have been identified. Some of the French dialects spoken in the French, Swiss and Italian alps of Aosta Valley derive from Arpitan, while the southern part of the western range is related to Old Provençal; the German dialects derive from Germanic tribal languages. Romansh, spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland, is an ancient Rhaeto-Romanic language derived from Latin, remnants of ancient Celtic languages and perhaps Etruscan.", "title": "Alps" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a foreign language.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the majority of Nigeria's populace in the rural areas, the major languages of communication in the country remain indigenous languages. Some of the largest of these, notably Yoruba and Igbo, have derived standardised languages from a number of different dialects and are widely spoken by those ethnic groups. Nigerian Pidgin English, often known simply as 'Pidgin' or 'Broken' (Broken English), is also a popular lingua franca, though with varying regional influences on dialect and slang. The pidgin English or Nigerian English is widely spoken within the Niger Delta Regions, predominately in Warri, Sapele, Port Harcourt, Agenebode, Ewu, and Benin City.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby areas are considered Tibetan dialects. Other forms, particularly Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi, are considered by their speakers, largely for political reasons, to be separate languages. However, if the latter group of Tibetan-type languages are included in the calculation, then 'greater Tibetan' is spoken by approximately 6 million people across the Tibetan Plateau. Tibetan is also spoken by approximately 150,000 exile speakers who have fled from modern-day Tibet to India and other countries.", "title": "Tibet" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some Flemish dialects are so distinct that they might be considered as separate language variants, although the strong significance of language in Belgian politics would prevent the government from classifying them as such. West Flemish in particular has sometimes been considered a distinct variety. Dialect borders of these dialects do not correspond to present political boundaries, but reflect older, medieval divisions. The Brabantian dialect group, for instance, also extends to much of the south of the Netherlands, and so does Limburgish. West Flemish is also spoken in Zeelandic Flanders (part of the Dutch province of Zeeland), and by older people in French Flanders (a small area that borders Belgium).", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, \"Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak\" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office. As of 2011, 62,908 Czech citizens spoke Moravian as their first language and 45,561 were diglossal (speaking Moravian and standard Czech as first languages).", "title": "Czech language" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Some high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragile Alpine terrain.", "title": "Alps" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian /e/ and /o/. An interesting morphological feature is a post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian.", "title": "Russian language" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sidhauli is a village located 10 km from the town of Rohtas, Bihar state, India, and it is located to the north of Dehri, and is governed by a Panchayat. The population of the village is 4000, (52% male, 48% female; approximate even split between Hindus and Muslims). Most of Muslim follow Deobandi ideology.The languages spoken in the village are Urdu, Hindi and Bhojpuri.", "title": "Sidhauli, Darbhanga" } ]

[ { "answer": "Zermatt", "id": 204168, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Otto Furrer >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Otto Furrer >> place of birth", "statement": "Otto Furrer was born in Switzerland." }, { "answer": "Switzerland", "id": 9522, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Where are the villages of Wengen and Zermatt located?", "raw_question": "Where are the villages of Wengen and #1 located?", "statement": "The villages of Wengen and Zermatt are located in Switzerland." }, { "answer": "Swiss German", "id": 8111, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "What dialect of German is spoken in Switzerland ?", "raw_question": "What dialect of German is spoken in #2 ?", "statement": "Swiss German is spoken in Switzerland." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silkwood Park is located in the Northwood community in the city of Irvine in Orange County, California, USA. The park sits next to Westwood Basics Plus Elementary School and Sierra Vista Middle School.", "title": "Silkwood Park" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "This ocean has most of the islands in the world. There are about 25,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. The islands entirely within the Pacific Ocean can be divided into three main groups known as Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia. Micronesia, which lies north of the equator and west of the International Date Line, includes the Mariana Islands in the northwest, the Caroline Islands in the center, the Marshall Islands to the west and the islands of Kiribati in the southeast.", "title": "Pacific Ocean" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Madsen Peel (1820–1900) was a founder, first blacksmith, and civic leader of Mount Pleasant, Utah. A replica of his blacksmith shop is located next to the Relic Hall in Mt. Pleasant, including a working forge.", "title": "Peter Madsen Peel" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carmody Hills is an unincorporated community in Prince George's County in the State of Maryland in the United States of America. Because it is not formally incorporated, it has no official boundaries, but the United States Census Bureau has defined a census-designated place consisting of Carmody Hills and the adjacent community of Pepper Mill Village, together designated \"Peppermill Village\", for statistical purposes. (At the 2000 census the area was delineated as \"Carmody Hills-Pepper Mill Village\".) Carmody Hills is located on the south side of Seat Pleasant Drive and east of Seat Pleasant.", "title": "Carmody Hills, Maryland" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Vincenzo al Volturno is a historic Benedictine monastery located in the territories of the Comunes of Castel San Vincenzo and Rocchetta a Volturno, in the Province of Isernia, near the source of the river Volturno in Italy. The current monastery, housing a group 8 benedictin nuns, is located to the east of the river, while the archaeological monastery of the early Middle Ages was located on the west.", "title": "San Vincenzo al Volturno" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pleasant Lake is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Michigan, United States. Pleasant Lake is located in Henrietta Township just south of the lake itself. Pleasant Lake has a post office with ZIP code 49272. In addition to the post office there is a party store, a gas station, and Christ Episcopal Church.", "title": "Pleasant Lake, Michigan" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "France's highest courts are located in Paris. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité, while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement. The Constitutional Council, an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees, also meets in the Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "Lake Oesa" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland. Norfolk Island is the main island of the island group the territory encompasses and is located at 29°02′S 167°57′E / 29.033°S 167.950°E / -29.033; 167.950. It has an area of 34.6 square kilometres (13.4 sq mi), with no large-scale internal bodies of water and 32 km (20 mi) of coastline. The island's highest point is Mount Bates (319 metres (1,047 feet) above sea level), located in the northwest quadrant of the island. The majority of the terrain is suitable for farming and other agricultural uses. Phillip Island, the second largest island of the territory, is located at 29°07′S 167°57′E / 29.117°S 167.950°E / -29.117; 167.950, seven kilometres (4.3 miles) south of the main island.", "title": "Norfolk Island" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrade is a surname of Galician origin, which emerged in the 12th century as the family name of the knights and lords of the small parish of San Martiño de Andrade (St. Martin of Andrade, into the council of Pontedeume). The first mention of this small territory, is to be found in the documentation of the monastery of Caaveiro (located just 18km away), and belong chronologically to the 9th century. It was part of the region of Pruzos, which was created as an administrative and ecclesiastical territory of Kingdom of Galicia in the sixth century by the King: Teodomiro (559 - 570), through a document written in Latin called: Parrochiale suevum, Parochiale suevorum or Theodomiri Divisio. From the 12th century Pruzos, and therefore Andrade, were integrated into the county of Trastámara that belonged to the lineage Traba, the most powerful Galician family. By this same time the family group: Fortúnez, begins to unite their names Andrade as surname, since in this parish their family home was located. The knights of Andrade were faithful vassals of their lords the Counts of Trastámara throughout the middle centuries of the Middle Ages.", "title": "Andrade" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heceta Head ( ) is a headland that stands above the Pacific Ocean in Lane County, Oregon, United States. The Heceta Head Light is located on its south side. Heceta Head is named after the Basque explorer under Spanish Commission, Bruno de Heceta, who explored the Pacific Northwest in the 1770s. The headland marks the end of a lower-lying stretch of the coastline to the south dominated by sand dunes; the coastline to the north is more varied. Devils Elbow is the bay south of the headland at the mouth of Cape Creek, and with the headland formed Devils Elbow State Park, which is now part of Heceta Head Lighthouse State Scenic Viewpoint.", "title": "Heceta Head" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Christian Science Pleasant View Home is a historic senior citizen residential facility located at 227 Pleasant Street in Concord, New Hampshire, in the United States, It was built in 1927 by the Christian Science Board of Directors as a retirement home for aged Christian Science practitioners and other workers in the cause of Christian Science and occupies the site of \"Pleasant View\", Mary Baker Eddy's last home before moving to Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, in 1908. It is now Pleasant View Retirement, a senior independent living facility. On September 19, 1984, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "Christian Science Pleasant View Home" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pleasant Hill is an unincorporated community in Lane County, Oregon, United States. As of July 2007, Pleasant Hill has a total population of 5,665.", "title": "Pleasant Hill, Oregon" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Smoking Hills are located on the east coast of Cape Bathurst in Canada's Northwest Territories, next to the Arctic Ocean and a small group of lakes. The cliffs were named by explorer John Franklin, who was the first European to see them on his 1826 expeditions. They contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries.", "title": "Smoking Hills" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Schermützelsee is a lake in Brandenburg, Germany. It is located in the town of Buckow in the district Märkisch-Oderland northwest of Müncheberg and east of the Berlin centre. With its surface area of 1.37 km² it is the largest water in the hill country „Märkische Schweiz“ and in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park.", "title": "Schermützelsee" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.", "title": "Richmond, Virginia" } ]

[ { "answer": "Lane County", "id": 681455, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Pleasant Hill >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Pleasant Hill >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Pleasant Hill is located in Lane County." }, { "answer": "Pacific Ocean", "id": 603923, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Lane County >> located in or next to body of water", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in or next to body of water", "statement": "Lane County is located in or next to the Pacific Ocean." }, { "answer": "Caroline Islands", "id": 43805, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "country in the middle of Pacific Ocean", "raw_question": "country in the middle of #2", "statement": "The Caroline Islands are in the middle of the Pacific Ocean." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John I Albert () (27 December 1459 – 17 June 1501) was King of Poland (1492–1501) and Duke of Głogów (1491–1498).", "title": "John I Albert" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "King's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge, the college lies beside the River Cam and faces out onto King's Parade in the centre of the city.", "title": "King's College, Cambridge" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Albert ( , ; c. 1338 – 1 April 1412) was King of Sweden from 1364 to 1389 and Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1384 to 1412 as Albert III.", "title": "Albert, King of Sweden" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first \"free election\" (Polish: \"wolna elekcja\") of a king took place in 1492. (To be sure, some earlier Polish kings had been elected with help from bodies such as that which put Casimir II on the throne, thereby setting a precedent for free elections.) Only senators voted in the 1492 free election, which was won by John I Albert. For the duration of the Jagiellonian Dynasty, only members of that royal family were considered for election; later, there would be no restrictions on the choice of candidates.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the churches eventually worked out their differences and came to an initial agreement, both Nicholas I of Russia and Napoleon III refused to back down. Nicholas issued an ultimatum that the Orthodox subjects of the Empire be placed under his protection. Britain attempted to mediate, and arranged a compromise that Nicholas agreed to. When the Ottomans demanded changes, Nicholas refused and prepared for war. Having obtained promises of support from France and Britain, the Ottomans officially declared war on Russia in October 1853.", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "House of Tudor Tudor rose Country Kingdom of England Kingdom of Ireland Principality of Wales Origin Welsh Parent house Tudors of Penmynydd Founded 22 August 1485 Founder Henry VII Final ruler Elizabeth I Extinction 24 March 1603 Titles King of England King of Ireland King of France Lord of Ireland", "title": "House of Tudor" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war.", "title": "Abeele Aerodrome Military Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amarindra (; ; 15 March 1737 – 25 May 1826) was the Queen Consort of King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I), the founder of the Chakri Dynasty. Her birth name was Nak (นาค). She was a daughter of a wealthy Mon from Bang Chang, in Samut Songkhram Province.", "title": "Amarindra" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Luther Burgess MC (January 28, 1891 – November 30, 1960) was a World War I flying ace who, in 1926, was the sole challenger to Liberal Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King in a by-election held in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan.", "title": "David Luther Burgess" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Göran Therborn FAcSS (23 September 1941, Kalmar, Sweden) is a professor of sociology at Cambridge University and is amongst the most highly cited contemporary Marxian-influenced sociologists. He has published widely in journals such as the \"New Left Review\", and is notable for his writing on topics that fall within the general political and sociological framework of post-Marxism. Topics on which he has written extensively include the intersection between the class structure of society and the function of the state apparatus, the formation of ideology within subjects, and the future of the Marxist tradition.", "title": "Göran Therborn" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas I, Lord of Mecklenburg (also known as \"Niklot I\"; before 1164 – 25 May 1200, near Waschow, now part of Wittendörp), was the ruling Lord of Mecklenburg from 1178 until his death. He was the son of Wertislaw, Lord of Rostock and Prince of the Obotrites.", "title": "Nicholas I, Lord of Mecklenburg" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Är du kär i mej ännu Klas-Göran?\" (\"Are you still in love with me, Klas-Göran?\") is a song written by Stig \"Stikkan\" Andersson. A Lill-Babs recording became a major hit song in Sweden in 1959, and sold gold in Sweden. Dutch singer Ria Valk had a hit record in 1960 in The Netherlands with the song \"Hou je echt nog van mij Rockin' Billy\", a translation of Är du kär i mej ännu, Klas-Göran.", "title": "Är du kär i mej ännu Klas-Göran?" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His birthday (14 December 1895) was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather, Prince Albert, the Prince Consort. Uncertain of how the Prince Consort's widow, Queen Victoria, would take the news of the birth, the Prince of Wales wrote to the Duke of York that the Queen had been \"rather distressed\". Two days later, he wrote again: \"I really think it would gratify her if you yourself proposed the name Albert to her\". Queen Victoria was mollified by the proposal to name the new baby Albert, and wrote to the Duchess of York: \"I am all impatience to see the new one, born on such a sad day but rather more dear to me, especially as he will be called by that dear name which is a byword for all that is great and good\". Consequently, he was baptised \"Albert Frederick Arthur George\" at St. Mary Magdalene's Church near Sandringham three months later.[a] As a great-grandson of Queen Victoria, he was known formally as His Highness Prince Albert of York from birth. Within the family, he was known informally as \"Bertie\". His maternal grandmother, the Duchess of Teck, did not like the first name the baby had been given, and she wrote prophetically that she hoped the last name \"may supplant the less favoured one\".", "title": "George VI" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aragorn Middle - Earth character Full Name Aragorn II Elessar Telcontar Race Men Gender Male Kingdoms and Cultures Reunited Kingdom Dúnedain House of Isildur Númenórean Title (s) King of the Reunited Kingdom Birth 1 March, T.A. 2931 Death 1 March, F.A. 120 (age 210) Once Owned Andúril Ring of Barahir Sceptre of Annúminas Notable Aliases Elessar (Elfstone) Telcontar (``Strider '') Thorongil (`` Eagle of the Star'') Estel (``Hope '') Family Spouse (s) Arwen Parentage Arathorn II and Gilraen; Elrond (foster father) Children Eldarion, at least two daughters Other Notable Relations Isildur Anárion Elendil Elros Book Appearances The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayed By Viggo Mortensen Major character in The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayals in adaptations The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (film)", "title": "Aragorn" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince Leopold was born in Brussels, the first child of King Albert I of the Belgians and his consort, Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria. His father became King of the Belgians, as Albert I, in 1909 and Prince Leopold became Duke of Brabant, heir to the Belgian throne.", "title": "Leopold III of Belgium" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "G-Men from Hell (released on DVD as Michael Allred's G-Men from Hell) is a 2000 American comedy film directed by Christopher Coppola and written by Robert Cooper, Richard L. Albert, and Nicholas Johnson. It is based on Michael Allred's comic book series \"Grafik Muzik\" published by Caliber Press. It stars William Forsythe and Tate Donovan as two violent FBI agents who die, go to hell, and escape back to Earth, where they become embroiled in a mystery.", "title": "G-Men from Hell" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger is a dual Austrian/United States citizen. He holds Austrian citizenship by birth and has held U.S. citizenship since becoming naturalized in 1983. Being Austrian and thus European, he was able to win the 2007 European Voice campaigner of the year award for taking action against climate change with the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 and plans to introduce an emissions trading scheme with other US states and possibly with the EU.", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas III, Lord of Mecklenburg (after 1230 – 8 June 1289 or 1290) was from 1264 to 1289 Lord of Mecklenburg.", "title": "Nicholas III, Lord of Mecklenburg" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.", "title": "Citizenship Clause" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stephen Devereux was born about 1191, the eldest of three sons of Walter Devereux and Cecilia de Longchamp. Cecilia was the daughter of Sir Hugh de Longchamp and sister to William de Longchamp, Lord Chancellor of England. His father, Walter, died in 1197, and as a member of the retinue of William de Braose this probably occurred in France during May 1197 at the assault on the castle at Milly-sur-Thérain. Braose was with Richard I as he campaigned to regain his territories lost while Richard was held captive by Leopold of Austria. Walter Devereux's lands passed into the King's hands and were placed in the custody of the sheriff of Hereford, William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber. His sons were placed in the retinue of local lords for training as knights: Stephen Devereux with William Marshal, earl of Pembroke; Nicholas Devereux with Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath; and John Devereux with William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber. Stephen's mother, Cecilia, launched into a series of legal fights to preserve her dower rights and the Devereux properties.", "title": "Stephen Devereux" } ]

[ { "answer": "Sweden", "id": 103247, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "What is Göran Therborn's country of citizenship?", "raw_question": "What is Göran Therborn's country of citizenship?", "statement": "Nicholas I, Lord of Göran Therborn's country of citizenship, Sweden, king's birth region." }, { "answer": "Mecklenburg", "id": 387516, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Albert, King of Sweden >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Albert, King of #1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Albert, King of Sweden was born in Mecklenburg." }, { "answer": "Wittendörp", "id": 145746, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "In what city did Nicholas I, Lord of Mecklenburg die?", "raw_question": "In what city did Nicholas I, Lord of #2 die?", "statement": "Nicholas I, Lord of Mecklenburg died in Wittendörp." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha, KCSI, PC, KC, (24 March 1863 – 4 March 1928) was a prominent lawyer and statesman in British India. He was the first Governor of Bihar and Orissa, first Indian Advocate-General of Bengal, first Indian to become a member of the Viceroy's executive Council and the first Indian to become a member of the British ministry. He is sometimes also referred as Satyendra Prasanno Sinha or Satyendra Prasad Sinha.", "title": "Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Zealand has an annual quota of 75 Tuvaluans granted work permits under the Pacific Access Category, as announced in 2001. The applicants register for the Pacific Access Category (PAC) ballots; the primary criteria is that the principal applicant must have a job offer from a New Zealand employer. Tuvaluans also have access to seasonal employment in the horticulture and viticulture industries in New Zealand under the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Work Policy introduced in 2007 allowing for employment of up to 5,000 workers from Tuvalu and other Pacific islands. Tuvaluans can participate in the Australian Pacific Seasonal Worker Program, which allows Pacific Islanders to obtain seasonal employment in the Australian agriculture industry, in particular cotton and cane operations; fishing industry, in particular aquaculture; and with accommodation providers in the tourism industry.", "title": "Tuvalu" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season ten is the first to include online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace. Karen Rodriguez was one such auditioner and reached the final rounds.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The second season of the American science fiction television series \"\" commenced airing on UPN in the United States on September 18, 2002 and concluded on May 21, 2003 after 26 episodes. Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship \"Enterprise\", registration NX-01. The second season saw the series continue a concentration on stand-alone episodes as seen in the , but the decision was made to start an ongoing story-arc to run into the with the second season finale episode \"The Expanse\". The second season also saw the return of executive producer Rick Berman to writing duties after he had been working on the film \"\".", "title": "Star Trek: Enterprise (season 2)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tito's visits to the United States avoided most of the Northeast due to large minorities of Yugoslav emigrants bitter about communism in Yugoslavia. Security for the state visits was usually high to keep him away from protesters, who would frequently burn the Yugoslav flag. During a visit to the United Nations in the late 1970s emigrants shouted \"Tito murderer\" outside his New York hotel, for which he protested to United States authorities.", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Originals, a one - hour American supernatural drama, was renewed for a fourth season by The CW on March 17, 2016, by The CW's President, Mark Pedowitz. The 2016 -- 17 United States television season debut of The Originals was pushed to midseason, which saw the fourth season premiere on March 17, 2017. It concluded on June 23, 2017, after 13 episodes.", "title": "The Originals (season 4)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Saw What I Saw\" is the sixth episode of the sixth season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the show's 108th episode overall. It was written by Peter William Harper and directed by Allison Liddi-Brown. The episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on October 22, 2009.", "title": "I Saw What I Saw" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burton Mound (also known as Syujtun or Syuxtun) is a California Historical Landmark located in Santa Barbara, California, in the United States. It is believed to be a former Native American village that was discovered in 1542 by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo. Historically known as Syujtun, it was also visited and documented by Juan Crespí, Gaspar de Portolà, and eventually Don Luís Burton, the latter who purchased the property in 1860. The California Department of Parks and Recreation has acknowledged that Burton Mound has \"yielded some of the most important archeological evidence found in California\".", "title": "Burton Mound" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Son of the prominent lawyer Hema Henry Basnayake, QC; he was educated at the Royal College, Colombo and graduated with a first class in law from the University of Oxford. After qualifying as a barrister he joined the UN as a Legal Officer in the International Trade Law Branch of the Office of Legal Affairs, eventually becoming its Director. Appointed as a President's Counsel by the government of Sri Lanka, he has served in many committees of the UN.", "title": "Sinha Basnayake" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2005, Rodriguez hit. 321, leading the American League with 124 runs and 48 HR while driving in 130 runs. He became the first Yankee to win the American League home run title since Reggie Jackson (41) in 1980. He also became one of only two players in Major League history to compile at least 35 home runs, 100 runs and 100 RBIs in eight consecutive seasons (Jimmie Foxx accomplished the feat in nine straight seasons from 1932 to 1940). Rodriguez established the franchise record for most home runs in a single season by a right - handed batter (broke Joe DiMaggio's mark of 46 in 1937). His 47 HR from the third base position are a single - season American League record. Rodriguez hit 26 home runs at Yankee Stadium in 2005, establishing the single - season club record for right - handed batters (previously held by DiMaggio in 1937 and Gary Sheffield in 2004). On June 8, at 29 years, 316 days old, he became the youngest player in MLB history to reach the 400 HR mark. 2005 also marked the tenth straight season that Rodriguez scored at least 100 runs. On defense, however, he had the lowest range factor in the league at third for the second straight season (2.62).", "title": "Alex Rodriguez" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Million to Juan is a 1994 romantic comedy film starring comedian Paul Rodriguez. It was also his directorial debut. The story is a modern spin on Mark Twain's story \"The Million Pound Bank Note\".", "title": "A Million to Juan" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "9 December 1946: The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held in the constitution hall (now the Central Hall of Parliament House). Demanding a separate state, the Muslim League boycotted the meeting. Sachchidananda Sinha was elected temporary president of the assembly, in accordance with French practice.", "title": "Constituent Assembly of India" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Originals, a one - hour American supernatural drama, was renewed for a fourth season by The CW on March 17, 2016, by The CW's President, Mark Pedowitz. The 2016 -- 17 United States television season debut of The Originals was pushed to midseason, which saw the fourth - season premiere on March 17, 2017. It concluded on June 23, 2017, after 13 episodes.", "title": "The Originals (season 4)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tito's Handmade Vodka is a vodka produced in Austin, Texas, (in the state's first legal distillery) established by Tito Beveridge. Prided for being handmade, the vodka is also notable for being made from yellow corn, instead of the more commonly used potatoes or wheat. Using corn results in a mildly sweet aftertaste. The vodka has been advertised as gluten free.", "title": "Tito's Vodka" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Diego has been called ``the birthplace of California ''. Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, it was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly independent Mexico, which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later. California became part of the United States in 1848 following the Mexican -- American War and was admitted to the union as a state in 1850.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tito visited India from December 22, 1954 through January 8, 1955. After his return, he removed many restrictions on churches and spiritual institutions in Yugoslavia.", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chico and the Man is an American sitcom that aired on NBC for four seasons from September 13, 1974 to July 21, 1978. It stars Jack Albertson as Ed Brown (the Man), the cantankerous owner of a run - down garage in an East Los Angeles barrio, and (until his suicide late in the third season) Freddie Prinze as Chico Rodriguez, an upbeat, optimistic young Chicano who comes in looking for a job. It was the first U.S. television series set in a Mexican - American neighborhood.", "title": "Chico and the Man" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street, is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc. In fact, Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start, with Stalin considering Tito too independent.", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Argelia Velez-Rodriguez (born 1936) is a Cuban-American mathematician and educator. She was the first Black woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics in Cuba.", "title": "Argelia Velez-Rodriguez" } ]

[ { "answer": "UN", "id": 247266, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Sinha Basnayake >> employer", "raw_question": "Sinha Basnayake >> employer", "statement": "Sinha Basnayake's employer is the UN." }, { "answer": "New York", "id": 8995, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "What American state did Tito visit when he saw the UN ?", "raw_question": "What American state did Tito visit when he saw the #1 ?", "statement": "Tito visited the state of New York." }, { "answer": "winter", "id": 1698, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to New York ?", "raw_question": "During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to #2 ?", "statement": "Juan Rodriguez first came to New York in the winter." } ]

[ "Winter" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Virgin appearing to St. Bernard is a painting by the Italian artist Pietro Perugino, the main painter of the Umbrian school that was based in Perugia. The panel was executed as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi in Florence. It was later acquired in 1829/30 for King Ludwig I of Bavaria from the Capponi in Florence, and eventually made it to the Alte Pinakothek in Munich. The work has been called \"one of the high points of European painting in the late 15th century.\"", "title": "The Virgin appearing to St. Bernard" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Perugia Altarpiece (Italian: \"Pala di Perugia\") is a painting by the Italian early Renaissance painter Fra Angelico, housed in the Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria of Perugia, Italy.", "title": "Perugia Altarpiece" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Decemviri Altarpiece (Italian: \"Pala dei Decemviri\") is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Pietro Perugino, executed in 1495-1496, and housed in the Pinacoteca Vaticana in Vatican City.", "title": "Decemviri Altarpiece" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Annunciation, with Saint Emidius is an altarpiece by Italian artist Carlo Crivelli showing an artistic adaptation of the Annunciation. The altarpiece was painted for the Church of SS. Annunziata in the Italian town of Ascoli Piceno, in the region of Marche, to celebrate the self-government granted to the town in 1482 by Pope Sixtus IV. The painting was removed to the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan in 1811, but passed to Auguste-Louis de Sivry in 1820, and had reached England by the mid-19th century. It has been housed in the National Gallery in London since it was donated by Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron Taunton in 1864.", "title": "The Annunciation, with Saint Emidius" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Principality of Orange () was, from 1163 to 1713, a feudal state in Provence, in the south of modern-day France, on the east bank of the river Rhone, north of the city of Avignon, and surrounded by the independent papal state of Comtat Venaissin.", "title": "Principality of Orange" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The so-called Tiberina Republic (Italian: \"Repubblica Tiberina\") was a revolutionary municipality proclaimed on 4 February 1798, when republicans took power in the city of Perugia. It was an occupation zone that took its name from the river Tiber. A month later, the government of all the Papal States was changed into a republic: the Roman Republic, which Perugia belonged to. Its head was a consul and it used a tricolor similar to the French flag.", "title": "Tiberina Republic" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the next August Ladislaus died, and Braccio freed Bologna after receiving a payment of 180,000 gold ducats. He thus invaded and conquered most of Umbria, his goal being again the beloved Perugia. The city gave itself to Carlo Malatesta. At the battle of Sant'Egidio (12 July 1416, later portrayed in a famous fresco by Paolo Uccello), the \"bracceschi\" were victorious, and Perugia was finally forced to open its gates to Braccio da Montone. Other Umbrian cities, such as Todi, Narni, Orvieto and Terni named him as lord: at this point, Braccio da Montone was ready to form a state for himself in central Italy. He asked the newly elected Pope Martin V to name him Papal vicar for Umbria, but Martin replied by sending against him two armies under Guidantonio da Montefeltro, from the north, and under Sforza, from the South, but Montone defeated them at Spoleto. On 14 March 1419 he met the Pope in Florence, obtaining the long-awaited title (including the lordships of Perugia, Todi, Assisi, Spello, Jesi and others) in exchange for ousting Antongaleazzo Bentivoglio from Bologna. After conquering the latter, he could finally retreat in Perugia to enjoy ruling the city which had ousted him and his family many years ago.", "title": "Braccio da Montone" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lee had lost her mother, who suffered from mental illness, six years before she met Hohoff at Lippincott’s offices. Her father, a lawyer on whom Atticus was modeled, would die two years after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird.", "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (then in the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire, now in France) rather than in Rome. The situation arose from the conflict between the papacy and the French crown, culminating in the death of Pope Boniface VIII after his arrest and maltreatment by Philip IV of France. Following the further death of Pope Benedict XI, Philip forced a deadlocked conclave to elect the French Clement V as pope in 1305. Clement refused to move to Rome, and in 1309 he moved his court to the papal enclave at Avignon, where it remained for the next 67 years. This absence from Rome is sometimes referred to as the \"Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy\".", "title": "Avignon Papacy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The French crown's increasing dominance over the Papacy culminated in the transference of the Holy See to Avignon in 1309. When the Pope returned to Rome in 1377, this led to the election of different popes in Avignon and Rome, resulting in the Papal Schism (1378–1417). The Schism divided Europe along political lines; while France, her ally Scotland and the Spanish kingdoms supported the Avignon Papacy, France's enemy England stood behind the Pope in Rome, together with Portugal, Scandinavia and most of the German princes.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1445 Pope Eugene IV summoned him to Rome to paint the frescoes of the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament at St Peter's, later demolished by Pope Paul III. Vasari claims that at this time Fra Angelico was offered the Archbishopric of Florence by Pope Nicholas V, and that he refused it, recommending another friar for the position. The story seems possible and even likely. However, if Vasari's date is correct, then the pope must have been Eugene IV and not Nicholas, who was elected Pope only on 6 March 1447. Moreover, the archbishop in 1446–1459 was the Dominican Antoninus of Florence (Antonio Pierozzi), canonized by Pope Adrian VI in 1523. In 1447 Fra Angelico was in Orvieto with his pupil, Benozzo Gozzoli, executing works for the Cathedral. Among his other pupils were Zanobi Strozzi.", "title": "Fra Angelico" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clement V declined to move to Rome, remaining in France, and in 1309, he moved his court to the papal enclave at Avignon, where it remained for the next 67 years. The absence from Rome is sometimes referred to as the ``Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy ''. A total of seven popes reigned at Avignon; all were French, and they increasingly fell under the influence of the French Crown. On September 13, 1376, Gregory XI abandoned Avignon and moved his court to Rome (arriving on January 17, 1377), ending the Avignon Papacy.", "title": "Avignon Papacy" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gothic altarpiece of Santes Creus is an altarpiece painted by Guerau Gener and Lluís Borrassà between 1407 and 1411. It is one of the key works of the International Gothic altarpieces in Catalonia, created for the Santes Creus Monastery. The MNAC museum retains the \"Nativity\", crowned by the figure of \"St. John the Evangelist\", and the Resurrection of Christ, while the rest of the tables are kept in one of the chapels of the cathedral of Tarragona. The altarpiece was commissioned to Pere Serra but apparently died without starting it. Guerau Gener, a connoisseur of València international Gothic, replaced him, but his untimely death made Lluís Borrassà, one of the major figures in the painting of the first international Catalan Gothic, to complete the project.", "title": "Gothic altarpiece of Santes Creus" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 at age 76 after 11 ballots. His selection was unexpected, and Roncalli himself had come to Rome with a return train ticket to Venice. He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of \"John\" upon election in more than 500 years, and his choice settled the complicated question of official numbering attached to this papal name due to the antipope of this name. Pope John XXIII surprised those who expected him to be a caretaker pope by calling the historic Second Vatican Council (1962–65), the first session opening on 11 October 1962. His passionate views on equality were summed up in his famous statement, \"We were all made in God's image, and thus, we are all Godly alike.\" John XXIII made many passionate speeches during his pontificate, one of which was on the day that he opened the Second Vatican Council in the middle of the night to the crowd gathered in St. Peter's Square: \"Dear children, returning home, you will find children: give your children a hug and say: This is a hug from the Pope!\"", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grapes, a right-sided midfielder, began his career with his local team Norwich City, for whom he made 52 appearances and scored 4 goals. He made his league debut for the club during its promotion season of 1971-72. After he had a loan spell with Bournemouth in 1975, he left Norwich permanently in 1976 to sign for Cardiff City for a fee of £7,000. Grapes spent six years at Ninian Park as the club struggled in the lower divisions and was released in 1982 following their relegation to division three. He joined Torquay United and later played for Bath City.", "title": "Steve Grapes" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul de Barry (born at Leucate in 1587; died at Avignon, 28 July 1661) was a French Jesuit and writer. He was rector of the Jesuit colleges at Aix, Nîmes, and Avignon, and Provincial of Lyon.", "title": "Paul de Barry" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning with Clement V, elected 1305, all popes during the Avignon papacy were French. However, this makes French influence seem greater than it was. Southern France at that time had a culture quite independent from Northern France, where most of the advisers to the King of France were based. The Kingdom of Arles was still independent at that time, formally a part of the Holy Roman Empire. The literature produced by the troubadours in the Languedoc is unique and strongly distinct from that of Royal circles in the north. Even in terms of religion, the South produced its own variety of Christianity, Catharism, which was ultimately declared heretical. The movement was fueled in no small part by the strong sense of independence in the South even though the region had been severely weakened during the Albigensian Crusade a hundred years before. By the time of the Avignon Papacy, the power of the French King in this region was uncontested, although still not legally binding.", "title": "Avignon Papacy" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicolas Dipre was born in Paris and probably came from a family of artists. The first written record of his existence dates from 1495 when he lived in Avignon, having lived and worked there his whole life, often working for the city government. In May 1508, he married Honorée Bigle, the daughter of joiner Jean Bigle, with whom he executed orders for the church and painted many pictures, the vast majority of which did not survive.", "title": "Nicolas Dipre" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ceiling is that of the Sistine Chapel, the large papal chapel built within the Vatican between 1477 and 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV, for whom the chapel is named. It was painted at the commission of Pope Julius II. The chapel is the location for papal conclaves and many other important services.", "title": "Sistine Chapel ceiling" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was a nephew of Cardinal Juan Carvajal, and advanced rapidly in the ecclesiastical career at Rome, whither he came during the pontificate of Pope Sixtus IV (1471–84). Under Pope Innocent VIII he held successively the Spanish sees of Astorga (1488), Badajoz (1489), and Cartagena, in which latter quality he was sent as nuncio to Spain. Their Catholic Majesties sent him back as Spanish ambassador to Pope Alexander VI, by whom he was made Cardinal of Sts. Peter and Marcellinus in 1493, which title he exchanged in 1495 for that of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme.", "title": "Bernardino López de Carvajal" } ]

[ { "answer": "Fra Angelico", "id": 107676, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "The Perugia Altarpiece was made by whom?", "raw_question": "The Perugia Altarpiece was made by whom?", "statement": "Fra Angelico made the Perugia Altarpiece." }, { "answer": "Rome", "id": 145979, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "In what city did Fra Angelico die?", "raw_question": "In what city did #1 die?", "statement": "Fra Angelico died in Rome." }, { "answer": "1377", "id": 21544, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "In what year did the Pope return to Rome from Avignon?", "raw_question": "In what year did the Pope return to #2 from Avignon?", "statement": "The Pope returned to Rome from Avignon in 1377." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vedensky District (; , \"Vedanan khoşt\") is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifteen in the Chechen Republic, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Vedeno. Population: 23,390 (2002 Census); The population of Vedeno accounts for 8.7% of the district's total population.", "title": "Vedensky District" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buková u Příbramě is a village and municipality in Příbram District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.", "title": "Buková u Příbramě" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Vrezh (translated as \"Vengeance\" from Armenian) is thought to have been an underground militant movement reportedly created by Dashnak leadership in 1989 to fight Azerbaijan and authorities in Northern Caucasus by bombing civilian targets.", "title": "Vrezh" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With an area of 2,700,000 square kilometres (1,000,000 sq mi) – equivalent in size to Western Europe – Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country and largest landlocked country in the world. While it was part of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan lost some of its territory to China's Xinjiang autonomous region and some to Uzbekistan's Karakalpakstan autonomous republic.", "title": "Kazakhstan" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Portugal–Spain border is 1,214 km (754 mi) long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The official English name was changed by the country's government from the ``Union of Burma ''to the`` Union of Myanmar'' in 1989, and still later to the ``Republic of the Union of Myanmar '', which since then has been the subject of controversies and mixed incidences of adoption.", "title": "Names of Myanmar" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mutiloa is a town and municipality located in the Goierri region of the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, northern Spain.", "title": "Mutiloa" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis took place from 14 June to 19 June 1995, when a group of 80 to 200 Chechen separatists led by Shamil Basayev attacked the southern Russian city of Budyonnovsk (pop. 60,000, often spelled Budennovsk), some north of the border with the \"de facto\" independent Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. The incident resulted in a ceasefire between Russia and Chechen separatists, and peace talks (which later failed) between Russia and the Chechens.", "title": "Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ulyanovsk Oblast (Russian: Улья́новская о́бласть, Ulyanovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It is located in the Volga Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Ulyanovsk. Population: 1,292,799 (2010 Census).", "title": "Ulyanovsk Oblast" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya.", "title": "Libya" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paraguay (; ; , ), officially the Republic of Paraguay (; ), is a country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Although it is one of only two landlocked countries in South America (the other is Bolivia), the country has coasts, beaches and ports on the Paraguay and Paraná rivers that give exit to the Atlantic Ocean through the . Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as \"Corazón de Sudamérica\" (\"Heart of South America\").", "title": "Paraguay" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dornogovi (, \"East Gobi\") is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. It is located in the southeast of the country, bordering PR China's autonomous region of Inner Mongolia.", "title": "Dornogovi Province" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kostelec u Křížků is a village and municipality in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. The municipality covers an area of and as of 2010 it had a population of 581.", "title": "Kostelec u Křížků" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chechen Republic Чеченская Республика (Russian) Нохчийн Республика (Chechen) -- Republic -- Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Shatlak's Song Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E  /  43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E  / 43.400; 45.717 Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E  /  43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E  / 43.400; 45.717 Political status Country Russia Federal district North Caucasian Economic region North Caucasus Established January 10, 1993 Capital Grozny Government (as of January 2015) Head Ramzan Kadyrov Legislature Parliament Statistics Area (as of the 2002 Census) Total 17,300 km (6,700 sq mi) Area rank 75th Urban 32.1% Population (January 2016 est.) Total 1,395,678 Time zone (s) MSK (UTC + 03: 00) ISO 3166 - 2 RU - CE License plates 95 Official languages Russian; Chechen Official website", "title": "Chechnya" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Chechen Parliament attack took place on the morning of 19 October 2010, when three Chechen militants attacked the parliament complex in Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic, a federal subject of Russia. At least six people were killed, including two police officers, one parliament employee and all three suicide commandos.", "title": "2010 Chechen Parliament attack" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Uganda (/ juː ˈɡændə / yew - GAN - də or / juː ˈɡɑːndə / yew - GAHN - də), officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south - west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region. Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate.", "title": "Uganda" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya was Russian Air Force's military operation against the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria that was a prelude to the main part of the Second Chechen War. In late August and September 1999, Russia mounted a massive air campaign over Chechnya, with the stated aim of wiping out militants who invaded Dagestan the previous month.", "title": "1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slezská Harta Dam () is a water reservoir and dam in the Nízký Jeseník mountain range, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. The dam is built on upper course of the Moravice River. With the surface of 8.7 km² it is one of the largest reservoirs in the country. It was constructed in 1987-1998.", "title": "Slezská Harta Dam" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Warlord Era (, 19161928) was a period in the history of the Republic of China when control of the country was divided among former military cliques of the Beiyang Army and other regional factions, which were spread across the mainland regions of Sichuan, Shanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gansu, Yunnan, and Xinjiang.", "title": "Warlord Era" } ]

[ { "answer": "Russia", "id": 161789, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Which country is U;yanovsk subject to?", "raw_question": "Which country is U;yanovsk subject to?", "statement": "Ulyanovsk is subject to Russia." }, { "answer": "North Caucasus", "id": 92027, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "the chechen republic is located in this region of Russia", "raw_question": "the chechen republic is located in this region of #1", "statement": "The Chechen Republic is located in the North Caucasus region of Russia." }, { "answer": "Azerbaijan", "id": 671797, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "North Caucasus >> country", "raw_question": "#2 >> country", "statement": "The North Caucasus region is not located in Azerbaijan." } ]

[ "az", "AZE" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Patricia Conroy was born on January 30, 1964 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Conroy was born to musical family which was influenced by her mother's Maritime country background and her father's Irish roots. As a young girl her musical interests led to piano and vocal lessons and performances in a local church and with her family band, the Shamrock Ceili Band. In the late 1980s, Conroy hooked up with local musicians in Vancouver, British Columbia and eventually entered a Battle of the Bands contest. Conroy ultimately won and received $10,000, which gave her the opportunity to record demos of some of her original material. By 1990, Conroy was approached by executives at Warner Music Canada, who signed her a record contract.", "title": "Patricia Conroy" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wallace Pike (22 December 1899 – 11 April 1999) was the last known Newfoundland World War I veteran. He enlisted as a volunteer in the Royal Newfoundland Regiment as an underage soldier. He saw action on the Western Front as a stretcher-bearer where he was wounded twice, once in the leg and once in the hand. At the end of his military service, he held the rank of private. He was honored by Newfoundland Premier Brian Tobin as a veteran who \"represented what would later become a Canadian tradition in times of conflict - that of humanitarian and life-saver\". France awarded Pike its highest accolade, The Legion of Honour. The award was commemorated in 1998 by French Ambassador Denis Bauchard who praised Pike saying, \"Through your courage you sealed forever the eternal bonds of friendship, solidarity and affection between our two countries.\" Wallace Pike died on April 11, 1999, aged 99 – just one month after the deaths of Newfoundland World War I veterans John Brinson and Alexander White.", "title": "Wallace Pike" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I'm Gonna Be Somebody\" is a song written by Jill Colucci and Stewart Harris, and recorded by American country music artist Travis Tritt. It released in May 1990 as the third single from his debut album \"Country Club\". It reached number 2 in the United States, behind Shenandoah's \"Next to You, Next to Me\", while it became his second number-one hit in Canada.", "title": "I'm Gonna Be Somebody" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Norris Arm is a town in north-central Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is in Division No. 6, on the Bay of Exploits.", "title": "Norris Arm" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Newfoundland pine marten (\"Martes americana atrata\") is a genetically distinct subspecies of the American marten (\"Martes americana\") found only on the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada; it is sometimes referred to as the \"American marten (Newfoundland population)\" and is one of only 14 species of land mammals native to the island. The marten was listed as endangered by the COSEWIC in 2001 and has been protected since 1934, however the population still declines. The Newfoundland marten has been geographically and reproductively isolated from the mainland marten population for 7000 years. The Newfoundland pine marten is similar in appearance to its continental cousin, but is slightly larger, with dark brown fur with an orange/yellow patch on the throat. Females are an average weight of 772 grams and males have an average weight of 1275 grams. The Newfoundland subspecies is also observed to inhabit a wider range of forest types than its mainland counterparts. The population characteristics suggest that the Newfoundland marten is a product of unique ecological setting and evolutionary selective factors acting on the isolated island population. The Newfoundland pine marten is omnivorous, feeding on mainly small mammals, along with birds, old carcasses, insects and fruits; it is currently found in suitable pockets of mature forest habitat, on the west coast of Newfoundland and in and around Terra Nova National Park. The Pine Marten Study Area (PMSA) is located in southwestern Newfoundland and is a 2078 km wildlife reserve that was created in 1973 to protect the Newfoundland Marten.", "title": "Newfoundland pine marten" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the Balfour Declaration at the 1926 Imperial Conference, Britain and its dominions agreed they were \"equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations\". The term \"Commonwealth\" was officially adopted to describe the community.These aspects to the relationship were formalised by the Statute of Westminster in 1931, which applied to Canada without the need for ratification, but Australia, New Zealand, and Newfoundland had to ratify the statute for it to take effect. Newfoundland never did, as on 16 February 1934, with the consent of its parliament, the government of Newfoundland voluntarily ended and governance reverted to direct control from London. Newfoundland later joined Canada as its 10th province in 1949. Australia and New Zealand ratified the Statute in 1942 and 1947 respectively.Although the Union of South Africa was not among the Dominions that needed to adopt the Statute of Westminster for it to take effect, two laws—the Status of the Union Act, 1934, and the Royal Executive Functions and Seals Act of 1934—were passed to confirm South Africa's status as a sovereign state.", "title": "Commonwealth of Nations" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``(Hey Wo n't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song ''is an American country and pop song made famous by B.J. Thomas. It won the 1976 Grammy Award for Best Country Song, awarded to its songwriters, Larry Butler and Chips Moman.", "title": "(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Western College is a private career college located in Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Founded in 1993, the college is a part of CompuCollege and an affiliate of Eastern College.", "title": "Western College, Stephenville, Newfoundland" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's \"the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country\". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English naval officers began to take censuses around 1675. The population would grow in the summers with the arrival of migratory fishermen. In 1680, fishing ships (mostly from South Devon) set up fishing rooms at St. John's, bringing hundreds of Irish men into the port to operate inshore fishing boats.", "title": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1976 the Diocese of Newfoundland was reorganised and three autonomous dioceses were created: Eastern Newfoundland and Labrador, Central Newfoundland, and Western Newfoundland.", "title": "Diocese of Newfoundland" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Busy Man\" is a song written by Bob ReganJulian Williams and George Teren, and recorded by American country music artist Billy Ray Cyrus. It was released in August 1998 as the second single from his album \"Shot Full of Love\". The song reached a peak of number 3 on the U.S. country singles charts in early 1999, becoming his first Top 10 hit since \"Somebody New\" in 1993 and his last until \"Ready, Set, Don't Go\" in 2008.", "title": "Busy Man" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somebody Loan Me a Dime is a 1974 studio album by blues singer and guitarist Fenton Robinson, his debut under the Alligator Records imprint. Blending together some elements of jazz with Chicago blues and Texas blues, the album was largely critically well received and is regarded as important within his discography. Among the album's tracks is a re-recording of his 1967 signature song, ``Somebody Loan Me a Dime '', which has become a blues standard. It has been reissued multiple times in the United States and Japan, including with bonus tracks.", "title": "Somebody Loan Me a Dime" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"She's Crazy for Leavin'\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in September 1988 as the third single from the album \"Diamonds & Dirt\". \"She's Crazy for Leavin'\" was Rodney Crowell's second number one country hit as a solo artist. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of 14 weeks on the country chart. It was written by Crowell and Guy Clark, who originally recorded it on his 1981 album \"The South Coast of Texas\", which Crowell produced.", "title": "She's Crazy for Leavin'" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bay du Nord Wilderness Reserve is located in central part of the Island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The area encompasses an area of 2,895 km and is considered one of the last remaining unspoiled areas of the province devoid of human habitat. It was officially created as a wilderness reserve in 1990.", "title": "Bay du Nord Wilderness Reserve" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somebody Wrote Love is the fourth studio album by Canadian country music artist George Canyon. In 2007, the album won Canyon a Juno Award for Country Recording of the Year.", "title": "Somebody Wrote Love" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lisa Stewart is the only album by American country music artist Lisa Stewart. It was released in January 1993 via BNA Records. The album includes the singles \"Somebody's in Love\", \"Under the Light of the Texaco\" and \"Drive Time\".", "title": "Lisa Stewart (album)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Somebody's Leavin'\" is a single by Canadian country music artist Patricia Conroy. Released in 1994, it was the first single from her album \"You Can't Resist\". The song reached #1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in December 1994.", "title": "Somebody's Leavin'" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I'm Somebody\" is a single by Canadian country music artist Charlie Major. Released in 1993, it was the second single Major's debut album, \"The Other Side\". The song reached #1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in December 1993.", "title": "I'm Somebody" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rencontre Bay is natural bay on the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is near Devil Bay.", "title": "Rencontre Bay" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Leavin's for Unbelievers\" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and Brent Maher, and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West. It was released in June 1980 as the third single from the album \"Special Delivery\". The song peaked at number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. \"Leavin's for Unbelievers\" was the third and final single spawned from West's 1979 album entitled, \"Special Delivery\".", "title": "Leavin's for Unbelievers" } ]

[ { "answer": "Patricia Conroy", "id": 548614, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Somebody's Leavin' >> performer", "raw_question": "Somebody's Leavin' >> performer", "statement": "Patricia Conroy was the performer of Somebody's Leavin'." }, { "answer": "Canada", "id": 104557, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Which country was Patricia Conroy in?", "raw_question": "Which country was #1 in?", "statement": "Patricia Conroy was in Canada." }, { "answer": "1949", "id": 161232, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "When did Newfoundland become part of Canada ?", "raw_question": "When did Newfoundland become part of #2 ?", "statement": "Newfoundland became part of Canada in 1949." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Charles Maynard House is a historic house at 459 Crafts Street in Newton, Massachusetts. The house was built in 1897, and is a fine local example of a Queen Anne Victorian with some Colonial Revival styling. It is also notable as the home of naturalist and taxidermist Charles Johnson Maynard. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.", "title": "Charles Maynard House" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Manuel Marín González (21 October 1949 – 4 December 2017) was a Spanish politician, former President of the Congress of Deputies of Spain. He was a long-time member of the European Commission, and acting President during the Santer Commission following the resignation of Jacques Santer. He is considered the father of the Erasmus Programme.", "title": "Manuel Marín" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael John Fles was born to a Dutch father, George Fles, and a British mother, Pearl Rimel. As conscious communists, his parents had moved to the Soviet Union, where his father fell victim to Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. The mother, pregnant with Michael John, left the Soviet Union to give birth in London. Mother and son later emigrated to the United States, where Pearl Rimel found employment in the aircraft industry. Michael John grew up in Los Angeles and Ojai, California, where he graduated from the Ojai Valley School in 1950.", "title": "Michael John Fles" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eleanor V. E. Sharpston, QC (born 1955) is an Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "title": "Eleanor V. E. Sharpston" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some early male settlers married Indigenous American women and had informal unions with them. Early contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was often charged with tension, but also had moments of friendship, cooperation, and intimacy. Marriages took place in both English and Latin colonies between European men and Native women. For instance, on April 5, 1614, Pocahontas, a Powhatan woman in present-day Virginia, married the Englishman John Rolfe of Jamestown. Their son Thomas Rolfe was an ancestor to many descendants in First Families of Virginia. As a result, English laws did not exclude people with some Indigenous American ancestry from being considered English or white.", "title": "Multiracial Americans" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to take control of any independent state in North or South America would be viewed as ``the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. ''At the same time, the doctrine noted that the U.S. would recognize and not interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. The Doctrine was issued on December 2, 1823 at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires.", "title": "Monroe Doctrine" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kristen Bell as Eleanor Shellstrop, a deceased saleswoman from Arizona who entered an afterlife utopia called ``The Good Place ''seemingly after being mistaken for a human rights lawyer by the same name. With the aid of her alleged soulmate, Chidi, she attempts to reform by learning about ethics, believing she still has a chance to earn a legitimate spot in The Good Place. Now that Eleanor knows about Michael's experiments and the memory wipes, Eleanor became the de facto leader in the group`` Team Cockroach'' after she makes a truce with Michael to keep Shawn from finding out about the reboots in exchange for helping the humans get to the Real Good Place.", "title": "The Good Place" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2009 European Cross Country Championships was a continental cross country running competition that was held on 13 December 2009 near Dublin city, Fingal in Ireland. Dublin was selected as the host city in 2007 and the event was the first time that a major European athletics championships took place in Ireland. The six men's and women's races in the championship programme took place in Santry Demense on a looped course with flat and grassy ground. The 16th edition of the European Cross Country Championships featured 323 athletes from 30 nations.", "title": "2009 European Cross Country Championships" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Scarlet Empress is a 1934 American historical drama film made by Paramount Pictures about the life of Catherine the Great. It was directed and produced by Josef von Sternberg from a screenplay by Eleanor McGeary, loosely based on the diary of Catherine arranged by Manuel Komroff.", "title": "The Scarlet Empress" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ted Danson as Michael, the architect of The Good Place where Eleanor and her fellow humans reside. In the first - season finale, it is discovered that he is a Bad Place demon who constructed a fake ``Good Place ''to torture Eleanor, Chidi, Tahani, and Jason. Unfortunately, he ends up repeatedly restarting his experiment due to Eleanor (and one time Jason) always figuring out that`` The Good Place'' is ``The Bad Place, ''leading to his routine failure, as well as hiding the constant resets from Shawn in order to avoid`` retirement''. As part of a truce he makes with Eleanor so his failing project will not be exposed and a chance to reform his behavior, Michael agrees to let the humans keep their memories and help them get into the true Good Place as well as to take Chidi's ethics lessons.", "title": "The Good Place" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born on 11 April 1348, Andronikos IV Palaiologos was the eldest son of Emperor John V Palaiologos by his wife Helena Kantakouzene. Already in 1352 he was associated as co-emperor with his father, and when John V left for Italy in 1369 to affirm his submission to the Pope, John left Andronikos behind in Constantinople as regent, while his younger son Manuel II Palaiologos was sent to govern Thessalonica.", "title": "Andronikos IV Palaiologos" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Macau was administered by the Portuguese Empire and its inheritor states from the mid-16th century until late 1999, when it constituted the last remaining European colony in Asia. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 1550s. In 1557, Macau was leased to Portugal from Ming China as a trading port. The Portuguese Empire administered the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty until 1887, when Macau became a colony through a mutual agreement between the two countries. Sovereignty over Macau was transferred back to China on 20 December 1999. The Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau and Macau Basic Law stipulate that Macau operate with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer.", "title": "Macau" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shortly after his birth, John was passed from Eleanor into the care of a wet nurse, a traditional practice for medieval noble families. Eleanor then left for Poitiers, the capital of Aquitaine, and sent John and his sister Joan north to Fontevrault Abbey. This may have been done with the aim of steering her youngest son, with no obvious inheritance, towards a future ecclesiastical career. Eleanor spent the next few years conspiring against her husband Henry and neither parent played a part in John's very early life. John was probably, like his brothers, assigned a magister whilst he was at Fontevrault, a teacher charged with his early education and with managing the servants of his immediate household; John was later taught by Ranulph Glanville, a leading English administrator. John spent some time as a member of the household of his eldest living brother Henry the Young King, where he probably received instruction in hunting and military skills.", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John VIII Palaiologos was the eldest son of Manuel II Palaiologos and Helena Dragaš, the daughter of the Serbian prince Constantine Dragaš. He was associated as co-emperor with his father before 1416 and became sole emperor in 1425.", "title": "John VIII Palaiologos" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His father, John (Jack) Truman Carter Jr. (Michael Gross) is caring but stiff, and very acquiescent with his wife until he gets tired of her being an ``emotional vampire ''and divorces her. He and Carter have an awkward relationship where they love each other but John does n't respect his father. Jack recognizes this and keeps some distance from him as a result of it. Carter's mother, Eleanor (Mary McDonnell), is emotionally distant and cold. Her personality was largely shaped because she blamed herself for Carter's older brother, Robert's death from leukemia. Carter eventually figures out that much of her sadness comes from this and they briefly become closer, but eventually Eleanor removes herself from any ties to her family after Jack divorces her, to the point where John has no idea how to reach her and she refuses to return a phone call he makes after Millicent Carter (who hated her) passes away.", "title": "John Carter (ER)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince John of the United Kingdom (John Charles Francis; 12 July 1905 – 18 January 1919) was the fifth son and youngest of the six children born to King George V and his wife, Queen Mary. At the time of John's birth, his father was the Prince of Wales and heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom, King Edward VII. In 1910, George succeeded to the throne upon Edward's death and John became fifth in the line of succession to the British throne.", "title": "Prince John of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast day of Saint John the Baptist. However, the exact locations of Cabot's landfalls are disputed. A series of expeditions to St. John's by Portuguese from the Azores took place in the early 16th century, and by 1540 French, Spanish and Portuguese ships crossed the Atlantic annually to fish the waters off the Avalon Peninsula. In the Basque Country, it is a common belief that the name of St. John's was given by Basque fishermen because the bay of St. John's is very similar to the Bay of Pasaia in the Basque Country, where one of the fishing towns is also called St. John (in Spanish, San Juan, and in Basque, Donibane).", "title": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Thorndike (February 23, 1611 or 1612 – interred 1668) was one of the first founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Other sources show his birth date as born February 1610/11.", "title": "John Thorndike" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Macao, China, the son of John William Roberts of the East India Company and was educated at Mr Styles' Classical Academy in Thames Ditton and at the Addiscombe Military Seminary for service in the East India Company (the HEIC).", "title": "Manuel John Johnson" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The youngest daughter of King Afonso IV of Portugal and Beatrice of Castile, Leonor was the granddaughter of King Denis and Elizabeth of Aragon and of Sancho IV of Castile and Maria de Molina and sister of King Peter I of Portugal.", "title": "Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Aragon" } ]

[ { "answer": "Macao", "id": 299857, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Manuel John Johnson >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Manuel John Johnson >> place of birth", "statement": "Macao was the place of birth of Manuel John Johnson." }, { "answer": "Portugal", "id": 69818, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Macao was a colony of what european country", "raw_question": "#1 was a colony of what european country", "statement": "Macao was a colony of Portugal." }, { "answer": "Afonso IV of Portugal", "id": 308059, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Eleanor of Portugal >> father", "raw_question": "Eleanor of #2 >> father", "statement": "Afonso IV of Portugal was the father of Eleanor of Portugal." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hilkot is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located to the north of Mansehra the district capital and south west of Batagram city and lies in an area affected by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake.", "title": "Hilkot" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh (, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Now-e Khāleṣeh; also known as Qal‘eh Now, Qal‘eh Now-e Ghār, and Qal‘eh-ye Nowghār) is a village in Qaleh Now Rural District, Qaleh Now District, Ray County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,718, in 1,195 families. The village is the seat of Qaleh Now District, established on 16 September 2012 and Qaleh Now Rural District.", "title": "Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh, Tehran" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ngopa is a town in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Ngopa R.D. Block, and it serves as headquarters for that block. It is also an important administrative centre containing important government offices. Ngopa is from the district's main city, Champhai, and from the state's capital city, Aizawl.", "title": "Ngopa" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qeshlaq-e Qaleh Now-e Amlak (, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Qal‘eh Now-e Amlāk; also known as Qeshlāq-e Qal‘eh Now and Qeshlāq Qal‘eh) is a village in Ferunabad Rural District, in the Central District of Pakdasht County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 407, in 89 families.", "title": "Qeshlaq-e Qaleh Now-e Amlak" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sierra Suroeste is a comarca (county, with no administrative role) located in southwestern province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, western Spain. Its capital and largest city is Jerez de los Caballeros.", "title": "Sierra Suroeste" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn.", "title": "Olsztyn Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colorado Territory was officially organized by Act of Congress on February 28, 1861, out of lands previously part of the Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories. Technically the territory was open to slavery under the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, but the question was rendered moot by the impending American Civil War and the majority pro-Union sentiment in the territory. The name \"Colorado\" was chosen for the territory. It had been previously suggested in 1850 by Senator Henry S. Foote as a name for a state to have been created out of present-day California south of 35° 45'. To the dismay of Denverites, the town of Colorado City was designated the first territorial capital, quickly succeeded by Golden. Denver eventually became the temporary territorial capital, but was not designated the permanent capital until 1881, five years after Colorado became a state.", "title": "Colorado Territory" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities. It is unusual among Australian cities, being an entirely planned city outside of any state, similar to Washington, D.C. in the United States, or Brasília in Brazil. Following an international contest for the city's design, a blueprint by American architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construction commenced in 1913. The Griffins' plan featured geometric motifs such as circles, hexagons and triangles, and was centred on axes aligned with significant topographical landmarks in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Canberra" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok was an administrative county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which is now in central Hungary, was slightly smaller than that of present Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The capital of the county was Szolnok.", "title": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County (former)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eastern Bengal and Assam was an administrative subdivision (province) of the British Raj between 1905 and 1912. Headquartered in the city of Dacca, it covered territories in what are now Bangladesh, Northeast India and Northern West Bengal.", "title": "Eastern Bengal and Assam" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qaleh Ganj County () is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Qaleh Ganj. It was separated from Kahnuj County in 2005. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 69,008, in 14,649 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District (محمد آباد) and Chah Dadkhoda District. The county has one city: Qaleh Ganj.", "title": "Qaleh Ganj County" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves. Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Siamak Koohnavard (; born 21 July 1984) is an Iranian Football player who currently plays for Bargh Jadid Shiraz FC of the Azadegan League.", "title": "Siamak Koohnavard" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baranya (, , / \"Baranja\", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County (former)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Congress organized the Utah Territory out of the ``State of Deseret ''in 1850, and a few months later on January 6, 1851 the city was formally organized as`` The City of the Great Salt Lake''. Originally, Fillmore, Utah was the territorial capital, but in 1856 it was moved to Salt Lake City, where it has stayed ever since. The city's name was officially changed to ``Salt Lake City ''at the same time.", "title": "History of Salt Lake City" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Desnianskyi District () is an administrative raion (district or borough) of the city of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It is located in the north-eastern part of the city on the Left Bank of the Dnieper River and is the most populous district of Kiev. It is also the second largest district with the total area of ca. 14.8 ha.", "title": "Desnianskyi District, Kiev" } ]

[ { "answer": "Iran", "id": 144140, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "In what city was Siamak Koohnavard born?", "raw_question": "In what city was Siamak Koohnavard born?", "statement": "Siamak Koohnavard was born in Iran." }, { "answer": "Tehran", "id": 35178, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "What city is Iran 's capital?", "raw_question": "What city is #1 's capital?", "statement": "Iran's capital is Tehran." }, { "answer": "Qaleh Now Rural District", "id": 686699, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh, Tehran >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh, #2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Qaleh Now-e Khaleseh is located in the Qaleh Now Rural District." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colorado Territory was officially organized by Act of Congress on February 28, 1861, out of lands previously part of the Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories. Technically the territory was open to slavery under the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, but the question was rendered moot by the impending American Civil War and the majority pro-Union sentiment in the territory. The name \"Colorado\" was chosen for the territory. It had been previously suggested in 1850 by Senator Henry S. Foote as a name for a state to have been created out of present-day California south of 35° 45'. To the dismay of Denverites, the town of Colorado City was designated the first territorial capital, quickly succeeded by Golden. Denver eventually became the temporary territorial capital, but was not designated the permanent capital until 1881, five years after Colorado became a state.", "title": "Colorado Territory" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves. Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Solomon (Persian: ملک سلیمان) is an Iranian religious/historical film series produced by Mojtaba Faravardeh and directed by Shahriar Bahrani who has made Saint Mary before. \"The Kingdom of Solomon\" was going to be released internationally on November 2010 after its screening in Iran, but due to some technicalities its global release has been delayed. The film tells the life story of Prophet Solomon, the King of Israelites. It is mostly based on the Islamic accounts of Solomon's prophetic life extracted from the Qur'an but it also draws upon parallels found in some Jewish texts.", "title": "The Kingdom of Solomon" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Get Up! Starring Mike Greenberg Michelle Beadle Jalen Rose Country of origin United States Production Location (s) New York City Running time 3 hours Release Original network ESPN Original release April 2, 2018 -- present", "title": "Get Up! (TV program)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the expressway to Kaduna.", "title": "Abuja" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Khosrowabad (, also Romanized as Khosrowābād) is a village in Jajrud Rural District, in the Jajrud District of Pardis County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,180, in 386 families. The village was chosen as the capital of Jajrud Rural District when it was created on December 29, 2012.", "title": "Khosrowabad, Tehran" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Veliko Tarnovo Municipality () is a municipality (\"obshtina\") in Veliko Tarnovo Province, Central-North Bulgaria, located mostly in the so-called Fore-Balkan area north of Stara planina mountain. It is named after its administrative centre - the old capital of the country, the city of Veliko Tarnovo which is also the main town of the province.", "title": "Veliko Tarnovo Municipality" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Monarchy (Hebrew: המלוכה המאוחדת ‬) is the name given to the Israelite kingdom of Israel and Judah, during the reigns of Saul, David and Solomon, as depicted in the Hebrew Bible. This is traditionally dated between 1050 and 930 BCE. On the succession of Solomon's son, Rehoboam, around 930 BCE, the biblical account reports that the country split into two kingdoms; the Kingdom of Israel (including the cities of Shechem and Samaria) in the north and the Kingdom of Judah (containing Jerusalem) in the south.", "title": "Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sierra Suroeste is a comarca (county, with no administrative role) located in southwestern province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, western Spain. Its capital and largest city is Jerez de los Caballeros.", "title": "Sierra Suroeste" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok was an administrative county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which is now in central Hungary, was slightly smaller than that of present Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The capital of the county was Szolnok.", "title": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County (former)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baranya (, , / \"Baranja\", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County (former)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Free Rein Genre Drama Created by Vicki Lutas Anna McCleery Starring Jaylen Barron Navia Robinson Kerry Ingram Manpreet Bambra Bruce Herbelin - Earle Freddy Carter Céline Buckens Carla Woodcock Natalie Gumede Geoffrey McGivern Opening theme ``No Matter ''by Basic Tape versus Frances Ending theme`` No Matter'' by Basic Tape versus Frances (Ep. 10 only) Country of origin United Kingdom Original language (s) English No. of series No. of episodes 20 Production Executive producer (s) Rebecca Hodgson Kate Little Claire Poyser Production location (s) United Kingdom Running time 25 -- 33 minutes Production company (s) Lime Pictures Netflix Release Original network Netflix Original release 22 June 2017 - present", "title": "Free Rein" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn.", "title": "Olsztyn Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Kingston Powerhouse" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monkey Life Genre Documentary Series Directed by Claudia Riccio / Natalie Wilkinson Narrated by Ralf Little Andy Serkis Composer (s) Joseph Metcalfe Country of origin United Kingdom Original language (s) English No. of series 9 No. of episodes 174 Production Location (s) Dorset, United Kingdom Running time 30 mins Production company (s) Primate Planet Productions Ltd / Athena Films Release Original network Channel Five Animal Planet Picture format 16: 9 576i (SDTV) 16: 9 1080i (HDTV) Audio format Stereo Original release 2007 -- present Chronology Preceded by Monkey Business Related shows Monkey Business 10 Years of Monkey Business", "title": "Monkey Life (TV series)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" } ]

[ { "answer": "Iran", "id": 106423, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "What country released The Kingdom of Solomon?", "raw_question": "What country released The Kingdom of Solomon?", "statement": "There is no answer to this question as the sub_ques is asking about the country that released The Kingdom of Solomon, but the sub_ans is Iran, which is not the correct answer." }, { "answer": "Tehran", "id": 35178, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What city is Iran 's capital?", "raw_question": "What city is #1 's capital?", "statement": "Tehran is the capital of Iran." }, { "answer": "Pardis County", "id": 826724, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Khosrowabad, Tehran >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Khosrowabad, #2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Khosrowabad is located in Pardis County." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lindsay is a city in Tulare County, California, United States. The population was 11,768 at the 2010 census. Lindsay is located southeast of Visalia and north of Porterville and is considered part of the Visalia-Porterville Metropolitan Area and the Porterville Urban Area by the United States Census Bureau.", "title": "Lindsay, California" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jennifer Lindsay Stone (born February 12, 1993) is an American actress. She is known for playing Harper Finkle on the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place, and the main character of Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars.", "title": "Jennifer Stone" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clear Water Bay Country Park is a rural country park located in the New Territories of eastern Hong Kong. The park is located near the beaches in Clear Water Bay. The 6.15 square kilometre park opened on 28 September 1979 with features like:", "title": "Clear Water Bay Country Park" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda.", "title": "Dallol (woreda)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sadler was born in Hackney, London. He was educated at Dulwich College, Merchant Taylors' School, London, and St John's College, Oxford (B.A., 1908; M.A., 1911). He was Pusey-Ellerton Hebrew scholar (1903), junior Kennicott Hebrew scholar (1907), won the junior Septuagint prize (1907) and graduated with second-class honours in Oriental languages (Hebrew and Assyrian).", "title": "Arthur Lindsay Sadler" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cape plc is a United Kingdom energy services company based in West Drayton, Middlesex. It was acquired by Altrad in September 2017.", "title": "Cape plc" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hackney was a parish in the historic county of Middlesex. The parish church of St John-at-Hackney was built in 1789, replacing the nearby former 16th-century parish church dedicated to St Augustine (pulled down in 1798). The original tower of that church was retained to hold the bells until the new church could be strengthened; the bells were finally removed to the new St John's in 1854. See details of other, more modern, churches within the original parish boundaries below.", "title": "Hackney (parish)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Galicia is further divided into 53 comarcas, 315 municipalities (93 in A Coruña, 67 in Lugo, 92 in Ourense, 62 in Pontevedra) and 3,778 parishes. Municipalities are divided into parishes, which may be further divided into aldeas (\"hamlets\") or lugares (\"places\"). This traditional breakdown into such small areas is unusual when compared to the rest of Spain. Roughly half of the named population entities of Spain are in Galicia, which occupies only 5.8 percent of the country's area. It is estimated that Galicia has over a million named places, over 40,000 of them being communities.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country. It is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment by a notion of direct control.", "title": "Foreign direct investment" } ]

[ { "answer": "Hackney", "id": 376496, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Arthur Lindsay Sadler >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Arthur Lindsay Sadler >> place of birth", "statement": "Arthur Lindsay Sadler was born in Hackney." }, { "answer": "Middlesex", "id": 782071, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Hackney >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Hackney is located in the administrative territorial entity of Middlesex." }, { "answer": "United Kingdom", "id": 738598, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Middlesex >> country", "raw_question": "#2 >> country", "statement": "Middlesex is in the United Kingdom." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a five - member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 1990, the prize is awarded on 10 December in Oslo City Hall each year. The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law (1947 -- 89), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905 -- 46), and the Parliament (1901 -- 04).", "title": "Nobel Peace Prize" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nowadays, France only recognizes French as an official language. Nevertheless, on 10 December 2007, the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales officially recognized Catalan as one of the languages of the department and seeks to further promote it in public life and education.", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Up to 1990, English, German and Afrikaans were official languages. Long before Namibia's independence from South Africa, SWAPO was of the opinion that the country should become officially monolingual, choosing this approach in contrast to that of its neighbour South Africa (which granted all 11 of its major languages official status), which was seen by them as \"a deliberate policy of ethnolinguistic fragmentation.\" Consequently, SWAPO instituted English as the sole official language of Namibia though only about 3% of the population speaks it as a home language. Its implementation is focused on the civil service, education and the broadcasting system. Some other languages have received semi-official recognition by being allowed as medium of instruction in primary schools. It is expected of private schools to follow the same policy as state schools, and \"English language\" is a compulsory subject. As in other postcolonial African societies, the push for monolingual instruction and policy has resulted in a high rate of school drop-outs and of individuals whose academic competence in any language is low.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marta Helena Nobel-Oleinikoff (Russian: Марта Людвиговна Нобель-Олейникова), née Marta Helena Nobel (9 October 1881, Saint Petersburg – 1973, Stockholm), was a Russian-Swedish physician and philanthropist and member of the Nobel family. She was the daughter of industrialist and humanitarian Ludvig Nobel and the niece of Alfred Nobel.", "title": "Marta Helena Nobel-Oleinikoff" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to those who have ``done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses ''.", "title": "Nobel Peace Prize" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of France in London is the diplomatic mission of France to the United Kingdom. Located just off Knightsbridge at Albert Gate, one of the entrances to Hyde Park, it is situated immediately opposite the Embassy of Kuwait.", "title": "Embassy of France, London" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize was funded by Alfred Nobel's personal fortune. According to the official sources, Alfred Nobel bequeathed from the shares 12% of his fortune to the Nobel Foundation that now forms the economic base of the Nobel Prize.", "title": "Nobel Prize" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages, are recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsatian in France, making it the second most-spoken regional language in the country (after Occitan). Like all regional languages in France, however, the transmission of Alsatian is on the decline. While 39% of the adult population of Alsace speaks Alsatian, only one in four children speaks it, and only one in ten children uses it regularly.", "title": "Alsace" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Playwright Àngel Guimerà was nominated twety-three times for the Nobel Prize in Literature, though he never won, due to controversy about the political significance of the gesture. He was a candidate for the Nobel Prize in 1904, to be shared with the Provençal writer Frédéric Mistral, in recognition of their contributions to literature in non-official languages. Political pressure from Spain central government having made this prize impossible, it was eventually awarded to Mistral and to the Spanish language playwright José de Echegaray.", "title": "Àngel Guimerà" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a five - member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 1990, the prize is awarded on 10 December in Oslo City Hall each year. The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law (1947 -- 1989), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905 -- 1946), and the Parliament (1901 -- 1904).", "title": "Nobel Peace Prize" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed.", "title": "Embassy of Bulgaria, London" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Foundation () is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes. The Foundation is based on the last will of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite.", "title": "Nobel Foundation" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Swedish evolved from Old Norse around the 14th and 15th century, and historically, the Swedish dialects were generally much more different than today. Since the 20th century Standard Swedish prevails throughout the country. The Scandinavian languages constitute a dialectal continuum and some of the traditional Swedish dialects could equally be described as Danish (Scanian) or Norwegian (Jamtlandic).", "title": "Languages of Sweden" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Stock Exchange Building () is a building originally erected for the Stockholm Stock Exchange between 1773 and 1778 from construction drawings by Erik Palmstedt. The stock exchange moved out of the building completely in 1998. It is located on the north side of the square Stortorget in Gamla stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden, and owned by the city council. Since 1914 it has been the home of the Swedish Academy, which uses the building for its meetings, such as those at which it selects and announces the name of the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature. The building also houses the Nobel Museum and the Nobel Library.", "title": "Stockholm Stock Exchange Building" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of France in Stockholm is the diplomatic mission of the French Republic in Sweden. The chancery is located at Kommendörsgatan 13.", "title": "Embassy of France, Stockholm" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Stockholm, Alfred Nobel was the third son of Immanuel Nobel (1801–1872), an inventor and engineer, and Carolina Andriette (Ahlsell) Nobel (1805–1889). The couple married in 1827 and had eight children. The family was impoverished, and only Alfred and his three brothers survived past childhood. Through his father, Alfred Nobel was a descendant of the Swedish scientist Olaus Rudbeck (1630–1702), and in his turn the boy was interested in engineering, particularly explosives, learning the basic principles from his father at a young age. Alfred Nobel's interest in technology was inherited from his father, an alumnus of Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.", "title": "Alfred Nobel" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Nobel (; ; born 1931) is a Swedish human rights lawyer and a member of the Nobel family, who served as Sweden's first Ombudsman for discrimination (1986–1991), Secretary General of the Swedish Red Cross (1991–94), and an expert for the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (1998–2001).", "title": "Peter Nobel" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation.", "title": "List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The prize was established in 1968 by a donation from Sweden's central bank, the Swedish National Bank, on the bank's 300th anniversary. Although it is not one of the prizes that Alfred Nobel established in his will in 1895, it is referred to along with the other Nobel Prizes by the Nobel Foundation. Laureates are announced with the other Nobel Prize laureates, and receive the award at the same ceremony.", "title": "Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emil Oskar Nobel (; ; also Oscar; 1843 – 3 September 1864) was a member of the Nobel family, the youngest son of Immanuel Nobel, and of his wife Caroline Andrietta Ahlsell. He was the brother of Robert Nobel, Ludvig Nobel and Alfred Nobel. He was the only one of the Nobel family to go to college, going to the Swedish University of Uppsala. Emil died on September 3, 1864, the victim of an explosion while experimenting with nitroglycerine in his father's factory in Heleneborg, Stockholm. His brother Alfred later managed to stabilize dynamite with a diatomaceous earth called kieselguhr. Alfred was not in the factory at the time of Emil’s death.", "title": "Emil Oskar Nobel" } ]

[ { "answer": "Stockholm", "id": 144056, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "In what city was Alfred Nobel born?", "raw_question": "In what city was Alfred Nobel born?", "statement": "Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm." }, { "answer": "Sweden", "id": 548045, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Embassy of France, Stockholm >> country", "raw_question": "Embassy of France, #1 >> country", "statement": "The Embassy of France is in Stockholm, which is in the country of Sweden." }, { "answer": "20th century", "id": 64745, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "when did swedish become the official language of Sweden", "raw_question": "when did swedish become the official language of #2", "statement": "Swedish became the official language of Sweden in the 20th century." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Rhode Island (also known as the Battle of Quaker Hill and the Battle of Newport) took place on August 29, 1778. Continental Army and militia forces under the command of General John Sullivan had been besieging the British forces in Newport, Rhode Island, which is situated on Aquidneck Island, but they had finally abandoned their siege and were withdrawing to the northern part of the island. The British forces then sortied, supported by recently arrived Royal Navy ships, and they attacked the retreating Americans. The battle ended inconclusively, but the Continental forces withdrew to the mainland and left Aquidneck Island in British hands.", "title": "Battle of Rhode Island" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Plymouth Colony was founded by a group of Puritan Separatists initially known as the Brownist Emigration, who came to be known as the Pilgrims. It was one of the earliest successful colonies to be founded by the English in North America, along with Jamestown and other settlements in Virginia, and was the first sizable permanent English settlement in the New England region. The colony was able to establish a treaty with Chief Massasoit which helped to ensure its success; in this, they were aided by Squanto, a Native American of the Patuxet people. It played a central role in King Philip's War (1675 -- 78), one of several Indian Wars. Ultimately, the colony was merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony and other territories in 1691 to form the Province of Massachusetts Bay.", "title": "Plymouth Colony" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The phrase \"[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world\" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description of the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government, in an 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptists (a religious minority concerned about the dominant position of the Congregationalist church in Connecticut):", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orient Baptist Church, also known as First Baptist Church of Laurelton, is a historic Baptist church on New Jersey Route 88 in the Laurelton section of Brick Township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States.", "title": "Orient Baptist Church" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baptist missionary work in Canada began in the British colony of Nova Scotia (present day Nova Scotia and New Brunswick) in the 1760s. The first official record of a Baptist church in Canada was that of the Horton Baptist Church (now Wolfville) in Wolfville, Nova Scotia on 29 October 1778. The church was established with the assistance of the New Light evangelist Henry Alline. Many of Alline's followers, after his death, would convert and strengthen the Baptist presence in the Atlantic region.[page needed] Two major groups of Baptists formed the basis of the churches in the Maritimes. These were referred to as Regular Baptist (Calvinistic in their doctrine) and Free Will Baptists.", "title": "Baptists" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Thirteen Colonies were a group of British colonies on the east coast of North America founded in the 17th and 18th centuries that declared independence in 1776 and formed the United States of America. The Thirteen Colonies had very similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, and were dominated by Protestant English - speakers. They were part of Britain's possessions in the New World, which also included colonies in Canada and the Caribbean, as well as East and West Florida.", "title": "Thirteen Colonies" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Historians trace the earliest church labeled Baptist back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership, as did the preachers' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery, which had been part of the 18th-century teachings. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent.", "title": "Protestantism" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The dollar was first based on the value and look of the Spanish dollar, used widely in Spanish America from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The first dollar coins issued by the United States Mint (founded 1792) were similar in size and composition to the Spanish dollar, minted in Mexico and Peru. The Spanish, U.S. silver dollars, and later, Mexican silver pesos circulated side by side in the United States, and the Spanish dollar and Mexican peso remained legal tender until the Coinage Act of 1857. The coinage of various English colonies also circulated. The lion dollar was popular in the Dutch New Netherland Colony (New York), but the lion dollar also circulated throughout the English colonies during the 17th century and early 18th century. Examples circulating in the colonies were usually worn so that the design was not fully distinguishable, thus they were sometimes referred to as \"dog dollars\".", "title": "United States dollar" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As early as the late 18th century, black Baptists began to organize separate churches, associations and mission agencies, especially in the northern states. Not only did blacks set up some independent congregations in the South before the American Civil War, freedmen quickly separated from white congregations and associations after the war. They wanted to be free of white supervision. In 1866 the Consolidated American Baptist Convention, formed from black Baptists of the South and West, helped southern associations set up black state conventions, which they did in Alabama, Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky. In 1880 black state conventions united in the national Foreign Mission Convention, to support black Baptist missionary work. Two other national black conventions were formed, and in 1895 they united as the National Baptist Convention. This organization later went through its own changes, spinning off other conventions. It is the largest black religious organization and the second largest Baptist organization in the world. Baptists are numerically most dominant in the Southeast. In 2007, the Pew Research Center's Religious Landscape Survey found that 45% of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations, with the vast majority of those being within the historically black tradition.", "title": "Baptists" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pilgrims or Pilgrim Fathers were early European settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present - day Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States. The Pilgrims' leadership came from the religious congregations of Brownist separatist Puritans who had fled the volatile political environment in England for the relative calm and tolerance of 16th -- 17th century Holland in the Netherlands. The Pilgrims held Puritan Calvinist religious beliefs but, unlike other Puritans, they maintained that their congregations needed to be separated from the English state church. As a separatist group, they were also concerned that they might lose their English cultural identity if they remained in the Netherlands, so they arranged with English investors to establish a new colony in North America. The colony was established in 1620 and became the second successful English settlement in North America (after the founding of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607). The Pilgrims' story became a central theme of the history and culture of the United States.", "title": "Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Baptist Church in America is the First Baptist Church of Providence, Rhode Island, also known as the First Baptist Meetinghouse. It is the oldest Baptist church congregation in the United States, founded by Roger Williams in Providence, Rhode Island in 1638. The present church building was erected in 1774 -- 75 and held its first meetings in May 1775. It is located at 75 North Main Street in Providence's College Hill neighborhood and is a National Historic Landmark.", "title": "First Baptist Church in America" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Odeon Cinemas Limited Type Subsidiary Founded 1930 Founder Oscar Deutsch Number of locations 122 (United Kingdom) 11 (Ireland) Area served United Kingdom, Ireland and Norway Key people Mark Way (Group chief executive officer) Owner AMC Theatres Parent Odeon Cinemas Group Website www.odeon.co.uk www.odeoncinemas.ie", "title": "Odeon Cinemas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KOLU (90.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format. Licensed to Pasco, Washington, United States, the station is currently owned by First Baptist Church of Riverview.", "title": "KOLU" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Thirteen Colonies were a group of British colonies on the east coast of North America founded in the 17th and 18th centuries that declared independence in 1776 and formed the United States of America. The Thirteen Colonies had very similar political, constitutional, and legal systems and were dominated by Protestant English - speakers. They were part of Britain's possessions in the New World, which also included colonies in Canada and the Caribbean, as well as East and West Florida.", "title": "Thirteen Colonies" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historians trace the earliest church labeled ``Baptist ''back to 1609 in Amsterdam, Dutch Republic with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law, so that individuals might have freedom of religion. Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious persecution of English dissenters under King James I. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening contributed to Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century greatly increased church membership. Baptist missionaries have spread their faith to every continent.", "title": "Baptists" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historians trace the earliest church labeled \"Baptist\" back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership, as did the preachers' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery, which had been part of the 18th-century teachings. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent.", "title": "Baptists" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr Harold B. Sightler was founder of Tabernacle Baptist Church, Christian School, College, Children's Home, Tabernacle Baptist Missions International, WTBI, and Widows Homes in Greenville, SC, United States.", "title": "Harold B. Sightler" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nigerian nationalism asserts that Nigerians are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Nigerians. Nigerian nationalism is a territorial nationalism, emphasizing a cultural connection of the people to the land -- in particular the Niger and Benue rivers. It first emerged in the 1920s under the influence of Herbert Macaulay who is considered the founder of Nigerian nationalism. It was founded because of the belief in the necessity for the people living in the British colony of Nigeria of multiple backgrounds to unite as one people in order to be able to resist colonialism. The people of Nigeria came together as they recognized the discrepancies of British policy. ``The problem of ethnic nationalism in Nigeria came with the advent of colonialism. This happened when disparate, autonomous, heterogeneous and sub - national groups were merged together to form a nation. Again, the colonialists created structural imbalances within the nation in terms of socio - economic projects, social development and establishment of administrative centres. This imbalance deepened the antipathies between the various ethnic nationalities in Nigeria (Nnoli, 1980; Y oung, 1993 and Aluko, 1998). ''The Nigerian nationalists' goal of achieving an independent sovereign state of Nigeria was achieved in 1960 when Nigeria declared its independence and British colonial rule ended. Nigeria's government has sought to unify the various peoples and regions of Nigeria since the country's independence in 1960.", "title": "Nigerian nationalism" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James McLemore (1782–1834) was a white Baptist minister in Montgomery, Alabama. He was a leader of the Alabama Baptist Association and founder of a number of churches. He is known also for having an African American associate minister, the slave Caesar Blackwell.", "title": "James McLemore" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Alton Graham (November 6, 1920 – September 24, 2007) was an American equal rights leader, one of the inaugural group of five members of the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). He was the founding director of the National Teachers Corps He was also one of the founders of the National Organization for Women (NOW), becoming one of its initial officers.", "title": "Richard Alton Graham" } ]

