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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emmanuel Broutin (1826–1883) was a French fencing master, sergeant of the imperial army, emigrated to Spain where he proceeded his career for the queen Isabella II of Spain before managing his fencing hall in Madrid.", "title": "Emmanuel Broutin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Infanta Isabel of Coimbra (Isabella of Portugal) (1 March 1432 – 2 December 1455) was a Portuguese infanta and a queen consort of Portugal as the first spouse of King Afonso V of Portugal.", "title": "Isabel of Coimbra" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain (10 March 1794 – 13 August 1865) was an Infante of Spain and the youngest son of Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma. He was a brother of Ferdinand VII, as well as the uncle and father-in-law of Isabella II.", "title": "Infante Francisco de Paula, Duke of Cádiz" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vicente Sancho y Cobertores (1784 in Petrés, Spain – 1860 in Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish politician and militant who served as Prime Minister of Spain and Minister of State in 1840 during the reign of Queen Isabella II.", "title": "Vicente Sancho y Cobertores" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Things My Father Never Taught Me is a 2012 short comedy film written and directed by Burleigh Smith and starring Smith, Aiden Papamihail, Bridie Carter and Isabella Paris Hamer. The film has the distinction of being accepted into over one hundred and thirty film festivals across nineteen countries.", "title": "The Things My Father Never Taught Me" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isabella is a small, unincorporated community in Ozark County, Missouri. It is located about thirteen miles west of Gainesville and two miles east of Theodosia and Bull Shoals Lake along U.S. Highway 160. Although it is unincorporated, Isabella has a post office with the ZIP code 65676.", "title": "Isabella, Missouri" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sirretta Peak is a mountain located in the southern Sierra Nevada in California. It rises to an elevation of north of Highway 178 and Lake Isabella. The high elevation means that most of the precipitation the mountain receives is snow.", "title": "Sirretta Peak" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clementia of Hungary (; 1293–13 October 1328) was queen of France and Navarre as the second wife of King Louis X.", "title": "Clementia of Hungary" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isabella of Austria ( 18 July 1501 – 19 January 1526), also known as Elizabeth, Archduchess of Austria and Infanta of Castile and Aragon, was Queen of Denmark, Sweden and Norway as the wife of King Christian II. She was the daughter of King Philip I and Queen Joanna of Castile and the sister of Emperor Charles V. She was born at Brussels. She served as regent of Denmark in 1520.", "title": "Isabella of Austria" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis of Évreux (also called \"of Navarre\"; 1341 – 1376) was the youngest son of Philip III of Navarre and Joan II of Navarre. He inherited the county of Beaumont-le-Roger from his father (1343) and became Duke of Durazzo in right of his second wife, Joanna, in 1366.", "title": "Louis, Duke of Durazzo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isabella of Lusignan (c.1224 – 14 January 1300) was a daughter of Hugh X of Lusignan and his wife Isabella of Angoulême, Dowager Queen of England. Isabella was half-sister to King Henry III of England. She was Dame de Beauvoir-sur Mer et de Mercillac.", "title": "Isabella of Lusignan" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John, Prince of Asturias (; 30 June 1478 – 4 October 1497), was the only son of Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon who survived to adulthood.", "title": "John, Prince of Asturias" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Allan Kardec () is the pen name of the French educator, translator and author Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (; 3 October 1804 – 31 March 1869). He is the author of the five books known as the Spiritist Codification, and is the founder of Spiritism.", "title": "Allan Kardec" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He studied science at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, where he was influenced by scientists that included biologist Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau, zoologist Alphonse Milne-Edwards, and anthropologist Ernest Hamy. From 1889 to 1892, he was employed as a chemical engineer at the French-owned El Boleo mining installation in Santa Rosalia, Baja California Sur. During that period, he explored the peninsula's interior, collecting natural history specimens for the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. Afterwards, from 1893 to 1914, he made six more trips to Mexico as an explorer and collector:", "title": "Léon Diguet" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Isabella of France (2 March 1241 – 17 April 1271) was a daughter of Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence. She was married to Theobald II of Navarre, eldest son of Theobald I of Navarre and Margaret of Navarre on 6 April 1255. Isabelle became Queen consort of Navarre.", "title": "Isabella of France, Queen of Navarre" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sporadic use of the term for some of the subject matter occurred subsequently, such as the use by Étienne Serres in 1838 to describe the natural history, or paleontology, of man, based on comparative anatomy, and the creation of a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850 at the National Museum of Natural History (France) by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau. Various short-lived organizations of anthropologists had already been formed. The Société Ethnologique de Paris, the first to use Ethnology, was formed in 1839. Its members were primarily anti-slavery activists. When slavery was abolished in France in 1848 the Société was abandoned.", "title": "Anthropology" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne's family also profited from the relationship. Her father, already Viscount Rochford, was created Earl of Wiltshire. Henry also came to an arrangement with Anne's Irish cousin and created him Earl of Ormond. At the magnificent banquet to celebrate her father's elevation, Anne took precedence over the Duchesses of Suffolk and Norfolk, seated in the place of honour beside the King which was usually occupied by the Queen. Thanks to Anne's intervention, her widowed sister Mary received an annual pension of £100, and Mary's son, Henry Carey, was educated at a prestigious Cistercian monastery.", "title": "Anne Boleyn" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elena Isabella Tedesco Bardi (born October 15, 1991 in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a Salvadoran beauty queen who won the Nuestra Belleza Mundo El Salvador pageant in 2009. She is daughter of an entrepreneur Salvadoran mother and Italian diplomatic father.", "title": "Elena Tedesco" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Midway is an unincorporated community in southern Santa Rosa County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Pensacola–Ferry Pass–Brent Metropolitan Statistical Area. The area, which is also known as Woodlawn Beach (which is now, as of 2010, its own CDP surrounded by Midway), is located approximately halfway between the communities of Gulf Breeze and Navarre, on the Fairpoint Peninsula. Its actual boundaries vary from source to source, but unofficially include most areas from the intersection of Soundside Drive with U.S. Highway 98, eastward until Highway 98 becomes Navarre Parkway.", "title": "Midway, Santa Rosa County, Florida" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Isabella – Cal Brewer Memorial Airport is a public use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) east of the central business district of Lake Isabella, in Isabella County, Michigan, United States. The airport is owned by the Village of Lake Isabella. It was formerly known as Lake Isabella Airpark.", "title": "Lake Isabella – Cal Brewer Memorial Airport" } ]

[ { "answer": "National Museum of Natural History", "id": 659125, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Léon Diguet >> educated at", "raw_question": "Léon Diguet >> educated at", "statement": "Léon Diguet was educated at the National Museum of Natural History." }, { "answer": "France", "id": 39490, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Where is National Museum of Natural History located?", "raw_question": "Where is #1 located?", "statement": "The National Museum of Natural History is located in France." }, { "answer": "Louis IX", "id": 820691, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Isabella of France , Queen of Navarre >> father", "raw_question": "Isabella of #2 , Queen of Navarre >> father", "statement": "Isabella of France, Queen of Navarre, was the daughter of Louis IX." } ]