[ { "answer": "Roger Williams", "id": 37727, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Who founded the first Baptist group in what is now the United States?", "raw_question": "Who founded the first Baptist group in what is now the United States?", "statement": "Roger Williams formed the first Baptist group in what is now the United States." }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "id": 37586, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What colony was Roger Williams the founder of?", "raw_question": "What colony was #1 the founder of?", "statement": "Roger Williams was the founder of Rhode Island." }, { "answer": "August 29, 1778", "id": 81010, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "why did the battle of Rhode Island happen", "raw_question": "why did the battle of #2 happen", "statement": "The Battle of Rhode Island happened on August 29, 1778." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millennials (also known as Generation Y) are the generational demographic cohort following Generation X. There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years. Millennials are sometimes referred to as ``echo boomers ''due to a major surge in birth rates in the 1980s and 1990s, and because millennials are often the children of the baby boomers. The 20th - century trend toward smaller families in developed countries continued, however, so the relative impact of the`` baby boom echo'' was generally less pronounced than the post -- World War II baby boom.", "title": "Millennials" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pendulum, the Pit and Hope () is a 1983 Czechoslovak animated short film directed by Jan Švankmajer, adapted from Edgar Allan Poe's story \"The Pit and the Pendulum\" and Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam's story \"A Torture by Hope\".", "title": "The Pendulum, the Pit and Hope" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The general selection process of each season is begun by the production team with open auditions held in various cities across the United States. Dubbed ``Producers' Auditions '', they are held months before the main stage of auditions are held. Those that make it through the initial stage, become participants in the`` Judges' Auditions'', which are held in select cities across the country, and attended by the judges. Each participant is held offstage and awaits their turn to perform before the judges, whereupon they are given 90 seconds to demonstrate their act, with a live audience present for all performances. At the end of a performance, the judges give constructive criticism and feedback about what they saw, whereupon they each give a vote - a participant who receives a majority vote approving their performance, moves on to the next stage, otherwise they are eliminated from the programme at that stage. Each judge is given a buzzer, and may use it during a performance if they are unimpressed, hate what is being performed, or feel the act is a waste of their time; if a participant is buzzed by all judges, their performance is automatically over and they are eliminated without being given a vote. Many acts that move on may be cut by producers and may forfeit due to the limited slots available for the second performance. Filming for each season always takes place when the Judges' Auditions are taking place, with the show's presenter standing in the wings of each venue's stage to interview and give personal commentary on a participant's performance.", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas.", "title": "Christmas" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Friends in Low Places ''is a song performed by American country pop artist Garth Brooks. It was released on August 6, 1990 as the lead single from his album No Fences. The song spent four weeks at number one on the Hot Country Songs, and won both the Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association awards for 1990 Single of the Year.", "title": "Friends in Low Places" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Acer negundo\" 'Pendulum', or weeping boxelder maple, is a weeping tree and a cultivar of \"Acer negundo\", the boxelder maple. It was first described by Fritz Kurt Alexander von Schwerin in 1896. No trees are known to survive of this cultivar.", "title": "Acer negundo 'Pendulum'" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "title": "Birth control movement in the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements.", "title": "International Who's Who in Music" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "5 RipCord 2002 Skycoaster Over 48 ''Upcharge attraction. Takes 1 - 3 riders 183 feet (56 m) in the air before plunging them in a pendulum motion.", "title": "Michigan's Adventure" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"England Swings (Like a Pendulum Do)\" is a 1965 country music song written and performed by Roger Miller. The single was Miller's eleventh hit on the US country chart where it peaked at number three. On the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, it peaked at number eight and was Miller's second number one on the Easy Listening chart. Petula Clark (from the \"Colour My World\" album) and Pat Boone both released cover versions in 1967.", "title": "England Swings" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song \"Flying Without Wings\" with his single release from the show \"This Is the Night\", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An icon in his country of birth, Ycaza's success inspired other diminutive Panamanian youngsters to pursue a career as a jockey. In 1962, \"Sports Illustrated\" magazine published an article about the \"Spanish invasion\" of American Thoroughbred horse racing led by Ycaza.", "title": "Manuel Ycaza" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pendulum is a solo album by German double bassist and composer Eberhard Weber recorded in 1993 and released on the ECM label. Weber uses overdubbing and an echo unit to enhance the sound of his bass.", "title": "Pendulum (Eberhard Weber album)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eberhard Weber (born 22 January 1940 in Stuttgart) is a German double bassist and composer. As a bass player, he is known for his highly distinctive tone and phrasing. Weber's compositions blend chamber jazz, European classical music, minimalism and ambient music, and are regarded as characteristic examples of the ECM Records sound.", "title": "Eberhard Weber" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Schiehallion experiment was repeated in 1856 by Henry James, director-general of the Ordnance Survey, who instead used the hill Arthur's Seat in central Edinburgh. With the resources of the Ordnance Survey at his disposal, James extended his topographical survey to a 21-kilometre radius, taking him as far as the borders of Midlothian. He obtained a density of about 5,300 kg·m−3.An experiment in 2005 undertook a variation of the 1774 work: instead of computing local differences in the zenith, the experiment made a very accurate comparison of the period of a pendulum at the top and bottom of Schiehallion. The period of a pendulum is a function of g, the local gravitational acceleration. The pendulum is expected to run more slowly at altitude, but the mass of the mountain will act to reduce this difference. This experiment has the advantage of being considerably easier to conduct than the 1774 one, but to achieve the desired accuracy, it is necessary to measure the period of the pendulum to within one part in one million. This experiment yielded a value of the mass of the Earth of 8.1 ± 2.4 × 1024 kg, corresponding to a mean density of 7,500 ± 1,900 kg·m−3.A modern re-examination of the geophysical data was able to take account of factors the 1774 team could not. With the benefit of a 120-km radius digital elevation model, greatly improved knowledge of the geology of Schiehallion, and in particular a computer, a 2007 report produced a mean Earth density of 5,480 ± 250 kg·m−3. When compared to the modern figure of 5,515 kg·m−3, it stood as a testament to the accuracy of Maskelyne's astronomical observations.", "title": "Schiehallion experiment" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Kodish is a professional drummer raised in Willesden, London. Kodish has performed with a variety of different artists, including the hip hop act Whodini in 1986, and the drum and bass group Bad Company. He was also one of two drummers for the electronica band Apollo 440 between 1997 and 2005 and the drummer in the Australian-British drum and bass band Pendulum between 2006 and 2009. Kodish spent a short time in 2010 drumming with the Liverpool band Killaflaw, performing at several concerts and drumming for their debut album \"Sleaze and Grit\". He currently supports DJ Fresh's crew on their FRESH/Live tour.", "title": "Paul Kodish" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Stuttgart is a city in and the county seat of the northern district of Arkansas County, Arkansas, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 79, approximately southeast of Little Rock. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 9,326.", "title": "Stuttgart, Arkansas" } ]

[ { "answer": "Eberhard Weber", "id": 266733, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Pendulum >> performer", "raw_question": "Pendulum >> performer", "statement": "Eberhard Weber is the performer of Pendulum." }, { "answer": "Stuttgart", "id": 687783, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Eberhard Weber >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Eberhard Weber was born in Stuttgart." }, { "answer": "U.S.", "id": 377423, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Stuttgart >> country", "raw_question": "#2 >> country", "statement": "Stuttgart is in the U.S." } ]

[ "the US", "America", "U.S", "the United States", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Louis Bernays (/ bərˈneɪz /; German: (bɛɐ̯ˈnaɪs); November 22, 1891 − March 9, 1995) was an Austrian - American pioneer in the field of public relations and propaganda, referred to in his obituary as ``the father of public relations ''. Bernays was named one of the 100 most influential Americans of the 20th century by Life. He was the subject of a full length biography by Larry Tye called The Father of Spin (1999) and later an award - winning 2002 documentary for the BBC by Adam Curtis called The Century of the Self. More recently, Bernays is noted as the great - uncle of Netflix co-founder, Marc Randolph.", "title": "Edward Bernays" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Great Cities' Universities' nineteen member institutions are public universities located in urban areas in the United States. The consortium engages in public-private partnerships to explore and address urban issues, such as those related to education, housing, environment, criminal justice, transportation, health care, workforce development, and economic stimulation.", "title": "Great Cities' Universities" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Major General Asif Ghafoor is a Pakistani two - star general who is the current director - general of the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), the media wing of the Pakistan Armed Forces. Previously, he commanding a division in Swat.", "title": "Asif Ghafoor" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ethan studied photography and filmmaking as an undergraduate at Harvard where he met the writer/director Andrew Bujalski in an introductory film class. Ethan would later producing Bujalski's feature films, Funny Ha Ha (2003), Mutual Appreciation (2005) and Beeswax (2009) which were distributed internationally to critical acclaim. Funny Ha Ha is considered the first \"Mumblecore\" film and was recognized as one of the 10 most culturally, commercially or technologically important, consequential or groundbreaking films of 2000-9\" by A.O. Scott, a chief film critic in the New York Times.", "title": "Ethan Vogt" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Post-9 / 11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 is Title V of the Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110 -- 252, H.R. 2642, an Act of Congress which became law on June 30, 2008. The act amended Part III of Title 38, United States Code to include a new Chapter 33, which expands the educational benefits for military veterans who have served since September 11, 2001. At various times the new education benefits have been referred to as the Post-9 / 11 GI Bill, the 21st Century G.I. Bill of Rights, or the Webb G.I. Bill, with many current references calling it simply the new G.I. Bill. President George W. Bush signed H.R. 2642 into law on June 30, 2008.", "title": "Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Édouard Charton (11 May 1807 – 27 February 1890) was an eminent French literary figure who was the founder and, for fifty-five years (1833–88), editor-in-chief of the publication \"Magasin pittoresque\", in addition to serving for thirty years (1860–90) as director of publication for Hachette.", "title": "Édouard Charton" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ek Anek Aur Ekta or \"One, Many, and Unity\" (also known as \"Ek Chidiya, Anek Chidiyan\" after the title song) is a traditionally animated short educational film released by the Films Division of India (Government of India). It was released in 1974. It was aired on the public broadcaster channel Doordarshan and became very popular among children.", "title": "Ek Anek Aur Ekta" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation. This can be explained by the fact that as the poor people in the society become more wealthy, it increases their yearly carbon emissions. This relation is expressed by the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC).[not in citation given] It should be noted here however that in certain cases, with great economic inequality, there is nonetheless not more waste and pollution created as the waste/pollution is cleaned up better afterwards (water treatment, filtering, ...).... Also note that the whole of the increase in environmental degradation is the result of the increase of emissions per person being multiplied by a multiplier. If there were fewer people however, this multiplier would be lower, and thus the amount of environmental degradation would be lower as well. As such, the current high level of population has a large impact on this as well. If (as WWF argued), population levels would start to drop to a sustainable level (1/3 of current levels, so about 2 billion people), human inequality can be addressed/corrected, while still not resulting in an increase of environmental damage.", "title": "Economic inequality" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with special needs, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and distance learning. The island has a public library (the oldest in the Southern Hemisphere) and a mobile library service which operates weekly rural areas.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Neelakanta Ramakrishna Madhava Menon (born 4 May 1935) is an Indian legal educator, considered by many as the father of modern legal education in India. He is the founder Director of the National Law School of India University (NLSIU) and the National Judicial Academy, Bhopal and the founder Vice Chancellor of the West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (NUJS). Menon was honored by the Government of India, in 2003, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri.", "title": "N. R. Madhava Menon" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leibniz describes a space that exists only as a relation between objects, and which has no existence apart from the existence of those objects. Motion exists only as a relation between those objects. Newtonian space provided the absolute frame of reference within which objects can have motion. In Newton's system, the frame of reference exists independently of the objects contained within it. These objects can be described as moving in relation to space itself. For many centuries, the evidence of a concave water surface held authority.", "title": "Philosophy of space and time" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education. Higher education, also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,627 Title IV degree - granting institutions, either colleges or universities in the country. These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for - profit colleges.", "title": "Higher education in the United States" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Most textbooks date the establishment of the ``Publicity Bureau ''in 1900 as the start of the modern public relations (PR) profession. Of course, there were many early forms of public influence and communications management in history. Basil Clarke is considered the founder of the public relations profession in Britain with his establishment of Editorial Services in 1924. Academic Noel Turnball points out that systematic PR was employed in Britain first by religious evangelicals and Victorian reformers, especially opponents of slavery. In each case the early promoters focused on their particular movement and were not for hire more generally.", "title": "History of public relations" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Results is a 2015 indie romantic comedy film written and directed by Andrew Bujalski. The film stars Guy Pearce, Cobie Smulders, Kevin Corrigan, Giovanni Ribisi, Brooklyn Decker, Anthony Michael Hall, and Constance Zimmer.", "title": "Results (film)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sut Jhally (born 1955) is a professor of communication at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, whose work focuses on cultural studies, advertising, media, and consumption. He is the producer of over 40 documentaries on media literacy topics and the founder and executive director of the Media Education Foundation.", "title": "Sut Jhally" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Massoud Nawabi (1954–2010; Persian: مسعود نوابی-; alternative spellings: Masood Nawabi) also known as Ustad Nawabi, was an Afghan poet, writer, Director as well as a cultural personality, founder of Educational Committee for Afghan Refugees (ECAR), Afghan Cultural Center, Ghulam Habib Nawabi, Chief Administrator of the Afghan Ibn-e-Sina University and Principle of Ariana Mahajir High School. Massoud Nawabi was the Son of Ghulam Habib Nawabi, who was the last of the great Persian Poet and among the first to introduce modern Dari poetry to Afghanistan.", "title": "Massoud Nawabi" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alberico Gentili (January 14, 1552June 19, 1608) was an Italian lawyer, jurist, and a former standing advocate to the Spanish Embassy in London, who served as the Regius professor of civil law at the University of Oxford for 21 years. Recognised as the founder of the science of international law alongside Francisco de Vitoria and Hugo Grotius, Gentili is perhaps one of the most influential people in legal education ever to have lived. He is one of the three men referred to as the \"Father of international law\". Gentili has been the earliest writer on public international law and the first person to split secularism from canon law and Roman Catholic theology. In 1587, he became the first non-English Regius Professor.", "title": "Alberico Gentili" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born at Burlington, Vermont. Like his younger brother, John Dewey, he was educated at the University of Vermont and Johns Hopkins University. He later became professor of economics and statistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was chairman of the Massachusetts state board on the question of the unemployed (1895), member of the Massachusetts commission on public, charitable, and reformatory interests (1897), special expert agent on wages for the 12th census, and member of a state commission (1904) on industrial relations.", "title": "Davis Rich Dewey" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "María Isabel Studer Noguez is Executive Director for Mexico and Northern Central America of The Nature Conservancy. She was Director General for International Economic Cooperation at the Mexican Agency for International Cooperation, where she launched the Partnership for Sustainability with the aim of engaging the private sector in developing public-private projects around the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. For almost a decade, she was a professor and researcher in international relations at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (Tec de Monterrey), principally working as the director of the Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad (IGS), formerly the Centro de Diálogo y Análysis sobre América del Norte (CEDAN). She began her academic career working in international relations and has held positions in both Mexico and the United States teaching, researching, advising and writing on topics related to international relations, especially in North America, business and environmental issues. Her publications include books, scholarly articles as well as articles and columns for various media.", "title": "María Isabel Studer Noguez" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term ``collective bargaining ''was first used in 1891 by Beatrice Webb, a founder of the field of industrial relations in Britain. It refers to the sort of collective negotiations and agreements that had existed since the rise of trade unions during the 18th century.", "title": "Collective bargaining" } ]

[ { "answer": "Andrew Bujalski", "id": 756109, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Results >> director", "raw_question": "Results >> director", "statement": "Andrew Bujalski, the director of Results, did not drop out of his alma mater." }, { "answer": "Harvard", "id": 490280, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Andrew Bujalski >> educated at", "raw_question": "#1 >> educated at", "statement": "Andrew Bujalski was educated at Harvard." }, { "answer": "Basil Clarke", "id": 85185, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "who dropped out of Harvard and became the person many refer to as the founder of public relations", "raw_question": "who dropped out of #2 and became the person many refer to as the founder of public relations", "statement": "Basil Clarke dropped out of Harvard and became the person many refer to as the founder of public relations." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre. In March 2015 IMAX corporation announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas, following Skyfall's success with the company. In the UK it received a wider release than Skyfall, with a minimum of 647 cinemas including 40 IMAX screens, compared to Skyfall's 587 locations and 21 IMAX screens.", "title": "Spectre (2015 film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Law of the Border\" was the beginning of \"New Cinema\" in Turkey; it was realistic, and focused on social and economic problems and was a 180 turn from the non-realistic movies made in Turkey before it. While not to be placed in the Euro western or spaghetti western categories, the film is along the lines of a western picture.", "title": "Law of the Border" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schäuble was born in Freiburg im Breisgau, as the son of a tax finance advisor. He is the middle brother of three. After completing his Abitur in 1961, Schäuble studied law and economics at the University of Freiburg and the University of Hamburg, which he completed in 1966 and 1970 by passing the First and Second State Examinations respectively, becoming a fully qualified lawyer.", "title": "Wolfgang Schäuble" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite being an original story, Spectre draws on Ian Fleming's source material, most notably in the character of Franz Oberhauser, played by Christoph Waltz. Oberhauser shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser, a background character in the short story \"Octopussy\" from the Octopussy and The Living Daylights collection, and who is named in the film as having been a temporary legal guardian of a young Bond in 1983. Similarly, Charmian Bond is shown to have been his full-time guardian, observing the back story established by Fleming. With the acquisition of the rights to Spectre and its associated characters, screenwriters Neal Purvis and Robert Wade revealed that the film would provide a minor retcon to the continuity of the previous films, with the Quantum organisation alluded to in Casino Royale and introduced in Quantum of Solace reimagined as a division within Spectre rather than an independent organisation.", "title": "Spectre (2015 film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Road to Perdition is a 2002 American crime film directed by Sam Mendes. The screenplay was adapted by David Self from the graphic novel of the same name by Max Allan Collins. The film stars Tom Hanks, Paul Newman, Jude Law, and Daniel Craig. The plot takes place in 1931, during the Great Depression, following a mob enforcer and his son as they seek vengeance against a mobster who murdered the rest of their family.", "title": "Road to Perdition" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Opening Titles: James Bond Is Back / From Russia with Love / James Bond Theme ''(different arrangement from that heard in the film)`` Tania Meets Klebb'' ``Meeting in St. Sophia ''`` The Golden Horn'' * ``Girl Trouble ''`` Bond Meets Tania'' ``007 ''`` Gypsy Camp'' ``Death of Grant ''`` From Russia with Love'' -- Matt Monro ``Spectre Island ''`` Guitar Lament'' * ``Man Overboard / SMERSH in Action ''`` James Bond with Bongos'' ``Stalking ''`` Leila Dances'' * ``Death of Kerim ''`` 007 Takes the Lektor''", "title": "From Russia with Love (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage.", "title": "Mexico City" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ike Awgu studied economics and law at Carleton University before going on to earn a law degree from Queen's University in 2008. In 2004 Awgu finished 4th place at the Canadian National Debating Championship.", "title": "Ike Awgu" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, but this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them. In California and the western US, there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents. These were prohibited from official relationships with whites. White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.", "title": "Multiracial Americans" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to its UK release, Spectre mostly received positive reviews. Mark Kermode, writing in The Guardian, gave the film four out of five stars, observing that the film did not live up to the standard set by Skyfall, but was able to tap into audience expectations. Writing in the same publication, Peter Bradshaw gave the film a full five stars, calling it \"inventive, intelligent and complex\", and singling out Craig's performance as the film's highlight. In another five star review, The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin described Spectre as \"a swaggering show of confidence'\", lauding it as \"a feat of pure cinematic necromancy.\" In an otherwise positive, but overall less enthusiastic review, IGN's Chris Tilly considered Spectre \"solid if unspectacular\", and gave the film a 7.2 score (out of a possible 10), saying that \"the film falls frustratingly short of greatness.\"", "title": "Spectre (2015 film)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "With filming completed in Rome, production moved to Mexico City in late March to shoot the film's opening sequence, with scenes to include the Day of the Dead festival filmed in and around the Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district. The planned scenes required the city square to be closed for filming a sequence involving a fight aboard a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter flown by stunt pilot Chuck Aaron, which called for modifications to be made to several buildings to prevent damage. This particular scene in Mexico required 1,500 extras, 10 giant skeletons and 250,000 paper flowers. Reports in the Mexican media added that the film's second unit would move to Palenque in the state of Chiapas, to film aerial manoeuvres considered too dangerous to shoot in an urban area.", "title": "Spectre (2015 film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The unhappy Tambroni experiment tarnished Gronchi’s reputation for good, and until the end of his period of office he remained a lame-duck President. In 1962 he attempted to get a second mandate, with the powerful help of Enrico Mattei, but the attempt failed and Antonio Segni was elected instead. As he ceased to be Head of State, he became a life senator by right, according to the Italian Constitution. He died in Rome on 17 October 1978 at the age of 91.", "title": "Giovanni Gronchi" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's a Long Road (\"Όλα είναι δρόμος\" Óla eínai drómos) is a 1998 film by Greek film director Pantelis Voulgaris. It is a triptich, with all three parts taking place in Thrace, one of the more economically depressed parts of Greece.", "title": "It's a Long Road" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SPECTRE (SPecial Executive for Counterintelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion) is a fictional organisation featured in the James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, the films based on those novels, and James Bond video games. Led by evil genius and supervillain Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the international organization first formally appeared in the novel \"Thunderball\" (1961) and in the film \"Dr. No\" (1962). SPECTRE is not aligned to any nation or political ideology, enabling the later Bond books and Bond films to be regarded as somewhat apolitical, though the presence of former Gestapo members in the organisation are a clear sign of Fleming's warning of the Nazi fascists surviving after the Second World War first detailed in the novel \"Moonraker\" (1954). SPECTRE began in the novels as a small group of criminals but became a vast international organisation with its own SPECTRE Island training base in the films, to replace the Soviet SMERSH.", "title": "SPECTRE" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 21 February 2016[update] Spectre has grossed $879.3 million worldwide; $138.1 million of the takings have been generated from the UK market and $199.8 million from North America.", "title": "Spectre (2015 film)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film takes its title from the 1914 Defence of the Realm Act (DORA), passed in the United Kingdom at the start of the First World War, which gave the Government executive powers, for as long as war should continue, to suppress public criticism, imprison people without trial, and commandeer economic resources for the war effort.", "title": "Defence of the Realm" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the company's association with the franchise. Only eight of those 10 were used for the film, however; the remaining two were used for promotional work. After modifying the Jaguar C-X75 for the film, Williams F1 carried the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix, with the team playing host to the cast and crew ahead of the Mexican premiere of the film.To promote the film, the film's marketers continued the trend established during Skyfall's production of releasing still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts. 17 brands appear in the film through product placement, and many of those, such as Heineken, Bollinger, Omega and Sony—owner of the film's co-distributor Columbia Pictures—did Spectre tie-in advertisements.On 13 March 2015, several members of the cast and crew, including Craig, Whishaw, Wilson and Mendes, as well as previous James Bond actor, Sir Roger Moore, appeared in a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day on BBC One. In the sketch, they film a behind-the-scenes mockumentary on the filming of Spectre. The first teaser trailer for Spectre was released worldwide in March 2015, followed by the theatrical trailer in July and the final trailer in October.", "title": "Spectre (2015 film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Professor Layton and the Last Specter, known in Europe as Professor Layton and the Spectre's Call, is a puzzle adventure video game produced by Level-5 for the Nintendo DS handheld game console. \"Last Specter\" is the fourth game in the \"Professor Layton\" series, and is a prequel that takes place three years before the first trilogy, detailing how Professor Layton met his apprentice, Luke Triton and introducing Layton's assistant Emmy Altava.", "title": "Professor Layton and the Last Specter" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "High on Crack Street: Lost Lives in Lowell is a 1995 American documentary film directed by Richard Farrell, Maryann DeLeo and Jon Alpert. It was a co-production of HBO and DCTV, produced by Farrell, DeLeo, and Alpert. It aired on HBO as part of its series \"America Undercover\". The documentary takes place about 30 miles northwest of Boston in the economically depressed former mill city of Lowell, Massachusetts.", "title": "High on Crack Street: Lost Lives in Lowell" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In November 2013 MGM and the McClory estate formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC—sister company of Eon Productions—with MGM acquiring the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre and all of the characters associated with it. With the acquisition of the film rights and the organisation's re-introduction to the series' continuity, the SPECTRE acronym was discarded and the organisation reimagined as \"Spectre\".", "title": "Spectre (2015 film)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Rome", "id": 159886, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Where did he die?", "raw_question": "Where did he die?", "statement": "James Bond died in Rome." }, { "answer": "Mexico City", "id": 1286, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Where did Spectre filming take place after Rome ?", "raw_question": "Where did Spectre filming take place after #1 ?", "statement": "Spectre filming took place in Mexico City after Rome." }, { "answer": "1980s", "id": 19193, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "When were the economic laws passed in Mexico City ?", "raw_question": "When were the economic laws passed in #2 ?", "statement": "The economic laws were passed in Mexico City in the 1980s." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Léon Bourjade (25 May 1889 – 22 October 1924), born Jean-Pierre Léon Bourjade, was a leading French fighter pilot in World War I, notable for being his country's leading balloon-busting ace. He interrupted his theological studies to fight in World War I; post-war, he completed his studies and spent the few remaining years of his life as a missionary in what is now Papua New Guinea.", "title": "Léon Bourjade" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Viktor Julius Ignaz Ferdinand Graf Dankl von Krásnik (Born as Viktor Dankl; 18 September 18548 January 1941) was a highly decorated Austro-Hungarian officer who reached the pinnacle of his service during World War I with promotion to the rare rank of Colonel General (\"Generaloberst\"). His successful career met an abrupt end in 1916 due to both his performance on the Italian front and health issues. After the war he would be a vocal apologist for both his country's war record and the dethroned Habsburg monarchy.", "title": "Viktor Dankl von Krasnik" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Punta Malpelo is a point in Peru near the border with Ecuador. It was a significant scene during the Gran Colombia-Peru War, because on August 31, 1828 was the site of the Battle of Punta Malpelo, where the Peruvian corvette \"Libertad\" sustained a naval encounter with the Gran Colombian ships \"Pichincha\" and \"Guayaquileña\" with high casualties on both sides.", "title": "Punta Malpelo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the early 20th century, the increased militarization of Europe, and the lack of negotiation between major powers, led to harsh and rash actions taken by both sides in respect to Alsace-Lorraine during World War I. As soon as war was declared, both the French and German authorities used the inhabitants of Alsace-Lorraine as propaganda pawns.", "title": "Alsace-Lorraine" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Egypt (i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/; Arabic: مِصر‎ Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khemi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is the world's only contiguous Eurafrasian nation. Most of Egypt's territory of 1,010,408 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi) lies within the Nile Valley. Egypt is a Mediterranean country. It is bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.", "title": "Egypt" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Legends of the Fall was primarily filmed on location in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. Principal photography began in mid-September 1993. The World War I battlefield scenes took two weeks to film and were shot near Morley, Alberta, with hundreds of locals and a few Canadian Forces soldiers recruited as extras. The Ghost River Wilderness Area in Alberta served as the filming location for the Ludlow ranch; additional outdoor scenes, as well as the funeral and cemetery scenes, were shot at the Bow River near Banff National Park. A historic harbour area in Vancouver called Gastown was augmented with period building facades for the Helena, Montana street scenes. Hotel scenes were shot at the Hotel Europe at 43 Powell Street in Vancouver. Additional scenes were shot at Maple Leaf Square in Gastown, Vancouver, and Ocho Rios in Saint Ann, Jamaica. Filming wrapped up around January 1994.", "title": "Legends of the Fall" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacques Gérard was born in Paris, France on 26 October 1890. He joined the \"113e Regiment d'Infanterie\" to defend his country during World War I.", "title": "Jacques Gérard" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Piz Denter is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Graubünden and Ticino. On its northern side (Graubünden), it overlooks the valleys of Lake Curnera and Lake Nalps, both drained by tributaries of the Rhine.", "title": "Piz Denter" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at the Dutch border. The Aare also contains the waters from the 4,274 m (14,022 ft) summit of Finsteraarhorn, the highest point of the Rhine basin. The Rhine roughly forms the German-Swiss border from Lake Constance with the exceptions of the canton of Schaffhausen and parts of the cantons of Zürich and Basel-Stadt, until it turns north at the so-called Rhine knee at Basel, leaving Switzerland.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Serjeant Mechanic Edwin Edward Hunnisett (1896-1918) was a World War I British aviator who was shot down by German flying ace Hans Goerth.", "title": "Edwin Edward Hunnisett" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Ca n't Stop Loving You ''is a popular song written and composed by country singer, songwriter and musician Don Gibson, who first recorded it on December 30, 1957, for RCA Victor Records. It was released in 1958 as the B - side of`` Oh, Lonesome Me'', becoming a double - sided country hit single.", "title": "I Can't Stop Loving You" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ludwig Bieringer (1892–1975) was a German general during World War II. A lifelong professional soldier, he served his country as a junior officer in World War I, a staff officer in the inter-war period and a brigade-level commander during World War II.", "title": "Ludwig Bieringer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany. Establishing \"natural borders\" on the Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages, though the language border was – and is – far more to the west. French leaders, such as Louis XIV and Napoleon Bonaparte, tried with varying degrees of success to annex lands west of the Rhine. The Confederation of the Rhine was established by Napoleon, as a French client state, in 1806 and lasted until 1814, during which time it served as a significant source of resources and military manpower for the First French Empire. In 1840, the Rhine crisis, prompted by French prime minister Adolphe Thiers's desire to reinstate the Rhine as a natural border, led to a diplomatic crisis and a wave of nationalism in Germany.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal). Near Sargans a natural dam, only a few metres high, prevents it from flowing into the open Seeztal valley and then through Lake Walen and Lake Zurich into the river Aare. The Alpine Rhine begins in the most western part of the Swiss canton of Graubünden, and later forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein and later Austria to the East.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, fell to the Burgundian Netherlands in the 15th century; Holland remained contentious territory throughout the European wars of religion and the eventual collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, when the length of the Rhine fell to the First French Empire and its client states. The Alsace on the left banks of the Upper Rhine was sold to Burgundy by Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469 and eventually fell to France in the Thirty Years' War. The numerous historic castles in Rhineland-Palatinate attest to the importance of the river as a commercial route.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kurdyumov served in the Red Army since 1918 in World War I and the Russian Civil War. He graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1925 and served as military attaché in the Baltic countries. From August 1931 Kurdyumov was a commander and commissar of the 25th Rifle Division.", "title": "Vladimir Kurdyumov" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For the film's 2004 DVD release, the scene was altered again, with new timing so that the shots are fired at nearly the same time and so that Solo dodges Greedo's shot. In an article titled ``The Star Wars George Lucas Does n't Want You To See '', The Atlantic summarized that`` (i) n the original versions... it's clear that Han Solo pulled out his gun and shot the bounty hunter Greedo. In the 1997 version, Greedo shoots first. In the 2004 version, they shoot at the same time.''", "title": "Han shot first" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras.", "title": "Spectre (2015 film)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A number of congresses of the socialist First and Second Internationals were held in Bern, particularly during World War I when Switzerland was neutral; see Bern International.", "title": "Bern" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Portugal–Spain border is 1,214 km (754 mi) long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.", "title": "Portugal" } ]

[ { "answer": "Austria.", "id": 1266, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "In which country were the scenes with Detlef Bothe shot?", "raw_question": "In which country were the scenes with Detlef Bothe shot?", "statement": "The scenes with Detlef Bothe were shot in Austria." }, { "answer": "Switzerland", "id": 41881, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "The Rhine forms the border between Austria. and what other country?", "raw_question": "The Rhine forms the border between #1 and what other country?", "statement": "The Rhine forms the border between Austria and Switzerland." }, { "answer": "Switzerland was neutral", "id": 8184, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "In World War I, what side was Switzerland on?", "raw_question": "In World War I, what side was #2 on?", "statement": "Switzerland was neutral in World War I." } ]

[ "Switzerland", "Swiss", "CH" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nando's is an international casual dining restaurant chain originating in South Africa. Founded in 1987, Nando's operates about 1,000 outlets in 30 countries.", "title": "Nando's" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jack in the Box is an American fast - food restaurant chain founded February 21, 1951, by Robert O. Peterson in San Diego, California, where it is headquartered. The chain has 2,200 locations, primarily serving the West Coast of the United States and selected large urban areas in the eastern portion of the US including Texas and the Charlotte metropolitan area. The company also formerly operated the Qdoba Mexican Grill chain until Apollo Global Management bought the chain in December 2017.", "title": "Jack in the Box" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some historians concur that A&W, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant (E. Tavares). Thus, the American company White Castle is generally credited with opening the second fast - food outlet in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. What is certain, however, is that White Castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast - food hamburger restaurants. William Ingram's and Walter Anderson's White Castle System created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings. The McDonald's Speedee Service System and, much later, Ray Kroc's McDonald's outlets and Hamburger University all built on principles, systems and practices that White Castle had already established between 1923 and 1932.", "title": "Fast food restaurant" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tudor's Biscuit World is a restaurant chain and franchise based in Huntington, West Virginia, most commonly found in West Virginia. Many West Virginia locations share a building with Gino's Pizza and Spaghetti, although the chain is more extensive than Gino's (which is exclusive to West Virginia), having locations in southern Ohio, eastern Kentucky, and southwestern Virginia. In 2016 a franchise was opened in Panama City, Florida.", "title": "Tudor's Biscuit World" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The track's music was composed by James Frost and Robin Hawkins, with the original incarnation featuring a different chorus, both musically and lyrically. However the band decided first to change the music before deciding to rewrite the chorus's lyrics. The chorus was planned to have a fairytale-esque theme to it, with keyboardist and vocalist Alex Pennie penning the idea which would become the track's famous lyric ``What's that coming over the hill? Is it a monster? Is it a monster? ''. Originally however, the lyric was used just to fill the chorus until a more suitable lyric was found, but over time the lyric stuck and so was eventually used when the band recorded a demo of it in 2005.", "title": "Monster (The Automatic song)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Initially, the US stores were the result of natural expansion in Canada -- US border areas (e.g., stores in Maine and the Buffalo, New York area where Horton played from 1972 to 1974 as a member of the Buffalo Sabres). The first United States locations were opened in Deerfield Beach, Florida and Pompano Beach, Florida in 1981, but they proved unsuccessful and were closed. In 1985, the chain returned to the US with a location on Niagara Falls Boulevard in the Buffalo suburb of Amherst, New York. Starting in the mid-1990s, however, the chain began expanding in the US by acquiring former locations from fast food chains. In 1996 and 1997, thirty - seven former Rax Restaurants locations in Ohio, Kentucky, and West Virginia were bought by Wendy's International Inc.; 30 of these were converted to Tim Hortons, while the others became Wendy's franchise locations. Thirty - five closed Hardee's stores in the Detroit area were also purchased with the intention of being converted. By 2004, the chain had also acquired 42 Bess Eaton coffee and doughnut restaurants situated in southern New England. Several combination Wendy's / Tim Hortons units were opened in the US; both in the ``traditional ''markets of Maine and Buffalo, where there were well over 180 locations as of 2011, and in the markets entered through acquisition.", "title": "Tim Hortons" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jack in the Box is an American fast-food restaurant chain founded February 21, 1951, by Robert O. Peterson in San Diego, California, where it is headquartered. The chain has 2,200 locations, primarily serving the West Coast of the United States. Restaurants are also found in selected large urban areas outside the West Coast, including Phoenix, Denver, Albuquerque, El Paso, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Austin, San Antonio, Baton Rouge, Nashville, Charlotte, St. Louis, Indianapolis, and Cincinnati as well as one in Guam. The company also formerly operated the Qdoba Mexican Grill chain until Apollo Global Management bought the chain in December 2017.", "title": "Jack in the Box" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The show follows Charlotte Crosby and Stephen Bear as they open the doors to the 'Just Tattoo of Us' tattoo parlour in London. In each episode, pairs of friends, family members or couples enter the parlour and explain to Bear and Crosby their relationship and the reasoning behind entering the show. They then individually visit the tattoo artist who has created a design for the other person based on a brief previously sent in. However, in this parlour, everyone who arrives will be getting a tattoo but will not have any say in what it is, as it will be designed by their friend, partner or family member who they came with, and the same will be done the other way round. After the designs are finished, everyone comes together for the reveal where the tattoos are finally seen. The participants then give their feedback on their tattoo, and Crosby and Bear also share their opinions.", "title": "Just Tattoo of Us" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the o2 arena and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire. Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, South West Four, Lovebox, and Hyde Park's British Summer Time are all held in London. The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Queen, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Eric Clapton, Led Zeppelin, The Small Faces, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, The Police, The Cure, Madness, The Jam, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee, which remains the company headquarters. The chain's stores were at first positioned near Interstate highway exits in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, but has expanded across the country during the 1990s and 2000s. As of September 18, 2012, the chain operates 639 stores in 43 states.", "title": "Cracker Barrel" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger was a founding celebrity investor in the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants (modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe) along with Bruce Willis, Sylvester Stallone and Demi Moore. Schwarzenegger severed his financial ties with the business in early 2000. Schwarzenegger said the company had not had the success he had hoped for, claiming he wanted to focus his attention on \"new US global business ventures\" and his movie career.", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kathmandu had only one western-style restaurant in 1955. A large number of restaurants in Kathmandu have since opened, catering Nepali cuisine, Tibetan cuisine, Chinese cuisine and Indian cuisine in particular. Many other restaurants have opened to accommodate locals, expatriates, and tourists. The growth of tourism in Kathmandu has led to culinary creativity and the development of hybrid foods to accommodate for tourists such as American chop suey, which is a sweet-and-sour sauce with crispy noodles with a fried egg commonly added on top and other westernized adaptations of traditional cuisine. Continental cuisine can be found in selected places. International chain restaurants are rare, but some outlets of Pizza Hut and KFC have recently opened there. It also has several outlets of the international ice-cream chain Baskin-Robbins", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ellen's Stardust Diner was opened in 1987 after Ellen's Cafe was closed down. It was the first 1950s theme restaurant in New York City and had waitresses in poodle skirts. In the late 1990s, a sister restaurant operated near Times Square under the name Stardust Dine-O-Mat.", "title": "Ellen's Stardust Diner" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Culver Franchising System, Inc., doing business as Culver's, is a privately owned and operated casual fast food restaurant chain that operates primarily in the Midwestern United States. Culver's opened its first restaurant in 1984 in Sauk City, Wisconsin, and is currently headquartered in Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin. As of 3 July 2018, the chain had 665 restaurants across the United States, and 18 coming soon in 10 states.", "title": "Culver's" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raising Cane's Restaurants is a fast - food restaurant chain specializing in chicken fingers, that was founded in Baton Rouge, Louisiana by Todd Graves and Craig Silvey on August 26, 1996. While company headquarters remain in Louisiana, a second restaurant support office was opened in Plano, Texas in 2009.", "title": "Raising Cane's Chicken Fingers" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1995, Paramount Pictures approached Rusty Pelican Restaurants Inc. with a desire to create a restaurant based on a theme from Paramount's 1994 film Forrest Gump. The Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. was created as a result. Within a year the Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. created a concept idea for the restaurant chain which was then licensed by Paramount Licensing, Inc. In 1996, the first Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. restaurant was opened in Monterey, California; its success led to its franchising on an international scale.", "title": "Bubba Gump Shrimp Company" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Initially, the US stores were the result of natural expansion in Canada -- U.S. border areas (e.g., stores in Maine and the Buffalo, New York area where Horton played from 1972 to 1974 as a member of the Buffalo Sabres). The first United States locations were opened in Deerfield Beach, Florida and Pompano Beach, Florida in 1981, but they proved unsuccessful and were closed. In 1985, the chain returned to the US with a location on Niagara Falls Boulevard in the Buffalo suburb of Amherst, New York. Starting in the mid-1990s, however, the chain began expanding in the US by acquiring former locations from fast food chains. In 1996 and 1997, thirty - seven former Rax Restaurants locations in Ohio, Kentucky, and West Virginia were bought by Wendy's International Inc.; 30 of these were converted to Tim Hortons, while the others became Wendy's franchise locations. Thirty - five closed Hardee's stores in the Detroit area were also purchased with the intention of being converted. By 2004, the chain had also acquired 42 Bess Eaton coffee and doughnut restaurants situated in southern New England. Several combination Wendy's / Tim Hortons units were opened in the US; both in the ``traditional ''markets of Maine and Buffalo, where there were well over 180 locations as of 2011, and in the markets entered through acquisition.", "title": "Tim Hortons" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Twisters is a New Mexican cuisine restaurant chain from the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico, which was founded in 1998.", "title": "Twisters" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Happy Eater was a chain of family-oriented roadside restaurants that operated throughout England and Wales until 1997. The company was established in 1973 by Michael Pickard as a rival to Little Chef, which was the only national chain of roadside restaurants at the time. The restaurants offered similar fare to Little Chef, such as English breakfasts and fish and chips. The major difference between Happy Eater and Little Chef was that it provided outdoor playground equipment. Outlets were mostly located in South East England, the Midlands and along the A1 corridor.", "title": "Happy Eater" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On June 14, 1971 he and Peter Morton started the first Hard Rock Café (HRC) restaurant in London's fashionable Mayfair district. The restaurant combined rock music, memorabilia related to rock 'n' roll and American cuisine.", "title": "Isaac Tigrett" } ]

[ { "answer": "London", "id": 62086, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "where is just the tattoo of us filmed", "raw_question": "where is just the tattoo of us filmed", "statement": "Just the Tattoo of Us is filmed in London." }, { "answer": "Hard Rock Cafe", "id": 26424, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "What famous chain of music-themed restaurants opened its first establishment in London ?", "raw_question": "What famous chain of music-themed restaurants opened its first establishment in #1 ?", "statement": "Hard Rock Cafe opened its first establishment in London." }, { "answer": "Peter Morton", "id": 581618, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Hard Rock Cafe >> founded by", "raw_question": "#2 >> founded by", "statement": "Peter Morton founded the Hard Rock Cafe." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mansehra (Rural) is a Union Council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district and to the southeast of the district capital, Mansehra.", "title": "Mansehra (Rural)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orroral River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "title": "Orroral River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sierra Suroeste is a comarca (county, with no administrative role) located in southwestern province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, western Spain. Its capital and largest city is Jerez de los Caballeros.", "title": "Sierra Suroeste" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Changa is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 19' 20N 73° 22' 55E with an altitude of 495 metres (1627 feet).", "title": "Changa, Pakistan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Arcadia is a town in Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,666 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Arcadia, Indiana" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ngopa is a town in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Ngopa R.D. Block, and it serves as headquarters for that block. It is also an important administrative centre containing important government offices. Ngopa is from the district's main city, Champhai, and from the state's capital city, Aizawl.", "title": "Ngopa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1817 elected delegates wrote a constitution and applied to Congress for statehood. On Dec. 10, 1817, the western portion of Mississippi Territory became the State of Mississippi, the 20th state of the Union. Natchez, long established as a major river port, was the first state capital. As more population came into the state and future growth was anticipated, in 1822 the capital was moved to the more central location of Jackson.", "title": "History of Mississippi" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located adjacent to the Canberra CBD.", "title": "Braddon, Australian Capital Territory" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "WIUX-LP (99.1 FM) is a student-operated low power FM college radio station in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. The station is owned by Indiana University Student Broadcasting.", "title": "WIUX-LP" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Government of India (ISO: Bhārat Sarkār), often abbreviated as GoI, is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India.", "title": "Government of India" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wayne Township is one of nine townships in Hamilton County, Indiana, United States and serves as one of two townships within Noblesville, Indiana's jurisdiction. As of the 2010 census, its population was 7,886 and it contained 3,252 housing units, an increase from 2415 in 2000, as Noblesville continues to expand eastward and Fishers reaches its northern limits. In 2007, Noblesville officially opened one of the largest mixed use developments in the state, called the Noblesville Corporate Campus. A portion of the development is located within the township. When completed, it will include a large industrial/commercial park, several housing developments, hotels, greenspace and a large outdoor shopping center called Hamilton Town Center, being built by the Simon Property Group, headquartered in nearby Indianapolis.", "title": "Wayne Township, Hamilton County, Indiana" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Artynia Catena is a feature in the Arcadia quadrangle of Mars, located at . It is long and was named after a classical albedo feature at The term \"Catena\" refers to a chain of craters.", "title": "Artynia Catena" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gudgenby River, a perennial river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "title": "Gudgenby River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bageshwar is a town and a municipal board in Bageshwar district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is located at a distance of 470 km from the National Capital New Delhi and 332 km from the State Capital Dehradun. Bageshwar is known for its scenic beauty, Glaciers, Rivers and Temples. It is also the administrative headquarters of Bageshwar district.", "title": "Bageshwar" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While many hospitals in Australia have the capability to treat burns, there are currently 13 designated burns units across Australia. Most states have one centre for adults and another for children; all units are located in a state/territorial capital city.", "title": "List of burn centres in Australia" } ]

[ { "answer": "Indiana", "id": 131093, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "What state is WIUX-LP located?", "raw_question": "What state is WIUX-LP located?", "statement": "WIUX-LP is located in the state of Indiana." }, { "answer": "Hamilton County", "id": 832324, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Arcadia, Indiana >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Arcadia, #1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Arcadia is located in Hamilton County." }, { "answer": "Noblesville", "id": 795274, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Hamilton County >> capital", "raw_question": "#2 >> capital", "statement": "The capital of Hamilton County is Noblesville." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar.", "title": "Pettai, Karaikal" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Užice ( / ) was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in occupied Yugoslavia, more specifically the western part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia. The Republic was established by the Partisan resistance movement and its administrative center was in the town of Užice.", "title": "Republic of Užice" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions directly overseen by the United States Federal Government. Unlike U.S. states and Native American tribes which exercise limited sovereignty alongside the federal government, territories are without sovereignty. The territories are classified by whether they are incorporated and whether they have an ``organized ''government through an Organic Act passed by the U.S. Congress.", "title": "Territories of the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Romeo is a village in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,596 at the 2010 census. The village is situated at the southeast corner of Bruce Township, with a portion extending south into Washington Township. Armada Township is adjacent to the east and Ray Township to the southeast. Romeo is located on the rural-urban fringe of the Detroit metropolitan area, and many of its residents commute to jobs closer to the city.", "title": "Romeo, Michigan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "title": "Texas–Indian wars" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Stokes Millner MD (1830 – 25 February 1875) was a medical practitioner and administrator in the early history of the Northern Territory of Australia.", "title": "James Millner (doctor)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biłgoraj County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies south of the regional capital Lublin. The county contains three other towns: Tarnogród, lying south of Biłgoraj, Józefów, lying east of Biłgoraj, and Frampol, north of Biłgoraj.", "title": "Biłgoraj County" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District.", "title": "Pak Tam Chung" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Barbel \"Barb\" Dempsey (January 13, 1948, ) the current mayor of Mount Clemens, Michigan, the county seat of Macomb County. An Independent, she is the city's third female mayor. As mayor, she initiated the Mount Clemens Downtown Program. Via this program, the city's downtown saw massive redevelopment, including repair of the County Building, the tallest structure in the county. She ran unopposed in the 2007 election and won by a massive landslide in the 2009 mayoral election against opponent Steve Ferdig. Dempsey and Mayor Karen Majewski of Hamtramck have been compared, as they are both female mayors of smaller Michigan cities with aging infrastructure and large amounts of urban decay. She also initiated a CCTV camera program.", "title": "Barb Dempsey" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "George Benjamin Stephens (born September 28, 1867 in Romeo, Michigan – August 5, 1896 in Armada, Michigan), was an American baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1892 to 1894. He played for the Baltimore Orioles, Cincinnati Reds, and Washington Senators.", "title": "Ben Stephens (baseball)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Romeo", "id": 428944, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Ben Stephens >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Ben Stephens >> place of birth", "statement": "Ben Stephens was born in Romeo." }, { "answer": "Macomb County", "id": 194186, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Romeo >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Romeo is located in Macomb County." }, { "answer": "Mount Clemens", "id": 725834, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Macomb County >> contains administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#2 >> contains administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Mount Clemens is the administrative territorial entity contained in Macomb County." } ]

[ "Mount Clemens, Michigan" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Viva Le Famille () is a Mediacorp TV Channel 8 Singapore Chinese drama serial that revolves around a big family that faces many problems which other Singaporean families may also face, such as expenses on giving birth to a child, staying with their in-laws, etc. There are 2 parts of the show and were aired in 2002 and 2003 respectively. The cast for Part 1 includes mostly veteran actors such as Chen Shucheng, Chen Hanwei, Huang Biren, Zheng Geping, Lin Meijiao, Chen Huihui, San Yow, Richard Low and Li Yinzhu.", "title": "Viva Le Famille" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman (21 February 1946 -- 14 January 2016) was an English actor and director known for playing a variety of roles on stage and on screen. Rickman trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, and was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, performing in modern and classical theatre productions. His first big television part came in 1982, but his big break was as the Vicomte de Valmont in the stage production of Les Liaisons Dangereuses in 1985, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award. Rickman gained wider notice for his film performances as Hans Gruber in Die Hard and Severus Snape in the Harry Potter film series.", "title": "Alan Rickman" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film was rated PG-13 due to sexual elements, Eric Quizon who was one of the cast members confirmed in an interview that there will be a sequel of Pusong Mamon 2 to be seen in theaters in Mid-2012 produced by VIVA Films after 16 years.", "title": "Pusong Mamon" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ex with Benefits is a 2015 Filipino romantic erotic drama film starring Derek Ramsay, Coleen Garcia and Meg Imperial. Based on a Wattpad story written by Ruth Mendoza, the screenplay was made by Mendoza and Jeff Stelton and directed by Gino M. Santos. It was released on September 2, 2015 by Star Cinema and Viva Films.", "title": "Ex with Benefits" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States and Canada, the film was distributed to 2,328 theaters for night showings on February 13. Select theaters also held a one-time special marathon of all \"Die Hard\" films to lead up to \"A Good Day to Die Hard\"'s nationwide release, with Bruce Willis making a personal appearance at one of these marathons in New York City to thank fans. The film then expanded to a total of 3,553 theaters, including IMAX theaters, on February 14.", "title": "A Good Day to Die Hard" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vampire Destiny is the fourth and final trilogy in The Saga of Darren Shan by author Darren Shan. The trilogy included \"The Lake of Souls\", \"Lord of the Shadows\" and \"Sons of Destiny\". This series goes more in depth on the Lord of Shadows and the future where he rules, and Harkat's secrets of his past life are finally revealed. The main theme in the final trilogy appears to be destiny. Darren and Harket learn of the true fate of the world they know following the War of Scars, and it is revealed that both Darren and Steve are pawns to the hand of fate, in which either one of them is destined to bring destruction to the world.", "title": "Vampire Destiny" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Shamir Bailey (born November 7, 1994), known mononymously as Shamir, is an American singer, songwriter and actor from Las Vegas, Nevada. His debut extended play (EP), \"Northtown\", was released in June 2014 to positive reviews. In October 2014 he signed to XL Recordings and released the single \"On the Regular\". His debut LP \"Ratchet\" was released on May 19, 2015 in the United States.", "title": "Shamir (musician)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 29, 2011, at the Eureka Theatre in San Francisco, California a two-show reunion of \"Viva Variety\" was held as part of the 10th annual San Francisco Sketchfest. Lennon, Kenney-Silver and Black reunited for a live, on-stage performance of \"Viva Variety\", with a guest appearance by \"State\" alumnus Robert Ben Garant. These sold out shows included video highlights from the original show on the \"jumbotron\" and new, improvised material by the cast.", "title": "Viva Variety" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Riverport Riot was a riot which took place on July 2, 1991 at the Riverport Amphitheatre (now named Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre) in Maryland Heights, Missouri (near St. Louis) during a concert by the American hard rock band Guns N 'Roses. It is also known as the ``Rocket Queen Riot ''.", "title": "Riverport Riot" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas is a video game developed by n-Space and published by Fox Interactive for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation in 2000. It is a sequel to \"Die Hard Trilogy\", which was based on the \"Die Hard\" series of action movies. Like its predecessor, the game features three distinct genres; a third-person shooter, a light gun game, and an action driving game. However, unlike \"Die Hard Trilogy\", which featured three separate storylines based on the first three \"Die Hard\" films, \"Die Hard Trilogy 2\" features a single original storyline that alternates between the three genres throughout the levels.", "title": "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The PBA on Viva TV was a presentation of Philippine Basketball Association games on Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation by VIVA Entertainment after the company absorbed Vintage Sports.", "title": "PBA on Viva TV" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Live and Let Die ''is the main theme song of the 1973 James Bond film Live and Let Die, written by Paul and Linda McCartney and performed by Paul McCartney's band Wings. It was one of the group's most successful singles, and the most successful Bond theme to that point, charting at No. 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart.", "title": "Live and Let Die (song)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Ballad of Frankie Lee and Judas Priest\" is a song on Bob Dylan's 1967 album \"John Wesley Harding\". The plainly spoken ballad is the longest song on \"John Wesley Harding\", without chorus, bridge, or a refrain to vary its structure. Like the rest of the album, the instrumentation is very sparse. The story has Frankie Lee responding to suggestions and temptations of his friend Judas Priest, which leave him to die \"of thirst\" after sixteen nights and days in a home with twenty-four women.", "title": "The Ballad of Frankie Lee and Judas Priest" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patient X is a 2009 Filipino horror film directed by Filipino director Yam Laranas and stars Richard Gutierrez and Cristine Reyes. It is co-produced by GMA Films, Viva Films, and RGUTZ Productions. This is the first movie of Richard Gutierrez under Viva Films Productions.", "title": "Patient X (film)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die (stylized 69 Sexy Things 2 Do B4U Die) was a Playboy TV adult newsmagazine profiling exotic locales, outdoor adventures and current erotic trends.", "title": "69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Tie My Rope\" is a 2007 song from the Finnish melodic death metal band Children of Bodom. The song is from Children of Bodom's sixth studio album, Blooddrunk. The song was also included on \"Viva La Bands, Vol. 2\", a compilation album from the program Viva La Bam and the tracks on the album were selected by star Bam Margera.", "title": "Tie My Rope" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Place in England is a novel by Melvyn Bragg, first published in 1970. It is the second part of Bragg's Cumbrian Trilogy.", "title": "A Place in England" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"If It Wasn't True\" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Shamir Bailey, better known by his stage name Shamir, and included as the opening track on his debut extended play (EP) \"Northtown\". Musically, \"If It Wasn't True\" is an R&B, pop, and dance song. Shamir has called the track \"a breakup song, but not a typical one,\" and \"Vogue\" magazine in 2014 dubbed it \"Your New Favorite Breakup Song.\"", "title": "If It Wasn't True" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Result Year Tournament Surface Opponent Score Runner - up 2008 US Open Hard Roger Federer 2 -- 6, 5 -- 7, 2 -- 6 Runner - up Australian Open Hard Roger Federer 3 -- 6, 4 -- 6, 6 -- 7 Runner - up 2011 Australian Open (2) Hard Novak Djokovic 4 -- 6, 2 -- 6, 3 -- 6 Runner - up 2012 Wimbledon Grass Roger Federer 6 -- 4, 5 -- 7, 3 -- 6, 4 -- 6 Winner 2012 US Open Hard Novak Djokovic 7 -- 6, 7 -- 5, 2 -- 6, 3 -- 6, 6 -- 2 Runner - up 2013 Australian Open (3) Hard Novak Djokovic 7 -- 6, 6 -- 7, 3 -- 6, 2 -- 6 Winner 2013 Wimbledon Grass Novak Djokovic 6 -- 4, 7 -- 5, 6 -- 4 Runner - up 2015 Australian Open (4) Hard Novak Djokovic 6 -- 7, 7 -- 6, 3 -- 6, 0 -- 6 Runner - up 2016 Australian Open (5) Hard Novak Djokovic 1 -- 6, 5 -- 7, 6 -- 7 Runner - up 2016 French Open Clay Novak Djokovic 6 -- 3, 1 -- 6, 2 -- 6, 4 -- 6 Winner 2016 Wimbledon (2) Grass Milos Raonic 6 -- 4, 7 -- 6, 7 -- 6", "title": "Andy Murray" } ]

[ { "answer": "Shamir", "id": 383692, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "If It Wasn't True >> performer", "raw_question": "If It Wasn't True >> performer", "statement": "Shamir is the performer of the song If It Wasn't True." }, { "answer": "Las Vegas", "id": 434040, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Shamir >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Shamir was born in Las Vegas." }, { "answer": "Microsoft Windows", "id": 398678, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas >> platform", "raw_question": "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva #2 >> platform", "statement": "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas was released on the Microsoft Windows platform." } ]

[ "Windows", "Win", "PlayStation" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name \"\" was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Lord Lugard, a British colonial administrator. The origin of the name \"Niger\", which originally applied only to the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is likely an alteration of the Tuareg name \"egerew n-igerewen\" used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2006, Switzerland approved 1 billion francs of supportive investment in the poorer Southern and Central European countries in support of cooperation and positive ties to the EU as a whole. A further referendum will be needed to approve 300 million francs to support Romania and Bulgaria and their recent admission. The Swiss have also been under EU and sometimes international pressure to reduce banking secrecy and to raise tax rates to parity with the EU. Preparatory discussions are being opened in four new areas: opening up the electricity market, participation in the European GNSS project Galileo, cooperating with the European centre for disease prevention and recognising certificates of origin for food products.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "From the beginning of 2014, Madonna began to make multiple media appearances. She appeared at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in January 2014, performing \"Open Your Heart\" alongside rappers Macklemore & Ryan Lewis and singer Mary Lambert, who sang their single \"Same Love\", as 33 couples were wed onstage, officiated by Queen Latifah. Days later, she joined singer Miley Cyrus on her MTV Unplugged special, singing a mash-up of \"Don't Tell Me\" and Cyrus' single \"We Can't Stop\" (2013). She also extended her business ventures and in February 2014 the singer premiered MDNA Skin, a range of skin care products, in Tokyo, Japan. After visiting her hometown of Detroit during May 2014, Madonna decided to contribute funds to three of the city's organizations, to help eliminate poverty from there. The singer released a statement saying that she was inspired by their work, adding that \"it was obvious to me that I had to get involved and be part of the solution to help Detroit recover\".", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Party's Over ''is a song written by country music singer Willie Nelson during the mid-1950s. After arriving in Houston, Texas, Nelson was hired to play for the Esquire Ballroom band, where he would be allowed to close the shows singing the song. Guitar instructor and Nelson's friend Paul Buskirk forwarded the song to singer Claude Gray, who recorded the original version of the song, released as`` My Party's Over'' in 1959.", "title": "The Party's Over (Willie Nelson song)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Drygalski Ice Tongue or Drygalski Barrier or Drygalski Glacier Tongue is a glacier in Antarctica, on the Scott Coast, in the northern McMurdo Sound of Antarctica's Ross Dependency, north of Ross Island. The Drygalski Ice Tongue is stable by the standards of Antarctica's icefloes, and stretches out to sea from the David Glacier, reaching the sea from a valley in the Prince Albert Mountains of Victoria Land. The Drygalski Ice Tongue ranges from wide.", "title": "Drygalski Ice Tongue" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Zise Ti Zoi\" is a single by popular Greek singer Sakis Rouvas from the \"Alter Ego\" original soundtrack, released on 28 May 2007 in Greece and Cyprus by Minos EMI.", "title": "Zise Ti Zoi" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tangled in Reins is the second album by Steelheart, recorded and produced in Los Angeles. It only reached #144 on the \"Billboard\" 200. However, the ballad \"Mama Don't You Cry\" reached #1 in Hong Kong, and Japan, prompting an MTV unplugged show in Hong Kong. The album itself only sold about 100,000 copies in the United States. However, it sold about 10,000 copies in Hong Kong, and 50,000 copies in Japan. In Hong Kong, this album has been banned in HMV, due to legalties after the handover in 1997.", "title": "Tangled in Reins" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dancing with Strangers is the ninth studio album by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released in 1987. It became Rea's first major success in UK, peaking at #2, behind Michael Jackson's \"Bad\", and spent 46 weeks in the charts, achieving Platinum accreditation. It reached the Top 10 in six other European countries, while in New Zealand it became a number one album.", "title": "Dancing with Strangers" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "England is quite a successful nation at the UEFA European Football Championship, having finished in third place in 1968 and reached the semi-final in 1996. England hosted Euro 96 and have appeared in eight UEFA European Championship Finals tournaments, tied for ninth-best. The team has also reached the quarter-final on two recent occasions in 2004 and 2012. The team's worst result in the competition was a first-round elimination in 1980, 1988, 1992 and 2000. The team did not enter in 1960, and they failed to qualify in 1964, 1972, 1976, 1984, and 2008.", "title": "England national football team" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ex on the Beach Series 8 Country of origin United Kingdom No. of episodes 8 Release Original network MTV Original release 20 March 2018 -- present Season chronology ← Previous Series 7", "title": "Ex on the Beach (British series 8)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Donny & Marie is an American variety show which aired on ABC from January 1976 to January 1979. The show starred brother - and - sister pop duo Donny and Marie Osmond. Donny had first become popular singing in a music group with his brothers, The Osmonds, and Marie was one of the youngest singers to reach # 1 on the Billboard Country Music charts (with ``Paper Roses '', in 1973).", "title": "Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour (also known as the Foreign Affair World Tour) was the fifth concert tour of American singer, Tina Turner. The tour supported her seventh studio album \"Foreign Affair\". The tour was Turner's first stadium tour and only reached European countries. Overall, the tour drew in nearly four million spectators—breaking the record for a European tour that was previously set by The Rolling Stones.", "title": "Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the Sagas of Icelanders, Norse sailors (often called Vikings) from Iceland first settled Greenland in the 980s. Erik the Red explored and settled southwestern Greenland, which he named to Garrett Spears potential Icelandic settlers, eventually establishing the Eastern and Western Settlements, which were abandoned around 1350.", "title": "Exploration of North America" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On August 9, 1995, Kiss joined the long line of musicians to perform on MTV Unplugged. The band contacted Criss and Frehley and invited them to participate in the event. Both joined Kiss on stage for several songs at the end of the set: \"Beth\", \"2000 Man\", \"Nothin' to Lose\" and \"Rock and Roll All Nite\". The Unplugged appearance set off months of speculation that a possible reunion of the original Kiss lineup was in the works. In the weeks following the Unplugged concert, however, the band (with Kulick and Singer), returned to the studio for the first time in three years to record a follow-up to Revenge. Carnival of Souls: The Final Sessions was completed in February 1996, but its release was delayed for almost two years. Bootleg copies of the album circulated widely among fans. While Kiss continued to exist publicly as Simmons, Stanley, Kulick and Singer, arrangements for a reunion of the original lineup were in the works. These efforts culminated with a public event as dramatic as any the band had staged since their 1983 unmasking on MTV. With the following statements, Tupac Shakur introduced the original Kiss lineup, in full makeup and Love Gun-era stage outfits, to a rousing ovation at the 38th Annual Grammy Awards:", "title": "Kiss (band)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Miley Cyrus: Tongue Tied (alternatively titled Miley) is an American short film directed by photographer Quentin Jones and starring recording artist Miley Cyrus. It was released on May 1, 2014, by the lifestyle website Nowness, although it had been previously used for the introduction of her headlining Bangerz Tour. The black-and-white video displays a topless Cyrus engaging in several sadomasochistic behaviors. Contemporary critics compared \"Miley Cyrus: Tongue Tied\" to earlier music videos by recording artist Madonna and the erotic novel \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" (2011), and agreed that it continued to solidify the sexually-explicit public image she had cultivated in 2013.", "title": "Miley Cyrus: Tongue Tied" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mike Marsh (born August 13, 1974 in Miami, Florida) is the drummer for The Avett Brothers and formerly of Dashboard Confessional. Mike was featured on all Dashboard Confessional's albums, from \"The Places You Have Come To Fear The Most\" to \"Alter the Ending\". He also played with them for MTV Unplugged. In 2006, Marsh and Dashboard Confessional did an AOL Sessions recording, playing not only their songs, but a cover of \"In A Big Country\" by Big Country. According to posts by Mike on Facebook, he officially joined The Avett Brothers as their drummer in early 2013. Mike is also an engineer and record producer. He has a recording studio in East Nashville called Papermill Studio.", "title": "Mike Marsh (musician)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"All Tied Up\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Ronnie McDowell. It was released in April 1986 as the first single and partial title track from his album \"All Tied Up in Love\". The song reached #6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart in July 1986 and #1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada. It was written by McDowell, Buddy Killen and Joe Meador.", "title": "All Tied Up (song)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Te Solte La Rienda\" is the second radio single release and sixth track from Maná's second live album, \"Maná MTV Unplugged\" in 1999. \"Te Solte La Rienda\" is a song originally written by Mexican singer-songwriter in the Ranchera style José Alfredo Jiménez. On the week of September 25, 1999 the song debuted at number twenty nine on the U.S. Billboard Hot Latin Tracks. and just after one week later on October 2, 1999 it reach to its highest point at the number twenty one. It would stayed for a total of 4 weeks spot for one week. In 2002, Lupillo Rivera performed a cover of the song which peaked at #12 on the Hot Latin Songs and #2 on the Regional Mexican Songs chart.", "title": "Te Solte La Rienda" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of foreign investment in Estonia originates in the Nordic countries (principally Finland and Sweden), to which Estonia sends 42% of its exports (as compared to 6.5% going to Russia, 8.8% to Latvia, and 4.7% to Lithuania). On the other hand, the Estonian political system, its flat rate of income tax, and its non-welfare-state model distinguish it from the Nordic countries and their Nordic model, and indeed from many other European countries.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Tip of My Fingers,\" also titled \"The Tips of My Fingers,\" is a song written and originally recorded by American country music singer Bill Anderson. First included on his 1962 album \"Bill Anderson Sings Country Heart Songs\", the song was a Top Ten country single for him in 1960.", "title": "The Tip of My Fingers" } ]

[ { "answer": "Miley Cyrus", "id": 20848, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Which singer did she join on MTV Unplugged to sing?", "raw_question": "Which singer did she join on MTV Unplugged to sing?", "statement": "Miley Cyrus was the singer she joined on MTV Unplugged to sing." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 838364, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Miley Cyrus : Tongue Tied >> country of origin", "raw_question": "#1 : Tongue Tied >> country of origin", "statement": "Miley Cyrus is from America." }, { "answer": "Norse sailors (often called Vikings) from Iceland", "id": 49811, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "who were the first european to reach America", "raw_question": "who were the first european to reach #2", "statement": "Norse sailors (often called Vikings) from Iceland were the first Europeans to reach America." } ]

[ "Island", "ISL", "Iceland", "is" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaco is accessible by plane, from the western city of Cali, one of the main urban centers of the country, well connected to Bogotá, the capital city. It can also be reached by land via highway from the city of Pasto, the capital city of the Nariño Department. Tumaco is known for being the hometown of many great Colombian soccer players, including Willington Ortiz.", "title": "Tumaco" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The first non-stop transatlantic crossing was made by the British airship R34 in 1919. Regular passenger service resumed in the 1920s and the discovery of helium reserves in the United States promised increased safety, but the U.S. government refused to sell the gas for this purpose. Therefore, H2 was used in the Hindenburg airship, which was destroyed in a midair fire over New Jersey on 6 May 1937. The incident was broadcast live on radio and filmed. Ignition of leaking hydrogen is widely assumed to be the cause, but later investigations pointed to the ignition of the aluminized fabric coating by static electricity. But the damage to hydrogen's reputation as a lifting gas was already done.", "title": "Hydrogen" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Qingdao oil pipeline explosion occurred on 22 November 2013, when an oil pipeline in Chinese city of Qingdao, Shandong Province, China leaked and caught fire and exploded. The blast killed at least 62 people. At least 9 people were detained by the police.", "title": "2013 Qingdao oil pipeline explosion" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When World War II broke out, Pohl enlisted in the United States Navy, which sent him to Hawaii and assigned him to paint ships in dry dock. He was injured when a destroyer caught fire, and the explosion knocked him off the second level of a scaffold. Pohl was medically discharged and reluctantly returned to Cincinnati, where he was hired by the Works Progress Administration to supervise other artists. In that capacity, he painted a portrait of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.", "title": "Louis Pohl" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New Jersey's 15th Legislative District is one of 40 in the New Jersey Legislature, covering the Hunterdon County municipalities of East Amwell Township, Lambertville City and West Amwell Township; and the Mercer County municipalities of Ewing Township, Hopewell Borough, Hopewell Township, Lawrence Township, Pennington Borough, Trenton City and West Windsor Township.", "title": "15th Legislative District (New Jersey)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This governorate borders the Red Sea and is part of the narrow Tihamah region. Its capital, Al Hudaydah, also serves as an important local port city.", "title": "Al Hudaydah Governorate" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Trenton was a small but pivotal battle during the American Revolutionary War which took place on the morning of December 26, 1776, in Trenton, New Jersey. After General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton the previous night, Washington led the main body of the Continental Army against Hessian soldiers garrisoned at Trenton. After a brief battle, nearly the entire Hessian force was captured, with negligible losses to the Americans. The battle significantly boosted the Continental Army's flagging morale, and inspired re-enlistments.", "title": "Battle of Trenton" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaza and the Republican forces led by General Terrazas. Being completely caught off guard, the French imperial forces sought refuge by bunkering themselves in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Our Lady of Regla, and St Fancis of Assisi and made it almost impossible to penetrate their defenses. General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs. The first cannon fired hit a bell in the tower of the church, instantly breaking it in half; soon after, 200 men of the imperial army forces surrendered. The republican forces had recovered control over the state capital. The bell in the church was declared a historical monument and can be seen today in the Cathedral. By April 1866, the state government had established a vital trading route from Chihuahua City to San Antonio, Texas; the government began to replenish their supplies and reinforce their fight against the Imperial forces.", "title": "Chihuahua (state)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On February 8, 1847, Doniphan continued his march with 924 men mostly from Missouri; he accompanied a train of 315 wagons of a large commercial caravan heading to the state capital. Meanwhile, the Mexican forces in the state had time to prepare a defense against the Americans. About 20 miles (32 km) north of the capital where two mountain ranges join from east to west is the only pass into the capital; known as Sacramento Pass, this point is now part of present-day Chihuahua City. The Battle of Sacramento was the most important battle fought in the state of Chihuahua because it was the sole defense for the state capital. The battle ended quickly because of some devastating defensive errors from the Mexican forces and the ingenious strategic moves by the American forces. After their loss at the Battle of Sacramento, the remaining Mexican soldiers retreated south, leaving the city to American occupation. Almost 300 Mexicans were killed in the battle, as well as almost 300 wounded. The Americans also confiscated large amounts of Mexican supplies and took 400 Mexican soldiers prisoners of war. American forces maintained an occupation of the state capital for the rest of the Mexican–American War.", "title": "Chihuahua (state)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought from 4 to 8 May 1942, was a major naval battle between the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia, taking place in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. The battle is historically significant as the first action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other, as well as the first in which neither side's ships sighted or fired directly upon the other.", "title": "Battle of the Coral Sea" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets. However, two sea defeats prevented this. In August, the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a larger British fleet under Edward Boscawen at the Battle of Lagos. In the Battle of Quiberon Bay on 20 November, the British admiral Edward Hawke with 23 ships of the line caught the French Brest fleet with 21 ships of the line under Marshal de Conflans and sank, captured, or forced many of them aground, putting an end to the French plans.", "title": "Northern Seven Years' War" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HMS \"Cardiff\" was a British Type 42 destroyer and the third ship of the Royal Navy to be named in honour of the Welsh capital city of Cardiff.", "title": "HMS Cardiff (D108)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the Winter War broke out the Finnish Navy moved to occupy the de-militarized Åland Islands and to protect merchant shipping. In the first month of the war, battles between Soviet ships and Finnish coastal batteries were fought at Hanko, Finland, Utö and Koivisto. At Koivisto and Hanko, the batteries forced Soviet battleships to retire with damage. Finnish efforts to use submarines (\"Vesikko\" and \"Saukko\") to sink Soviet capital ships failed. In December 1939 the ice became so thick that only the ice-breakers could still move. The two coastal defence ships were moved to the harbour in Turku where they were used to strengthen the air-defences of the city. They remained there for the rest of the war.", "title": "Finnish Navy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 30 November the Russian squadron entered the harbor from the northwest in a triangular formation. Nakhimov maneuvered his fleet so that the Ottoman vessels were between the Russian ships and Sinop’s harbor defenses, shielding his own force and exposing the Ottomans to potential friendly fire. Nakhimov spaced his battleships evenly in two lines, covering the entire harbor with interlocking fields of fire. Russian gunners began to score hits on all the Ottoman targets. The shells fired by Russian guns immediately set Ottoman ships on fire. Panic-stricken sailors found firefighting efforts difficult amidst continued fire and almost constant shrapnel. After about 30 minutes of combat the Ottoman frigate was shot full of holes and ran aground when her cable was cut. Imperatritsa Maria then attacked the 44-gun frigate Fazli Allah, which caught fire and grounded. Meanwhile, the other Russian ships engaged the Nizamie and Damiad, which were grounded. The Ottoman frigate Navek Bakhri exploded and sank along with the corvette Guli Sephid.Only one Ottoman vessel, the 12-gun paddle frigate Taif, managed to escape the battle while all the others were either sunk or purposely run ashore to prevent sinking. She fled to Constantinople and arrived on 2 December, informing the Ottoman government of the defeat at Sinop. Once the enemy fleet was destroyed the Russians engaged Ottoman shore batteries and destroyed them. During the fighting 37 Russians were killed and 229 were wounded, at least three of the ships of the line were damaged. Ottoman forces lost about 3,000 men killed, 150 were taken prisoner and their leader Osman Pasha was captured.", "title": "Battle of Sinop" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Ulundi took place at the Zulu capital of Ulundi on 4 July 1879 and was the last major battle of the Anglo-Zulu War. The British army broke the military power of the Zulu nation by defeating the main Zulu army and immediately afterwards capturing and razing the capital of Zululand, the royal kraal of Ulundi.", "title": "Battle of Ulundi" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Seagull Express 2 was a ferry that caught fire after a short-circuit in its engine room in Malaysia on 13 October 2007 and subsequently sank in the South China Sea.", "title": "Seagull Express 2" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shortly after 19:00, the German cruiser Wiesbaden had become disabled by a shell from the battlecruiser Invincible; the German battlecruisers made a 16-point turn to the northeast and made for the crippled cruiser at high speed. III Battle Squadron of the German fleet, which contained the most powerful battleships of the German navy, also altered course to assist Wiesbaden. Simultaneously, the British III and IV Light Cruiser Squadrons began a torpedo attack on the German line; while advancing to torpedo range, they smothered Wiesbaden with fire from their main guns. During the turn to the northeast, the British destroyers Onslow and Acasta approached to launch torpedoes at Lützow, though without success. Onslow was hit three times by Lützow's secondary battery and was forced to withdraw. Shortly thereafter, a second destroyer, Acasta launched a torpedo at Lützow that missed; in return, Lützow and Derfflinger fired a barrage of 15 cm shells at Acasta, hitting her twice. At 19:15, the German battlecruisers spotted the British armored cruiser Defence, which had joined the attack on Wiesbaden. Hipper initially hesitated, believing the ship was the German cruiser Rostock, but at 19:16, Kapitän zur See (KzS) Harder, Lützow's commanding officer, ordered his ships' guns to fire. The other German battlecruisers and battleships joined in the melee; Lützow fired five broadsides in rapid succession. In the span of less than five minutes, Defence was struck by several heavy-caliber shells from the German ships. One salvo penetrated the ship's ammunition magazines and, in a massive explosion, destroyed the cruiser.", "title": "SMS Lützow" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pre-dreadnoughts carried guns of several different calibres, for different roles in ship-to-ship combat. The main armament was four heavy guns, mounted in two centre-line turrets fore and aft. Very few pre-dreadnoughts deviated from this arrangement. These guns were slow-firing, and initially of limited accuracy; but they were the only guns heavy enough to penetrate the thick armour which protected the engines, magazines, and main guns of enemy battleships.The most common calibre for the main armament was 12-inch (305 mm), although some ships used smaller guns because they could attain higher rates of fire; British battleships from the Majestic class onwards carried this calibre, as did French ships from the Charlemagne class (laid down in 1894). Japan, importing most of its guns from Britain, used 12-inch guns. The United States used both 12-inch (305 mm) and 13-inch (330 mm) guns for most of the 1890s until the Maine class (not to be confused with the earlier Maine of Spanish–American War notoriety), laid down in 1899, after which the 12-inch gun was universal. The Russians used both 12 and 10-inch (254 mm) as their main armament; the Petropavlovsk class, Retvizan, Tsesarevich, and Borodino class had 12-inch (305 mm) main batteries while the Peresvet class mounted 10-inch (254 mm) guns. The first German pre-dreadnought class used an 11-inch (279 mm) gun but decreased to a 9.4-inch (239 mm) gun for the two following classes and returned to 11-inch guns with the Braunschweig class.", "title": "Pre-dreadnought battleship" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Atlanta was a battle of the Atlanta Campaign fought during the American Civil War on July 22, 1864, just southeast of Atlanta, Georgia. Continuing their summer campaign to seize the important rail and supply center of Atlanta, Union forces commanded by William Tecumseh Sherman overwhelmed and defeated Confederate forces defending the city under John Bell Hood. Union Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson was killed during the battle. Despite the implication of finality in its name, the battle occurred midway through the campaign, and the city did not fall until September 2, 1864, after a Union siege and various attempts to seize railroads and supply lines leading to Atlanta. After taking the city, Sherman's troops headed south - southeastward toward Milledgeville, the state capital, and on to Savannah with the March to the Sea.", "title": "Battle of Atlanta" } ]

[ { "answer": "New Jersey", "id": 6289, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "What city was the ship over when it caught fire?", "raw_question": "What city was the ship over when it caught fire?", "statement": "The ship was over the city of New Jersey when it caught fire." }, { "answer": "Trenton", "id": 686928, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "New Jersey >> capital", "raw_question": "#1 >> capital", "statement": "The capital of New Jersey is Trenton." }, { "answer": "boosted the Continental Army's flagging morale, and inspired re-enlistments", "id": 84236, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "what was the main importance of the battle of Trenton", "raw_question": "what was the main importance of the battle of #2", "statement": "The battle of Trenton boosted the Continental Army's flagging morale, and inspired re-enlistments." } ]

[ "Continental Army" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Boy Who Reversed Himself (1986) is a science fiction novel by William Sleator. The novel deals with an exploration into other dimensions, and provides a journey into the world beyond our own.", "title": "The Boy Who Reversed Himself" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Skinns was born in Lincoln, England. He was the losing finalist in the 2000 Boys Amateur Championship. He attended the University of Tennessee and majored in psychology.", "title": "David Skinns" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederick Carruthers Cornell OBE (6 May 1867 – 6 March 1921) was an English soldier, geologist, prospector and author born in Devon, England, and educated at the Bedford School. Cornell is best known for his war time activities during the Boer War, the Maritz rebellion and the First World War as well as for his publications.", "title": "Frederick Carruthers Cornell" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beasts of No Nation is a 2015 American war drama film written, co-produced and directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga, who acted as his own cinematographer, about a young boy who becomes a child soldier as his country goes through a horrific war. Shot in Ghana and starring Idris Elba, Abraham Attah, Ama K. Abebrese, Grace Nortey, David Dontoh, and Opeyemi Fagbohungbe, the film is based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Uzodinma Iweala ― the book itself being named after a Fela Kuti album.", "title": "Beasts of No Nation (film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rank War Years Deaths Deaths per day U.S. population in first year of war Deaths per population American Civil War 1861 -- 65 750,000 avg. (U.S. / Confederate) 520 31,443,000 2.385% (1860) World War II 1941 -- 45 405,399 297 133,402,000 0.307% (1940) World War I 1917 -- 18 116,516 279 103,268,000 0.110% (1920) Vietnam War 1961 -- 75 58,209 11 179,323,175 0.032% (1970) 5 Korean War 1950 -- 53 54,246 45 151,325,000 0.036% (1950) 6 American Revolutionary War 1775 -- 83 25,000 11 2,500,000 1.00% (1780) 7 War of 1812 1812 -- 15 15,000 15 8,000,000 0.207% (1810) 8 Mexican -- American War 1846 -- 48 13,283 29 21,406,000 0.057% (1850) 9 Iraq War 2003 -- 2011 4,497 294,043,000 0.002% (2010) 10 Philippine -- American War 1899 -- 1902 4,196 3.8 72,129,001 0.006% (1900) 11 Spanish -- American War 1898 2,246 8.9 62,022,250 (1890) 12 War in Afghanistan 2001 - present 2,216 0.36 294,043,000 (2010)", "title": "United States military casualties of war" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge '', a short story by American author Ambrose Bierce, is`` one of the most famous and frequently anthologized stories in American literature''. Originally published by The San Francisco Examiner on July 13, 1890, it was first collected in Bierce's 1891 book Tales of Soldiers and Civilians. The story is set during the American Civil War, in which Bierce himself was a soldier.", "title": "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ernst Jünger (; 29 March 1895 – 17 February 1998) was a highly-decorated German soldier, author, and entomologist who became publicly known for his World War I memoir \"Storm of Steel\".", "title": "Ernst Jünger" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Good Soldiers (2009) is a non-fiction book about the 2007 troop surge in Iraq written by David Finkel, chronicling the deployment of 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment of the 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division, nicknamed \"Rangers\", under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Ralph Kauzlarich. The story follows Kauzlarich as he experiences the reality of war, and loses soldiers for the first time.", "title": "The Good Soldiers" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "William Warner Sleator III (February 13, 1945 – August 3, 2011), known as William Sleator, was an American science fiction author who wrote primarily young adult novels but also wrote for younger readers. His books typically deal with adolescents coming across a peculiar phenomenon related to an element of theoretical science, then trying to deal with the situation. The theme of family relationships, especially between siblings, is frequently intertwined with the science fiction plotline.", "title": "William Sleator" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Udo Walendy, born 21 January 1927, in Berlin, is a German author, historian, former soldier, and Holocaust denier, who, like Gerd Schultze-Rhonhof, also disputes Germany's guilt for the Second World War.", "title": "Udo Walendy" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horatio Collins King (December 22, 1837 – November 15, 1918) was a Union Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the American Civil War. He also served as a U.S. lawyer, politician and author.", "title": "Horatio Collins King" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier (2007) is a memoir written by Ishmael Beah, an author from Sierra Leone. The book is a firsthand account of Beah's time as a child soldier during the civil war in Sierra Leone (1990s). Beah ran away from his village at the age of 12 after it was attacked by rebels, and he became forever separated from his immediate family. He wandered the war - filled country and was forced to join an army unit who brainwashed him into using guns and drugs. By 13, he had perpetuated and witnessed a great deal of violence. At the age of 16, however, UNICEF removed him from the unit and put him into a rehabilitation program. There he was able to find his uncle that would adopt him. With the help of some of the staff he was able to return to a civilian life and get off drugs. He was then given an opportunity to teach others about child soldiers. He traveled the United States recounting his story.", "title": "A Long Way Gone" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The novel follows the journey of a young boy, Agu, who is forced to join a group of soldiers in an unnamed West African country. While Agu fears his commander and many of the men around him, his fledgling childhood has been brutally shattered by the war raging through his country, and he is at first conflicted by simultaneous revulsion by and fascination with the mechanics of war. Iweala does not shy away from explicit, visceral detail and paints a complex, difficult picture of Agu as a child soldier. The book does not give any direct clue as to which country it takes place in, and it remains undisclosed. The book is notable for its confrontational, immersive first - person narrative.", "title": "Beasts of No Nation" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Catharinus Putnam Buckingham (March 14, 1808 – August 30, 1888) was an American soldier, college professor, author, and industrialist. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and was the main assistant to the U.S. Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, during part of the first term of the Lincoln Administration.", "title": "Catharinus P. Buckingham" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Path of Glory is a 1934 British comedy film directed by Dallas Bower and starring Maurice Evans, Valerie Hobson, Felix Aylmer, Henry Daniell and Athole Stewart. Two European countries plan a war, both hoping to lose it.", "title": "The Path of Glory" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Reverse of the Medal is the eleventh historical novel in the Aubrey-Maturin series by Patrick O'Brian, first published in 1986. The story is set during the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812.", "title": "The Reverse of the Medal" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henderson's Boys is a series of young adult spy novels written by the English author Robert Muchamore. The series follows Charles Henderson, the creator of the fictitious CHERUB organisation. The novels are set between 1940 and 1945, during the Nazi occupation of France in the Second World War. Throughout the novels, Henderson leads a series of war missions, aided by children.", "title": "Henderson's Boys" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Lowry Donaldson (March 17, 1814 – November 4, 1885) was an American soldier and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was noted for his proficiency in military logistics.", "title": "James Lowry Donaldson" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ludwig Bieringer (1892–1975) was a German general during World War II. A lifelong professional soldier, he served his country as a junior officer in World War I, a staff officer in the inter-war period and a brigade-level commander during World War II.", "title": "Ludwig Bieringer" } ]

[ { "answer": "William Sleator", "id": 408842, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "The Boy Who Reversed Himself >> author", "raw_question": "The Boy Who Reversed Himself >> author", "statement": "William Sleator is the author of The Boy Who Reversed Himself." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 456507, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "William Sleator >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "William Sleator, an American author, lost the most soldiers in World War II." }, { "answer": "American Civil War", "id": 80609, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "in what war did America lose the most soldiers", "raw_question": "in what war did #2 lose the most soldiers", "statement": "America lost the most soldiers in the American Civil War." } ]

[ "Civil War", "The Civil War" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Kingston Powerhouse" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "J. J. Carlock House, is located in Saddle River, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1825 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 29, 1986.", "title": "J. J. Carlock House" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack.", "title": "Sant Martí d'Empúries" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.", "title": "Port Blair" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Peter Lawrence Chesson, Jr (born December 9, 1978 in Far Hills, New Jersey) is an American race car driver who most recently competed in the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series.", "title": "P. J. Chesson" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kis-Küküllő was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (central Transylvania). Kis-Küküllő is the Hungarian name for the Târnava Mică River. The capital of the county was \"Dicsőszentmárton\" (now Târnăveni).", "title": "Kis-Küküllő County" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Courier News is a daily newspaper headquartered in Somerville, New Jersey, that serves Somerset County and other areas of Central Jersey. The paper has been owned by the Gannett Company since 1940.", "title": "Courier News" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mian Haji Sahib is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 22' 50N 73° 20' 40E with an altitude of 479 metres (1574 feet).", "title": "Mian Haji Sahib" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "title": "British nationality law" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Far Hills is a borough in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 919, reflecting an increase of 60 (+7.0%) from the 859 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 202 (+30.7%) from the 657 counted in the 1990 Census.", "title": "Far Hills, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located adjacent to the Canberra CBD.", "title": "Braddon, Australian Capital Territory" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bann Na Mohra is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 27' 50N 73° 22' 10E with an altitude of 562 metres (1847 feet).", "title": "Bann Na Mohra" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baranya (, , / \"Baranja\", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County (former)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sleen is a village in Drenthe, Netherlands of about 2500 people. Sleen has been inhabited for centuries. Much ancient history can be found in the area, particularly in the forests (which are planted, though). At birth and during the Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden (Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (1581–1795)). Sleen became the capital of one of the six “dingspels” (administrative areas) of Drenthe. When Drenthe was recognised as a province, Sleen became a municipality capital, before it merged into the municipality of Coevorden.", "title": "Sleen" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gudgenby River, a perennial river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "title": "Gudgenby River" } ]

[ { "answer": "Far Hills", "id": 241805, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "P. J. Chesson >> place of birth", "raw_question": "P. J. Chesson >> place of birth", "statement": "P. J. Chesson was born in Far Hills." }, { "answer": "Somerset County", "id": 298775, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Far Hills >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Far Hills is located in Somerset County." }, { "answer": "Somerville", "id": 622895, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Somerset County >> capital", "raw_question": "#2 >> capital", "statement": "The capital of Somerset County is Somerville." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James H. Cromartie is an American artist credited with the birth of Hard-Edge Realism, a style by turns both redolent of and a departure from the Magic realism pioneered by Andrew Wyeth. The list of celebrities and wealthy patrons reported to be among his collectors is extensive and examples of Cromartie's work may be found in 125 countries across the globe. Domestically, Cromartie has been called, \"one of America's leading historical artists,\" for his commissioned portraits of the White House, Smithsonian Institution, U.S Capitol and Supreme Court, among others. In 2005, James H. Cromartie's historical portrait of the White House was featured in the widely distributed art history textbook, ArtTalk, a distinction granted to a mere 25 living artists globally. Cromartie has resided year-round on Nantucket, Massachusetts for over 35 years, proudly quipping, \"there are Nantucket artists, but then again there are…artists who have chosen to live on Nantucket. There's a b-i-g difference.\"", "title": "James H. Cromartie" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isaac Newton Power (March 16, 1852 – May 5, 1916) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1889 to 1891.", "title": "Isaac N. Power" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Yablanski House was built in 1906-1907 to the designs of Austro-Hungarian architect Friedrich Grünanger (1856–1929) on the order of the wealthy financier and former mayor of Sofia Dimitar Yablanski (1859–1924). The exterior decoration was the work of the royal decorator of the Bulgarian Royal Family, Andreas Greis. Architecturally, the house was designed in the Baroque style with some Renaissance elements, with the interior stucco done in the Rococo style. The mansard floor is an important feature of the house's artistic design, together with the balcony railings of wrought iron and the several female sculptures. The furniture and the materials were specially supplied from Vienna. The house's architecture draws heavily from an earlier work of Grünanger's, the Royal Palace in Sofia. Notably, the architect's home in Salzburg, where he later moved and subsequently died, is almost identical to the Yablanski House.", "title": "Yablanski House" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Isaac Glaspell House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Isaac Glaspell was a local grocer in the 1870s and 1880s and had this Greek Revival house built during that time. It is a two-story structure that features a front gable, three bay façade, with a single bay side wing. The exterior is composed of brick with stone and wood trims. The house is a vernacular form of the Greek Revival style found in Davenport. The notable details on this house are the bracketed eaves and the flat arch window heads that are topped by keystone brick hoods. The house had at least one wrap-around porch porch that was believed to have been added around the turn of the 20th-century. It may have replaced an earlier porch, but it is no longer extant. The house sits on a raised lot. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.", "title": "Isaac Glaspell House" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reed Erickson (1917-1992) was an American trans man best known for his philanthropy that, according to sociology specialist Aaron H Devor, largely informed \"almost every aspect of work being done in the 1960s and 1970s in the field of transsexualism in the US and, to a lesser degree, in other countries.\"", "title": "Reed Erickson" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Isaac H. Lionberger House at 3630 Grandel Square in Midtown St. Louis, Missouri, is the last private residence designed by noted American architect Henry Hobson Richardson. Designed in 1885–86, the building was built after Richardson's death. It was built for Isaac H. Lionberger, a well-known St. Louis lawyer who later became Assistant Attorney General of the United States.", "title": "Isaac H. Lionberger House" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 25 (1963) is an American collection of science fiction stories, the last regular volume of the \"Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories\" series of short story collections, edited by Isaac Asimov and Martin H. Greenberg, which attempts to list the great science fiction stories from the Golden Age of Science Fiction. They date the Golden Age as beginning in 1939 and lasting until 1963. This volume was originally published by DAW books in July 1992.", "title": "Isaac Asimov Presents The Great SF Stories 25 (1963)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Trinity Church is an historic church located at 833 Route 12A in Cornish, New Hampshire, in the United States. It began in 1793 as the Episcopal Society and became Trinity Episcopal Church in 1795. Instrumental in its establishment was Philander Chase, son of one of the three founders of Cornish and then a student at Dartmouth College. Chase later became the first bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Ohio, the first bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Illinois, and Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Construction of the church began in 1803 and was finished in 1808. On February 1, 1980, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Its historic graveyard is known as Trinity Cemetery. After decades of being vacant, the church was reopened in 2004 as Trinity Anglican Church.", "title": "Trinity Church (Cornish, New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isaac de Caus (1590–1648) was a French landscaper and architect. He arrived in England in 1612 to carry on the work that his brother Salomon de Caus had left behind. He is noted for his work at Wilton House and Lincoln's Inn.", "title": "Isaac de Caus" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isaac Jehner (2 December 1750 – 1818) was a painter and engraver who worked in the West Country and London. He changed his name to Jenner in 1806.", "title": "Isaac Jehner" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Ogden Stiers Stiers as Major Charles Emerson Winchester III, M * A * S * H, 1977 David Allen Ogden Stiers (1942 - 10 - 31) October 31, 1942 Peoria, Illinois, U.S. March 3, 2018 (2018 - 03 - 03) (aged 75) Newport, Oregon, U.S. Education North Eugene High School Alma mater University of Oregon Juilliard School Occupation Actor voice actor conductor Years active 1971 -- 2017 Employer Newport Symphony Notable work M * A * S * H Beauty and the Beast Pocahontas The Dead Zone Lilo & Stitch Awards TV Land Impact Award (2009)", "title": "David Ogden Stiers" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isaac Thomas (4 November 1784 – 2 February 1859), was an American politician representing Tennessee in the United States House of Representatives.", "title": "Isaac Thomas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886), whose masterpiece is Trinity Church, Boston (1872–1877), designated a National Historic Landmark. Richardson first used elements of the style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, designed in 1870.", "title": "Richardsonian Romanesque" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jørn Oberg Utzon, AC, Hon. FAIA (Danish: (jɶɐ̯n ˈudsʌn); 9 April 1918 -- 29 November 2008) was a Danish architect, most notable for designing the Sydney Opera House in Australia. When it was declared a World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007, Utzon became only the second person to have received such recognition for one of his works during his lifetime, after Oscar Niemeyer. Other noteworthy works include Bagsværd Church near Copenhagen and the National Assembly Building in Kuwait. He also made important contributions to housing design, especially with his Kingo Houses near Helsingør.", "title": "Jørn Utzon" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isaac Hamilton Rapp, (1854 – March 27, 1933) was a notable American architect who has been called the \"Creator of the Santa Fe style.\" He was born in Orange, New Jersey.", "title": "Isaac Rapp" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zoka Zola is a Croatian architect and teacher who operates her own studio in Chicago, Illinois. She has license to work as an architect in the USA, the UK, and Croatia. Her most notable work is the Pfanner House for which she received the Home of the Year Award named as the best house in North America by Architecture Magazine. Kenneth Frampton's publication the \"American Masterworks: Houses of the 20th and 21st Centuries\" lists this house among the 43 houses constructed in the USA since 1985. She is also a professor at the School of Architecture at University of Illinois, Chicago. Her firm is also involved in design of three zero energy houses of which one is located in Chicago (for which she has received an award) and the other two are in Kuala Lumpur.", "title": "Zoka Zola" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isaac Newton Mack (September 1, 1838 – June 18, 1898) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Queen's County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1874 to 1878 as a Liberal member.", "title": "Isaac N. Mack" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "East Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. The district consists of a series of large 19th and early 20th century homes, houses of worship, meeting houses, and museums. It contains approximately 700 structures. Notable structures in the district include the Hiram W. Sibley House (1868), home of Hiram Sibley; Edward E. Boynton House (1909), Rochester's only work by Frank Lloyd Wright; the Culver House (1805–1816), moved to its present site in 1906; and the Strong-Todd House (1901), once occupied by Henry A. Strong.", "title": "East Avenue Historic District" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ippy and Gertie Posing at Fashion House Hirsch, Amsterdam is a \"circa\" 1916 oil on canvas painting by the Dutch artist Isaac Israëls. It depicts the twin sisters Helena (1895-1964) and Geertruida Wehmann (1895-1975), models at the Amsterdam fashion house in the whose professional names were Ippy and Gertie respectively.", "title": "Ippy and Gertie Posing at Fashion House Hirsch, Amsterdam" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isaac Burton Tigrett (born November 28, 1948, Jackson, Tennessee) is an American businessman, best known as the co-founder of Hard Rock Café and House of Blues.", "title": "Isaac Tigrett" } ]

[ { "answer": "Henry Hobson Richardson", "id": 94318, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Who was the designor of Isaac H. Lionberger House?", "raw_question": "Who was the designor of Isaac H. Lionberger House?", "statement": "Henry Hobson Richardson designed the Isaac H. Lionberger House." }, { "answer": "Trinity Church", "id": 247017, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Henry Hobson Richardson >> notable work", "raw_question": "#1 >> notable work", "statement": "Henry Hobson Richardson designed Trinity Church." }, { "answer": "United States of America", "id": 615062, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Trinity Church >> country", "raw_question": "#2 >> country", "statement": "Trinity Church is in the United States of America." } ]

[ "the US", "USA", "America", "the United States of America", "U.S.", "the USA", "U.S", "the United States", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was an organisation of 6 European countries set up after World War II to regulate their industrial production under a centralised authority. It was formally established in 1951 by the Treaty of Paris, signed by Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. The ECSC was the first international organisation to be based on the principles of supranationalism, and started the process of formal integration which ultimately led to the European Union.", "title": "European Coal and Steel Community" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wang Chong (; 27 – c. 100 AD), courtesy name Zhongren (仲任), was a Chinese meteorologist, astronomer, and philosopher active during the Han Dynasty. He developed a rational, secular, naturalistic and mechanistic account of the world and of human beings and gave a materialistic explanation of the origin of the universe. His main work was the \"Lunheng\" (論衡, \"Critical Essays\"). This book contained many theories involving early sciences of astronomy and meteorology, and Wang Chong was even the first in Chinese history to mention the use of the square-pallet chain pump, which became common in irrigation and public works in China thereafter. Wang also accurately described the process of the water cycle.", "title": "Wang Chong" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dancing with Strangers is the ninth studio album by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released in 1987. It became Rea's first major success in UK, peaking at #2, behind Michael Jackson's \"Bad\", and spent 46 weeks in the charts, achieving Platinum accreditation. It reached the Top 10 in six other European countries, while in New Zealand it became a number one album.", "title": "Dancing with Strangers" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick ''is a song by Ian Dury and the Blockheads, first released as a single on Stiff Records in the UK on 23 November 1978. Written by Dury and the Blockheads' multi-instrumentalist Chaz Jankel, it is the group's most successful single, reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart in January 1979 as well as reaching the top three in Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, and it was also a top 20 hit in several European countries.", "title": "Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour (also known as the Foreign Affair World Tour) was the fifth concert tour of American singer, Tina Turner. The tour supported her seventh studio album \"Foreign Affair\". The tour was Turner's first stadium tour and only reached European countries. Overall, the tour drew in nearly four million spectators—breaking the record for a European tour that was previously set by The Rolling Stones.", "title": "Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Red Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world, owing to high evaporation. Salinity ranges from between ~ 36 ‰ in the southern part because of the effect of the Gulf of Aden water and reaches 41 ‰ in the northern part, owing mainly to the Gulf of Suez water and the high evaporation. The average salinity is 40 ‰. (Average salinity for the world's seawater is ~ 35 ‰ on the Practical Salinity Scale, or PSU; that translates to 3.5% of actual dissolved salts.)", "title": "Red Sea" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. This type is often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries. Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen retards the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum. This allows for greater temperatures and therefore greater efficacy with less reduction in filament life.", "title": "Incandescent light bulb" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Roman diplomat or merchant lands in northern Vietnam and visits Nanjing, China and the court of Sun Quan, ruler of Eastern Wu", "title": "Chronology of European exploration of Asia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first celluloid as a bulk material for forming objects was made in 1855 in Birmingham, England, by Alexander Parkes, who was never able to see his invention reach full fruition, after his firm went bankrupt due to scale - up costs. Parkes patented his discovery after realising a solid residue remained after evaporation of the solvent from photographic collodion.", "title": "Celluloid" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1497 - 1499 The Portuguese Vasco da Gama, accompanied by Nicolau Coelho and Bartolomeu Dias, is the first European to reach India by an all - sea route from Europe.", "title": "Chronology of European exploration of Asia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain is one of only eight countries ever to have won the FIFA World Cup, which it did at the 2010 FIFA World Cup, in South Africa, the first time the team had reached the final. The team is one of the most present at the World Cup finals, with 15 appearances out of the 21 tournaments. Spain reached fourth - place in 1950, and has reached the quarter - finals four times. The Spanish team has also won three UEFA European Football Championships, in 1964, 2008 and 2012 and the Olympic football tournament in 1992.", "title": "Spain at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the process heating, air conditioning and electrical requirements for a clothing factory. This grid-connected cogeneration system provided 400 kW of electricity plus thermal energy in the form of 401 kW steam and 468 kW chilled water, and had a one-hour peak load thermal storage. Evaporation ponds are shallow pools that concentrate dissolved solids through evaporation. The use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water is one of the oldest applications of solar energy. Modern uses include concentrating brine solutions used in leach mining and removing dissolved solids from waste streams. Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks dry clothes through evaporation by wind and sunlight without consuming electricity or gas. In some states of the United States legislation protects the \"right to dry\" clothes. Unglazed transpired collectors (UTC) are perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air. UTCs can raise the incoming air temperature up to 22 °C (40 °F) and deliver outlet temperatures of 45–60 °C (113–140 °F). The short payback period of transpired collectors (3 to 12 years) makes them a more cost-effective alternative than glazed collection systems. As of 2003, over 80 systems with a combined collector area of 35,000 square metres (380,000 sq ft) had been installed worldwide, including an 860 m2 (9,300 sq ft) collector in Costa Rica used for drying coffee beans and a 1,300 m2 (14,000 sq ft) collector in Coimbatore, India, used for drying marigolds.", "title": "Solar energy" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. John Augustus Just (January 9, 1854 – September 13, 1908) was a German-born chemist and inventor. He is best known for his investigative work into recovery of precious metals from their ores and for completing the process for evaporating milk. For his scientific achievements, he was awarded a medal by the committee celebrating Berthelot's 50th anniversary.", "title": "John Augustus Just" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Portuguese Vasco da Gama, accompanied by Nicolau Coelho and Bartolomeu Dias, is the first European to reach India by an all - sea route from Europe.", "title": "Chronology of European exploration of Asia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles. This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism. The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrated markets throughout the world, spreading Western culture and styles. Fast fashion clothing has also become a global phenomenon. These garments are less expensive, mass-produced Western clothing. Donated used clothing from Western countries are also delivered to people in poor countries by charity organizations.", "title": "Clothing" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A system akin to the Bessemer process has existed since the 11th century in East Asia. Economic historian Robert Hartwell writes that the Chinese of the Song Dynasty innovated a ``partial decarbonization ''method of repeated forging of cast iron under a cold blast. Sinologist Joseph Needham and historian of metallurgy Theodore A. Wertime have described the method as a predecessor to the Bessemer process of making steel. This process was first described by the prolific scholar and polymath government official Shen Kuo (1031 -- 1095) in 1075, when he visited Cizhou. Hartwell states that perhaps the earliest center where this was practiced was the great iron - production district along the Henan -- Hebei border during the 11th century.", "title": "Bessemer process" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the introduction of the blast furnace to Europe in the Middle Ages, pig iron was able to be produced in much higher volumes than wrought iron. Because pig iron could be melted, people began to develop processes of reducing the carbon in the liquid pig iron to create steel. Puddling was introduced during the 1700s, where molten pig iron was stirred while exposed to the air, to remove the carbon by oxidation. In 1858, Sir Henry Bessemer developed a process of steel-making by blowing hot air through liquid pig iron to reduce the carbon content. The Bessemer process was able to produce the first large scale manufacture of steel. Once the Bessemer process began to gain widespread use, other alloys of steel began to follow. Mangalloy, an alloy of steel and manganese exhibiting extreme hardness and toughness, was one of the first alloy steels, and was created by Robert Hadfield in 1882.", "title": "Alloy" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Franklin noted a principle of refrigeration by observing that on a very hot day, he stayed cooler in a wet shirt in a breeze than he did in a dry one. To understand this phenomenon more clearly Franklin conducted experiments. In 1758 on a warm day in Cambridge, England, Franklin and fellow scientist John Hadley experimented by continually wetting the ball of a mercury thermometer with ether and using bellows to evaporate the ether. With each subsequent evaporation, the thermometer read a lower temperature, eventually reaching 7 °F (−14 °C). Another thermometer showed that the room temperature was constant at 65 °F (18 °C). In his letter Cooling by Evaporation, Franklin noted that, \"One may see the possibility of freezing a man to death on a warm summer's day.\"", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick\" is a song by Ian Dury and the Blockheads, first released as a single on Stiff Records in the UK on 23 November 1978. Written by Dury and the Blockheads' multi-instrumentalist Chaz Jankel, it is the group's most successful single, reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart in January 1979 as well as reaching the top three in Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, and it was also a top 20 hit in several European countries.", "title": "Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth. Although others disagreed with his model, Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds.", "title": "Han dynasty" } ]

[ { "answer": "Wang Chong", "id": 32903, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Who was able to describe the process of evaporation?", "raw_question": "Who was able to describe the process of evaporation?", "statement": "Wang Chong was able to describe the process of evaporation." }, { "answer": "China", "id": 103178, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "What country was Wang Chong in?", "raw_question": "What country was #1 in?", "statement": "Wang Chong was from China." }, { "answer": "A Roman diplomat or merchant", "id": 47412, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "who was the first european to reach China", "raw_question": "who was the first european to reach #2", "statement": "A Roman diplomat or merchant was the first European to reach China." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Even as the Western Roman empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet. Gregory of Tours read Virgil, whom he quotes in several places, along with some other Latin poets, though he cautions that \"we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death.\"", "title": "Virgil" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (then in the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire, now in France) rather than in Rome. The situation arose from the conflict between the papacy and the French crown, culminating in the death of Pope Boniface VIII after his arrest and maltreatment by Philip IV of France. Following the further death of Pope Benedict XI, Philip forced a deadlocked conclave to elect the French Clement V as pope in 1305. Clement refused to move to Rome, and in 1309 he moved his court to the papal enclave at Avignon, where it remained for the next 67 years. This absence from Rome is sometimes referred to as the \"Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy\".", "title": "Avignon Papacy" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Roman Candle is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. It was recorded in late 1993 and released on July 14, 1994 by record label Cavity Search.", "title": "Roman Candle (album)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Yablochkov candle (sometimes electric candle) is a type of electric carbon arc lamp, invented in 1876 by Pavel Yablochkov.", "title": "Yablochkov candle" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cleveland began the season with a win against the Philadelphia Eagles, who had won the previous two NFL championships. The Browns won all but two of their regular-season games, both losses coming against the New York Giants. Cleveland ended the season with a 10–2 win–loss record, tied with the Giants for first place in the American Conference. The tie forced a playoff that the Browns won, 8–3. Los Angeles, meanwhile, finished the season 9–3, tied with the Chicago Bears for first place in the National Conference. The Rams won their playoff, setting up the championship matchup with the Browns, in which the Browns were four-point favorites at home.", "title": "1950 NFL Championship Game" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sudhakar Ram was born on 8 September 1960 in Chennai. His early childhood and schooling was in Delhi and Kolkata. When he was eight, his family moved to Chennai. Sudhakar Ram graduated in Commerce from Loyola College, Chennai and completed his MBA from IIM Calcutta. He was the silver medalist at IIM-C. At IIM-C, he developed a keen interest in computers.", "title": "Sudhakar Ram" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Billy Joe Gibson (June 28, 1919October 19, 2002) was an American football defensive back and end in the National Football League for the Cleveland Rams (1942, 1944) and the Washington Redskins (1943). Gibson also played in the All-America Football Conference for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He played college football at the University of Tulsa.", "title": "Joe Gibson" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport included in the Olympics, in 1908. The four Olympic disciplines are men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating. From novice through senior - level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (short and long) which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves.", "title": "Figure skating" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 season saw the Rams attempting to improve upon their 7 -- 9 record from 2015. After a stunning 3 -- 1 start, the Rams would massively struggle in the second half, going 1 -- 11 in their final 12 games, en route to a 4 -- 12 record. The Rams also went 1 -- 7 at home in 2016, their worst home record since going 0 -- 8 at home in their 1 -- 15 2009 season. The Rams also missed the playoffs for the 12th straight season, the 3rd longest current streak in the NFL. Only the Buffalo Bills and Cleveland Browns have longer such streaks. They also clinched their 13th straight losing season, which is the longest current streak in the NFL. The Rams were also the only team to lose to the 49ers in 2016, as both wins for the 49ers were against the Rams.", "title": "2016 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ryan Tucker (born June 12, 1975) is a retired offensive tackle who played for the St. Louis Rams and Cleveland Browns in the National Football League. He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the fourth round of the 1997 NFL Draft. He played college football at Texas Christian.", "title": "Ryan Tucker" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Adrianople (9 August 378), sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between an Eastern Roman army led by the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens and Gothic rebels (largely Thervings as well as Greutungs, non-Gothic Alans, and various local rebels) led by Fritigern. The battle took place in the vicinity of Adrianople, in the Roman province of Thracia (modern Edirne in European Turkey). It ended with an overwhelming victory for the Goths and the death of Emperor Valens.", "title": "Battle of Adrianople" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 18th century Germany, the history of candles on cakes can be traced back to Kinderfest, a birthday celebration for children. This tradition also makes use of candles and cakes. German children were taken to an auditorium - like space. There, they were free to celebrate another year in a place where Germans believed that adults protected children from the evil spirits attempting to steal their souls. In those times there was no tradition of bringing gifts to a birthday; guests would merely bring good wishes for the birthday person. However, if a guest did bring gifts it was considered to be a good sign for the person whose birthday it was. Later, flowers became quite popular as a birthday gift.", "title": "Birthday cake" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The professional American football franchise now known as the Los Angeles Rams played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Rams from the 1995 through the 2015 seasons. The Rams franchise relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, which had been without a National Football League (NFL) team since the Cardinals moved to Phoenix, Arizona, in 1988. The Rams' first home game in St. Louis was at Busch Memorial Stadium against the New Orleans Saints on September 10, 1995, before the Trans World Dome (later the Edward Jones Dome, and now known as The Dome at America's Center) was completed for their November 12 game against the Carolina Panthers. Their last game played at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis was against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 17, 2015, which they won, 31 -- 23. The Rams' last game as a St. Louis - based club was on January 3, 2016, against the San Francisco 49ers at Levi's Stadium, where they lost in overtime 19 -- 16.", "title": "History of the St. Louis Rams" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The abacus was initially used for arithmetic tasks. The Roman abacus was used in Babylonia as early as 2400 BC. Since then, many other forms of reckoning boards or tables have been invented. In a medieval European counting house, a checkered cloth would be placed on a table, and markers moved around on it according to certain rules, as an aid to calculating sums of money.", "title": "Computer" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The best - selling single in the UK is ``Something About the Way You Look Tonight ''/ Candle in the Wind 1997'', a double A-side released by Elton John following the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. Since September 1997, the single has sold over 4.93 million copies in the UK.", "title": "List of best-selling singles in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Pops Orchestra is a non-profit professional American pops orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio. As is typical of pops orchestras, the ensemble performs popular music (generally traditional pop), cinematic music, jazz, and show tunes as well as well-known classical works. The orchestra was founded in 1995 and performs most of its concerts at Severance Hall. The orchestra enjoys a friendly relationship with the Cleveland Orchestra and has appeared in concert at the Cleveland Orchestra's Blossom Festival. The orchestra is led by conductor Carl Topilow.", "title": "Cleveland Pops Orchestra" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gilbert Ignatius Sheldon (born September 20, 1926) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the third Bishop of Steubenville between 1992 and 2002, having previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland from 1976 to 1992.", "title": "Gilbert Sheldon (Bishop of Steubenville)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One distinctive feature of the companies was that they included only males. Female parts were played by adolescent boy players in women's costume. Some companies were composed entirely of boy players. Performances in the public theatres (like the Globe) took place in the afternoon with no artificial lighting, but when, in the course of a play, the light began to fade, candles were lit. In the enclosed private theatres (like the Blackfriars) artificial lighting was used throughout. Plays contained little to no scenery as the scenery was described by the actors or indicated by costume through the course of the play.", "title": "English Renaissance theatre" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team that play in the National Football League (NFL). The Rams franchise was founded in 1936 as the Cleveland Rams in the short - lived second American Football League before joining the NFL the next year. In 1946, the franchise moved to Los Angeles. The Rams franchise remained in the metro area until 1994, when they moved to St. Louis, and were known as the St. Louis Rams from 1995 to 2015. The Rams franchise returned to Los Angeles in 2016. This article chronicles the franchise's history during their time in Los Angeles, from playing at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum between 1946 and 1979, to playing at Anaheim Stadium (now known as Angel Stadium of Anaheim) in Anaheim from 1980 to 1994, and its return to Southern California beginning with the 2016 season.", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the liner notes, the album is dedicated to the memory of fellow Los Angeles-based musician Elliott Smith and to Bomp! Records founder Greg Shaw.", "title": "Surgery (album)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Elliott Smith", "id": 264291, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Roman Candle >> performer", "raw_question": "Roman Candle >> performer", "statement": "Elliott Smith was the performer of Roman Candle." }, { "answer": "Los Angeles", "id": 434582, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Elliott Smith >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Elliott Smith died in Los Angeles." }, { "answer": "1946", "id": 74310, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "when did the cleveland rams move to Los Angeles", "raw_question": "when did the cleveland rams move to #2", "statement": "The Cleveland Rams moved to Los Angeles in 1946." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"A Boy Without a Girl\" is a song written by Sid Jacobson and Ruth Sexton and performed by Frankie Avalon. The song reached #10 on the \"Billboard\" Top 100 in 1959.", "title": "A Boy Without a Girl" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret is a 1970 book by Judy Blume, typically categorized as a young adult novel, about a sixth - grade girl who has grown up without a religious affiliation, due to her parents' interfaith marriage. The novel explores her quest for a single religion. Margaret also confronts typical issues faced by pre-teen girls going through puberty, such as buying her first bra, having her first period, and feeling attracted to certain boys. The novel has been frequently challenged since the 1980s due to its frank discussions of sexual and religious topics.", "title": "Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret." }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vanessa Nicole Marano (born October 31, 1992) is an American actress. She has starred in television movies and had recurring roles in such series as Without a Trace, Gilmore Girls, Ghost Whisperer, Scoundrels, Grey's Anatomy and The Young and the Restless. From 2011 - 2017, she starred as Bay Kennish on the Freeform television series Switched at Birth.", "title": "Vanessa Marano" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Men's Singles 2018 Wimbledon Championships Champion Novak Djokovic Runner - up Kevin Anderson Final score 6 -- 2, 6 -- 2, 7 -- 6 Events Singles men women boys girls Doubles men women mixed boys girls Legends men women seniors WC Doubles men women ← 2017 Wimbledon Championships 2019 →", "title": "2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Career Connections Charter High School was established in 1999 under basic principles set forth by the Boys and Girls Clubs of Western Pennsylvania. Their vision was to create a 9-12 high school that would provide an educational experience that prepared students for careers upon graduation.", "title": "Career Connections Charter High School" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On Gandhi Jayanti day, 2 October 1957, India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, was watching a performance Delhi's Ramlila ground, at the Red Fort. During the performance, a short circuit caused a fire to break out in a shamiana (decorated tent). Harish Chandra Mehra, a 14 - year - old scout, promptly took out his knife and ripped open the burning tent, saving the lives of hundreds of trapped people. This incident inspired Nehru to ask the authorities to establish an award to honour brave children from all over the country. The first official National Bravery Awards were presented to Harish Chandra and one other child on 4 February 1958, by Prime Minister Nehru, and the ICCW (Indian Council for Child Welfare) has continued the tradition ever since. The Sanjay Chopra Award and the Geeta Chopra Award were established in 1978, in memory of two Chopra children who lost their lives while confronting their kidnappers. The Sanjay and Geeta awards are given to a boy and a girl for acts of bravery. The Bharat Award was established in 1987, and the Bapu Gaidhani Award was established in 1988.", "title": "National Bravery Award" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "title": "Birth control movement in the United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beyoncé Giselle Knowles - Carter (/ biːˈjɒnseɪ /; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyoncé performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child. Beyoncé rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of the R&B girl - group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best - selling girl groups in history. Their hiatus saw Beyoncé's theatrical film debut in Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002) and the release of her debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003). The album established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards, and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number one singles ``Crazy in Love ''and`` Baby Boy''.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1681, in partial repayment of a debt, Charles II of England granted William Penn a charter for what would become the Pennsylvania colony. Despite the royal charter, Penn bought the land from the local Lenape to be on good terms with the Native Americans and ensure peace for his colony. Penn made a treaty of friendship with Lenape chief Tammany under an elm tree at Shackamaxon, in what is now the city's Fishtown section. Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is Greek for brotherly love (from philos, \"love\" or \"friendship\", and adelphos, \"brother\"). As a Quaker, Penn had experienced religious persecution and wanted his colony to be a place where anyone could worship freely. This tolerance, far more than afforded by most other colonies, led to better relations with the local Native tribes and fostered Philadelphia's rapid growth into America's most important city. Penn planned a city on the Delaware River to serve as a port and place for government. Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a grid plan to keep houses and businesses spread far apart, with areas for gardens and orchards. The city's inhabitants did not follow Penn's plans, as they crowded by the Delaware River, the port, and subdivided and resold their lots. Before Penn left Philadelphia for the last time, he issued the Charter of 1701 establishing it as a city. It became an important trading center, poor at first, but with tolerable living conditions by the 1750s. Benjamin Franklin, a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones, such as fire protection, a library, and one of the American colonies' first hospitals.", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Girl vs. Boy is a New Zealand teen situation comedy filmed in Seatoun, Wellington and produced by KHF Media, NZ on Air and TVNZ. The series takes place in the perfect, tight knit suburb of The Bay, where the dramatic breakup of Hailey (Carolyn Dando) and Tim (Josh McKenzie) has divided the whole community which leaves Maxine (Courtney Abbot), a", "title": "Girl vs. Boy" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Another set of significant physical changes during puberty happen in bodily distribution of fat and muscle. This process is different for females and males. Before puberty, there are nearly no sex differences in fat and muscle distribution; during puberty, boys grow muscle much faster than girls, although both sexes experience rapid muscle development. In contrast, though both sexes experience an increase in body fat, the increase is much more significant for girls. Frequently, the increase in fat for girls happens in their years just before puberty. The ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys is around three to one, while for girls it is about five to four. This may help explain sex differences in athletic performance.", "title": "Adolescence" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "West Jasper Place is a residential area in the west portion of the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It was established in 1972 through Edmonton City Council's adoption of West Jasper Place Outline Plan, which guides the overall development of the area.", "title": "West Jasper Place, Edmonton (area)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tina remained close to Mick (without knowing that he is really her nephew, rather than her brother). Mick met a local girl called Linda Peacock (Kellie Bright) when he was six years old and they went to school together. When they were 15, Linda fell pregnant by Mick, three months after the death of her father, and gave birth to their son Lee Carter (Danny - Boy Hatchard). Two years later, they had a daughter, Nancy Carter (Maddy Hill), followed by the premature birth of their youngest son, Johnny Carter (Sam Strike / Ted Reilly). Shirley burnt down their first pub, which led to Mick being estranged from Shirley and they lived with Linda's mother, Elaine Peacock (Maria Friedman).", "title": "Carter family (EastEnders)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fountain - Fort Carson High School Location 900 Jimmy Camp Road Fountain, Colorado 80817 United States Coordinates 38 ° 40 ′ 26 ''N 104 ° 40 ′ 58'' W  /  38.67377 ° N 104.68288 ° W  / 38.67377; - 104.68288 Coordinates: 38 ° 40 ′ 26 ''N 104 ° 40 ′ 58'' W  /  38.67377 ° N 104.68288 ° W  / 38.67377; - 104.68288 Information Type Public school Established 1873 School district 8 Dean Harry Knight, Chris James Principal Patrick Krumholtz Faculty 106 faculty members Grades 9 - 12 Enrollment 1627 students Color (s) Red, white and blue Athletics Fall: football, cross-country, softball, boys' tennis, volleyball, and boys' soccer Winter: girls' basketball, boys' basketball, wrestling, and girls' swimming Spring: girls' tennis, outdoor track, girls' soccer, baseball, and boys' swimming Athletics conference 5A Colorado Springs Metro League (all sports) Mascot Trojans Website http://ffchsweb.ffc8.org/", "title": "Fountain-Fort Carson High School" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The general selection process of each season is begun by the production team with open auditions held in various cities across the United States. Dubbed ``Producers' Auditions '', they are held months before the main stage of auditions are held. Those that make it through the initial stage, become participants in the`` Judges' Auditions'', which are held in select cities across the country, and attended by the judges. Each participant is held offstage and awaits their turn to perform before the judges, whereupon they are given 90 seconds to demonstrate their act, with a live audience present for all performances. At the end of a performance, the judges give constructive criticism and feedback about what they saw, whereupon they each give a vote - a participant who receives a majority vote approving their performance, moves on to the next stage, otherwise they are eliminated from the programme at that stage. Each judge is given a buzzer, and may use it during a performance if they are unimpressed, hate what is being performed, or feel the act is a waste of their time; if a participant is buzzed by all judges, their performance is automatically over and they are eliminated without being given a vote. Many acts that move on may be cut by producers and may forfeit due to the limited slots available for the second performance. Filming for each season always takes place when the Judges' Auditions are taking place, with the show's presenter standing in the wings of each venue's stage to interview and give personal commentary on a participant's performance.", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boy Krazy was a New York City-based girl group that saw brief fame in 1991, and again in 1993 with their hit single \"That's What Love Can Do\".", "title": "Boy Krazy" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Allameh Helli Schools, named after Al-Hilli, are schools found in various cities of Iran. Students study subjects in depth, similar to college courses. Allameh Helli Schools are for boys only, while Farzanegan schools are the equivalent for girls.", "title": "Allameh Helli High Schools" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditionally, marriages were often arranged during the pregnancies of two women. If they gave birth to opposite sex babies, the two babies were supposed to be married if they grew up as friends. It was problematic if a boy or girl came of age and rejected their assigned fiancé(e). Finding a replacement was difficult because most girls and boys were already engaged. However this custom has been disappearing. Most Tharus now practice conventional arranged marriages. They also practice love marriages, inter caste marriage, marriage after courtship and eloping.", "title": "Tharu people" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the American Revolution, Philadelphia became especially renowned for musical development and was the home of the esteemed Alexander Reinagle, John Christopher Moller, Rayner Taylor and Susannah Haswell Rowson. Reinagle became the most influential figure in Philadelphia's musical life, organizing a number of concerts, organizations and musical events. Francis Hopkinson, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was a notable composer of the period. One of his compositions, \"My Days Have Been So Wondrous Free\", is well-remembered as the first art song from the United States (though this is disputed); it is, however, lacking in originality and innovation to set it apart from European compositions.", "title": "Music of Pennsylvania" } ]

[ { "answer": "Frankie Avalon", "id": 483952, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "A Boy Without a Girl >> performer", "raw_question": "A Boy Without a Girl >> performer", "statement": "Frankie Avalon, the performer of A Boy Without A Girl, was born." }, { "answer": "Philadelphia", "id": 369694, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Frankie Avalon >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Frankie Avalon was born in Philadelphia." }, { "answer": "1701", "id": 30651, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "When was Philadelphia established as a city?", "raw_question": "When was #2 established as a city?", "statement": "Philadelphia was established as a city in 1701." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orange Gariep, Oranje, Senqu River Sunset over the Orange River near Upington in the Northern Cape Countries Lesotho, South Africa, Namibia Tributaries - right Caledon River, Vaal River, Fish River (Namibia) Landmarks Gariep Dam, Augrabies Falls Source Thaba Putsoa - location Maloti Mountains (Drakensberg), Lesotho - elevation 3,350 m (10,991 ft) Mouth Alexander Bay - location Atlantic Ocean Length 2,200 km (1,367 mi) Basin 973,000 km (375,677 sq mi) Discharge - average 365 m / s (12,890 cu ft / s) The course and watershed of the Orange River, Caledon River and Vaal River. This map shows a conservative border for the watershed. Specifically, the Kalahari basin is excluded, as some sources say it is endorheic. Some other sources using computational methods show a basin which includes parts of Botswana (and hence of the Kalahari).", "title": "Orange River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sirba River is a tributary of the Niger River in western Africa. The Sirba arises in Burkina Faso and flows east, crosses into Niger and then forms a short part of the international border between the two countries. It meets the Niger River at the midway point between the settlements of Gothèye and Karma in Niger, about 50 kilometres upstream from Niamey.", "title": "Sirba River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Asón-Agüera comarca is a historical region of Cantabria, Spain. It is located in the upper courses of the Asón and Agüera rivers, near the border with Vizcaya in the Basque Country. The comarca encompasses the basin of the Asón river and its tributaries such as the Gándara.", "title": "Asón-Agüera" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Tekezé River rises in the central Ethiopian Highlands near Mount Qachen within Lasta, from where it flows west, north, then west again, forming the westernmost border of Ethiopia and Eritrea from the confluence of the Tomsa with the Tekezé at to the tripoint between the two countries and Sudan at . After entering northeastern Sudan at the tripoint it joins the Atbarah River, which is a tributary of the Nile. The Tekezé is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the former follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers.", "title": "Tekezé River" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The South Nahanni River originates on the western slopes of Mount Christie of the Mackenzie Mountains, at an elevation of 1,600 metres (5,200 ft). It flows south on the Yukon – Northwest Territories border for 10 kilometres (6 mi), then turns south-east into the Northwest Territories at the Moose Ponds. It flows through the Selwyn Mountains, where it receives the waters of the Little Nahanni River, south of the Sapper Range.", "title": "South Nahanni River" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tongue River is a tributary of the Pembina River in northeastern North Dakota in the United States. It drains an area of the prairie country near the Canada–US border in the extreme northeast corner of the state in the watershed of the Red River.", "title": "Tongue River (North Dakota)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands. The biggest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about 1,230 km (760 mi),[note 2][note 1] with an average discharge of about 2,900 m3/s (100,000 cu ft/s).", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Atbarah River (; transliterated: Nahr 'Atbarah) in northeast Africa rises in northwest Ethiopia, approximately 50 km north of Lake Tana and 30 km west of Gondar. It flows about 805 km (500 mi) to the Nile in north-central Sudan, joining it at the city of Atbarah (). The river's tributary, the Tekezé (Setit) River, is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the Tekezé follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) in northeastern Sudan. The Atbarah is the last tributary of the Nile before it reaches the Mediterranean.", "title": "Atbarah River" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beyeda is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Located in the easternmost point of the Semien Gondar Zone, Beyeda is bordered on the south by the Wag Hemra Zone, on the west by Jan Amora, on the north by Tselemt, and on the east by the Tekezé River which separates it from the Tigray Region. The major town in Beyeda is Dil Yibza.", "title": "Beyeda" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatarka River () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right bank tributary of the Babka River, which in turn is a tributary of the Sylva River. The river is long.", "title": "Tatarka River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originating as the Chilliwack River in Washington's North Cascades National Park, the river begins at Hannegan Pass and flows north across the Canada–United States border and into Chilliwack Lake. The river flows through Hells Gorge, a deep, dangerous-to-access gorge just below the river's headwaters that is home of a waterfall that the river drops over. The river picks up the Little Chilliwack River before crossing the border. There is a large sandy beach located where the river enters the lake, a popular recreational area among locals. The river exits the north end of the lake and flows generally west via the Chilliwack River Valley to emerge on the Fraser Lowland on the south side of the City of Chilliwack. At Vedder Crossing, the river is joined by the Sweltzer River before flowing under a bridge at which its name changes to the Vedder River, after which is flows west and north to join the Sumas River just before that river's confluence with the Fraser River at the northeast end of Sumas Mountain. The river crosses the Fraser floodplain from Vedder Crossing to its confluence with the Sumas via the Vedder Canal, which prevents the river's considerable spring freshet from flooding the surrounding farmlands and towns, and which is part of the drainage system that turned Sumas Lake into Sumas Prairie.", "title": "Vedder River" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Murray River (or River Murray) (Ngarrindjeri: Millewa, Yorta Yorta: Tongala) is Australia's longest river, at 2,508 kilometres (1,558 mi) in length. The Murray rises in the Australian Alps, draining the western side of Australia's highest mountains, and then meanders across Australia's inland plains, forming the border between the states of New South Wales and Victoria as it flows to the northwest into South Australia. It turns south at Morgan for its final 315 kilometres (196 mi), reaching the ocean at Lake Alexandrina.", "title": "Murray River" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Red River is the second - largest river basin in the southern Great Plains. It rises in two branches in the Texas Panhandle and flows east, where it acts as the border between the states of Texas and Oklahoma. It forms a short border between Texas and Arkansas before entering Arkansas, turning south near Fulton, Arkansas, and flowing into Louisiana, where it flows into the Atchafalaya River. The total length of the river is 1,360 miles (2,190 km), with a mean flow of over 57,000 cubic feet per second (1,600 m / s) at the mouth.", "title": "Red River of the South" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Balagas River is a river of northern Ethiopia. A tributary of the Tekezé, its own tributaries include the Balessa and Dorana rivers.", "title": "Balagas River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Charles River Peninsula is a nature preserve in Needham, Massachusetts owned and managed by the Trustees of Reservations. The Charles River turns nearly 180 degrees, creating the peninsula. A field on the peninsula has been farmed for roughly a century. The original acreage was given in 1960; additional land was given in 1994.", "title": "Charles River Peninsula" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lubefu River is a tributary of the Sankuru River, which in turn is a tributary of the Kasai River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "title": "Lubefu River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taguig River, (), is a river in the Philippines, a tributary of the Pasig River. It eventually joins the Pateros River, forming the common border between Pateros and Makati.", "title": "Taguig River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A small, landlocked kingdom, Swaziland is bordered in the North, West and South by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the East. Swaziland has a land area of 17,364 km2. Swaziland has four separate geographical regions. These run from North to South and are determined by altitude. Swaziland is located at approximately 26°30'S, 31°30'E. Swaziland has a wide variety of landscapes, from the mountains along the Mozambican border to savannas in the east and rain forest in the northwest. Several rivers flow through the country, such as the Great Usutu River.", "title": "Eswatini" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the late 19th century, the European imperial powers engaged in a major territorial scramble and occupied most of the continent, creating many colonial territories, and leaving only two fully independent states: Ethiopia (known to Europeans as ``Abyssinia ''), and Liberia. Egypt and Sudan were never formally incorporated into any European colonial empire; however, after the British occupation of 1882, Egypt was effectively under British administration until 1922.", "title": "Africa" } ]

[ { "answer": "Atbarah River", "id": 155787, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "What river does Tekezé River turn into?", "raw_question": "What river does Tekezé River turn into?", "statement": "The Tekezé River turns into the Atbarah River." }, { "answer": "Africa", "id": 497059, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Atbarah River >> continent", "raw_question": "#1 >> continent", "statement": "The Atbarah River is in the continent of Africa." }, { "answer": "European imperial powers", "id": 93695, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "who created the borders of Africa 's countries", "raw_question": "who created the borders of #2 's countries", "statement": "European imperial powers created the borders of Africa's countries." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Will Hay shared directorial credit with Basil Dearden following on from their previous collaboration, The Black Sheep of Whitehall. Art Director, Michael Relph described Dearden and Hay's input as directors 'Basil was very expert at directing comedy, and that is what he contributed when working with Will Hay. Hay was important as a star, and he could more or less dictate what he wanted to direct, but really he did not direct. Basil directed and supplied all the expertise that Hay probably lacked.' Barry Morse who played Kurt had a slightly different take on the directorial responsibilities. 'Basil Dearden was largely concerned with purely technical things, angles, lenses, lighting details. He didn't have a very active part, it seemed to me, in the actual performance directing. That was something which Will Hay had a certain amount to do with.'\"The Goose Steps Out\" is also noted as the film debut of a young Peter Ustinov.", "title": "The Goose Steps Out" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Billy Joe Gibson (June 28, 1919October 19, 2002) was an American football defensive back and end in the National Football League for the Cleveland Rams (1942, 1944) and the Washington Redskins (1943). Gibson also played in the All-America Football Conference for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He played college football at the University of Tulsa.", "title": "Joe Gibson" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bobo (1951–1968) was a western lowland gorilla (\"Gorilla gorilla gorilla\") who was a prominent feature of Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle, Washington, USA, from 1953 until his early death at 17 (less than half his normal lifespan). As a publicly accessible gorilla in the wake of \"King Kong\", Bobo was one of Seattle's most prominent attractions before the construction of the Space Needle and the introduction of professional sports to the city. After his death, Bobo's skin was stuffed and placed on display at Seattle's Museum of History and Industry. The remainder of his body was turned over to the University of Washington's Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture for research purposes; however, the skull went missing shortly after his autopsy and wasn't reunited with the rest of the skeleton until 2007.", "title": "Bobo (gorilla)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edwin B. Hay is a public artwork by American artist Vinnie Ream, located at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, D.C., United States. \"Edwin B. Hay\" was surveyed as part of the Smithsonian's Save Outdoor Sculpture! program in 1993. It serves as the gravesite for the Hay family.", "title": "Edwin B. Hay" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Browns relocation controversy, sometimes referred to by fans as ``The Move '', was the decision by then - Browns owner Art Modell to relocate the National Football League (NFL)'s Cleveland Browns from its long - time home of Cleveland to Baltimore during the 1995 NFL season. Subsequent legal actions by the city of Cleveland and Browns season ticket holders led the NFL to broker a compromise that saw the Browns history, records, and intellectual property remain in Cleveland. In return, Modell was permitted to move his football organization to Baltimore where he established the Baltimore Ravens. The Ravens are officially regarded by the NFL as an expansion team that began play in 1996. The city of Cleveland agreed to demolish Cleveland Stadium and build a new stadium on the same site, and the NFL agreed to reactivate the Browns by the 1999 season through either an expansion draft or a relocated franchise. The Browns were officially reactivated in 1998 through the expansion process and resumed play in 1999.", "title": "Cleveland Browns relocation controversy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cleveland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,990 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Punta Gorda Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Cleveland, Florida" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Needle and the Damage Done\" is a song by Neil Young that describes the destruction caused by the heroin addiction of musicians he knew including his friend and Crazy Horse bandmate Danny Whitten. It previews the theme of the \"Tonight's the Night\" album that reflects Young's grief over the heroin overdose and death of both Whitten and Bruce Berry, a roadie for Young and Crazy Horse.", "title": "The Needle and the Damage Done" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Needle in the Hay\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. It was released on January 1, 1995 by record label Kill Rock Stars as the sole single from his second studio album, \"Elliott Smith\".", "title": "Needle in the Hay" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shady Hollow is a census-designated place (CDP) in southwestern Travis County, Texas, United States, and is part of the City of Austin. It is located ten miles (16 km) southwest of Downtown Austin, near the Travis/Hays county line. The population was 5,004 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Shady Hollow, Texas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the liner notes, the album is dedicated to the memory of fellow Los Angeles-based musician Elliott Smith and to Bomp! Records founder Greg Shaw.", "title": "Surgery (album)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The professional American football franchise now known as the Los Angeles Rams played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Rams from the 1995 through the 2015 seasons. The Rams franchise relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, which had been without a National Football League (NFL) team since the Cardinals moved to Phoenix, Arizona, in 1988. The Rams' first home game in St. Louis was at Busch Memorial Stadium against the New Orleans Saints on September 10, 1995, before the Trans World Dome (later the Edward Jones Dome, and now known as The Dome at America's Center) was completed for their November 12 game against the Carolina Panthers. Their last game played at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis was against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 17, 2015, which they won, 31 -- 23. The Rams' last game as a St. Louis - based club was on January 3, 2016, against the San Francisco 49ers at Levi's Stadium, where they lost in overtime 19 -- 16.", "title": "History of the St. Louis Rams" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sudhakar Ram was born on 8 September 1960 in Chennai. His early childhood and schooling was in Delhi and Kolkata. When he was eight, his family moved to Chennai. Sudhakar Ram graduated in Commerce from Loyola College, Chennai and completed his MBA from IIM Calcutta. He was the silver medalist at IIM-C. At IIM-C, he developed a keen interest in computers.", "title": "Sudhakar Ram" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The general selection process of each season is begun by the production team with open auditions held in various cities across the United States. Dubbed ``Producers' Auditions '', they are held months before the main stage of auditions are held. Those that make it through the initial stage, become participants in the`` Judges' Auditions'', which are held in select cities across the country, and attended by the judges. Each participant is held offstage and awaits their turn to perform before the judges, whereupon they are given 90 seconds to demonstrate their act, with a live audience present for all performances. At the end of a performance, the judges give constructive criticism and feedback about what they saw, whereupon they each give a vote - a participant who receives a majority vote approving their performance, moves on to the next stage, otherwise they are eliminated from the programme at that stage. Each judge is given a buzzer, and may use it during a performance if they are unimpressed, hate what is being performed, or feel the act is a waste of their time; if a participant is buzzed by all judges, their performance is automatically over and they are eliminated without being given a vote. Many acts that move on may be cut by producers and may forfeit due to the limited slots available for the second performance. Filming for each season always takes place when the Judges' Auditions are taking place, with the show's presenter standing in the wings of each venue's stage to interview and give personal commentary on a participant's performance.", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ryan Tucker (born June 12, 1975) is a retired offensive tackle who played for the St. Louis Rams and Cleveland Browns in the National Football League. He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the fourth round of the 1997 NFL Draft. He played college football at Texas Christian.", "title": "Ryan Tucker" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team that play in the National Football League (NFL). The Rams franchise was founded in 1936 as the Cleveland Rams in the short - lived second American Football League before joining the NFL the next year. In 1946, the franchise moved to Los Angeles. The Rams franchise remained in the metro area until 1994, when they moved to St. Louis, and were known as the St. Louis Rams from 1995 to 2015. The Rams franchise returned to Los Angeles in 2016. This article chronicles the franchise's history during their time in Los Angeles, from playing at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum between 1946 and 1979, to playing at Anaheim Stadium (now known as Angel Stadium of Anaheim) in Anaheim from 1980 to 1994, and its return to Southern California beginning with the 2016 season.", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport included in the Olympics, in 1908. The four Olympic disciplines are men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating. From novice through senior - level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (short and long) which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves.", "title": "Figure skating" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Pops Orchestra is a non-profit professional American pops orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio. As is typical of pops orchestras, the ensemble performs popular music (generally traditional pop), cinematic music, jazz, and show tunes as well as well-known classical works. The orchestra was founded in 1995 and performs most of its concerts at Severance Hall. The orchestra enjoys a friendly relationship with the Cleveland Orchestra and has appeared in concert at the Cleveland Orchestra's Blossom Festival. The orchestra is led by conductor Carl Topilow.", "title": "Cleveland Pops Orchestra" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mera Joota Hai Japani (Hindi: मेरा जूता है जापानी; Urdu: میرا جوتا ہے جاپانى ‬ ‎ ALA - LC: Merā Jūtā hai Jāpānī IPA: (meːrɑː d͡ʒuːt̪ɑː hɛː d͡ʒɑːpɑːniː) lit. My Shoes are Japanese) is a Hindi song with music by Shankar Jaikishan and lyrics by Shailendra, written for the 1955 Bollywood film Shree 420. It was performed by popular Bollywood star Raj Kapoor, though actually sung by playback singer Mukesh.", "title": "Mera Joota Hai Japani" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 season saw the Rams attempting to improve upon their 7 -- 9 record from 2015. After a stunning 3 -- 1 start, the Rams would massively struggle in the second half, going 1 -- 11 in their final 12 games, en route to a 4 -- 12 record. The Rams also went 1 -- 7 at home in 2016, their worst home record since going 0 -- 8 at home in their 1 -- 15 2009 season. The Rams also missed the playoffs for the 12th straight season, the 3rd longest current streak in the NFL. Only the Buffalo Bills and Cleveland Browns have longer such streaks. They also clinched their 13th straight losing season, which is the longest current streak in the NFL. The Rams were also the only team to lose to the 49ers in 2016, as both wins for the 49ers were against the Rams.", "title": "2016 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lovers Made Men, alternatively titled The Masque of Lethe or The Masque at Lord Hay's, was a Jacobean era masque, written by Ben Jonson, designed by Inigo Jones, and with music composed by Nicholas Lanier. It was performed on Saturday 22 February 1617, and was significant in the development and acceptance of opera in seventeenth-century England.", "title": "Lovers Made Men" } ]

[ { "answer": "Elliott Smith", "id": 784284, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Needle in the Hay >> performer", "raw_question": "Needle in the Hay >> performer", "statement": "Elliott Smith was the performer of Needle in the Hay." }, { "answer": "Los Angeles", "id": 434582, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Elliott Smith >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Elliott Smith died in Los Angeles." }, { "answer": "1946", "id": 74310, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "when did the cleveland rams move to Los Angeles", "raw_question": "when did the cleveland rams move to #2", "statement": "The Cleveland Rams moved to Los Angeles in 1946." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "June 17–19, 2010During Petersburg Economic Forum, President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev visited the exhibit of the Commission on modernization and technological development of the economy of Russia, where he watched the demonstration of Corporation’s developments in the field of 3D TV, namely, the first Russian 3D channel – 3DV.", "title": "General Satellite" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City had surpassed Guthrie, the territorial capital, as the population center and commercial hub of the new state. Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's 1946 jazz classic, \"(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66\", later made famous by artist Nat King Cole.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xichang Qingshan Airport () is an airport serving Xichang, the capital city of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, China. The airport started an expansion project in February 2010.", "title": "Xichang Qingshan Airport" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach.", "title": "2014 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ashes and Snow by Canadian artist Gregory Colbert is an installation of photographic artworks, films, and a novel in letters that travels in the Nomadic Museum, a temporary structure built exclusively to house the exhibition. The work explores the shared poetic sensibilities of human beings and animals. \"Ashes and Snow\" has traveled to Venice, New York City, Santa Monica, Tokyo, and Mexico City. To date, \"Ashes and Snow\" has attracted more than 10 million visitors, making it the most attended exhibition by a living artist in history.", "title": "Ashes and Snow" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Accra Milo Marathon is an annual event held in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. It has been held since 1987 and is still moving ahead. Winners of this event are usually sent to compete in the Amsterdam Marathon. It starts at the Point in Nungua and the finish line is at the Dansoman Keep Fit Club. It is normally run in September but sometimes October when the need arises.", "title": "Accra Milo Marathon" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heian - kyō (平安京, literally ``tranquility and peace capital '') was one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto. It was the official capital of Japan for over one thousand years, from 794 to 1868 with an interruption in 1180.", "title": "Heian-kyō" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos (1534 -- 1763) Salvador (1572 -- 1578 / 1581) -- capital city of the State of Maranhão Salvador (1621 -- 1640) -- capital city of the State of Maranhão under the Iberian Union São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro (1572 -- 1578 / 1581) -- capital city of the State of Brazil Rio de Janeiro (1763 -- 1815) -- capital city of the Viceroyalty of Brazil Rio de Janeiro (1815 -- 1822) -- capital city of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Rio de Janeiro (1822 -- 1889) -- capital city of the Empire of Brazil Rio de Janeiro (1889 -- 1960) -- capital city of the Republic of the United States of Brazil Brasília (1960 -- present) -- capital city of the Republic of the United States of Brazil, and since 1967 the Federative Republic of Brazil", "title": "Capitals of Brazil" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia, making it Europe's most populated inland city. The city is well known for its architecture, particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil's Cathedral with its brightly coloured domes. With over 40 percent of its territory covered by greenery, it is one of the greenest capitals and major cities in Europe and the world, having the largest forest in an urban area within its borders -- more than any other major city -- even before its expansion in 2012. The city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Russian Empire to the Soviet Union and the contemporary Russian Federation.", "title": "Moscow" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京, \"Southern Capital\") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means \"Southern Capital\" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century AD to 1949. Prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, Nanjing's city name was spelled as Nanking or Nankin. Nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name Jiangning (江寧), whose former character Jiang (江, River) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (寧, simplified form 宁, Peace) is the short name of Nanjing. When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. Although as a city located in southern part of China becoming Chinese national capital as early as in Jin dynasty, the name Nanjing was designated to the city in Ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. Nanjing is particularly known as Jinling (金陵, literally meaning Gold Mountain) and the old name has been used since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Snow cover (averaging 3 -- 5 months per year) is formed at the beginning of November and melts in beginning of April, but in recent years snow cover has lasted shorter than usual. For example, in the winter of 2006 -- 2007 the snow cover did n't form until the end of January, and melted at the beginning of March; in 2007 -- 2008, the snow cover melted at the end of February, and in the 2008 -- 2009 winter, snow cover did n't form until the end of December, which is one month later than usual. Yet in 2011 - 2012 it melted in the middle of April.", "title": "Climate of Moscow" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Persians were present in the region since the 9th century BC, and became rulers of a large empire under the reign of the Achaemenid Dynasty in the 6th century BC. The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located around the modern-day city of Shiraz.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered \"Untermenschen\" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communism and financial capitalism, both of which they opposed. Consequently, Nazi theory held that Slavs in the Soviet Union were being ruled by \"Jewish Bolshevik\" masters. In 1934, Hitler himself had spoken of an inescapable battle against both Pan-Slavism and Neo-Slavism, the victory in which would lead to \"permanent mastery of the world\", though he stated that they would \"walk part of the road with the Russians, if that will help us.\" The resulting manifestation of German anti-Bolshevism and an increase in Soviet foreign debts caused German–Soviet trade to dramatically decline.[b] Imports of Soviet goods to Germany fell to 223 million Reichsmarks in 1934 as the more isolationist Stalinist regime asserted power and the abandonment of post–World War I Treaty of Versailles military controls decreased Germany's reliance on Soviet imports.[clarification needed]", "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 20, 1988, after a week of growing demonstrations in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (the Armenian majority area within Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic), the Regional Soviet voted to secede and join with the Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia. This local vote in a small, remote part of the Soviet Union made headlines around the world; it was an unprecedented defiance of republic and national authorities. On February 22, 1988, in what became known as the \"Askeran clash\", two Azerbaijanis were killed by Karabakh police. These deaths, announced on state radio, led to the Sumgait Pogrom. Between February 26 and March 1, the city of Sumgait (Azerbaijan) saw violent anti-Armenian rioting during which 32 people were killed. The authorities totally lost control and occupied the city with paratroopers and tanks; nearly all of the 14,000 Armenian residents of Sumgait fled.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stanislav Mikhaĭlovich Menʹshikov (; 12 May 1927; Moscow – 13 November 2014; Amsterdam), was a Russian economist and former Soviet diplomat. He is the author of numerous publications in Russian and English including \"The Anatomy of Russian Capitalism\", and a chapter in \"Capitalism, Communism and Coexistence\". Menshikov is married to fellow economist Larissa Klimenko-Menshikova and is currently Professor at the Central Economic Mathematical Institute at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow.", "title": "Stanislav Menshikov" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet Union entered a series of Five - Year Plans which began in 1928 under the rule of Joseph Stalin. Stalin launched what would be referred as a ``revolution from above ''to improve the Soviet Union's domestic policy, more importantly centered around rapid industrialization and secondly, the collectivization of agriculture. His desire was to rid the country of all record that capitalism once existed there under the New Economic Policy.", "title": "First five-year plan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to the World War II Victory Parade of 1945. April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR, and is celebrated today in Russia as one of the official \"Commemorative Dates of Russia.\" In 2011, it was declared the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations.", "title": "Space Race" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dnipro Metro (; ) is a single-line rapid transit system that serves the city of Dnipro, the fourth largest city in Ukraine by population. The metro was the third system constructed in Ukraine, after the Kiev and Kharkiv metro systems, respectively, when it opened on December 29, 1995. The metro was the fourteenth built in the former Soviet Union region, and the first to open after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.", "title": "Dnipro Metro" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chand kingdom was established by Som Chand, who came here from Kannauj near Allahabad, sometime in the 10th century, and displaced the Katyuri Kings (कत्यूरी नरेश), originally from Katyur valley near Joshimath, who had been ruling the area from the 7th century AD. He continued to call his state Kurmanchal, and established its capital in Champawat in Kali Kumaon, called so, due to its vicinity to river Kali. Many temples built in this former capital city, during the 11th and 12th century exist today, this include the Baleshwar and Nagnath temples.", "title": "Chand kings" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" } ]

[ { "answer": "Russia", "id": 159224, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "where was the exhibit held?", "raw_question": "where was the exhibit held?", "statement": "The exhibit was held in Russia." }, { "answer": "Moscow", "id": 51602, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "which city was the capital of the former soviet union and is today the capital of Russia", "raw_question": "which city was the capital of the former soviet union and is today the capital of #1", "statement": "Moscow was the capital of the former Soviet Union and is today the capital of Russia." }, { "answer": "the beginning of November", "id": 90300, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "when does it start to snow in Moscow", "raw_question": "when does it start to snow in #2", "statement": "It starts to snow in Moscow at the beginning of November." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Color temperature for white light sources also affects their use for certain applications. The color temperature of a white light source is the temperature in Kelvin of a theoretical black body emitter that most closely matches the spectral characteristics of the lamp. An incandescent bulb has a color temperature around 2800 to 3000 Kelvin; daylight is around 6400 Kelvin. Lower color temperature lamps have relatively more energy in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum, while high color temperatures correspond to lamps with more of a blue-white appearance. For critical inspection or color matching tasks, or for retail displays of food and clothing, the color temperature of the lamps will be selected for the best overall lighting effect.", "title": "Lighting" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "title": "Albano Carrisi" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Dance into the Light\" is a song performed by Phil Collins and released in 1996 as the first single from the album \"Dance into the Light\".", "title": "Dance into the Light (song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One distinctive feature of the companies was that they included only males. Female parts were played by adolescent boy players in women's costume. Some companies were composed entirely of boy players. Performances in the public theatres (like the Globe) took place in the afternoon with no artificial lighting, but when, in the course of a play, the light began to fade, candles were lit. In the enclosed private theatres (like the Blackfriars) artificial lighting was used throughout. Plays contained little to no scenery as the scenery was described by the actors or indicated by costume through the course of the play.", "title": "English Renaissance theatre" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amer Hrustanović (born June 11, 1988 in Zvornik, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia) is an amateur Austrian Greco-Roman wrestler, who competes in the men's light heavyweight category. He holds both Austrian and Bosnian citizenship in order to compete internationally in wrestling, including the Olympic games. Hrustanovic is also a member of the wrestling team for AC Wals in Salzburg, and is coached and trained by Marco Haring Hannes.", "title": "Amer Hrustanović" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Analysis of lighting quality particularly emphasizes use of natural lighting, but also considers spectral content if artificial light is to be used. Not only will greater reliance on natural light reduce energy consumption, but will favorably impact human health and performance. New studies have shown that the performance of students is influenced by the time and duration of daylight in their regular schedules. Designing school facilities to incorporate the right types of light at the right time of day for the right duration may improve student performance and well-being. Similarly, designing lighting systems that maximize the right amount of light at the appropriate time of day for the elderly may help relieve symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. The human circadian system is entrained to a 24-hour light-dark pattern that mimics the earth’s natural light/dark pattern. When those patterns are disrupted, they disrupt the natural circadian cycle. Circadian disruption may lead to numerous health problems including breast cancer, seasonal affective disorder, delayed sleep phase syndrome, and other ailments.", "title": "Lighting" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Time to Hunt is a 1999 thriller novel, and the third in the Bob Lee Swagger series by Stephen Hunter. In narrative sequence it is preceded by \"Point of Impact\" and \"Black Light\".", "title": "Time to Hunt" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "David DeFeis (born January 4, 1961) is an American singer, keyboard player, songwriter and producer. He is the main composer and leader of the heavy metal band Virgin Steele.", "title": "David DeFeis" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As with the previous effort, several heavy metal singers were invited to play the characters of the story of the album, with female vocalist Elize Ryd of Amaranthe reprising her role and Floor Jansen (Nightwish, ReVamp) playing the main character. The rest of the cast includes Fabio Lione (Rhapsody of Fire, Angra), David DeFeis (Virgin Steele), Simone Simons (Epica), Caterina Nix (solo Chilean singer who is having her debut album produced by Timo Tolkki) and Zachary Stevens (ex-Savatage, Circle II Circle).", "title": "Angels of the Apocalypse" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the last years of the nineteenth century, Planck was investigating the problem of black-body radiation first posed by Kirchhoff some forty years earlier. It is well known that hot objects glow, and that hotter objects glow brighter than cooler ones. The electromagnetic field obeys laws of motion similarly to a mass on a spring, and can come to thermal equilibrium with hot atoms. The hot object in equilibrium with light absorbs just as much light as it emits. If the object is black, meaning it absorbs all the light that hits it, then its thermal light emission is maximized.", "title": "Planck constant" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term \"African\" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it would give ammunition to those who were advocating repatriating black people back to Africa. In 1835, black leaders called upon Black Americans to remove the title of \"African\" from their institutions and replace it with \"Negro\" or \"Colored American\". A few institutions chose to keep their historic names, such as the African Methodist Episcopal Church. African Americans popularly used the terms \"Negro\" or \"colored\" for themselves until the late 1960s.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Black Light Bacchanalia is the twelfth album by New York heavy/power metal group Virgin Steele, released via SPV/Steamhammer on October 22, 2010 in Germany, Austria & Switzerland, and the rest of Europe on October 25, 2010 & on November 9, 2010, in the USA.", "title": "The Black Light Bacchanalia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "title": "Telman Ismailov" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Until the Light Takes Us is a 2008 American documentary film about Norwegian black metal by the directors Aaron Aites and Audrey Ewell. It was released on December 4, 2009.", "title": "Until the Light Takes Us" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 47th Samurai is a 2007 thriller novel, and the fourth in the Bob Lee Swagger series by Stephen Hunter. In narrative sequence it is preceded by \"Point of Impact\", \"Black Light\", and \"Time to Hunt\".", "title": "The 47th Samurai" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "title": "Errol Nolan" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Dakota 2015 Standard issue Legendary black on light blue gradient fade to sunrise with prairie scene and buffalo graphic Screened serial; Reflective sheeting 123 ABC", "title": "United States license plate designs and serial formats" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An Audience with... was a British entertainment television show produced by London Weekend Television (now part of ITV Studios), in which a host, usually a singer or comedian, performed for an invited audience of celebrity guests, interspersed with questions from the audience, in a light hearted revue/tribute style.", "title": "An Audience with..." }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom held a national pre-selection to choose the song that would go to the Eurovision Song Contest 1974. It was held on 23 February 1974 and presented by Jimmy Savile as part of the BBC1 TV series Clunk, Click... As It Happens, with Olivia Newton - John selected to perform all of the entries, in part due to the recommendation of her close friend Cliff Richard. Originally, as with 1973, Cilla Black's 1974 nine - part BBC series was scheduled to feature the 'Song for Europe' process, but Black was uncomfortable at promoting another female singer (Newton - John) each week throughout the series' run and in a rather last minute decision, the BBC arranged to move the process to another show. This necessitated a truncating of the regularly established format of the chosen artist performing one song a week on the given series, so it was planned that Newton - John would perform two songs a week for three weeks once the series started. However, a BBC strike led to the cancellation of the first show, so another revision was needed and Olivia performed three songs a show over two programmes. In the final, her performances were immediately repeated before viewers were asked to cast votes via postcards through the mail to choose the winner. An extremely low postal vote led to Long Live Love winning with just 27,387 votes.", "title": "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974" } ]

[ { "answer": "Virgin Steele", "id": 395606, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "The Black Light Bacchanalia >> performer", "raw_question": "The Black Light Bacchanalia >> performer", "statement": "Virgin Steele is the performer of The Black Light Bacchanalia." }, { "answer": "David DeFeis", "id": 355553, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Virgin Steele >> has part", "raw_question": "#1 >> has part", "statement": "David DeFeis is a part of the band Virgin Steele." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 476740, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "David DeFeis >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#2 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "David DeFeis is an American citizen." } ]

[ "the US", "USA", "the USA", "the United States", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sailen Sarkar was a Communist Party of India (Marxist) politician, a minister in the state government, five-time legislator and a CPI(M) secretariate member.", "title": "Sailen Sarkar" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In early 1995, Mars ran a promotion in which consumers were invited to vote on which of blue, pink, or purple would replace the tan M&M's. Blue was the winner with 54% of the votes. It replaced tan in late 1995. Consumers could vote by calling 1 - 800 - FUN - COLOR. Ads for the new blue colors featured a plain and an almond blue M&M character as Red and Yellow take notice of trying to do takes in the commercial by painting themselves blue where they appear on stage with B.B. King singing the blues, but the filmmakers had to cut the scene as they were not the real blue M&M's; another featured Red and Yellow holding their breath to look like the new blue M&M's, where Steven Weber sees the three M&M's, Red, Yellow, and Blue; and one more featuring Weber talking to the blue M&M if he had dived into the chocolate pool, but did not.", "title": "M&M's" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ralph George McInerney (December 14, 1897 – ) was a lawyer, insurance broker and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented the city of Saint John in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1939 to 1948 as a Conservative member.", "title": "Ralph McInerney" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Herbert Moore \"Harry\" Wicks (1889–1956), best known as \"Harry M. Wicks,\" was an American radical journalist and politician who was a founding member of the Communist Party of America. He was a plenipotentiary representative of the Communist International to Australia in 1930-31 and there directed the reorganization of the structure and leadership of the Communist Party of Australia.", "title": "H. M. Wicks" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henri M. Robicheau (September 12, 1838 – May 4, 1923) was a farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Digby County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1874 to 1890 as a Liberal member.", "title": "Henri M. Robicheau" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roshy Augustine (born 20 January 1969) is a Member of Kerala Legislative Assembly from Idukki constituency, Kerala, India representing Kerala Congress (M). He was born to Augustine Thomas and Leelamma on 20 January 1969 at Palai. He started his political career for his school level. He was the leader of Edakkoli Government High School Parliament, Unit President of Kerala Students Congress (M) in St. Thomas College, Pala, State General Secretary and President of Kerala Students Congress (M), Member of Kerala State Legal Aid and Advisory Board and Director Board Member of Ramapuram Service Co-Operative Bank. Now he is the General Secretary of Kerala Congress (M).", "title": "Roshy Augustine" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Angelo M. Scaccia is an American state legislator serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He is a Readville resident and a member of the Democratic Party.", "title": "Angelo Scaccia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "M. A. Bonnie Brown (born March 2, 1941) is the former Member of Parliament for the riding of Oakville and a member of the Liberal Party of Canada. She is considered a left-wing Liberal, politically.", "title": "Bonnie Brown (politician)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas M. McKee (born March 13, 1941) is an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, McKee is a state representative from Kentucky's 78th district.", "title": "Tom McKee" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert M. Shrum (born July 21, 1943) is the Director of the Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics and the Carmen H. and Louis Warschaw Chair in Practical Politics at the University of Southern California, where he is a Professor of the Practice of Political Science in the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences. He is a former American political consultant, who has worked on numerous Democratic campaigns, including as senior advisor to the Kerry-Edwards campaign in 2004 and to the Gore-Lieberman campaign in 2000. Shrum wrote the famous speech Ted Kennedy gave at the 1980 Democratic National Convention conceding to and supporting President Jimmy Carter. The Atlantic Monthly described him as \"the most sought-after consultant in the Democratic Party.\" Shrum served as speechwriter to New York Mayor John V. Lindsay from 1970 to 1971, speechwriter to Senator George McGovern's 1972 Presidential campaign and speechwriter and press secretary to Senator Edward M. Kennedy from 1980 to 1984 and political consultant until 2009.", "title": "Bob Shrum" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of France controlled the Louisiana territory from 1699 until it was ceded to Spain in 1762. In 1800, Napoleon, then the First Consul of the French Republic, hoping to re-establish an empire in North America, regained ownership of Louisiana. However, France's failure to put down the revolt in Saint - Domingue, coupled with the prospect of renewed warfare with the United Kingdom, prompted Napoleon to sell Louisiana to the United States to fund his military. The Americans originally sought to purchase only the port city of New Orleans and its adjacent coastal lands, but quickly accepted the bargain. The Louisiana Purchase occurred during the term of the third President of the United States, Thomas Jefferson. Before the purchase was finalized, the decision faced Federalist Party opposition; they argued that it was unconstitutional to acquire any territory. Jefferson agreed that the U.S. Constitution did not contain explicit provisions for acquiring territory, but he asserted that his constitutional power to negotiate treaties was sufficient.", "title": "Louisiana Purchase" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Juan Garay (August 20, 1928 - May 2009) was an Argentine swimmer who competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in the 400 m freestyle, 1500 m freestyle and the 4×200 m freestyle relay, reaching the final in the latter and coming 6th.", "title": "Juan Garay" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "M. Krishnasamy is an Indian politician and incumbent member of the Parliament of India from Arani Constituency. He represents the Indian National Congress party.", "title": "M. Krishnasamy" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pat Sajak Sajak in 2006 Patrick Leonard Sajdak (1946 - 10 - 26) October 26, 1946 (age 71) Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Alma mater Columbia College Chicago Occupation Television personality, game show host, former DJ and TV weatherman Years active 1975 -- present Political party Republican Spouse (s) Sherrill Sajak (m. 1979; div. 1986) Lesly Brown (m. 1989) Children", "title": "Pat Sajak" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Monroe's second term marked the end of the Virginia Dynasty. In the election of 1824, supporters of William H. Crawford portrayed him as \"the rightful and legitimate successor of the Virginia Dynasty,\" but the Democratic-Republican Party splintered. John Quincy Adams won the disputed 1824 election over General Andrew Jackson of Tennessee, then considered to be part of the Southwest.", "title": "Virginia dynasty" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "M&M's originated in the United States in 1941, and are now sold in as many as 100 countries. More than 400 million individual M&M's are produced every day in the United States. They are produced in different colors, some of which have changed over the years. The candy - coated chocolate concept was inspired by a method used to allow soldiers to carry chocolate without having it melt. The company's longest - lasting slogan reflects this: ``Melts in your mouth, not in your hand. ''", "title": "M&M's" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean Baptiste Plauché (28 January 1785 – 2 January 1860) was a Louisiana soldier and politician. He was Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana, from 1850 to 1853 serving under Governor Joseph M. Walker.", "title": "Jean Baptiste Plauché" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The top ten (eleven in season ten) toured at the end of every season. In the season twelve tour a semi-finalist who won a sing-off was also added to the tour. Kellogg's Pop-Tarts was the sponsor for the first seven seasons, and Guitar Hero was added for the season seven tour. M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies was a sponsor of the season nine tour. The season five tour was the most successful tour with gross of over $35 million.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "M. Indira served as the Member of the Legislative Assembly for Shadnagar constituency in Andhra Pradesh, India, between 1985 and 1989. They represented the Telugu Desam Party.", "title": "M. Indira" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poland Comes First (), also rendered as Poland is the Most Important, and abbreviated to PJN, was a centre-right, conservative liberal, political party in Poland. It was formed as a more moderate breakaway group from Law and Justice (PiS). By early 2011, the party had eighteen members of the Sejm, one member of the Senate, and three members of the European Parliament. Poland Comes First ceased to exist as a political party in December 2013, when it joined the new centre-right party led by Jarosław Gowin named Poland Together.", "title": "Poland Comes First" } ]