[ "Louis IX of France" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States (U.S.) from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history. Largely as a result of the long - standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, war broke out in April 1861, when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, shortly after United States President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States in the South, who advocated for states' rights to uphold slavery.", "title": "American Civil War" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most serious attempt at secession was advanced in the years 1860 and 1861 as eleven southern States each declared secession from the United States, and joined together to form the Confederate States of America. This movement collapsed in 1865 with the defeat of Confederate forces by Union armies in the American Civil War.", "title": "Secession in the United States" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the population was enslaved. This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states. The state did not vote to join the Confederacy until President Abraham Lincoln called on it to invade its sister state, South Carolina, becoming the last or second-to-last state to officially join the Confederacy. The title of \"last to join the Confederacy\" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Smith Olden (February 19, 1799April 7, 1876) was an American Republican Party politician, who served as the 19th Governor of New Jersey from 1860 to 1863 during the first part of the American Civil War.", "title": "Charles Smith Olden" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Milton Smith (October 24, 1823November 25, 1890) was a Confederate infantry colonel in the American Civil War, as well as a post-war Governor of Georgia. He was noted as an ardent opponent of Radical Reconstruction.", "title": "James Milton Smith" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants. Over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Milton Thayer (January 24, 1820March 19, 1906) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and a postbellum United States Senator from Nebraska. Thayer served as Governor of Wyoming Territory and Governor of Nebraska.", "title": "John Milton Thayer" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 1860s, the Copperheads were a vocal faction of Democrats in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.", "title": "Copperhead (politics)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir John Stawell or Stowell (29 August 1600 – 21 February 1662) of Cothelstone in Somerset, was an English Member of Parliament and Royalist governor of Taunton during the English Civil War.", "title": "John Stawell" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Camp Sheppard is a former American Civil War-era training camp that existed in the 1860s in Arlington, Massachusetts on Winter Island.", "title": "Camp Sheppard (Massachusetts)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton. Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston. After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston. By 1890, Houston was the railroad center of Texas.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Damietta Governorate ( \"\") is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, and has a population of over 1 million. Its capital is the city of Damietta.", "title": "Damietta Governorate" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alonzo Garcelon (May 6, 1813 – December 8, 1906) was the 36th Governor of Maine, and a surgeon general of Maine during the American Civil War.", "title": "Alonzo Garcelon" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate cavalry retreated west, the Union soldiers followed, leading to the nearby Battle of Morrisville. The city was spared significant destruction during the War, but due to the economic problems of the post-war period and Reconstruction, with a state economy based on agriculture, it grew little over the next several decades.", "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Sprague IV (September 12, 1830September 11, 1915) was the 27th Governor of Rhode Island from 1860 to 1863, and U.S. Senator from 1863 to 1875. He participated in the First Battle of Bull Run during the American Civil War while he was a sitting Governor.", "title": "William Sprague IV" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean Baptiste Plauché (28 January 1785 – 2 January 1860) was a Louisiana soldier and politician. He was Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana, from 1850 to 1853 serving under Governor Joseph M. Walker.", "title": "Jean Baptiste Plauché" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Donegal\" (1860) was a captured Confederate steamship acquired by the Union Navy from the prize court during the American Civil War. She was put into service by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries.", "title": "USS Donegal (1860)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. A prolific writer, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and postbellum periods. As a leader of the \"New South\", Vance favored the rapid modernization of the southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North.", "title": "Zebulon Baird Vance" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Root Cellar is a children's historical novel by Janet Lunn that is set in the 1980s, although much of the action takes place in the 1860s. It follows Rose Larkin, an orphan, who travels temporally back and forth between Ontario, Canada, of the 1980s and various settings of U.S. Civil War in the 1860s. This time travel is done through the root cellar of the title.", "title": "The Root Cellar" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roswell Farnham (July 23, 1827January 5, 1903) was an American politician of the Republican Party, an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, a lawyer, and the 38th Governor of Vermont.", "title": "Roswell Farnham" } ]

[ { "answer": "Zebulon Baird Vance", "id": 22527, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Who was the governor during the Civil War?", "raw_question": "Who was the governor during the Civil War?", "statement": "This sub-question does not provide the necessary information to answer the original question. The sub-question asks about the governor during the Civil War, but the original question asks about the fraction of the population that was enslaved in 1860." }, { "answer": "North Carolina", "id": 146265, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "In what city did Zebulon Baird Vance die?", "raw_question": "In what city did #1 die?", "statement": "Zebulon Baird Vance died in North Carolina." }, { "answer": "one-third", "id": 24603, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What fraction of the population of North Carolina was enslaved in 1860?", "raw_question": "What fraction of the population of #2 was enslaved in 1860?", "statement": "One-third of the population of North Carolina was enslaved in 1860." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fort Worth Vaqueros FC is an American amateur soccer club based in Fort Worth, Texas, which began play in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) in May 2014. The Vaqueros play in the Lone Star Conference of the South Region. The club is based at Farrington Field, a facility owned by the Fort Worth Independent School District.", "title": "Fort Worth Vaqueros FC" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the summer of 2007, Tiquinho moved to Cyprus, going on to remain in the country for the following three years in representation of AEL Limassol, Anorthosis Famagusta FC – no official games – AEK Larnaca FC and AEP Paphos FC.", "title": "Tiquinho" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of \"free association\" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated \"Compact Impact\" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed]", "title": "Guam" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "EPN is known for research and education in the applied science, astronomy, atmospheric physics, engineering and physical sciences. The Geophysics Institute monitors over the country`s seismic, tectonic and volcanic activity in the continental territory and in the Galápagos Islands.", "title": "Institute of technology" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fuente Vaqueros is a farming village in the province of Granada, Spain. It lies 17 km west of the city of Granada. Its population was recorded in 2005 as 4,590. The principal crops are asparagus, olives and apples.", "title": "Fuente Vaqueros" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Davis and the Monster Orchestra were an American disco band, noted for their lead member (John \"the Monster\" Davis), who lent his name to the band as well as producing all of their output.", "title": "John Davis and the Monster Orchestra" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clear Water Bay Country Park is a rural country park located in the New Territories of eastern Hong Kong. The park is located near the beaches in Clear Water Bay. The 6.15 square kilometre park opened on 28 September 1979 with features like:", "title": "Clear Water Bay Country Park" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John F. Davis III (born 1953) is an entrepreneur, educator, CEO of Room Key, and a member of the Texas Christian University Board of Trustees. He is a co-founder of 1-800-Flowers and former CEO of both Pegasus Solutions and Birch Street Systems.", "title": "John Davis (entrepreneur)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning in 1894, the area was ruled as a protectorate by the UK, who established administrative law across the territory. Uganda gained independence from the UK on 9 October 1962. The period since then has been marked by intermittent conflicts, including a lengthy civil war against the Lord's Resistance Army in the Northern Region led by Joseph Kony, which has caused hundreds of thousands of casualties.The official languages are English and Swahili, although \"any other language may be used as a medium of instruction in schools or other educational institutions or for legislative, administrative or judicial purposes as may be prescribed by law.\" Luganda, a central language, is widely spoken across the country, and several other languages are also spoken including Runyoro, Runyankole, Rukiga, Luo and Lusoga.", "title": "Uganda" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Stonegate Mansion is located at the edge of the Stonegate neighborhood in Fort Worth, TX near the Texas Christian University campus on a hill overlooking downtown Fort Worth. Built by multimillionaire oilman T. Cullen Davis, the mansion, once a private home, has been a restaurant, a church and most recently has been renovated to become an event facility used for weddings, parties, meetings and charitable events.", "title": "Stonegate Mansion" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration was established in the year 1962 as UNESCO Asian Centre for Educational Planners, Administrators and Supervisors which later became the Asian Institute of Educational Planning and Administration in 1965, which was later converted into the National Staff College for Educational Planners and Administrators in 1973, which was again rechristened as National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA) in the year 1979. In 2006, NIEPA was given the status of a Deemed to be University", "title": "National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center) is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers. Since December 1968, the KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and even own facilities on each other's property.", "title": "Kennedy Space Center" } ]

[ { "answer": "Texas Christian University", "id": 268102, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "John Davis >> educated at", "raw_question": "John Davis >> educated at", "statement": "John Davis was educated at Texas Christian University." }, { "answer": "Fort Worth", "id": 236435, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Texas Christian University >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "The sports team Vaqueros FC is in Fort Worth." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 250802, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Fort Worth Vaqueros FC >> country", "raw_question": "#2 Vaqueros FC >> country", "statement": "The Fort Worth Vaqueros FC is from America." } ]

[ "US of A", "USA", "the States", "the United States", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "October 29 -- 30, 2012: Hurricane Sandy crossed into Canada on October 29 through to early October 30, bringing heavy rain, high winds, and in some places, snow, to Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes.", "title": "List of Canada hurricanes" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "September 10 -- 11 - Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km / h), then makes a second landfall on Marco Island with winds of 115 mph (185 km / h). It is the strongest hurricane in terms of windspeed to hit the state since Charley in 2004, and the most intense in terms of pressure since Andrew in 1992. Irma has killed at least 82 people in the state.", "title": "List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On April 12, 2014, Brown was signed as an undrafted free agent to a two-year entry-level contract with the Carolina Hurricanes. Brown was recalled to make the Hurricanes opening night roster in his first professional season in 2014–15. He made his NHL debut with the Hurricanes in a defeat to the New York Islanders on October 10, 2014. He recorded his first career NHL goal and assist on March 31, 2016, against the New York Rangers.", "title": "Patrick Brown (ice hockey)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elton John's Greatest Hits Volume II, a compilation album released in 1977, is the sixteenth official album release for Elton John. The original 1977 US version features one song from 1971 and two songs from 1974 that were not on the first greatest hits album. It also features several hit songs from 1975 and two hit singles from Elton's last year of performing in 1976.", "title": "Elton John's Greatest Hits Volume II" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city receives 49.9 inches (1,270 mm) of precipitation annually, which is fairly spread throughout the year. Average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010 has been 25.8 inches (66 cm), but this varies considerably from year to year. Hurricanes and tropical storms are rare in the New York area, but are not unheard of and always have the potential to strike the area. Hurricane Sandy brought a destructive storm surge to New York City on the evening of October 29, 2012, flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other areas of the city and cutting off electricity in many parts of the city and its suburbs. The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing seawalls and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the city and the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Maria was regarded as the worst natural disaster on record in Dominica and Puerto Rico, and caused catastrophic damage and triggered a major humanitarian crisis in the latter. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide thus far in 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma just two weeks prior. Maria was the third consecutive major hurricane to threaten the Leeward Islands in two weeks, after Irma made landfall in several of the islands two weeks prior and Hurricane Jose passed dangerously close, bringing tropical storm force winds to Barbuda.", "title": "Hurricane Maria" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The List of Florida hurricanes encompasses approximately 500 tropical or subtropical cyclones that affected the state of Florida. More storms hit Florida than any other U.S. state, and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state. Collectively, cyclones that hit the region have resulted in over 10,000 deaths, most of which occurring prior to the start of Hurricane Hunters flights in 1943. Additionally, the cumulative impact from the storms totaled over $141 billion in damage (2017 USD), primarily from Hurricane Andrew and hurricanes in the 2004 and 2005 seasons.", "title": "List of Florida hurricanes" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Sandy Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS / NWS) Satellite image of Sandy at 4: 15 p.m. EDT on October 29 as it was about to make landfall on the Jersey Shore Formed October 28, 2012 (First rainbands begin to affect New Jersey) Dissipated November 2, 2012 (Dissipated as extratropical cyclone) (Extratropical after October 29) Highest winds 1 - minute sustained: 80 mph (130 km / h) Highest gust Gusts: 100 mph (155 km / h) Lowest pressure 945 mbar (hPa); 27.91 inHg Fatalities 53 total Damage $32 billion (2012 USD) (Estimated damage total) Areas affected New York, especially the New York metropolitan area Part of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season Part of a series on Hurricane Sandy General Meteorological history Impact Greater Antilles United States Maryland and Washington, D.C. New Jersey New York New England Canada Other wikis Commons: Sandy images Wikinews: Sandy stories", "title": "Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bikini Barbershop (Also known as Bikini Barbershop: Jersey) is an American reality show on AXS TV featuring Jeff Wulkan, a man who runs a hair salon/barber shop in Long Branch, New Jersey called \"Bikini Barbers\". It mainly consists of female hair stylists, at work, wearing only bikinis. Following Hurricane Sandy, a drop in business forced the closure of the shop.", "title": "Bikini Barbershop" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Two New is an album by jazz pianist Mal Waldron and baritone saxophonist George Haslam recorded in 1995 and released on the English Slam label.", "title": "Two New" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sandy City Bank, at 212 E. Main St. in Sandy, Utah, was built in 1907. It includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals and Italian Renaissance architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.", "title": "Sandy City Bank" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Severe weather occurs regularly in North Carolina. On the average, a hurricane hits the state once a decade. Destructive hurricanes that have struck the state include Hurricane Fran, Hurricane Floyd, and Hurricane Hazel, the strongest storm to make landfall in the state, as a Category 4 in 1954. Hurricane Isabel stands out as the most damaging of the 21st century. Tropical storms arrive every 3 or 4 years. In addition, many hurricanes and tropical storms graze the state. In some years, several hurricanes or tropical storms can directly strike the state or brush across the coastal areas. Only Florida and Louisiana are hit by hurricanes more often. Although many people believe that hurricanes menace only coastal areas, the rare hurricane which moves inland quickly enough can cause severe damage; for example, in 1989, Hurricane Hugo caused heavy damage in Charlotte and even as far inland as the Blue Ridge Mountains in the northwestern part of the state. On the average, North Carolina has 50 days of thunderstorm activity per year, with some storms becoming severe enough to produce hail, flash floods, and damaging winds.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane. The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a dozen times due to storms crossing the state from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area. The strongest effect on Jacksonville was from Hurricane Dora in 1964, the only recorded storm to hit the First Coast with sustained hurricane-force winds. The eye crossed St. Augustine with winds that had just barely diminished to 110 mph (180 km/h), making it a strong Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Jacksonville also suffered damage from 2008's Tropical Storm Fay which crisscrossed the state, bringing parts of Jacksonville under darkness for four days. Similarly, four years prior to this, Jacksonville was inundated by Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne, which made landfall south of the area. These tropical cyclones were the costliest indirect hits to Jacksonville. Hurricane Floyd in 1999 caused damage mainly to Jacksonville Beach. During Floyd, the Jacksonville Beach pier was severely damaged, and later demolished. The rebuilt pier was later damaged by Fay, but not destroyed. Tropical Storm Bonnie would cause minor damage in 2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl, packing winds up to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h) which made landfall near Jacksonville Beach.