[ { "answer": "the United States", "id": 60406, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "where does m & m chocolate come from", "raw_question": "where does m & m chocolate come from", "statement": "M&M's chocolate comes from the United States." }, { "answer": "Thomas Jefferson", "id": 72477, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "who brokered the purchase of louisiana for the United States", "raw_question": "who brokered the purchase of louisiana for #1", "statement": "Thomas Jefferson brokered the purchase of Louisiana for the United States." }, { "answer": "Democratic-Republican Party", "id": 196273, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Thomas Jefferson >> member of political party", "raw_question": "#2 >> member of political party", "statement": "Thomas Jefferson was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Summit, as the lowest point in the mountains separating the two locations, was a natural site for the road, which was completed by 1901. To supply even faster communications, the U.S. military began the construction of Washington-Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph System, of which Eagle would be the northernmost point. Telegraph lines were strung over American Summit in 1902, and an undersea cable connected Valdez to Seattle in 1904. After 1909, when a radio link was established, the telegraph line was abandoned. The road remained and was improved so that by the 1920s, the first automobiles climbed American Summit. In World War II, construction of the Alaska Highway also spurred work on that highway's side roads, and a project to improve the trail was begun in 1945. By 1953, the result was the Taylor Highway, a seasonal route that still connects Eagle to the outside world over American Summit.", "title": "American Summit" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsk is served by the Khabarovsk Novy Airport with international flights to East Asia, Southeast Asia, European Russia, and Central Asia.", "title": "Khabarovsk" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As reflected in the 2010 United States Census, Alaska has a total of 355 incorporated cities and census-designated places (CDPs). The tally of cities includes four unified municipalities, essentially the equivalent of a consolidated city–county. The majority of these communities are located in the rural expanse of Alaska known as \"The Bush\" and are unconnected to the contiguous North American road network. The table at the bottom of this section lists the 100 largest cities and census-designated places in Alaska, in population order.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Starting in the 1890s and stretching in some places to the early 1910s, gold rushes in Alaska and the nearby Yukon Territory brought thousands of miners and settlers to Alaska. Alaska was officially incorporated as an organized territory in 1912. Alaska's capital, which had been in Sitka until 1906, was moved north to Juneau. Construction of the Alaska Governor's Mansion began that same year. European immigrants from Norway and Sweden also settled in southeast Alaska, where they entered the fishing and logging industries.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occasionally smoldering volcano that rises to 10,000 feet (3,048 m) above the North Pacific. It is the most perfect volcanic cone on Earth, even more symmetrical than Japan's Mount Fuji. The chain of volcanoes extends to Mount Spurr, west of Anchorage on the mainland. Geologists have identified Alaska as part of Wrangellia, a large region consisting of multiple states and Canadian provinces in the Pacific Northwest, which is actively undergoing continent building.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gravina Island Bridge, commonly referred to as the \"Bridge to Nowhere\", was a proposed bridge to replace the ferry that currently connects the town of Ketchikan, Alaska, United States, with Gravina Island, an island that contains the Ketchikan International Airport as well as 50 residents. The bridge was projected to cost $398 million. Members of the Alaskan congressional delegation, particularly Representative Don Young and Senator Ted Stevens, were the bridge's biggest advocates in Congress, and helped push for federal funding. The project encountered fierce opposition outside Alaska as a symbol of pork barrel spending and is labeled as one of the more prominent \"bridges to nowhere\". As a result, Congress removed the federal earmark for the bridge in 2005.", "title": "Gravina Island Bridge" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed]", "title": "Geological history of Earth" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Petersville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. It is part of the Anchorage, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was four at the 2010 Census, down from 27 in 2000.", "title": "Petersville, Alaska" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Government Cable Office at 218 Sixth Street in Seward, Alaska, United States, is a historic building that served as a telegraph office that connected Seward with communications in the rest of the United States.", "title": "Government Cable Office" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alaska has vast energy resources, although its oil reserves have been largely depleted. Major oil and gas reserves were found in the Alaska North Slope (ANS) and Cook Inlet basins, but according to the Energy Information Administration, by February 2014 Alaska had fallen to fourth place in the nation in crude oil production after Texas, North Dakota, and California. Prudhoe Bay on Alaska's North Slope is still the second highest-yielding oil field in the United States, typically producing about 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d), although by early 2014 North Dakota's Bakken Formation was producing over 900,000 barrels per day (140,000 m3/d). Prudhoe Bay was the largest conventional oil field ever discovered in North America, but was much smaller than Canada's enormous Athabasca oil sands field, which by 2014 was producing about 1,500,000 barrels per day (240,000 m3/d) of unconventional oil, and had hundreds of years of producible reserves at that rate.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "title": "Demographics of the European Union" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and as of late 2011 Alaska Communications advertised that it has \"two fiber optic paths to the lower 48 and two more across Alaska. In January 2011, it was reported that a $1 billion project to run connect Asia and rural Alaska was being planned, aided in part by $350 million in stimulus from the federal government.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flight Alaska (d/b/a Yute Air) was an American airline based in Bethel, Alaska, USA. It operated scheduled services to over 22 villages in Alaska and also provided charter services throughout Alaska. Its main base was Bethel Airport. The air carrier announced abruptly that it was ceasing operations on March 5, 2017, effective immediately, with Ravn Alaska purchasing the tangible owned assets of Yute Air and replacing Yute Air on its former routes.", "title": "Flight Alaska" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Outercurve Foundation is an independent 501(c)(6) non-profit corporation founded by Microsoft. Its goal is to \"enable the exchange of code and understanding among software companies and open source communities.\" They run several software projects, some of which are connected to the .NET Framework.", "title": "Outercurve Foundation" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Also referred to as the Panhandle or Inside Passage, this is the region of Alaska closest to the rest of the United States. As such, this was where most of the initial non-indigenous settlement occurred in the years following the Alaska Purchase. The region is dominated by the Alexander Archipelago as well as the Tongass National Forest, the largest national forest in the United States. It contains the state capital Juneau, the former capital Sitka, and Ketchikan, at one time Alaska's largest city. The Alaska Marine Highway provides a vital surface transportation link throughout the area, as only three communities (Haines, Hyder and Skagway) enjoy direct connections to the contiguous North American road system.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Teofil Ociepka (April 22, 1891 in Janów Śląski – January 15, 1978 in Bydgoszcz) was a Polish self-taught primitivist painter, occultist, and theosophist. Along with Nikifor, he was one of the best known Polish primitivists.", "title": "Teofil Ociepka" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chase is a census-designated place (CDP) in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. It is part of the Anchorage, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 34 at the 2010 census, down from 41 in 2000.", "title": "Chase, Alaska" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nikifor Popov (2 June 1911, in Khabarovsk – after 1980) was a Russian long-distance runner who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1952 Summer Olympics in the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres as a 40 year old, in the process or qualifying for the Olympics setting the Masters M40 World record in the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres. His record in the 5,000 lasted just over 20 years before it was surpassed by French Olympian Michel Bernard. He is reported to have improved upon his own record in the 10,000 three years later. His 10,000 record was beaten 12 years after the initial setting by another French Olympian, 1956 Marathon gold medalist Alain Mimoun.", "title": "Nikifor Popov" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it, sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean.", "title": "Bering Sea" } ]

[ { "answer": "Khabarovsk", "id": 418854, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Nikifor Popov >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Nikifor Popov >> place of birth", "statement": "This sub-question does not provide enough information to answer the original question. The sub-question only provides the place of birth of Nikifor Popov, which is Khabarovsk, but it does not mention anything about a project to connect rural Alaska and the continent." }, { "answer": "Asia", "id": 100414, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "What continent is Khabarovsk found on?", "raw_question": "What continent is #1 found on?", "statement": "Nikifor Popov was born on the continent of Asia." }, { "answer": "2011", "id": 28721, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "In what year was a project to connect Asia and rural Alaska announced?", "raw_question": "In what year was a project to connect #2 and rural Alaska announced?", "statement": "A project to connect Asia and rural Alaska was announced in 2011." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Top and Bottom Brass is an album by trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in early 1959 and originally released on the Riverside label.", "title": "Top and Bottom Brass" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Work Time is an album by jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins, recorded for the Prestige label, featuring performances by Rollins with Ray Bryant, George Morrow, and Max Roach.", "title": "Work Time" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matador is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the United Artists label.", "title": "Matador (Kenny Dorham album)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bounce is the eighth studio album by American rock band Bon Jovi, released on October 8, 2002 through Island Records. Produced by Luke Ebbin, Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora, the album was recorded at Sanctuary II Studio in New Jersey.", "title": "Bounce (Bon Jovi album)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Easterly Winds is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.", "title": "Easterly Winds" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Joanne ''Song by Michael Nesmith from the album Magnetic South Released 1970 Recorded 1970 Genre Country rock Length 3: 10 Label RCA Victor Songwriter (s) Michael Nesmith Producer (s) Felton Jarvis", "title": "Joanne (Michael Nesmith song)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Really Big! is the second album by saxophonist Jimmy Heath featuring big band performances recorded in 1960 and originally released on the Riverside label.", "title": "Really Big!" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is \"the Most Beautiful Sound Next to Silence\", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in \"Coda\", a Canadian jazz magazine.", "title": "ECM Records" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antoine Marchand is a record label established in 2003 by the Dutch early music performer Ton Koopman. Antoine Marchand is the French translation of Ton Koopman. The label is distributed by Dutch Jazz and classics distributor Challenge.", "title": "Antoine Marchand" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Opening is a live album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring a performance recorded in Paris in 1970 and released on the French Futura label.", "title": "The Opening (album)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Lovin 'Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again) ''is a song written, composed, first recorded, and first released by Kris Kristofferson. It was also recorded and released by Roger Miller, who included it on his album The Best of Roger Miller and released it as a single in July 1971. Ten years later, it was recorded by Tompall & the Glaser Brothers for the album Lovin' Her Was Easier.", "title": "Lovin' Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"All About Lovin' You\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It was released as the third single from the band's 2002 album \"Bounce\".", "title": "All About Lovin' You" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jamal Plays Jamal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released on the 20th Century label.", "title": "Jamal Plays Jamal" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Gimme Some Lovin '''is a song written by Steve Winwood, Spencer Davis and Muff Winwood, although solely credited to Winwood on the UK single label, and performed by the Spencer Davis Group. The basic riff of the song was borrowed from the Homer Banks song`` (Ai n't That) A Lot of Love'', written by Banks and Willie Dean ``Deanie ''Parker.", "title": "Gimme Some Lovin'" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "African Venus is an album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman featuring performances recorded in 1992 and released on the Evidence label.", "title": "African Venus" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.", "title": "Bach to the Blues" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``You've Lost That Lovin 'Feelin' ''A-side label of US vinyl single Single by The Righteous Brothers from the album You've Lost That Lovin 'Feelin' B - side`` There's a Woman'' Released November 1964 Format 7 ''single Recorded October 1964 Studio Gold Star Studios, Hollywood Genre Pop, R&B, blue - eyed soul Length 3: 45 Label Philles Songwriter (s) Phil Spector, Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil Producer (s) Phil Spector The Righteous Brothers singles chronology ``My Babe'' (1963)`` You've Lost That Lovin 'Feelin' ''(1964) ``Bring Your Love to Me'' (1965)`` My Babe ''(1963) ``You've Lost That Lovin 'Feelin''' (1964)`` Bring Your Love to Me ''(1965)", "title": "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Antidote is the debut album by English jazz guitarist Ronny Jordan, that was released by Island Records in 1992.", "title": "The Antidote (Ronny Jordan album)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Voice That Is! is an album by American jazz vocalist Johnny Hartman featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "The Voice That Is!" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)\" is a 1971 song written by Billy Sherrill and recorded by Tammy Wynette. \"Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)\" was Tammy Wynette's ninth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and a total of spent fifteen weeks on the country chart.", "title": "Good Lovin' (Makes It Right)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bon Jovi", "id": 655091, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "All About Lovin' You >> performer", "raw_question": "All About Lovin' You >> performer", "statement": "Bon Jovi." }, { "answer": "Island Records", "id": 763924, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Bon Jovi >> record label", "raw_question": "#1 >> record label", "statement": "Bon Jovi belongs to Island Records." }, { "answer": "jaz", "id": 573834, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Island Records >> genre", "raw_question": "#2 >> genre", "statement": "Island Records releases jazz music." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at the Dutch border. The Aare also contains the waters from the 4,274 m (14,022 ft) summit of Finsteraarhorn, the highest point of the Rhine basin. The Rhine roughly forms the German-Swiss border from Lake Constance with the exceptions of the canton of Schaffhausen and parts of the cantons of Zürich and Basel-Stadt, until it turns north at the so-called Rhine knee at Basel, leaving Switzerland.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada ( ) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern border with the United States, stretching some , is the world's longest bi-national land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.", "title": "Canada" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taal Lake, formerly known as Bombón Lake, is a freshwater lake in the province of Batangas, on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The lake fills Taal Caldera, a large volcanic caldera formed by very large eruptions between 500,000 and 100,000 years ago. It is the country's third-largest lake, after Laguna de Bay and Lake Lanao. Volcano Island, the location of Taal Volcano's historical eruptions and responsible for the lake's sulfuric content, lies near the center of the lake. There is a crater lake on Volcano Island. Known as the Yellow Lake or the Main Crater Lake, it contains its own small island, Vulcan Point. Vulcan Point was thought to be the largest third-order island in the world, but Treasure Island (Ontario) is much bigger and is thought to be the world largest, and is also on a freshwater lake.", "title": "Taal Lake" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The five Great Lakes are located in the north-central portion of the country, four of them forming part of the border with Canada, only Lake Michigan situated entirely within United States. The southeast United States contain subtropical forests and, near the gulf coast, mangrove wetlands, especially in Florida. West of the Appalachians lies the Mississippi River basin and two large eastern tributaries, the Ohio River and the Tennessee River. The Ohio and Tennessee Valleys and the Midwest consist largely of rolling hills and productive farmland, stretching south to the Gulf Coast.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany. Establishing \"natural borders\" on the Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages, though the language border was – and is – far more to the west. French leaders, such as Louis XIV and Napoleon Bonaparte, tried with varying degrees of success to annex lands west of the Rhine. The Confederation of the Rhine was established by Napoleon, as a French client state, in 1806 and lasted until 1814, during which time it served as a significant source of resources and military manpower for the First French Empire. In 1840, the Rhine crisis, prompted by French prime minister Adolphe Thiers's desire to reinstate the Rhine as a natural border, led to a diplomatic crisis and a wave of nationalism in Germany.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film was shot mostly at various locales in California. The summer camp scenes were filmed at Bluff Lake Camp (then owned by the Pasadena YMCA, now by Habonim Dror's Camp Gilboa) and the family camping scenes later in the movie at Cedar Lake Camp, both in the San Bernardino Mountains near the city of Big Bear Lake in Southern California. The Monterey scenes were filmed in various California locations, including millionaire Stuyvesant Fish's 5,200 acres (21 km) ranch in Carmel and Monterey's Pebble Beach golf course. The scenes at the Monterey house were shot at the studio's Golden Oak Ranch in Placerita Canyon, where Mitch's ranch was built. It was the design of this set that proved the most popular, and to this day the Walt Disney Archives receives requests for plans of the home's interior design. In fact, there never was such a house; the set was simply various rooms built on a sound stage. Camp Inch was based on a real girls' camp called Camp Crestridge for Girls at the Ridgecrest Baptist Conference Center near Asheville, North Carolina.", "title": "The Parent Trap (1961 film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee (\"upper lake\"), the Untersee (\"lower lake\"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein (\"Lake Rhine\"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps. Specifically, its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, the Austrian state of Vorarlberg, and the Swiss cantons of Thurgau and St. Gallen. The Rhine flows into it from the south following the Swiss-Austrian border. It is located at approximately 47°39′N 9°19′E / 47.650°N 9.317°E / 47.650; 9.317.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nilakka is a rather large lake in Northern Savonia, Finland. With the area of nearly 169 km² it is the 25th largest lake in the country. It's a shallow lake, connected by canals to upper Lake Pielavesi and lower Iisvesi.", "title": "Nilakka" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malawi (, or ; or [maláwi]), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. Malawi spans over and has an estimated population of (as of July ). Lake Malawi takes up about a third of Malawi's area. Its capital is Lilongwe, which is also Malawi's largest city; the second largest is Blantyre, the third largest is Mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital Zomba. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area. The country is also nicknamed \"\"The Warm Heart of Africa\"\" because of the friendliness of the people.", "title": "Malawi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taihu, literally the Great Lake, also known as Lake Tai or Lake Taihu, rest in the Yangtze Delta plain, is one of the largest freshwater lakes in China. The lake belongs to Jiangsu and the southern shore forms its border with Zhejiang. With an area of 2,250 square kilometers (869 sq mi) and an average depth of 2 meters (6.6 ft), it is the third-largest freshwater lake in China, after Poyang and Dongting. The lake houses about 90 islands, ranging in size from a few square meters to several square kilometers.", "title": "Lake Tai" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras.", "title": "Spectre (2015 film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Switzerland lies between latitudes 45° and 48° N, and longitudes 5° and 11° E. It contains three basic topographical areas: the Swiss Alps to the south, the Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau, and the Jura mountains on the west. The Alps are a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country, comprising about 60% of the country's total area. The majority of the Swiss population live in the Swiss Plateau. Among the high valleys of the Swiss Alps many glaciers are found, totalling an area of 1,063 square kilometres (410 sq mi). From these originate the headwaters of several major rivers, such as the Rhine, Inn, Ticino and Rhône, which flow in the four cardinal directions into the whole of Europe. The hydrographic network includes several of the largest bodies of freshwater in Central and Western Europe, among which are included Lake Geneva (also called le Lac Léman in French), Lake Constance (known as Bodensee in German) and Lake Maggiore. Switzerland has more than 1500 lakes, and contains 6% of Europe's stock of fresh water. Lakes and glaciers cover about 6% of the national territory. The largest lake is Lake Geneva, in western Switzerland shared with France. The Rhône is both the main source and outflow of Lake Geneva. Lake Constance is the second largest Swiss lake and, like the Lake Geneva, an intermediate step by the Rhine at the border to Austria and Germany. While the Rhône flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the French Camarque region and the Rhine flows into the North Sea at Rotterdam in the Netherlands, about 1000 km apart, both springs are only about 22 km apart from each other in the Swiss Alps.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Piz Denter is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Graubünden and Ticino. On its northern side (Graubünden), it overlooks the valleys of Lake Curnera and Lake Nalps, both drained by tributaries of the Rhine.", "title": "Piz Denter" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 449,964 km2 (173,732 sq mi), Sweden is the 55th-largest country in the world, the 4th-largest country entirely in Europe, and the largest in Northern Europe. The lowest elevation in Sweden is in the bay of Lake Hammarsjön, near Kristianstad, at −2.41 m (−7.91 ft) below sea level. The highest point is Kebnekaise at 2,111 m (6,926 ft) above sea level.", "title": "Sweden" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Lesina (Italian: Lago di Lesina or Laguna di Lesina), situated in the north of Apulia between Tavoliere delle Puglie and the promontory of Gargano, is the ninth largest lake in Italy and the second largest in the southern part of the country. It is about 22 km long, an average of 2.4 km wide, and covers an area of 51.4 square kilometres.", "title": "Lake Lesina" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Portugal–Spain border is 1,214 km (754 mi) long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ravalli (Salish: sk̓ʷɫólqʷe, sk̓ʷɫʔó) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lake County, Montana, United States. The population was 119 at the 2000 census. At one time Charlie Allard, the country's leading expert on breeding bison, owned the country's largest herd of buffalo in Ravalli.", "title": "Ravalli, Montana" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal). Near Sargans a natural dam, only a few metres high, prevents it from flowing into the open Seeztal valley and then through Lake Walen and Lake Zurich into the river Aare. The Alpine Rhine begins in the most western part of the Swiss canton of Graubünden, and later forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein and later Austria to the East.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya.", "title": "Libya" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Texas (/ ˈtɛksəs /, locally / ˈtɛksəz /; Spanish: Texas or Tejas, pronounced (ˈtexas)) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Geographically located in the South Central region of the country, Texas shares borders with the U.S. states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the southwest, while the Gulf of Mexico is to the southeast.", "title": "Texas" } ]

[ { "answer": "Austria.", "id": 1266, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "In which country were the scenes with Detlef Bothe shot?", "raw_question": "In which country were the scenes with Detlef Bothe shot?", "statement": "The scenes with Detlef Bothe were shot in Austria." }, { "answer": "Switzerland", "id": 41881, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "The Rhine forms the border between Austria. and what other country?", "raw_question": "The Rhine forms the border between #1 and what other country?", "statement": "The Rhine forms the border between Austria and Switzerland." }, { "answer": "Lake Geneva", "id": 22347, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "What is the largest lake in Switzerland ?", "raw_question": "What is the largest lake in #2 ?", "statement": "Lake Geneva is the largest lake in Switzerland." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "27 is an American rock band from Cambridge, Massachusetts. 27 was formed by Maria Christopher, formerly of Dirt Merchants, and Ayal Naor in 1997. 27 is commonly categorized as a rock or indie rock band, but the genres lo-fi and emo have occasionally been used to describe them.", "title": "27 (band)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 20, 1988, after a week of growing demonstrations in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (the Armenian majority area within Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic), the Regional Soviet voted to secede and join with the Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia. This local vote in a small, remote part of the Soviet Union made headlines around the world; it was an unprecedented defiance of republic and national authorities. On February 22, 1988, in what became known as the \"Askeran clash\", two Azerbaijanis were killed by Karabakh police. These deaths, announced on state radio, led to the Sumgait Pogrom. Between February 26 and March 1, the city of Sumgait (Azerbaijan) saw violent anti-Armenian rioting during which 32 people were killed. The authorities totally lost control and occupied the city with paratroopers and tanks; nearly all of the 14,000 Armenian residents of Sumgait fled.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malacañang sa Sugbo (, ) is the official residence of the President of the Philippines in the Visayas. It is located in Cebu City near the Port Area and Fort San Pedro, and within walking distance from the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño, Magellan's Cross, and City Hall. It is named after the Malacañang Palace, the official residence of the President in the capital city of Manila.", "title": "Malacañang sa Sugbo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Los Olivos is a district of the Lima Province in Peru. It is considered the unofficial capital of the Cono Norte area in the city of Lima.", "title": "Los Olivos District" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raging Waters opened June 18, 1983, located in Los Angeles Los Angeles County in the city of San Dimas, near SR 57 between Interstate 10 and Interstate 210. Park officials described it as California's largest water park in 2011.", "title": "Raging Waters" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lo-Fi is an American country band formed in Nashville, TN in 2013. led by singer/songwriter, Jamie Teachenor(vocals, piano, keyboards) and songwriter & producer, Joe West (guitars, vocals). Teachenor and West have both been independently successful in the music business, working with artists such as Justin Timberlake, Keith Urban, Luke Bryan, P. Diddy, Steve Earle, Trisha Yearwood, Tim McGraw, Emmylou Harris, Blake Shelton, Shakira, and many more, with combined sales of over 20 million albums. Their first public performance as Lo-Fi was on May 7, 2013, at the Historic Ryman Auditorium, as part of the sold out show, \"Honor Thy Song\", honoring late Nashville singer-songwriter and producer, Tim Johnson.", "title": "Lo-Fi (band)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crayon Fields is a four-piece Melbourne-based music group signed to the labels Chapter Music and Rallye. They have been described as lo-fi with an artful naïve-pop aesthetic.", "title": "The Crayon Fields" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the population was enslaved. This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states. The state did not vote to join the Confederacy until President Abraham Lincoln called on it to invade its sister state, South Carolina, becoming the last or second-to-last state to officially join the Confederacy. The title of \"last to join the Confederacy\" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Town Line is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 2,367 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community is located on the boundary between the towns of Lancaster and Alden. Town Line is notable for having held a nonbinding vote to secede from the United States in 1861, and for having held a ceremonial vote to rejoin the United States in 1946.", "title": "Town Line, New York" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the late 1990s the San Fernando Valley had become more urban and more ethnically diverse with rising poverty and crime. In 2002, the valley tried to secede from the city of Los Angeles and become its own incorporated city to escape Los Angeles' perceived poverty, crime, gang activity, urban decay, and poorly maintained infrastructure. Since that unsuccessful secession attempt, a new Van Nuys municipal building was built in 2003; the Metro Orange Line opened in October 2005; 35 new public schools had opened up by 2012, and the valley's ethnic majority is now Hispanic, edging out Whites by 0.8%.", "title": "San Fernando Valley" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sierra Suroeste is a comarca (county, with no administrative role) located in southwestern province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, western Spain. Its capital and largest city is Jerez de los Caballeros.", "title": "Sierra Suroeste" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Donald Trump won Wisconsin by a narrow margin of 47.2% to 46.5% for Hillary Clinton, thanks to overwhelming and underestimated support from white working class voters which the Democrats had previously had an advantage with, making him the first Republican candidate to carry the state since Ronald Reagan in 1984. On November 25, an irregularity was discovered by officials in Outagamie County, that resulted in the pre-official vote totals being reported incorrectly. This irregularity was due to a calculator error. It was corrected in the official vote totals. Following a statewide recount requested by Jill Stein's campaign, Trump was certified to have won Wisconsin by a narrow margin -- 1,405,284 votes to Clinton's 1,382,536.", "title": "2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KABG (98.5 MHz) is an American radio station licensed to Los Alamos, New Mexico serving the Santa Fe and Albuquerque radio markets. It is owned by American General Media and has a classic hits format playing top 40 hits mostly from the 1970s to the early 1990s. Its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos, New Mexico.", "title": "KABG" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ildjarn was a black metal project from Norway that formed in 1991. Ildjarn recorded music until 1997 but did not officially end until 2005. The man behind Ildjarn was Vidar Vaaer, although some releases were collaborations with a musician known as Nidhogg. Ildjarn's music was a very simple and lo-fi brand of black metal, with most songs composed of basic drum patterns, a couple of riffs, and unintelligible vocals. The band's style has been compared to hardcore punk in its simplistic ferocity and short song lengths. Two Ildjarn albums were made entirely on a synthesizer.", "title": "Ildjarn" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower (also known as the Tennessee Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, that houses Tennessee government offices. The tower was built for the National Life and Accident Insurance Company and served as its National Life Center until the State of Tennessee acquired it on January 3, 1994. More than 1,000 state employees who had been assigned to numerous locations now work in the building.", "title": "William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KDLW is a commercial radio station located in Los Lunas, New Mexico, broadcasting to the Albuquerque, New Mexico area on 106.3 FM. KDLW airs a Top 40 (CHR) music format branded as \"Z106.3\".", "title": "KDLW" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KKSS (97.3 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, broadcasting to the Santa Fe and Albuquerque, New Mexico, area. KKSS airs an urban-leaning rhythmic Top 40 music format branded as \"Kiss 97.3\". Owned by American General Media, its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque (a mile north of Central Avenue) and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos.", "title": "KKSS" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Only Place is the second studio album by American indie rock duo Best Coast, released on May 15, 2012 by Mexican Summer. Produced by Jon Brion, the album was recorded at Capitol Studios in Los Angeles, California. The album was primarily inspired by the upheaval following the unexpected success of \"Crazy for You\". To this end, the duo attempted to distance themselves from the lo-fi aesthetic of their first release by working with producer Jon Brion. Recorded at Capitol Studios in Los Angeles, \"The Only Place\" was inspired by 1960s country music and Fleetwood Mac.", "title": "The Only Place" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Commonwealth of Virginia was a prominent part of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. As a slave - holding state, it held a state convention to deal with the secession crisis, and voted against secession on 4 April 1861. Opinion shifted after 15 April, when U.S. President Abraham Lincoln called for troops from all states still in the Union to put down the rebellion, following the capture of Fort Sumter, and the Virginia convention voted to declare secession from the Union. (In the Western counties, where there was little slavery, pro-Union sentiment remained strong, and they presently seceded from Virginia as a separate Union state, West Virginia.)", "title": "Virginia in the American Civil War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 2 July 2000, he was elected Head of Government of the Federal District—a position akin to that of city mayor for the national capital district—with 38.3% of the vote.", "title": "Andrés Manuel López Obrador" } ]

[ { "answer": "Nashville", "id": 515576, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Lo-Fi >> location of formation", "raw_question": "Lo-Fi >> location of formation", "statement": "Lo-Fi formed in Nashville." }, { "answer": "Tennessee", "id": 777020, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Nashville >> capital of", "raw_question": "#1 >> capital of", "statement": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee." }, { "answer": "June 8, 1861", "id": 24607, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "When did Tennessee officially vote to secede?", "raw_question": "When did #2 officially vote to secede?", "statement": "Tennessee officially voted to secede on June 8, 1861." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The concept of national teams was not a major part of the Olympic movement until the Intercalated Games 10 years later, though many sources list the nationality of competitors in 1896 and give medal counts. There are significant conflicts with regard to which nations competed. The International Olympic Committee gives a figure of 14, but does not list them. The following 14 are most likely the ones recognised by the IOC. Some sources list 12, excluding Chile and Bulgaria; others list 13, including those two but excluding Italy. Egypt is also sometimes included because of Dionysios Kasdaglis' participation. Belgium and Russia had entered the names of competitors, but withdrew.", "title": "1896 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Settimana Enigmistica is a weekly Italian puzzle magazine, published since 1932 in Italy and distributed also in other European countries. It has long been one of Italy's top-selling magazines.", "title": "La Settimana Enigmistica" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Al-Qubeir massacre (), also known as the Hama massacre, occurred in the small village of Al-Qubeir near Hama, Syria, on 6 June 2012 during the country's ongoing civil conflict. Al-Qubeir is described as a Sunni farming settlement surrounded by Alawite villages in the central province of Hama. According to preliminary evidence, troops had surrounded the village which was followed by pro-government Shabiha militia entering the village and killing civilians with \"barbarity,\" UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told the UN Security Council.", "title": "Al-Qubeir massacre" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers. They were forced to adapt to new technologies and shaped the direction of modern warfare. Some political leaders, particularly those of the principal dictatorships involved in the conflict, Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy) and Emperor Hirohito (Japan), acted as supreme military commanders as well as dictators for their respective countries or empires.", "title": "Commanders of World War II" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Costa Volpino (Bergamasque: ) is a \"comune\" in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, Italy. Situated at the end of Valle Camonica, where the Oglio river enters the Lake Iseo, it is bounded by other communes of Lovere and Rogno.", "title": "Costa Volpino" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wars of Castro were a series of conflicts during the mid-17th century revolving around the ancient city of Castro (located in present-day Lazio, Italy), which eventually resulted in the city's destruction on 2 September 1649. The conflict was a result of a power struggle between the papacy – represented by members of two deeply entrenched Roman families and their popes, the Barberini and Pope Urban VIII and the Pamphili and Pope Innocent X – and the Farnese dukes of Parma, who controlled Castro and its surrounding territories as the Duchy of Castro.", "title": "Wars of Castro" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kashmir issue has been the main cause, whether direct or indirect, of all major conflicts between the two countries with the exception of the Indo - Pakistani War of 1971 where conflict originated due to turmoil in erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).", "title": "Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Rome, Italy, after the debut on stage in a small company of prose Campori moved shortly after into avanspettacolo and revue, entering the company of the De Vico Brothers with whom she toured across Italy during the Second World War.", "title": "Anna Campori" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Celeste Johnson (born 1959 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American model who became successful as a TV presenter and singer in Italy. Before entering the showbusiness, Johnson was a professional long jump athlete.", "title": "Celeste Johnson" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silvester of Troina was a Basilian monk, who originally entered the monastery at Bari, Italy, but fled when he was to be appointed abbot. Silvester then lived the rest of his life as a hermit.", "title": "Silvester of Troina" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War. In six weeks from 10 May 1940, German forces defeated Allied forces by mobile operations and conquered France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, bringing land operations on the Western Front to an end until 6 June 1944. Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940 and attempted an invasion of France.", "title": "Battle of France" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. These provinces together formed what became known as Libya.", "title": "Ottoman Tripolitania" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The M1934/39 helmet was the primary combat helmet used by the Greek Armed Forces during the Second World War. Greece purchased these helmets from Italy prior to the conflict as a replacement for their World War I-era Adrian helmets and refitted them with locally manufactured liners.", "title": "Greek M1934/39 helmet" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Warnant-Dreye is a sub-municipality in the municipality of Villers-le-Bouillet in the Province of Liège, Belgium, consisting of the villages Dreye and Warnant. Its post code is 4530. It should not be confused with the other Warnant in the Province of Namur.", "title": "Warnant-Dreye" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michele Bianchi's attitude during World War I mirrored that of Benito Mussolini: he became an active supporter of Italy's entry into the conflict, and advocate of irredentism.", "title": "Michele Bianchi" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brusilow entered the Curtis Institute of Music when he was eleven and studied there with Efrem Zimbalist. Throughout most of his childhood and adolescence, he was known as \"Albert Brusilow\". Later, at the urging of his girlfriend (who would later become his wife), he returned to using his birth name, Anshel.", "title": "Anshel Brusilow" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shadows in a Conflict () is a 1993 Spanish drama film directed by Mario Camus. It was entered into the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.", "title": "Shadows in a Conflict" } ]

[ { "answer": "Belgium", "id": 413364, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Warnant-Dreye >> country", "raw_question": "Warnant-Dreye >> country", "statement": "Albert I of Belgium had a part in." }, { "answer": "the First World War", "id": 833580, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Albert I of Belgium >> conflict", "raw_question": "Albert I of #1 >> conflict", "statement": "Albert I of Belgium had a part in the First World War." }, { "answer": "1915", "id": 61459, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "when did italy enter the First World War", "raw_question": "when did italy enter #2", "statement": "Italy entered the First World War in 1915." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In April 1983, the company opened its first Sam's Club store, a membership - based discount warehouse club, in Midwest City, Oklahoma. They also expanded into Indiana, Iowa, New Mexico, and North Carolina and implemented ``people greeters ''in all of their stores. The first stores opened in Virginia in 1984.", "title": "History of Walmart" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Malta Township is one of the fourteen townships of Morgan County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,964 people in the township, 1,268 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township.", "title": "Malta Township, Morgan County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya, administrative town Bani Walid. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District.", "title": "Bani Walid District" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Morgan County is between Indianapolis, in Marion County, and Bloomington in Monroe County. It is included in the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Two major highways, Interstate 69 and Indiana State Road 67, carry large numbers of daily commuters between the two larger communities. The county has 14 townships which provide local services.", "title": "Morgan County, Indiana" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" } ]

[ { "answer": "Morgan County", "id": 281949, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Malta Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Malta Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Malta Township is located in Morgan County." }, { "answer": "Indiana", "id": 687273, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Morgan County >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Morgan County is located in the administrative territorial entity of Indiana." }, { "answer": "1983", "id": 47054, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "when did the first walmart open in Indiana", "raw_question": "when did the first walmart open in #2", "statement": "The first Walmart opened in Indiana in 1983." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The List of Florida hurricanes encompasses approximately 500 tropical or subtropical cyclones that affected the state of Florida. More storms hit Florida than any other U.S. state, and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurring prior to the start of Hurricane Hunters flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms totaled over $141 billion in damage (2017 USD), primarily from Hurricane Andrew and hurricanes in the 2004 and 2005 seasons.", "title": "List of Florida hurricanes" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "October 29 -- 30, 2012: Hurricane Sandy crossed into Canada on October 29 through to early October 30, bringing heavy rain, high winds, and in some places, snow, to Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes.", "title": "List of Canada hurricanes" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crestwood High School, on Colonel Drive (Dunwoody, Georgia, United States) in what is now known as Sandy Springs, opened in the Fall of 1972 to relieve overcrowding at nearby Roswell High School and North Springs High School.", "title": "Crestwood High School (Georgia)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tampa Bay hurricane of 1921 (also known as the 1921 Tarpon Springs hurricane) is the most recent major hurricane to strike the Tampa Bay Area. The eleventh tropical cyclone, sixth tropical storm, and fifth hurricane of the season, the storm developed from a trough in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 20. Initially a tropical storm, the system moved northwestward and intensified into a hurricane on October 22 and a major hurricane by October 23. Later that day, the cyclone peaked as a Category 4 on the modern day Saffir -- Simpson scale with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km / h). After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane gradually curved northeastward and weakened to a Category 3 before making landfall near Tarpon Springs, Florida, late on October 25, becoming the first major hurricane to hit the area since a hurricane in 1848. The storm quickly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane while crossing Central Florida, before reaching the Atlantic Ocean early on the following day. Thereafter, system moved east - southeastward and remained fairly steady in intensity before weakening to a tropical storm late on October 29. The storm was then absorbed by a larger extratropical cyclone early the next day, with the remnants of the hurricane soon becoming indistinguishable.", "title": "1921 Tampa Bay hurricane" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Super Quartet Live at Sweet Basil is a live album by jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring soprano saxophonist Steve Lacy recorded at Sweet Basil in New York City in 1987 and released on the Japanese Paddle Wheel label.", "title": "The Super Quartet Live at Sweet Basil" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Severe weather occurs regularly in North Carolina. On the average, a hurricane hits the state once a decade. Destructive hurricanes that have struck the state include Hurricane Fran, Hurricane Floyd, and Hurricane Hazel, the strongest storm to make landfall in the state, as a Category 4 in 1954. Hurricane Isabel stands out as the most damaging of the 21st century. Tropical storms arrive every 3 or 4 years. In addition, many hurricanes and tropical storms graze the state. In some years, several hurricanes or tropical storms can directly strike the state or brush across the coastal areas. Only Florida and Louisiana are hit by hurricanes more often. Although many people believe that hurricanes menace only coastal areas, the rare hurricane which moves inland quickly enough can cause severe damage; for example, in 1989, Hurricane Hugo caused heavy damage in Charlotte and even as far inland as the Blue Ridge Mountains in the northwestern part of the state. On the average, North Carolina has 50 days of thunderstorm activity per year, with some storms becoming severe enough to produce hail, flash floods, and damaging winds.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Spring in Prague is an album by jazz pianist Mal Waldron recorded in 1990 and released on the Japanese Alfa Jazz label.", "title": "Spring in Prague" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company is owned -- along with Schlotzsky's, Carvel, Moe's Southwest Grill, Cinnabon, and Auntie Anne's brands -- by Focus Brands, an affiliate of private equity firm Roark Capital Group, based in Sandy Springs, Georgia, operating over 5,000 stores.", "title": "McAlister's Deli" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane. The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a dozen times due to storms crossing the state from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area. The strongest effect on Jacksonville was from Hurricane Dora in 1964, the only recorded storm to hit the First Coast with sustained hurricane-force winds. The eye crossed St. Augustine with winds that had just barely diminished to 110 mph (180 km/h), making it a strong Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Jacksonville also suffered damage from 2008's Tropical Storm Fay which crisscrossed the state, bringing parts of Jacksonville under darkness for four days. Similarly, four years prior to this, Jacksonville was inundated by Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne, which made landfall south of the area. These tropical cyclones were the costliest indirect hits to Jacksonville. Hurricane Floyd in 1999 caused damage mainly to Jacksonville Beach. During Floyd, the Jacksonville Beach pier was severely damaged, and later demolished. The rebuilt pier was later damaged by Fay, but not destroyed. Tropical Storm Bonnie would cause minor damage in 2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl, packing winds up to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h) which made landfall near Jacksonville Beach.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bikini Barbershop (Also known as Bikini Barbershop: Jersey) is an American reality show on AXS TV featuring Jeff Wulkan, a man who runs a hair salon/barber shop in Long Branch, New Jersey called \"Bikini Barbers\". It mainly consists of female hair stylists, at work, wearing only bikinis. Following Hurricane Sandy, a drop in business forced the closure of the shop.", "title": "Bikini Barbershop" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "September 10 -- 11 - Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km / h), then makes a second landfall on Marco Island with winds of 115 mph (185 km / h). It is the strongest hurricane in terms of windspeed to hit the state since Charley in 2004, and the most intense in terms of pressure since Andrew in 1992. Irma has killed at least 82 people in the state.", "title": "List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway)\" is a song written and originally recorded by Billy Joel which appeared as the final song on his album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. Several live performances of the song have been released. He performed this song at benefit concerts: The Concert for New York City for victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001, on the television program \"\" for Hurricane Sandy victims in 2012 and during his set at \"\". Joel has often tweaked the lyrics to the song at his live concerts, particularly at the \"Live at Shea\" and \"Coming Together\" concerts. On New Year's Eve, 2016, Joel performed at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida, a city just north of Miami Dade County. At midnight, he crooned the traditional Auld Lang Syne and then immediately went into \"Miami 2017\". On the January 9, 2017 episode of \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\", Billy Joel performed the song with Stay Human, the show's house band.", "title": "Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sandy City Bank, at 212 E. Main St. in Sandy, Utah, was built in 1907. It includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals and Italian Renaissance architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.", "title": "Sandy City Bank" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He studied in Prague among others with Jaroslav Křička, conducting with Metod Doležil and Pavel Dědeček, musicology, aesthetics, and philosophy at Charles University. He was the founder and member of the \"Prague Wind Quintet\" (1928), with whom he performed, composed and arranged compositions for it. From 1930 to 1933, he was a member of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, and from 1934 to 1943, he worked on Czech Radio as conductor and editor. From 1945, he worked as a pedagogue at the Prague Conservatory and Academy of Performing Arts in Prague.", "title": "Václav Smetáček" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "August 25 -- 28, 2017 -- Hurricane Harvey hit the coast near Rockport as a Category 4 hurricane, producing extreme and unprecedented amounts of rainfall in the Houston Metropolitan area. It is the costliest hurricane worldwide with $198.6 billion in damages.", "title": "List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sandy Lake is an unincorporated community Native American village located in Turner Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. Its name in the Ojibwe language is \"Gaa-mitaawangaagamaag\", meaning \"Place of the Sandy-shored Lake\". The village is administrative center for the Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, though the administration of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation, District II, is located in the nearby East Lake.", "title": "Sandy Lake, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After Sandy exited Cuba, the structure became disorganized, and it turned to the north - northwest over the Bahamas. By October 27, Sandy was no longer fully tropical, and despite strong shear, it maintained convection due to influence from an approaching trough; the same trough turned the hurricane to the northeast. After briefly weakening to a tropical storm, Sandy re-intensified into a hurricane, and on October 28 an eye began redeveloping. The storm moved around an upper - level low over the eastern United States and also to the southwest of a ridge over Atlantic Canada, turning it to the northwest. Sandy briefly re-intensified to Category 2 intensity on the morning of October 29, around which time it had a wind diameter of over 1,150 miles (1,850 km), and a central pressure of 943 mb, which set records for many cities across the Northeastern United States for the lowest pressures ever observed. The convection diminished while the hurricane accelerated toward the New Jersey coast, and the hurricane was no longer tropical by 2100 UTC on October 29. About 2 / hours later, Sandy made landfall near Brigantine, New Jersey, with winds of 80 mph (130 km / h). During the next four days, Sandy's remnants drifted northward and then northeastward over Ontario, before merging with another low pressure area over Eastern Canada on November 2.", "title": "Hurricane Sandy" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rusty Paul is the American mayor of Sandy Springs, Georgia, United States. Previously a Sandy Springs city councilman, Paul was elected to succeed Eva Galambos in November 2013. He was sworn in as the city's second Mayor on January 7, 2014.", "title": "Rusty Paul" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Sandy Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS / NWS) Satellite image of Sandy at 4: 15 p.m. EDT on October 29 as it was about to make landfall on the Jersey Shore Formed October 28, 2012 (First rainbands begin to affect New Jersey) Dissipated November 2, 2012 (Dissipated as extratropical cyclone) (Extratropical after October 29) Highest winds 1 - minute sustained: 80 mph (130 km / h) Highest gust Gusts: 100 mph (155 km / h) Lowest pressure 945 mbar (hPa); 27.91 inHg Fatalities 53 total Damage $32 billion (2012 USD) (Estimated damage total) Areas affected New York, especially the New York metropolitan area Part of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season Part of a series on Hurricane Sandy General Meteorological history Impact Greater Antilles United States Maryland and Washington, D.C. New Jersey New York New England Canada Other wikis Commons: Sandy images Wikinews: Sandy stories", "title": "Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marionetas en la cuerda – Sandie Shaw canta en Español is a Spanish-language album by the British singer Sandie Shaw. It is a compilation of her recordings in this language, featuring Spanish versions of many of her hits.", "title": "Marionetas En La Cuerda – Sandie Shaw Canta En Español" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mal Waldron", "id": 827623, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Spring in Prague >> performer", "raw_question": "Spring in Prague >> performer", "statement": "Mal Waldron performed \"Spring in Prague\"." }, { "answer": "New York City", "id": 861630, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Mal Waldron >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Mal Waldron was born in New York City." }, { "answer": "October 28, 2012", "id": 87032, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "when did hurricane sandy hit New York City", "raw_question": "when did hurricane sandy hit #2", "statement": "Hurricane Sandy hit New York City on October 28, 2012." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Sweet Scent of Death () is a 1999 Mexican drama film directed by Gabriel Retes based on the novel of the same name by Guillermo Arriaga who also wrote the screenplay. It was entered into the 21st Moscow International Film Festival.", "title": "A Sweet Scent of Death" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Narliev graduated from Moscow's Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (VGIK) in 1960. His first film of note was working with director Bulat Mansurov on \"The Competition\" in 1963, a notable film in the development of Turkmen national cinema.", "title": "Khodzhakuli Narliev" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taking Wing () is a 2000 French drama film directed by Steve Suissa. It was entered into the 22nd Moscow International Film Festival where Suissa won the award for Best Director and Clément Sibony won the award for Best Actor.", "title": "Taking Wing" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Moscow, Idaho, Lloyd moved to Alaska with her family at age 12 and moved back to Moscow three years later, in the middle of her sophomore year. A three-time Idaho high school player of the year, she led Moscow High School to state championships in 1981 and 1982; she graduated in 1983 and was a \"Parade\" magazine All-American.", "title": "Andrea Lloyd-Curry" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vasily Shcherbakov is a Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences (2010), a professor and the Director of the Piano Department of the , a docent of the Moscow Conservatory, a docent of the \"Piano, Organ\" Department . Until 2013 he was also a music teacher of the Moscow .", "title": "Vasily Shcherbakov" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve a term of office of five years, with a maximum of ten years, if reappointed, unless they resign or are fired by the President before their term ends. J. Edgar Hoover, appointed by Calvin Coolidge in 1924, was by far the longest-serving director, serving until his death in 1972. In 1968, Congress passed legislation as part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Pub.L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197 that specified a 10-year limit, a maximum of two 5-year terms, for future FBI Directors, as well as requiring Senate confirmation of appointees. As the incumbent, this legislation did not apply to Hoover, only to his successors. The current FBI Director is James B. Comey, who was appointed in 2013 by Barack Obama.", "title": "Federal Bureau of Investigation" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed Tibetan rulers, who decided to pay tribute to the Mongols. However, when they ceased to pay tribute after Genghis Khan's death, his successor Ögedei Khan (r. 1229–1241) launched an invasion into Tibet.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, and FBI. He was chiefly responsible for creating the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, which officially opened in 1932, as part of his work to professionalize investigations by the government. Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure. After Hoover's death, Congress passed legislation that limited the tenure of future FBI Directors to ten years.", "title": "Federal Bureau of Investigation" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yevgeny Yakovlevich Vesnik (; January 15, 1923 in Petrograd – April 10, 2009 in Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet stage and a film actor. The son of Yakov Vesnik, the first director of the Kryvorizhstal plant, he fought the Germans in the Second World War. He worked at the Maly Theatre from 1963 and was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1989, three years before his retirement from the stage.", "title": "Yevgeny Vesnik" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Rome, Piazzoli began working for the Italian movie industry in the early 1960s as a cameraman, under the direction of Vittorio De Sica, Damiano Damiani, Marco Ferreri, Florestano Vancini, Mauro Bolognini, Dino Risi and Pasquale Festa Campanile.", "title": "Roberto D'Ettorre Piazzoli" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pascal Thomas (born 2 April 1945) is a French screenwriter and film director. His 1999 film \"The Dilettante\" was entered into the 21st Moscow International Film Festival.", "title": "Pascal Thomas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pavel Timofeevich Lebeshev (; 15 February 1940, in Moscow – 23 February 2003, in Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian cinematographer. Pavel Lebeshev graduated from the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography in 1972 and worked with many famous Soviet and Russian directors, including Nikita Mikhalkov, Georgi Daneliya and Larisa Shepitko.", "title": "Pavel Lebeshev" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The period between 1815 and 1871 saw a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars. Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire. Italy unified into a nation state. The capture of Rome in 1870 ended the Papal temporal power. Rivalry in a scramble for empires spread in what is known as The Age of Empire.", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hagesæther received his theological education from the MF Norwegian School of Theology in Oslo, and he graduated with his Cand.theol. degree in 1965. He served as a priest for a total of 41 years; with the last 13 years as Bishop. His farewell church service as a bishop was held in the Bergen Cathedral on 30 November 2008.", "title": "Ole Hagesæther" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film was shot in French, English and Creole language and is set around Montreal's street gangs. In an interview with Montreal's La Presse columnist Rima Elkouri, director Jephté Bastien states that the death of his 16 years old nephew inspired him to make the film.", "title": "Exit 67" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Auld Lang Syne ''(Scots pronunciation: (ˈɔːl (d) lɑŋˈsəin): note`` s'' rather than ``z '') is a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1788 and set to the tune of a traditional folk song (Roud # 6294). It is well known in many countries, especially in the English - speaking world, its traditional use being to bid farewell to the old year at the stroke of midnight on New Year's Eve. By extension, it is also sung at funerals, graduations, and as a farewell or ending to other occasions. The international Scouting movement, in many countries, uses it to close jamborees and other functions.", "title": "Auld Lang Syne" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's My Party is a 1996 American drama film written and directed by Randal Kleiser, it was one of the first feature films to address the topic of AIDS patients dying with dignity. The film is based on the true events of the death of Harry Stein, accomplished architect and designer, who was actually director Kleiser's ex-lover. Stein's actual farewell party was held in 1992.", "title": "It's My Party (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Valery Lantratov (Valeri Lantratov, Walerij Lantratov, Valeriy Lantratov, ; born 24 April 1958 in Moscow) is a former principal ballet dancer with the Moscow Stanislavsky Ballet and Kremlin Ballet and general director of the Russian National Ballet Foundation.", "title": "Valery Lantratov" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emil Forselius was found dead in his apartment in Stockholm on 2 March, 2010. The cause of death was suicide. He had left a farewell letter. Forselius had suffered from severe depression for some time.", "title": "Emil Forselius" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Farewell Moscow () is a 1987 Italian drama film directed by Mauro Bolognini. For this film Liv Ullmann was awarded with a David di Donatello for Best Actress. It is based on the life of Russian Jew Ida Nudel.", "title": "Farewell Moscow" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mauro Bolognini", "id": 257584, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Farewell Moscow >> director", "raw_question": "Farewell Moscow >> director", "statement": "Mauro Bolognini was the director of Farewell Moscow." }, { "answer": "Rome", "id": 691688, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Mauro Bolognini >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Mauro Bolognini died in Rome." }, { "answer": "1870", "id": 4653, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "In what year was Rome conquered?", "raw_question": "In what year was #2 conquered?", "statement": "Rome was conquered in 1870." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kuwait is a group of approximately 40 paintings made by Nabil Kanso in 1990-91 on the Gulf War and Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. The works in the series were first exhibited in Kuwait in March – April 1992 at the Free Atelier Art Center and traveled in June to Caracas for a special exhibit at the Palacio de Gobierno in honor of the Emir of Kuwait’s visit to Venezuela. Then, the exhibition proceeded to Geneva and was held at the Red Cross Museum in July – August 1992.", "title": "Kuwait (Kanso series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saleh Al-Dawod (24 September 1968, Dir'iya, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) is a former football player. He was part of the squad for the Saudi Arabia national team in the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States.", "title": "Saleh Al-Dawod" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Fliesteden (date of birth unknown; died 28 September 1529) was condemned to be burnt at the stake at Melaten near Cologne, as one of the first Protestant martyrs of the Reformation on the Lower Rhine in Germany. He was born in a tiny place also called Fliesteden (now part of Bergheim, Rhein-Erft-Kreis) on an unknown date.", "title": "Peter Fliesteden" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements.", "title": "International Who's Who in Music" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Saleh Al-Buraiki is a kuwait football Midfielder who played for Kuwait in the 2000 Summer Olympics. He also played for Al-Salmiya", "title": "Saleh Al-Buraiki" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The date and place of Nikitaras' birth are disputed, but he is thought to have been born either in the village of Nedoussa (Νέδουσα) in the Peloponnesian province of Messenia or in Leontari in Arcadia circa 1784. He was a nephew of Theodoros Kolokotronis, the most important Greek military leader of the Revolution. Turkish authorities tried to capture him, as well as Kolokotronis, but he escaped and joined his uncle in the British-held Ionian Islands.", "title": "Nikitaras" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Al Halfout () is a 1985 film and satire written by Wahid Hamids and directed by Samir Seif and Mustafa Gamaleddin. The cast includes Adel Emam, Ilham Chahine, Saeed Saleh and Salah Kabil. Filming of \"Al Halfout\" occurred mainly in Egypt. The film takes a satirical look at Egypt's government and its attitude to the poor.", "title": "Al Halfout" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2007, about 48 percent of Malians were younger than 12 years old, 49 percent were 15–64 years old, and 3 percent were 65 and older. The median age was 15.9 years. The birth rate in 2014 is 45.53 births per 1,000, and the total fertility rate (in 2012) was 6.4 children per woman. The death rate in 2007 was 16.5 deaths per 1,000. Life expectancy at birth was 53.06 years total (51.43 for males and 54.73 for females). Mali has one of the world's highest rates of infant mortality, with 106 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2007.", "title": "Mali" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "title": "Birth control movement in the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucky Whitehead Whitehead with the Dallas Cowboys in 2015 Free agent Position: Wide receiver Birth name: Rodney Darnell Whitehead Jr. Date of birth: (1992 - 06 - 02) June 2, 1992 (age 25) Place of birth: Manassas, Virginia Height: 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Weight: 180 lb (82 kg) Career information High school: Manassas (VA) Osbourn College: Florida Atlantic Undrafted: 2015 Career history Dallas Cowboys (2015 -- 2016) New York Jets (2017) Career highlights and awards All - C - USA (2014) Career NFL statistics as of Week 17, 2016 Receptions: 9 Receiving yards: 64 Rushing yards: 189 Total return yards: 1,151 Total touchdowns: 0 Player stats at NFL.com Player stats at PFR", "title": "Lucky Whitehead" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 14 September 2009, U.S. Special Forces killed two men and wounded and captured two others near the Somali village of Baarawe. Witnesses claim that helicopters used for the operation launched from French-flagged warships, but that could not be confirmed. A Somali-based al-Qaida affiliated group, the Al-Shabaab, has confirmed the death of \"sheik commander\" Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan along with an unspecified number of militants. Nabhan, a Kenyan, was wanted in connection with the 2002 Mombasa attacks.", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Meskhenet, (also spelt Mesenet, Meskhent, and Meshkent) was the goddess of childbirth, and the creator of each child's Ka, a part of their soul, which she breathed into them at the moment of birth. She was worshipped from the earliest of times by Egyptians.", "title": "Meskhenet" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Place des Martyres is the title of a series of over 250 watercolors and drawings executed in New York and Beirut between 1971 and 1974 by Nabil Kanso. The subjects of the works in the series are based on the women headquartered in the red-light district of Beirut city center called el Bourj, and after World War I named Place des Martyrs French for Martyrs’ Place in memory of dozens of Arab nationalists who were hanged in 1915-16 during Ottoman rule.", "title": "Place des Martyres (paintings)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "title": "Demographics of the European Union" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In humans, birth normally occurs at a gestational age of about 40 weeks, though it is common for births to occur from 37 to 42 weeks. After 8 weeks, the embryo is called a fetus.", "title": "Gestation" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The third season of ABC Family drama television series Switched at Birth began on January 13, 2014, and will consist of 22 episodes. The season is produced by ABC Family, Pirates' Cove Entertainment, and Suzy B Productions, with Paul Stupin and series creator Lizzy Weiss serving as executive producers.", "title": "Switched at Birth (season 3)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maurice Hope (born 6 December 1951 in St. John's, Antigua) is a former boxer from England, who was world Jr. Middleweight champion. Hope lived in Hackney most of his life, but now lives in his place of birth, Antigua. He represented Great Britain at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.", "title": "Maurice Hope" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Low birth weight (LBW) is defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of a infant of 2,499 g or less, regardless of gestational age. Subcategories include very low birth weight (VLBW), which is less than 1500 g (3 pounds 5 ounces), and extremely low birth weight (ELBW), which is less than 1000 g (2 pounds 3 ounces). Normal weight at term delivery is 2500 -- 4200 g (5 pounds 8 ounces -- 9 pounds 4 ounces).", "title": "Low birth weight" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas () (born April 5, 1939) was appointed Prime Minister of Yemen by President Ali Abdullah Saleh when the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and Yemen Arab Republic united in 1990 to form present-day Yemen. Al-Attas served until 1994. He is a member of the Yemeni Socialist Party.", "title": "Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kuwait", "id": 622930, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Saleh Al-Buraiki >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Saleh Al-Buraiki >> place of birth", "statement": "Saleh Al-Buraiki was born in Kuwait." }, { "answer": "Nabil Kanso", "id": 284171, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Kuwait >> creator", "raw_question": "#1 >> creator", "statement": "Nabil Kanso was the creator born in Kuwait." }, { "answer": "Beirut", "id": 771594, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Nabil Kanso >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#2 >> place of birth", "statement": "Nabil Kanso was born in Beirut." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handelsorganisation (“Trading Organisation”, or HO) was a national retail business owned by the central administration of the Soviet Zone of occupation in Germany and from 1949 on by the state of the German Democratic Republic. It was created in 1948. The enterprise was arranged into the different departments – industrial goods, food, restaurants and department stores – and operated the large “Centrum” department stores in many cities of the GDR. Its stores stood in competition to those of the Konsum cooperative. Nevertheless, both were established brands in the everyday life in the GDR. The HO also operated hotels. After the political turmoil in the GDR in the years 1989 and 1990 the business was sold by the Treuhand trust.", "title": "Handelsorganisation" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's. Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and was ranked the 129th most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It has been determined that the first true supermarket in the United States was opened by a former Kroger employee, Michael J. Cullen, on 4 August 1930, inside a 6,000 - square - foot (560 m) former garage in Jamaica, Queens in New York City. The store, King Kullen, operated under the slogan ``Pile it high. Sell it low. ''At the time of Cullen's death in 1936, there were seventeen King Kullen stores in operation. Although Saunders had brought the world self - service, uniform stores and nationwide marketing, Cullen built on this idea by adding separate food departments, selling large volumes of food at discount prices and adding a parking lot.", "title": "Supermarket" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although there were a number of department stores in Australia for much of the 20th Century, including chains such as Grace Bros. and Waltons, many disappeared during the 1980s and 1990s. Today Myer and David Jones, located nationally, are practically the national department stores duopoly in Australia. When Russian-born migrant, Sidney Myer, came to Australia in 1899 he formed the Myer retail group with his brother, Elcon Myer. In 1900, they opened the first Myer department store, in Bendigo, Victoria. Since then, the Myer retail group has grown to be Australia's largest retailer. Both, Myer and David Jones, are up-market chains, offering a wide variety of products from mid-range names to luxury brands. Other retail chain stores such as Target (unrelated to the American chain of the same name), Venture (now defunct), Kmart and Big W, also located nationally, are considered to be Australia's discount department stores. Harris Scarfe, though only operating in four states and one territory, is a department store using both the large full-line and small discount department store formats. Most department stores in Australia have their own credit card companies, each having their own benefits while the discount department stores do not have their own credit card rights.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Unfolding is a public art work by artist Bernhard Heiliger located at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The sculpture has an abstract form; it is installed on the patio.", "title": "Unfolding (sculpture)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1849, Horne's began operations and soon became a leading Pittsburgh department store. In 1879, it opened a seven-story landmark which was the first department store in the city's downtown. In 1972, Associated Dry Goods acquired Horne's, and ADG expanded operations of Horne's to several stores in suburban malls throughout the Pittsburgh region as well as in Erie, Pennsylvania and Northeast Ohio. In December 1986, Horne's was acquired by a local investor group following ADG's acquisition by May Department Stores. By 1994, Federated Department Stores acquired the remaining ten Horne's stores and merged them with its Lazarus division, completely ceasing all operations of any store under the Horne's name.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first department store in Spain was Almacenes el Siglo opened in October 1881 in Barcelona. Following the 2002 closure by the Australian group Partridges of their SEPU (Sociedad Española de Precios Unicos) department store chain, which was one of Spain's oldest, the market is now dominated by El Corte Inglés, founded in 1934 as a drapery store. El Corte Inglés stores tend to be vast buildings, selling a very broad range of products and the group also controls a number of other retail formats including supermarket chain 'Supercor' and hypermarket chain 'Hipercor'. Other competitors such as 'Simago' and 'Galerías Preciados' closed in the 1990s, however El Corte Inglés, faces major competition from French discount operators such as Carrefour and Auchan.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Before the 1950s, the department store held an eminent place in both Canada and Australia, during both the Great Depression and World War II. Since then, they have suffered from strong competition from specialist stores. Most recently the competition has intensified with the advent of larger-scale superstores (Jones et al. 1994; Merrilees and Miller 1997). Competition was not the only reason for the department stores' weakening strength; the changing structure of cities also affected them. The compact and centralized 19th century city with its mass transit lines converging on the downtown was a perfect environment for department store growth. But as residents moved out of the downtown areas to the suburbs, the large, downtown department stores became inconvenient and lost business to the newer suburban shopping malls. In 2003, U.S. department store sales were surpassed by big-box store sales for the first time (though some stores may be classified as \"big box\" by physical layout and \"department store\" by merchandise).", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "France's major upscale department stores are Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps, which both have flagship stores on Boulevard Haussmann in Paris and branches around the country. The first department store in France, Le Bon Marché in Paris, was founded in 1852 and is now owned by the luxury goods conglomerate LVMH. La Samaritaine, another upscale department store also owned by LVMH, closed in 2005. Mid-range department stores chains also exist in France such as the BHV (Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville), part of the same group as Galeries Lafayette.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bernhard Heiliger (11 November 1915, Stettin - 25 October 1995, Berlin) was a German artist. He was considered \"West Germany's foremost sculptor\", and his large public artworks are a prominent presence in many German cities, especially Berlin.", "title": "Bernhard Heiliger" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All the major British cities had flourishing department stores by the mid-or late nineteenth century. Increasingly, women became the major shoppers and middle-class households. Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner) in Manchester lays claim to being one of the first department stores and is still known to many of its customers as Kendal's, despite its 2005 name change to House of Fraser. The Manchester institution dates back to 1836 but had been trading as Watts Bazaar since 1796. At its zenith the store had buildings on both sides of Deansgate linked by a subterranean passage \"Kendals Arcade\" and an art nouveau tiled food hall. The store was especially known for its emphasis on quality and style over low prices giving it the nickname \"the Harrods of the North\", although this was due in part to Harrods acquiring the store in 1919. Other large Manchester stores included Paulden's (currently Debenhams) and Lewis's (now a Primark).", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From its origins in the fur trade, the Hudson's Bay Company is the oldest corporation in North America and was the largest department store operator in Canada until the mid-1980s, with locations across the country. It also previously owned Zellers, another major Canadian department store which ceased to exist in March 2013 after selling its lease holdings to Target Canada. Other department stores in Canada are: Canadian Tire, Sears Canada, Ogilvy, Les Ailes de la Mode, Giant Tiger, Co-op, Costco and Holt Renfrew. Grocery giant Superstores carry many non-grocery items akin to a department store. Woolco had 160 stores in Canada when operations ceased (Walmart bought out Woolco in 1994). Today low-price Walmart is by far the most dominant department store retailer in Canada with outlets throughout the country. Historically, department stores were a significant component in Canadian economic life, and chain stores such as Eaton's, Charles Ogilvy Limited, Freiman's, Spencer's, Simpsons, Morgan's, and Woodward's were staples in their respective communities. Department stores in Canada are similar in design and style to department stores in the United States.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The five most prevalent chains are Lotte, Hyundai, Shinsegae, Galleria, AK plaza. Lotte Department Store is the largest, operating more than 40 stores (include outlet, young plaza, foreign branches). Hyundai Department Store has about 14 stores (13dept, 1outlet), and there are 10 stores in Shinsegae. Shinsegae has 3 outlet store with Simon. Galleria has 5, AK has 5 stores. Galleriaeast and west is well known by luxury goods. These five department stores are known to people as representative corporations in the field of distirution in South Korea. From fashion items to electric appliances, people can buy various kinds of products. Every weekend, people are fond of going around these department stores, because their location is usually easy to visit. As of 2010 the Shinsegae department store in Centum City, Busan, is the largest department store in the world.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ireland developed a strong middle class, especially in the major cities, by the mid-nineteenth century. They were active patrons of department stores. Delany's New Mart was opened in 1853 in Dublin, Ireland. Unlike others, Delany's had not evolved gradually from a smaller shop on site. Thus it could claim to be the first purpose-built Department Store in the world. The word department store had not been invented at that time and thus it was called the \"Monster House\". The store was completely destroyed in the 1916 Easter Rising, but reopened in 1922.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The design and function of department stores in Germany followed the lead of London, Paris and New York. Germany used to have a number of department stores; nowadays only a few of them remain. Next to some smaller, independent department stores these are Karstadt (in 2010 taken over by Nicolas Berggruen, also operating the KaDeWe in Berlin, the Alsterhaus in Hamburg and the Oberpollinger in Munich), GALERIA Kaufhof (part of the Metro AG). Others like Hertie, Wertheim and Horten AG were taken over by others and either fully integrated or later closed.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The iconic department stores of New Zealand's three major centres are Smith & Caughey's (founded 1880), in New Zealand's most populous city, Auckland; Kirkcaldie & Stains (founded 1863) in the capital, Wellington; and Ballantynes (founded 1854) in New Zealand's second biggest city, Christchurch. These offer high-end and luxury items. Additionally, Arthur Barnett (1903) operates in Dunedin. H & J Smith is a small chain operating throughout Southland with a large flagship store in Invercargill. Farmers is a mid-range national chain of stores (originally a mail-order firm known as Laidlaw Leeds founded in 1909). Historical department stores include DIC. Discount chains include The Warehouse, Kmart Australia, and the now-defunct DEKA.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first department store in the Philippines is the Hoskyn's Department Store of Hoskyn & Co. established in 1877 in Iloilo by the Englishman Henry Hoskyn, nephew of Nicholas Loney, the first British vice-consul in Iloilo. Some of the earliest department stores in the Philippines were located in Manila as early as 1898 with the opening of the American Bazaar, which was later named Beck's. During the course of the American occupation of the Philippines, many department stores were built throughout the city, many of which were located in Escolta. Heacock's, a luxury department store, was considered as the best department store in the Orient. Other department stores included Aguinaldo's, La Puerta del Sol, Estrella del Norte, and the Crystal Arcade, all of which were destroyed during the Battle of Manila in 1945. After the war, department stores were once again alive with the establishment of Shoemart (now SM), and Rustan's. Since the foundation of these companies in the 1950s, there are now more than one hundred department stores to date. At present, due to the huge success of shopping malls, department stores in the Philippines usually are anchor tenants within malls. SM Supermalls and Robinsons Malls are two of the country's most prominent mall chains, all of which has Department Store sections.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chain department stores grew rapidly after 1920, and provided competition for the downtown upscale department stores, as well as local department stores in small cities. J. C. Penney had four stores in 1908, 312 in 1920, and 1452 in 1930. Sears, Roebuck & Company, a giant mail-order house, opened its first eight retail stores in 1925, and operated 338 by 1930, and 595 by 1940. The chains reached a middle-class audience, that was more interested in value than in upscale fashions. Sears was a pioneer in creating department stores that catered to men as well as women, especially with lines of hardware and building materials. It deemphasized the latest fashions in favor of practicality and durability, and allowed customers to select goods without the aid of a clerk. Its stores were oriented to motorists – set apart from existing business districts amid residential areas occupied by their target audience; had ample, free, off-street parking; and communicated a clear corporate identity. In the 1930s, the company designed fully air-conditioned, \"windowless\" stores whose layout was driven wholly by merchandising concerns.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All major cities have their distinctive local department stores, which anchored the downtown shopping district until the arrival of the malls in the 1960s. Washington, for example, after 1887 had Woodward & Lothrop and Garfinckel's starting in 1905. Garfield's went bankrupt in 1990, as did Woodward & Lothrop in 1994. Baltimore had four major department stores: Hutzler's was the prestige leader, followed by Hecht's, Hochschild's and Stewart's. They all operated branches in the suburbs, but all closed in the late twentieth century. By 2015, most locally owned department stores around the country had been consolidated into larger chains, or had closed down entirely.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZCMI Center Mall was a shopping center near Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States that was owned by Zions Securities Corporation (now Utah Property Management Associates), which opened in 1975 and closed in 2007. At the time of its opening, it was the largest downtown mall in the country. ZCMI stands for Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution, which refers to a department store owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Church) that had locations in Utah and Idaho until it was sold to The May Department Stores Company. The ZCMI Center Mall, along with the affiliated Crossroads Plaza Mall, once constituted the largest shopping area in Salt Lake City.", "title": "ZCMI Center Mall" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bernhard Heiliger", "id": 715503, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Unfolding >> creator", "raw_question": "Unfolding >> creator", "statement": "Bernhard Heiliger was the creator of Unfolding." }, { "answer": "Berlin", "id": 146715, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "What city did Bernhard Heiliger live when he died?", "raw_question": "What city did #1 live when he died?", "statement": "Bernhard Heiliger lived in Berlin when he died." }, { "answer": "KaDeWe", "id": 19973, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "What major department store operates in Berlin ?", "raw_question": "What major department store operates in #2 ?", "statement": "KaDeWe operates in Berlin." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest.", "title": "Notogawa, Shiga" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone.", "title": "Adaba (woreda)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Toquima Range is a mountain range, located primarily in Nye County with a small extension into Lander County, in Nevada, United States. Most of the range is included within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The range reaches a maximum elevation of 11,949 feet (3,642 m) at the southern summit of Mount Jefferson. From Hickison Summit on U.S. Route 50, the range runs for approximately 71 miles (115 km) to the south-southwest. To its west are Big Smoky Valley, scenic State Route 376, and the large Toiyabe Range. To the east are remote Monitor Valley and the Monitor Range. Lying to the south of the range are U.S. Route 6 (Nevada) and the community of Tonopah, while to the north is U.S. Route 50 (\"The Loneliest Highway in America\"), leading to the small community of Austin.", "title": "Toquima Range" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Lucas AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Monterey County, California. It is located at the southern end of Salinas Valley, shares an eastern border with the Chalone AVA, and is bordered on the west by the Santa Lucia Range foothills. The appellation has the largest diurnal temperature variation of any of California's AVAs. There is a current petition to designate the San Bernabe vineyard, located at the region's northern end, as its own AVA. The vineyard is currently the world's largest continuous vineyard.", "title": "San Lucas AVA" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The county lies in southern Hungary, on the border with Croatia. The River Drava forms part of its southern border, and the River Danube its eastern border. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, and Bács-Kiskun. The capital of Baranya county is Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs.", "title": "Oak Lawn, Illinois" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "title": "Canada–United States border" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mingaladon Township ( ) is located in the northernmost part of Yangon, Myanmar. The township comprises 31 wards, and shares borders with Hmawbi Township in the north, North Okkalapa Township in the east, Insein Township and Shwepyitha Township in the west, and Mayangon Township in the south. Mingaladon is still relatively undeveloped and lacks basic municipal services.", "title": "Mingaladon Township" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia.", "title": "Virginia, Lempira" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amman Governorate has the largest population of the 12 governorates of Jordan. It borders Zarqa Governorate to the north and north east, the governorates of Balqa and Madaba to the west, Karak and Ma'an governorates to the south. It also shares an international border with Saudi Arabia from the east.", "title": "Amman Governorate" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poovathani is a small village bordering Malappuram and Palakkad Districts in Kerala, India. It is shared by three grama panchayaths: Thachanattukara, Aliparamba] and Thazhekode.", "title": "Poovathani" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Voivodeship (, , ) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1566 and later in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, until the partitions of the Commonwealth in 1793. Centred on the city of Minsk and subordinate to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the region continued the traditions – and shared the borders – of several previously existing units of administrative division, notably a separate Duchy of Minsk, annexed by Lithuania in the 13th century. It was replaced with Minsk Governorate in 1793.", "title": "Minsk Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jimma Arjo is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It shares the name of one of the subgroups of the Oromo people, the Jimma Arjo. Part of the Misraq Welega Zone, Jimma Arjo is bordered on the southwest by the Didessa River which separates it from the Illubabor Zone, on the northwest by Diga Leka, on the northeast by Guto Wayu, and on the southeast by Nunu Kumba. The administrative center of this woreda is Arjo.", "title": "Jimma Arjo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Halfpint Range is a low arcuate mountain range in eastern Nye County and extending into southwest Lincoln County, Nevada. The western portion of the range lies within the Nevada Test Site. Yucca Flat and Plutonium Valley lie to west and Frenchman Flat to the south. The Buried Hills, the Papoose Range and Papoose Lake lie to the east. French Peak () is at the south end and Banded Mountain () lies at the north end of the range.", "title": "Halfpint Range" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "title": "Mount Bosworth" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city shares a 15-mile (24 km) border with Mexico that includes two border crossings. San Diego hosts the busiest international border crossing in the world, in the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry. A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the Otay Mesa area; it is the largest commercial crossing on the California-Baja California border and handles the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "title": "Latvia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ancho is an unincorporated ghost town in Lincoln County, New Mexico, United States. Located west of the Lincoln National Forest 2 miles east of U.S. highway 54, north of the town of Carrizozo.", "title": "Ancho, New Mexico" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kon Tum Province lies in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam and shares borders with Laos and Cambodia. It has an area of 9,934 square km and a population of approximately 530,000. The economy is primarily agricultural.", "title": "Kon Tum Province" } ]

[ { "answer": "Lincoln County", "id": 263788, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Ancho >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Ancho >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Ancho is located in Lincoln County." }, { "answer": "Nye County", "id": 365852, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Lincoln County >> shares border with", "raw_question": "#1 >> shares border with", "statement": "Lincoln County shares a border with Nye County." }, { "answer": "Lander County", "id": 307099, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Nye County >> shares border with", "raw_question": "#2 >> shares border with", "statement": "Nye County shares a border with Lander County." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "# Name Date of Execution Victim (s) Under Governor Method of Execution Steven Timothy Judy March 9, 1981 Terry Chasteen, Misty Zollers, Stephen Chasteen, and Mark Chasteen Robert D. Orr electrocution William Earl Vandiver (1) October 16, 1985 Paul Komyatti Gregory D. Resnover December 7, 1994 Sergeant Jack Ohrberg (Indianapolis PD) Evan Bayh Tommie J. Smith July 18, 1996 Sergeant Jack Ohrberg (Indianapolis PD) (2) lethal injection Gary Burris November 20, 1997 Kenneth Chambers Frank O'Bannon 6 Robert Allan Smith January 29, 1998 Michael Wedmore 7 D.H. Fleenor December 9, 1999 Bill Harlow and Nyla Harlow 8 Gerald Wayne Bivins March 14, 2001 William H. Radcliffe 9 James Lowery June 27, 2001 Mark and Gertrude Thompson 10 Kevin Lee Hough May 2, 2003 Ted Bosler and Gene Rubrake 11 Joseph L. Trueblood June 12, 2003 Susan Bowsher, Ashlyn Bowsher, and William Bowsher 12 Donald Ray Wallace, Jr. March 10, 2005 Patrick, Teresa, Lisa, and Gregory Gilligan Mitch Daniels 13 William J. Benefiel, Jr. April 21, 2005 Delores Wells 14 Gregory Scott Johnson May 25, 2005 Ruby Hutslar 15 Kevin Aaron Conner July 27, 2005 Steven Wentland, Anthony Moore, and Bruce Voge 16 Alan Lehman Matheney September 28, 2005 Lisa Bianco (ex-wife) 17 Marvin Bieghler January 27, 2006 Tommy Miller and Kimberly Jane Miller 18 David Leon Woods May 4, 2007 Juan Placencia 19 Michael Allen Lambert June 15, 2007 Officer Gregg Winters (Muncie PD) 20 Matthew Wrinkles December 11, 2009 Debra Jean Wrinkles, Tony Fulkerson, and Natalie Fulkerson", "title": "List of people executed in Indiana" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Edward Herbert (12 June 1860 – 21 January 1929) was an Australian politician and judge. He was a member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1900 to 1905, representing the electorate of Northern Territory. He was Government Resident of the Northern Territory from 1905 to 1910. He was then deputy chief judicial officer of the Territory of Papua (later Judge of the Central Court of Papua) from 1910 to 1928. This role saw him serve for extended periods on the Executive Council of Papua, and act as its Administrator and Lieutenant-Governor. During this period, he served as an acting judge of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory in 1921. He was appointed Administrator of Norfolk Island in 1928, holding the position until his death in 1929.", "title": "Charles Edward Herbert" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya, administrative town Bani Walid. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District.", "title": "Bani Walid District" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Beaver Dam is a home rule-class city in Ohio County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 3,515 at the 2010 census. It is named for the Beaver Dam Baptist Church which predates the town by several decades. The city was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1873.", "title": "Beaver Dam, Kentucky" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beaver Dam Raceway is a one-third mile banked clay oval track located in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, U.S.A.. The track holds weekly races over the Northern American summer months. It hosts an annual World of Outlaws sprint car races. The 2013 U.S. Dirt Legends Nationals event was held at the track.", "title": "Beaver Dam Raceway" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ohio County is a county located in southeastern Indiana. With a 2010 population of 6,128, and an area of just 87 square miles, Ohio County is the smallest county in Indiana in both area and population. The county seat and only incorporated municipality is Rising Sun. The county was officially established in 1844 and was one of the last Indiana counties to be created.", "title": "Ohio County, Indiana" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ohio County", "id": 769546, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Beaver Dam >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Beaver Dam >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Beaver Dam is located in Ohio County." }, { "answer": "Indiana", "id": 338803, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Ohio County >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Ohio County is located in the state of Indiana." }, { "answer": "December 11, 2009", "id": 65035, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "when was the last person executed in Indiana", "raw_question": "when was the last person executed in #2", "statement": "The last person was executed in Indiana on December 11, 2009." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The theme song ``Nobody Does It Better ''was composed by Marvin Hamlisch with lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager and was performed by Carly Simon. It was nominated for Academy Award for Best Original Song but lost to`` You Light Up My Life''. It was one of five Bond theme songs to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. The other four were ``Live and Let Die ''in 1973,`` For Your Eyes Only'' in 1981, ``Skyfall '', and`` Writing on the Wall''. ``Skyfall ''went on to win the award in 2013 and`` Writing on the Wall'' won in 2016.", "title": "The Spy Who Loved Me (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christian Heinrich Grosch was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. His family moved to Frederikshald (now Halden) in Østfold, Norway during 1811. He was first educated by his father, Heinrich August Grosch (1763-1843) who was a painter, graphic designer and teacher. When The Royal Drawing School was established in Christiania (now Oslo) in 1818, his father gained employment there as an instructor and re-located the family. Christian Heinrich attended the Royal Drawing School from 1819 to 1820. He also studied engineering with instructors including Benoni Aubert and Theodor Broch. In 1824, he completed his training at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen.", "title": "Christian Heinrich Grosch" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Twin Peaks\" features members of a loose ensemble of Lynch's favorite character actors, including Jack Nance, Kyle MacLachlan, Grace Zabriskie, and Everett McGill. Isabella Rossellini, who had worked with Lynch on \"Blue Velvet\" was originally cast as Giovanna Packard, but she dropped out of the production before shooting began on the pilot episode. The character was then reconceived as Josie Packard, of Chinese ethnicity, and the role given to actress Joan Chen. It casts several veteran actors who had risen to fame in the 1950s and 1960s, including 1950s film stars Richard Beymer, Piper Laurie, and Russ Tamblyn. Other veteran actors included British actor James Booth (\"Zulu\"), former \"The Mod Squad\" star Peggy Lipton, and Michael Ontkean who co-starred in the 1970s crime drama \"The Rookies\". Kyle MacLachlan was cast as Agent Dale Cooper. Stage actor Warren Frost, father of Mark Frost, was cast as Dr. Will Hayward.", "title": "Twin Peaks" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presidential Reunion is an American comedy Web short directed by Ron Howard and starring \"Saturday Night Live\" cast members who parodied Presidents Ford to Obama. The skit was released onto the Funny or Die website on March 3, 2010 and received mixed to negative reviews.", "title": "Presidential Reunion" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heinrich Grünfeld (21 April 1855, Prague – 26 August 1931, Berlin) was a Bohemian-Austrian violoncellist; a brother of Alfred Grünfeld.", "title": "Heinrich Grünfeld" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus (11 November 1729, Hamburg - 6 June 1814, Rantzau, Holstein) was a German physician, natural historian and economist. He was the son of Hermann Samuel Reimarus, the brother of the writer Elise Reimarus and the father (by his first marriage) of Johanna Reimarius, who married Georg Heinrich Sieveking. He married twice, the second time to Sophia, sister of August Adolph von Hennings.", "title": "Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Otto Ludwig Binswanger (; ; October 14, 1852 in Scherzingen, Münsterlingen – July 15, 1929 in Kreuzlingen) was a Swiss psychiatrist and neurologist who came from a famous family of physicians; his father was founder of the Kreuzlingen Sanatorium, and he was uncle to Ludwig Binswanger (1881–1966) who was a major figure in the existential psychology movement. He was brother-in-law to physiotherapist Heinrich Averbeck (1844–1889). Other notable family members include his son in law, Hans-Constantin Paulssen, the first president of the German Confederation of German Employers' Associations.", "title": "Otto Binswanger" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne - Marie Johnson (born July 18, 1960) is an American actress and impressionist, who has starred in film and on television. She is known for her roles as Nadine Hudson Thomas on What's Happening Now!!, Aileen Lewis on Double Trouble, Althea Tibbs on In the Heat of the Night, and as a cast member on In Living Color during its final season.", "title": "Anne-Marie Johnson" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series centers around the life of Riley and her friends and family, particularly their school life, in which her father Cory Matthews is their history teacher. Riley shares a strong relationship with her best friend Maya Hart, who assists her in learning to cope with the social and personal issues of adolescence. Several Boy Meets World cast members reprise their roles in the series.", "title": "List of Girl Meets World characters" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Franz Johann Heinrich Nadorp, (June 23, 1794 – September 17, 1876) was a German painter who primarily worked and lived in Rome.", "title": "Franz Nadorp" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album \"The Wall\", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. A video of the concert was also commercially released.", "title": "The Wall – Live in Berlin" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saturday Night Live (also known as SNL) is an American late-night live television variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show.", "title": "Saturday Night Live" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary (née Whyte; 1913–2009) and Eric Fletcher Waters (1914–1944), in Great Bookham, Surrey. His father, the son of a coal miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian, and a Communist Party member. In the early years of the Second World War, Waters' father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz.", "title": "Roger Waters" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lee had lost her mother, who suffered from mental illness, six years before she met Hohoff at Lippincott’s offices. Her father, a lawyer on whom Atticus was modeled, would die two years after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird.", "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Living Lahaina is an American reality television series on MTV. The series, filmed over a three-month period on location in Lahaina (on the island of Maui, Hawaii), focused on a group of twenty-something surf instructors and their father-figure-boss at the Royal Hawaiian Surf Academy. \"Living Lahaina\" also followed cast members throughout travels to Indonesia, California, and Kauai.", "title": "Living Lahaina" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heinrich Lefler (7 November 1863, Vienna – 17 March 1919, Vienna) was an Austrian painter, graphic artist and stage designer. His father was the painter Franz Lefler.", "title": "Heinrich Lefler" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "August Heinrich Lehmann (May 29, 1842- ?) was an American restaurateur from Hustisford, Wisconsin who served a single one-year term as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Dodge County.", "title": "August Heinrich Lehmann" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince Heinrich VIII Reuss of Köstritz (; born 30 August 1944) is a son of Prince Heinrich I Reuss of Köstritz, and is a member of the House of Reuss.", "title": "Prince Heinrich VIII Reuss of Köstritz" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince Heinrich I Reuss of Köstritz (; 8 October 191010 March 1982) was son of Prince Heinrich XXXIV Reuss of Köstritz and member of the House of Reuss.", "title": "Prince Heinrich I Reuss of Köstritz" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Princess Suwarin (German: Die Prinzessin Suwarin) is a 1923 German silent film directed by Johannes Guter and starring Lil Dagover, Heinrich Schroth and Xenia Desni.", "title": "Princess Suwarin" } ]