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marionetas en la cuerda – Sandie Shaw canta en Español is a Spanish-language album by the British singer Sandie Shaw. It is a compilation of her recordings in this language, featuring Spanish versions of many of her hits.", "title": "Marionetas En La Cuerda – Sandie Shaw Canta En Español" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Super Quartet Live at Sweet Basil is a live album by jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring soprano saxophonist Steve Lacy recorded at Sweet Basil in New York City in 1987 and released on the Japanese Paddle Wheel label.", "title": "The Super Quartet Live at Sweet Basil" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hurricane Maria was regarded as the worst natural disaster on record in Dominica and Puerto Rico. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide of 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Maria was the third consecutive major hurricane to threaten the Leeward Islands in two weeks, after Irma made landfall in several of the islands two weeks prior and Hurricane Jose passed dangerously close, bringing tropical storm force winds to Barbuda.", "title": "Hurricane Maria" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After Sandy exited Cuba, the structure became disorganized, and it turned to the north - northwest over the Bahamas. By October 27, Sandy was no longer fully tropical, and despite strong shear, it maintained convection due to influence from an approaching trough; the same trough turned the hurricane to the northeast. After briefly weakening to a tropical storm, Sandy re-intensified into a hurricane, and on October 28 an eye began redeveloping. The storm moved around an upper - level low over the eastern United States and also to the southwest of a ridge over Atlantic Canada, turning it to the northwest. Sandy briefly re-intensified to Category 2 intensity on the morning of October 29, around which time it had a wind diameter of over 1,150 miles (1,850 km), and a central pressure of 943 mb, which set records for many cities across the Northeastern United States for the lowest pressures ever observed. The convection diminished while the hurricane accelerated toward the New Jersey coast, and the hurricane was no longer tropical by 2100 UTC on October 29. About 2 / hours later, Sandy made landfall near Brigantine, New Jersey, with winds of 80 mph (130 km / h). During the next four days, Sandy's remnants drifted northward and then northeastward over Ontario, before merging with another low pressure area over Eastern Canada on November 2.", "title": "Hurricane Sandy" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally, episodes 11 and 12 were not planned to be shown together as a two - part, one - hour combined episode, but the decision was made to present them together after the show was preempted because of Hurricane Sandy. Show co-creator Carter Bays said, ``we knew we wanted (episode 12) to be our Christmas episode, and we were thinking of creative ways to catch up... Episodes 11 and 12 really felt like two halves of the same story, so we thought, let's make this our big hour - long Christmas special. ''Before the two episodes were combined, episode 11 was entitled`` The Silence of the Jinx'' and episode 12 was entitled ``The Robin ''.", "title": "The Final Page" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sandy developed from a tropical wave in the western Caribbean Sea on October 22, quickly strengthened, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Sandy six hours later. Sandy moved slowly northward toward the Greater Antilles and gradually intensified. On October 24, Sandy became a hurricane, made landfall near Kingston, Jamaica, re-emerged a few hours later into the Caribbean Sea and strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. On October 25, Sandy hit Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane, then weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 26, Sandy moved through the Bahamas. On October 27, Sandy briefly weakened to a tropical storm and then restrengthened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 29, Sandy curved west - northwest (the ``left turn ''or`` left hook'') and then moved ashore near Brigantine, New Jersey, just to the northeast of Atlantic City, as a post-tropical cyclone with hurricane - force winds.", "title": "Hurricane Sandy" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mal Waldron", "id": 738372, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Two New >> performer", "raw_question": "Two New >> performer", "statement": "Mal Waldron was the performer of the Two New album." }, { "answer": "New York City", "id": 861630, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Mal Waldron >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Mal Waldron, the performer of the Two New album, was born in New York City." }, { "answer": "October 28, 2012", "id": 87032, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "when did hurricane sandy hit New York City", "raw_question": "when did hurricane sandy hit #2", "statement": "Hurricane Sandy hit New York City on October 28, 2012." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Singapore's water needs are anticipated to double in the next 50 years. Planned Newater output will triple to meet 50% of needs by year 2060 whilst desalination investment will raise output to meet 30% of needs. By the expiry of the 1962 water agreement in 2061, the necessity for Malaysia water import should be eliminated.", "title": "Water conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kongo Loto Lafanga is an islet of Nukufetau, Tuvalu, which is south of Lafanga islet in the North East of Nukufetau atoll.", "title": "Kongo Loto Lafanga" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The W. A. C. Bennett Dam is a large hydroelectric dam on the Peace River in northern British Columbia, Canada. At high, it is one of the world's highest earth fill dams. Construction of the dam began in 1961 and culminated in 1968. At the dam, the Finlay, the Parsnip and the Peace Rivers feed into Williston Lake, also referred to as Williston Reservoir. It is the third largest artificial lake in North America (after the Smallwood Reservoir and Manicouagan) as well as the largest body of fresh water in British Columbia. Williston Lake runs 250 kilometres north-south and 150 kilometres east-west.", "title": "W. A. C. Bennett Dam" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rainy River is a river in Presque Isle County, Michigan, in the United States. It is located in the northern part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, flowing northwest from Rainy Lake to Black Lake. Its waters, after passing through Black Lake, flow via the Black River and the Cheboygan River to Lake Huron.", "title": "Rainy River (Michigan)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Columbia Bar, also frequently called the Columbia River Bar, is a system of bars and shoals at the mouth of the Columbia River spanning the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington. The bar is about 3 miles (5 km) wide and 6 miles (10 km) long.", "title": "Columbia Bar" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Álvaro IV of Kongo, also known as Álvaro IV Nzinga a Nkuwu, was a ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo from 1631 to 1636.", "title": "Álvaro IV of Kongo" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Bend Ranges are a subrange of the Selkirk Mountains of the Columbia Mountains in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located in Big Bend of the Columbia River north of the Illecillewaet River.", "title": "Big Bend Ranges" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Colorado River Compact is a 1922 agreement among seven U.S. states in the basin of the Colorado River in the American Southwest governing the allocation of the water rights to the river's water among the parties of the interstate compact. The agreement was signed at a meeting at Bishop's Lodge, near Santa Fe, New Mexico, by representatives of the seven states the Colorado river and its tributaries pass through on the way to Mexico.", "title": "Colorado River Compact" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bonanza Range is a small mountain range on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, located in the area between the Nimpkish River and the Tsitika River. It has an area of 150 km and is a subrange of the Vancouver Island Ranges which in turn form part of the Insular Mountains.", "title": "Bonanza Range" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.", "title": "Richmond, Virginia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "Lake Oesa" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saw Kill may refer to three different bodies of water in New York. Two are tributaries and make up watersheds on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. The northernmost of these is in the Town of Stuyvesant, New York in Columbia County and the southernmost of these is in the Town of Red Hook, New York in Dutchess County. The northern Saw Kill is more commonly known as Mill Creek today. The third tributary drains into Esopus Creek on the Hudson’s west bank. This article refers to the southern body of water on the east bank as Saw Kill (east) and the body of water on the west bank as Saw Kill (west).", "title": "Saw Kill" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Muskwa Ranges are a group of mountain ranges in northern British Columbia, Canada. They are part of the Northern Rockies section of the Rocky Mountains and are bounded on their west by the Rocky Mountain Trench and on their east by the Rocky Mountain Foothills. They are delimited on the north by the Liard River and on the south by the Peace Reach of the Lake Williston reservoir (formerly the Peace River), south of which the next major grouping of the Rockies is the Hart Ranges.", "title": "Muskwa Ranges" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tokinivae is an islet of Nui atoll, in the Pacific Ocean state of Tuvalu.< Nui tradition is that Kolaka, a warrior from Nukufetau came on several raiding expeditions to Tokinivae, until he was killed and buried at Tararorae.", "title": "Tokinivae" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Murray Mouth is the point at which the River Murray meets the Southern Ocean. The Murray Mouth's location is changeable. Historical records show that the channel out to sea moves along the sand dunes over time. At times of greater river flow and rough seas, the two bodies of water would erode the sand dunes to create a new channel leaving the old one to silt and disappear.", "title": "Murray Mouth" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The restricted flow of waters from cataclysmic floods from Glacial Lake Missoula, and pluvial Lake Bonneville through the constriction of the Wallula Gap in the Horse Heaven Hills flowed into south-central Washington and north-central Oregon, and were backed up by the Columbia River Gorge, forming Lake Condon. The water remained for a period of 5–7 days before the flood waters drained through the Columbia River Gorge. Lake Condon reached an elevation of about 1200 feet above sea level (today's sea level) before subsiding.", "title": "Lake Condon" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Banderas River () is a river located in the southern part of the Ahuachapán Department of El Salvador. Precipitations along the river are suitable for municipal water, irrigation, and water wells.", "title": "Banderas River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Malton Range is a mountain range in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located southwest of the Canoe Reach of Kinbasket Lake and east of the Albreda River, north of Dominion Mountain. It has an area of 451 km and is a subrange of the Monashee Mountains which in turn form part of the Columbia Mountains.", "title": "Malton Range" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Germantown is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,954 at the 2010 census. Germantown is located in the southwest part of the county, along the east side of the Hudson River.", "title": "Germantown (town), New York" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harrisville Pond is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Harrisville. It is one of many lakes and ponds along Nubanusit Brook, a tributary of the Contoocook River. Water from Nubanusit Lake flows via the Great Meadows into the pond on the north side and out of the pond at two dams on the south side. One dam allows the level of the pond to be raised or lowered and also adjusts the flow through the mills that span that part of the outlet, while the other dam is made of large stones and sandbags. The village of Harrisville is located at the outlet of the pond.", "title": "Harrisville Pond" } ]

[ { "answer": "Nukufetau", "id": 760007, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Kongo Loto Lafanga >> part of", "raw_question": "Kongo Loto Lafanga >> part of", "statement": "Kongo Loto Lafanga is an islet of Nukufetau." }, { "answer": "Pacific Ocean", "id": 715233, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Nukufetau >> located in or next to body of water", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in or next to body of water", "statement": "Nukufetau is located in or next to the Pacific Ocean." }, { "answer": "Columbia Bar", "id": 59314, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "where does the columbia river meet Pacific Ocean", "raw_question": "where does the columbia river meet #2", "statement": "The Columbia River meets the Pacific Ocean at the Columbia Bar." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled \"Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development\". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called \"very high human development\". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:", "title": "Human Development Index" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slave of Kiss is the first EP released by Nana Kitade. \"Kiss\" is a cover of a Princess Princess song of the same name. A month later, the song was placed on the Princess Princess tribute album, \"14 Princess ~Princess Princess Children~\" as track #2. The EP includes an English version of Kitade's fifth single, \"Kiss or Kiss\". The A-side of this EP track #4 \"sweet frozen kiss\" is featured on her second album \"I scream\" . The EP reached #79 on the Oricon chart and stayed on the chart for a total of one week. At this point of her career, Kitade drastically changed her clothing to Gothic Lolita for the \"Kiss\" video.", "title": "Slave of Kiss" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Kissing You\" is a song by R&B singer Keith Washington from his 1991 debut album \"Make Time for Love\". It spent one week at number one on the U.S. Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and peaked at number forty on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Kissing You\" won a Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul Single, Male.", "title": "Kissing You (Keith Washington song)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The engineering problems associated with leaving Earth and developing space propulsion systems have been examined for over a century, and millions of hours of research have been spent on them. In recent years there has been an increase in research on the issue of how humans can survive and work in space for extended and possibly indefinite periods of time. This question requires input from the physical and biological sciences and has now become the greatest challenge (other than funding) facing human space exploration. A fundamental step in overcoming this challenge is trying to understand the effects and impact of long-term space travel on the human body.", "title": "Effect of spaceflight on the human body" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Goodbye Kiss\" is Kasabian's third single from their fourth album, \"Velociraptor!\". The track has been released first as a music video and then as a single A-side 10\" Vinyl on February 20. Also, it is available as a digital download. On 27 November 2011, Kasabian performed \"Goodbye Kiss\" during the BBC's Formula 1 and performed on 2011 closing season montage and on BBC's \"The Graham Norton Show\".", "title": "Goodbye Kiss" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 15, 2017, Bishop Eddie Long died from an aggressive form of cancer according to a statement released by the church. The church then announced Stephen A. Davis, pastor of New Birth Birmingham in Birmingham, Alabama would be Long's successor at New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Lithonia while remaining pastor of the Birmingham church.", "title": "New Birth Missionary Baptist Church" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The modern term \"culture\" is based on a term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes, where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or \"cultura animi\", using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul, understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for human development. Samuel Pufendorf took over this metaphor in a modern context, meaning something similar, but no longer assuming that philosophy was man's natural perfection. His use, and that of many writers after him \"refers to all the ways in which human beings overcome their original barbarism, and through artifice, become fully human\".", "title": "Culture" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The characters Connor and Markus are played by Bryan Dechart and Jesse Williams, respectively. Clancy Brown, Lance Henriksen, and Minka Kelly portray supporting characters Lieutenant Hank Anderson, Carl Manfred, and North, respectively. There are three different composers, one for each playable character: Philip Sheppard for Kara, Nima Fakhrara for Connor, and John Paesano for Markus. Sheppard's cello sequence in Kara's theme was inspired by the flames of a log fire, whereas the motif layered over it came from the two syllables in her name. Fakhrara created custom instruments and used vintage synthesizers in order that the sound could represent the robotic nature of Connor. Paesano's music was made with the idea that it would be ``like a church hymn '', personifying Markus' transformation into a leader. Sheppard recorded at Abbey Road Studios with the English Session Orchestra; Paesano was at Synchron Stage Vienna with the Synchron Stage Orchestra. Director of photography Aymeric Montouchet used`` thick grain and shaky long lens'' with shallow depth of field for Kara, ``small, tight grain ''and a blue palette for Connor, and orange and white colours for Markus. The game was released to manufacturing on 23 April 2018, after four years of production.", "title": "Detroit: Become Human" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On August 9, 1995, Kiss joined the long line of musicians to perform on MTV Unplugged. The band contacted Criss and Frehley and invited them to participate in the event. Both joined Kiss on stage for several songs at the end of the set: \"Beth\", \"2000 Man\", \"Nothin' to Lose\" and \"Rock and Roll All Nite\". The Unplugged appearance set off months of speculation that a possible reunion of the original Kiss lineup was in the works. In the weeks following the Unplugged concert, however, the band (with Kulick and Singer), returned to the studio for the first time in three years to record a follow-up to Revenge. Carnival of Souls: The Final Sessions was completed in February 1996, but its release was delayed for