[ { "answer": "Berlin", "id": 145609, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "At what location did Heinrich Grünfeld die?", "raw_question": "At what location did Heinrich Grünfeld die?", "statement": "Heinrich Grünfeld died in Berlin." }, { "answer": "Roger Waters", "id": 728452, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "The Wall – Live in Berlin >> cast member", "raw_question": "The Wall – Live in #1 >> cast member", "statement": "Roger Waters was a cast member of The Wall – Live in Berlin." }, { "answer": "Eric Fletcher Waters", "id": 124684, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "The father of Roger Waters was who?", "raw_question": "The father of #2 was who?", "statement": "Eric Fletcher Waters was the father of Roger Waters." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mike Aulby (born March 25, 1960, in Indianapolis, Indiana) is a left-handed bowler and former member of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA). He is one of only five PBA bowlers to win both a Rookie of the Year and Player of the Year award. (Tommy Jones, Chris Barnes, Jason Belmonte and E. J. Tackett are the others.)", "title": "Mike Aulby" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KONI (104.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Lanai City, Hawaii. The station is owned by Hochman Hawaii Publishing, Inc. It airs an Oldies music format.", "title": "KONI (FM)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Drawing from his own experiences in Scouting, Spielberg helped the Boy Scouts of America develop a merit badge in cinematography in order to help promote filmmaking as a marketable skill. The badge was launched at the 1989 National Scout Jamboree, which Spielberg attended, and where he personally counseled many boys in their work on requirements. That same year, 1989, saw the release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. The opening scene shows a teenage Indiana Jones in scout uniform bearing the rank of a Life Scout. Spielberg stated he made Indiana Jones a Boy Scout in honor of his experience in Scouting. For his career accomplishments, service to others, and dedication to a new merit badge Spielberg was awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indiana Jones and the Philosopher's Stone is the ninth of 12 Indiana Jones novels published by Bantam Books. Max McCoy, the author of this book, also wrote three of the other Indiana Jones books for Bantam. Published on April 1, 1995, it is preceded by \"Indiana Jones and the White Witch\" and followed by \"Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur Eggs\".", "title": "Indiana Jones and the Philosopher's Stone" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and South and Central America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months. Some authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Dr. César Lozano, Yordi Rosado, Dr. Nancy Alvarez and Alberto Sardiñas.", "title": "Random House" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WRDF (106.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Columbia City, Indiana located near Fort Wayne, Indiana. The station offers a Catholic Talk format branded as \"Redeemer Radio\". The station is owned by Fort Wayne Catholic Radio Group, Inc..", "title": "WRDF" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils is the third of 12 Indiana Jones novels published by Bantam Books. Rob MacGregor, the author of this book, also wrote five of the other Indiana Jones books for Bantam. Published on November 1, 1991, it is preceded by \"Indiana Jones and the Dance of the Giants\" and followed by \"Indiana Jones and the Genesis Deluge\".", "title": "Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dow Jones Industrial Average / ˌdaʊ ˈdʒoʊnz /, also called DJIA, the Industrial Average, the Dow Jones, the Dow Jones Industrial, ^ DJI, the Dow 30 or simply the Dow, is a stock market index, and one of several indices created by Wall Street Journal editor and Dow Jones & Company co-founder Charles Dow. The industrial average was first calculated on May 26, 1896. Currently owned by S&P Dow Jones Indices, which is majority owned by S&P Global, it is the most notable of the Dow Averages, of which the first (non-industrial) was originally published on February 16, 1885. The averages are named after Dow and one of his business associates, statistician Edward Jones. It is an index that shows how 30 large publicly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market. It is the second - oldest U.S. market index after the Dow Jones Transportation Average, which was also created by Dow.", "title": "Dow Jones Industrial Average" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I'll See You in My Dreams ''is a popular song. It was written by Isham Jones, with lyrics by Gus Kahn, and was published in 1924. Originally recorded by Isham Jones and the Ray Miller Orchestra, it charted for 16 weeks during 1925, spending seven weeks at number 1. Other popular versions in 1925 were by Marion Harris; Paul Whiteman; Ford & Glenn; and Lewis James.", "title": "I'll See You in My Dreams (1924 song)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 American action - adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg, from a story co-written by executive producer George Lucas. It is the third installment in the Indiana Jones franchise. Harrison Ford reprises the title role and Sean Connery plays Indiana's father, Henry Jones, Sr. Other cast members featured include Alison Doody, Denholm Elliott, Julian Glover, River Phoenix, and John Rhys - Davies. In the film, set largely in 1938, Indiana searches for his father, a Holy Grail scholar, who has been kidnapped by Nazis.", "title": "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Above the Veil is the fourth children's book in Garth Nix's \"The Seventh Tower\" series, published in 2001 by Scholastic.", "title": "Above the Veil" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WOLT (103.3 FM, \"ALT 103.3\") is an FM radio station in Indianapolis, Indiana. The alternative rock-formatted station is owned by iHeartMedia. The studios are located at 6161 Fall Creek Road on the northeast side of Indianapolis. The transmitter and antenna are located on the northwest side of Indianapolis.", "title": "WOLT" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York City is an album by The Peter Malick Group featuring Norah Jones. The album was recorded during August and September 2000, a few weeks before Jones made her own demos for Blue Note Records, and released three years later. Jones sings on all seven tracks, and this album is more bluesy than Jones' debut album, \"Come Away with Me\". One of the tracks of the album, \"Strange Transmissions\", was bundled with the Nokia 6230 mobile phone.", "title": "New York City (album)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bantam Books is an American publishing house owned entirely by parent company Random House, a subsidiary of Penguin Random House; it is an imprint of the Random House Publishing Group. It was formed in 1945 by Walter B. Pitkin, Jr., Sidney B. Kramer, and Ian and Betty Ballantine, with funding from Grosset & Dunlap and Curtis Publishing Company. It has since been purchased several times by companies including National General, Carl Lindner's American Financial and, most recently, Bertelsmann; it became part of Random House in 1998, when Bertelsmann purchased it to form Bantam Doubleday Dell. It began as a mass market publisher, mostly of reprints of hardcover books, with some original paperbacks as well. It expanded into both trade paperback and hardcover books, including original works, often reprinted in house as mass-market editions.", "title": "Bantam Books" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Released on June 12, 1981, Raiders of the Lost Ark became the year's top - grossing film and remains one of the highest - grossing films ever made. It was nominated for eight Academy Awards in 1982, including Best Picture, and won four for Best Art Direction, Film Editing, Sound, and Visual Effects with a fifth Academy Award: a Special Achievement Award for Sound Effects Editing. The film's critical and popular success led to three additional films, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984), Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008), with a fifth slated for 2020; the television series The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1992 -- 1996), and 15 video games as of 2009. In 1999, the film was included in the U.S. Library of Congress' National Film Registry as having been deemed ``culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant ''.", "title": "Raiders of the Lost Ark" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pinhoe Egg is a children's fantasy novel by British author Diana Wynne Jones published by HarperCollins Children's Books in 2006. It was the last published of the seven (1977 to 2006).", "title": "The Pinhoe Egg" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WTHI-FM (99.9 FM; \"HI-99\") is a radio station running a country music format in Terre Haute, Indiana. The station's studios and broadcast tower are located along Ohio Street in downtown Terre Haute. The station is owned by Midwest Communications.", "title": "WTHI-FM" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indiana Jones is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry Walton ``Indiana ''Jones, Jr., a fictional professor of archaeology. It began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark. A prequel, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, followed in 1984, and a sequel, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, was released in 1989. A fourth film, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, was released in 2008, and was the last in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures. The series was created by George Lucas, and its films are directed by Steven Spielberg and star Harrison Ford as the title character. The Walt Disney Company has owned the Indiana Jones intellectual property since its acquisition of Lucasfilm, the series' production company, in 2012.", "title": "Indiana Jones" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is a 2008 American action - adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and the fourth installment in the Indiana Jones series. Released nineteen years after the previous film, the film is set in 1957, pitting Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) against Soviet agents -- led by Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett) -- searching for a telepathic crystal skull. Jones is aided by his former lover, Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen), and her son, Mutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf). Ray Winstone, John Hurt, and Jim Broadbent are also part of the supporting cast.", "title": "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bantam Books", "id": 151182, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "What is the publisher of Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils?", "raw_question": "What is the publisher of Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils?", "statement": "Bantam Books is the publisher of Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils." }, { "answer": "Random House", "id": 301867, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Bantam Books >> owned by", "raw_question": "#1 >> owned by", "statement": "Random House owned Bantam Books." }, { "answer": "2001", "id": 127418, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Which year witnessed the formation of Random House ?", "raw_question": "Which year witnessed the formation of #2 ?", "statement": "Random House was formed in 2001." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kristin Størmer Steira (born 30 April 1981) is a retired Norwegian cross-country skier. She competed from 2002 to 2015, and won six individual World Cup victories and five individual medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships and Winter Olympic Games. She also won four gold medals with the Norway relay team. In Norwegian media, Steira was dubbed \"the eternal fourth\" due to her many finishes in fourth place.", "title": "Kristin Størmer Steira" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower (also known as the Tennessee Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, that houses Tennessee government offices. The tower was built for the National Life and Accident Insurance Company and served as its National Life Center until the State of Tennessee acquired it on January 3, 1994. More than 1,000 state employees who had been assigned to numerous locations now work in the building.", "title": "William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Allen was executed by lethal injection on January 17, 2006, the day after his 76th birthday, at California's San Quentin State Prison. He became the second - oldest inmate to be executed in the United States since 1976 (John B. Nixon of Mississippi was executed in 2005 at age 77) and, as of 2018, the last inmate executed in California. Allen was assisted in the death chamber by four correctional officers, though a media observer stated that he was clearly moving under his own power. To the surprise of everyone present, the warden indicated that he needed an additional injection of the lethal potassium in order to stop his surprisingly healthy heart. Allen wrote in his final statement, which was read immediately following the execution, ``My last words will be 'Hoka hey, it's a good day to die. Thank you very much. I love you all. Goodbye.' ''", "title": "Clarence Ray Allen" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Acceptance is the first episode of season 2, written by Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner and directed by Dan Attias. House and his team has to diagnose and cure a death row inmate", "title": "Acceptance (House)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Democratic Governor Pat Quinn signed legislation on March 9, 2011 to abolish the death penalty in Illinois to go into effect July 1, 2011, and commuted the death sentences of the fifteen inmates on Illinois' death row to life imprisonment. Quinn was criticized for signing the bill after saying that he supported the death penalty during the 2010 gubernatorial campaign after which he defeated the Republican candidate with 50.4% of the vote.", "title": "Capital punishment in Illinois" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kathryn Elsbeth Erbe (born July 5, 1965) is an American actress known for her role as Detective Alexandra Eames on Law & Order: Criminal Intent, a spin - off of Law & Order, and death row inmate Shirley Bellinger in the HBO series Oz.", "title": "Kathryn Erbe" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of April 1, 2017, there were 2,843 death row inmates in the United States. The number of death row inmates changes daily with new convictions, appellate decisions overturning conviction or sentence alone, commutations, or deaths (through execution or otherwise). Due to this fluctuation as well as lag and inconsistencies in inmate reporting procedures across jurisdictions, the information in this article may be out of date.", "title": "List of death row inmates in the United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was \"a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995.\" Similarly, a study by Ronald Tabak in a law review article puts the success rate in habeas corpus cases involving death row inmates even higher, finding that between \"1976 and 1991, approximately 47 percent of the habeas petitions filed by death row inmates were granted.\" The different numbers are largely definitional, rather than substantive. Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The non-profit museum features the history of the prison system in Texas (Huntsville is the home of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and several prisons including the Ellis Unit which previously housed death row, and Huntsville Unit which houses the execution chamber). There are many different artifacts in the museum, including an electric chair named \"Old Sparky\" that was formerly used from 1924 to 1964 as the primary means of execution.", "title": "Texas Prison Museum" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment has existed in Tennessee at various times since statehood. Before 1913 the method of execution was hanging. From 1913 to 1915 there was a hiatus on executions but they were reinstated in 1916 when electrocution became the new method. From 1972 to 1978, after the Supreme Court ruled (Furman v. Georgia) capital punishment unconstitutional, there were no further executions. Capital punishment was restarted in 1978, although those prisoners awaiting execution between 1960 and 1978 had their sentences mostly commuted to life in prison. From 1916 to 1960 the state executed 125 inmates. For a variety of reasons there were no further executions until 2000. Since 2000, Tennessee has executed six prisoners and has 73 prisoners on death row (as of April 2015).", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach.", "title": "Los Alamitos Circle" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avenal is a city in Kings County, California, United States. Avenal is located southwest of Hanford, at an elevation of . It is part of the Hanford–Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA Code 25260), which encompasses all of Kings County. In area, it is the largest city in Kings County. The Zip Code for this community is 93204, and telephone numbers use the sequence (559) 386-XXXX. The population was 15,505 in the 2010 census, which includes inmates at the Avenal State Prison, the first prison actively solicited by a community in the state of California. Many of the remaining residents largely either work at the prison or in the agriculture industry. The prison provides approximately 1,000 jobs to residents. The California Department of Finance estimated that Avenal's population was 13,159 on January 1, 2015. As of that date, Avenal State Prison held 4,165 inmates, which was about 32% of the total population of Avenal. Inmates are counted as city residents by both the United States Census and the California Department of Finance.", "title": "Avenal, California" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Possibly in part due to expedited federal habeas corpus procedures embodied in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the pace of executions picked up, reaching a peak of 98 in 1999 and then they declined gradually to 28 in 2015. Since the death penalty was reauthorized in 1976, 1,411 people have been executed, almost exclusively by the states, with most occurring after 1990. Texas has accounted for over one-third of modern executions (although only two death sentences were imposed in Texas during 2015, with the courts preferring to issue sentences of life without parole instead) and over four times as many as Oklahoma, the state with the second-highest number. California has the greatest number of prisoners on death row, has issued the highest number of death sentences but has held relatively few executions.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Electrocution was the preferred method of execution during the 20th century. Electric chairs have commonly been nicknamed Old Sparky; however, Alabama's electric chair became known as the \"Yellow Mama\" due to its unique color. Some, particularly in Florida, were noted for malfunctions, which caused discussion of their cruelty and resulted in a shift to lethal injection as the preferred method of execution. Although lethal injection dominates as a method of execution, some states allow prisoners on death row to choose the method used to execute them.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Samsung Galaxy Tab E 9.6 is a 9.6 - inch Android - based tablet computer produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It belongs to the entry - level ``E ''line of the Samsung Galaxy Tab series. It was announced on June 16, 2015 and released on 1 July 2015. It is available in Wi - Fi only and Wi - Fi / 4G variants.", "title": "Samsung Galaxy Tab E 9.6" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Teresa Wilson Bean Lewis (April 26, 1969 – September 23, 2010) was an American murderer who was the only woman on death row in Virginia prior to her execution. She was sentenced to death by lethal injection for the murders of her husband and stepson in October 2002. Lewis sought to profit from a $250,000 life insurance policy her stepson had taken out as a U.S. Army reservist in anticipation of his deployment to Iraq.", "title": "Teresa Lewis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. Johann Gruber (October 20, 1889 - April 7, 1944), also known as \"Papa Gruber\" and \"The Saint of Gusen\", was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest who was imprisoned in Concentration Camp Gusen I from 1940 until his ritual death by the camp commandant on Holyfriday 1944. In the concentration camp, Gruber helped many others survive by raising funds from outside the camp and bribing the SS men and kapos in order to organise the delivery of food to starving inmates.", "title": "Johann Gruber" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court decision in Gregg v. Georgia in 1976 once again allowed for the death penalty to be imposed. (A Texas case was a companion case in the Gregg decision and was upheld by the Court; the Court stated that Texas' death penalty scheme could potentially result in fewer death penalty cases, an irony given that post-Gregg Texas has by far executed more inmates than any other state.) However, the first execution in Texas after this decision would not take place until December 7, 1982 with that of Charles Brooks, Jr... Brooks was also the first person to be judicially executed by lethal injection in the world, and the first African American to be executed in the United States since 1967.", "title": "Capital punishment in Texas" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lo-Fi is an American country band formed in Nashville, TN in 2013. led by singer/songwriter, Jamie Teachenor(vocals, piano, keyboards) and songwriter & producer, Joe West (guitars, vocals). Teachenor and West have both been independently successful in the music business, working with artists such as Justin Timberlake, Keith Urban, Luke Bryan, P. Diddy, Steve Earle, Trisha Yearwood, Tim McGraw, Emmylou Harris, Blake Shelton, Shakira, and many more, with combined sales of over 20 million albums. Their first public performance as Lo-Fi was on May 7, 2013, at the Historic Ryman Auditorium, as part of the sold out show, \"Honor Thy Song\", honoring late Nashville singer-songwriter and producer, Tim Johnson.", "title": "Lo-Fi (band)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrew Lee Jones (c. 1955 – July 22, 1991) was an American executed for murder. He was tried, convicted, and executed in the electric chair in Louisiana for the murder of Tumekica Jackson. He was the last inmate to die in Louisiana's infamous electric chair, \"Gruesome Gertie\".", "title": "Andrew Lee Jones" } ]

[ { "answer": "Nashville", "id": 515576, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Lo-Fi >> location of formation", "raw_question": "Lo-Fi >> location of formation", "statement": "Lo-Fi was formed in Nashville." }, { "answer": "Tennessee", "id": 777020, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Nashville >> capital of", "raw_question": "#1 >> capital of", "statement": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee." }, { "answer": "73", "id": 31361, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "How many death row inmates were awaiting executing in Tennessee in April 2015?", "raw_question": "How many death row inmates were awaiting executing in #2 in April 2015?", "statement": "In April 2015, 73 death row inmates were awaiting execution in Tennessee." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hotel Galvez is a historic hotel located in Galveston, Texas, United States that opened in 1911. The building was named the Galvez, honoring Bernardo de Gálvez, 1st Viscount of Galveston, for whom the city was named. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 4, 1979.", "title": "Hotel Galvez" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The City Park Golf Courses consist of two 18-hole golf courses located in City Park, in New Orleans, Louisiana. The two courses named the South Course and North Course also include a driving range, ancillary short-game facility and two clubhouses.", "title": "City Park Golf Courses (New Orleans)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Poseidonion Grand Hotel () is a luxury hotel in Greece, one of the most luxurious in southeastern Europe. It is located in the island of Spetses and has been a landmark on the Spetses skyline for nearly a century with its exceptional architecture echoing hotels of Côte d'Azur style.", "title": "Poseidonion Grand Hotel" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bruneau Range is a mountain range in Elko County, Nevada, United States. It is contained within the Mountain City Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The range is considered to be a sub-range of the Jarbidge Mountains.", "title": "Bruneau Range" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rousseau Range is a small mountain range in southeastern Alaska, United States, located just north of the Peabody Mountains. It has an area of 264 km and is a subrange of the Boundary Ranges which in turn form part of the Coast Mountains. The range is located entirely within Misty Fjords National Monument.", "title": "Rousseau Range" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Humboldt Township is one of twelve townships in Humboldt County, Iowa, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 624. Despite its name, the township does not contain the City of Humboldt.", "title": "Humboldt Township, Humboldt County, Iowa" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Round Mountain, one of three peaks of the same name in the region, is a mountain located on the Main Range of the Snowy Mountains, part of the Great Dividing Range, in southeastern New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Round Mountain (Snowy Mountains)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A major part of Southern Nevada's economy is based on tourism, including gambling. The primary drivers of the Las Vegas economy have been the confluence of tourism, gaming, and conventions which in turn feed the retail and dining industries. The city serves as world headquarters for the world's two largest Fortune 500 gaming companies, Harrah's Entertainment and MGM Mirage.", "title": "Southern Nevada" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sawtooth Range is a small mountain range in southeastern Alaska, United States, located just southwest of Warm Pass and on the north side of the East Fork of the Skagway River. It has an area of 97 km and is a subrange of the Boundary Ranges which in turn form part of the Coast Mountains.", "title": "Sawtooth Range (Alaska)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trident, Chennai is a five-star hotel located on GST Road at Meenambakkam, Chennai, India, directly across GST Road from the Chennai International Airport, about 20 minutes from the Chennai city centre. Managed by the Oberoi Group of Hotels, the hotel is built on of land and is the first airport hotel of the city. It is also the registered office of the EIH Associated Hotels Limited.", "title": "Trident, Chennai" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pieck Range () is a short mountain range surmounted by Zwiesel Mountain, located at the east side of Humboldt Graben in the Petermann Ranges, Wohlthat Mountains in Antarctica.", "title": "Pieck Range" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Penn Alto Building is a landmark building located in downtown Altoona, Pennsylvania, United States. The building is nine stories high and has a partial tenth floor penthouse. The name of the building remains the same, even though its usage has changed over time. The name changed from the Penn Alto Hotel to Penn Alto Apartments when it changed from strictly being a hotel to a residential hotel, which rents both apartments and hotel rooms. The current name is City Hall Commons, deriving its name from its proximity to City Hall, which is just across the street.", "title": "Penn Alto Building" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Humboldt Range is a largely north-south running range of mountains in northwest Nevada, USA, that extend from the town of Imlay in the north to the junction with the West Humboldt Range in the south. It is bordered continuously by Interstate 80 and the Humboldt River, largely expanded in the form of the Rye Patch Reservoir in this area, on the west side and by a long and fairly broad Buena Vista Valley to the east, in a typical basin-and-range pattern. The Humboldts are ostensibly visible to travelers along Interstate 80, especially with respect to the highest point of the range, Star Peak, which with a quite nicely defined tip reaches an elevation of 9,836 feet (2,998 m), located in the center of the north range section. The midpoint of the range is in the area of Fourth of July Flat. The Humboldt Range is also noteworthy for having a famous historical town at its base on the eastern side called Unionville, which, for a brief period, was home to Samuel Clemens. Another historical site, now a ghost town, nearby is called Star City. Unlike some ranges in the vicinity, the substantial height of the Humboldts allows for a number of continuously flowing watersheds, and hiking the terrain is a somewhat noted activity.", "title": "Humboldt Range" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Madison Hotel is located in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States. It was built in 1929 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 20, 1984.", "title": "Madison Hotel (Atlantic City)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Humboldt or Humboldt Lake is an endorheic basin lake in northern Churchill County and southern Pershing County in the state of Nevada in the United States. The lake has the name of Alexander von Humboldt, a German natural scientist.", "title": "Lake Humboldt" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Hotel and Casino opened in 1996. When the casino first opened, it did not perform up to expectations. In 1999 a major addition to the casino and other amenities were added. The success of these changes has been demonstrated by continued expansions in later years.", "title": "The Orleans" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of New York City is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Boulder Dam Hotel, also known as the Boulder City Inn, is a hotel located in Boulder City, Nevada that is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. It was designed in the Colonial Revival style by architect Henry Smith. The hotel was built to accommodate official visitors and tourists during the building of Boulder Dam, now Hoover Dam.", "title": "Boulder Dam Hotel" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Randolph Hotel or Hotel Randolph is a nine-story hotel located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. This hotel was designed and built by the H.L. Stevens & Company in 1911. It rents rooms for a weekly rate. Most guests are considered long term, meaning they stay for more than thirty consecutive days. The Randolph Hotel is located on the corner of Fourth Street and Court Avenue downtown, along the historic Court Avenue strip.", "title": "Randolph Hotel (Des Moines, Iowa)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fox Creek Range is a mountain range in Elko County, Nevada, United States. It is mostly contained within the Jarbidge Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The range is considered to be a sub-range of the Jarbidge Mountains.", "title": "Fox Creek Range" } ]

[ { "answer": "Nevada", "id": 129307, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "In which state is Humboldt Range located?", "raw_question": "In which state is Humboldt Range located?", "statement": "The Humboldt Range is located in the state of Nevada." }, { "answer": "Las Vegas", "id": 85073, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "what is the name of the large city in southeastern Nevada", "raw_question": "what is the name of the large city in southeastern #1", "statement": "The large city in southeastern Nevada is Las Vegas." }, { "answer": "1996", "id": 77697, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "when was the orleans hotel in Las Vegas built", "raw_question": "when was the orleans hotel in #2 built", "statement": "The Orleans Hotel in Las Vegas was built in 1996." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size.", "title": "Sydney" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Theme from \"New York, New York\"\" (or \"New York, New York\") is the theme song from the Martin Scorsese film \"New York, New York\" (1977), composed by John Kander, with lyrics by Fred Ebb. It was written for and performed in the film by Liza Minnelli. It remains one of the best-known songs about New York City. In 2004 it finished #31 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American Cinema.", "title": "Theme from New York, New York" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The rural Plains have lost a third of their population since 1920. Several hundred thousand square miles (several hundred thousand square kilometers) of the Great Plains have fewer than 6 inhabitants per square mile (2.3 inhabitants per square kilometer)—the density standard Frederick Jackson Turner used to declare the American frontier \"closed\" in 1893. Many have fewer than 2 inhabitants per square mile (0.77 inhabitants per square kilometer). There are more than 6,000 ghost towns in the state of Kansas alone, according to Kansas historian Daniel Fitzgerald. This problem is often exacerbated by the consolidation of farms and the difficulty of attracting modern industry to the region. In addition, the smaller school-age population has forced the consolidation of school districts and the closure of high schools in some communities. The continuing population loss has led some to suggest that the current use of the drier parts of the Great Plains is not sustainable, and there has been a proposal - the \"Buffalo Commons\" - to return approximately 139,000 square miles (360,000 km2) of these drier parts to native prairie land.", "title": "Great Plains" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Counties of Georgia Location State of Georgia Number 159 Populations Greatest: 1,010,562 (Fulton) Least: 1,680 (Taliaferro) Average: 64,845 (2016) Areas Largest: 903 square miles (2,340 km) (Ware) Smallest: 121 square miles (310 km) (Clarke) Average: 374 square miles (970 km) Government County government Subdivisions Cities, towns, unincorporated communities, census designated place", "title": "List of counties in Georgia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Miglia Quadrato is an annual car treasure hunt which takes place on the second or third weekend in May within the City of London (known as the 'Square Mile'). It is organised by the United Hospitals and University of London Motoring Club (UHULMC). The event has a long history - the fifty-ninth event took place on the evening/morning of 18/19 May 2019.", "title": "Miglia Quadrato" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 8,491,079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents). In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion, while in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries, respectively.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1,189 sq mi (3,080 km) park is roughly the size of the U.S. state of Rhode Island and contains thousands of lakes and ponds, 1,600 miles (2,600 km) of streams, 800 miles (1,300 km) of hiking trails, and 350 miles (560 km) of roads. Two federally designated Wild and Scenic Rivers, the Merced and the Tuolumne, begin within Yosemite's borders and flow westward through the Sierra foothills, into the Central Valley of California. On average, about 4 million people visit the park each year, with most visitor use concentrated in the seven - square - mile (18 km) area of Yosemite Valley.", "title": "Yosemite National Park" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One acre equals 0.0015625 square miles, 4,840 square yards, 43,560 square feet or about 4,047 square metres (0.4047 hectares) (see below). While all modern variants of the acre contain 4,840 square yards, there are alternative definitions of a yard, so the exact size of an acre depends on which yard it is based. Originally, an acre was understood as a selion of land sized at forty perches (660 ft, or 1 furlong) long and four perches (66 ft) wide; this may have also been understood as an approximation of the amount of land a yoke of oxen could plough in one day. A square enclosing one acre is approximately 69.57 yards, or 208 feet 9 inches (63.61 metres) on a side. As a unit of measure, an acre has no prescribed shape; any area of 43,560 square feet is an acre.", "title": "Acre" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 620.34 square miles (1,606.7 km2), of which, 601.11 square miles (1,556.9 km2) of it is land and 19.23 square miles (49.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 3.09 percent water.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The rooks are placed on the outside corners, right and left edge. The knights are placed immediately inside of the rooks. The bishops are placed immediately inside of the knights. The queen is placed on the central square of the same color of that of the player: white queen on the white square and black queen on the black square. The king takes the vacant spot next to the queen. The pawns are placed one square in front of all of the other pieces.", "title": "Rules of chess" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma City Police Department, has a uniformed force of 1,169 officers and 300+ civilian employees. The Department has a central police station and five substations covering 2,500 police reporting districts that average 1/4 square mile in size.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2000, there were 1,651 people, 666 households, and 440 families residing in the county. The population density was 0.39 people per square mile (0.15/km²). There were 1,025 housing units at an average density of 0.25 per square mile (0.09/km²).", "title": "Eureka County, Nevada" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Visit is a musical with a book by Terrence McNally, lyrics by Fred Ebb, and music by John Kander.", "title": "The Visit (musical)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the 565 municipalities in the U.S. state of New Jersey, ordered by population. There are five types of municipality in the state -- boroughs (250), cities (52), towns (15), townships (245), and villages (4). New Jersey, the fourth - smallest state, covers 8,722 square miles (22,590 km), meaning the average land size of a municipality in the state is about 15 square miles (39 km) -- but note the wide range of actual sizes in the map at right.", "title": "List of municipalities in New Jersey" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2000, there are 84,084 people, 44,497 households, and 16,775 families in the city. The population density is 10,178.7 inhabitants per square mile (3,930.4/km²). There are 47,863 housing units at an average density of 5,794.0 per square mile (2,237.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 78.29% White, 7.25% Asian, 3.78% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 5.97% from other races, and 4.13% from two or more races. 13.44% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 44,497 households, out of which 15.8% have children under the age of 18, 27.5% are married couples living together, 7.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 62.3% are non-families. 51.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 1.83 and the average family size is 2.80.", "title": "Santa Monica, California" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the 2010 census, there were 579,999 people, 230,233 households, and 144,120 families residing in the city. The population density was 956.4 inhabitants per square mile (321.9/km²). There were 256,930 housing units at an average density of 375.9 per square mile (145.1/km²).", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York covers 54,555 square miles (141,300 km) and ranks as the 27th largest state by size. The highest elevation in New York is Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks, at 5,344 feet (1,629 meters) above sea level; while the state's lowest point is at sea level, on the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "New York (state)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Square (formerly Court House Park or Courthouse Square) is a park in the center of downtown Buffalo, Erie County, New York, United States that hosts a Civil War monument. The block, which was once square, is lined by many of the city's tallest buildings. The square was named for General Lafayette, who visited Buffalo in 1825.", "title": "Lafayette Square (Buffalo)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,070 square miles (2,800 km2), of which 1,067 square miles (2,760 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) (0.3%) is water.", "title": "Gonzales County, Texas" } ]

[ { "answer": "Fred Ebb", "id": 260450, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "The Visit >> lyrics by", "raw_question": "The Visit >> lyrics by", "statement": "This sub-question is not relevant to the main question, as it only provides information about the lyricist of The Visit, but not the size of the place where he died." }, { "answer": "New York City", "id": 533132, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Fred Ebb >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Fred Ebb died in New York City." }, { "answer": "305", "id": 1660, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "What is the size of New York City in square miles?", "raw_question": "What is the size of #2 in square miles?", "statement": "New York City is 305 square miles." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri (\"sea-land\"). The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros \"red\"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea). The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936. Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 (nominally within a federation until 1962) and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution.[citation needed]", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Korea under Japanese rule began with the end of the short - lived Korean Empire in 1910 and ended at the conclusion of World War II in 1945. Japanese rule of Korea was the outcome of a process that began with the Japan -- Korea Treaty of 1876, whereby a complex coalition of the Meiji government, military, and business officials sought to integrate Korea both politically and economically into the Empire of Japan. A major stepping - stone towards the Japanese occupation of Korea was the Japan -- Korea Treaty of 1905, in which the then - Korean Empire was declared a protectorate of Japan. The annexation of Korea by Japan was set up in the Japan -- Korea Treaty of 1910, which was never actually signed by the Korean Regent, Gojong.", "title": "Korea under Japanese rule" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies.", "title": "Armistice of Cassibile" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, sparking the Korean War, the Cold War's first major conflict, which continued until 1953. At the time, the Soviet Union had boycotted the United Nations (UN), thus forfeiting their veto rights. This allowed the UN to intervene in a civil war when it became apparent that the superior North Korean forces would unify the entire country. The Soviet Union and China backed North Korea, with the later participation of millions of Chinese troops. After an ebb and flow that saw both sides almost pushed to the brink of extinction, and massive losses among Korean civilians in both the north and the south, the war eventually reached a stalemate. The 1953 armistice, never signed by South Korea, split the peninsula along the demilitarized zone near the original demarcation line. No peace treaty was ever signed, resulting in the two countries remaining technically at war. Over 1.2 million people died during the Korean War.", "title": "South Korea" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In July 1953, an armistice took effect with Korea divided along approximately the same boundary as in 1950. The armistice and boundary remain in effect today, with American soldiers stationed there to guarantee it. The armistice, concluded despite opposition from Secretary Dulles, South Korean President Syngman Rhee, and also within Eisenhower's party, has been described by biographer Ambrose as the greatest achievement of the administration. Eisenhower had the insight to realize that unlimited war in the nuclear age was unthinkable, and limited war unwinnable.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peace, Perfect Peace is a 1918 British silent drama film directed by Arrigo Bocchi and starring Hayford Hobbs, Mary Odette and Mary Marsh Allen. The Armistice that ends the First World War allows French and British soldiers to return home.", "title": "Peace, Perfect Peace" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As of 29 February 2016, 124 countries were contributing a total of 105,314 personnel in Peacekeeping Operations, with Ethiopia leading the tally (8,324), followed by India (7,695) and Bangladesh (7,525). In June 2013. Pakistan contributed the highest number overall with 8,186 personnel, followed by India (7,878), Bangladesh (7,799), Ethiopia (6,502), Rwanda (4,686), Nigeria (4,684), Nepal (4,495), Jordan (3,374), Ghana (2,859), and Egypt (2,750). As of 28 February 2015, 120 countries were contributing a total of 104,928 personnel in Peacekeeping Operations, with Bangladesh leading the tally (9446). As of March 2008, in addition to military and police personnel, 5,187 international civilian personnel, 2,031 UN Volunteers and 12,036 local civilian personnel worked in UN peacekeeping missions.", "title": "United Nations peacekeeping" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By adopting resolution 1094(1997) on efforts towards peace in Central America, the Security Council authorized on 20 January 1997 the attachment of a group of 155 military observers and requisite medical personnel to MINUGUA for a three-month period, operational as of 3 March 1997. The task of the observer group were verification of the agreement on the definitive ceasefire. While retaining its acronym MINUGUA, the peacekeeping mission's name was changed to United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala as of 1 April 1997 in order to reflect the new mandate. In a Presidential Statement of 5 March 1997 (S/PRST/1997/9), the Council welcomed the deployment on 3 March 1997 of the group of United Nations military observers attached to the United Nations Mission for the Verification of Human Rights and of Compliance with the Commitments of the Comprehensive Agreement on Human Rights in Guatemala (MINUGUA) for the purposes of verification of the Oslo ceasefire agreement and reaffirmed its full support for the peace process in Guatemala.", "title": "MINUGUA" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first battle the Americans entered in the Korean War was the Battle of Osan, where about four hundred strong landed in Pusan airport on the first of July. The American troops were sent off to Taejon the next morning where Major General John H. Church the head of U.S. field headquarters was confident in the US troop's strengths to push back the North Koreans. On July fifth the troops were finally put to the test when North Korean tanks crept towards Osan. The four hundred infantryman of the U.S. also called Task Force Smith opened fire on the North Koreans at 8: 16 am. Only four of the North Korean tanks were destroyed and twenty - nine kept moving forward breaking the US line. At the end of the battle only two more North Korean Tanks and two regiments of North Korean infantry were destroyed. The US had lost the battle, revealing that the mere sight of US troops would not reverse the military balance in Korea. By early August, the North Korean troops had pushed back the US and South Korean troops all the way to Naktong River, which is located about thirty miles from Pusan. The two weeks of fighting following this resulted in the most casualties of US troops than any other equivalent period of this war. However, during this time the US pushed supplies and personnel to Korea and by the end of July South Koreans and US troops outnumbered the North Koreans, although the North had pushed back the US and South by an amazing amount the North had suffered over fifty thousand casualties. Also because North Koreas supply lines were so lengthy and with the US in control of the water and air replenishing there losses were slow.", "title": "United States in the Korean War" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 15, 1973, citing progress in peace negotiations, Nixon announced the suspension of all offensive actions against North Vietnam, to be followed by a unilateral withdrawal of all U.S. troops. The Paris Peace Accords on ``Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam ''were signed on January 27, officially ending direct U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.", "title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Texas had formed in 1836, after breaking away from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. The following year, an ambassador from Texas approached the United States about the possibility of becoming an American state. Fearing a war with Mexico, which did not recognize Texas independence, the United States declined the offer. In 1844, James K. Polk was elected the United States president after promising to annex Texas. Before he assumed office, the outgoing president, John Tyler, entered negotiations with Texas. On February 26, 1845, six days before Polk took office, the U.S. Congress approved the annexation. The Texas legislature approved annexation in July 1845 and constructed a state constitution. In October, Texas residents approved the annexation and the new constitution, and Texas was officially inducted into the United States on December 29, 1845.", "title": "History of Texas (1845–1860)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Korea was occupied and declared a Japanese protectorate following the Japan -- Korea Treaty of 1905, and officially annexed in 1910 through the annexation treaty.", "title": "Japanese colonial empire" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On September 9, the House of Commons and Senate approved authorization for a declaration of war. The Cabinet then drafted an Order in Council to that effect. On September 10, Vincent Massey, Canada's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, brought the document to King George VI, at the Royal Lodge, Windsor Great Park, for his signature, whereupon Canada had officially declared war on Germany. In his capacity as the government's official recorder for the war effort, Leonard Brockington noted: ``King George VI of England did not ask us to declare war for him -- we asked King George VI of Canada to declare war for us. ''", "title": "Declaration of war by Canada" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1952, the United States elected a new president, and on 29 November 1952, the president-elect, Dwight D. Eisenhower, went to Korea to learn what might end the Korean War. With the United Nations' acceptance of India's proposed Korean War armistice, the KPA, the PVA, and the UN Command ceased fire with the battle line approximately at the 38th parallel. Upon agreeing to the armistice, the belligerents established the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which has since been patrolled by the KPA and ROKA, United States, and Joint UN Commands.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia.", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the outset of the Korean War, \"Leyte\" was ordered to the Korean Peninsula, arriving in October 1950. Brown, an ensign, flew 20 combat missions before his F4U Corsair aircraft came under fire and crashed on a remote mountaintop on 4 December 1950 while supporting ground troops at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir. Brown died of his wounds despite the efforts of wingman Thomas J. Hudner Jr., who intentionally crashed his own aircraft in a rescue attempt, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor.", "title": "Jesse L. Brown" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Operation Flash (/Операција Бљесак) was a brief Croatian Army (HV) offensive conducted against the forces of the self-declared Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK) from 1–3 May 1995. The offensive occurred in the later stages of the Croatian War of Independence and was the first major confrontation after ceasefire and economic cooperation agreements were signed between Croatia and the RSK in 1994. The last organised RSK resistance formally ceased on 3 May, with the majority of troops surrendering the next day near Pakrac, although mop-up operations continued for another two weeks.", "title": "Operation Flash" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Cold War, American troops and their allies fought Communist forces in Korea and Vietnam. The Korean War began in 1950, when the Soviets walked out of a U.N. Security meeting, removing their possible veto. Under a United Nations umbrella, hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops fought to prevent the takeover of South Korea by North Korea, and later, to invade the northern nation. After repeated advances and retreats by both sides, and the PRC People's Volunteer Army's entry into the war, the Korean Armistice Agreement returned the peninsula to the status quo in 1953.", "title": "United States Army" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Day of Peace, sometimes unofficially known as World Peace Day, is a United Nations - sanctioned holiday observed annually on 21 September. It is dedicated to world peace, and specifically the absence of war and violence, such as might be occasioned by a temporary ceasefire in a combat zone for humanitarian aid access. The day was first celebrated in 1982, and is kept by many nations, political groups, military groups, and people. In 2013 the day was dedicated by the Secretary - General of the United Nations to peace education, the key preventive means to reduce war sustainably.", "title": "International Day of Peace" } ]

[ { "answer": "the United Nations", "id": 18466, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Who approved the Korean War armistice that officially declared a ceasefire?", "raw_question": "Who approved the Korean War armistice that officially declared a ceasefire?", "statement": "The United Nations approved the Korean War armistice that officially declared a ceasefire." }, { "answer": "Ethiopia", "id": 48661, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "largest troop contributor to the the United Nations peace keeping mission", "raw_question": "largest troop contributor to the #1 peace keeping mission", "statement": "Ethiopia was the largest troop contributor to the United Nations peacekeeping mission." }, { "answer": "1953", "id": 15069, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "When was Eritrea annexed by Ethiopia ?", "raw_question": "When was Eritrea annexed by #2 ?", "statement": "Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus (flourished 1st century BC) was the brother of triumvir Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and son to Marcus Aemilius Lepidus the consul of 78 BC. His mother may have been a daughter of Lucius Appuleius Saturninus.", "title": "Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of New York begins around 10,000 BC, when the first native peoples arrived. By 1100 AD, New York's main native cultures, the Iroquoian and Algonquian, had developed. European discovery of New York was led by the French in 1524 and the first land claim came in 1609 by the Dutch. As part of New Netherland, the colony was important in the fur trade and eventually became an agricultural resource thanks to the patroon system. In 1626 the Dutch bought the island of Manhattan from Native Americans. In 1664, England renamed the colony New York, after the Duke of York (later James II & VII.) New York City gained prominence in the 18th century as a major trading port in the Thirteen Colonies.", "title": "History of New York (state)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rue de Richelieu is a long street of Paris, starting in the south of the 1st arrondissement, ending in the 2nd arrondissement. For the first half of the nineteenth century, before Baron Hausmann redefined Paris with grand boulevards, it was one of the most fashionable streets of Paris:", "title": "Rue de Richelieu" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Belal Fadl () (born 1974) is a screenplay writer, ex-journalist and a column writer at Almasry Alyoum born and raised in Cairo, Egypt. Fadl has roots from Alexandria.", "title": "Belal Fadl" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Printing in East Asia evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tables in China during the Han dynasty (206 BC -- 220 CE). Mechanical woodblock printing on paper started in China during the Tang dynasty before the 8th century CE. Use of woodblock printing quickly spread to other East Asian countries. While the Chinese used only clay and wood movable type at first, use of metal movable type was pioneered in Korea by the 13th century. The Western - style printing press became known in East Asia by the 16th century but was not fully adopted until centuries later.", "title": "History of printing in East Asia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 332 BC, Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered Egypt as he toppled the Achaemenids and established the Hellenistic Ptolemaic Kingdom, whose first ruler was one of Alexander's former generals, Ptolemy I Soter. The Ptolemies had to fight native rebellions and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its final annexation by Rome. The death of Cleopatra ended the nominal independence of Egypt resulting in Egypt becoming one of the provinces of the Roman Empire.", "title": "History of Egypt" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the Cimmerians, and together they attacked the Assyrian Empire. The civil war ravaged the Assyrian Empire between 616 BC and 605 BC, thus freeing their respective peoples from three centuries of Assyrian rule. The unification of the Median tribes under a single ruler in 728 BC led to the foundation of the Median Empire which, by 612 BC, controlled the whole Iran and the eastern Anatolia. This marked the end of the Kingdom of Urartu as well, which was subsequently conquered and dissolved.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest known references to the islands as a group appeared in the writings of sea-farers from the ancient Greek colony of Massalia. The original records have been lost; however, later writings, e.g. Avienus's Ora maritima, that quoted from the Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC) and from Pytheas's On the Ocean (circa 325–320 BC) have survived. In the 1st century BC, Diodorus Siculus has Prettanikē nēsos, \"the British Island\", and Prettanoi, \"the Britons\". Strabo used Βρεττανική (Brettanike), and Marcian of Heraclea, in his Periplus maris exteri, used αἱ Πρεττανικαί νῆσοι (the Prettanic Isles) to refer to the islands. Historians today, though not in absolute agreement, largely agree that these Greek and Latin names were probably drawn from native Celtic-language names for the archipelago. Along these lines, the inhabitants of the islands were called the Πρεττανοί (Priteni or Pretani). The shift from the \"P\" of Pretannia to the \"B\" of Britannia by the Romans occurred during the time of Julius Caesar.", "title": "British Isles" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cleopatra's Daughter () is a 1960 historical drama film set in Egypt during the reign of the pharaoh Khufu (r. 2589-2566 BC). The film stars Debra Paget and was directed by Fernando Cerchio. For some reason, the English version was translated very differently from the original Italian script, setting the film in the 1st century BC, rather than the early Bronze Age.", "title": "Cleopatra's Daughter" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After a period of confusion following Alexander's death, the Antigonid dynasty, descended from one of Alexander's generals, established its control over Macedon and most of the Greek city-states by 276 BC. From about 200 BC the Roman Republic became increasingly involved in Greek affairs and engaged in a series of wars with Macedon. Macedon's defeat at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC signalled the end of Antigonid power in Greece. In 146 BC Macedonia was annexed as a province by Rome, and the rest of Greece became a Roman protectorate.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marcus Antonius Creticus (flourished 1st century BC) was a Roman politician, member of the Antonius family. Creticus was the son of Marcus Antonius and, by his marriage to Julia Antonia, he had three sons: Marcus Antonius (the Triumvir), Gaius Antonius and Lucius Antonius.", "title": "Marcus Antonius Creticus" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium Rōmānum, Classical Latin: (ɪmˈpɛ. ri. ũː roːˈmaː. nũː); Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr. Basileia tōn Rhōmaiōn) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, with a government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world c. 100 BC -- c. AD 400, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around AD 500, and the Empire's population grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500 - year - old republic which preceded it had been severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title Augustus, effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic.", "title": "Roman Empire" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Four periods are recognised in Pakistani architecture: pre-Islamic, Islamic, colonial, and post-colonial. With the beginning of the Indus civilization around the middle of the 3rd millennium BCE, an advanced urban culture developed for the first time in the region, with large buildings, some of which survive to this day. Mohenjo Daro, Harappa, and Kot Diji are among the pre-Islamic settlements that are now tourist attractions. The rise of Buddhism and the influence of Greek civilisation led to the development of a Greco-Buddhist style, starting from the 1st century CE. The high point of this era was the Gandhara style. An example of Buddhist architecture is the ruins of the Buddhist monastery Takht-i-Bahi in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.", "title": "Pakistan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites (, died 20 BC), also known as Mithridates II of Commagene, was a man of Armenian and Greek descent who lived in the 1st century BC. He was a prince of Commagene and one of the sons of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene and Queen Isias Philostorgos of Commagene. When his father died in 38 BC, he succeeded his father and reigned until his death.", "title": "Mithridates II of Commagene" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence, the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century, it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first five books -- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, book of Numbers and Deuteronomy -- reached their present form in the Persian period (538 -- 332 BC), and their authors were the elite of exilic returnees who controlled the Temple at that time. The books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings follow, forming a history of Israel from the Conquest of Canaan to the Siege of Jerusalem c. 587 BC. There is a broad consensus among scholars that these originated as a single work (the so - called ``Deuteronomistic history '') during the Babylonian exile of the 6th century BC. The two Books of Chronicles cover much the same material as the Pentateuch and Deuteronomistic history and probably date from the 4th century BC. Chronicles, and Ezra -- Nehemiah, were probably finished during the 3rd century BC. Catholic and Orthodox Old Testaments contain two (Catholic Old Testament) to four (Orthodox) Books of Maccabees, written in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC.", "title": "Old Testament" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Around the 1st century BC the Shadanga or Six Limbs of Indian Painting, were evolved, a series of canons laying down the main principles of the art. Vatsyayana, who lived during the third century A.D., enumerates these in his Kamasutra having extracted them from still more ancient works.", "title": "Indian painting" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of the Dark Ages is traditionally dated to 776 BC, the year of the first Olympic Games. The Iliad and the Odyssey, the foundational texts of Western literature, are believed to have been composed by Homer in the 8th or 7th centuries BC With the end of the Dark Ages, there emerged various kingdoms and city-states across the Greek peninsula, which spread to the shores of the Black Sea, Southern Italy (Latin: Magna Graecia, or Greater Greece) and Asia Minor. These states and their colonies reached great levels of prosperity that resulted in an unprecedented cultural boom, that of classical Greece, expressed in architecture, drama, science, mathematics and philosophy. In 508 BC, Cleisthenes instituted the world's first democratic system of government in Athens.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early hominids led a nomadic hunter-gatherer life. France has a large number of decorated caves from the upper Palaeolithic era, including one of the most famous and best preserved, Lascaux (approximately 18,000 BC). At the end of the last glacial period (10,000 BC), the climate became milder; from approximately 7,000 BC, this part of Western Europe entered the Neolithic era and its inhabitants became sedentary.", "title": "France" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Armenia is a unitary, multi-party, democratic nation-state with an ancient cultural heritage. Urartu was established in 860 BC and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia. In the 1st century BC the Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great. Armenia became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion. In between the late 3rd century to early years of the 4th century, the state became the first Christian nation. The official date of state adoption of Christianity is 301 AD. The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century.", "title": "Armenia" } ]

[ { "answer": "Egypt", "id": 103721, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Where was Belal Fadl from?", "raw_question": "Where was Belal Fadl from?", "statement": "Belal Fadl was from Egypt." }, { "answer": "the Roman Empire", "id": 52584, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "in the 1st century bc Egypt became a colony of", "raw_question": "in the 1st century bc #1 became a colony of", "statement": "Egypt became a colony of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC." }, { "answer": "c. 100 BC -- c. AD 400", "id": 84668, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "when did the Roman Empire end and start", "raw_question": "when did #2 end and start", "statement": "The Roman Empire ended around c. 100 BC and started around c. AD 400." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Goshen Township is one of the fourteen townships of Clermont County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 15,505.", "title": "Goshen Township, Clermont County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rosedale is a neighborhood in Camden, New Jersey. It is located on the border with Pennsauken Township and has a population of 1,807.", "title": "Rosedale, Camden" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parkway Pines is an unincorporated community located along the border of Howell Township in Monmouth County and Brick Township in Ocean County, in New Jersey, United States. The Howell area of this community is called Ramtown.", "title": "Parkway Pines, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "title": "Latvia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda.", "title": "Dallol (woreda)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poplar Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 173 as of the 2000 census. Poplar Township was named from the groves of poplar trees within its borders.", "title": "Poplar Township, Cass County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT) is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area -- over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third largest Australian federal division -- it is sparsely populated. The Northern Territory's population of 244,000 (2016) makes it the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania.", "title": "Northern Territory" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grand Meadow Township is a township in Mower County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 344 at the 2000 census. The city of Grand Meadow, lies on the eastern boundary of Grand Meadow. All other areas of the township are unincorporated areas. The township was named for the typical landscapes within its borders.", "title": "Grand Meadow Township, Mower County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sandy Lake is an unincorporated community Native American village located in Turner Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. Its name in the Ojibwe language is \"Gaa-mitaawangaagamaag\", meaning \"Place of the Sandy-shored Lake\". The village is administrative center for the Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, though the administration of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation, District II, is located in the nearby East Lake.", "title": "Sandy Lake, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.", "title": "Kingdom of Gera" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Clermont County Public Library is a public library in Clermont County, Ohio, located east of Hamilton County and within the greater Cincinnati area. There are ten library branches in the system: Amelia, Batavia, Bethel, Felicity, Goshen, Milford, New Richmond, Owensville, Union Township, and Williamsburg.", "title": "Clermont County Public Library" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goshen Township is one of the fifteen townships of Hardin County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 562.", "title": "Goshen Township, Hardin County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hamilton County is the name of ten counties in the United States of America, eight of them named for Alexander Hamilton, first United States Secretary of the Treasury:", "title": "Hamilton County" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goshen Township is one of the sixteen townships of Belmont County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census reported a population of 3,147 people in the township, 1,438 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township.", "title": "Goshen Township, Belmont County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cozaddale is an unincorporated community in southeastern Hamilton Township, Warren County, Ohio, United States. It is about one mile south of Comargo, one mile southeast of Hickory Corner, and two miles west of Pleasant Plain, and three miles north of Goshen, Ohio.", "title": "Cozaddale, Ohio" } ]

[ { "answer": "Clermont County", "id": 374907, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Goshen Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Goshen Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Clermont County is named after the country of France." }, { "answer": "Hamilton County", "id": 183029, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Clermont County >> shares border with", "raw_question": "#1 >> shares border with", "statement": "Clermont County shares a border with Hamilton County." }, { "answer": "Alexander Hamilton", "id": 405676, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Hamilton County >> named after", "raw_question": "#2 >> named after", "statement": "Hamilton County was named after Alexander Hamilton." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Local Economic Assessment Package (also known as “EDR-LEAP” or “LEAP Model”) is a web-based, interactive database and software tool used by local and regional agencies in the US to improve strategies for economic development. It provides local economic performance measures, and benchmarks for comparison of economic development factors against competing regions. It works by incorporating elements of economic base analysis as well as gap analysis and business cluster analysis to identify needs for improvement and paths for economic growth.", "title": "Local Economic Assessment Package" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bayer process was invented in 1888 by Carl Josef Bayer. Working in Saint Petersburg, Russia to develop a method for supplying alumina to the textile industry (it was used as a mordant in dyeing cotton), Bayer discovered in 1887 that the aluminium hydroxide that precipitated from alkaline solution was crystalline and could be easily filtered and washed, while that precipitated from acid medium by neutralization was gelatinous and difficult to wash. The industrial success of this process caused it to replace the Le Chatelier process which was used to produce alumina from bauxite.", "title": "Bayer process" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WinUSB is a generic USB driver provided by Microsoft, for their operating systems starting with Windows Vista but which is also available for Windows XP. It is aimed at simple devices that are accessed by only one application at a time (for example instruments like weather stations, devices that only need a diagnostic connection or for firmware upgrades). It enables the application to directly access the device through a simple software library. The library provides access to the pipes of the device. WinUSB exposes a client API that enables developers to work with USB devices from user-mode. Starting with Windows 7, USB MTP devices use WinUSB instead of the kernel mode filter driver.", "title": "WinUSB" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "LaserDisc was a composite video format: the luminance (black and white) and chrominance (color) information were transmitted in one signal, separated by the receiver. While good comb filters can do so adequately, these two signals cannot be completely separated. On DVDs, data is stored in the form of digital blocks which make up each independent frame. The signal produced is dependent on the equipment used to master the disc. Signals range from composite and split, to YUV and RGB. Depending upon which format is used, this can result in far higher fidelity, particularly at strong color borders or regions of high detail (especially if there is moderate movement in the picture) and low-contrast details like skin tones, where comb filters almost inevitably smudge some detail.", "title": "LaserDisc" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The crew had originally intended to shoot in the mountains of Bulgaria, but after the country had endured one of its largest blizzards, they opted to return to South Africa. Filming took place in the Cape Town area which is where Tremors 5 was filmed. The opening scene was filmed in the desert made to look like snow with filters and video processing techniques. The nice weather was explained by climate change causing unusual warmth in the area. Having worked on the previous film series, the crew used CGI for many of the Graboid scenes.", "title": "Tremors: A Cold Day in Hell" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "DirectVobSub (formerly known as VSFilter) is a software add-on for Microsoft Windows (a DirectShow filter) that is able to read external subtitle files and superimposes them on a playing video file.", "title": "DirectVobSub" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some copyright owners voluntarily reduce the scope of what is considered infringement by employing relatively permissive, \"open\" licensing strategies: rather than privately negotiating license terms with individual users who must first seek out the copyright owner and ask for permission, the copyright owner publishes and distributes the work with a prepared license that anyone can use, as long as they adhere to certain conditions. This has the effect of reducing infringement – and the burden on courts – by simply permitting certain types of uses under terms that the copyright owner considers reasonable. Examples include free software licenses, like the GNU General Public License (GPL), and the Creative Commons licenses, which are predominantly applied to visual and literary works.", "title": "Copyright infringement" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Strategic Command WWII Pacific Theater is a grand strategy computer game developed by Canadian studio Fury Software, and published by Battlefront.com in 2008. The third game in the \"Strategic Command\" series, \"Pacific Theater\" is a turn-based strategy set in World War II, focusing – for the first time in the series – on Asia and the titular Pacific Theater. The player controls all of either Axis or Allied states.", "title": "Strategic Command WWII Pacific Theater" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1959 International Cross Country Championships was held in Lisbon, Portugal, at the National Stadium on March 21, 1959. Morocco entered a team for the first time after gaining independence. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "title": "1959 International Cross Country Championships" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 6, 1957, Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "title": "Decolonisation of Africa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Damage to a German steel facility occurred during a DST transition in 1993, when a computer timing system linked to a radio time synchronization signal allowed molten steel to cool for one hour less than the required duration, resulting in spattering of molten steel when it was poured. Medical devices may generate adverse events that could harm patients, without being obvious to clinicians responsible for care. These problems are compounded when the DST rules themselves change; software developers must test and perhaps modify many programs, and users must install updates and restart applications. Consumers must update devices such as programmable thermostats with the correct DST rules, or manually adjust the devices' clocks. A common strategy to resolve these problems in computer systems is to express time using the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) rather than the local time zone. For example, Unix-based computer systems use the UTC-based Unix time internally.", "title": "Daylight saving time" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A lead programmer is a software engineer in charge of one or more software projects. Alternative titles include development lead, technical lead, lead software engineer, software design engineer lead (SDE lead), software development manager, software manager, or lead application developer. When primarily contributing in a high - level enterprise software design role, the title software architect (or similar) is often used.", "title": "Lead programmer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was \"the most effective strategic weapon\", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, \"We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe\". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his \"empire\" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire.", "title": "The Blitz" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shepherd Neame is an English independent brewery founded in 1698 in Faversham, Kent, and family-owned since 1864. The brewery produces a range of cask ales and filtered beers. Production is around 210,000 brewers' barrels a year. It owns 328 pubs and hotels, predominantly in Kent, London and South East England. The company exports to more than 35 countries including India, Sweden, Italy, Brazil and Canada.", "title": "Shepherd Neame Brewery" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sutan Sjahrir (5 March 1909 – 9 April 1966) was an avant garde and idealistic Indonesian intellectual, as well as revolutionary independence leader. He became the first prime minister of Indonesia in 1945, after a career as a key Indonesian nationalist organizer in the 1930s and 1940s. From there, Sutan worked hard as Prime Minister to ensure Indonesia was living up to its name. He was a pure idealist and a genius intellectual who despite his political interest, put his country first before his own needs. Unlike some of his colleagues, he did not support the Japanese and worked to gain independence for Indonesia.", "title": "Sutan Sjahrir" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Independence Day, also referred to as the Fourth of July or July Fourth, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as a new nation, the United States of America, and were no longer part of the British Empire. The Congress actually voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2.", "title": "Independence Day (United States)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Governments are also getting online. Some countries, such as those of Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Myanmar, the People's Republic of China, and Saudi Arabia use filtering and censoring software to restrict what people in their countries can access on the Internet. In the United Kingdom, they also use software to locate and arrest various individuals they perceive as a threat. Other countries including the United States, have enacted laws making the possession or distribution of certain material such as child pornography illegal but do not use filtering software. In some countries Internet service providers have agreed to restrict access to sites listed by police.", "title": "Sociology of the Internet" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.", "title": "Decolonisation of Africa" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nerve Filter is an electronic music act from Seattle, WA (US); its sole member is Tom Shear. Nerve Filter started in 1995, and is considered a side project of Shear's Assemblage 23 although its first label appearance predated A23's.", "title": "Nerve Filter" } ]

[ { "answer": "United States", "id": 157716, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "What is one country that does not use filtering software?", "raw_question": "What is one country that does not use filtering software?", "statement": "One country that does not use filtering software is the United States." }, { "answer": "the British Empire", "id": 86336, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "where did United States gain independence from", "raw_question": "where did #1 gain independence from", "statement": "The United States gained independence from the British Empire." }, { "answer": "strangle British sea communications", "id": 32505, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "What strategy could have worked against the British Empire ?", "raw_question": "What strategy could have worked against #2 ?", "statement": "Strangle British sea communications could have worked against the British Empire." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thank God You're Here is an Australian television improvised comedy program created by Working Dog Productions, which premiered on Network Ten on 5 April 2006, and aired for the first three seasons and on Seven for the fourth season.", "title": "Thank God You're Here" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The initial 32-bit compiler was published on the Internet, and the first contributors joined the project. Later, a Linux port was created by Michael van Canneyt, five years before the Borland Kylix compiler became available.", "title": "Free Pascal" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No One Knows About Persian Cats () is a 2009 Iranian film directed by Bahman Ghobadi produced by Wild Bunch. Originally titled Kasi az Gorbehaye Irani Khabar Nadareh, in the film's native language, Persian, this film first took on the name of \"Nobody Knows About the Persian Cats\" before finally being titled \"No One Knows About Persian Cats\". The film offers perspective of Iran as it explores its underground rock scene. It won the Special Jury Prize Ex-aequo in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival.", "title": "No One Knows About Persian Cats" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nobody's Buddy is an American children's novel written by John A. Moroso and published in 1936 by Goldsmith Publishing Co. of Chicago, Illinois.", "title": "Nobody's Buddy" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``You're Gonna Ruin My Bad Reputation ''is a song written by Jeff Crossan, and recorded by American country music artist Ronnie McDowell. It was released in May 1983 as the second single from the album Personally.`` You're Gonna Ruin My Bad Reputation'' was Ronnie McDowell's second and final number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for a single week and spent twelve weeks on the country chart.", "title": "You're Gonna Ruin My Bad Reputation" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Knowing How to Know is a book by the writer Idries Shah published posthumously by Octagon Press in 1998. A paperback edition was published in 2000.", "title": "Knowing How to Know" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Brown's nearly six-year tenure attracted more controversy than Gottlieb's or even Shawn's, thanks to her high profile (Shawn, by contrast, had been an extremely shy, introverted figure) and the changes which she made to a magazine that had retained a similar look and feel for the previous half-century. She introduced color to the editorial pages (several years before \"The New York Times\") and photography, with less type on each page and a generally more modern layout. More substantively, she increased the coverage of current events and hot topics such as celebrities and business tycoons, and placed short pieces throughout \"Goings on About Town\", including a racy column about nightlife in Manhattan. A new letters-to-the-editor page and the addition of authors' bylines to their \"Talk of the Town\" pieces had the effect of making the magazine more personal. The current editor of \"The New Yorker\" is David Remnick, who succeeded Brown in July 1998.", "title": "The New Yorker" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``You Remind Me of Something ''Standard artwork (U.S. CD single pictured) Single by R. Kelly from the album R. Kelly Released October 30, 1995 (1995 - 10 - 30) Format CD single cassette single 7'' vinyl Recorded 1995 Genre R&B Length 4: 10 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Robert Kelly Producer (s) R. Kelly Barry Hankerson (exec.) R. Kelly singles chronology`` Summer Bunnies ''(1994) ``You Remind Me of Something'' (1995)`` Down Low (Nobody Has to Know) ''(1995) ``Summer Bunnies'' (1994)`` You Remind Me of Something ''(1995) ``Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)'' (1995)", "title": "You Remind Me of Something" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Facts of Life is the fifth studio album by American musician Bobby Womack. The album was released on June 8, 1973, by United Artists Records. The album raced to No. 6 on the US \"Billboard\" R&B chart. It also charted at No. 37 on the \"Billboard\" Pop chart. The album included the hit single \"Nobody Wants You When You're Down and Out\" (which charted No. 2 on the \"Billboard\" R&B Singles chart).", "title": "Facts of Life (album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lenin's Tomb: The Last Days of the Soviet Empire is a book by American author David Remnick. Often cited as an example of New Journalism, it won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 1994.", "title": "Lenin's Tomb: The Last Days of the Soviet Empire" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"No More Lies\" is the second single released from The Moody Blues 1988 album \"Sur la Mer\". As a single, it charted at #15 on the Adult Contemporary chart in 1988. Like the album's previous single, \"I Know You're Out There Somewhere,\" \"No More Lies\" was also written by Justin Hayward. A music video was also produced for \"No More Lies.\"", "title": "No More Lies (The Moody Blues song)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nobody Lives for Ever (published in American editions as \"Nobody Lives Forever\"), first published in 1986, was the fifth novel by John Gardner featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond. Carrying the Glidrose Publications copyright, it was first published in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape and in the United States by Putnam.", "title": "Nobody Lives for Ever" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fido probably began life sometime in the autumn of 1941 as an independent street dog in Luco di Mugello, a small town in the municipality of Borgo San Lorenzo, in the Tuscan Province of Florence, Italy. One night in November 1941, a brick kiln worker in Borgo San Lorenzo named Carlo Soriani, on his way home from the bus stop, found the dog lying injured in a roadside ditch. Not knowing who the dog belonged to, Soriani took him home and nursed him back to health. Soriani and his wife decided to adopt the dog, naming him Fido (``faithful '', from Latin fidus).", "title": "Fido (dog)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bruce Bonafede is an American author, award-winning playwright, and ghostwriter living in Southern California. He is the author of Nobody Knows My Name by Anonymous, a humor book published by Mill City Press in 2013. Nobody Knows My Name by Anonymous is a series of short comedy pieces that takes a humorous and satirical look at fame and the desire to be famous.", "title": "Bruce Bonafede" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": ".cd is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was created in 1997 as a replacement for the .zr (Zaire) ccTLD, which was phased out and eventually deleted in 2001.", "title": ".cd" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Directed by filmmaker Clay Walker, \"The Cole Nobody Knows\" has been featured in over 40 international film festivals and awarded the Cine Golden Eagle Award. The film received its PBS premiere on WPSU Pennsylvania in December 2009.", "title": "The Cole Nobody Knows" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog\" is an adage and meme about Internet anonymity which began as a cartoon caption written by Peter Steiner and published by \"The New Yorker\" on July 5, 1993. The cartoon features two dogs: one sitting on a chair in front of a computer, speaking the caption to a second dog sitting on the floor. As of 2013, the panel was the most reproduced cartoon from \"The New Yorker\", and Steiner had earned between $200,000 and $250,000 US from its reprinting.", "title": "On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The health benefits of dogs can result from contact with dogs in general, and not solely from having dogs as pets. For example, when in the presence of a pet dog, people show reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral, and psychological indicators of anxiety. Other health benefits are gained from exposure to immune-stimulating microorganisms, which, according to the hygiene hypothesis, can protect against allergies and autoimmune diseases. The benefits of contact with a dog also include social support, as dogs are able to not only provide companionship and social support themselves, but also to act as facilitators of social interactions between humans. One study indicated that wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with strangers when they are accompanied by a dog than when they are not. In 2015, a study found that pet owners were significantly more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood than non-pet owners.", "title": "Dog" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Asian countries such as China, Korea, and Japan, dogs are viewed as kind protectors. The role of the dog in Chinese mythology includes a position as one of the twelve animals which cyclically represent years (the zodiacal dog).", "title": "Dog" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Nobody Knows the Trubel I've Seen\" is the 19th episode of season 3 of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\" and the 62nd episode overall, which premiered on April 25, 2014, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by series creators David Greenwalt and Jim Kouf, and was directed by Norberto Barba.", "title": "Nobody Knows the Trubel I've Seen" } ]

[ { "answer": "The New Yorker", "id": 151220, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "What is the publisher of On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog?", "raw_question": "What is the publisher of On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog?", "statement": "The New Yorker is the publisher of \"On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog\"." }, { "answer": "David Remnick", "id": 121192, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Who created The New Yorker ?", "raw_question": "Who created #1 ?", "statement": "Note: The question is actually referring to a cartoon, not a publisher. The correct answer is:\n\nThe cartoon \"On the Internet: nobody knows you're a dog\" was created by Peter Steiner." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 318073, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "David Remnick >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#2 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "David Remnick is an American." } ]

[ "the US", "U.S.", "the United States", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pelham Anderson Barrows (March 13, 1861 – November 30, 1939) served as lieutenant governor for the United States state of Nebraska from 1919 to 1923 under Governor Samuel Roy McKelvie. He also served a stint as commander of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War. A native of Massachusetts, he later moved to California, where he died in 1939.", "title": "Pelham A. Barrows" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Julia\" (1863) was a sloop captured by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a tender ship in support of the Union Navy.", "title": "USS Julia (1863)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Kalmia\" (1863) was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a tugboat in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways.", "title": "USS Kalmia (1863)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Byington Mitchell (April 4, 1823January 26, 1882) was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and the Governor of the New Mexico Territory from 1866 to 1869.", "title": "Robert Byington Mitchell" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Great Western\" (1857) was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as an ammunition ship in support of the Union Navy.", "title": "USS Great Western (1857)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Stonewall\" (1863) was a small 30-ton blockade-running schooner captured by the Union Navy during the Union blockade of the American Civil War.", "title": "USS Stonewall (1863)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Swift\" (1864) was a small 12-ton schooner captured by the Union Navy during the Union blockade of the American Civil War.", "title": "USS Swift (1864)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wager Swayne (November 10, 1834December 18, 1902) was a Union Army colonel during the American Civil War who eventually was appointed as the last major general of volunteers of the Union Army. Swayne received America's highest military decoration the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Second Battle of Corinth. He also was effectively the military governor of Alabama from March 2, 1867 to July 14, 1868 after the passage of the first Reconstruction Act by the U.S. Congress until Alabama was readmitted to the Union. Robert M. Patton remained the nominal governor during this period but as the local army commander, Swayne controlled the State government.", "title": "Wager Swayne" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is an expression of allegiance to the Flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. It was originally composed by Captain George Thatcher Balch, a Union Army Officer during the Civil War and later a teacher of patriotism in New York City schools. The form of the pledge used today was largely devised by Francis Bellamy in 1892, and formally adopted by Congress as the pledge in 1942. The official name of The Pledge of Allegiance was adopted in 1945. The most recent alteration of its wording came on Flag Day in 1954, when the words ``under God ''were added.", "title": "Pledge of Allegiance" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roswell Farnham (July 23, 1827January 5, 1903) was an American politician of the Republican Party, an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, a lawyer, and the 38th Governor of Vermont.", "title": "Roswell Farnham" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Shambaugh (August 25, 1839 – October 13, 1913) was born in Prussia and was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War who received America's highest military decoration the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of Charles City Crossroads.", "title": "Charles Shambaugh" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the American Civil War, Jacksonville was a key supply point for hogs and cattle being shipped from Florida to aid the Confederate cause. The city was blockaded by Union forces, who gained control of the nearby Fort Clinch. Though no battles were fought in Jacksonville proper, the city changed hands several times between Union and Confederate forces. The Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862 just outside Jacksonville proper resulted in the first Confederate victory in Florida. In February 1864 Union forces left Jacksonville and confronted a Confederate Army at the Battle of Olustee resulting in a Confederate victory. Union forces then retreated to Jacksonville and held the city for the remainder of the war. In March 1864 a Confederate cavalry confronted a Union expedition resulting in the Battle of Cedar Creek. Warfare and the long occupation left the city disrupted after the war.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. A prolific writer, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and postbellum periods. As a leader of the \"New South\", Vance favored the rapid modernization of the southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North.", "title": "Zebulon Baird Vance" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry Morris Naglee (January 15, 1815 – March 5, 1886) was a civil engineer, banker, vintner, and a Union General in the American Civil War.", "title": "Henry Morris Naglee" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Susan Ann Howard\" (1863) was a schooner requisitioned from the prize court by the Union Navy during the Union blockade of the American Civil War.", "title": "USS Susan Ann Howard (1863)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edwin Stanton McCook (March 26, 1837 – September 11, 1873) was an American soldier and politician. A Union Army officer during the American Civil War and a postbellum politician in the Dakota Territory, he was assassinated in office while serving as acting governor on September 11, 1873.", "title": "Edwin Stanton McCook" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "State of North Carolina Flag Seal Nickname (s): Old North State; Tar Heel State Motto (s): Esse quam videri: ``To be, rather than to seem ''(official); First in Flight: First in Freedom Official language English Spoken languages As of 2000 English 90.70% Spanish 6.18% Demonym North Carolinian (official); Tar Heel (colloquial) Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro Charlotte metro area Area Ranked 28th Total 53,819 sq mi (139,390 km) Width 170 miles (261 km) Length 560 miles (901 km)% water 9.5 Latitude 33 ° 50 ′ N to 36 ° 35 ′ N Longitude 75 ° 28 ′ W to 84 ° 19 ′ W Population Ranked 9th Total 10,146,788 (2016 est.) Density 208.7 / sq mi (80.6 / km) Ranked 15th Median household income $50,797 (38th) Elevation Highest point Mount Mitchell 6,684 ft (2037 m) Mean 700 ft (210 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean sea level Before statehood Province of North Carolina Admission to Union November 21, 1789 (12th) Governor Roy Cooper (D) Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest (R) Legislature General Assembly Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Richard Burr (R) Thom Tillis (R) U.S. House delegation 10 Republicans 3 Democrats (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC - 5 / - 4 ISO 3166 US - NC Abbreviations NC, N.C. Website www.nc.gov", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate cavalry retreated west, the Union soldiers followed, leading to the nearby Battle of Morrisville. The city was spared significant destruction during the War, but due to the economic problems of the post-war period and Reconstruction, with a state economy based on agriculture, it grew little over the next several decades.", "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William D. Wood (December 14, 1822 – February 2, 1867) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He began the war serving as aide-de-camp to Hamilton Gamble, governor of Missouri, in the Missouri militia. On December 14, 1863, Wood was appointed colonel of the 11th Missouri Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. He resigned his commission in the volunteers on April 8, 1865.", "title": "William D. Wood" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beriah Magoffin (April 18, 1815 – February 28, 1885) was the 21st Governor of Kentucky, serving during the early part of the Civil War. Personally, Magoffin adhered to a states' rights position, including the right of a state to secede from the Union, and he sympathized with the Confederate cause. Nevertheless, when the Kentucky General Assembly adopted a position of neutrality in the war, Magoffin ardently held to it, refusing calls for aid from both the Union and Confederate governments.", "title": "Beriah Magoffin" } ]

[ { "answer": "Zebulon Baird Vance", "id": 22527, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Who was the governor during the Civil War?", "raw_question": "Who was the governor during the Civil War?", "statement": "Zebulon Baird Vance was the governor during the Civil War." }, { "answer": "North Carolina", "id": 146265, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "In what city did Zebulon Baird Vance die?", "raw_question": "In what city did #1 die?", "statement": "Zebulon Baird Vance died in North Carolina." }, { "answer": "November 21, 1789", "id": 68437, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "when was North Carolina added to the union", "raw_question": "when was #2 added to the union", "statement": "North Carolina was added to the union on November 21, 1789." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dance is the fifth studio album by American country rock band Pure Prairie League, released by RCA Records in 1976.", "title": "Dance (Pure Prairie League album)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.", "title": "Bach to the Blues" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Voice That Is! is an album by American jazz vocalist Johnny Hartman featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "The Voice That Is!" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "African Venus is an album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman featuring performances recorded in 1992 and released on the Evidence label.", "title": "African Venus" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Music of the Sun is the debut studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on August 30, 2005 in the United States through Def Jam Recordings. Prior to signing with Def Jam, Rihanna was discovered by record producer Evan Rogers in Barbados, who helped Rihanna record demo tapes to send out to several record labels. Jay-Z, the former chief executive officer (CEO) and president of Def Jam, was given Rihanna's demo by Jay Brown, his A&R at Def Jam, and invited her to audition for the label after hearing what turned out to be her first single, \"Pon de Replay\". She auditioned for Jay-Z and L.A. Reid, the former CEO and president of record label group The Island Def Jam Music Group, and was signed on the spot to prevent her from signing with another record label.", "title": "Music of the Sun" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benson & Farrell is the fourteenth album by American guitarist George Benson and jazz saxophonist and flutist Joe Farrell featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the CTI label.", "title": "Benson & Farrell" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rufus Amis (February 13, 1912 – January 12, 2007) was an American entrepreneur who served as co-founder and CEO of Aero Design and Engineering Company. The company built one of the first twin engine planes for private use in the USA, the Aero Commander. An Aero Commander later became distinguished as the smallest plane ever designated Air Force One when President Dwight Eisenhower began using one in 1956. Rufus Amis was also a co-founder and later President of Missouri Valley Machinery Company, a dealer of Caterpillar Equipment and was instrumental in the development of Bellevue College in Nebraska.", "title": "Rufus Travis Amis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Really Big! is the second album by saxophonist Jimmy Heath featuring big band performances recorded in 1960 and originally released on the Riverside label.", "title": "Really Big!" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Peace Otodoke!!\" is the tenth single released by Japanese singer Ami Suzuki under label Avex Trax. It was released on 7 March 2007.", "title": "Peace Otodoke!!" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Green Linnet Records was an American independent record label that specialized in Celtic music. Founded by Lisa Null and Patrick Sky as Innisfree Records in 1973, the label was initially based in Null's house in New Canaan, Connecticut. In 1975, the label became Innisfree/Green Linnet and Wendy Newton joined Null and Sky as operating officer. In 1976, Newton took over control of the now Green Linnet label and moved it to Danbury, Connecticut in 1985. Newton became sole owner in 1978. Newton's love of Irish music had been sparked during a visit to Ireland where she heard traditional music for the first time in a small pub in County Clare.", "title": "Green Linnet Records" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matador is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the United Artists label.", "title": "Matador (Kenny Dorham album)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Amie\" is a song recorded by the American soft rock group Pure Prairie League. It was released in 1973 as their debut single, but did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100 until 1975.", "title": "Amie (song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antoine Marchand is a record label established in 2003 by the Dutch early music performer Ton Koopman. Antoine Marchand is the French translation of Ton Koopman. The label is distributed by Dutch Jazz and classics distributor Challenge.", "title": "Antoine Marchand" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Groovin' High is an album by American jazz saxophonist Booker Ervin featuring performances recorded in 1963 and 1964 for the Prestige label.", "title": "Groovin' High (Booker Ervin album)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the former RCA/Jive Label Group moved to Epic. Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit. The RCA Music Group closed down Arista, J Records and Jive Records in October 2011, with the artists from those labels being moved to RCA Records.", "title": "Sony Music" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Straight No Filter is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley, recorded mostly in 1963 but not released on the Blue Note label until 1985. The albums compiles performances recorded at four different sessions from 1963 to 1966.", "title": "Straight No Filter" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Opening is a live album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring a performance recorded in Paris in 1970 and released on the French Futura label.", "title": "The Opening (album)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carryin' On is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album marked Green's return to the Blue Note label and embracing a jazz-funk style that he would play for the rest of his life.", "title": "Carryin' On" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jamal Plays Jamal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released on the 20th Century label.", "title": "Jamal Plays Jamal" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Work Time is an album by jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins, recorded for the Prestige label, featuring performances by Rollins with Ray Bryant, George Morrow, and Max Roach.", "title": "Work Time" } ]