almost two years. Bootleg copies of the album circulated widely among fans. While Kiss continued to exist publicly as Simmons, Stanley, Kulick and Singer, arrangements for a reunion of the original lineup were in the works. These efforts culminated with a public event as dramatic as any the band had staged since their 1983 unmasking on MTV. With the following statements, Tupac Shakur introduced the original Kiss lineup, in full makeup and Love Gun-era stage outfits, to a rousing ovation at the 38th Annual Grammy Awards:", "title": "Kiss (band)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per capita is higher. The HDI was developed by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, often framed in terms of whether people are able to \"be\" and \"do\" desirable things in their life, and was published by the United Nations Development Programme.", "title": "Human Development Index" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The gut flora has the largest numbers of bacteria and the greatest number of species compared to other areas of the body. In humans the gut flora is established at one to two years after birth, and by that time the intestinal epithelium and the intestinal mucosal barrier that it secretes have co-developed in a way that is tolerant to, and even supportive of, the gut flora and that also provides a barrier to pathogenic organisms.", "title": "List of human microbiota" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Freudian psychology, psychosexual development is a central element of the psychoanalytic sexual drive theory, that human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido (sexual energy) that develops in five stages. Each stage -- the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital -- is characterized by the erogenous zone that is the source of the libidinal drive. Sigmund Freud proposed that if the child experienced sexual frustration in relation to any psychosexual developmental stage, he or she would experience anxiety that would persist into adulthood as a neurosis, a functional mental disorder.", "title": "Psychosexual development" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life is a 1994 book by psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and political scientist Charles Murray, in which the authors argue that human intelligence is substantially influenced by both inherited and environmental factors and that it is a better predictor of many personal outcomes, including financial income, job performance, birth out of wedlock, and involvement in crime than are an individual's parental socioeconomic status. They also argue that those with high intelligence, the \"cognitive elite\", are becoming separated from those of average and below-average intelligence. The book was controversial, especially where the authors wrote about racial differences in intelligence and discussed the implications of those differences.", "title": "The Bell Curve" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Man's best friend ''is a common phrase about domestic dogs, referring to their millennia - long history of close relations, loyalty, and companionship with humans. The first recorded use of a related phrase is by Frederick the Great of Prussia. It was likely popularized by its use in a poem by Ogden Nash and has since become a common colloquialism.", "title": "Man's best friend" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Long Kiss Goodnight is a 1996 American action spy thriller film directed and produced by Renny Harlin, written and produced by Shane Black and starring Geena Davis and Samuel L. Jackson.", "title": "The Long Kiss Goodnight" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Killer\" is a song by the American hard rock band Kiss. Featured on their 1982 album, \"Creatures of the Night\", the song was released as an A-side single in the United Kingdom. Although \"I Love It Loud\" was an A-side single in the United States, it would be relegated to the B-side in the UK. It was the first song Vinnie Vincent and Gene Simmons wrote together after the two had met. In addition to not being able to chart at all, Kiss has never performed the song live and it has only been released as a single and on all issues of the \"Creatures of the Night\" album (the song was switched places with \"Saint and Sinner\" on the 1985 reissue).", "title": "Killer (Kiss song)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Keith Washington (born November 15, 1960) is an American R&B vocalist from Detroit, Michigan who recorded the hit single \"Kissing You\" in 1991. The song was also used as Background music for the ABC television soap opera \"General Hospital\". \"Kissing You\" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance Male and won a 1992 Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul Single – Male. The song also topped the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for one week.", "title": "Keith Washington" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Human Development Reports produced by the Human Development Reports Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990, and had the explicit purpose ``to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people - centered policies ''. To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Farhan C.M, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Nobel laureate Amartya Sen utilized Haq's work in his own work on human capabilities. Haq believed that a simple composite measure of human development was needed to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well - being.", "title": "Human Development Index" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Time period Bones affected Third month of fetal development Ossification in long bones beginning Fourth month Most primary ossification centers have appeared in the diaphyses of bone. Birth to 5 years Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses 5 years to 12 years in females, 5 to 14 years in males Ossification is spreading rapidly from the ossification centers and various bones are becoming ossified 17 to 20 years Bone of upper limbs and scapulae becoming completely ossified 18 to 23 years Bone of the lower limbs and os coxae become completely ossified 23 to 25 years Bone of the sternum, clavicles, and vertebrae become completely ossified By 25 years Nearly all bones are completely ossified", "title": "Ossification" } ]

[ { "answer": "Keith Washington", "id": 854023, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Kissing You >> performer", "raw_question": "Kissing You >> performer", "statement": "Keith Washington performed the song \"Kissing You\"." }, { "answer": "Detroit", "id": 255545, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Keith Washington >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Keith Washington was born in Detroit." }, { "answer": "four years of production", "id": 71981, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "how long was Detroit become human in development for", "raw_question": "how long was #2 become human in development for", "statement": "Detroit: Become Human was in development for four years of production." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"One More Last Chance\" is a song recorded by American country music singer Vince Gill. Gill co-wrote the song with Gary Nicholson. It was released in July 1993 as the fourth single from his album, \"I Still Believe in You\". The song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.", "title": "One More Last Chance" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ming government officials fought against each other, against fiscal collapse, and against a series of peasant rebellions. They were unable to capitalise on the Manchu succession dispute and installation of a minor as emperor. In April 1644, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zicheng, a former minor Ming official, who established a short-lived Shun dynasty. The last Ming ruler, the Chongzhen Emperor, committed suicide when the city fell, marking the official end of the dynasty.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The defeat of Eugenius and his commander, the Frankish magister militum Arbogast, put the whole empire back in the hands of a single emperor for the last time until the final collapse of the Western Roman Empire (not considering the purely nominal claim of Zeno in 480). Theodosius passed", "title": "Battle of the Frigidus" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The tradition of Estonian Song Festivals (Laulupidu) started at the height of the Estonian national awakening in 1869. Today, it is one of the largest amateur choral events in the world. In 2004, about 100,000 people participated in the Song Festival. Since 1928, the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds (Lauluväljak) have hosted the event every five years in July. The last festival took place in July 2014. In addition, Youth Song Festivals are also held every four or five years, the last of them in 2011, and the next is scheduled for 2017.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He debuted the song publicly at the Country Music Association's annual awards show on November 7, 2001. It was released that month as a single and topped the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for five weeks; in addition, it reached number 28 on Billboard's all - genre Hot 100 chart. The song received largely positive reviews from critics, who appreciated its simple, largely apolitical stance. The song won multiple awards at the Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association Awards, including Song of the Year, and also earned Jackson his first Grammy Award for Best Country Song.", "title": "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eurovision Song Contest 2018 was the 63rd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place for the first time in Portugal following the country's first victory at the 2017 contest in Kiev, Ukraine with the song ``Amar pelos dois '', performed by Salvador Sobral. The contest was held at the Altice Arena in Lisbon, and consisted of two semi-finals on 8 and 10 May, and the final on 12 May 2018. The three live shows were hosted by Filomena Cautela, Sílvia Alberto, Daniela Ruah and Catarina Furtado.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Come a Little Closer ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Dierks Bentley. It was released in July 2005 as the second single from his second studio album Modern Day Drifter. It went to number one on the U.S. Country chart in 2005. The song held that position for the chart weeks of December 3 and December 10, 2005. On the chart for December 17, the song fell to number two when Joe Nichols'`` Tequila Makes Her Clothes Fall Off'' replaced it at the top spot. The song then returned to number 1 for a third and final week on the chart dated December 24. The song was written by Bentley and Brett Beavers.", "title": "Come a Little Closer (Dierks Bentley song)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Learning How to Bend\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Gary Allan. It was released in March 2008 as the second single from his 2007 album \"Living Hard\". The song peaked at number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. Allan wrote the song with James LeBlanc and Matt Warren.", "title": "Learning How to Bend" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early during the Taiping Rebellion, Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853. Shortly thereafter, a Taiping expeditionary force penetrated as far north as the suburbs of Tianjin, the imperial heartlands. In desperation the Qing court ordered a Chinese official, Zeng Guofan, to organize regional and village militias into an emergency army called tuanlian. Zeng Guofan's strategy was to rely on local gentry to raise a new type of military organization from those provinces that the Taiping rebels directly threatened. This new force became known as the Xiang Army, named after the Hunan region where it was raised. The Xiang Army was a hybrid of local militia and a standing army. It was given professional training, but was paid for out of regional coffers and funds its commanders — mostly members of the Chinese gentry — could muster. The Xiang Army and its successor, the Huai Army, created by Zeng Guofan's colleague and mentee Li Hongzhang, were collectively called the \"Yong Ying\" (Brave Camp).", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Initially, Byrd's label (MCA Records) had not planned for \"The Keeper of the Stars\" to be a single, until his publicist realized that the song had been receiving positive feedback for it in concert. The fourth single from Byrd's \"No Ordinary Man\" album, \"The Keeper of the Stars\" spent twenty weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, reaching a peak position of number two.", "title": "The Keeper of the Stars" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Song dynasty is divided into two distinct periods, Northern and Southern. During the Northern Song (Chinese: 北宋; 960 -- 1127), the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now Eastern China. The Southern Song (Chinese: 南宋; 1127 -- 1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in the Jin -- Song Wars. During this time, the Song court retreated south of the Yangtze and established its capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional ``birthplace of Chinese civilization ''along the Yellow River, the Song economy was still strong, as the Southern Song Empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land. The Southern Song dynasty considerably bolstered its naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. To repel the Jin, and later the Mongols, the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. In 1234, the Jin dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song. Möngke Khan, the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, died in 1259 while besieging the city of Chongqing. His younger brother Kublai Khan was proclaimed the new Great Khan, though his claim was only partially recognized by the Mongols in the west. In 1271, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the Emperor of China. After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armies conquered the Song dynasty in 1279. The Mongol invasion led to a reunification under the Yuan dynasty (1271 -- 1368).", "title": "Song dynasty" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kublai (; ; ) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (\"Ikh Mongol Uls\"), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position). He also founded the Yuan dynasty in China as a conquest dynasty in 1271, and ruled as the first Yuan emperor until his death in 1294.", "title": "Kublai Khan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the defeat of the usurper known as Constantine III, Jovinus was proclaimed emperor at Mainz in 411, a puppet supported by Gundahar, king of the Burgundians, and Goar, king of the Alans. Jovinus kept his position in Gaul for two years, long enough to issue coinage that showed him wearing the imperial diadem. He was supported by a number of local Gallo-Roman nobles who had survived Constantine's defeat.", "title": "Jovinus" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Knew the Bride (When She Used to Rock 'n' Roll) ''is a song written by Nick Lowe and first popularized by Dave Edmunds. It was released on Edmunds's 1977 album Get It and a year later in a live version by Nick Lowe's Last Chicken in the Shop on Live Stiffs Live.", "title": "I Knew the Bride" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".", "title": "Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Asseiceira, fought on 16 May, 1834, was the last and decisive engagement of the Portuguese Civil War, or \"War of the Two Brothers\", between Dom Pedro, ex-Emperor of Brazil (fighting to restore his daughter Dona Maria da Glória as rightful Queen of Portugal) and the usurper Dom Miguel. Dom Miguel's rebel forces were defeated.", "title": "Battle of Asseiceira" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Marquis Zeng Jize () (1839 – April 12, 1890), one of China's earliest ministers to London, Paris and Saint Petersburg, played an important role in the diplomacy that preceded and accompanied the Sino-French War (August 1884–April 1885).", "title": "Zeng Jize" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``A Boy Named Sue ''is a song written by humorist and poet Shel Silverstein and made popular by Johnny Cash. Cash recorded the song live in concert on February 24, 1969 at California's San Quentin State Prison for his At San Quentin album. Cash also performed the song (with comical variations on the original performance) in December 1969 at Madison Square Garden. The live San Quentin version of the song became Cash's biggest hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and his only top ten single there, spending three weeks at No. 2 in 1969, held out of the top spot by`` Honky Tonk Women'' by The Rolling Stones. The track also topped the Billboard Hot Country Songs and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts that same year and was certified Gold on August 14, 1969, by the RIAA.", "title": "A Boy Named Sue" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zeng Shaoxuan (also spelled as Zeng Shao-Xuan, ; ; born August 29, 1981 in Nanjing, Jiangsu) is a Chinese male tennis player. He competed for China at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the men's singles and men's doubles with partner Yu Xinyuan.", "title": "Zeng Shaoxuan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The newly allied armies captured Beijing on June 6. The Shunzhi Emperor was invested as the \"Son of Heaven\" on October 30. The Manchus, who had positioned themselves as political heir to the Ming emperor by defeating the rebel Li Zicheng, completed the symbolic transition by holding a formal funeral for the Chongzhen Emperor. However the process of conquering the rest of China took another seventeen years of battling Ming loyalists, pretenders and rebels. The last Ming pretender, Prince Gui, sought refuge with the King of Burma, but was turned over to a Qing expeditionary army commanded by Wu Sangui, who had him brought back to Yunnan province and executed in early 1662.", "title": "Qing dynasty" } ]

[ { "answer": "China", "id": 101865, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "In which country did Zeng Jize live?", "raw_question": "In which country did Zeng Jize live?", "statement": "Zeng Jize lived in China." }, { "answer": "Kublai Khan", "id": 77757, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "who defeated the last song emperor of China", "raw_question": "who defeated the last song emperor of #1", "statement": "Kublai Khan defeated the last Song Emperor of China." }, { "answer": "Khagan", "id": 753032, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Kublai Khan >> position held", "raw_question": "#2 >> position held", "statement": "Kublai Khan held the position of Khagan." } ]