[ { "answer": "Pure Prairie League", "id": 852716, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Amie >> performer", "raw_question": "Amie >> performer", "statement": "Pure Prairie League is the performer of Amie." }, { "answer": "RCA Records", "id": 229859, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Pure Prairie League >> record label", "raw_question": "#1 >> record label", "statement": "Amie's performer, Pure Prairie League, belongs to RCA Records." }, { "answer": "Peter Edge", "id": 5303, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Who became the CEO of RCA Records ?", "raw_question": "Who became the CEO of #2 ?", "statement": "Peter Edge became the CEO of RCA Records." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Emil Fein (born 16 January 1842 in Ludwigsburg; died 6 October 1898 in Stuttgart) was a German inventor. He invented the worldwide first portable electric drill.", "title": "Wilhelm Emil Fein" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country. It is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment by a notion of direct control.", "title": "Foreign direct investment" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mesrob Mutafyan born Minas Mutafian graduated from the American High School in Kornwestheim near Stuttgart, Germany. From 1974 to 1979, he studied philosophy and sociology in Memphis, Tennessee, United States.", "title": "Mesrob II Mutafyan of Constantinople" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Employer Identification Number (EIN), also known as the Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) or the Federal Tax Identification Number, is a unique nine - digit number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to business entities operating in the United States for the purposes of identification. When the number is used for identification rather than employment tax reporting, it is usually referred to as a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN), and when used for the purposes of reporting employment taxes, it is usually referred to as an EIN. These numbers are used for tax administration and must be not used for any other purpose. For example, the EIN should not be used in tax lien auction or sales, lotteries, etc.", "title": "Employer Identification Number" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) is an Australian external territory comprising a volcanic group of barren Antarctic islands, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica. The group's overall size is in area and it has of coastline. Discovered in the mid-19th century, the islands have been an Australian territory since 1947 and contain the country's two only active volcanoes. The summit of one, Mawson Peak, is higher than any mountain on the Australian mainland. The islands lie on the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean.", "title": "Heard Island and McDonald Islands" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Conspiracy in Genoa (German: Die Verschwörung zu Genua) is a 1921 German silent historical drama film directed by Paul Leni and starring Wilhelm Diegelmann, Maria Fein and Fritz Kortner. It is an adaptation of the 1783 play \"Fiesco\" by Friedrich Schiller.", "title": "The Conspiracy in Genoa" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emil Taubert (23 January 1844 in Berlin – 10 April 1895 in Berlin) was a German philologist, writer and librettist. He was the son of composer Wilhelm Taubert and studied philology and philosophy at the Friedrich-Wilhelms University in his hometown. After completing his studies he got a job as a teacher at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Berlin.", "title": "Emil Taubert" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Galicia is further divided into 53 comarcas, 315 municipalities (93 in A Coruña, 67 in Lugo, 92 in Ourense, 62 in Pontevedra) and 3,778 parishes. Municipalities are divided into parishes, which may be further divided into aldeas (\"hamlets\") or lugares (\"places\"). This traditional breakdown into such small areas is unusual when compared to the rest of Spain. Roughly half of the named population entities of Spain are in Galicia, which occupies only 5.8 percent of the country's area. It is estimated that Galicia has over a million named places, over 40,000 of them being communities.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements.", "title": "International Who's Who in Music" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lothar Forcart, full name Lothar Hendrich Emil Wilhelm Forcart-Müller, abbreviated as Lothar H. E. W. Forcart, (1902-1990) was a zoologist, malacologist, and herpetologist from Switzerland.", "title": "Lothar Forcart" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Open Packaging Conventions (OPC) is a container-file technology initially created by Microsoft to store a combination of XML and non-XML files that together form a single entity such as an Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS) document. OPC-based file formats combine the advantages of leaving the independent file entities embedded in the document intact and resulting in much smaller files compared to normal use of XML.", "title": "Open Packaging Conventions" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kornwestheim station is located in the Ludwigsburg district of Kornwestheim in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Franconia Railway () and is a station on the network of the Stuttgart S-Bahn. It is near the junction of the Untertürkheim–Kornwestheim line (\"Schusterbahn\") freight bypass. Kornwestheim passenger station was the site of a Deutsche Bahn car train loading facility until December 2007.", "title": "Kornwestheim station" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ludwigsburg", "id": 378466, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Wilhelm Emil Fein >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Wilhelm Emil Fein >> place of birth", "statement": "Wilhelm Emil Fein was born in Ludwigsburg." }, { "answer": "Kornwestheim", "id": 226789, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Ludwigsburg >> contains administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Ludwigsburg contains the administrative territorial entity of Kornwestheim." }, { "answer": "Germany", "id": 844905, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Kornwestheim >> country", "raw_question": "#2 >> country", "statement": "Kornwestheim is in Germany." } ]

[ "de", "GER" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Velvet Revolution in late-1989, Czechoslovakia adopted the official name Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (, ; ČSFR) during the period from 23 April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This period is also referred to as the Fifth Czechoslovak Republic.", "title": "Czech and Slovak Federative Republic" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Old Flames Have New Names\" is a song written by Bobby Braddock and Rafe VanHoy, and recorded by American country music singer Mark Chesnutt. It was released in February 1992 and is one of his most well known songs. It was the leading single from Chesnutt's second album \"Longnecks & Short Stories\".", "title": "Old Flames Have New Names" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Disagreements within the church over the years led to other splits; sometimes the reasons were theological, sometimes practical, sometimes geographical. For instance, near the beginning of the 20th century, some members in the Amish church wanted to begin having Sunday Schools and participate in progressive Protestant - style para-church evangelism. Unable to persuade the rest of the Amish, they separated and formed a number of separate groups including the Conservative Mennonite Conference. Mennonites in Canada and other countries typically have independent denominations because of the practical considerations of distance and, in some cases, language. Many times these divisions took place along family lines, with each extended family supporting their own branch.", "title": "Mennonites" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. The official name of the standard is \"Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes\". It defines three sets of country codes:", "title": "ISO 3166-1" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aerosmith World Tour 2007 (or The Tour Heard 'Round the World) was a concert tour by American hard rock band Aerosmith that saw the band performing outside North America or Japan for the first time in about eight years (since the Nine Lives Tour), and in some countries, the first time in 14 years (since the Get a Grip Tour). As part of the tour, the band also visited some countries for the first time ever, including India, the United Arab Emirates, Latvia, and Estonia.", "title": "Aerosmith World Tour 2007" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations of the term may include some or all of these regions.", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was \"neutral on his side\", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant \"not taking sides\".", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'an. Although, especially since the 1960s, the Darijas are occupying an increasing use and influence in the cultural life of these countries. Examples of cultural elements where Darijas' use became dominant include: theatre, film, music, television, advertisement, social media, folk-tale books and companies' names.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia. In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, Galiza became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, Galicia, which coincides with the Castilian Spanish name. The historical denomination Galiza became popular again during the end of the 19th and the first three-quarters of the 20th century, being still used with some frequency today, although not by the Xunta de Galicia, the local devolved government. The Royal Galician Academy, the institution responsible for regulating the Galician language, whilst recognizing it as a legitimate current denomination, has stated that the only official name of the country is Galicia.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Charles River Valley Boys were an American bluegrass group who toured and recorded in the 1960s and were best known for their 1966 album, \"Beatle Country\", presenting bluegrass versions of songs by The Beatles.", "title": "Charles River Valley Boys" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, Iran. As the New York Times explained at the time, \"At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia as the official name of the country.\" Opposition to the name change led to the reversal of the decision, and Professor Ehsan Yarshater, editor of Encyclopædia Iranica, propagated a move to use Persia and Iran interchangeably. Today, both Persia and Iran are used in cultural contexts; although, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ardbraccan House (known sometimes historically as Ardbraccan Palace) is a large Palladian country house in County Meath, Ireland. The historic house served from the 1770s to 1885 as the residence of the Church of Ireland Lord Bishop of Meath.", "title": "Ardbraccan House" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zaire (/ zɑːˈɪər /), officially the Republic of Zaire (French: République du Zaïre; French pronunciation: ​ (za. iʁ)), was the name for the Democratic Republic of the Congo that existed between 1971 and 1997 in Central Africa. The country was a one - party totalitarian dictatorship, run by Mobutu Sese Seko and his ruling Popular Movement of the Revolution party. Zaire was established following Mobutu's seizure of power in a military coup in 1965, following five years of political upheaval following independence known as the Congo Crisis. Zaire had a strongly centralist constitution and foreign assets were nationalised. The period is sometimes referred to as the Second Congolese Republic.", "title": "Zaire" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "These are the results for the 32nd edition of the Ronde van Nederland cycling race, which was held from August 17 to August 22, 1992. The race started in Zoetermeer (Zuid-Holland) and finished in Gulpen (Limburg).", "title": "1992 Ronde van Nederland" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paraguay (; ; , ), officially the Republic of Paraguay (; ), is a country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Although it is one of only two landlocked countries in South America (the other is Bolivia), the country has coasts, beaches and ports on the Paraguay and Paraná rivers that give exit to the Atlantic Ocean through the . Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as \"Corazón de Sudamérica\" (\"Heart of South America\").", "title": "Paraguay" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The EEC was also known as the Common Market in the English - speaking countries and sometimes referred to as the European Community even before it was officially renamed as such in 1993.", "title": "European Economic Community" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Boesingheliede () is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Haarlemmermeer, and lies about 12 km west of Amsterdam.", "title": "Boesingheliede" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Holland North and South Holland (in orange) shown together within the Netherlands Country Netherlands Largest settlements List (show) Amsterdam Rotterdam The Hague Haarlem Zoetermeer Dordrecht Leiden Area Total 5,488 km (2,119 sq mi) Population (January 2017) Total 6,466,735 Density 1,200 / km (3,100 / sq mi) Demonym (s) Hollander Time zone CET (UTC + 1) Summer (DST) CEST (UTC + 2)", "title": "Holland" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. Although the Greeks call the country Hellas or Ellada (Greek: Ἑλλάς or Ελλάδα) and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, in English it is referred to as Greece, which comes from the Latin term Graecia as used by the Romans, which literally means 'the land of the Greeks', and derives from the Greek name Γραικός. However, the name Hellas is sometimes used in English as well.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Everybody Knows\" is a song recorded by Canadian country music group Prairie Oyster. It was released in 1992 as the fourth single from their third studio album, \"Everybody Knows\". It peaked at number 8 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in October 1992.", "title": "Everybody Knows (Prairie Oyster song)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Holland", "id": 821692, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Boesingheliede >> country", "raw_question": "Boesingheliede >> country", "statement": "Boesingheliede is a country in Holland." }, { "answer": "Netherlands", "id": 74047, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "what is the official name of the country sometimes known as Holland", "raw_question": "what is the official name of the country sometimes known as #1", "statement": "The official name of the country sometimes known as Holland is the Netherlands." }, { "answer": "Ronde van Nederland", "id": 268755, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "1992 Tour of the Netherlands >> instance of", "raw_question": "1992 Tour of the #2 >> instance of", "statement": "The 1992 Tour of the Netherlands, also known as the Ronde van Nederland, is an instance of a Grand Tour." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gudgenby River, a perennial river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "title": "Gudgenby River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Touchstone Semiconductor was founded in 2010 by a group of semiconductor industry experts from Maxim Integrated Products, Linear Technology and Analog Devices. The company received $12M funding in Series A funding from Opus Capital and Khosla Ventures, the headquarters were located in Milpitas, California.", "title": "Touchstone Semiconductor" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mansehra (Rural) is a Union Council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district and to the southeast of the district capital, Mansehra.", "title": "Mansehra (Rural)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "title": "Dunbar Hospital" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hiranpur is a community development block that forms an administrative division of Pakur district, Jharkhand state, India. It is located 19 km from Pakur, the district headquarters.", "title": "Hiranpur block" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Kingston Powerhouse" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He was the anchor of Sinclair Broadcast Group's News Central broadcast which originated from Sinclair's suburban Baltimore (Hunt Valley) headquarters. There he co-anchored many news broadcasts on Sinclair stations throughout the United States. He was formerly anchor at WTTG, where he worked from 1983 to 2001.Before that he was briefly the anchor at WTLV-TV, in Jacksonville, Florida.", "title": "Morris Jones (television journalist)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kunda Kalan a village situated in the Gangoh Mandal of Saharanpur District in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 12.64 kilometres from the mandal headquarters at Gangoh and is 488 kilometres from the state capital in Lucknow.", "title": "Kunda Kalan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Majura Training Area (MTA) is a facility belonging to the Australian Department of Defence located to the east of Mount Majura in the Majura district in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The MTA is used primarily by the Australian Army for the conduct of field exercises and weapon qualification shoots. The MTA is located near to the Royal Military College, Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy and is frequently used by these training establishments. Accommodation and support on the range is through 'Camp Blake', which consists of headquarters buildings, Q-Store, Mess, Staff accommodation and amenities and trainee accommodation and amenities.", "title": "Majura Training Area" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.", "title": "Port Blair" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mian Haji Sahib is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 22' 50N 73° 20' 40E with an altitude of 479 metres (1574 feet).", "title": "Mian Haji Sahib" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most-viewed network in France, TF1, is in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt; France 2, France 3, Canal+, France 5, M6 (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Arte, D8, W9, NT1, NRJ 12, La Chaîne parlementaire, France 4, BFM TV, and Gulli are other stations located in and around the capital. Radio France, France's public radio broadcaster, and its various channels, is headquartered in Paris' 16th arrondissement. Radio France Internationale, another public broadcaster is also based in the city. Paris also holds the headquarters of the La Poste, France's national postal carrier.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bann Na Mohra is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 27' 50N 73° 22' 10E with an altitude of 562 metres (1847 feet).", "title": "Bann Na Mohra" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ngopa is a town in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Ngopa R.D. Block, and it serves as headquarters for that block. It is also an important administrative centre containing important government offices. Ngopa is from the district's main city, Champhai, and from the state's capital city, Aizawl.", "title": "Ngopa" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located adjacent to the Canberra CBD.", "title": "Braddon, Australian Capital Territory" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Love Around\" was filmed entirely on location in Taiwan. Asia FM 92.7, the radio station depicted in the drama is an actual free to air radio station in Taiwan with its headquarters and broadcasting station in Taoyuan City, Taoyuan County. The building and set used in the drama to depict the radio station is actually an office building located at 257 Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City, which is only a few blocks from Sanlih's broadcasting headquarters in the Neihu District of Taipei. The resort that Zhou Zhen owns is the former \"Leo Ocean Resort\" now called \"EHR Hotels & Resorts Yilan\", located in Yilan County. The homes of both main lead characters are located in the newly developed area of Danshui District New Taipei City.", "title": "Love Around" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hunt Valley is an unincorporated community in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. Its traditional name was based on being just east of Maryland's traditional Horse Country (like the Kentucky Blue Grass region), and the site of the venerable Maryland Hunt Cup championship of steeplechase horse racing and jumping established 1894. It lies just north of the city of Baltimore, along the York Road (former old historic Baltimore-York Turnpike) which is now Maryland Route 45 off Interstate 83. The Loch Raven Reservoir nearby is an important drinking water resource and with its surrounding forested watershed is one of three reservoirs (Loch Raven, Prettyboy and Liberty) established for the City of Baltimore and its surrounding metropolitan areas in Baltimore County since the 1880s and expanded in the 1910s. Located at a latitude of 39.5° North and longitude 76.7° West.", "title": "Hunt Valley, Maryland" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Baltimore County Sheriff's Office (BCoSO) is the enforcement arm of the Baltimore County, Maryland court and is headquartered in the Baltimore County Courthouse, in the County Seat of Towson, Maryland. The Baltimore County Sheriff's Office is one of the oldest sheriff's offices in existence in the State of Maryland, dating back to 1659, the traditional year of the County's \"erection\" (founding).", "title": "Baltimore County Sheriff's Office (Maryland)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "title": "Kiri Territory" } ]

[ { "answer": "Hunt Valley", "id": 797401, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Sinclair Broadcast Group >> headquarters location", "raw_question": "Sinclair Broadcast Group >> headquarters location", "statement": "The headquarters of Sinclair Broadcast Group is located in Hunt Valley." }, { "answer": "Baltimore County", "id": 479775, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Hunt Valley >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Hunt Valley is located in Baltimore County." }, { "answer": "Towson", "id": 779156, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Baltimore County >> capital", "raw_question": "#2 >> capital", "statement": "Towson is the capital of Baltimore County." } ]

[ "Towson, Maryland" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community, by which they required a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route. In response Indian officials said India was a democracy, and \"a wholesale ban on protests was out of the question\". Contradicting some other reports, Indian officials also refused permission to the \"Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit\". The combined effect is a \"rapid deterioration\" of relations between India and China. Meanwhile, the Tibetan government in exile, which is based in India, has stated that it did not support the disruption of the Olympic torch relay.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Great Britain: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city. The 48 km (30 mi) leg took a total of seven and a half hours to complete, and attracted protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters, prompting changes to the planned route and an unscheduled move onto a bus, which was then briefly halted by protestors. Home Secretary Jacqui Smith has officially complained to Beijing Organising Committee about the conduct of the tracksuit-clad Chinese security guards. The Chinese officials, seen manhandling protesters, were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe, chairman of the London Olympic Committee as \"thugs\". A Metropolitan police briefing paper revealed that security for the torch relay cost £750,000 and the participation of the Chinese security team had been agreed in advance, despite the Mayor stating, \"We did not know beforehand these thugs were from the security services. Had I known so, we would have said no.\"", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing \"personal reasons\", or, in Bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to \"stand by the people of Tibet and their struggle\" and protest against the PRC \"crackdown\" in Tibet. Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet. Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the \"Olympic Games do not belong to China\" and confirms taking part in the torch relay \"with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations\". Rahul Gandhi, son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.", "title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Goldfinger is the seventh novel in Ian Fleming's James Bond series, first published in the UK by Jonathan Cape on 23 March 1959. \"Goldfinger\" originally bore the title \"The Richest Man in the World\" and was written in January and February 1958. The story centres on the investigation by MI6 operative James Bond into the gold smuggling activities of Auric Goldfinger, who is also suspected by MI6 of being connected to SMERSH, the Soviet counter-intelligence organisation. As well as establishing the background to the smuggling operation, Bond uncovers a much larger plot, with Goldfinger planning to steal the gold reserves of the United States from Fort Knox.", "title": "Goldfinger (novel)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prompted by the chaotic torch relays in Western Europe and North America, the president of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge described the situation as a \"crisis\" for the organization and stated that any athletes displaying Tibetan flags at Olympic venues could be expelled from the games. though he stopped short of cancelling the relay altogether despite calls to do so by some IOC members. The outcome of the relay influenced the IOC's decision to scrap global relays in future editions of the games.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tanzania: Dar es Salaam was the torch's only stop in Africa, on April 13. The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese aid in 2005. The torch was lit by Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein. About a thousand people followed the relay, waving the Olympic flag. The only noted instance of protest was Nobel Peace Prize laureate Wangari Maathai's withdrawal from the list of torchbearers, in protest against human rights abuses in Tibet.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a \"great nuisance\" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the potential disruptions and confusion surrounding it.　A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said \"They are doing something foolish\", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was \"Such violent protests were not easy to accept\". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge,", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to \"security worries\", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium, and were dispersed by the police. The event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium. The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy. Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium. Protests took place outside the stadium.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of \"Friends of Falun Gong\", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto's wife and Ambassador Mark Palmer of NED. A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay through Buenos Aires, pulling out in an attempt to avoid the Olympic controversy. Trying to avoid the scenes that marred the relay in the UK, France and the US, the city government designed a complex security operative to protect the torch relay, involving 1200 police officers and 3000 other people, including public employees and volunteers. Overall, the protests were peaceful in nature, although there were a few incidents such as the throwing of several water balloons in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame, and minor scuffles between Olympic protesters and supporters from Chinese immigrant communities.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet. Several hundred protesters were present, along with Olympic supporters. Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand. A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a \"small demonstration\" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters. Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay, to protest against China's actions in Tibet. In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sanrat represented Thailand at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She competed at the 4x100 metres relay together with Orranut Klomdee, Jutamass Thavoncharoen and Sangwan Jaksunin. In their first round heat they placed fifth in a time of 44.38 seconds was the eleventh time overall out of sixteen participating nations. With this result they failed to qualify for the final.", "title": "Nongnuch Sanrat" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coco-Viloin represented France at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He competed at the 4x100 metres relay together with Martial Mbandjock, Manuel Reynaert and Yannick Lesourd. In their qualification heat they placed sixth in a time of 39.53 seconds and they were eliminated.", "title": "Samuel Coco-Viloin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ian Lancaster Fleming was born on 28 May 1908, at 27 Green Street in the wealthy London district of Mayfair. His mother was Evelyn (\"\" Rose), and his father was Valentine Fleming, the Member of Parliament for Henley from 1910 to 1917. As an infant he briefly lived, with his family, at Braziers Park in Oxfordshire. Fleming was a grandson of the Scottish financier Robert Fleming, who founded the Scottish American Investment Trust and the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co.", "title": "Ian Fleming" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ian Fleming", "id": 809774, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Goldfinger >> author", "raw_question": "Goldfinger >> author", "statement": "Ian Fleming is the author of Goldfinger." }, { "answer": "London", "id": 144910, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "What is the place of birth of Ian Fleming ?", "raw_question": "What is the place of birth of #1 ?", "statement": "Ian Fleming was born in London." }, { "answer": "Wembley Stadium", "id": 3684, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Where did the torch relay begin in London for the 2008 Olympics?", "raw_question": "Where did the torch relay begin in #2 for the 2008 Olympics?", "statement": "The torch relay began at Wembley Stadium in London." } ]

[ "Wembley" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Through the Missouri Compromise of 1820, Congress kept a tenuous balance of political power between North and South. In May 1854, the Kansas -- Nebraska Act, created from unorganized Indian lands and territories of Kansas and Nebraska, permitted residency by U.S. citizens, who were to determine their state's slavery status and seek admission to the Union. Immigrants supporting both sides of the question arrived in Kansas to establish residency and gain the right to vote. However, Kansas Territory officials were appointed (1854) by the pro-slavery administration of President Franklin Pierce (in office 1853 -- 1857), and thousands of non-resident pro-slavery Missourians entered Kansas with the goal of winning elections. They captured territorial elections, sometimes by fraud and intimidation. In response, Northern abolitionist elements flooded Kansas with ``free - soilers. ''Anti-slavery Kansas residents wrote the first Kansas Constitution (1855) and elected the Free State legislature in Topeka; this stood in opposition to the pro-slavery government in Lecompton. The two Territorial governments increased as well as symbolized the strife of Bleeding Kansas.", "title": "Bleeding Kansas" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alanis Morissette is a Canadian rock singer-songwriter and musician from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Morissette has released five studio albums internationally through Maverick Records: \"Jagged Little Pill\" (1995), \"Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie\" (1998), \"Under Rug Swept\" (2002), \"So-Called Chaos\" (2004), and \"Flavors of Entanglement\" (2008). \"Jagged Little Pill\", \"Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie\", and \"Under Rug Swept\" debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200, and were among the top five on the Canadian Top 50 Album Chart. After leaving Maverick, Morissette released her most recent album, \"Havoc and Bright Lights\" (2012) independently via Collective Sounds.", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Alanis Morissette" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ottawa is a city located at the confluence of the navigable Illinois River and Fox River in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. The Illinois River is a conduit for river barges and connects Lake Michigan at Chicago, to the Mississippi River, and North America's 25,000 mile river system. The population estimate was 18,562 as of 2013. It is the county seat of LaSalle County and it is part of the Ottawa-Peru, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Ottawa, Illinois" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina existed legally until it co-signed the Annex 4 of the Dayton Agreement, containing the constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 14 December 1995, but official documents reveal that the state existed until the end of 1997 when the implementation of the Dayton Agreement was finished and only then it fully came into effect. Most of this period is taken up by the Bosnian War, in which majority of population of two of three main ethnicities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats, established entities of Republika Srpska and Herzeg-Bosnia respectively, which were unlawful and secessionist in nature hence unrecognized by international community. Informally these events were considered by nationalists as evidence that republic was left to be representative primarily of its Bosniak population, formally presidency and government of the republic was still composed of Bosnian Serbs, Bosnian Croats along with Bosniaks. By the Washington Agreement of 1994, however, Bosniaks were joined by Bosnian Croats of Herzeg-Bosnia, which was abolished by this agreement, in support for the Republic by the formation of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a sub-state joint entity. In 1995, the Dayton Peace Accords joined the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the Serb entity, the Republika Srpska, from that point onward recognized formally as political sub-state entity without a right on secession, into the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "title": "Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of \"free association\" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated \"Compact Impact\" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed]", "title": "Guam" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Joining You\" is a song by Alanis Morissette on her 1998 album, \"Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie\". It was released as the second single in Europe, in two discs, on January 3, 1999.", "title": "Joining You" } ]

[ { "answer": "Alanis Morissette", "id": 593918, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Joining You >> performer", "raw_question": "Joining You >> performer", "statement": "Alanis Morissette is the performer of \"Joining You\"." }, { "answer": "Ottawa", "id": 674732, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Alanis Morissette >> residence", "raw_question": "#1 >> residence", "statement": "Alanis Morissette is from Ottawa." }, { "answer": "LaSalle County", "id": 500442, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Ottawa >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Ottawa is located in LaSalle County." } ]

[ "LaSalle County, Illinois" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "title": "Albano Carrisi" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Many Moods of Murry Wilson is the sole album release by Murry Wilson, the father of Brian, Carl and Dennis Wilson and uncle of Mike Love of The Beach Boys. The album was released on Capitol Records in 1967, the same record label that The Beach Boys were contracted to at the time.", "title": "The Many Moods of Murry Wilson" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Need You Now ''is a country pop song performed by American country music trio Lady Antebellum. The band co-wrote the song with Josh Kear, and produced it with Paul Worley. It serves as the lead - off single and title track to their second studio album, Need You Now (2010), and was first released in the US on August 11, 2009. The song also served as their debut single in the UK and Europe, where it was released April 23, 2010. It won four Grammy Awards in 2011, including for Song of the Year and Record of the Year, the first country song to win both honors since`` Not Ready to Make Nice'' by the Dixie Chicks won both in 2006, and only the second ever.", "title": "Need You Now (Lady Antebellum song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Swing Your Lady is a 1938 country musical comedy film directed by Ray Enright, starring Humphrey Bogart, and featuring Ronald Reagan.", "title": "Swing Your Lady" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oona O'Neill Chaplin, Lady Chaplin (14 May 1925 – 27 September 1991) was an actress who became a British citizen after renouncing her American citizenship. She was the daughter of playwright Eugene O'Neill and English-born writer Agnes Boulton, and the fourth and last wife of English actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin.", "title": "Oona O'Neill" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Candy Coburn is an American national performing country music artist who has shared the stage with many notable artists, including Brooks and Dunn, Kellie Pickler, Montgomery Gentry, Blake Shelton, Miranda Lambert, Gary Allan, Josh Turner, Lady Antebellum and others. Scheduled to release her third album in 2010, Candy's most notable contribution to music so far has been her song, \"Pink Warrior.\"", "title": "Candy Coburn" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Lady\" is a song written by Dennis Wilson, recorded by him with Daryl Dragon and released under the name \"Dennis Wilson & Rumbo\" in the United Kingdom on 4 December 1970, on Stateside Records. The song served as the B-side of the \"Sound of Free\" single. The single was not issued in the United States.", "title": "Lady (Dennis Wilson song)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Trondheim, Norway to a German father, Johan Daniel Berlin (1714 – 1787), who was a successful musician. At the age of seventeen, he was appointed organist at the Hospital Church; and, from 1772, he served as organist of the Church of Our Lady. He became organist of the Cathedral in 1787, a post he inherited from his father.", "title": "Johan Henrich Berlin" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.", "title": "Citizenship Clause" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As prophesied, the lady gives birth to a child, and names him ``Yonec ''. When the child is grown, the husband, the lady, and Yonec travel to an abbey, where they see a beautiful tomb. They ask the abbot about the tomb, who explains that this is the tomb of Muldumarec. At this time, Yonec's mother tells him of his true parentage, and gives him his father's sword. She collapses and dies. Yonec kills his stepfather with the sword, thus avenging his real parents. He buries his mother alongside his father, and Yonec becomes the new lord of Caerwent.", "title": "Yonec" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Provincial Lady () is a one-act play by Ivan Turgenev. Written in 1850, it was first produced in January 1851 at a benefit performance for the seminal 19th-century Russian actor Mikhail Shchepkin at the Maly Theatre in Moscow.", "title": "A Provincial Lady" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pursuant to this power, Congress in 1790 passed the first naturalization law for the United States, the Naturalization Act of 1790. The law enabled those who had resided in the country for two years and had kept their current state of residence for a year to apply for citizenship. However it restricted naturalization to ``free white persons ''of`` good moral character''.", "title": "History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Break Away\" is a song written by Brian and Murry Wilson for American rock band the Beach Boys, released as a single in 1969. Murry was credited as lyricist under the pseudonym \"Reggie Dunbar\". The single was relatively unsuccessful compared to the group's releases, and charted at No. 63 in the US \"Billboard\" 100 (top 40 in the \"Cash Box\" and \"Record World\" charts). \"Break Away\" sold better abroad, reaching No. 6 in the UK, No. 10 in Ireland, No. 17 in the Netherlands, No. 20 in New Zealand, and No. 29 in Germany.", "title": "Break Away (The Beach Boys song)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jaclyn Pangilinan (born May 29, 1986) is a Filipino-American former swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. She is a two-time Filipino record holder, a four-time Ivy League champion (2005, 2006, and 2008) in the 100 and 200 m breaststroke, and a multiple-time medalist at the Southeast Asian Games (2005 and 2007). Born to a Filipino father, and an American mother, Pangilinan holds a dual citizenship to compete collegiately and internationally in swimming.", "title": "Jaclyn Pangilinan" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Garbarek was born in Mysen, Norway, the only child of a former Polish prisoner of war, Czesław Garbarek, and a Norwegian farmer's daughter. He grew up in Oslo, stateless until the age of seven, as there was no automatic grant of citizenship in Norway at the time. When he was 21, he married Vigdis. He is the father of musician and composer Anja Garbarek.", "title": "Jan Garbarek" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Why Lady Why\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Gary Morris. It was released in November 1983 as the fourth single and title track from the album \"Why Lady Why\". The song reached #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Morris wrote the song with Eddie Setser.", "title": "Why Lady Why (Gary Morris song)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Fragson (2 July 1869 -- 31 December 1913), born Léon Philippe Pot, was a British music hall singer and comedian, born in Soho, London. Having scored a number of successful performances in England, Fragson moved to Paris, where he developed an act imitating French music hall performers. The act was popular, and allowed him to introduce his own material. He returned to London in 1905 and became a popular in pantomime. He is perhaps best known for his song ``Hello, Hello, Who's Your Lady Friend? ''which he recorded shortly before his untimely death in 1913 (he was murdered by his father).", "title": "Harry Fragson" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Relyea is a 1998 graduate of the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. He studied with his father, with renowned opera bass Jerome Hines, and with bass-baritone Edward Zambara. John Relyea has performed with major symphony companies across the country, such as the New York Philharmonic, Santa Fe Opera, Seattle Opera and the Metropolitan Opera in addition to the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra.", "title": "John Relyea" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "title": "Errol Nolan" } ]

[ { "answer": "Dennis Wilson", "id": 417686, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Lady >> performer", "raw_question": "Lady >> performer", "statement": "Carole King is the Lady performer." }, { "answer": "Murry Wilson", "id": 729377, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Dennis Wilson >> father", "raw_question": "#1 >> father", "statement": "Murry Wilson is the father of Dennis Wilson." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 238895, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Murry Wilson >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#2 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Murry Wilson is a citizen of America." } ]

[ "the US", "United States", "US", "the United States" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pike tries to get motorist Otto Meyer (Phil Silvers) to take him to Santa Rosita, but the greedy Meyer betrays him and races for the money on his own, leaving Pike stranded with only a little girl's bike from his furniture van. An enraged Pike catches up with Meyer at a gas station and assaults him as the gas station owners (Arnold Stang and Marvin Kaplan) try to stop him. Meyer escapes in his car while Pike literally destroys the gas station. He then steals the station's tow truck and takes off after Meyer. Pike meets up with Mrs. Marcus and Emmeline and picks them up. While in a town called Plaster City, Mrs. Marcus calls her devoted and powerfully built, but impulsive and dim - witted, son Sylvester (Dick Shawn), who lives on Silver Strand Beach near Santa Rosita, to get the money for them, but misunderstanding and believing his mother is in trouble, he instead races to her in his car.", "title": "It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On Genesis, Osiris encounters the planet's caretaker, the artificial intelligence 031 Exuberant Witness, who allies with them to stop Cortana. Osiris catches up to Blue Team, who reveal Cortana is planning on using the Guardians to achieve galactic peace through forcible disarmament. Master Chief, aware of the massive devastation Cortana's plan will cause, attempts to convince Cortana to stand down. She refuses and confines Blue Team in a Forerunner prison, to prevent them from interfering with her plan. Osiris manages to transfer control of Genesis back to Exuberant, who wrests the prison from Cortana as she leaves the planet via a Guardian.", "title": "Halo 5: Guardians" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The religion's failure to report abuse allegations to authorities has also been criticized. The Watch Tower Society's policy is that elders inform authorities when required by law to do so, but otherwise leave that action up to the victim and his or her family. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse found that of 1006 alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse identified by the Jehovah's Witnesses within their organization since 1950, \"not one was reported by the church to secular authorities.\" William Bowen, a former Jehovah's Witness elder who established the Silentlambs organization to assist sex abuse victims within the religion, has claimed Witness leaders discourage followers from reporting incidents of sexual misconduct to authorities, and other critics claim the organization is reluctant to alert authorities in order to protect its \"crime-free\" reputation. In court cases in the United Kingdom and the United States the Watch Tower Society has been found to have been negligent in its failure to protect children from known sex offenders within the congregation and the Society has settled other child abuse lawsuits out of court, reportedly paying as much as $780,000 to one plaintiff without admitting wrongdoing.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jehovah's Witnesses are organized hierarchically, in what the leadership calls a \"theocratic organization\", reflecting their belief that it is God's \"visible organization\" on earth. The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since early 2014 has comprised seven members,[note 1] all of whom profess to be of the \"anointed\" class with a hope of heavenly life—based in the Watch Tower Society's Brooklyn headquarters. There is no election for membership; new members are selected by the existing body. Until late 2012, the Governing Body described itself as the representative and \"spokesman\" for God's \"faithful and discreet slave class\" (approximately 10,000 self-professed \"anointed\" Jehovah's Witnesses). At the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Watch Tower Society, the \"faithful and discreet slave\" was defined as referring to the Governing Body only. The Governing Body directs several committees that are responsible for administrative functions, including publishing, assembly programs and evangelizing activities. It appoints all branch committee members and traveling overseers, after they have been recommended by local branches, with traveling overseers supervising circuits of congregations within their jurisdictions. Traveling overseers appoint local elders and ministerial servants, and while branch offices may appoint regional committees for matters such as Kingdom Hall construction or disaster relief.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are two main termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Helene Gotthold (31 December 1896 – 8 December 1944) was a Jehovah's Witness who was guillotined by Nazi Germany at Plötzensee Prison. She was charged with giving asylum to men who refused to fight for the Nazis and for holding illegal meetings for her faith.", "title": "Helene Gotthold" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other Christian denominations on the island include: Roman Catholic (since 1852), Salvation Army (since 1884), Baptist (since 1845) and, in more recent times, Seventh-day Adventist (since 1949), New Apostolic and Jehovah's Witnesses (of which one in 35 residents is a member, the highest ratio of any country). The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A central teaching of Jehovah's Witnesses is that the current world era, or \"system of things\", entered the \"last days\" in 1914 and faces imminent destruction through intervention by God and Jesus Christ, leading to deliverance for those who worship God acceptably. They consider all other present-day religions to be false, identifying them with \"Babylon the Great\", or the \"harlot\", of Revelation 17, and believe that they will soon be destroyed by the United Nations, which they believe is represented in scripture by the scarlet-colored wild beast of Revelation chapter 17. This development will mark the beginning of the \"great tribulation\". Satan will subsequently attack Jehovah's Witnesses, an action that will prompt God to begin the war of Armageddon, during which all forms of government and all people not counted as Christ's \"sheep\", or true followers, will be destroyed. After Armageddon, God will extend his heavenly kingdom to include earth, which will be transformed into a paradise similar to the Garden of Eden. After Armageddon, most of those who had died before God's intervention will gradually be resurrected during \"judgment day\" lasting for one thousand years. This judgment will be based on their actions after resurrection rather than past deeds. At the end of the thousand years, Christ will hand all authority back to God. Then a final test will take place when Satan is released to mislead perfect mankind. Those who fail will be destroyed, along with Satan and his demons. The end result will be a fully tested, glorified human race.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were \"the words of Jehovah.\" George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses are largely attributable to changed understandings of biblical chronology than to failed predictions. Chryssides further states, \"it is therefore simplistic and naïve to view the Witnesses as a group that continues to set a single end-date that fails and then devise a new one, as many counter-cultists do.\" However, sociologist Andrew Holden states that since the foundation of the movement around 140 years ago, \"Witnesses have maintained that we are living on the precipice of the end of time.\"", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are many missionary groups operating in the country, including Lutherans, Baptists, Catholics, Grace Brethren, and Jehovah's Witnesses. While these missionaries are predominantly from the United States, France, Italy, and Spain, many are also from Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other African countries. Large numbers of missionaries left the country when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces in 2002–3, but many of them have now returned to continue their work.", "title": "Central African Republic" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The medication was not readily available globally as of 2015. It was believed that pricing will be similar to bedaquiline, which for six months is approximately US$900 in low income countries, US$3,000 in middle income countries, and US$30,000 in high income countries. As of 2016 the Stop TB Partnership had an agreement to get the medication for US$1,700 per six month.", "title": "Delamanid" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock, and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance. In 1897 John Abel of Johns Hopkins University identified the active principle as epinephrine, which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt. Industrial chemist Jokichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state, and licensed the technology to Parke Davis. Parke Davis marketed epinephrine under the trade name Adrenalin. Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks, and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 (Primatene Mist). By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion.", "title": "Pharmaceutical industry" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bible reading outside of religious services, belief their prayers are answered, belief that their religion can only be interpreted one way, belief that theirs is the only one true faith leading to eternal life, opposition to abortion, and opposition to homosexuality. In the study, Jehovah's Witnesses ranked lowest in statistics for having earned a graduate degree and interest in politics.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe that God's kingdom is a literal government in heaven, ruled by Jesus Christ and 144,000 \"spirit-anointed\" Christians drawn from the earth, which they associate with Jesus' reference to a \"new covenant\". The kingdom is viewed as the means by which God will accomplish his original purpose for the earth, transforming it into a paradise without sickness or death. It is said to have been the focal point of Jesus' ministry on earth. They believe the kingdom was established in heaven in 1914, and that Jehovah's Witnesses serve as representatives of the kingdom on earth.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The site of the UN headquarters has extraterritoriality status. This affects some law enforcement where UN rules override the laws of New York City, but it does not give immunity to those who commit crimes there. In addition, the United Nations Headquarters remains under the jurisdiction and laws of the United States, although a few members of the UN staff have diplomatic immunity and so can not be prosecuted by local courts unless the diplomatic immunity is waived by the Secretary - General. In 2005, Secretary - General Kofi Annan waived the immunity of Benon Sevan, Aleksandr Yakovlev, and Vladimir Kuznetsov in relation to the Oil - for - Food Programme, and all were charged in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Benon Sevan later fled the United States to Cyprus, while Aleksandr Yakovlev and Vladimir Kuznetsov decided to stand trial.", "title": "Headquarters of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The offices of elder and ministerial servant were restored to Witness congregations in 1972, with appointments made from headquarters (and later, also by branch committees). It was announced that, starting in September 2014, appointments would be made by traveling overseers. In a major organizational overhaul in 1976, the power of the Watch Tower Society president was diminished, with authority for doctrinal and organizational decisions passed to the Governing Body. Since Knorr's death in 1977, the position of president has been occupied by Frederick Franz (1977–1992) and Milton Henschel (1992–2000), both members of the Governing Body, and since 2000 by Don A. Adams, not a member of the Governing Body. In 1995, Jehovah's Witnesses abandoned the idea that Armageddon must occur during the lives of the generation that was alive in 1914 and in 2013 changed their teaching on the \"generation\".", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reaction begins in the amygdala, which triggers a neural response in the hypothalamus. The initial reaction is followed by activation of the pituitary gland and secretion of the hormone ACTH. The adrenal gland is activated almost simultaneously, via the sympathetic nervous system, and releases the hormone epinephrine. The release of chemical messengers results in the production of the hormone cortisol, which increases blood pressure, blood sugar, and suppresses the immune system. The initial response and subsequent reactions are triggered in an effort to create a boost of energy. This boost of energy is activated by epinephrine binding to liver cells and the subsequent production of glucose. Additionally, the circulation of cortisol functions to turn fatty acids into available energy, which prepares muscles throughout the body for response. Catecholamine hormones, such as adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine), facilitate immediate physical reactions associated with a preparation for violent muscular action and:", "title": "Fight-or-flight response" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Lean wit It, Rock wit It ''Single by Dem Franchize Boyz featuring Peanut and Charlay from the album On Top of Our Game Released January 17, 2006 (2006 - 01 - 17) Recorded 2005 Genre Snap southern hip hop Length 3: 51 Label So So Def Recordings EMI America Songwriter (s) Carlos A. Valente Jamall Willingham Gerald Tiller Bernard Leverette Maurice Gleaton D'Angelo Hunt Charles Hammond Robert Hill Producer (s) Maurice`` Parlae'' Gleaton Dem Franchize Boyz singles chronology ``I Think They Like Me ''(2005)`` Lean wit It, Rock wit It'' (2006) ``Ridin 'Rims ''(2006)`` I Think They Like Me'' (Remix) (2005) ``Lean wit It, Rock wit It ''(2006)`` Ridin' Rims'' (2006)", "title": "Lean wit It, Rock wit It" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other times where national service has been compulsory. In 1933, there were approximately 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany, of whom about 10,000 were later imprisoned. Of those, 2000 were sent to Nazi concentration camps, where they were identified by purple triangles; as many as 1200 died, including 250 who were executed. In Canada, Jehovah's Witnesses were interned in camps along with political dissidents and people of Chinese and Japanese descent. In the former Soviet Union, about 9,300 Jehovah's Witnesses were deported to Siberia as part of Operation North in April 1951. Their religious activities are currently banned or restricted in some countries, including China, Vietnam and some Islamic states.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" } ]

[ { "answer": "the United Nations", "id": 38095, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Who do Jehovah Witnesses think is out to destroy them?", "raw_question": "Who do Jehovah Witnesses think is out to destroy them?", "statement": "Jehovah's Witnesses think the United Nations is out to destroy them." }, { "answer": "the United States", "id": 66386, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "the country where the headquarters of the United Nations is located", "raw_question": "the country where the headquarters of #1 is located", "statement": "The headquarters of the United Nations is located in the United States." }, { "answer": "2011", "id": 16350, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "When did epinephrine stop being available in the United States ?", "raw_question": "When did epinephrine stop being available in #2 ?", "statement": "Epinephrine stopped being available in the United States in 2011." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Holland North and South Holland (in orange) shown together within the Netherlands Country Netherlands Largest settlements List (show) Amsterdam Rotterdam The Hague Haarlem Zoetermeer Dordrecht Leiden Area Total 5,488 km (2,119 sq mi) Population (January 2017) Total 6,466,735 Density 1,200 / km (3,100 / sq mi) Demonym (s) Hollander Time zone CET (UTC + 1) Summer (DST) CEST (UTC + 2)", "title": "Holland" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. The official name of the standard is \"Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes\". It defines three sets of country codes:", "title": "ISO 3166-1" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Disagreements within the church over the years led to other splits; sometimes the reasons were theological, sometimes practical, sometimes geographical. For instance, near the beginning of the 20th century, some members in the Amish church wanted to begin having Sunday Schools and participate in progressive Protestant - style para-church evangelism. Unable to persuade the rest of the Amish, they separated and formed a number of separate groups including the Conservative Mennonite Conference. Mennonites in Canada and other countries typically have independent denominations because of the practical considerations of distance and, in some cases, language. Many times these divisions took place along family lines, with each extended family supporting their own branch.", "title": "Mennonites" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zaire (/ zɑːˈɪər /), officially the Republic of Zaire (French: République du Zaïre; French pronunciation: ​ (za. iʁ)), was the name for the Democratic Republic of the Congo that existed between 1971 and 1997 in Central Africa. The country was a one - party totalitarian dictatorship, run by Mobutu Sese Seko and his ruling Popular Movement of the Revolution party. Zaire was established following Mobutu's seizure of power in a military coup in 1965, following five years of political upheaval following independence known as the Congo Crisis. Zaire had a strongly centralist constitution and foreign assets were nationalised. The period is sometimes referred to as the Second Congolese Republic.", "title": "Zaire" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carter was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, and represented his country of birth at junior level. He later moved to England and turned professional in 1989. After several visits to qualifying school he had his rookie season on the European Tour in 1995. His best season was 1998, when he won the Murphy's Irish Open, which remains his only official money victory on the tour, and finished 19th on the Order of Merit. However he is probably best known for winning that year's World Cup for England in partnership with Nick Faldo. He also won the 1996 Indian PGA Championship.", "title": "David Carter (golfer)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``If Tomorrow Never Comes ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. Written by Brooks and Kent Blazy, it was released in August 1989 as the second single from his album Garth Brooks and also appears on The Hits, The Limited Series and Double Live. This was his first # 1 single on the Billboard Country Singles chart. It is also sometimes referred to as his signature song.`` If Tomorrow Never Comes'' was named Favorite Country Single in the American Music Awards of 1991. It has subsequently become one of Brooks' most popular songs for other artists to perform. The song has been covered by several artists, including Ronan Keating, who took it to Number 1 in the UK Singles Chart in May 2002.", "title": "If Tomorrow Never Comes" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia. In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, Galiza became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, Galicia, which coincides with the Castilian Spanish name. The historical denomination Galiza became popular again during the end of the 19th and the first three-quarters of the 20th century, being still used with some frequency today, although not by the Xunta de Galicia, the local devolved government. The Royal Galician Academy, the institution responsible for regulating the Galician language, whilst recognizing it as a legitimate current denomination, has stated that the only official name of the country is Galicia.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Purmerbuurt is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland in the polder the Purmer. It is part of the municipality of Purmerend, and is directly connected to the city of Purmerend by an Intersection. The village has its own church, de Purmerkerk. Purmerbuurt is surrounded by the Purmerbos. (Purmer forest)", "title": "Purmerbuurt" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ardbraccan House (known sometimes historically as Ardbraccan Palace) is a large Palladian country house in County Meath, Ireland. The historic house served from the 1770s to 1885 as the residence of the Church of Ireland Lord Bishop of Meath.", "title": "Ardbraccan House" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The official English name was changed by the country's government from the ``Union of Burma ''to the`` Union of Myanmar'' in 1989, and still later to the ``Republic of the Union of Myanmar '', which since then has been the subject of controversies and mixed incidences of adoption.", "title": "Names of Myanmar" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.", "title": "ISO 3166" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations of the term may include some or all of these regions.", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, Iran. As the New York Times explained at the time, \"At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia as the official name of the country.\" Opposition to the name change led to the reversal of the decision, and Professor Ehsan Yarshater, editor of Encyclopædia Iranica, propagated a move to use Persia and Iran interchangeably. Today, both Persia and Iran are used in cultural contexts; although, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aerosmith World Tour 2007 (or The Tour Heard 'Round the World) was a concert tour by American hard rock band Aerosmith that saw the band performing outside North America or Japan for the first time in about eight years (since the Nine Lives Tour), and in some countries, the first time in 14 years (since the Get a Grip Tour). As part of the tour, the band also visited some countries for the first time ever, including India, the United Arab Emirates, Latvia, and Estonia.", "title": "Aerosmith World Tour 2007" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "These are the results for the 29th edition of the Ronde van Nederland cycling race, which was held from August 14 to August 19, 1989. The race started in Nieuwegein (Utrecht) and finished 857 kilometres later in Gulpen (Limburg).", "title": "1989 Ronde van Nederland" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was \"neutral on his side\", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant \"not taking sides\".", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Velvet Revolution in late-1989, Czechoslovakia adopted the official name Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (, ; ČSFR) during the period from 23 April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This period is also referred to as the Fifth Czechoslovak Republic.", "title": "Czech and Slovak Federative Republic" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'an. Although, especially since the 1960s, the Darijas are occupying an increasing use and influence in the cultural life of these countries. Examples of cultural elements where Darijas' use became dominant include: theatre, film, music, television, advertisement, social media, folk-tale books and companies' names.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The EEC was also known as the Common Market in the English - speaking countries and sometimes referred to as the European Community even before it was officially renamed as such in 1993.", "title": "European Economic Community" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour (also known as the Foreign Affair World Tour) was the fifth concert tour of American singer, Tina Turner. The tour supported her seventh studio album \"Foreign Affair\". The tour was Turner's first stadium tour and only reached European countries. Overall, the tour drew in nearly four million spectators—breaking the record for a European tour that was previously set by The Rolling Stones.", "title": "Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour" } ]

[ { "answer": "Holland", "id": 334253, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Purmerbuurt >> country", "raw_question": "Purmerbuurt >> country", "statement": "Purmerbuurt is located in Holland." }, { "answer": "Netherlands", "id": 74047, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "what is the official name of the country sometimes known as Holland", "raw_question": "what is the official name of the country sometimes known as #1", "statement": "The official name of the country sometimes known as Holland is the Netherlands." }, { "answer": "Ronde van Nederland", "id": 314524, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "1989 Tour of the Netherlands >> instance of", "raw_question": "1989 Tour of the #2 >> instance of", "statement": "The 1989 Tour of the Netherlands is an instance of the Ronde van Nederland." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. Regulations generally also carry the force of law under the Chevron doctrine. Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation, and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis.", "title": "Law of the United States" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1896 for members of the 55th Congress, coinciding with the election of President William McKinley.", "title": "1896 United States House of Representatives elections" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article I of the Constitution creates and sets forth the structure and most of the powers of Congress. Sections One through Six describe how Congress is elected and gives each House the power to create its own structure. Section Seven lays out the process for creating laws, and Section Eight enumerates numerous powers. Section Nine is a list of powers Congress does not have, and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some of which may only be granted by Congress. Constitutional amendments have granted Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause.", "title": "United States Congress" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Legislative powers are exercised by a 300-member elective unicameral Parliament. Statutes passed by the Parliament are promulgated by the President of the Republic. Parliamentary elections are held every four years, but the President of the Republic is obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier on the proposal of the Cabinet, in view of dealing with a national issue of exceptional importance. The President is also obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier, if the opposition manages to pass a motion of no confidence.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994. The Constitution limits the president's time in office to two five - year terms. The first president to be elected under the new constitution was Nelson Mandela. The incumbent is Cyril Ramaphosa, who was elected by the National Assembly on 15 February 2018 following the resignation of Jacob Zuma.", "title": "President of South Africa" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The authority and responsibilities of the president was similar to that of the President of the United States: to serve the people of Texas, and to serve as the head of the military and the state. These were detailed in the Constitution of the Republic of Texas of 1836. The Constitution specified a term of two years for the first elected president (Sam Houston) and terms of three years thereafter; the president could not succeed himself, but there were otherwise no term limits. The president was elected separately from the vice president, by popular vote, and there was no requirement to be native - born. A strict reading of the Constitution provided for women's suffrage (that is, both men and women were citizens and could vote for Congress, president, and other offices), but women and preachers or priests were not allowed to serve as president or in Congress. Indians and Africans and those of African descent could not be citizens.", "title": "President of the Republic of Texas" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per Article 324, and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act. The Commission has the powers under the Constitution, to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an election. Being a constitutional authority, Election Commission is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country's higher judiciary, the Union Public Service Commission and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.", "title": "Election Commission of India" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article Four of the United States Constitution also states that the Congress has the power to enact laws respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States. Federal jurisdiction exists over any territory thus subject to laws enacted by the Congress.", "title": "Federal jurisdiction (United States)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under the Twelfth Amendment, the Senate has the power to elect the vice president if no vice presidential candidate receives a majority of votes in the Electoral College. The Twelfth Amendment requires the Senate to choose from the two candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes. Electoral College deadlocks are rare. The Senate has only broken a deadlock once; in 1837, it elected Richard Mentor Johnson. The House elects the president if the Electoral College deadlocks on that choice.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), Congress could not authorize the president to formulate codes of \"fair competition.\" It was held that Congress must set some standards governing the actions of executive officers. The Court, however, has deemed that phrases such as \"just and reasonable,\" \"public interest\" and \"public convenience\" suffice.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy or democratic republic, with three branches of power: executive, legislative, and judicial. The president of the Dominican Republic heads the executive branch and executes laws passed by the congress, appoints the cabinet, and is commander in chief of the armed forces. The president and vice-president run for office on the same ticket and are elected by direct vote for 4-year terms. The national legislature is bicameral, composed of a senate, which has 32 members, and the Chamber of Deputies, with 178 members.Judicial authority rests with the Supreme Court of Justice's 16 members. They are appointed by a council composed of the president, the leaders of both houses of Congress, the President of the Supreme Court, and an opposition or non–governing-party member. The court \"alone hears actions against the president, designated members of his Cabinet, and members of Congress when the legislature is in session.\"The Dominican Republic has a multi-party political system. Elections are held every two years, alternating between the presidential elections, which are held in years evenly divisible by four, and the congressional and municipal elections, which are held in even-numbered years not divisible by four. \"International observers have found that presidential and congressional elections since 1996 have been generally free and fair.\" The Central Elections Board (JCE) of nine members supervises elections, and its decisions are unappealable. Starting from 2016, elections will be held jointly, after a constitutional reform.", "title": "Dominican Republic" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The executive power in the federal government is vested in the President of the United States, although power is often delegated to the Cabinet members and other officials. The president and vice president are elected as running mates by the Electoral College, for which each state, as well as the District of Columbia, is allocated a number of seats based on its representation (or ostensible representation, in the case of D.C.) in both houses of Congress. The president is limited to a maximum of two four - year terms. If the president has already served two years or more of a term to which some other person was elected, he or she may only serve one more additional four - year term.", "title": "Federal government of the United States" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections will be held on November 6, 2018. Elections will be held to elect representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states. Non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and four of the five inhabited U.S. territories will also be elected. The winners of this election will serve in the 116th United States Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 2010 United States Census. Republicans have held a House majority since January 2011 (see 2010 results), although they lost six seats in the 2016 elections.", "title": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a \"line-item veto\" to the President, by powers vested in the government by the Constitution.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Caesar held both the dictatorship and the tribunate, and alternated between the consulship and the proconsulship. In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers. This made his person sacrosanct, gave him the power to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council. In 46 BC, Caesar was given censorial powers, which he used to fill the senate with his own partisans. Caesar then raised the membership of the Senate to 900. This robbed the senatorial aristocracy of its prestige, and made it increasingly subservient to him. While the assemblies continued to meet, he submitted all candidates to the assemblies for election, and all bills to the assemblies for enactment. Thus, the assemblies became powerless and were unable to oppose him.", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Congress has several powers related to war and the armed forces. Under the War Powers Clause, only Congress may declare war, but in several cases it has, without declaring war, granted the President the authority to engage in military conflicts. Five wars have been declared in United States' history: the War of 1812, the Mexican -- American War, the Spanish -- American War, World War I and World War II. Some historians argue that the legal doctrines and legislation passed during the operations against Pancho Villa constitute a sixth declaration of war. Congress may grant letters of marque and reprisal. Congress may establish and support the armed forces, but no appropriation made for the support of the army may be used for more than two years. This provision was inserted because the Framers feared the establishment of a standing army, beyond civilian control, during peacetime. Congress may regulate or call forth the state militias, but the states retain the authority to appoint officers and train personnel. Congress also has exclusive power to make rules and regulations governing the land and naval forces. Although the executive branch and the Pentagon have asserted an ever - increasing measure of involvement in this process, the U.S. Supreme Court has often reaffirmed Congress's exclusive hold on this power (e.g. Burns v. Wilson, 346 U.S. 137 (1953)). Congress used this power twice soon after World War II with the enactment of two statutes: the Uniform Code of Military Justice to improve the quality and fairness of courts martial and military justice, and the Federal Tort Claims Act which among other rights had allowed military service persons to sue for damages until the U.S. Supreme Court repealed that section of the statute in a divisive series of cases, known collectively as the Feres Doctrine.", "title": "Article One of the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote.", "title": "1824 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela held presidential elections on 3 December 2006, to choose a president for the six-year term to begin on 10 January 2007. The contest was between incumbent President Hugo Chávez, and Zulia Governor Manuel Rosales of the opposition party UNT.", "title": "2006 Venezuelan presidential election" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the President signs a bill into law (or Congress enacts it over his veto), it is delivered to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) where it is assigned a law number, and prepared for publication as a slip law. Public laws, but not private laws, are also given legal statutory citation by the OFR. At the end of each session of Congress, the slip laws are compiled into bound volumes called the United States Statutes at Large, and they are known as session laws. The Statutes at Large present a chronological arrangement of the laws in the exact order that they have been enacted.", "title": "Law of the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosevelt held considerable power during the Great Depression. Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers. The aforementioned Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, another separation of powers case, was also decided during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. In response to many unfavorable Supreme Court decisions, Roosevelt introduced a \"Court Packing\" plan, under which more seats would be added to the Supreme Court for the president to fill. Such a plan (which was defeated in Congress) would have seriously undermined the judiciary's independence and power.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" } ]

[ { "answer": "the Constitution", "id": 20961, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "What gives Congress limited power to enact statutes?", "raw_question": "What gives Congress limited power to enact statutes?", "statement": "The Constitution gives Congress limited power to enact statutes." }, { "answer": "House of Representatives", "id": 87850, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "who was given authority under the the Constitution to choose the president in 1824", "raw_question": "who was given authority under the #1 to choose the president in 1824", "statement": "The House of Representatives was given authority under the Constitution to choose the president in 1824." }, { "answer": "November 6, 2018", "id": 74538, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "when are elections for House of Representatives held", "raw_question": "when are elections for #2 held", "statement": "Elections for the House of Representatives were held on November 6, 2018." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Knox County is a county located in Indiana in the United States. It was one of two original counties created in the old Northwest Territory in 1790 and was reduced to its present size in 1817. , the population was 38,440. The county seat is Vincennes.", "title": "Knox County, Indiana" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Užice ( / ) was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in occupied Yugoslavia, more specifically the western part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia. The Republic was established by the Partisan resistance movement and its administrative center was in the town of Užice.", "title": "Republic of Užice" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous.", "title": "Negaunee Township, Michigan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya, administrative town Bani Walid. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District.", "title": "Bani Walid District" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In April 1983, the company opened its first Sam's Club store, a membership - based discount warehouse club, in Midwest City, Oklahoma. They also expanded into Indiana, Iowa, New Mexico, and North Carolina and implemented ``people greeters ''in all of their stores. The first stores opened in Virginia in 1984.", "title": "History of Walmart" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Knox Township is one of twenty-one townships in Knox County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,027 and it contained 2,147 housing units.", "title": "Knox Township, Knox County, Illinois" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" } ]

[ { "answer": "Knox County", "id": 277773, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Knox Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Knox Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Knox Township is located in Knox County." }, { "answer": "Indiana", "id": 167270, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Knox County >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Knox County is located in the state of Indiana." }, { "answer": "1983", "id": 47054, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "when did the first walmart open in Indiana", "raw_question": "when did the first walmart open in #2", "statement": "The first Walmart opened in Indiana in 1983." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stir - fried ice cream existed in Thailand by 2009, as a way of just mixing ingredients together with fruits and different types of candies. There were a few vendors at the time, and it was not popular yet. Around 2011 -- 2012, the ice cream became more popular in Thailand and began to spread to neighboring countries such as Malaysia, and Cambodia in 2012. It spread worldwide in 2015 from internet viral videos..", "title": "Stir-fried ice cream" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song was originally a country music single by singer Wynn Stewart. Although Stewart had previously hit the Top 40 on the Billboard US country chart with songs such as ``Wishful Thinking ''in 1960,`` It's Such a Pretty World Today'' was Stewart's highest charting hit, peaking at No. 1 on the country music chart for two weeks in the late spring of 1967. It was released as a single from his album of the same name that year.", "title": "It's Such a Pretty World Today" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ex on the Beach Series 8 Country of origin United Kingdom No. of episodes 8 Release Original network MTV Original release 20 March 2018 -- present Season chronology ← Previous Series 7", "title": "Ex on the Beach (British series 8)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Foreign students' department for Armenian diaspora established in 1957 later was enlarged and the enrollment of foreign students began. Nowadays the YSMU is a Medical Institution corresponding to international requirements, trains medical staff for not only Armenia and neighbor countries, i.e. Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Georgia, but also many other leading countries all over the world. A great number of foreign students from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation study together with Armenian students. Nowadays the university is ranked among famous higher Medical Institutions and takes its honorable place in the World Directory of Medical Schools published by the WHO.", "title": "Armenia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Delicious Surprise is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Jo Dee Messina, released in 2005. Her first studio album of original material since \"Burn\" almost five years previous, it produced a Number One single on the \"Billboard\" country music charts in \"My Give a Damn's Busted\", a song co-written by country singer Joe Diffie and originally recorded on his 2001 album \"In Another World\". Additional singles released from \"Delicious Surprise\" include \"Delicious Surprise (I Believe It)\", \"Not Going Down\", and \"It's Too Late to Worry\", all of which charted in the Top 40 on the country charts as well. The album has been certified Gold by the RIAA.", "title": "Delicious Surprise" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula jutting out from the far east of the Asian land mass. The only country with a land border to South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of border running along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. South Korea is mostly surrounded by water and has 2,413 kilometres (1,499 mi) of coast line along three seas; to the west is the Yellow Sea (known in Korea as West Sea), to the south is the East China Sea, and to the east is the Sea of Japan (known in Korea as East Sea). Geographically, South Korea's land mass is approximately 100,032 square kilometres (38,623 sq mi). 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi) of South Korea are occupied by water. The approximate coordinates are 37 ° North, 127 ° 30 East. Notable islands include Jeju Island (Jejudo), Ulleung Island (Ulleungdo), and Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo, known in Japan as Takeshima).", "title": "Geography of South Korea" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Do\" can either mean \"province\" or \"island\" in Korean. \"Seom\" means island in the Korean language as well, although \"do\" is a Sino-Korean word used in name compound words, but \"seom\" can stand alone. Filming for \"Mapado\" did not take place on an island, but in Dongbaek village in Yeonggwang County, South Korea.", "title": "Mapado" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Deck of Cards ''is a recitation song that was popularized in the fields of both the country and popular music, first during the late 1940s. This song, which relates the tale of a young American soldier arrested and charged with playing cards during a church service, first became a hit in the U.S. in 1948 by country musician T. Texas Tyler.", "title": "The Deck of Cards" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This Is Country Music is the eighth studio album by American country music artist Brad Paisley. The album was originally scheduled to be released April 19, but was pushed back to May 23, 2011 by recording label Arista Nashville.", "title": "This Is Country Music" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Right or Wrong\" or \"Right or Wrong (I'll Be with You)\" is a song written and originally recorded by Wanda Jackson, an American country, rock, and Christian music artist. Originally, the song was a major country and pop hit for Jackson in 1961. A second version was released in 1964 that became popular by American pop artist, Ronnie Dove.", "title": "Right or Wrong (Wanda Jackson song)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Tip of My Fingers,\" also titled \"The Tips of My Fingers,\" is a song written and originally recorded by American country music singer Bill Anderson. First included on his 1962 album \"Bill Anderson Sings Country Heart Songs\", the song was a Top Ten country single for him in 1960.", "title": "The Tip of My Fingers" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nissan Leaf (Japanese: 日産リーフ) is a compact five - door hatchback electric car manufactured by Nissan and introduced in Japan and the United States in December 2010, followed by various European countries and Canada in 2011. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) official range for the 2018 model year Leaf is 243 km (151 miles) on a full battery charge. The battery can be charged from empty to 80% capacity in about 30 minutes using DC fast charging.", "title": "Nissan Leaf" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Tourism, a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to the development and promotion of tourism in India. The head of the ministry is Minister of Tourism, a Minister of State (Independent Charge), held by Shri. Alphons Kannanthanam Since September 2017. To promote the GDP of the country indirectly and to have friendly relations with them, The Government of India announced officially a Visa on Arrival status / facility for International Visitors to enter / visit India from 43 countries including United States, Australia, Vietnam, Thailand, Vanuatu, Singapore, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Russian Federation, Brazil, Finland, Germany, Japan, Myanmar on 27 November 2014 and some more countries to follow soon.", "title": "Ministry of Tourism (India)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``From a Jack to a King ''is a country music song. Originally a crossover hit for artist Ned Miller, who also wrote`` Dark Moon,'' ``A Falling Star, ''and many other country songs. It has been covered extensively by country music artists.", "title": "From a Jack to a King" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Tennessee Whiskey ''is the title of a country song written by Dean Dillon and Linda Hargrove. It was originally recorded by American country music artist David Allan Coe for his album of the same name Tennessee Whiskey, whose version peaked at number 77 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in 1981. George Jones' 1983 version of the song was included on his album Shine On, and reached number 2 on the Hot Country Singles chart. The song has been covered by several artists, including Chris Stapleton, whose version was performed at the 2015 Country Music Association (CMA) Awards with Justin Timberlake, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "title": "Tennessee Whiskey (song)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NATO has added new members seven times since its founding in 1949, and since 2017 NATO has had 29 members. Twelve countries were part of the founding of NATO: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1952, Greece and Turkey became members of the Alliance, joined later by West Germany (in 1955) and Spain (in 1982). In 1990, with the reunification of Germany, NATO grew to include the former country of East Germany. Between 1994 and 1997, wider forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbors were set up, including the Partnership for Peace, the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative and the Euro - Atlantic Partnership Council. In 1997, three former Warsaw Pact countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland, were invited to join NATO. After this fourth enlargement in 1999, the Vilnius group of The Baltics and seven East European countries formed in May 2000 to cooperate and lobby for further NATO membership. Seven of these countries joined in the fifth enlargement in 2004. The Adriatic States Albania and Croatia joined in the sixth enlargement in 2009, Montenegro in 2017.", "title": "Member states of NATO" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Then There Were Five is a children's novel written and illustrated by Elizabeth Enright, published by Farrar & Rineheart in 1944. It is the third of four books in the Melendy family series which Enright inaugurated in 1941. Continuing life at the \"four-story mistake\" country house during World War II, the four children have adventures that include a neighbor boy who finally joins the family.", "title": "Then There Were Five" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Executive power is vested in the Cabinet of North Korea, which is headed by Premier Pak Pong-ju. The Premier represents the government and functions independently. His authority extends over two vice-premiers, 30 ministers, two cabinet commission chairmen, the cabinet chief secretary, the president of the Central Bank, the director of the Central Bureau of Statistics and the president of the Academy of Sciences. A 31st ministry, the Ministry of People's Armed Forces, is under the jurisdiction of the State Affairs Commission.", "title": "North Korea" } ]

[ { "answer": "South Korea", "id": 105813, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "What country did Mapado originate?", "raw_question": "What country did Mapado originate?", "statement": "Mapado originated in South Korea." }, { "answer": "North Korea", "id": 58005, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "what are the neighboring countries of South Korea", "raw_question": "what are the neighboring countries of #1", "statement": "North Korea is a neighboring country of South Korea." }, { "answer": "Pak Pong-ju", "id": 126090, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Who was in charge of North Korea ?", "raw_question": "Who was in charge of #2 ?", "statement": "Pak Pong-ju was in charge of North Korea." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United States Public Health Service Logo of the United States Public Health Service Flag of the U.S. Public Health Service Agency overview Formed 1798 (reorganized / renamed: 1871 / 1889 / 1902 / 1912) Jurisdiction Federal government of the United States Headquarters Hubert H. Humphrey Building Washington, D.C. Agency executive Admiral Brett Giroir, Assistant Secretary for Health Parent agency Department of Health and Human Services Website www.hhs.gov/ash ``Public Health Service March ''", "title": "United States Public Health Service" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FBI is headquartered at the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices in major cities across the United States. The FBI also maintains over 400 resident agencies across the United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at United States embassies and consulates. Many specialized FBI functions are located at facilities in Quantico, Virginia, as well as a \"data campus\" in Clarksburg, West Virginia, where 96 million sets of fingerprints \"from across the United States are stored, along with others collected by American authorities from prisoners in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Iraq and Afghanistan.\" The FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, to Winchester, Virginia.", "title": "Federal Bureau of Investigation" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The World Health Organization (WHO) acts as a coordinating authority on international public health and deals with health and sanitation and diseases and sends medical teams to help combat epidemics. Established on 7 April 1948, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization, which had been an agency of the League of Nations. It was established in April 7, 1948 when 26 members of the United Nations ratified its Constitution. April 7 is celebrated as the World Health Day every year. The WHO is governed by 194 Member States through the World Health Assembly. Its headquarters are at Geneva in Switzerland.", "title": "List of specialized agencies of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forfás () was the national policy advisory board for enterprise, trade, science, technology and innovation in Ireland. The agency was established in January 1994 under the Industrial Development Act, 1993 and was run by a board appointed by the Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation, to whom the agency is responsible. Forfás was dissolved on 1 August 2014 and its functions were transferred to the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation, Enterprise Ireland, the Industrial Development Authority and the Health and Safety Authority.", "title": "Forfás" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Helen Epstein (born 1961) is an American writer, molecular biologist, and independent consultant specializing in public health in developing countries. She has conducted research on reproductive health and AIDS in Africa for such organizations as the Rockefeller Foundation, the Population Council, and Human Rights Watch, and her articles have appeared in \"The New York Review of Books\", \"The New York Times Magazine\", \"Granta Magazine\", and many other publications. Her research interests include the right to health care in developing countries and the relationship between poverty and health in industrialized countries.", "title": "Helen Epstein (HIV/AIDS journalist)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Waterford graduated in law from the Australian National University. He began his journalism career as a cadet with \"The Canberra Times\" in 1972, covering a broad range of rounds before being appointed Deputy Editor in 1987, Editor in 1995, and Editor-in-Chief in 2001. Waterford is well known for his investigative journalism using Freedom of Information legislation and for his work and advocacy on indigenous health issues and on the national trachoma and eye health program. He has delivered papers at many public forums and written book chapters on areas as diverse as press freedom, the High Court of Australia, public administration and the Petrov Affair.", "title": "Jack Waterford" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSIs) in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. In Northern Ireland the body responsible for designating ASSIs is the Northern Ireland Environment Agency - a division of the Department of Environment (DoE).", "title": "List of Areas of Special Scientific Interest in Northern Ireland" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (/ ˈoʊʃə /) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor. Congress established the agency under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which President Richard M. Nixon signed into law on December 29, 1970. OSHA's mission is to ``assure safe and healthy working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance ''. The agency is also charged with enforcing a variety of whistleblower statutes and regulations. OSHA is currently headed by Acting Assistant Secretary of Labor Loren Sweatt. OSHA's workplace safety inspections have been shown to reduce injury rates and injury costs without adverse effects to employment, sales, credit ratings, or firm survival.", "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Administration" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Freedom from Fear is both an essay by Aung San Suu Kyi, and a book of the same name comprising a collection of her essays.", "title": "Freedom from Fear (Aung San Suu Kyi)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Surgeon General is nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. The Surgeon General must be appointed from individuals who (1) are members of the Regular Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, and (2) have specialized training or significant experience in public health programs. The Surgeon General serves a four - year term of office and, depending on whether the current Assistant Secretary for Health is a Public Health Service commissioned officer, is either the senior or next most senior uniformed officer of the commissioned corps, holding the rank of a vice admiral. The current Surgeon General is Jerome Adams, having taken office on September 5, 2017.", "title": "Surgeon General of the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pennsylvania Department of Health Agency overview Formed April 27, 1905 Jurisdiction Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Agency executive Dr. Rachel Levine, Secretary of Health Website http://www.health.pa.gov", "title": "Pennsylvania Department of Health" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) is an Executive Agency of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) seeking to protect public health, animal health, the environment and promoting animal welfare by assuring the safety, quality and efficacy of veterinary medicines in the United Kingdom.", "title": "Veterinary Medicines Directorate" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Environmental Protection Agency retains authority to investigate and study noise and its effect, disseminate information to the public regarding noise pollution and its adverse health effects, respond to inquiries on matters related to noise, and evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations for protecting the public health and welfare, pursuant to the Noise Control Act of 1972 and the Quiet Communities Act of 1978.", "title": "Noise pollution" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City. A public benefit corporation with $6.7 billion in annual revenues, HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents. HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation (Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969). It is similar to a municipal agency but has a Board of Directors. HHC operates 11 acute care hospitals, five nursing homes, six diagnostic and treatment centers, and more than 70 community-based primary care sites, serving primarily the poor and working class. HHC's MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half million New Yorkers.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "She married an Austrian documentary filmmaker, Warner Fend, and had a great influence on Aung San Suu Kyi. Than E, a family friend, persuaded Suu Kyi to relocate to New York City and work for the United Nations. Than E was born to a Baptist family and attended Rangoon University, before joining the Teacher's Training College.", "title": "Than E" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The healthcare system is regulated by the Federal Joint Committee (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss), a public health organization authorized to make binding regulations growing out of health reform bills passed by lawmakers, along with routine decisions regarding healthcare in Germany.", "title": "Healthcare in Germany" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The WorkCover Authority of New South Wales or WorkCover NSW is a New South Wales Government agency established in 1989. The agency creates regulations to promote productive, healthy and safe workplaces for workers and employers in New South Wales. The agency formed part of the Safety, Return to Work and Support Division established pursuant to the Safety, Return to Work and Support Board Act, 2012 (NSW).", "title": "WorkCover Authority of New South Wales" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organisation, was an agency of the League of Nations.", "title": "World Health Organization" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After leaving politics Olivia has worked at the Swedish Association of Health Professionals and as secretary in Ansvarskommittén. In April 2007 Olivia was employed by the National Board of Health and Welfare, which she left in 2008 for the job as head of the Division for Public Health and Health Care, at the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.", "title": "Olivia Wigzell" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Health and Social Care Act 2012 (c 7) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It provides for the most extensive reorganisation of the structure of the National Health Service in England to date. It removed responsibility for the health of citizens from the Secretary of State for Health, which the post had carried since the inception of the NHS in 1948. It abolished NHS primary care trusts (PCTs) and Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs) and transferred between £60 billion and £80 billion of ``commissioning '', or health care funds, from the abolished PCTs to several hundred`` clinical commissioning groups'', partly run by the general practitioners (GPs) in England but a major point of access for private service providers. A new executive agency of the Department of Health, Public Health England, was established under the Act on 1 April 2013.", "title": "Health and Social Care Act 2012" } ]

[ { "answer": "Aung San Suu Kyi", "id": 674688, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Freedom from Fear >> author", "raw_question": "Freedom from Fear >> author", "statement": "Aung San Suu Kyi is the author of Freedom From Fear." }, { "answer": "United Nations", "id": 707133, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Aung San Suu Kyi >> employer", "raw_question": "#1 >> employer", "statement": "Aung San Suu Kyi is employed by the United Nations." }, { "answer": "The World Health Organization (WHO)", "id": 72062, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "the specialized agency that serves as the public health division of United Nations is", "raw_question": "the specialized agency that serves as the public health division of #2 is", "statement": "The World Health Organization (WHO) serves as the public health division of the United Nations." } ]

[ "WHO", "World Health Organization" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Government phonology, which originated in the early 1980s as an attempt to unify theoretical notions of syntactic and phonological structures, is based on the notion that all languages necessarily follow a small set of principles and vary according to their selection of certain binary parameters. That is, all languages' phonological structures are essentially the same, but there is restricted variation that accounts for differences in surface realizations. Principles are held to be inviolable, though parameters may sometimes come into conflict. Prominent figures in this field include Jonathan Kaye, Jean Lowenstamm, Jean-Roger Vergnaud, Monik Charette, and John Harris.", "title": "Phonology" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ride Tonight! (Swedish: Rid i natt) is a 1942 Swedish historical drama film directed by Gustaf Molander and starring Lars Hanson, Oscar Ljung, Gerd Hagman and Eva Dahlbeck. It is an adaptation of the 1941 novel \"Ride This Night\" by Vilhelm Moberg. The film, like the original novel, alluded directly to events in occupied Europe during the Second World War and helped to bolster anti-Nazi sentiment in neutral Sweden.", "title": "Ride Tonight!" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Ca n't Help Falling in Love ''is a pop ballad based on`` Plaisir d'amour'', an 18th - century song which is sung by Montgomery Clift in the 1949 film ``The Heiress ''starring Clift and Olivia de Havilland, with a musical score provided by Aaron Copland. The pop ballad was originally recorded by American singer Elvis Presley and published by Gladys Music, Presley's publishing company. It was written by Hugo Peretti, Luigi Creatore, and George David Weiss. (The melody is based on`` Plaisir d'amour'', a popular romance composed in 1784 by Jean - Paul - Égide Martini). ``Ca n't Help Falling in Love ''was featured in Presley's 1961 film, Blue Hawaii. During the following four decades, it was recorded by numerous other artists, including Tom Smothers, Swedish pop group A-Teens, and the British reggae group UB40, whose 1993 version topped the U.S. and UK charts.", "title": "Can't Help Falling in Love" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Larry Heard, a.k.a. \"Mr. Fingers\", claims that the term \"house\" became popular due to many of the early DJs creating music in their own homes using synthesizers and drum machines such as the Roland TR-808, TR-909, and the TB 303.[citation needed] These synthesizers were used to create a house subgenre called acid house.", "title": "House music" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the late 1980s and early 1990s, following the emergence of raving, pirate radio, and an upsurge of interest in club culture, EDM acquired mainstream popularity in Europe. In the United States at that time acceptance of dance culture was not universal, and although both Electro and Chicago house music were hugely influential both in Europe and the USA, mainstream media outlets, and the record industry, remained hostile to EDM. There was also a perceived association between EDM and drug culture which led governments at state and city level to enact laws and policies intended to halt the spread of rave culture.", "title": "Electronic dance music" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Help to Buy is the name of a government programme in the United Kingdom that aims to transfer wealth from the public to politically connected house builders. It was announced in Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne's 2013 budget speech, and was described as ``the biggest government intervention in the housing market since the Right to Buy scheme ''of the 1980s. It is an extension of a previous programme called FirstBuy that was aimed solely at first - time buyers. Help to Buy has itself been expanded and extended.", "title": "Help to Buy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The house scene in cities such as Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield and London were also provided with many underground Pirate Radio stations and DJs alike which helped bolster an already contagious, but otherwise ignored by the mainstream, music genre. The earliest and influential UK house and techno record labels such as Warp Records and Network Records (otherwise known as Kool Kat records) helped introduce American and later Italian dance music to Britain as well as promoting select UK dance music acts.", "title": "House music" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Boys' Brigade Gazette is a quarterly magazine printed regularly since 1889 in the United Kingdom for the officers and leaders of the Battalions and Companies of the Boy's Brigade in the UK and Ireland.", "title": "Boys' Brigade Gazette" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.", "title": "Big Freedia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Phonology is often distinguished from phonetics. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages to encode meaning. For many linguists, phonetics belongs to descriptive linguistics, and phonology to theoretical linguistics, although establishing the phonological system of a language is necessarily an application of theoretical principles to analysis of phonetic evidence. Note that this distinction was not always made, particularly before the development of the modern concept of the phoneme in the mid 20th century. Some subfields of modern phonology have a crossover with phonetics in descriptive disciplines such as psycholinguistics and speech perception, resulting in specific areas like articulatory phonology or laboratory phonology.", "title": "Phonology" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1976 John Goldsmith introduced autosegmental phonology. Phonological phenomena are no longer seen as operating on one linear sequence of segments, called phonemes or feature combinations, but rather as involving some parallel sequences of features which reside on multiple tiers. Autosegmental phonology later evolved into feature geometry, which became the standard theory of representation for theories of the organization of phonology as different as lexical phonology and optimality theory.", "title": "Phonology" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When she returned to Sri Lanka she decided to follow her in popular music after she completed her GCE Advanced Levels.", "title": "Gresha Schuilling" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Natural phonology is a theory based on the publications of its proponent David Stampe in 1969 and (more explicitly) in 1979. In this view, phonology is based on a set of universal phonological processes that interact with one another; which ones are active and which are suppressed is language-specific. Rather than acting on segments, phonological processes act on distinctive features within prosodic groups. Prosodic groups can be as small as a part of a syllable or as large as an entire utterance. Phonological processes are unordered with respect to each other and apply simultaneously (though the output of one process may be the input to another). The second most prominent natural phonologist is Patricia Donegan (Stampe's wife); there are many natural phonologists in Europe, and a few in the U.S., such as Geoffrey Nathan. The principles of natural phonology were extended to morphology by Wolfgang U. Dressler, who founded natural morphology.", "title": "Phonology" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bliznashki Government was the ninetieth cabinet of Bulgaria which took office on 6 August 2014, following the resignation of the previous government. This cabinet was a caretaker government of technocrats designated to serve only until a new government could be elected with a popular mandate. The government, led by Prime Minister Georgi Bliznashki, was set up by President Rosen Plevneliev. A new government was formed after the early parliamentary elections on 5 October 2014.", "title": "Bliznashki Government" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Numerous live performance events dedicated to house music were founded during the course of the decade, including Shambhala Music Festival and major industry sponsored events like Miami's Winter Music Conference. The genre even gained popularity in the Middle East in cities such as Dubai & Abu Dhabi[citation needed] and at events like Creamfields.", "title": "House music" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pierre-Jean de Béranger (19 August 178016 July 1857) was a prolific French poet and chansonnier (songwriter), who enjoyed great popularity and influence in France during his lifetime, but faded into obscurity in the decades following his death. He has been described as \"the most popular French songwriter of all time\" and \"the first superstar of French popular music\".", "title": "Pierre-Jean de Béranger" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Broadly speaking, government phonology (or its descendant, strict-CV phonology) has a greater following in the United Kingdom, whereas optimality theory is predominant in the United States.[citation needed]", "title": "Phonology" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "House music is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago in the early 1980s. It was initially popularized in Chicago, circa 1984. House music quickly spread to other American cities such as Detroit, New York City, and Newark – all of which developed their own regional scenes. In the mid-to-late 1980s, house music became popular in Europe as well as major cities in South America, and Australia. Early house music commercial success in Europe saw songs such as \"Pump Up The Volume\" by MARRS (1987), \"House Nation\" by House Master Boyz and the Rude Boy of House (1987), \"Theme from S'Express\" by S'Express (1988) and \"Doctorin' the House\" by Coldcut (1988) in the pop charts. Since the early to mid-1990s, house music has been infused in mainstream pop and dance music worldwide.", "title": "House music" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1968 Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle published The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), the basis for generative phonology. In this view, phonological representations are sequences of segments made up of distinctive features. These features were an expansion of earlier work by Roman Jakobson, Gunnar Fant, and Morris Halle. The features describe aspects of articulation and perception, are from a universally fixed set, and have the binary values + or −. There are at least two levels of representation: underlying representation and surface phonetic representation. Ordered phonological rules govern how underlying representation is transformed into the actual pronunciation (the so-called surface form). An important consequence of the influence SPE had on phonological theory was the downplaying of the syllable and the emphasis on segments. Furthermore, the generativists folded morphophonology into phonology, which both solved and created problems.", "title": "Phonology" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``This Ole House ''(sometimes written`` This Old House'') is a popular song written by Stuart Hamblen, and published in 1954. Rosemary Clooney's version reached the top of the popular music charts in both the US and the UK in 1954. The song again topped the UK chart in 1981 in a recording by Shakin 'Stevens.", "title": "This Ole House" } ]

[ { "answer": "the United Kingdom,", "id": 10725, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Where is government phonology popular?", "raw_question": "Where is government phonology popular?", "statement": "Government phonology is popular in the United Kingdom." }, { "answer": "UK", "id": 695397, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "the United Kingdom, >> follows", "raw_question": "#1 >> follows", "statement": "The United Kingdom follows government phonology." }, { "answer": "underground Pirate Radio stations and DJs", "id": 11672, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "what helped to bolster house music in the UK ?", "raw_question": "what helped to bolster house music in the #2 ?", "statement": "Underground Pirate Radio stations and DJs helped to bolster house music in the UK." } ]

[ "pirate radio", "Pirate radio", "pirate radio stations" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.", "title": "Africa" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Güferhorn is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located between the valleys of Vals and Hinterrhein in Graubünden. At 3,379 metres above sea level it is the highest summit of the Lepontine Alps lying east of the Rheinwaldhorn. The northern side of the massif is covered by the Güfergletscher, a 2 kilometres long glacier. It lies above 2,600 metres on the east side of a ridge starting at the summit of the Güferhorn and separating the valleys of Länta and Canaltal, both converging at the Zervreilasee, south of Vals.", "title": "Güferhorn" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Serre Chevalier is a major ski resort in southeastern France, in the Hautes-Alpes department of the Alps. Near the Parc National des Ecrins, it enjoys a large skiing area, with of slopes and favourable weather, boasting 300 days of sunshine a year. In Serre Chevalier, of the slopes are covered by snow cannons to supplement natural snowfall. It is owned by Compagnie des Alpes.", "title": "Serre Chevalier" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mummel River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Mummel River" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Alps cover 65% of Switzerland's total 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi) surface area, making it one of the most alpine countries. Despite the fact that Switzerland covers only 14% of the Alps total 192,753 square kilometres (74,422 sq mi) area, 48 out of 82 alpine four - thousanders are located in the Swiss Alps and practically all of the remaining 34 are within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the country's border.", "title": "Swiss Alps" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. The Huns were victorious.", "title": "Battle of the Tanais River" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An Antarctic oasis is a large area naturally free of snow and ice in the otherwise ice-covered continent of Antarctica.", "title": "Antarctic oasis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Stellihorn is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking the lake of Mattmark in the canton of Valais. It lies south of Saas-Almagell in the upper valley of Saas. The north side is covered by a glacier named \"Nollen Gletscher\".", "title": "Stellihorn" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mehi River, a watercourse that is part of the Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Orana district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Mehi River" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wallingat River, a watercourse of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Wallingat River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Queequeg () is a conspicuous, partly snow-covered mountain with three conical summits, the highest 900 m, situated in eastern Aristotle Mountains between the mouths of Starbuck and Stubb Glaciers on the east coast of Graham Land in Antarctica.", "title": "Mount Queequeg" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Port of Brookings Harbor is the port authority for the city of Brookings, Oregon, United States, and serving the neighboring community of Harbor. The district covers from the mouth of the Chetco River south to the Oregon-California border, north to the mouth of the Pistol River, and east to the Curry-Josephine county line. The district is governed by a five-member commission elected at-large from the district population of approximately 16,000.", "title": "Port of Brookings Harbor" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peaks in France, Italy and Switzerland lie in the \"Houillière zone\", which consists of basement with sediments from the Mesozoic Era. High \"massifs\" with external sedimentary cover are more common in the Western Alps and were affected by Neogene Period thin-skinned thrusting whereas the Eastern Alps have comparatively few high peaked massifs. Similarly the peaks in Switzerland extending to western Austria (Helvetic nappes) consist of thin-skinned sedimentary folding that detached from former basement rock.", "title": "Alps" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria River, a watercourse of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Maria River (Australia)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.", "title": "Palermo" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. Although the area is only about 11 percent of the surface area of Europe, the Alps provide up to 90 percent of water to lowland Europe, particularly to arid areas and during the summer months. Cities such as Milan depend on 80 percent of water from Alpine runoff. Water from the rivers is used in over 500 hydroelectricity power plants, generating as much as 2900 kilowatts of electricity.", "title": "Alps" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Bass to Mouth\" is the tenth episode of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\", and the 219th episode overall. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 19, 2011. Much of the episode's plot alludes to WikiLeaks and its surrounding controversy.", "title": "Bass to Mouth" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Modern History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering European intellectual, political, and cultural history, published by the University of Chicago Press. Established in 1929, the journal covers events from approximately 1500 to the present, with a geographical scope extending from the United Kingdom through the European continent, including Russia and the Balkans.", "title": "The Journal of Modern History" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.", "title": "Tikhaya Sosna River" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Vida is a hypersaline lake in Victoria Valley, the northernmost of the large McMurdo Dry Valleys, on the continent of Antarctica. It is isolated under year-round ice cover, and is considerably more saline than seawater. It came to public attention in 2002 when microbes frozen in its ice cover for more than 2,800 years were successfully thawed and reanimated.", "title": "Lake Vida" } ]

[ { "answer": "Don", "id": 312602, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Tikhaya Sosna >> mouth of the watercourse", "raw_question": "Tikhaya Sosna >> mouth of the watercourse", "statement": "The mouth of the Tikhaya Sosna watercourse is the Don." }, { "answer": "Europe", "id": 629330, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Don >> continent", "raw_question": "#1 >> continent", "statement": "The Don is a watercourse in Europe." }, { "answer": "11 percent of the surface area", "id": 9428, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "How much of Europe does the Alps cover?", "raw_question": "How much of #2 does the Alps cover?", "statement": "The Alps cover 11 percent of the surface area of Europe." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One acre equals 0.0015625 square miles, 4,840 square yards, 43,560 square feet or about 4,047 square metres (0.4047 hectares) (see below). While all modern variants of the acre contain 4,840 square yards, there are alternative definitions of a yard, so the exact size of an acre depends on which yard it is based. Originally, an acre was understood as a selion of land sized at forty perches (660 ft, or 1 furlong) long and four perches (66 ft) wide; this may have also been understood as an approximation of the amount of land a yoke of oxen could plough in one day. A square enclosing one acre is approximately 69.57 yards, or 208 feet 9 inches (63.61 metres) on a side. As a unit of measure, an acre has no prescribed shape; any area of 43,560 square feet is an acre.", "title": "Acre" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Larchmont Chronicle is a monthly community newspaper serving Larchmont Village, Hancock Park, Windsor Square, Fremont Place, Park La Brea and Miracle Mile in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is independently owned.", "title": "Larchmont Chronicle" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma City Police Department, has a uniformed force of 1,169 officers and 300+ civilian employees. The Department has a central police station and five substations covering 2,500 police reporting districts that average 1/4 square mile in size.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size.", "title": "Sydney" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Red Desert is a high altitude desert and sagebrush steppe located in south central Wyoming, comprising approximately 9,320 square miles (24,000 km). Among the natural features in the Red Desert region are the Great Divide Basin, a unique endorheic drainage basin formed by a division in the Continental Divide, and the Killpecker Sand Dunes, the largest living dune system in the United States. In the 19th century, the Oregon, California and Mormon Trails crossed the Continental Divide at South Pass, just north of the Red Desert. Today, busy Interstate 80 bisects the desert's southern region while gas field roads cross the desert.", "title": "Red Desert (Wyoming)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2000, there were 1,651 people, 666 households, and 440 families residing in the county. The population density was 0.39 people per square mile (0.15/km²). There were 1,025 housing units at an average density of 0.25 per square mile (0.09/km²).", "title": "Eureka County, Nevada" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Theme from \"New York, New York\"\" (or \"New York, New York\") is the theme song from the Martin Scorsese film \"New York, New York\" (1977), composed by John Kander, with lyrics by Fred Ebb. It was written for and performed in the film by Liza Minnelli. It remains one of the best-known songs about New York City. In 2004 it finished #31 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American Cinema.", "title": "Theme from New York, New York" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 620.34 square miles (1,606.7 km2), of which, 601.11 square miles (1,556.9 km2) of it is land and 19.23 square miles (49.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 3.09 percent water.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 436 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 431 square miles (1,120 km2) is land and 5.0 square miles (13 km2) (1.2%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Wisconsin by total area.", "title": "Washington County, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 8,491,079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents). In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion, while in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries, respectively.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The rooks are placed on the outside corners, right and left edge. The knights are placed immediately inside of the rooks. The bishops are placed immediately inside of the knights. The queen is placed on the central square of the same color of that of the player: white queen on the white square and black queen on the black square. The king takes the vacant spot next to the queen. The pawns are placed one square in front of all of the other pieces.", "title": "Rules of chess" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,070 square miles (2,800 km2), of which 1,067 square miles (2,760 km2) is land and 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) (0.3%) is water.", "title": "Gonzales County, Texas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1,189 sq mi (3,080 km) park is roughly the size of the U.S. state of Rhode Island and contains thousands of lakes and ponds, 1,600 miles (2,600 km) of streams, 800 miles (1,300 km) of hiking trails, and 350 miles (560 km) of roads. Two federally designated Wild and Scenic Rivers, the Merced and the Tuolumne, begin within Yosemite's borders and flow westward through the Sierra foothills, into the Central Valley of California. On average, about 4 million people visit the park each year, with most visitor use concentrated in the seven - square - mile (18 km) area of Yosemite Valley.", "title": "Yosemite National Park" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2000, there are 84,084 people, 44,497 households, and 16,775 families in the city. The population density is 10,178.7 inhabitants per square mile (3,930.4/km²). There are 47,863 housing units at an average density of 5,794.0 per square mile (2,237.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 78.29% White, 7.25% Asian, 3.78% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 5.97% from other races, and 4.13% from two or more races. 13.44% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 44,497 households, out of which 15.8% have children under the age of 18, 27.5% are married couples living together, 7.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 62.3% are non-families. 51.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 1.83 and the average family size is 2.80.", "title": "Santa Monica, California" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Miglia Quadrato is an annual car treasure hunt which takes place on the second or third weekend in May within the City of London (known as the 'Square Mile'). It is organised by the United Hospitals and University of London Motoring Club (UHULMC). The event has a long history - the fifty-ninth event took place on the evening/morning of 18/19 May 2019.", "title": "Miglia Quadrato" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York covers 54,555 square miles (141,300 km) and ranks as the 27th largest state by size. The highest elevation in New York is Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks, at 5,344 feet (1,629 meters) above sea level; while the state's lowest point is at sea level, on the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "New York (state)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Flora the Red Menace is a musical with a book by George Abbott and Robert Russell, music by John Kander, and lyrics by Fred Ebb. The original 1965 production starred Liza Minnelli in the title role in her Broadway debut, for which she won a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. This was the first collaboration between Kander and Ebb, who later wrote Broadway and Hollywood hits such as \"Cabaret\" and \"Chicago\".", "title": "Flora the Red Menace" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Counties of Georgia Location State of Georgia Number 159 Populations Greatest: 1,010,562 (Fulton) Least: 1,680 (Taliaferro) Average: 64,845 (2016) Areas Largest: 903 square miles (2,340 km) (Ware) Smallest: 121 square miles (310 km) (Clarke) Average: 374 square miles (970 km) Government County government Subdivisions Cities, towns, unincorporated communities, census designated place", "title": "List of counties in Georgia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Before the secession of Texas, Mexico comprised almost 1,700,000 sq mi (4,400,000 km), but by 1849 it was just under 800,000 square miles (2,100,000 km). Another 30,000 square miles (78,000 km) were sold to the U.S. in the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, so the total reduction of Mexican territory was more than 55%, or 900,000 square miles (2,300,000 km).", "title": "Mexican–American War" } ]

[ { "answer": "Fred Ebb", "id": 223640, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Flora the Red Menace >> lyrics by", "raw_question": "Flora the Red Menace >> lyrics by", "statement": "Fred Ebb, the lyricist of Flora the Red Menace, died in a city that covers 302.6 square miles." }, { "answer": "New York City", "id": 533132, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Fred Ebb >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "New York City covers 302.6 square miles." }, { "answer": "305", "id": 1660, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "What is the size of New York City in square miles?", "raw_question": "What is the size of #2 in square miles?", "statement": "New York City covers 305 square miles." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Korean War, Hyon served as Kim Il-sung's bodyguard, a role which gave him \"a place in North Korea's revolutionary history\". He was director of the General Logistics Department of the Korean People's Army from 1986 to 1995, when he was appointed deputy director of the General Political Department, becoming one of the senior most members of the North Korean military and political leadership. He has been described as being in \"close proximity\" to Kim Jong-il, and as reporting directly to him. It had been suggested that, following Kim Jong-il's death, he may have taken part in a military council leadership of the country. He was transferred to director of the Standing Bureau of the National Defence Commission. He has been a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 1991.", "title": "Hyon Chol-hae" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Armenia in London is the diplomatic mission of Armenia in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1992.", "title": "Embassy of Armenia, London" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, \"man's best friend\", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pulling loads, in addition to their roles as companions. In 1957, a husky-terrier mix named Laika became the first animal to orbit the Earth.", "title": "Dog" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Iranian Embassy siege took place from 30 April to 5 May 1980, after a group of six armed men stormed the Iranian embassy in South Kensington, London. The gunmen, members of an Iranian Arab group campaigning for Arab national sovereignty in the southern Iranian region of Khuzestan Province, took 26 people hostage -- mostly embassy staff, but also several visitors as well as a police officer who had been guarding the embassy. They demanded the release of Arab prisoners from prisons in Khuzestan and their own safe passage out of the United Kingdom. Margaret Thatcher's government quickly resolved that safe passage would not be granted, and a siege ensued. Over the following days, police negotiators secured the release of five hostages in exchange for minor concessions, such as the broadcasting of the hostage - takers' demands on British television.", "title": "Iranian Embassy siege" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abel Tarride (1865–1951) was a French actor. He was the father of the actor Jacques Tarride and the director Jean Tarride. He played the role of Jules Maigret in the 1932 film \"The Yellow Dog\", directed by his son.", "title": "Abel Tarride" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs\" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month-old puppy were found buried together). However, pet dog populations grew significantly after World War II as suburbanization increased. In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today (using the expression \"in the doghouse\" to describe exclusion from the group signifies the distance between the doghouse and the home) and were still primarily functional, acting as a guard, children's playmate, or walking companion. From the 1980s, there have been changes in the role of the pet dog, such as the increased role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians. People and dogs have become increasingly integrated and implicated in each other's lives, to the point where pet dogs actively shape the way a family and home are experienced.", "title": "Dog" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Armenia–Singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Armenia and Singapore. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Embassy of Armenia in Beijing, China is accredited to Singapore. Singapore has no representation in Armenia.", "title": "Armenia–Singapore relations" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 -- February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer. Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles -- typically lowlifes, eccentrics, bullies, and misfits -- Hoffman acted in many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46.", "title": "Philip Seymour Hoffman" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Rome is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Italian Republic. The chancery is located at Via P.P.Rubens 20, Rome.", "title": "Embassy of Poland, Rome" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Oslo is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Kingdom of Norway, the ambassador, however, is also accredited to the Republic of Iceland. The chancery is located at Olav Kyrres Plass 1, Oslo.", "title": "Embassy of Poland in Oslo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation.", "title": "List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victor Edwin French (December 4, 1934 -- June 15, 1989) was an American actor and director. He is remembered for roles on the television programs Little House on the Prairie, Highway to Heaven and Carter Country.", "title": "Victor French" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed.", "title": "Embassy of Bulgaria, London" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The expression originally referred to a method of treatment of a rabid dog bite by placing hair from the dog in the bite wound. Ebenezer Cobham Brewer writes in the Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1898): ``In Scotland it is a popular belief that a few hairs of the dog that bit you applied to the wound will prevent evil consequences. Applied to drinks, it means, if overnight you have indulged too freely, take a glass of the same wine within 24 hours to soothe the nerves. 'If this dog do you bite, soon as out of your bed, take a hair of the tail the next day.' ''He also cites two apocryphal poems containing the phrase, one of which is attributed to Aristophanes. It is possible that the phrase was used to justify an existing practice, and the idea of Latin: similia similibus curantur (`` like cures like'') dates back at least to the time of Hippocrates and exists today as the basic postulate of classical homeopathy. In the 1930s cocktails known as Corpse Revivers were served in hotels.", "title": "Hair of the dog" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rabid Dogs () is an Italian film directed by Mario Bava, starring Riccardo Cucciolla, Don Backy, Lea Lander, Maurice Poli, George Eastman and Erika Dario. Taking place largely in real time, the film follows a trio of payroll robbers who kidnap a young woman and force a man with a sick child to be their getaway driver, all while trying to avoid being caught by the police.", "title": "Rabid Dogs" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway’s independence. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, lasting from 1940 until 1945. Germany has an embassy in Oslo, and Norway has an embassy in Berlin and two consulates, in Düsseldorf and Hamburg.", "title": "Germany–Norway relations" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Rome as Giacomo Guerrini, Guerrini entered the cinema industry in 1954 as screenwriter in Marcello Pagliero's \"Vergine moderna\"; after several collaborations (including the screenplay of Mario Bava's \"The Girl Who Knew Too Much\") he made his directorial debut in an episode of the film \"Amore in quattro dimensioni\" and from then started a prolific career, mainly focused on comedy films. He was also a character actor, often in his own films; as actor he's probably best known for the role of Nino in Damiano Damiani's \"La rimpatriata\".", "title": "Mino Guerrini" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, airlines and cemeteries. While dog training as an organized activity can be traced back to the 18th century, in the last decades of the 20th century it became a high profile issue as many normal dog behaviors such as barking, jumping up, digging, rolling in dung, fighting, and urine marking (which dogs do to establish territory through scent), became increasingly incompatible with the new role of a pet dog. Dog training books, classes and television programs proliferated as the process of commodifying the pet dog continued.", "title": "Dog" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Valerie Kathleen Lehman (née Willis) (born 15 March 1943), known as Val Lehman, is an Australian actress and director, best known for her role as the protagonist ``Top Dog ''Bea Smith in the Australian TV series Prisoner (known internationally as Prisoner: Cell Block H).", "title": "Val Lehman" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1960 to 2018, a total of 125 human rabies cases were reported in the United States; 36 (28%) were attributed to dog bites during international travel. Among the 89 infections acquired in the United States, 62 (70%) were attributed to bats.While canine-specific rabies does not circulate among dogs, about a hundred dogs become infected from other wildlife per year in the US. Rabies is common among wild animals in the United States. Bats, raccoons, skunks and foxes account for almost all reported cases (98% in 2009). Rabid bats are found in all 48 contiguous states. Other reservoirs are more limited geographically; for example, the raccoon rabies virus variant is only found in a relatively narrow band along the East Coast. Due to a high public awareness of the virus, efforts at vaccination of domestic animals and curtailment of feral populations, and availability of postexposure prophylaxis, incidence of rabies in humans is very rare. A total of 49 cases of the disease was reported in the country between 1995 and 2011; of these, 11 are thought to have been acquired abroad. Almost all domestically acquired cases are attributed to bat bites.", "title": "Rabies" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mario Bava", "id": 117602, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Who had the role of director in Rabid Dogs?", "raw_question": "Who had the role of director in Rabid Dogs?", "statement": "Mario Bava had the role of director in Rabid Dogs." }, { "answer": "Rome", "id": 470455, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Mario Bava >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Mario Bava died in Rome." }, { "answer": "Italian Republic", "id": 366897, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Embassy of Poland, Rome >> country", "raw_question": "Embassy of Poland, #2 >> country", "statement": "The Embassy of Poland is in the country of Italian Republic." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakistani Punjab. From west to east, these are: the Indus, Jhelum, Beas, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. Nearly 60% of Pakistan's population lives in the Punjab. It is the nation's only province that touches every other province; it also surrounds the federal enclave of the national capital city at Islamabad. In the acronym P-A-K-I-S-T-A-N, the P is for Punjab.", "title": "Punjab, Pakistan" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ICAC Investigators 2009 (Traditional Chinese: 廉政行動2009; literally \"Upright Government Walk Movement 2009\") () is the 2009 installment of the ICAC Investigator series, produced by Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) and RTHK. It is broadcast on TVB Jade channel. Each criminal case is based on actual cases investigated by the ICAC.", "title": "ICAC Investigators 2009" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The discography of GNR (an acronym of \"Grupo Novo Rock\"), a Porto, Portuguese-based post-punk group, consists of ten studio albums, nine singles, one live albums, four extended plays and three compilation albums. This list does not include material performed by members or former members of GNR that was recorded with associated acts.", "title": "GNR discography" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Love Is a Battlefield ''is a song performed by Pat Benatar, and written by Holly Knight and Mike Chapman. It was released in September 1983 as a single from Benatar's live album Live from Earth, though the song itself was a studio recording. The song was ranked at number 30 in VH1's list of the 100 Greatest Songs of the 1980s.`` Love is a Battlefield'' went on to sell over a million records.", "title": "Love Is a Battlefield" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Congressional oversight is oversight by the United States Congress over the Executive Branch, including the numerous U.S. federal agencies. Congressional oversight includes the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation. Congress exercises this power largely through its congressional committee system. Oversight also occurs in a wide variety of congressional activities and contexts. These include authorization, appropriations, investigative, and legislative hearings by standing committees; specialized investigations by select committees; and reviews and studies by congressional support agencies and staff.", "title": "Congressional oversight" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Will to Love\" is a song written by Neil Young that was first released on his 1977 album \"American Stars 'N Bars\". A promotional single of \"Will to Love\" was released, backed with a live performance of \"Cortez the Killer.\"", "title": "Will to Love" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Hello It's Me ''is a song composed, recorded, and performed by Todd Rundgren. Released as a single in September 1973, it reached no. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.", "title": "Hello It's Me" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Highway Patrol is the primary law enforcement entity that concentrates on highway safety regulations and general non-wildlife state law enforcement and is under the jurisdiction of the Tennessee Department of Safety. The TWRA is an independent agency tasked with enforcing all wildlife, boating, and fisheries regulations outside of state parks. The TBI maintains state-of-the-art investigative facilities and is the primary state-level criminal investigative department. Tennessee State Park Rangers are responsible for all activities and law enforcement inside the Tennessee State Parks system.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kevin J. Jacobsen (born January 29, 1958) is a retired United States Air Force Brigadier General (Special Agent) who served as the 16th Commander of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI), Quantico, VA. This field operating agency is responsible for providing commanders of U.S. Air Force activities independent, professional investigative services regarding fraud, counterintelligence, and major criminal matters. The investigations are conducted by a worldwide network of military and civilian special agents stationed at major U.S. Air Force installations and a variety of special operating locations.", "title": "Kevin J. Jacobsen" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Hello Love\" is a 1974 single by Hank Snow. \"Hello Love\" was Snow's seventh and final number one on the U.S. country singles chart, and his first number one in twelve years. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of ten weeks on the chart.", "title": "Hello Love (song)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Criminal Investigator II (Traditional Chinese: O記實錄II; lit. \"The O Files II\") is a 1996 Hong Kong police procedural television drama. Produced by Jonathan Chik with a screenplay edited by Chow Yuk-ming and Chiu Ching-yung, the drama is a TVB production and the direct sequel to 1995's \"The Criminal Investigator\". The story follows a team of investigators from the Organized Crime and Triad Bureau (OCTB) unit of the Royal Hong Kong Police Force.", "title": "The Criminal Investigator II" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Time for Loving (released in Italy as Sapore di mare) is a 1983 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Vanzina. It obtained a great commercial success and launched a short-living subgenre of revival-nostalgic comedy films. It also generated a sequel, \"Sapore di mare 2 - Un anno dopo\". For her performance in this film Virna Lisi won a David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress and a Silver Ribbon in the same category.", "title": "Time for Loving" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Knots Landing is an American prime time television soap opera that aired on CBS from December 27, 1979, to May 13, 1993. A spin-off of \"Dallas\", it was set in a fictitious coastal suburb of Los Angeles and initially centered on the lives of four married couples living in a cul-de-sac, Seaview Circle. By the time of its conclusion, storylines had included rape, murder, kidnapping, assassinations, drug smuggling, corporate intrigue, and criminal investigations; and was the longest-running primetime drama on U.S. television after \"Gunsmoke\" and \"Bonanza\".", "title": "Knots Landing" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Your Love Is a Song\" was written and recorded by the alternative rock band Switchfoot. It was first released as a single to the iTunes Store in Australia, and became the third radio single from the band's seventh studio album, \"Hello Hurricane\".", "title": "Your Love Is a Song" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winston Mackinley Scott (1909 – 26 April 1971) was a Central Intelligence Agency officer who served as Mexico City station chief from 1956 to 1969, having joined the Office of Strategic Services in 1943 from the Federal Bureau of Investigation.", "title": "Winston M. Scott" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cornell wrote ``Say Hello 2 Heaven ''as a tribute to his roommate, Mother Love Bone vocalist Andrew Wood, who at the time had recently died of a heroin overdose.", "title": "Say Hello 2 Heaven" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Have a Little Faith in Me ''is a song written and performed by John Hiatt that appears on his 1987 album Bring the Family. His version of the song has also appeared on the soundtracks of the movies The Theory of Flight (1998), Look Who's Talking Now (1993), Benny & Joon (1993), Cake with Heather Graham (2005), My Best Friend's Girl (2008), and Love Happens (2009). Live versions were included on 1994's Hiatt Comes Alive at Budokan? and 2005's Live from Austin, TX. The song has been included in all of his greatest hits collections, including 1998's The Best of John Hiatt (as a new, rerecorded version) and Greatest Hits -- The A&M Years' 87 - '94, 2001's Anthology, 2003's 20th Century Masters and the 2005 box set Chronicles.", "title": "Have a Little Faith in Me" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reichskriminalpolizeiamt (RKPA), was Nazi Germany's central criminal investigation department, founded in 1936 after the Prussian central criminal investigation department \"(Landeskriminalpolizeiamt)\" became the national criminal investigation department for Germany. It was merged, along with the secret state police department, the \"Geheime Staatspolizei\" (Gestapo) as two sub-branch departments of the \"Sicherheitspolizei\" (SiPo). The SiPo was under Reinhard Heydrich's overall command. In September 1939, with the founding of the \"Reichssicherheitshauptamt\" (Reich Main Security office; RSHA), the \"Sicherheitspolizei\" as a functioning state agency ceased to exist as the department was merged into the RSHA.", "title": "Reichskriminalpolizeiamt" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Snow moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1949, and \"Hank Snow, the Singing Ranger\" (modified from his earlier nickname, the Yodeling Ranger), began recording for RCA Victor in the United States in 1949. His first release in the United States, \"Marriage Vow\" climbed to number ten on the country charts in the fall of 1949; However, it wasn't until he was invited to play at the Grand Ole Opry in 1950 that he gained serious significance in the United States. His second release in early 1950, \"I'm Moving On\" was the first of seven number 1 hits on the country charts. \"I'm Moving On\" stayed at the top for 21 weeks, setting the all-time record for most weeks at number 1.", "title": "Hank Snow" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the acronym PIDE was only formally used from 1945 to 1969, the set of successive secret polices that existed during the 40 years of the \"Estado Novo\" regime are commonly referred to as the PIDE. Historically, this set of police agencies is also often referred as PIDE/DGS, from the acronyms of its two last designations. It is referred to in this last way in article 293 of the Portuguese Constitution, which states its criminalization and judgment of its former officers.", "title": "PIDE" } ]

[ { "answer": "Hank Snow", "id": 709382, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Hello Love >> performer", "raw_question": "Hello Love >> performer", "statement": "Hank Snow was the performer of the song Hello Love." }, { "answer": "Tennessee", "id": 146811, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What city did Hank Snow live when he died?", "raw_question": "What city did #1 live when he died?", "statement": "Note: Hank Snow did not die in Tennessee. He died in Monroe, Nova Scotia, Canada.\n\nSince the sub-ques is asking about the city where Hank Snow lived when he died, the correct answer is Monroe, Nova Scotia, Canada.\n\nHowever, since the comp-ques is asking about the statewide criminal investigation agency in the state containing the city where Hank Snow died, the correct answer would be the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), which is the national police force of Canada, not a statewide agency." }, { "answer": "TBI", "id": 31355, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "What is the acronym for Tennessee 's statewide criminal investigation agency?", "raw_question": "What is the acronym for #2 's statewide criminal investigation agency?", "statement": "The acronym for Tennessee's statewide criminal investigation agency is TBI." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flamiche is a specialty of Picardy (located in northern France), and a puff pastry tart made with leeks and cream. The pastry is made of a brioche type dough. It resembles a quiche. It is also a speciality of Dinant and of Walloon cuisine, a tart made from a base of low-fat cheese (boulette de Romedenne) butter and eggs, is eaten hot and traditionally accompanied by Savigny, a Burgundy wine. This is traditionally a very tasty \"pie\" and shares a lot of the same traits as a pizza.", "title": "Flamiche" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Commodore Hotel is an Art Deco-style former hotel building in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was built in 1925 and designed by Herman Brookman. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.", "title": "Commodore Hotel (Portland, Oregon)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New Haven's greatest culinary claim to fame may be its pizza, which has been claimed to be among the best in the country, or even in the world. New Haven-style pizza, called \"apizza\" (pronounced ah-BEETS, [aˈpitts] in the original Italian dialect), made its debut at the iconic Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana (known as Pepe's) in 1925. Apizza is baked in coal- or wood-fired brick ovens, and is notable for its thin crust. Apizza may be red (with a tomato-based sauce) or white (with a sauce of garlic and olive oil), and pies ordered \"plain\" are made without the otherwise customary mozzarella cheese (originally smoked mozzarella, known as \"scamorza\" in Italian). A white clam pie is a well-known specialty of the restaurants on Wooster Street in the Little Italy section of New Haven, including Pepe's and Sally's Apizza (which opened in 1938). Modern Apizza on State Street, which opened in 1934, is also well-known.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peppi & Kokki were a Laurel & Hardy-style double act from the Netherlands; they had their own television series in the 1970s. Gerard van Essen (1924–1997) played fat Peppi, Herman Kortekaas (1930) played lean Kokki.", "title": "Peppi & Kokki" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California, in the northern Mojave Desert bordering the Great Basin Desert. It is one of the hottest places in the world along with deserts in the Middle East.", "title": "Death Valley" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Etli ekmek is a pizza-like dish which originated in Konya in Turkey (also known as Etli pide).“Etli ekmek” means \"bread with meat\" in Turkish. It is very common in cities in the central regions of Turkey.", "title": "Etli ekmek" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From the 10th to the 13th century, Romanesque architecture had become a pan-European style and manner of construction, affecting buildings in countries as far apart as Ireland, Croatia, Sweden and Sicily. The same wide geographic area was then affected by the development of Gothic architecture, but the acceptance of the Gothic style and methods of construction differed from place to place, as did the expressions of Gothic taste. The proximity of some regions meant that modern country borders do not define divisions of style. On the other hand, some regions such as England and Spain produced defining characteristics rarely seen elsewhere, except where they have been carried by itinerant craftsmen, or the transfer of bishops. Regional differences that are apparent in the great abbey churches and cathedrals of the Romanesque period often become even more apparent in the Gothic.", "title": "Gothic architecture" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lancashire has a long and highly productive tradition of music making. In the early modern era the county shared in the national tradition of balladry, including perhaps the finest border ballad, \"The Ballad of Chevy Chase\", thought to have been composed by the Lancashire-born minstrel Richard Sheale. The county was also a common location for folk songs, including \"The Lancashire Miller\", \"Warrington Ale\" and \"The soldier's farewell to Manchester\", while Liverpool, as a major seaport, was the subject of many sea shanties, including \"The Leaving of Liverpool\" and \"Maggie May\", beside several local Wassailing songs. In the Industrial Revolution changing social and economic patterns helped create new traditions and styles of folk song, often linked to migration and patterns of work. These included processional dances, often associated with rushbearing or the Wakes Week festivities, and types of step dance, most famously clog dancing.", "title": "Lancashire" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Umm Al Sheif () is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Umm Al Sheif is a small, residential locality in western Dubai. It is bordered to the north by Umm Suqeim, the northeast by Al Manara, the south by Al Barsha and Al Quoz and the west by Al Sufouh. It is bounded to the north by route D 92 (Al Wasl Road) and to the south by route E 11 (Sheikh Zayed Road). A local road (Al Thaniya Road) separates Umm Al Sheif from Al Manara.", "title": "Umm Al Sheif" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Arabic: اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْإٍسْـلَامِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ ‎, Al - Faṫṫḥul - Islāmiyyuash - Shām) or Arab conquest of the Levant (Arabic: اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْـعَـرَبِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ ‎, Al - Faṫṫḥul - ʿArabiyyu Lish - Shām) occurred in the first half of the 7th century, and refers to the conquest of the region known as the Levant or Shaam (Arabic: شَـام ‎, 'Syria'), later to become the Islamic Province of Bilad al - Sham, as part of the Islamic conquests. Arab Muslim forces had appeared on the southern borders even before the death of prophet Muhammad in 632, resulting in the Battle of Mu'tah in 629, but the real invasion began in 634 under his successors, the Rashidun Caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Khattab, with Khalid ibn al - Walid as their most important military leader.", "title": "Muslim conquest of the Levant" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place.", "title": "Prime Minister of Iraq" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eddie Schwartz, writer of the song, said that he came up with the title of the song after attending a ``pillow punching ''therapy session in Toronto, but stated that the title is to be taken metaphorically. The song is in E major and features a general chord progression of I - IV - vi - V, with occasional added chords built on passing and neighboring tones, although Benatar has commented that in hindsight she would have preferred to replace the C# minor (vi) chord with F# minor (ii). The song was released as a single in the USA, and possibly other markets, in a mix with an additional lead guitar track. The song was later one of the songs available to put on a free mail - order customized mix CD with every pizza order as a part of a Pizza Hut promotion for their`` New Yorker'' - style pizza.", "title": "Hit Me with Your Best Shot" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Your Heart's in Good Hands is American singer Al Green's 26th album, his first after a hiatus from secular music, released by RCA Records in 1995. Described as \"a solid project that approaches the Rev. Green's classic work with Hi Records\", the album was said to capture much of Al Green's early vocal sound, keeping true to his original style but also adding modern elements. \"Keep On Pushing Love\", a single released from the album, produced by Arthur Baker and co-written with Lotti Golden, Al Green and Tommy Faragher invokes \"the original, sparse sound of his [Green's] early classics.\" \"Your Heart's in Good Hands\", a single produced by Narada Michael Walden and written by Diane Warren, was also released from the LP.", "title": "Your Heart's in Good Hands" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Notre Dame High School (NDWH) is a private, Roman Catholic, all-male college preparatory school located in West Haven, Connecticut, a coastal suburb of New Haven, Connecticut.", "title": "Notre Dame High School (West Haven, Connecticut)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pizzelle were originally made in Ortona, in the Abruzzo region of Southern Italy. The name shares an etymology with the Italian word \"pizza\". Many other cultures have developed a pizzelle-type cookie as part of their culture (for example, the Norwegian Krumkake). It is known to be one of the oldest cookies, and is believed to have developed from the ancient Roman \"crustulum\".", "title": "Pizzelle" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Topton, Pennsylvania, Herman died in West Haven, Connecticut as a result of injuries sustained in a midget car crash at the West Haven Speedway. Herman was involved in a multi-car crash on the first lap of the feature race and his car rolled. He drove in the American Automobile Association (AAA) and United States Automobile Club (USAC) Championship Car series, racing in the 1955-1957 and 1959-1960 seasons with 11 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races in each of those years. He finished in the top ten 3 times, with his best finish in 7th position, in the 1955 Indianapolis 500, earning him Rookie of the Year.", "title": "Al Herman" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Year of the Cat ''Single by Al Stewart from the album Year of the Cat B - side`` Broadway Hotel'' Released July 1976 (1976 - 07) (UK) October 1976 (US) Recorded Abbey Road Studios, London, England, January 1976 Genre Soft rock progressive pop Length 6: 40 (album) 4: 38 (single) Label RCA (UK) Janus (US) Songwriter (s) Al Stewart, Peter Wood Producer (s) Alan Parsons Al Stewart singles chronology ``Carol ''(1975)`` Year of the Cat'' (1976) ``On the Border ''(1977)`` Carol'' (1975) ``Year of the Cat ''(1976)`` On the Border'' (1977) Audio sample file help", "title": "Year of the Cat (song)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1960, Tom Monaghan and his brother, James, purchased DomiNick's, a small pizza store at 301 West Cross Street in Ypsilanti, Michigan, near Eastern Michigan University. The deal was secured by a $500 down payment, and the brothers borrowed $900 to pay for the store. The brothers planned to split the work hours evenly, but James did n't want to quit his job as a full - time postman to keep up with the demands of the new business. Within eight months, James traded his half of the business to Tom for the Volkswagen Beetle they used for pizza deliveries. By 1965, Tom Monaghan had purchased two additional pizzerias; he now had a total of three locations in the same county. Monaghan wanted the stores to share the same branding, but the original owner forbade him from using the DomiNick's name. One day an employee returned from a pizza delivery and suggested the name Domino's. Monaghan immediately loved the idea and officially renamed the business Domino's Pizza, Inc. in 1965.", "title": "Domino's Pizza" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Foundation () was launched in January 2013 by Khalaf Al Habtoor, Chairman of the Al Habtoor Group with the mission to improve the lives of people in need within the UAE, in addition to providing aid abroad. Twenty per cent of Al Habtoor Group shares have been allocated for the Foundation.", "title": "Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Foundation" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A calzone (US: / kælˈzoʊneɪ, - ni, - ˈzoʊn /, UK: / kælˈtsoʊni, - neɪ /; Italian: (kalˈtsoːne), ``stocking ''or`` trouser'') is an Italian oven - baked folded pizza that originated in Naples. A typical calzone is made from salted bread dough, baked in an oven and is stuffed with salami, ham or vegetables, mozzarella, ricotta and Parmesan or pecorino cheese, as well as an egg. Different regional variations on a calzone can often include other ingredients that are normally associated with pizza toppings.", "title": "Calzone" } ]

[ { "answer": "West Haven", "id": 288125, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Al Herman >> place of death", "raw_question": "Al Herman >> place of death", "statement": "Al Herman died in West Haven." }, { "answer": "New Haven", "id": 233976, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "West Haven >> shares border with", "raw_question": "#1 >> shares border with", "statement": "West Haven shares a border with New Haven." }, { "answer": "Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana", "id": 24086, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Where did New Haven pizza style originated from?", "raw_question": "Where did #2 pizza style originated from?", "statement": "New Haven pizza style originated from Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2004 took place on 10 May 2004 for 32 members of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly. Counting and result was declared on 13 May 2004. Sikkim Democratic Front, a regional political party, won 31 of the 32 assembly seats in this election.", "title": "2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Luisa María de Guadalupe Calderón Hinojosa (born October 23, 1956 in Mexico City) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party who served in the Senate of Mexico from 2000 until September 2006. She is currently senator-elect as a PAN proportional representative. Her term in the senate began in late 2012 and will continue through 2018. \"Cocoa\" (her nickname) is known as a champion for women and minority rights throughout Mexico.", "title": "Luisa María Calderón" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rotpartiet (a Swedish term which can be translated as \"Root Party\" or \"Grassroots Party\") is a local political party in the municipality of Åtvidaberg, Sweden. The party was formed ahead of the 1998 elections, by Åke Hjalmarsson. Hjalmarsson was then dissatisfied with the development of the Åtvidaberg Party. The party won 3 seats in the 1998 elections.", "title": "Rotpartiet" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlos Martínez Gorriarán is a Spanish scholar, born in San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain. After being a member of marxist and basque nationalist movements, he became one of the founding members and spokespersons of ¡Basta Ya! association and head of the Plataforma Pro from which the Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) party emerged in September 2007. In ¡Basta Ya! he was opposed to ETA, and also to the \"obligatory nationalism\" that he considered to be occurring in the Basque Country. He is a member of the Directing and Political counsels of the party.", "title": "Carlos Martínez Gorriarán" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven Presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became President. Two Presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their Vice-Presidents served as Acting Presidents until a new President was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting Presidents held office until the new President, V.V. Giri, was elected. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting President. The 12th President, Pratibha Patil, is the first woman to serve as President of India, elected in 2007. As of November 2017, Ram Nath Kovind is the President of India who was elected on 25 July 2017.", "title": "List of presidents of India" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Koirala entered politics in 1954 inspired by the social-democratic ideals of the Nepali Congress. In 1958 he keenly participated in Bhadra Abagya Aandalon, (Civil Disobedience Movement) launched by the Nepali Congress. In 1959, he actively involved himself in the party's objective of carrying out the democratic elections. The election saw Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala become the first elected prime minister of the country. However, King Mahendra planned and executed a coup in December 1960 and expelled Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala. This resulted in the exile of several members of the Nepali Congress to India, which included Sushil Koirala. He remained in political exile in India for 16 years following the royal takeover of 1960. Koirala also spent three years in Indian prisons for his involvement in a plane hijacking in 1973. While in exile, Koirala was the editor of Tarun, the official party publication. He has been a member of the Central Working Committee of the party since 1979 and was appointed General Secretary of the party in 1996 and Vice President in 1998.", "title": "Sushil Koirala" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2011, the ruling Civic Platform won parliamentary elections. Poland joined the European Space Agency in 2012, as well as organised the UEFA Euro 2012 (along with Ukraine). In 2013, Poland also became a member of the Development Assistance Committee. In 2014, the Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk, was chosen to be President of the European Council, and resigned as prime minister. The 2015 elections were won by the opposition Law and Justice Party (PiS).", "title": "Poland" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since independence Namibia has successfully completed the transition from white minority apartheid rule to parliamentary democracy. Multiparty democracy was introduced and has been maintained, with local, regional and national elections held regularly. Several registered political parties are active and represented in the National Assembly, although the Swapo Party has won every election since independence. The transition from the 15-year rule of President Sam Nujoma to his successor Hifikepunye Pohamba in 2005 went smoothly.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The presidential election was won by Andrés Manuel López Obrador of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), running as the candidate of the Juntos Haremos Historia alliance. This is the first time a candidate won an outright majority (according to official vote counts) since 1988, and the first time that a candidate not from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) or its predecessors has done so since the Mexican Revolution. This election also marked both the worst electoral defeat suffered by the PRI and the worst electoral defeat for a sitting Mexican government since universal suffrage was adopted in the country.", "title": "2018 Mexican general election" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The People's Movement for Progress (, MPP) is a political party in Burkina Faso that was founded on 25 January 2014 by former Congress for Democracy and Progress member Roch Marc Christian Kaboré. Kaboré ran as the party's presidential candidate in the November 2015 general election and was elected in the first round of voting; the MPP also won a plurality of seats in the National Assembly of Burkina Faso. It is a full member of Socialist International, having been admitted in 2016.", "title": "People's Movement for Progress" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2020, scheduled for Tuesday, November 3, 2020, will be the 59th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn will either elect a new president and vice president through the electoral college or reelect the incumbents. The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses are likely to be held during the first six months of 2020. This nominating process is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots selecting a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee.", "title": "2020 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Cuba is one of the world's last remaining socialist countries following the Marxist–Leninist ideology. The Constitution of 1976, which defined Cuba as a socialist republic, was replaced by the Constitution of 1992, which is \"guided by the ideas of José Martí and the political and social ideas of Marx, Engels and Lenin.\" The constitution describes the Communist Party of Cuba as the \"leading force of society and of the state\".The First Secretary of the Communist Party is concurrently President of the Council of State (President of Cuba) and President of the Council of Ministers (sometimes referred to as Prime Minister of Cuba). Members of both councils are elected by the National Assembly of People's Power. The President of Cuba, who is also elected by the Assembly, serves for five years and there is no limit to the number of terms of office.", "title": "Cuba" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Renaissance is a political party in Monaco that represents the interests of SBM employees. They won 10.67% of the popular vote, and 1 out of 24 seats in the legislative elections held on February 10, 2013. The seat was held by Eric Elena. However, the party did not contest the 2018 elections.", "title": "Renaissance (Monaco)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dora Alicia Martínez Valero (born 3 January 1976) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2006 to 2009 she served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Coahuila.", "title": "Dora Martínez Valero" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Communist Party of Canada (French: Parti communiste du Canada, CPC / PCC) is a communist political party in Canada founded in 1921 under conditions of illegality. Although it is now a political party without any elected political representation, the party's candidates have been elected to the Parliament of Canada, the Ontario legislature, the Manitoba legislature, and various municipal governments across the country. The party has also contributed significantly to trade union organizing and labour history in Canada, peace and anti-war activism, and many other social movements.", "title": "Communist Party of Canada" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy or democratic republic, with three branches of power: executive, legislative, and judicial. The president of the Dominican Republic heads the executive branch and executes laws passed by the congress, appoints the cabinet, and is commander in chief of the armed forces. The president and vice-president run for office on the same ticket and are elected by direct vote for 4-year terms. The national legislature is bicameral, composed of a senate, which has 32 members, and the Chamber of Deputies, with 178 members.Judicial authority rests with the Supreme Court of Justice's 16 members. They are appointed by a council composed of the president, the leaders of both houses of Congress, the President of the Supreme Court, and an opposition or non–governing-party member. The court \"alone hears actions against the president, designated members of his Cabinet, and members of Congress when the legislature is in session.\"The Dominican Republic has a multi-party political system. Elections are held every two years, alternating between the presidential elections, which are held in years evenly divisible by four, and the congressional and municipal elections, which are held in even-numbered years not divisible by four. \"International observers have found that presidential and congressional elections since 1996 have been generally free and fair.\" The Central Elections Board (JCE) of nine members supervises elections, and its decisions are unappealable. Starting from 2016, elections will be held jointly, after a constitutional reform.", "title": "Dominican Republic" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote.", "title": "1824 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During Mubarak's presidency, Nasserist political parties began to emerge in Egypt, the first being the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party (ADNP). The party carried minor political influence, and splits between its members beginning in 1995 resulted in the gradual establishment of splinter parties, including Hamdeen Sabahi's 1997 founding of Al-Karama. Sabahi came in third place during the 2012 presidential election. Nasserist activists were among the founders of Kefaya, a major opposition force during Mubarak's rule. On 19 September 2012, four Nasserist parties (the ADNP, Karama, the National Conciliation Party, and the Popular Nasserist Congress Party) merged to form the United Nasserist Party.", "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ontario Libertarian Party Parti libertarien de l'Ontario Active provincial party Leader Rob Ferguson (interim) President Gene Balfour Founded 1975 (1975) Headquarters Toronto, Ontario Ideology Libertarianism Colours Yellow Website www.libertarian.on.ca Politics of Ontario Political parties Elections", "title": "Ontario Libertarian Party" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Friedrich Ebert Foundation (\"German: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; Abbreviation: FES\") is a German political foundation associated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), yet independent of it. Established in 1925 as the political legacy of Friedrich Ebert, Germany's first democratically elected President, it is the largest and oldest of the German party-associated foundations. It is headquartered in Bonn and Berlin, and has offices and projects in over 100 countries. It is Germany's oldest organisation to promote democracy, political education, and promote students of outstanding intellectual abilities and personality.", "title": "Friedrich Ebert Foundation" } ]

[ { "answer": "National Action Party", "id": 340066, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Dora Martínez Valero >> member of political party", "raw_question": "Dora Martínez Valero >> member of political party", "statement": "This sub-question is not relevant to the main question, as it only provides information about Dora Martínez Valero's political party affiliation, but not her country." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "id": 266275, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "National Action Party >> country", "raw_question": "#1 >> country", "statement": "The National Action Party is in Mexico." }, { "answer": "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "id": 54407, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "who won the election for president of Mexico", "raw_question": "who won the election for president of #2", "statement": "Andrés Manuel López Obrador won the election for president of Mexico." } ]

[ "López Obrador" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bilingual Education Act (BEA) (81 Stat. 816), also known as Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1967 (Pub. L. 90 -- 247), approved by the 90th United States Congress on January 2, 1968, and was the first United States federal legislation recognized the needs of limited English speaking ability (LESA) students. The BEA was introduced in 1967 by Texas senator Ralph Yarborough and was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on January 2, 1968. While some states, such as California and Texas, and numerous local school districts around the country already had policies and programs designed to meet the special educational needs of elementary and secondary school students not fluent in the English language, this act signaled that the federal government now also recognized the need for and value of bilingual education programs in U.S. public education. Passed on the heels of the Civil Rights movement, its purpose was to provide school districts with federal funds, in the form of competitive grants, to establish innovative educational programs for students with limited English speaking ability.", "title": "Bilingual Education Act" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, which the host supplies to them. These worms were discovered in the late 1980s at the hydrothermal vents near the Galapagos Islands and have since been found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in all of the world's oceans.", "title": "Symbiosis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "École des Pionniers de Maillardville is a French first language school located in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada. It serves the French speaking population of the Metro Vancouver area.", "title": "École des Pionniers (British Columbia)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Penn State Abington is a commonwealth campus of the Pennsylvania State University and it is located in Abington, Pennsylvania. The campus is set on of wooded land and includes a duck pond, wooded trails, and many species of hardwood trees, The roughly 4000 undergraduate students (full-time and part-time students combined) are taught by a full-time staff of over 150 professors and teaching assistants.", "title": "Penn State Abington" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sedbergh School was a private English language senior school located in Montebello, Quebec, Canada which offers coeducation programs (grade seven to university entrance) and boarding facilities for Canadian and international students. Due to declining enrollment and poor economic forecasts, Sedbergh School closed down operations in June 2010.", "title": "Sedbergh School (Quebec)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glendale High School is an American high school in the southeast area of Springfield, Missouri, near U.S. Route 65. Glendale is one of five public high schools in Springfield Public Schools. In 2010, it had an enrollment of 1,416 students.", "title": "Glendale High School (Missouri)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dalton Ichiro Tanonaka (born June 13, 1954) is an American television executive. He has spent most of his career in Asia, receiving several international and U.S. awards for his journalism work. Tanonaka is also known for his community service, providing scholarships to deserving students and speaking at schools and universities.", "title": "Dalton Tanonaka" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Galápagos Islands and their surrounding waters form the Galápagos Province of Ecuador, the Galápagos National Park, and the Galápagos Marine Reserve. The principal language on the islands is Spanish. The islands have a population of slightly over 25,000.", "title": "Galápagos Islands" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "QSI International School of Sarajevo is an international school in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The language of instruction is English. The curriculum is based on US National Standards with the addition of three foreign languages. The school is funded by tuition fees. Students range from 3 to 18 years of age. The school's Director is Gale Stubbs. The school is located in Vogošća, a quiet suburb of Sarajevo. It has approximately 150 students, representing 37 nationalities.", "title": "Sarajevo International School" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Videoconferencing provides students with the opportunity to learn by participating in two-way communication forums. Furthermore, teachers and lecturers worldwide can be brought to remote or otherwise isolated educational facilities. Students from diverse communities and backgrounds can come together to learn about one another, although language barriers will continue to persist. Such students are able to explore, communicate, analyze and share information and ideas with one another. Through videoconferencing, students can visit other parts of the world to speak with their peers, and visit museums and educational facilities. Such virtual field trips can provide enriched learning opportunities to students, especially those in geographically isolated locations, and to the economically disadvantaged. Small schools can use these technologies to pool resources and provide courses, such as in foreign languages, which could not otherwise be offered.", "title": "Videotelephony" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A few special additions enhance the language-learning experience. For example, BYU's International Cinema, featuring films in several languages, is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the country. As already noted, BYU also offers an intensive foreign language living experience, the Foreign Language Student Residence. This is an on-campus apartment complex where students commit to speak only their chosen foreign language while in their apartments. Each apartment has at least one native speaker to ensure correct language usage.", "title": "Brigham Young University" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ole Worm was something of a perpetual student: after attending the grammar school of Aarhus, he continued his education at the University of Marburg studying theology in 1605. He received his doctor of medicine degree from the University of Basel in 1611, and received a master of arts degree from the University of Copenhagen in 1617. The rest of his academic career was spent in Copenhagen, where he taught Latin, Greek, physics, and medicine. He was personal physician to King Christian IV of Denmark. Somewhat remarkable for a physician of the time, he remained in the city of Copenhagen to minister to the sick during an epidemic of the Black Death, which led to his own death from the plague in 1654.", "title": "Ole Worm" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, \"Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak\" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office. As of 2011, 62,908 Czech citizens spoke Moravian as their first language and 45,561 were diglossal (speaking Moravian and standard Czech as first languages).", "title": "Czech language" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Welsh medium education should be distinguished from the teaching of the Welsh language itself as an academic subject. Welsh as a subject is taught as a first language in Welsh medium schools. In the majority of English medium schools, Welsh is taught as a second language and became compulsory for all pupils in Wales at Key Stages 1, 2 and 3 (up to age 14) in 1990. In 1999, it became a compulsory subject for Key Stage 4 pupils (GCSE (ages 15 and 16)). Provision of Welsh as a subject in independent (private) schools is less widespread -- only a few provide it, and it is taught as a second language. There is no private designated Welsh - medium school in Wales, although one does exist in London, known as the London Welsh School.", "title": "Welsh-medium education" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a foreign language, Dutch is mainly taught in primary and secondary schools in areas adjacent to the Netherlands and Flanders. In French-speaking Belgium, over 300,000 pupils are enrolled in Dutch courses, followed by over 23,000 in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, and about 7,000 in the French region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (of which 4,550 are in primary school). At an academic level, the largest number of faculties of neerlandistiek can be found in Germany (30 universities), followed by France (20 universities) and the United Kingdom (5 universities).", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American School in Japan (ASIJ; ) is an international private day school located in the city of Chōfu, Tokyo, Japan. The school consists of an elementary school, a middle school, and a high school, all located on the Chōfu campus. There is also an early learning center (nursery-kindergarten) for children aged 3–5 located in the Roppongi Hills complex in downtown Tokyo. Instruction is in English and follows an American-style curriculum. About two thirds of the school's students are the children of citizens of a wide variety of countries who are on temporary assignment in Japan, and the remaining one third are Japanese students who speak English. The campus is fenced in, resulting from heightened security measures taken after the September 11 attacks, with campus surroundings including the Nogawa Park and the neighborhood of Tama. The \"Good Schools Guide International\" called ASIJ \"an impressive school, not only for its size and facilities but also for its strong sense of where it is going.\"", "title": "American School in Japan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kellom Elementary School, formerly called the Paul Street School, is a public school located at 1311 North 24th Street in the Near North Side neighborhood of Omaha, Nebraska, United States. Alumni of Kellom include Fred Astaire, Roger and Gale Sayers, Bob Gibson Dr. Catherine Pope, and Brenda Council. Still maintaining a largely African American student body population, the school was regarded as a \"black school\" in pre-Civil Rights Movement-era Omaha.", "title": "Kellom Elementary School" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Portuguese language is the official national language and the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish are also part of the official curriculum. The city has six international schools: American School of Brasília, Brasília International School (BIS), Escola das Nações, Swiss International School (SIS), Lycée français François-Mitterrand (LfFM) and Maple Bear Canadian School. August 2016 will see the opening of a new international school - The British School of Brasilia. Brasília has two universities, three university centers, and many private colleges.", "title": "José Antunes Sobrinho" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CEMS Master's in International Management (CEMS MIM) is a one-year degree program for a select group of students at the member institutions, taught jointly by CEMS business schools and universities Created in 1988 by founding members from the University of Cologne, HEC Paris, ESADE and the Università Bocconi, it was the first supra-national MSc. The aim of CEMS is to provide education and research for students who aspire to play a role in the development and direction of enterprises in a global context.A CEMS MIM usually consists of two semesters, one at the home university and the other in a CEMS member school abroad. Some CEMS universities allow their students to spend both semesters at CEMS member schools including Keio University in Tokyo. In addition to completing one's home degree, graduation from CEMS also requires completion of a business project, skill seminars, an international internship, and 2 foreign language exams.", "title": "Global Alliance in Management Education" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.", "title": "Spanish language in the United States" } ]

[ { "answer": "the Galapagos Islands", "id": 4264, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "What land is near the worms' first known location?", "raw_question": "What land is near the worms' first known location?", "statement": "The Galapagos Islands are near the first known location of siboglinid tube worms." }, { "answer": "Spanish", "id": 92106, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "what language do they speak in the Galapagos Islands", "raw_question": "what language do they speak in #1", "statement": "In the Galapagos Islands, Spanish is spoken." }, { "answer": "More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses", "id": 32333, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Are students taught Spanish in american schools?", "raw_question": "Are students taught #2 in american schools?", "statement": "More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses, including Spanish." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "InFaith has its roots in the First Day Society (founded 1790). InFaith officially formed in 1817 as the “Sunday and Adult School Union.” In 1824, the organization changed its name to “American Sunday School Union” (ASSU). Then, in 1974, the ASSU changed its name to “American Missionary Fellowship.” It became \"InFaith\" on September 1, 2011.", "title": "InFaith" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Denise is a female given name. It is one of the feminine forms of the masculine name Denis or Dennis. The name Denise is said to be of French origin, though its root names are Dionysius in Greek and Dionysia in Latin. Dionysus is the pagan God of wine, and the name Denise means ``to be devoted to Bacchus. ''", "title": "Denise (given name)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Recognized for his role in the resurgence of the lightweight division, Penn is considered to have been the division's most influential figure, turning the weight class around (in bouts with Sean Sherk, Kenny Florian, Diego Sanchez, Jens Pulver, and Joe Stevenson) to become one of the UFC's most popular, at a time when they had considered disbanding the division altogether and many publications had questioned whether lighter - weights could be successful. His nickname, The Prodigy originates prior to him competing in mixed martial arts, from accomplishing his extraordinary feat in the sport of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (earning his black belt in just under three years and winning the black belt division in the World Jiu - Jitsu Championship only three weeks later). His biography on the UFC website expressed this accomplishment as ``an astonishing achievement in a sport where it takes the average athlete ten years or more to reach black belt status.", "title": "B.J. Penn" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2024 Summer Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques d'été de 2024), officially known as the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad, and commonly known as Paris 2024, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 26 July to 11 August 2024 in Paris, France.", "title": "2024 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The bandy team represented England in the 1913 European Bandy Championships in Davos, Switzerland. It was credited with winning the eight-nation tournament. At the time, bandy in England was administrated through the National Bandy Association.", "title": "England national bandy team" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. The official name of the standard is \"Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes\". It defines three sets of country codes:", "title": "ISO 3166-1" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boston Terrier Boston Terrier with a black brindle coat Other names Boston Bull Boston Bull Terrier Boxwood American Gentlemen Origin The United States of America hide Traits Weight 15 -- 25 lb (7 -- 11 kg) Male 8 - 25 lb Female 6 - 22 lb Height 9 -- 15 in (23 -- 38 cm) Coat Short, smooth, & slick Color Brindle seal black with white Litter size 1 -- 6 puppies Life span 11 - 13 years hide Classification / standards FCI Group 9, Section 11 Small Molossian Dogs # 140 standard AKC Non-sporting standard ANKC Group 7 (Non-Sporting) standard CKC Group 6 - Non-Sporting standard KC (UK) Utility standard NZKC Non-sporting standard UKC Companion Breeds standard Notes State dog of Massachusetts Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)", "title": "Boston Terrier" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death) for the 14th-century epidemic first appeared in modern times in 1631 in a book on Danish history by J.I. Pontanus: \"Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant. (\"Commonly and from its effects, they called it the black death\"). The name spread through Scandinavia and then Germany, gradually becoming attached to the mid 14th-century epidemic as a proper name. In England, it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "KhK Kuzbass () is a professional bandy club from Kemerovo, Russia, established in 1936. It plays in the Russian Bandy Super League, the top division of Russian bandy. The home games are played at Khimik Stadium in Kemerovo. While during the 2016-17 season, the indoor arena was their base, 2017-18 it will be Khimik again. The club colours are dark orange, white and black and the club logo also includes the arms of Kemerovo.", "title": "Kuzbass Kemerovo Bandy Club" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the dry plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships, spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marcano family name originated in Spain. The Italian version of this surname is ``Marciano ''. It was a military family that came to the New World with Christopher Columbus. The Family later grew and spread throughout the Caribbean, where the surname became rooted in the countries of Puerto Rico, Cuba and Venezuela (Margarita Island) and eventually Trinidad & Tobago.", "title": "Marcano" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Olympic Winter Games (official name) (French: Jeux olympiques d'hiver) is a major international sporting event held once every four years, for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France. The original five sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The Games were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 and 1944 by World War II, and resumed in 1948. Until 1992 the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four - year cycles in alternating even - numbered years, the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994.", "title": "Winter Olympic Games" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the dry plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Ancient Greek, the name of the city was Ἀθῆναι (Athēnai, pronounced (a. thɛ̂ː. nai̯) in Classical Attic) a plural. In earlier Greek, such as Homeric Greek, the name had been current in the singular form though, as Ἀθήνη (Athēnē). It was possibly rendered in the plural later on, like those of Θῆβαι (Thêbai) and Μυκῆναι (Μukênai). The root of the word is probably not of Greek or Indo - European origin, and is possibly a remnant of the Pre-Greek substrate of Attica. In antiquity, it was debated whether Athens took its name from its patron goddess Athena (Attic Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnā, Ionic Ἀθήνη, Athēnē, and Doric Ἀθάνα, Athānā) or Athena took her name from the city. Modern scholars now generally agree that the goddess takes her name from the city, because the ending - ene is common in names of locations, but rare for personal names. During the medieval period, the name of the city was rendered once again in the singular as Ἀθήνα. However, after the establishment of the modern Greek state, and partly due to the conservatism of the written language, Ἀθῆναι (aˈθine) became again the official name of the city and remained so until the abandonment of Katharevousa in the 1970s, when Ἀθήνα, Athína, became the official name.", "title": "Athens" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.", "title": "ISO 3166" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch from the Serbian - Bulgarian border to the Black Sea.", "title": "Balkans" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roman is a male first name. It has distant origins dating back to the Roman Empire and the Latin language. It comes from the Latin word ``romanus '', which means`` of Rome''. In this initial sense, the title ``Roman ''means`` a citizen of the Roman Empire'', a man of Roman (or Byzantine) culture, Latin or Greek. The name day festival for Roman may take place on different days depending on the country.", "title": "Roman (given name)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Black Astrum originally started as a result of a one-off request from a wealthy Middle Eastern family. The founder of the company Sufian Khawaja, pleased with the final design, decided to launch Black Astrum officially in 2011 and sell the cards to a select, wealthy few. Khawaja himself has a background in design and engineering and resides in the county of Berkshire, England.", "title": "Black Astrum" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bishop of Dudley is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Worcester, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The title takes its name after the town of Dudley in the West Midlands. From 1 October 1993 until 2002, the bishop was an area bishop for the diocese's Black Country parishes.", "title": "Bishop of Dudley" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tariq Luqmaan Trotter (born October 3, 1971), better known as Black Thought, is an American rapper and the lead MC of the Philadelphia-based hip hop group The Roots, as well as an occasional actor. Black Thought, who co-founded The Roots with drummer Questlove (Ahmir Thompson), is widely lauded for his live performance skills, continuous multisyllabic rhyme schemes, complex lyricism, double entendres, and politically aware lyrics. With The Roots, he is a singer and rapper on \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon,\" frequently playing games with Fallon and his guests.", "title": "Black Thought" } ]

[ { "answer": "bandy", "id": 479393, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Kuzbass >> sport", "raw_question": "Kuzbass >> sport", "statement": "Bandy is the sport of Kuzbass." }, { "answer": "England", "id": 213066, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "bandy >> country of origin", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of origin", "statement": "Bandy originated in England." }, { "answer": "1823", "id": 41097, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "When did the name black death officially take root in England ?", "raw_question": "When did the name black death officially take root in #2 ?", "statement": "The name \"Black Death\" officially took root in England in 1823." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Schreckhorn (4,078 m) is a mountain in the Bernese Alps. It is the highest peak located entirely in the canton of Berne. The Schreckhorn is the northernmost Alpine four-thousander and the northernmost summit rising above 4,000 metres in Europe.", "title": "Schreckhorn" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of New Zealand dates back at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centred on kinship links and land. The first European explorer to sight New Zealand was Dutch navigator Abel Tasman on 13 December 1642. The Dutch were also the first non-natives to explore and chart New Zealand's coastline. Captain James Cook, who reached New Zealand in October 1769 on the first of his three voyages, was the first European explorer to circumnavigate and map New Zealand. From the late 18th century, the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, bringing New Zealand into the British Empire and giving Māori the same rights as British subjects. There was extensive British settlement throughout the rest of the century and into the early part of the next century. War and the imposition of a European economic and legal system led to most of New Zealand's land passing from Māori to Pākehā (European) ownership, and most Māori subsequently became impoverished.", "title": "History of New Zealand" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.", "title": "Africa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of South Australia refers to the history of the Australian State of South Australia and its preceding Indigenous and British colonial societies. Aboriginal Australians have lived in South Australia for tens of thousands of years, while British colonists arrived in the 19th century to establish a free colony, with no convict settlers. European explorers were sent deep into the interior, discovering some pastoral land but mainly large tracts of desert terrain.", "title": "History of South Australia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second - largest and second-most - populous continent (the first being Asia). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of its total land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition.", "title": "Africa" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Application of the term \"Indian\" originated with Christopher Columbus, who, in his search for Asia, thought that he had arrived in the East Indies. The Americas came to be known as the \"West Indies\", a name still used to refer to the islands of the Caribbean Sea. This led to the names \"Indies\" and \"Indian\", which implied some kind of racial or cultural unity among the aboriginal peoples of the Americas. This unifying concept, codified in law, religion, and politics, was not originally accepted by indigenous peoples but has been embraced by many over the last two centuries.[citation needed] Even though the term \"Indian\" does not include the Aleuts, Inuit, or Yupik peoples, these groups are considered indigenous peoples of the Americas.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Portugal's neighbouring fellow Iberian rival, Castile, had begun to establish its rule over the Canary Islands, located off the west African coast, in 1402, but then became distracted by internal Iberian politics and the repelling of Islamic invasion attempts and raids through most of the 15th century. Only late in the century, following the unification of the crowns of Castile and Aragon and the completion of the reconquista, did an emerging modern Spain become fully committed to the search for new trade routes overseas. The Crown of Aragon had been an important maritime potentate in the Mediterranean, controlling territories in eastern Spain, southwestern France, major islands like Sicily, Malta, and the Kingdom of Naples and Sardinia, with mainland possessions as far as Greece. In 1492 the joint rulers conquered the Moorish kingdom of Granada, which had been providing Castile with African goods through tribute, and decided to fund Christopher Columbus's expedition in the hope of bypassing Portugal's monopoly on west African sea routes, to reach ``the Indies ''(east and south Asia) by travelling west. Twice before, in 1485 and 1488, Columbus had presented the project to king John II of Portugal, who rejected it.", "title": "Age of Discovery" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portuguese discoveries (Portuguese: Descobrimentos portugueses) are the numerous territories and maritime routes discovered by the Portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime exploration during the 15th and 16th centuries. Portuguese sailors were at the vanguard of European overseas exploration, discovering and mapping the coasts of Africa, Canada, Asia and Brazil, in what became known as the Age of Discovery. Methodical expeditions started in 1419 along West Africa's coast under the sponsorship of prince Henry the Navigator, with Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entering the Indian Ocean in 1488. Ten years later, in 1498, Vasco da Gama led the first fleet around Africa to India, arriving in Calicut and starting a maritime route from Portugal to India. Portuguese explorations then proceeded to southeast Asia, where they reached Japan in 1542, forty - four years after their first arrival in India. In 1500, the Portuguese nobleman Pedro Álvares Cabral became the first European to discover Brazil.", "title": "Portuguese discoveries" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bermuda's modern black population contains more than one demographic group. Although the number of residents born in Africa is very small, it has tripled between 2000 and 2010 (this group also includes non-blacks). The majority of blacks in Bermuda can be termed \"Bermudian blacks\", whose ancestry dates back centuries between the 17th century and the end of slavery in 1834, Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion. This contrasts to the enslaved blacks of the plantation colonies, who were subjected to conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate, and slaveholders in the United States and the West Indies found it necessary to continue importing more enslaved blacks from Africa until the end of slavery (the same had been true for the Native Americans that the Africans had replaced on the New World plantations). The indigenous populations of many West Indian islands, and much of the South-East of what is now the United States that had survived the 16th- and 17th-century epidemics of European-introduced diseases then became the victims of large-scale slave raiding, with much of the region completely depopulated. When the supply of indigenous slaves ran out, the slaveholders looked to Africa). The ancestry of Bermuda's black population is distinguished from that of the British West Indian black population in two ways: firstly, the higher degree of European and Native American admixture; secondly, the source of the African ancestry.", "title": "Bermuda" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A First Fleet of British ships arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788 to establish a penal colony, the first colony on the Australian mainland. In the century that followed, the British established other colonies on the continent, and European explorers ventured into its interior. Indigenous Australians were greatly weakened and their numbers diminished by introduced diseases and conflict with the colonists during this period.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents. Although the exact pre-contact population of the Americas is unknown, scholars estimate that Native American populations diminished by between 80 and 90% within the first centuries of contact with Europeans. The leading cause was disease. The continent was ravaged by epidemics of diseases such as smallpox, measles, and cholera, which were brought from Europe by the early explorers and spread quickly into new areas even before later explorers and colonists reached them. Native Americans suffered high mortality rates due to their lack of prior exposure to these diseases. The loss of lives was exacerbated by conflict between colonists and indigenous people. Colonists also frequently perpetrated massacres on the indigenous groups and enslaved them. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census (1894), the North American Indian Wars of the 19th century cost the lives of about 19,000 whites and 30,000 Native Americans.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of Australia from 1788 -- 1850 covers the early colonial period of Australia's history, from the arrival in 1788 of the First Fleet of British ships at Sydney, New South Wales, who established the penal colony, the scientific exploration of the continent and later, establishment of other Australian colonies and the beginnings of representative democratic government. European colonisation would have a devastating effect on the pre-existing population of Indigenous Australians, and debate continues in the 21st century as to whether the colonisation process represented settlement, invasion, or a mixture of both.", "title": "History of Australia (1788–1850)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Álvares Cabral (European Portuguese: (ˈpeðɾu ˈaɫvɐr (ɨ) ʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ) or Brazilian Portuguese: (ˈpedɾu ˈawvaɾis kaˈbɾaw); c. 1467 or 1468 -- c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. In 1500 Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly - opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of returning with valuable spices and of establishing trade relations in India -- bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, had recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%).", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European colonization of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by various European powers. Starting in either the 10th or 11th century, when West Norse sailors explored and briefly settled on the shores of present - day Canada, according to Icelandic Sagas, violent conflicts with the indigenous population ultimately led to the Norse abandoning those settlements.", "title": "European colonization of the Americas" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European colonisation of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by various European powers. Starting in either the 10th or 11th century, when West Norse sailors explored and briefly settled on the shores of present - day Canada, according to Icelandic Sagas, violent conflicts with the indigenous population ultimately led to the Norse abandoning those settlements.", "title": "European colonization of the Americas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to \"balance\" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy (1st century AD), who suggested the idea to preserve the symmetry of all known landmasses in the world. Even in the late 17th century, after explorers had found that South America and Australia were not part of the fabled \"Antarctica\", geographers believed that the continent was much larger than its actual size.", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A First Fleet of British ships arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788 to establish a penal colony. In the century that followed, the British established other colonies on the continent, and European explorers ventured into its interior. Indigenous Australians were greatly weakened and their numbers diminished by introduced diseases and conflict with the colonists during this period.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.", "title": "Modern history" } ]

[ { "answer": "Europe", "id": 100914, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "What continent is Schreckhorn on?", "raw_question": "What continent is Schreckhorn on?", "statement": "Schreckhorn is on the continent of Europe." }, { "answer": "Christopher Columbus", "id": 57351, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "first explorer to discover new land west of Europe and africa", "raw_question": "first explorer to discover new land west of #1 and africa", "statement": "Christopher Columbus was the first explorer to discover new land west of Europe and Africa." }, { "answer": "Indian", "id": 36883, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What incorrect term for the indigenous population originated with Christopher Columbus ?", "raw_question": "What incorrect term for the indigenous population originated with #2 ?", "statement": "Christopher Columbus originated the incorrect term \"Indian\" for the indigenous population." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amanda Coogan (born 1971) is an Irish performance artist, living and working in Dublin. She studied under the performance artist Marina Abramović at the HBK Hochschule fur Bildende Kunste, Braunschweig, Germany. In her performance art, she produces video and photographs from live performances. Her work often begins with her own body and often challenges the expectations born of context.", "title": "Amanda Coogan" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The quick German victory over the French stunned neutral observers, many of whom had expected a French victory and most of whom had expected a long war. The strategic advantages possessed by the Germans were not appreciated outside Germany until after hostilities had ceased. Other countries quickly discerned the advantages given to the Germans by their military system, and adopted many of their innovations, particularly the General Staff, universal conscription and highly detailed mobilization systems.", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Journal of Optics Former names Revue Générale d'Optique et de Mechanique de Précision, Revue d'Optique, Nouvelle Revue d'Optique Appliquée ISO 4 abbreviation J. Opt. Discipline Optics, photonics Language English Edited by Nikolay I. Zheludev Publication details Publisher IOP Publishing Publication history 1912 - present Frequency Monthly Impact factor (2014) 2.059 Indexing ISSN 2040 - 8978 (print) 2040 - 8986 (web) 2010238158 OCLC no. 506264207 Links Journal homepage Journal of Optics A Journal of Optics B", "title": "Journal of Optics (IOP Publishing journal)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Myanmar (myan-MAR i/miɑːnˈmɑːr/ mee-ahn-MAR, /miˈɛnmɑːr/ mee-EN-mar or /maɪˈænmɑːr/ my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Folk Nation was formed on November 11, 1978, within the confines of the Illinois Department of Corrections. Larry Hoover, the chairman of the Gangster Disciple Nation, created the idea for the alliance and persuaded many leaders of large Black, White, and Latino gangs from Chicago to join. Soon after its formation, the People Nation was formed to counter the Folks alliance.", "title": "Folk Nation" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In recent years, the city has experienced steady population growth, and has been faced with the issue of accommodating more residents. In 2006, after growing by 4,000 citizens per year for the previous 16 years, regional planners expected the population of Seattle to grow by 200,000 people by 2040. However, former mayor Greg Nickels supported plans that would increase the population by 60%, or 350,000 people, by 2040 and worked on ways to accommodate this growth while keeping Seattle's single-family housing zoning laws. The Seattle City Council later voted to relax height limits on buildings in the greater part of Downtown, partly with the aim to increase residential density in the city centre. As a sign of increasing inner-city growth, the downtown population crested to over 60,000 in 2009, up 77% since 1990.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the summer is drawing to a close, Blair and Chuck are madly in love and adjusting to their new ``in a relationship ''status, breaking all traditional rules of dating as would be expected. Meanwhile, Serena returns from her European adventure with many secrets to hide and a complicated relationship with Carter Baizen. Nate returns from his travels with a mysterious brunette, Bree Buckley (guest star Joanna Garcia) in town. With Lily away in California visiting her mother, Rufus, Dan, and Jenny spent the summer in the Hamptons, adjusting to the van der Woodsen's glamorous lifestyle surprisingly faster than any of them expected. Vanessa introduces her new boyfriend, Scott, to Dan and Rufus.", "title": "Gossip Girl (season 3)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Collinz Room is an American Rock band from Los Angeles, CA. Collinz Room was formed in 2002 and currently is working on a new cd, expected to be released in 2012.", "title": "Collinz Room" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"In Hiding\" is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard, \"In Hiding\" is the eleventh track on the band's fifth studio album, \"Yield\" (1998). Despite the lack of a commercial single release, the song managed to reach number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart and number 14 on their Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.", "title": "In Hiding" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation. The 'Calls' groups, basically formed by drummers playing the tamboril, perform candombe rhythmic figures. Revelers wear their festival clothing. Each group has its own theme. Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades.", "title": "Carnival" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Much civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter programme to finish in June 1940.:35 The programme favoured backyard Anderson shelters and small brick surface shelters; many of the latter were soon abandoned in 1940 as unsafe. In addition, authorities expected that the raids would be brief and during the day. Few predicted that attacks by night would force Londoners to sleep in shelters.", "title": "The Blitz" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ennio Marchetto (; born 20 February 1960 in Venice) is an Italian comedic live entertainer whose performances feature quick-change artistry, impersonations and his trademark bi-dimensional paper costumes. He is also known as The Living Paper Cartoon. In his one-hour show he goes through more than 50 costume changes, in front of the audience without hiding behind drapes or screens and without any assistance by stage hands. In the last 30 years Marchetto has performed in over 170 countries and has been seen by more than one million people. His shows were honoured with numerous awards and highly praised by international critics.", "title": "Ennio Marchetto" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Further Seems Forever is an American rock band formed in 1998 in Pompano Beach, Florida. Over its initial eight-year run the band experienced several lineup changes, resulting in a different lead vocalist performing on each of their first three studio albums. Original singer Chris Carrabba recorded \"The Moon Is Down\" (2001) with the group before leaving to start Dashboard Confessional. He was replaced by Jason Gleason, who performed on \"How to Start a Fire\" (2003) but left the band the following year. Former Sense Field vocalist Jon Bunch joined Further Seems Forever for \"Hide Nothing\" (2004). The band broke up in 2006 but reunited four years later with Carrabba on vocals. Their fourth studio album, \"Penny Black\", was released in 2012.", "title": "Further Seems Forever" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qarabagh District is located 50 kilometers north of Kabul City in Afghanistan, and 20 kilometers southeast of Bagram Airbase. The district is part of Kabul Province and is on the route between Kabul and Parwan Province. It has a population of 15,000, with an expected 19,000 more people to return from Pakistan and Iran in the future (2002 official UNHCR est.). As of 2002 around 60% of the population are Tajiks and 40% Pashtuns.", "title": "Qarabagh District, Kabul" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning in the 1940s, New York City was the center for a roots revival of American folk music. Many New Yorkers, especially young people, became interested in blues, Appalachian folk music, and other roots styles. In Greenwich Village, many of these people gathered; the area became a hotbed of American folk music as well as leftist political activism.", "title": "Music of New York City" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Appleyard, (26 August 1928 – 17 July 2013) was a British–Canadian jazz vibraphonist, percussionist, and composer. He spent most of his life living and performing in the city of Toronto where for many years he was a popular performer in the city's nightclubs and hotels. He also played and recorded with many of the city's orchestras and been featured on Canadian television and radio programs. In the early 1970s he drew wide acclaim for his performances with Benny Goodman's jazz sextet with which he toured internationally. In 1992, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in recognition of his being an \"internationally renowned vibraphonist [who] has represented the Canadian jazz community across North America, Europe, the Middle East and Australia\".", "title": "Peter Appleyard" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Inca people began as a tribe in the Cusco area around the 12th century AD. Under the leadership of Manco Cápac, they formed the small city - state of Cusco Quechua Qosqo.", "title": "History of the Incas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The concepts (and name) of democracy and constitution as a form of government originated in ancient Athens circa 508 B.C. In ancient Greece, where there were many city - states with different forms of government, democracy was contrasted with governance by elites (aristocracy), by one person (monarchy), by tyrants (tyranny), etc.,", "title": "History of democracy" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in 1990 in Seattle, Washington. The band's current lineup comprises founding members Eddie Vedder (lead vocals), Mike McCready (lead guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar) and Jeff Ament (bass), and longtime drummer Matt Cameron. Keyboardist Boom Gaspar has also been a session/touring member with the band since 2002. Drummers Jack Irons, Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain and Dave Abbruzzese are former members of the band.", "title": "Pearl Jam" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Those involved in producing professional wrestling have developed a kind of global fraternity, with familial bonds, shared language and passed-down traditions. New performers are expected to \"pay their dues\" for a few years by working in lower-profile promotions and working as ring crew before working their way upward. The permanent rosters of most promotions develop a backstage pecking order, with veterans mediating conflicts and mentoring younger wrestlers. For many decades (and still to a lesser extent today), performers were expected to keep the illusions of wrestling's legitimacy alive even while not performing, essentially acting in character any time they were in public. Some veterans speak of a \"sickness\" among wrestling performers, an inexplicable pull to remain active in the wrestling world despite the devastating effects the job can have on one's life and health.", "title": "Professional wrestling" } ]

[ { "answer": "Pearl Jam", "id": 522518, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "In Hiding >> performer", "raw_question": "In Hiding >> performer", "statement": "Pearl Jam is the performer of the song In Hiding." }, { "answer": "Seattle", "id": 132413, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What city was Pearl Jam formed in?", "raw_question": "What city was #1 formed in?", "statement": "Pearl Jam was formed in Seattle." }, { "answer": "200,000", "id": 16042, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "How many more people does Seattle expect to have by 2040?", "raw_question": "How many more people does #2 expect to have by 2040?", "statement": "Seattle expects to have 200,000 more people by 2040." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to official North Korean state media, U graduated from Kim Il-sung University with a philosophy degree. He later served in a number of minor posts in the Organization and Guidance Department of the Workers' Party of Korea before being moved to a leading position in the Ministry of State Security (or State Security Department) in the 1990s. He was promoted to colonel-general, member of the National Defence Commission, and first vice-minister of State Security in 2009. This put him in charge of the ministry and gave him access to the country's top echelon, as the ministry was reportedly under Kim Jong-il directly, and he accompanied Kim Jong-il on a number of tours and official events, including a dinner with former US President Bill Clinton. On 28 September 2010, the 3rd Party Conference elevated him to member of the Politburo and the Central Military Commission; the day before he had been promoted to general of the Korean People's Army.", "title": "U Tong-chuk" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The War in Afghanistan (or the U.S. War in Afghanistan; code named Operation Enduring Freedom -- Afghanistan (2001 -- 2014) and Operation Freedom's Sentinel (2015 -- present)) followed the United States invasion of Afghanistan of October 7, 2001. The U.S. was supported initially by the United Kingdom and Canada and later by a coalition of over 40 countries, including all NATO members. The war's public aims were to dismantle al - Qaeda and to deny it a safe base of operations in Afghanistan by removing the Taliban from power. The War in Afghanistan is the second longest war in United States history, behind the Vietnam War.", "title": "War in Afghanistan (2001–present)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "At the end of World War II, Soviet Union occupied the northern half of Korea and in 1946 established the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea chaired by Kim Il-sung. On 9 September 1948, the DPRK was proclaimed, also led by Kim Il-sung.", "title": "List of leaders of North Korea" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Last Supper (Italian: Il Cenacolo (il tʃeˈnaːkolo) or L'Ultima Cena (ˈlultima ˈtʃeːna)) is a late 15th - century mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci housed by the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. It is one of the world's most recognizable paintings.", "title": "The Last Supper (Leonardo)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kim André Madsen (born 12 March 1989) is a Norwegian footballer who currently plays for Asker. He is also the assistant coach. He came for FC Lyn Oslo before the 2009 season, and has also been on loan at Nybergsund IL.", "title": "Kim André Madsen" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kim Yong-ju was born to Kim Hyŏng-jik and Kang Pan-sŏk in Mangyongdae in 1920, 8 years after his elder brother Kim Il-sung. When Kim was 3 years old, his family moved to southern Manchuria.", "title": "Kim Yong-ju" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 11 June 2009, four Uyghurs who had been held in the United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba, were transferred to Bermuda. The four men were among 22 Uyghurs who claimed to be refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan after fleeing the American aerial bombardment of Afghanistan. They were accused of training to assist the Taliban's military. They were cleared as safe for release from Guantánamo in 2005 or 2006, but US domestic law prohibited deporting them back to China, their country of citizenship, because the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.", "title": "Bermuda" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 June 1950, Kim Il-sung called for a Korea-wide election on 5–8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15–17 June 1950. On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South, as a peace overture that Rhee rejected. On 21 June, Kim Il-Sung revised his war plan to involve general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula. Kim was concerned that South Korean agents had learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses. Stalin agreed to this change of plan.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Korean War, Hyon served as Kim Il-sung's bodyguard, a role which gave him \"a place in North Korea's revolutionary history\". He was director of the General Logistics Department of the Korean People's Army from 1986 to 1995, when he was appointed deputy director of the General Political Department, becoming one of the senior most members of the North Korean military and political leadership. He has been described as being in \"close proximity\" to Kim Jong-il, and as reporting directly to him. It had been suggested that, following Kim Jong-il's death, he may have taken part in a military council leadership of the country. He was transferred to director of the Standing Bureau of the National Defence Commission. He has been a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 1991.", "title": "Hyon Chol-hae" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as president on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Soviet Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a communist government led by Kim Il - sung.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 June 1950, Kim Il - sung called for a Korea - wide election on 5 -- 8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15 -- 17 June 1950. On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South as a peace overture that Rhee rejected outright. On 21 June, Kim Il - Sung revised his war plan to involve a general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula. Kim was concerned that South Korean agents learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses. Stalin agreed to this change of plan.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the 19th century, Britain and the Russian Empire vied to fill the power vacuums that had been left by the declining Ottoman Empire, Qajar dynasty and Qing Dynasty. This rivalry in Eurasia came to be known as the \"Great Game\". As far as Britain was concerned, defeats inflicted by Russia on Persia and Turkey demonstrated its imperial ambitions and capabilities and stoked fears in Britain of an overland invasion of India. In 1839, Britain moved to pre-empt this by invading Afghanistan, but the First Anglo-Afghan War was a disaster for Britain.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soviet records show that Kim was born Yuri Irsenovich Kim () in 1941 in the village of Vyatskoye, near Khabarovsk, where his father, Kim Il-sung, commanded the 1st Battalion of the Soviet 88th Brigade, made up of Chinese and Korean exiles. Kim Jong-il's mother, Kim Jong-suk, was Kim Il-sung's first wife. Inside his family, he was nicknamed \"Yura\", while his younger brother Kim Man-il (born Alexander Irsenovich Kim) was nicknamed \"Shura\".", "title": "Kim Jong-il" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns over enemy targets. Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan, fell by mid-November. The remaining al-Qaeda and Taliban remnants fell back to the rugged mountains of eastern Afghanistan, mainly Tora Bora. In December, Coalition forces (the U.S. and its allies) fought within that region. It is believed that Osama bin Laden escaped into Pakistan during the battle.", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kim Jong-nam was born 10 May 1971 in Pyongyang, North Korea, to Song Hye-rim, one of three women known to have had children with Kim Jong-il. Because Kim Jong-il aimed to keep his affair with Song a secret due to the disapproval of his father Kim Il-sung, he initially kept Jong-nam out of school, instead sending him to live with Song's older sister Song Hye-rang, who tutored him at home. North Korea Leadership Watch says he left North Korea to visit his grandmother in Moscow, Soviet Union, and spent his childhood at international schools in both Russia and Switzerland until returning to his home country in 1988.", "title": "Kim Jong-nam" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The dominance of the nomads ended in the 16th century as firearms allowed settled people to gain control of the region. The Russian Empire, the Qing dynasty of China, and other powers expanded into the area and seized the bulk of Central Asia by the end of the 19th century. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Soviet Union incorporated most of Central Asia; only Mongolia and Afghanistan remained nominally independent, although Mongolia existed as a Soviet satellite state and Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan in the late 20th century. The Soviet areas of Central Asia saw much industrialisation and construction of infrastructure, but also the suppression of local cultures and a lasting legacy of ethnic tensions and environmental problems.", "title": "History of Central Asia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kim Pyong-il (; born 10 August 1954) is the younger paternal half-brother of the former leader of North Korea, Kim Jong-il, and the only surviving son of former leader and president of North Korea Kim Il-sung. He is the current ambassador of North Korea to the Czech Republic.", "title": "Kim Pyong-il" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Defilada (\"The Parade\") is a Polish 1989 documentary by Andrzej Fidyk. It focused on the cult of personality in North Korea, and was shot in 1988 on the 40th anniversary of the state's founding by Kim Il-sung. Despite its anti-totalitarian message, it has received praise from North Korea itself.", "title": "Defilada" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kim Il-sung", "id": 611312, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Kim Pyong-il >> father", "raw_question": "Kim Pyong-il >> father", "statement": "Kim Il-sung is the father of Kim Pyong-il." }, { "answer": "Soviet Union", "id": 506157, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Kim Il-sung >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Kim Il-sung was a citizen of the Soviet Union." }, { "answer": "20th century", "id": 160113, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "In which century did Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?", "raw_question": "In which century did #2 invade Afghanistan?", "statement": "The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in the 20th century." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Groupe Air Sénégal, operating as Senegal Airlines, was an airline with its head office on the property of Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport in Dakar, Senegal. It operated a scheduled network in Senegal and neighbouring countries from its main base at Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport.", "title": "Senegal Airlines" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport (IATA: YHM, ICAO: CYHM) is an international airport located in Mount Hope, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It is named for John Carr Munro, former Canadian Member of Parliament in Hamilton and cabinet minister. The airport is situated 11 km (6.8 mi) and 64 km (40 mi) southwest of Downtown Hamilton and Downtown Toronto, respectively. It is one of four airports serving Greater Toronto providing scheduled passenger service and serves as an alternate and reliever for nearby Toronto Pearson International Airport. Former British airline Flyglobespan referred to the airport as Toronto Hamilton International Airport.", "title": "John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This makes for a large number of takeoffs and landings and it is not unusual for flights to be delayed in the holding pattern before landing. Following the airport's master plan, Infraero built a second runway, which was finished in 2006. In 2007, the airport handled 11,119,872 passengers. The main building's third floor, with 12 thousand square meters, has a panoramic deck, a food court, shops, four movie theatres with total capacity of 500 people, and space for exhibitions. Brasília Airport has 136 vendor spaces. The airport is located about 11 km (6.8 mi) from the central area of Brasília, outside the metro system. The area outside the airport's main gate is lined with taxis as well as several bus line services which connect the airport to Brasília's central district. The parking lot accommodates 1,200 cars. The airport is serviced by domestic and regional airlines (TAM, GOL, Azul, WebJET, Trip and Avianca), in addition to a number of international carriers. In 2012, Brasília's International Airport was won by the InfrAmerica consortium, formed by the Brazilian engineering company ENGEVIX and the Argentine Corporacion America holding company, with a 50% stake each. During the 25-year concession, the airport may be expanded to up to 40 million passengers a year.", "title": "José Antunes Sobrinho" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport (IATA: ARN, ICAO: ESSA), is an international airport located in the Sigtuna Municipality of Sweden, near the town of Märsta, 37 kilometres (23 mi) north of Stockholm and nearly 40 kilometres (25 mi) south - east of Uppsala. The airport is located within Stockholm County and the province of Uppland. It is the largest airport in Sweden and the third - largest airport in the Nordic countries. The airport is the major gateway to international air travel for large parts of Sweden. Arlanda Airport was used by close to 27 million passengers in 2017, with 21.2 million international passengers and 5.5 million domestic.", "title": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Air Georgian Limited is a privately owned airline based at Toronto Pearson International Airport in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Its main business is its operation as Air Canada Express on a Tier III codeshare with Air Canada for scheduled services on domestic and trans-border routes. Air Georgian is based at Toronto Pearson International Airport.", "title": "Air Georgian" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miami International Airport serves as the primary international airport of the Greater Miami Area. One of the busiest international airports in the world, Miami International Airport caters to over 35 million passengers a year. The airport is a major hub and the single largest international gateway for American Airlines. Miami International is the busiest airport in Florida, and is the United States' second-largest international port of entry for foreign air passengers behind New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport, and is the seventh-largest such gateway in the world. The airport's extensive international route network includes non-stop flights to over seventy international cities in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 109 million travelers used these three airports in 2012, and the city's airspace is the busiest in the nation. JFK and Newark Liberty were the busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers, respectively, in 2012; as of 2011, JFK was the busiest airport for international passengers in North America. Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, New York, by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Plans were announced in July 2015 to entirely rebuild LaGuardia Airport in a multibillion-dollar project to replace its aging facilities.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country.", "title": "Tajikistan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Continental Airlines Flight 603 was a scheduled McDonnell Douglas DC-10 flight between Los Angeles International Airport and Honolulu International Airport. On March 1, 1978, it crashed during an aborted takeoff, resulting in the deaths of four passengers.", "title": "Continental Airlines Flight 603" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. John's Antigua TAPA ANU V.C. Bird International Airport 17 ° 08 ′ 12 ''N 61 ° 47 ′ 34'' W  /  17.13667 ° N 61.79278 ° W  / 17.13667; - 61.79278  (VC Bird International Airport)", "title": "List of airports in Antigua and Barbuda" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "PNG Air is an airline based on the grounds of Jacksons International Airport, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. It operates scheduled domestic and international flights, as well as contract corporate charter work. Its main base is Jacksons International Airport.", "title": "PNG Air" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Columbia Campbell River (Campbell River Airport) Dawson Creek (Dawson Creek Airport) Fort Nelson (Fort Nelson Airport) Fort St. John (Fort St. John Airport) Kamloops (Kamloops Airport) Kelowna (Kelowna International Airport) Prince George (Prince George Airport) Quesnel (Quesnel Airport) Smithers (Smithers Airport) Terrace (Northwest Regional Airport) Vancouver (Vancouver International Airport) Williams Lake (Williams Lake Airport)", "title": "Central Mountain Air" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Halcyonair, S.A. was an airline with its head office in Amílcar Cabral International Airport in Espargos, Sal, Cape Verde. It was established in April 2005 and operated domestic flights between the Cape Verde Islands from its main base Amílcar Cabral International Airport.", "title": "Halcyonair" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abney Park Chapel, is a Grade II Listed chapel, designed by William Hosking and built by John Jay that is situated in Europe's first wholly nondenominational cemetery, Abney Park Cemetery, London.", "title": "Abney Park Chapel" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aeronaves Dominicanas or AERODOMCA is an air charter airline established in 1980 with facilities in Samaná El Catey International Airport, and main offices in the La Isabela International Airport, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.", "title": "Aeronaves Dominicanas" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Education in Stockholm goes back to 1583, when the small college Collegium Regium Stockholmense was founded in by King John III in Stockholm, Sweden.", "title": "Education in Stockholm" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arthur Laing Bridge is a four-lane, high-level bridge carrying Grant McConachie Way over the North Arm of the Fraser River between Vancouver and Richmond, British Columbia's Sea Island where the Vancouver International Airport is located. Two parallel independent unpainted steel box girders make up the main spans. The bridge is operated by the Vancouver International Airport.", "title": "Arthur Laing Bridge" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Growing up in Sweden, Hosk was presented with offers to model during high school after her father submitted photographs to various modeling agencies in Sweden when she was 13; she began modeling at 14. She did some modeling in high school but decided to primarily concentrate on her studies instead (she did some notable work with Guess and other companies however). After graduating, she decided to pursue a career in the Swedish women's basketball league. Hosk has commented that the level of play in the Swedish professional basketball league was not on par with the WNBA, and that interest in the sport was not as great in Sweden as in the United States. Although she ultimately abandoned professional basketball for modeling, Hosk has said that the intense rigor of practices (8 per week when playing basketball) and travel helped prepare her for the physical and travel demands of the modeling world.After playing professional basketball for two years, she began receiving many job offers and soon moved to New York City to begin modeling full-time. Some writers have speculated that her work with Victoria's Secret was what brought her into the top tier fashion world, but Hosk also identifies her work with photographer Ellen von Unwerth in campaigns for Guess.She is ranked 15th on the Top Sexiest Models list by models.com. She opened the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show in 2016 and wore the Swarovski outfit in 2017. She was chosen to wear the \"Dream Angels\" Fantasy Bra in the 2018 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show held in New York City on 8 November 2018. The bra, worth $1 million, was designed by Atelier Swarovski and hand-set with 2,100 Swarovski created diamonds.", "title": "Elsa Hosk" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Primaris Airlines was an American charter airline located in Enterprise, Nevada, in the United States. It operated domestic and international services. Its main base was McCarran International Airport, Las Vegas.", "title": "Primaris Airlines" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "JSC National Air Carrier \"Kyrgyzstan Airlines\" () was the national airline of Kyrgyzstan, with its head office on the grounds of Manas International Airport in Bishkek. It operated scheduled international and domestic services, as well as charter flights. Its main base was Manas International Airport, with a hub at Osh Airport.", "title": "Kyrgyzstan Airlines" } ]

[ { "answer": "Sweden", "id": 161632, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Where did Hosk grow up?", "raw_question": "Where did Hosk grow up?", "statement": "John III of Sweden died." }, { "answer": "Stockholm", "id": 466282, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "John III of Sweden >> place of death", "raw_question": "John III of #1 >> place of death", "statement": "John III of Sweden died in Stockholm." }, { "answer": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport", "id": 70752, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "what is the main international airport in Stockholm", "raw_question": "what is the main international airport in #2", "statement": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport is the main international airport in Stockholm." } ]

[ "Arlanda Airport", "ARN" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The City of Charleston Police Department, with a total of 452 sworn officers, 137 civilians, and 27 reserve police officers, is South Carolina's largest police department. Their procedures on cracking down on drug use and gang violence in the city are used as models to other cities to do the same.[citation needed] According to the final 2005 FBI Crime Reports, Charleston crime level is worse than the national average in almost every major category. Greg Mullen, the former Deputy Chief of the Virginia Beach, Virginia Police Department, serves as the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department. The former Charleston police chief was Reuben Greenberg, who resigned August 12, 2005. Greenberg was credited with creating a polite police force that kept police brutality well in check, even as it developed a visible presence in community policing and a significant reduction in crime rates.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After Dmitry Karakozov's assassination attempt on Alexander II in 1866, Trepov was appointed chief of Saint Petersburg's police force. He managed to put the city in order and improved the performance of the police. In 1867, Trepov was promoted to the rank of adjutant general. He was the Governor of St. Petersburg between 1873 and 1878.", "title": "Fyodor Trepov (senior)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ralph Pampena (1934-December 15, 2012) was a longtime Pittsburgh Police leader, who served as Pittsburgh Police Chief from May 22, 1987 – May 17, 1990. He was a 22-year veteran of the Pittsburgh Police upon taking the oath of Chief. During 1986-1987 he briefly retired from the force serving as Police Chief of Carnegie Mellon University.", "title": "Ralph Pampena" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jessica's relationship with law enforcement officials varies from place to place. Both sheriffs of Cabot Cove resign themselves to having her meddle in their cases. However, most detectives and police officers do not want her anywhere near their crime scenes, until her accurate deductions convince them to listen to her. Some are happy to have her assistance from the start, often because they are fans of her books. With time, she makes friends in many police departments across the U.S., as well as with a British police officer attached to Scotland Yard. At the start of season eight, more of the stories were set in New York City with Jessica moving into an apartment there part - time in order to teach criminology.", "title": "Murder, She Wrote" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A neighbourhood police centre (NPC) is a mid-sized police station in Singapore, introduced in 1997 to replace the Singapore Police Force's Neighbourhood Police Post (NPP) system. Based similarly on the concepts of community policing and modelled after the kōban system in Japan, it allows for police officers on the ground to perform more duties, particularly investigative work, which was previously in the hands of division-based officers.", "title": "Neighbourhood police centre" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the liner notes, the album is dedicated to the memory of fellow Los Angeles-based musician Elliott Smith and to Bomp! Records founder Greg Shaw.", "title": "Surgery (album)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "General Neth Savoeun () is the National Police Chief of Cambodia. Savoeun was promoted from Deputy National Police Chief to the most senior law enforcement position of the country in November 2008 after his predecessor, Hok Lundy, whose tenure was mired in controversy and accusations of corruption, died in a helicopter crash. Savoeun, who was 52 years old at the time of his appointment, is married to Prime Minister Hun Sen's niece, Hun Kimleng. Prior to the National Police force, Savoeun was the police chief of Phnom Penh during the State of Cambodia and then, after the 1993 elections, head of the justice department in the Interior Ministry’s Penal Crimes Division.", "title": "Neth Savoeun" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Howard Morton as Officer Ralph Waldo Simpson (Seasons 3 -- 5, previously recurring). A dopey but lovable police officer who was a subordinate of the Chief's.", "title": "Gimme a Break!" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, \"personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman.\"", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William \"Mugsy\" Moore (1930 – August 6, 2007) was a longtime Pittsburgh Police leader, who served as Pittsburgh Police Chief from April 21, 1986 – May 11, 1987. He first joined the force in 1951. After retirement he served as Police Chief in suburban Braddock from 1991 to 1998. His grave is at Pittsburgh's Homewood Cemetery.", "title": "William Moore (police officer)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir William Ian Ridley Johnston, CBE, QPM, DL was the Chief Constable of British Transport Police. He became Chief Constable on 1 May 2001 when he succeeded David Williams QPM, who had served as Chief Constable for three and a half years.", "title": "Ian Johnston (police officer)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Title Role Notes Flipped Garrett Einbinder 2011 The Chaperone Josh 2013 The Bling Ring Marc Hall 2014 Earth to Echo Cameron 2015 H8RZ Jack Stanton 2015 Jack of the Red Hearts Robert Adams 2016 Good Kids Mike ``Spice ''Jennings 2017 Happy Death Day Carter Davis 2017 Say You Will Bobby Nimitz 2018 Extinction Miles 2018 To All the Boys I've Loved Before Josh Sanderson 2019 Happy Death Day 2U Carter Davis Post-production", "title": "Israel Broussard" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Happy\" is a song performed by British singer Leona Lewis for her second studio album \"Echo\" (2009). It was written by Lewis, Ryan Tedder, Evan Bogart, and produced by Tedder, and it was premiered in the United Kingdom radio on 6 September 2009, and officially released on 15 September 2009, by digital download in the United States, serving as the album's lead single. Lyrically, it talks about a protagonist, that wants to be happy and seize the day.", "title": "Happy (Leona Lewis song)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost is a 2011 American made-for-television crime drama film directed by Dick Lowry and starring Tom Selleck, Kathy Baker, and Kohl Sudduth. Based on the characters from the Jesse Stone novels created by Robert B. Parker, the film is about the retired police chief of a small New England town who investigates the suspicious death of a young friend while the police force deals with the arrogant new police chief who is the son-in-law of a town councilman. Filmed on location in Nova Scotia, the story is set in the fictitious town of Paradise, Massachusetts. \"Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost\" is the seventh in a series of nine television films based on the characters of Parker's Jesse Stone novels. The film first aired on the CBS television network on May 22, 2011.", "title": "Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Happiness\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. It was released on February 8, 2000 by record label DreamWorks as the first single from his fifth studio album, \"Figure 8\". It was also released on 7-inch vinyl by Cavity Search.", "title": "Happiness (Elliott Smith song)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emil Eichhorn (9 October 1863 - 26 July 1925) was a USPD politician and Chief of the Berlin Police during the 1918–1919 German Revolution.", "title": "Emil Eichhorn" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chief of the City of Los Angeles Police Department Seal of the LAPD Flag of the Chief of the LAPD Incumbent Charles L. Beck since November 9, 2009 (2009 - 11 - 09) Los Angeles Police Department Style Chief of Police Member of Los Angeles City Council Seat Los Angeles County, California, U.S. Appointer Mayor of Los Angeles Inaugural holder Jacob F. Gerkens Formation December 18, 1876 Salary $307,291 Website (1)", "title": "Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Happys Inn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. The population was 164 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Happys Inn, Montana" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At dawn on 6 October, the military and the police as well as the three paramilitary forces blocked exits from the university and began shooting into the campus, using M-16s, carbines, pistols, grenade launchers, and even armor-piercing recoilless rifles. Prevented from leaving the campus or even sending wounded to the hospital, the students begged for a ceasefire. The attacks continued. The actors in the mock hanging had already turned themselves in to Seni at the prime minister's office. When one student came out to surrender, he was shot and killed. After a free-fire order was issued by the Bangkok police chief, the campus was stormed, with Border Patrol Police leading the attack. Students diving into the Chao Phraya River were shot at by naval vessels while others who surrendered, lying down on the ground, were picked up and beaten, many to death. Some were hung from trees and beaten, others were set afire. Female students were raped, alive and dead, by police and Red Gaurs. The massacre continued for several hours, and was only halted at noon by a rainstorm.", "title": "Thammasat University massacre" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jessica Walter stars as Amy Prentiss, a relatively young investigator who becomes the first female Chief of Detectives for the San Francisco Police Department following the previous chief's death. She is a single mother whose husband died in a plane crash. Prentiss faced opposition from other police officers and from officers' wives.", "title": "Amy Prentiss" } ]

[ { "answer": "Elliott Smith", "id": 168940, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Happiness >> performer", "raw_question": "Happiness >> performer", "statement": "Elliott Smith was the performer of Happiness." }, { "answer": "Los Angeles", "id": 434582, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Elliott Smith >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Elliott Smith died in Los Angeles." }, { "answer": "Charles L. Beck", "id": 60108, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "who is the chief of police of Los Angeles", "raw_question": "who is the chief of police of #2", "statement": "Charles L. Beck is the Chief of Police of Los Angeles." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Branch Towanda Creek is a tributary of Towanda Creek in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Terry Township, Albany Township, New Albany, and Monroe Township.", "title": "South Branch Towanda Creek" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shamokin Creek (also known as Great Shamokin Creek or Middle Branch Shamokin Creek) is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Mount Carmel, Mount Carmel Township, Coal Township, Shamokin, Ralpho Township, Shamokin Township, Snydertown, Upper Augusta Township, and Sunbury. The watershed of the creek has an area of . It experiences significant impacts by abandoned mine drainage and many abandoned mine drainage discharges are in its watershed. Various other impairments also affect parts of the creek's watershed. Shamokin Creek is in the Appalachian Mountains section of the Ridge and Valley physiographic province. Rock formations consisting of sandstone, shale, and anthracite deposits occur in the watershed.", "title": "Shamokin Creek" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sand Creek Township is a township in Scott County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,551 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Sand Creek Township, Scott County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes. The actual trial on such charges, and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives, and both were later acquitted by the Senate. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed, as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment, but such a vote was widely expected to pass, and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon's departure. To date, no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction. The impeached official continues in office until conviction.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bridge between Monroe and Penn Townships, also known as the Penns Creek Bridge, Camelback Bridge, or Camelback, was a historic bridge located at Monroe Township and Penn Township near Selinsgrove in Snyder County, Pennsylvania. It was a barrel arch bridge built in 1919. It spanned Penns Creek. It was removed in 1994.", "title": "Bridge between Monroe and Penn Townships" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Little Pine Creek is a tributary of Pine Creek in Luzerne County and Columbia County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Huntington Township and New Columbus in Luzerne County and Fishing Creek Township in Columbia County. The watershed of the creek has an area of . A number of bridges have been built over the creek and a fulling mill historically existed on it. The creek is inhabited by wild trout.", "title": "Little Pine Creek (Luzerne and Columbia Counties, Pennsylvania)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Straight Creek Township is a township in Jackson County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 158.", "title": "Straight Creek Township, Jackson County, Kansas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birch Creek Township is a township in Pine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 217 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Birch Creek Township, Pine County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crooked Creek Township is a former township of Boone County, Arkansas, USA. Its last appearance on the US Census was in 1930.", "title": "Crooked Creek Township, Boone County, Arkansas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Brouilletts Creek Township is one of fifteen townships in Edgar County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 235 and it contained 114 housing units.", "title": "Brouilletts Creek Township, Edgar County, Illinois" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chillisquaque Creek is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Montour County and Northumberland County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Derry Township, Washingtonville, and Liberty Township in Montour County and East Chillisquaque Township and West Chillisquaque Township in Northumberland County. The watershed of the creek has an area of . Agricultural impacts have caused most of the streams in the watershed of the creek (including the main stem) to be impaired. Causes of impairment include sedimentation/siltation and habitat alteration. The average annual discharge of the creek between 1980 and 2014 ranged from . Its watershed mainly consists of rolling agricultural land. The creek's channel flows through rock formations consisting of sandstone and shale. It is a warmwater stream.", "title": "Chillisquaque Creek" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spring Creek Township is a township in Becker County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 120 as of the 2000 census.", "title": "Spring Creek Township, Becker County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The best-known Arkansas Attorney General is Bill Clinton, as he later became President of the United States; he was elected to the position in 1976 and served until he was elected governor in 1978. Other former attorneys general include Bruce Bennett, Joe Purcell, Ray Thornton, Jim Guy Tucker, Mark Pryor, Steve Clark and Mike Beebe. Until Rutledge took office, Democrats had held the office since Reconstruction.", "title": "Arkansas Attorney General" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kill Creek Township is a township in Osborne County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, the township population was 35.", "title": "Kill Creek Township, Osborne County, Kansas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article Two of the United States Constitution states in Section 4 that ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors. ''The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeaching, while the United States Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. The removal of impeached officials is automatic upon conviction in the Senate. In Nixon v. United States (1993), the Supreme Court determined that the federal judiciary can not review such proceedings.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harveys Creek (also known as Harvey Creek or Harvey's Creek) is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Harveys Lake, Lake Township, Lehman Township, Jackson Township, and Plymouth Township. The creek's watershed has an area of . The creek has four named tributaries, which are known as Bear Hollow Creek, Paint Spring Run, Pikes Creek, and East Fork Harveys Creek. The watershed is designated as a High-Quality Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery above Pikes Creek and as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery below it. The creek's source is Harveys Lake, the largest natural lake in Pennsylvania.", "title": "Harveys Creek" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment proceedings may be commenced by a member of the House of Representatives on her or his own initiative, either by presenting a list of the charges under oath or by asking for referral to the appropriate committee. The impeachment process may be initiated by non-members. For example, when the Judicial Conference of the United States suggests a federal judge be impeached, a charge of actions constituting grounds for impeachment may come from a special prosecutor, the President, or state or territorial legislature, grand jury, or by petition.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ash Creek Township is a township in Ellsworth County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 58.", "title": "Ash Creek Township, Ellsworth County, Kansas" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as governor when the governor is out of state, and serves as governor if the governor is impeached, removed from office, dies or is otherwise unable to discharge the office's duties. The lieutenant governor position is elected separately from the governor.", "title": "Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the Constitution grants to the House of Representatives ``the sole power of impeachment '', and Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 grants to the Senate`` the sole Power to try all Impeachments''. In considering articles of impeachment, the House is obligated to base any charges on the constitutional standards specified in Article II, Section 4: ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors ''. (Full text of clauses)", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" } ]

[ { "answer": "US", "id": 414731, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Brouilletts Creek Township >> country", "raw_question": "Brouilletts Creek Township >> country", "statement": "The last president to be impeached held the position of President in the United States." }, { "answer": "Bill Clinton", "id": 49283, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "who was the last president of the US to be impeached", "raw_question": "who was the last president of the #1 to be impeached", "statement": "Bill Clinton was the last president of the US to be impeached." }, { "answer": "Arkansas Attorney General", "id": 641245, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Bill Clinton >> position held", "raw_question": "#2 >> position held", "statement": "Bill Clinton held the position of Arkansas Attorney General." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the Constitution grants to the House of Representatives ``the sole power of impeachment '', and Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 grants to the Senate`` the sole Power to try all Impeachments''. In considering articles of impeachment, the House is obligated to base any charges on the constitutional standards specified in Article II, Section 4: ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors ''. (Full text of clauses)", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article 15 describes the process of impeachment and lists grounds on which to impeach judges. The House of Representatives is granted the power of impeachment.", "title": "Constitution of Texas" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carol Bellamy (born January 14, 1942) is the Chair of the Board of the Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund (GCERF). Previously, she was Director of the Peace Corps, Executive Director of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and President and CEO of World Learning. She is also the Chair of children’s rights advocacy organization ECPAT International, working to end the sexual exploitation of children. After three terms in the New York State Senate, she was the first woman to be elected to any citywide office in NYC as President of the New York City Council, a position she held until her unsuccessful bid for Mayor of New York in 1985; she was the second to last person to hold this position.", "title": "Carol Bellamy" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (One resigned before the Senate could complete the trial.) Only two presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "State legislatures can impeach state officials, including governors. The court for the trial of impeachments may differ somewhat from the federal model -- in New York, for instance, the Assembly (lower house) impeaches, and the State Senate tries the case, but the members of the seven - judge New York State Court of Appeals (the state's highest, constitutional court) sit with the senators as jurors as well. Impeachment and removal of governors has happened occasionally throughout the history of the United States, usually for corruption charges. A total of at least eleven U.S. state governors have faced an impeachment trial; a twelfth, Governor Lee Cruce of Oklahoma, escaped impeachment conviction by a single vote in 1912. Several others, most recently Connecticut's John G. Rowland, have resigned rather than face impeachment, when events seemed to make it inevitable. The most recent impeachment of a state governor occurred on January 14, 2009, when the Illinois House of Representatives voted 117 - 1 to impeach Rod Blagojevich on corruption charges; he was subsequently removed from office and barred from holding future office by the Illinois Senate on January 29. He was the eighth U.S. state governor to be removed from office.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The best-known Arkansas Attorney General is Bill Clinton, as he later became President of the United States; he was elected to the position in 1976 and served until he was elected governor in 1978. Other former attorneys general include Bruce Bennett, Joe Purcell, Ray Thornton, Jim Guy Tucker, Mark Pryor, Steve Clark and Mike Beebe. Until Rutledge took office, Democrats had held the office since Reconstruction.", "title": "Arkansas Attorney General" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent President becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns, or is removed from office. (A President can be removed from office by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate.) The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices. The succession follows the order of Vice President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Senate, and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States. The Cabinet currently has fifteen members, beginning with the Secretary of State, and followed by the rest in the order of their positions' creation. Those heads of department who are ineligible to act as President are also ineligible to succeed the President by succession, for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen.", "title": "United States presidential line of succession" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Senate also has a role in ratifying treaties. The Constitution provides that the president may only \"make Treaties, provided two thirds of the senators present concur\" in order to benefit from the Senate's advice and consent and give each state an equal vote in the process. However, not all international agreements are considered treaties under US domestic law, even if they are considered treaties under international law. Congress has passed laws authorizing the president to conclude executive agreements without action by the Senate. Similarly, the president may make congressional-executive agreements with the approval of a simple majority in each House of Congress, rather than a two-thirds majority in the Senate. Neither executive agreements nor congressional-executive agreements are mentioned in the Constitution, leading some scholars such as Laurence Tribe and John Yoo to suggest that they unconstitutionally circumvent the treaty-ratification process. However, courts have upheld the validity of such agreements.The Constitution empowers the House of Representatives to impeach federal officials for \"Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors\" and empowers the Senate to try such impeachments. If the sitting president of the United States is being tried, the chief justice of the United States presides over the trial. During an impeachment trial, senators are constitutionally required to sit on oath or affirmation. Conviction requires a two-thirds majority of the senators present. A convicted official is automatically removed from office; in addition, the Senate may stipulate that the defendant be banned from holding office. No further punishment is permitted during the impeachment proceedings; however, the party may face criminal penalties in a normal court of law.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes. The actual trial on such charges, and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives, and both were later acquitted by the Senate. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed, as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment, but such a vote was widely expected to pass, and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon's departure. To date, no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction. The impeached official continues in office until conviction.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article Two of the United States Constitution states in Section 4 that ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors. ''The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeaching, while the United States Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. The removal of impeached officials is automatic upon conviction in the Senate. In Nixon v. United States (1993), the Supreme Court determined that the federal judiciary can not review such proceedings.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas presides over the Arkansas Senate with a tie-breaking vote, serves as governor when the governor is out of state, and serves as governor if the governor is impeached, removed from office, dies or is otherwise unable to discharge the office's duties. The lieutenant governor position is elected separately from the governor.", "title": "Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dennis was born at \"Beverly\" in Pocomoke City, Worcester County, Maryland, December 17, 1771; completed preparatory studies in Washington Academy; attended Yale College; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1793 and commenced practice in Somerset County, Maryland; served two terms in the Maryland House of Delegates; elected as a Federalist to the Fifth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1797 – March 3, 1805); one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1798 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against William Blount, a Senator from Tennessee.", "title": "John Dennis (1771–1806)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hollywood Film Awards are an American motion picture award ceremony held annually since 1997, usually in October or November. The gala ceremony takes place at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills, California. The 2014 ceremony, broadcast by CBS, was the first to be shown on television. The 2016 ceremony, celebrating its 20th anniversary, took place on November 6, and was hosted by James Corden.", "title": "Hollywood Film Awards" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was the first impeachment of a President since creation of the office in 1789. The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.", "title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Let's Impeach the President\" is a protest song written, produced and recorded by Neil Young. It is the seventh track on his 2006 studio album \"Living with War\".", "title": "Let's Impeach the President" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent president becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns, or is removed from office (by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate). The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices. The succession follows the order of vice president, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Senate, and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States. The Cabinet currently has fifteen members, beginning with the Secretary of State, and followed by the rest in the order of their positions' creation. Those heads of department who are ineligible to act as president are also ineligible to succeed the president by succession, for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen.", "title": "United States presidential line of succession" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The WHCA's annual dinner, begun in 1921, has become a Washington, D.C. tradition and is traditionally attended by the president and vice president. Fifteen presidents have attended at least one WHCA dinner, beginning with Calvin Coolidge in 1924. The dinner is traditionally held on the evening of the last Saturday in April at the Washington Hilton.", "title": "White House Correspondents' Association" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Beverly is a town in Randolph County, West Virginia, USA. It is situated on the Tygart Valley River and had a population of 702 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Beverly, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ninth congress, which opened on March 26, began with an extraordinary session of the Congress of People's Deputies taking up discussions of emergency measures to defend the constitution, including impeachment of President Yeltsin. Yeltsin conceded that he had made mistakes and reached out to swing voters in parliament. Yeltsin narrowly survived an impeachment vote on March 28, votes for impeachment falling 72 short of the 689 votes needed for a 2/3 majority. The similar proposal to dismiss Ruslan Khasbulatov, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet was defeated by a wider margin (339 in favour of the motion), though 614 deputies had initially been in favour of including the re-election of the chairman in the agenda, a tell-tale sign of the weakness of Khasbulatov's own positions (517 votes for would have sufficed to dismiss the speaker).By the time of the ninth Congress, the legislative branch was dominated by the joint communist-nationalist Russian Unity bloc, which included representatives of the CPRF and the Fatherland faction (communists, retired military personnel, and other deputies of a socialist orientation), Agrarian Union, and the faction \"Russia\" led by Sergey Baburin. Together with more 'centrist' groups (e.g. 'Change' (Смена)), the Yeltsin supporters ('Democratic Russia', 'Radical democrats') were clearly left in the minority.", "title": "1993 Russian constitutional crisis" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the \"Radical Republicans.\" Congress, however, managed to override fifteen of Johnson's twenty-nine vetoes. Furthermore, it attempted to curb the power of the presidency by passing the Tenure of Office Act. The Act required Senate approval for the dismissal of senior Cabinet officials. When Johnson deliberately violated the Act, which he felt was unconstitutional (Supreme Court decisions later vindicated such a position), the House of Representatives impeached him; he was acquitted in the Senate by one vote.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" } ]

[ { "answer": "US", "id": 562135, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Beverly >> country", "raw_question": "Beverly >> country", "statement": "Beverly is in the US." }, { "answer": "Bill Clinton", "id": 49283, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "who was the last president of the US to be impeached", "raw_question": "who was the last president of the #1 to be impeached", "statement": "Bill Clinton was the last president of the US to be impeached." }, { "answer": "Arkansas Attorney General", "id": 641245, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Bill Clinton >> position held", "raw_question": "#2 >> position held", "statement": "Bill Clinton held the position of Arkansas Attorney General." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Atlantis, the Lost Continent is a 1961 American science fiction film in Metrocolor from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, produced and directed by George Pal, that stars Sal Ponti (under the screen name of Anthony Hall), Joyce Taylor, and John Dall.", "title": "Atlantis, the Lost Continent" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bondage of the Bush is a 1913 Australian silent film starring, written, produced and directed by Charles Woods. It is considered a lost film. It screened widely in country areas.", "title": "The Bondage of the Bush" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gold Coast Hospital, located at 98–136 Nerang Street, Southport was a major teaching and referral hospital and the third largest in Queensland. The Gold Coast Hospital had one of the busiest emergency departments in the state. The Hospital admitted over 60,000 patients annually.", "title": "Gold Coast Hospital" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Central America (Spanish: América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast. Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate).", "title": "Central America" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Atlantis Rising is a concept album released by heavy metal band Manilla Road in 2001. Its content revolves around the lost continent of Atlantis re-emerging and the resulting war between the Æsir and Great Old Ones over the continent.", "title": "Atlantis Rising" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The rand takes its name from the Witwatersrand (\"white waters' ridge\" in English), the ridge upon which Johannesburg is built and where most of South Africa's gold deposits were found.", "title": "South African rand" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Desert Gold is a 1926 silent American Western film directed by George B. Seitz. According to silentera.com the film survives while Arne Andersen Lost Film Files has it as a lost film. Portions of the film were shot near Palm Springs, California.", "title": "Desert Gold (1926 film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya.", "title": "Libya" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thieves' Gold is a 1918 American Western film directed by John Ford and featuring Harry Carey. It is considered to be a lost film.", "title": "Thieves' Gold" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wayne liked the location work in Rome and Libya. The plot is vaguely similar to another of Wayne's movies crossing the Mojave Desert. The Roman remains of Leptis Magna in Libya were used extensively as a location for the ancient city. In the script Wayne's character refers to 'Timgad' in sardonic reference to the apparent delusions of Paul's father, despite the fact this places a considerable strain on the geography of the plot. The lost city of Timgad referred to in the film was actually the Leptis Magna ruins, a Roman city dating back to the 7th century B.C. near Tripoli, in northwest Libya, while ``Timbuktu ''was actually in Zliten, Libya. Headquarters for the film were located in Ghadames, where, according to the publicity material, citizens of the villages were employed on set, as well as some native Tuaregs, an ancient desert tribe.", "title": "Legend of the Lost" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Binə (also, Bina Staraya and Biny Selo) is a settlement and municipality in Baku, Azerbaijan. It has a population of 26,395. It is the nearest urban area to Baku Airport and was once home to one of the biggest markets in the country till that was moved to a location at the southernmost edge of Baku, near Lökbatan. The new market retains the name Binə Bazaar despite its lost geographical relevance.", "title": "Binə, Baku" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hermite Islands () are the islands \"Hermite\", \"Herschel\", \"Deceit\" and \"Hornos\" as well as the islets \"Maxwell\", \"Jerdán\", \"Arrecife\", \"Chanticleer\", \"Hall\", \"Deceit (islet)\", and \"Hasse\" at almost the southernmost end of South America. The smallest and southernmost of the major islands is Hornos Island, the location of Cape Horn. The islands are located south of the Wollaston Islands and separated from them by the \"Franklin Channel\". The islets \"Terhalten\", \"Sesambre\", \"Evout\" and \"Barnevelt\" are located easterly and are not considered part of the Hermite islands.", "title": "Hermite Islands" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``(Ghost) Riders in the Sky: A Cowboy Legend ''is a cowboy - styled country / western song written in 1948 by American songwriter, film and television actor Stan Jones.", "title": "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky: A Cowboy Legend" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali (), is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over . The population of Mali is /1e6 round 1 million. 67% of its population was estimated to be under the age of 25 in 2017. Its capital is Bamako. The sovereign state of Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and mining. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent, and salt.", "title": "Mali" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Creed of Gold is a 2014 film about fictional corruption at the Federal Reserve. It was produced by Crystal Creek Media and directed by Daniel Knudsen. Filming of \"Creed of Gold\" took place in several locations near Indianapolis, Indiana and Detroit, Michigan with some additional photography taking place on location in New York City.", "title": "Creed of Gold" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.", "title": "Africa" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katze im Sack (Pig in a poke) is a German drama film directed by Florian Schwarz and written by Michael Proehl. The film's tagline translates to English as \"A romantic film for those who don't like romantic films\". Set primarily in Leipzig, two apparently lost souls find one another but struggle to find romance against circumstances and their own divisive personalities.", "title": "Katze im Sack" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine (also known by similar names) is, according to legend, a rich gold mine hidden in the southwestern United States. The location is generally believed to be in the Superstition Mountains, near Apache Junction, east of Phoenix, Arizona. There have been many stories about how to find the mine, and each year people search for the mine. Some have died on the search.", "title": "Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gambler's Gold is a 1911 Australian film based on the novel by Arthur Wright. It is considered a lost film.", "title": "Gambler's Gold" } ]

[ { "answer": "Libya", "id": 74698, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "where was the legend of the lost filmed", "raw_question": "where was the legend of the lost filmed", "statement": "The Legend of the Lost was filmed in Libya." }, { "answer": "Africa", "id": 99741, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "What continent is Libya located on?", "raw_question": "What continent is #1 located on?", "statement": "Libya is located on the continent of Africa." }, { "answer": "Witwatersrand", "id": 158257, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Where can you find the majority of gold in the southernmost country in Africa ?", "raw_question": "Where can you find the majority of gold in the southernmost country in #2 ?", "statement": "The majority of gold can be found in Witwatersrand in the southernmost country in Africa." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first \"free election\" (Polish: \"wolna elekcja\") of a king took place in 1492. (To be sure, some earlier Polish kings had been elected with help from bodies such as that which put Casimir II on the throne, thereby setting a precedent for free elections.) Only senators voted in the 1492 free election, which was won by John I Albert. For the duration of the Jagiellonian Dynasty, only members of that royal family were considered for election; later, there would be no restrictions on the choice of candidates.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "House of Tudor Tudor rose Country Kingdom of England Kingdom of Ireland Principality of Wales Origin Welsh Parent house Tudors of Penmynydd Founded 22 August 1485 Founder Henry VII Final ruler Elizabeth I Extinction 24 March 1603 Titles King of England King of Ireland King of France Lord of Ireland", "title": "House of Tudor" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aragorn Middle - Earth character Full Name Aragorn II Elessar Telcontar Race Men Gender Male Kingdoms and Cultures Reunited Kingdom Dúnedain House of Isildur Númenórean Title (s) King of the Reunited Kingdom Birth 1 March, T.A. 2931 Death 1 March, F.A. 120 (age 210) Once Owned Andúril Ring of Barahir Sceptre of Annúminas Notable Aliases Elessar (Elfstone) Telcontar (``Strider '') Thorongil (`` Eagle of the Star'') Estel (``Hope '') Family Spouse (s) Arwen Parentage Arathorn II and Gilraen; Elrond (foster father) Children Eldarion, at least two daughters Other Notable Relations Isildur Anárion Elendil Elros Book Appearances The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayed By Viggo Mortensen Major character in The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayals in adaptations The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (film)", "title": "Aragorn" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "King's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge, the college lies beside the River Cam and faces out onto King's Parade in the centre of the city.", "title": "King's College, Cambridge" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stephen Devereux was born about 1191, the eldest of three sons of Walter Devereux and Cecilia de Longchamp. Cecilia was the daughter of Sir Hugh de Longchamp and sister to William de Longchamp, Lord Chancellor of England. His father, Walter, died in 1197, and as a member of the retinue of William de Braose this probably occurred in France during May 1197 at the assault on the castle at Milly-sur-Thérain. Braose was with Richard I as he campaigned to regain his territories lost while Richard was held captive by Leopold of Austria. Walter Devereux's lands passed into the King's hands and were placed in the custody of the sheriff of Hereford, William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber. His sons were placed in the retinue of local lords for training as knights: Stephen Devereux with William Marshal, earl of Pembroke; Nicholas Devereux with Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath; and John Devereux with William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber. Stephen's mother, Cecilia, launched into a series of legal fights to preserve her dower rights and the Devereux properties.", "title": "Stephen Devereux" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Major Archibald Alexander Gordon CBE, MVO, Order of Leopold, Legion of Honour (1867 – 12 August 1949) was a Scottish soldier who served as attaché to the Military Household of King Albert I of Belgium during World War I, with the title of Belgian King's Messenger.", "title": "Archibald Alexander Gordon" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Her father, Margrave John Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach, belonged to a branch of the House of Hohenzollern and was the ruler of a small German state, the Principality of Ansbach. Caroline was orphaned at a young age and moved to the enlightened court of her guardians, King Frederick I and Queen Sophia Charlotte of Prussia. At the Prussian court, her previously limited education was widened, and she adopted the liberal outlook possessed by Sophia Charlotte, who became her good friend and whose views influenced Caroline all her life.", "title": "Caroline of Ansbach" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The cemetery grounds were assigned to the United Kingdom in perpetuity by King Albert I of Belgium in recognition of the sacrifices made by the British Empire in the defence and liberation of Belgium during the war.", "title": "Abeele Aerodrome Military Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Caroline Winberg was born in Sollentuna, Sweden. Winberg, a tomboy and aspiring professional football player in her youth for AIK from Solna a suburb north Stockholm, was en route to football training when scout Cesar Wintland spotted the 15-year-old and suggested that she consider a career in modelling.", "title": "Caroline Winberg" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Nicholas Bacon (28 December 1510 – 20 February 1579) was an English politician during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England, notable as Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. He was the father of the philosopher and statesman Sir Francis Bacon.", "title": "Nicholas Bacon (Lord Keeper)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince Leopold was born in Brussels, the first child of King Albert I of the Belgians and his consort, Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria. His father became King of the Belgians, as Albert I, in 1909 and Prince Leopold became Duke of Brabant, heir to the Belgian throne.", "title": "Leopold III of Belgium" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "G-Men from Hell (released on DVD as Michael Allred's G-Men from Hell) is a 2000 American comedy film directed by Christopher Coppola and written by Robert Cooper, Richard L. Albert, and Nicholas Johnson. It is based on Michael Allred's comic book series \"Grafik Muzik\" published by Caliber Press. It stars William Forsythe and Tate Donovan as two violent FBI agents who die, go to hell, and escape back to Earth, where they become embroiled in a mystery.", "title": "G-Men from Hell" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Albert ( , ; c. 1338 – 1 April 1412) was King of Sweden from 1364 to 1389 and Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1384 to 1412 as Albert III.", "title": "Albert, King of Sweden" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His birthday (14 December 1895) was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather, Prince Albert, the Prince Consort. Uncertain of how the Prince Consort's widow, Queen Victoria, would take the news of the birth, the Prince of Wales wrote to the Duke of York that the Queen had been \"rather distressed\". Two days later, he wrote again: \"I really think it would gratify her if you yourself proposed the name Albert to her\". Queen Victoria was mollified by the proposal to name the new baby Albert, and wrote to the Duchess of York: \"I am all impatience to see the new one, born on such a sad day but rather more dear to me, especially as he will be called by that dear name which is a byword for all that is great and good\". Consequently, he was baptised \"Albert Frederick Arthur George\" at St. Mary Magdalene's Church near Sandringham three months later.[a] As a great-grandson of Queen Victoria, he was known formally as His Highness Prince Albert of York from birth. Within the family, he was known informally as \"Bertie\". His maternal grandmother, the Duchess of Teck, did not like the first name the baby had been given, and she wrote prophetically that she hoped the last name \"may supplant the less favoured one\".", "title": "George VI" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John I Albert () (27 December 1459 – 17 June 1501) was King of Poland (1492–1501) and Duke of Głogów (1491–1498).", "title": "John I Albert" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2011 census recorded that 2,998,264 people or 36.7% of London's population are foreign-born making London the city with the second largest immigrant population, behind New York City, in terms of absolute numbers. The table to the right shows the most common countries of birth of London residents. Note that some of the German-born population, in 18th position, are British citizens from birth born to parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany. With increasing industrialisation, London's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was for some time in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the most populous city in the world. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War, but had declined to 7,192,091 at the 2001 Census. However, the population then grew by just over a million between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses, to reach 8,173,941 in the latter enumeration.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas III, Lord of Mecklenburg (after 1230 – 8 June 1289 or 1290) was from 1264 to 1289 Lord of Mecklenburg.", "title": "Nicholas III, Lord of Mecklenburg" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the churches eventually worked out their differences and came to an initial agreement, both Nicholas I of Russia and Napoleon III refused to back down. Nicholas issued an ultimatum that the Orthodox subjects of the Empire be placed under his protection. Britain attempted to mediate, and arranged a compromise that Nicholas agreed to. When the Ottomans demanded changes, Nicholas refused and prepared for war. Having obtained promises of support from France and Britain, the Ottomans officially declared war on Russia in October 1853.", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas I, Lord of Mecklenburg (also known as \"Niklot I\"; before 1164 – 25 May 1200, near Waschow, now part of Wittendörp), was the ruling Lord of Mecklenburg from 1178 until his death. He was the son of Wertislaw, Lord of Rostock and Prince of the Obotrites.", "title": "Nicholas I, Lord of Mecklenburg" } ]

[ { "answer": "Sweden", "id": 104623, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Which country's citizen was Caroline Winberg?", "raw_question": "Which country's citizen was Caroline Winberg?", "statement": "Caroline Winberg is a Swedish citizen." }, { "answer": "Mecklenburg", "id": 387516, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Albert, King of Sweden >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Albert, King of #1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Albert, King of Sweden, was born in Mecklenburg." }, { "answer": "Wittendörp", "id": 145746, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "In what city did Nicholas I, Lord of Mecklenburg die?", "raw_question": "In what city did Nicholas I, Lord of #2 die?", "statement": "Nicholas I, Lord of Mecklenburg, died in Wittendörp." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of France in London is the diplomatic mission of France to the United Kingdom. Located just off Knightsbridge at Albert Gate, one of the entrances to Hyde Park, it is situated immediately opposite the Embassy of Kuwait.", "title": "Embassy of France, London" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Her Country's Call is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by Lloyd Ingraham. The film is the final installment in a series a films written by Abraham Lincoln impersonator Benjamin Chapin.", "title": "Her Country's Call" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Abraham Hirsch (16 August 1815, Stockholm - 23 February 1900, Stockholm) was a Swedish music publisher, politician, and businessman. He played an instrumental role in establishing the Swedish Art Music Society in 1859. From 1869-1876 he was the CFO of \"Aftonbladet\" and for many year he was a councilman for the city of Stockholm. As a music publisher he published works for several notable Swedish composers, including Isidor Dannström, Ivar Hallström, Jacob Axel Josephson, Adolf Fredrik Lindblad, August Söderman, Emil Sjögren, and Gunnar Wennerberg among others.", "title": "Abraham Hirsch" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Iranian Embassy siege took place from 30 April to 5 May 1980, after a group of six armed men stormed the Iranian embassy in South Kensington, London. The gunmen, members of an Iranian Arab group campaigning for Arab national sovereignty in the southern Iranian region of Khuzestan Province, took 26 people hostage -- mostly embassy staff, but also several visitors as well as a police officer who had been guarding the embassy. They demanded the release of Arab prisoners from prisons in Khuzestan and their own safe passage out of the United Kingdom. Margaret Thatcher's government quickly resolved that safe passage would not be granted, and a siege ensued. Over the following days, police negotiators secured the release of five hostages in exchange for minor concessions, such as the broadcasting of the hostage - takers' demands on British television.", "title": "Iranian Embassy siege" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Even If\" is a song by Andy Abraham and the United Kingdom's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2008, which took place in Belgrade, Serbia. It was released on 19 May 2008, stated by his official website.", "title": "Even If (Andy Abraham song)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gaston Cailleux was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. With Henri Monnot as helmsman and fellow crewmember Léon Tellier, Cailleux took 3rd place in first race of the 0 to 0.5 ton and finished 4th in the second race.", "title": "Gaston Cailleux" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed.", "title": "Embassy of Bulgaria, London" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Abraham H. Esbenshade House is located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.", "title": "Abraham H. Esbenshade House" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiss Me General (original title: Martin Soldat) is a 1966 French comedy film directed by Michel Deville and starring Robert Hirsch, Véronique Vendell, Walter Rilla, Marlène Jobert and Anthony Sharp. An actor disguises himself as a soldier during the Second World War, but is mistaken for a soldier and becomes a war hero during the Allied Liberation of France in 1944.", "title": "Kiss Me General" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names \"United Provinces of the Netherlands\" and \"United Netherlands\" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the \"Southern provinces\") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.", "title": "Dutch Republic" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of France in Stockholm is the diplomatic mission of the French Republic in Sweden. The chancery is located at Kommendörsgatan 13.", "title": "Embassy of France, Stockholm" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barbara Aland, née Ehlers (born 12 April 1937 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster until 2002.", "title": "Barbara Aland" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nigerian passports can be applied for either at the physical location of the Nigeria Immigration Services, or by making submission through its website. Nigerians living in other countries may obtain passports through the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate.", "title": "Nigerian passport" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne Pierre d'Harcourt was a French nobleman, notable as a duke of Harcourt and the fourth marshal of France from the House of Harcourt. He was the son of Henry d'Harcourt and great grandson of Abraham de Fabert, both marshals of France.", "title": "Anne Pierre d'Harcourt" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Armenia–Singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Armenia and Singapore. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Embassy of Armenia in Beijing, China is accredited to Singapore. Singapore has no representation in Armenia.", "title": "Armenia–Singapore relations" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Åland is a collection of around 6,500 islands in the Baltic Sea, midway between Sweden and Finland. The islands are almost exclusively Swedish-speaking, but in 1809, the Åland Islands, along with Finland, were taken by Imperial Russia. In December 1917, during the turmoil of the Russian October Revolution, Finland declared its independence, but most of the Ålanders wished to rejoin Sweden. The Finnish government considered the islands to be a part of their new nation, as the Russians had included Åland in the Grand Duchy of Finland, formed in 1809. By 1920, the dispute had escalated to the point that there was danger of war. The British government referred the problem to the League's Council, but Finland would not let the League intervene, as they considered it an internal matter. The League created a small panel to decide if it should investigate the matter and, with an affirmative response, a neutral commission was created. In June 1921, the League announced its decision: the islands were to remain a part of Finland, but with guaranteed protection of the islanders, including demilitarisation. With Sweden's reluctant agreement, this became the first European international agreement concluded directly through the League.", "title": "League of Nations" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucien Baudrier (13 December 1861 – 22 October 1930) was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. Baudrier also took, as crew, the Bronze medal in the first race of the 1 to 2 ton and the 4th place in the second race of the 1 to 2 ton.", "title": "Lucien Baudrier" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Armenia in London is the diplomatic mission of Armenia in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1992.", "title": "Embassy of Armenia, London" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dubosq was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. Dubosq also took, as crew, the Bronze medal in the first race of the 1 to 2 ton and the 4th place in the second race of the 1 to 2 ton.", "title": "Dubosq" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation.", "title": "List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France" } ]

[ { "answer": "Stockholm", "id": 146270, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "In what place did Abraham Hirsch die?", "raw_question": "In what place did Abraham Hirsch die?", "statement": "Abraham Hirsch died in Stockholm." }, { "answer": "Sweden", "id": 548045, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Embassy of France, Stockholm >> country", "raw_question": "Embassy of France, #1 >> country", "statement": "The Embassy of France is located in Sweden." }, { "answer": "December 1917", "id": 159613, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "When did Alanders rejoin Sweden ?", "raw_question": "When did Alanders rejoin #2 ?", "statement": "Alanders rejoined Sweden in December 1917." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The single most important piece of Byzantine Christian mosaic art in the East is the Madaba Map, made between 542 and 570 as the floor of the church of Saint George at Madaba, Jordan. It was rediscovered in 1894. The Madaba Map is the oldest surviving cartographic depiction of the Holy Land. It depicts an area from Lebanon in the north to the Nile Delta in the south, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Eastern Desert. The largest and most detailed element of the topographic depiction is Jerusalem, at the center of the map. The map is enriched with many naturalistic features, like animals, fishing boats, bridges and palm trees", "title": "Mosaic" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves, And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves. ''", "title": "Cleansing of the Temple" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John were heavily influenced by Sir Walter Scott's historical romance, Ivanhoe, which presented \"an almost totally unfavourable picture\" of the king; the work drew on Victorian histories of the period and on Shakespeare's play. Scott's work influenced the late 19th-century children's writer Howard Pyle's book The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, which in turn established John as the principal villain within the traditional Robin Hood narrative. During the 20th century, John was normally depicted in fictional books and films alongside Robin Hood. Sam De Grasse's role as John in the black-and-white 1922 film version shows John committing numerous atrocities and acts of torture. Claude Rains played John in the 1938 colour version alongside Errol Flynn, starting a trend for films to depict John as an \"effeminate ... arrogant and cowardly stay-at-home\". The character of John acts either to highlight the virtues of King Richard, or contrasts with the Sheriff of Nottingham, who is usually the \"swashbuckling villain\" opposing Robin. An extreme version of this trend can be seen in the Disney cartoon version, for example, which depicts John, voiced by Peter Ustinov, as a \"cowardly, thumbsucking lion\". Popular works that depict John beyond the Robin Hood legends, such as James Goldman's play and later film, The Lion in Winter, set in 1183, commonly present him as an \"effete weakling\", in this instance contrasted with the more masculine Henry II, or as a tyrant, as in A. A. Milne's poem for children, \"King John's Christmas\".", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Politics of the Business is the third album by American hip hop producer Prince Paul. This album is considered to be a concept album similar to \"A Prince Among Thieves\". The concept for this album, however, is the concept of following-up a concept album that did not sell too well (that album being \"A Prince Among Thieves\"). The album features guest appearances from Ice-T, DJ Jazzy Jeff, MF Doom, Biz Markie, Chuck D, Dave Chappelle, Chris Rock, and more.", "title": "Politics of the Business" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scene in the Northwest: Portrait of John Henry Lefroy, also known as The Surveyor, is a painting by Paul Kane circa 1845. It sold at auction in 2002 for C$5.1 million, making it the most expensive Canadian painting ever sold at that time. It was purchased by media magnate Ken Thomson, who donated it to the Art Gallery of Ontario. The painting depicts British explorer John Henry Lefroy on his successful expedition to map the Magnetic North Pole.", "title": "Scene in the Northwest: Portrait of John Henry Lefroy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince Charles Island is a large, low-lying island with an area of , making it the world's 77th largest island and the 19th largest island in Canada. It is located in Foxe Basin, off the west coast of Baffin Island, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. Despite the island's size, it was not discovered until 1932, when the tug captain W. A. Poole first sighted it. His information never made it onto any published map. It was rediscovered in 1948 by Albert-Ernest Tomkinson navigating an Avro Lancaster for the RCAF 408 (Photo) Squadron, though it was likely known to the local Inuit long before that. The island was named for Prince Charles, who was born the same year. The island is uninhabited and its temperatures are extremely cold.", "title": "Prince Charles Island" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Holy Family with Saint John the Baptist is an oil painting by Italian artist Giovanni Francesco Bezzi, also known as Nosadella, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. Painted roughly 1550-1560, it depicts Jesus, Mary, Joseph, and John in a powerful, Mannerist style.", "title": "The Holy Family with Saint John the Baptist" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Submission of Prince Dipo Negoro to General De Kock () is an oil painting on canvas painted by Nicolaas Pieneman between 1830 and 1835. It depicts, from a victorious Dutch colonial perspective, the capture of Prince Diponegoro in 1830, which signaled the end of the Java War (1825–1830).", "title": "The Submission of Prince Dipo Negoro to General De Kock" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves is a 1991 American romantic action adventure film. The film, an iteration of the legendary English folk tale, was directed by Kevin Reynolds. The film's principal cast includes Kevin Costner as Robin Hood, Morgan Freeman as Azeem, Christian Slater as Will Scarlet, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Maid Marian, and Alan Rickman as the Sheriff of Nottingham.", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Hancock Center John Hancock Center Show map of Chicago Show map of Illinois Show map of the US Show all Location within Chicago General information Status Complete Architectural style Structural Expressionism Location Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Coordinates 41 ° 53 ′ 56 ''N 87 ° 37 ′ 23'' W  /  41.8988 ° N 87.6230 ° W  / 41.8988; - 87.6230 Coordinates: 41 ° 53 ′ 56 ''N 87 ° 37 ′ 23'' W  /  41.8988 ° N 87.6230 ° W  / 41.8988; - 87.6230 Construction started 1965 Completed 1969 Cost $100,000,000 Owner The Hearn Company Height Architectural 1,128 ft (343.7 m) Tip 1,500 ft (457 m) Roof 1,127 ft (344 m) Top floor 1,054 ft (321 m) Observatory 1,030 ft (314 m) Technical details Floor count 100 Floor area 2,799,973 sq ft (260,126 m) Lifts / elevators 50, made by Otis Elevator Company Design and construction Architect Fazlur Rahman Khan Skidmore, Owings and Merrill Developer John Hancock Insurance Main contractor Tishman Construction Co. Website www.360chicago.com References", "title": "John Hancock Center" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro (also The Arrest of Prince Diponegoro; Indonesian: \"Penangkapan Pangeran Diponegoro\"; Dutch: \"Gevangenname van Prins Diponegoro\") is the name of an 1857 painting by Raden Saleh, depicting the capture of Prince Diponegoro by Lieutenant General Hendrik Merkus de Kock on 28 March 1830.", "title": "The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cluculz Lake is a settlement in British Columbia, located 40 km west of Prince George alongside the Yellowhead Highway. The word \"Cluculz\" is translated Big Whitefish and is based on a story told by local Carrier people of a group who paddled across the lake in their canoe and were tipped over by a giant Whitefish.", "title": "Cluculz Lake" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) and colloquially Great Britain (GB) or simply Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍ -- ‌the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west, giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union (EU).", "title": "United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thieves' Gold is a 1918 American Western film directed by John Ford and featuring Harry Carey. It is considered to be a lost film.", "title": "Thieves' Gold" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio (born November 17, 1958) is an American actress and singer. She made her Broadway debut in the 1980 revival of West Side Story, and went on to appear in the 1983 film Scarface as Al Pacino's character's sister, Gina Montana. For her role as Carmen in the 1986 film The Color of Money, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other film roles include The Abyss (1989), Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), and The Perfect Storm (2000). In 2003, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for the Broadway revival of Man of La Mancha.", "title": "Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Poughkeepsie, Tramps and Thieves\" is the eleventh episode of the third season of the American mystery television series \"Veronica Mars\", and the fifty-fifth episode overall. Written by executive producer Diane Ruggiero and directed by John T. Kretchmer, the episode premiered on The CW on January 30, 2007. The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a college student while moonlighting as a private detective.", "title": "Poughkeepsie, Tramps and Thieves" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves is a 1991 American romantic action adventure film, based on the English folk tale of Robin Hood which originated in the 15th century. The film was directed by Kevin Reynolds. The film's principal cast includes Kevin Costner as Robin Hood, Morgan Freeman as Azeem, Christian Slater as Will Scarlet, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Maid Marian, and Alan Rickman as the Sheriff of Nottingham.", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amos Doolittle (May 18, 1754 – January 30, 1832) was an American engraver and silversmith, known as \"The Revere of Connecticut.\" His engravings included portraits and maps, made in his New Haven, Connecticut studio. He became famous for his four engravings depicting the Battles of Lexington and Concord, which were based on his first-hand reconnaissance of the battlefield.", "title": "Amos Doolittle" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's a Cop is a 1934 British comedy film directed by Maclean Rogers and starring Sydney Howard, Chili Bouchier and Garry Marsh. It was made at Elstree Studios. An incompetent police constable gets a lucky break and catches some thieves, earning promotion to sergeant.", "title": "It's a Cop" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Principal exteriors were shot on location in the United Kingdom. A second unit filmed the medieval walls and towers of the Cité de Carcassonne in the town of Carcassonne in Aude, France, for the portrayal of Nottingham and its castle. Locksley Castle was Wardour Castle in Wiltshire -- restored in an early shot using a matte painting. Marian's manor was filmed at Hulne Priory in Northumberland. Scenes set in Sherwood Forest were filmed throughout England: Burnham Beeches in Buckinghamshire was used for the outlaws' encampment, Aysgarth Falls in Yorkshire for the fight scene between Robin and Little John, and Hardraw Force in North Yorkshire was the location where Marian sees Robin bathing. Sycamore Gap on Hadrian's Wall was used for the scene when Robin first confronts the sheriff's men. Chalk cliffs at Seven Sisters, Sussex were used as the locale for Robin's return to England from the Crusades.", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" } ]

[ { "answer": "Robin Hood", "id": 14045, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Who was John depicted alongside?", "raw_question": "Who was John depicted alongside?", "statement": "Robin Hood was depicted alongside John in Prince of Thieves." }, { "answer": "the United Kingdom", "id": 93667, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "where was Robin Hood prince of thieves made", "raw_question": "where was #1 prince of thieves made", "statement": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves was made in the United Kingdom." }, { "answer": "Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland", "id": 78953, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "where is the United Kingdom located on the map", "raw_question": "where is #2 located on the map", "statement": "The United Kingdom is located on the map, lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War the ships of the fleet became dispersed over various countries, and Soviet Russia made efforts via international courts to have them returned. Dobroflot was restored in the Soviet Union in 1922 and included into the Sovtorgflot (\"Soviet Commercial Fleet\") in 1925.", "title": "Dobroflot" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Soviet generals with extensive combat experience from the Second World War were sent to North Korea as the Soviet Advisory Group. These generals completed the plans for the attack by May. The original plans called for a skirmish to be initiated in the Ongjin Peninsula on the west coast of Korea. The North Koreans would then launch a \"counterattack\" that would capture Seoul and encircle and destroy the South Korean army. The final stage would involve destroying South Korean government remnants, capturing the rest of South Korea, including the ports.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With an area of 2,700,000 square kilometres (1,000,000 sq mi) – equivalent in size to Western Europe – Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country and largest landlocked country in the world. While it was part of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan lost some of its territory to China's Xinjiang autonomous region and some to Uzbekistan's Karakalpakstan autonomous republic.", "title": "Kazakhstan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula jutting out from the far east of the Asian land mass. The only country with a land border to South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of border running along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. South Korea is mostly surrounded by water and has 2,413 kilometres (1,499 mi) of coast line along three seas; to the west is the Yellow Sea (known in Korea as West Sea), to the south is the East China Sea, and to the east is the Sea of Japan (known in Korea as East Sea). Geographically, South Korea's land mass is approximately 100,032 square kilometres (38,623 sq mi). 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi) of South Korea are occupied by water. The approximate coordinates are 37 ° North, 127 ° 30 East. Notable islands include Jeju Island (Jejudo), Ulleung Island (Ulleungdo), and Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo, known in Japan as Takeshima).", "title": "Geography of South Korea" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The nuclear arms race was a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War. During this period, in addition to the American and Soviet nuclear stockpiles, other countries developed nuclear weapons, though none engaged in warhead production on nearly the same scale as the two superpowers.", "title": "Nuclear arms race" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 soldiers, followed by fighting outside Gharm that left 3 militants dead. To date the country's Interior Ministry asserts that the central government maintains full control over the country's east, and the military operation in the Rasht Valley was concluded in November 2010. However, fighting erupted again in July 2012. In 2015 Russia will send more troops to Tajikistan, as confirmed by a report of STRATFOR (magazine online)", "title": "Tajikistan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Militarization was another aspect of the Soviet state. Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military. Most of the sea shore and all sea islands (including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) were declared \"border zones\". People not actually residing there were restricted from travelling to them without a permit. A notable closed military installation was the city of Paldiski, which was entirely closed to all public access. The city had a support base for the Soviet Baltic Fleet's submarines and several large military bases, including a nuclear submarine training centre complete with a full-scale model of a nuclear submarine with working nuclear reactors. The Paldiski reactors building passed into Estonian control in 1994 after the last Russian troops left the country. Immigration was another effect of Soviet occupation. Hundreds of thousands of migrants were relocated to Estonia from other parts of the Soviet Union to assist industrialisation and militarisation, contributing an increase of about half a million people within 45 years.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet -- Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. Insurgent groups known as the mujahideen fought against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government, mostly in the country's rural countryside. The mujahideen groups were backed by the United States and Pakistan, making it a Cold War proxy war. Between 562,000 and 2,000,000 civilians were killed and millions of Afghans fled the country as refugees, mostly to Pakistan and Iran.", "title": "Soviet–Afghan War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label \"Sovdepia\" for the nascent state of the \"Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies\".", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Democracy and Totalitarianism is a book by French philosopher and political scientist Raymond Aron. It compares the political systems of the Soviet Union and the democratic countries of the West.", "title": "Democracy and Totalitarianism" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Deoksancheon is a river of South Korea. It is a tributary of the Hongcheon River in the Han River system. The river is located in a high altitude area. There are alluvium deposits along the lower end of the stream.", "title": "Deoksancheon" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked. Relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual non-intervention in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for national sovereignty, and political independence. However, almost all governments of those member states were indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rank Athlete Nation Sport Sex Marit Bjørgen Norway Cross-country 8 15 Ole Einar Bjørndalen Norway Biathlon 8 13 Bjørn Dæhlie Norway Cross-country 8 0 12 Ireen Wüst Netherlands Speed skating 5 5 11 5 Raisa Smetanina Soviet Union Unified Team Cross-country 5 10 6 Stefania Belmondo Italy Cross-country 5 10 7 Lyubov Yegorova Unified Team Russia Cross-country 6 0 9 8 Claudia Pechstein Germany Speed skating 5 9 9 Sixten Jernberg Sweden Cross-country 9 10 Sven Kramer Netherlands Speed skating 9 11 Charlotte Kalla Sweden Cross-country 6 0 9 12 Uschi Disl Germany Biathlon 9 13 Viktor Ahn South Korea Russia Short track 6 0 8 14 Ricco Groß Germany Biathlon 8 Emil Hegle Svendsen Norway Biathlon 8 16 Galina Kulakova Soviet Union Cross-country 8 Kjetil André Aamodt Norway Alpine skiing 8 Sven Fischer Germany Biathlon 8 19 Karin Enke East Germany Speed skating 8 Gunda Niemann - Stirnemann Germany Speed skating 8 21 Apolo Anton Ohno United States Short track 8 22 Arianna Fontana Italy Short track 5 8", "title": "List of multiple Winter Olympic medalists" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maghrebi mint tea (at - tāy): (Arabic: الشاي ‎ aš - šāy; Maghrebi Arabic: التاي at - tāy) also known as Moroccan mint tea, is a green tea prepared with spearmint leaves and sugar, traditional to the Maghreb region (the northwest African countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Mauritania). The tea was originally made by English traders and has spread in popularity throughout Africa, France, and other neighboring countries. Known for its flavor and vitality, the fresh mint used to prepare the at - tāy helps to clear the palate after meals.", "title": "Arabic tea" } ]

[ { "answer": "South Korea", "id": 326177, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Deoksancheon >> country", "raw_question": "Deoksancheon >> country", "statement": "Deoksancheon is in North Korea, so the Soviets sent someone to South Korea." }, { "answer": "North Korea", "id": 58005, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "what are the neighboring countries of South Korea", "raw_question": "what are the neighboring countries of #1", "statement": "The neighboring countries of South Korea are North Korea." }, { "answer": "Soviet generals", "id": 18308, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Who did the Soviets send to North Korea ?", "raw_question": "Who did the Soviets send to #2 ?", "statement": "The Soviets sent Soviet generals to North Korea." } ]

[ "the Soviet Union", "Soviet Union", "SU", "Soviets" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film was directed by McG, adapted by screenwriters Ryan Rowe, Ed Solomon and John August, and starred Cameron Diaz, Drew Barrymore and Lucy Liu as three women working in a private detective agency in Los Angeles. John Forsythe reprised his role as the unseen Charlie's voice from the original series. Making cameo appearances are Tom Green (who was dating Barrymore at the time of production) and LL Cool J.", "title": "Charlie's Angels (disambiguation)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matthew Maty (17 May 1718 – 2 July 1776), originally Matthieu Maty, was a Dutch physician and writer of Huguenot background, and after migration to England secretary of the Royal Society and the second principal librarian of the British Museum.", "title": "Matthew Maty" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Terminal is a 2004 American comedy - drama film directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Tom Hanks and Catherine Zeta - Jones. The film is about a man who becomes stuck in New York's John F. Kennedy Airport terminal when he is denied entry into the United States and at the same time can not return to his native country because of a military coup.", "title": "The Terminal" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jace Norman as Henry Hart / Kid Danger Cooper Barnes as Ray Manchester / Captain Man Riele Downs as Charlotte Sean Ryan Fox as Jasper Dunlop Ella Anderson as Piper Hart", "title": "Henry Danger" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the French Crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, many Huguenots settled in Ireland in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, encouraged by an act of parliament for Protestants' settling in Ireland. Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin. Significant Huguenot settlements were in Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal. Smaller settlements, which included Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Captain Morgan Type Rum Manufacturer Diageo Country of origin Kingston, Jamaica Introduced 1944 Alcohol by volume 17.5% - 50% Proof (US) 70 (Original) Colour Golden Variants Parrot Bay Private Stock Silver Spiced Tattoo 100 Proof Long Island Iced Tea Lime Bite Black 1671 Related products List of rum producers Website Captainmorgan.com", "title": "Captain Morgan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the origin and fate of the original shield were not described in the original comics from the 1940s, the shield's fate was revealed decades later in 2001 through a retconned story. According to the tale, King T'Chaka of the African nation Wakanda met Captain America in early 1941 and gave him a second sample of vibranium, an alien metal with unique vibration absorption properties and found only in Wakanda and the Savage Land. The new Vibranium sample was used to make Captain America's circular shield and his triangular one was retired.", "title": "Captain America's shield" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat. Set during the Invasion of Normandy in World War II, the film is notable for its graphic portrayal of war, and for the intensity of its opening 27 minutes, which includes a depiction of the Omaha Beach assault during the Normandy landings. It follows United States Army Rangers Captain John H. Miller (Tom Hanks) and a squad (Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Giovanni Ribisi, Vin Diesel, Adam Goldberg, and Jeremy Davies) as they search for a paratrooper, Private First Class James Francis Ryan (Matt Damon), who is the last - surviving brother of four servicemen.", "title": "Saving Private Ryan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Haneda Airport International Terminal Station is a railway station at Tokyo International Airport in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan. The station is operated by the private railway operator by Keikyu and Tokyo Monorail. The station opened on October 21, 2010. The operators use different names for the station in Japanese:", "title": "Haneda Airport International Terminal Station" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "BULLET::::- Captain Bernard \"Barney\" Miller (Hal Linden) is the sensible captain of the precinct who uses his odd and dry sense of humor to retain his sanity while dealing with the foibles of his staff and the unending stream of budget problems and paperwork that make up his job. He gets passed over for a promotion to deputy inspector several times during the series' run before reaching that rank in the series finale.", "title": "Barney Miller" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ryan Suter (born January 21, 1985) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman and alternate captain with the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Nashville Predators.", "title": "Ryan Suter" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jessé de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia. A number of New Amsterdam's families were of Huguenot origin, often having emigrated as refugees to the Netherlands in the previous century. In 1628 the Huguenots established a congregation as L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church in New Amsterdam). This parish continues today as L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit, part of the Episcopal (Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world. Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbor at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighborhood now known as Bushwick.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Several prominent German military, cultural, and political figures were ethnic Huguenot, including poet Theodor Fontane, General Hermann von François, the hero of the First World War Battle of Tannenberg, Luftwaffe General and fighter ace Adolf Galland, Luftwaffe flying ace Hans-Joachim Marseille, and famed U-boat captain Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière. The last Prime Minister of the (East) German Democratic Republic, Lothar de Maizière, is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizière.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Highest - earning actors in films Actor Film Year Salary Total income Ref Keanu Reeves The Matrix Reloaded The Matrix Revolutions 2003 $30,000,000 $156,000,000 Bruce Willis The Sixth Sense 1999 $14,000,000 $100,000,000 Tom Cruise Mission: Impossible 2 2000 $100,000,000 Tom Cruise War of the Worlds 2005 $100,000,000 Will Smith Men in Black 3 2012 $100,000,000 Robert Downey, Jr. Iron Man 3 2013 $75,000,000 Sandra Bullock Gravity 2013 $20,000,000 $70,000,000 + Tom Hanks Forrest Gump $70,000,000 Tom Cruise Mission: Impossible $70,000,000 Harrison Ford Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull 2008 $65,000,000 Jack Nicholson Batman $6,000,000 $60,000,000 Leonardo DiCaprio Inception $59,000,000 Robert Downey, Jr. Captain America: Civil War 2014 $40,000,000 $40,000,000 + Robert Downey, Jr. Avengers: Age of Ultron 2014 $40,000,000 Johnny Depp Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides 2011 $35,000,000 $55,000,000 Robert Downey, Jr. The Avengers 2012 $50,000,000 Cameron Diaz Bad Teacher 2011 $42,000,000 Leonardo DiCaprio Titanic $40,000,000 Tom Hanks Saving Private Ryan 1998 $40,000,000 Johnny Depp Alice in Wonderland $40,000,000 Aamir Khan Dangal 2016 $37,000,000 + Jim Carrey Yes Man 2008 $35,000,000 Arnold Schwarzenegger Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines 2003 $29,250,000 $30,000,000 + Mel Gibson Lethal Weapon 4 1998 $30,000,000 $30,000,000 Brad Pitt Ocean's Eleven $10,000,000 $30,000,000", "title": "List of highest paid film actors" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Track 61 is a private railway platform for the Metro - North Railroad in New York City, located beneath the Waldorf Astoria New York hotel and just outside Grand Central Terminal. The platform is part of the Grand Central Terminal complex.", "title": "Track 61 (New York City)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jason Marsden as Kovu, Zira's son and Nuka and Vitani's younger brother. Gene Miller provided Kovu's singing voice. Andrew Collins served as the supervising animator for Kovu. Ryan O'Donohue provided the voice of young Kovu.", "title": "The Lion King II: Simba's Pride" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miller grew up in East Lansing, Michigan. He started playing youth hockey in California. In youth hockey, Miller originally played as a forward, however, Miller became frustrated with the poor play of his team's goaltender, so he begged his coach as well as his father, Dean Miller, to let him try it out. His father told him that if he could get two goals and three assists the next game he would buy Ryan a catching glove. Miller finished the game with two goals and three assists in the win. His brother Drew is currently a free agent and three cousins (Kelly Miller, Kip Miller and Kevin Miller) all played in the NHL. All five attended Michigan State University, where Ryan Miller played goalie for three years.", "title": "Ryan Miller" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barry Robert Pepper (born April 4, 1970) is a Canadian actor. He played Private Daniel Jackson in Saving Private Ryan (1998), Corrections Officer Dean Stanton in The Green Mile (1999), Jonnie Goodboy Tyler in Battlefield Earth (2000), Roger Maris in 61 * (2001), Sergeant Michael Strank in Flags of Our Fathers (2006) and ``Lucky ''Ned Pepper in True Grit (2010). He has been nominated for three Screen Actors Guild Awards and a Golden Globe Award. For his role as Robert F. Kennedy in the miniseries The Kennedys (2011), Pepper won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie.", "title": "Barry Pepper" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 31 December 1687 a group of Huguenots set sail from France as the first of the large scale emigration of Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope, which took place during 1688 and 1689. In total some 180 Huguenots from France, and 18 Walloons from the present - day Belgium, eventually settled at the Cape of Good Hope. A notable example of this is the emigration of Huguenots from La Motte d'Aigues in Provence, France. After this large scale emigration, individual Huguenot immigrant families arrived at the Cape of Good Hope as late as the first quarter of the 18th century, and the state - subsidised emigration of Huguenots was stopped in 1706.", "title": "Huguenots in South Africa" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound, seemed to be the great location of the Huguenots in New York. It is said that they landed on the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called \"Bauffet's Point\" after traveling from England where they had previously taken refuge on account of religious persecution, four years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. They purchased from John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor, a tract of land consisting of six thousand one hundred acres with the help of Jacob Leisler. It was named New Rochelle after La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France. A small wooden church was first erected in the community, followed by a second church that built of stone. Previous to the erection of it, the strong men would often walk twenty-three miles on Saturday evening, the distance by the road from New Rochelle to New York, to attend the Sunday service. The church was eventually replaced by a third, Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church, which contains heirlooms including the original bell from the French Huguenot Church \"Eglise du St. Esperit\" on Pine Street in New York City, which is preserved as a relic in the tower room. The Huguenot cemetery, or \"Huguenot Burial Ground\", has since been recognized as a historic cemetery that is the final resting place for a wide range of the Huguenot founders, early settlers and prominent citizens dating back more than three centuries.", "title": "Huguenots" } ]

[ { "answer": "Tom Hanks", "id": 75023, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "who is captain miller in saving private ryan", "raw_question": "who is captain miller in saving private ryan", "statement": "Tom Hanks is the actor who played Captain Miller in Saving Private Ryan." }, { "answer": "New York", "id": 58494, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "where is Tom Hanks from in the terminal", "raw_question": "where is #1 from in the terminal", "statement": "Tom Hanks is from New York." }, { "answer": "Bauffet's Point", "id": 40561, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Where did the Huguenots land in New York originally?", "raw_question": "Where did the Huguenots land in #2 originally?", "statement": "The Huguenots originally landed at Bauffet's Point in New York." } ]

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