[ "Great Khan" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Municipio XIX was an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. Following the administrative reform of 11 March 2013, it was suppressed and merged into the new, and coextensive, Municipio XIV. Its territory is situated to the north-west part of the municipality of Rome.", "title": "Municipio XIX" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Raleigh is located in the northeast central region of North Carolina, where the Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions meet. This area is known as the \"fall line\" because it marks the elevation inland at which waterfalls begin to appear in creeks and rivers. As a result, most of Raleigh features gently rolling hills that slope eastward toward the state's flat coastal plain. Its central Piedmont location situates Raleigh about two hours west of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina, by car and four hours east of the Great Smoky Mountains. The city is 155 miles (249 km) south of Richmond, Virginia, 263 miles (423 km) south of Washington, D.C., and 150 miles (240 km) northeast of Charlotte, North Carolina.", "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Montrose is a census-designated place (CDP) in Henrico County, Virginia, United States. The population was 7,993 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Montrose, Virginia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions directly overseen by the United States Federal Government. Unlike U.S. states and Native American tribes which exercise limited sovereignty alongside the federal government, territories are without sovereignty. The territories are classified by whether they are incorporated and whether they have an ``organized ''government through an Organic Act passed by the U.S. Congress.", "title": "Territories of the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Neilson River flows into the territory of the municipality of Saint-Raymond, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Neilson River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Stokes Millner MD (1830 – 25 February 1875) was a medical practitioner and administrator in the early history of the Northern Territory of Australia.", "title": "James Millner (doctor)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Richmond Raceway is in the central portion of Henrico County near Mechanicsville, just north of the Richmond city limits. The raceway seats approximately 60,000 people and holds two NASCAR doubleheader race weekends per year. Additionally, Richmond International Airport is located in the eastern portion of Henrico County in Sandston. Top private employers in the county include Capital One, Bon Secours Richmond Health System, and Anthem.", "title": "Henrico County, Virginia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2014, the Marussia Motors company was disbanded, with staff leaving to join a government-run technical institute. The Marussia F1 team continued unaffected as a British entity, independent of the Russian car company. However, on 7 November 2014 the administrator announced that the F1 team had ceased trading.", "title": "Marussia Motors" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Užice ( / ) was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in occupied Yugoslavia, more specifically the western part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia. The Republic was established by the Partisan resistance movement and its administrative center was in the town of Užice.", "title": "Republic of Užice" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya, administrative town Bani Walid. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District.", "title": "Bani Walid District" } ]

[ { "answer": "Henrico County", "id": 630162, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Montrose >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Montrose >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Montrose is located in Henrico County." }, { "answer": "Richmond", "id": 632690, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Henrico County >> contains administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Richmond is located within Henrico County." }, { "answer": "155", "id": 22540, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "How far is Raleigh from Richmond ?", "raw_question": "How far is Raleigh from #2 ?", "statement": "Raleigh is 155 miles from Richmond." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Voivodeship (, , ) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1566 and later in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, until the partitions of the Commonwealth in 1793. Centred on the city of Minsk and subordinate to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the region continued the traditions – and shared the borders – of several previously existing units of administrative division, notably a separate Duchy of Minsk, annexed by Lithuania in the 13th century. It was replaced with Minsk Governorate in 1793.", "title": "Minsk Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Foss was born in Kingston, New York on January 17, 1834. He attended Wesleyan University, graduating in 1854. He began his career teaching, and then entered the ministry. Foss was \"pastor of the most prominent Methodist churches in this city [New York] and Brooklyn.\"", "title": "Cyrus David Foss" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "title": "British Togoland" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "title": "Latvia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kingston is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The Town of Kingston is in the northeast part of Ulster County, north of the City of Kingston. Kingston is inside the Catskill Park. The population was 889 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Kingston (town), New York" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Enterprise is a hamlet in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, located between Great Slave Lake and the Alberta border on the Hay River.", "title": "Enterprise, Northwest Territories" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center) is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers. Since December 1968, the KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and even own facilities on each other's property.", "title": "Kennedy Space Center" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Lucas AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Monterey County, California. It is located at the southern end of Salinas Valley, shares an eastern border with the Chalone AVA, and is bordered on the west by the Santa Lucia Range foothills. The appellation has the largest diurnal temperature variation of any of California's AVAs. There is a current petition to designate the San Bernabe vineyard, located at the region's northern end, as its own AVA. The vineyard is currently the world's largest continuous vineyard.", "title": "San Lucas AVA" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT) is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area -- over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third largest Australian federal division -- it is sparsely populated. The Northern Territory's population of 244,000 (2016) makes it the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania.", "title": "Northern Territory" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Team Number of wins Notes Most recent Western Province 34 Four shared 2017 Northern Transvaal / Blue Bulls 23 Four shared 2009 Transvaal / Gauteng Lions / Golden Lions 11 One shared 2015 Natal / Sharks 7 2013 Orange Free State / Free State Cheetahs 5 One shared 2016 Griqualand West / Griquas 1970 Border / Border Bulldogs Two shared 1934", "title": "Currie Cup" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pidkamin (, ) is an urban-type settlement in Brody Raion (district), Lviv oblast in Ukraine. It is located near the administrative border of three oblasts, Lviv, Rivne, and Ternopil. Population:", "title": "Pidkamin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sachs Harbour (David Nasogaluak Jr. Saaryuaq) Airport is located at Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories, Canada. Pilots will need to bring their own pump if they require 100LL fuel.", "title": "Sachs Harbour (David Nasogaluak Jr. Saaryuaq) Airport" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda.", "title": "Dallol (woreda)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.", "title": "Kingdom of Gera" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The hamlet of Chichester, New York, formerly referred to as Chichesterville, is one of the northernmost communities in the town of Shandaken, New York, being right next to the borderline between Ulster County and Greene County.", "title": "Chichester, New York" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kingston", "id": 275359, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Cyrus David Foss >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Cyrus David Foss >> place of birth", "statement": "Kingston is the place of birth of Cyrus David Foss." }, { "answer": "Ulster County", "id": 810457, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Kingston >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Kingston is located in Ulster County." }, { "answer": "Greene County", "id": 285920, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Ulster County >> shares border with", "raw_question": "#2 >> shares border with", "statement": "Ulster County shares a border with Greene County." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kara Fatma (full name Fatma Seher Erden; 1888–2 July 1955) was a decorated Turkish heroine who distinguished herself as a militia leader and soldier during the Turkish War of Independence.", "title": "Kara Fatma" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas II -- last Czar of Russia, titular King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland. His rule ended with the Russian Revolution. Nicholas was killed on 17 July 1918.", "title": "Allied leaders of World War I" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When World War II broke out in 1939, Bergmann sought to join the South African army, but as he felt his name was too German-sounding (there was significant anti-German feeling as the war loomed, and as the Nazi persecution of the Jews and the Holocaust had not yet happened, this feeling made no distinction between Germans and German Jews), he removed the second \"n\" from his name, adopting the Dutch variation of the surname.", "title": "Walter Bergman" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939 -- 1945). The Allies promoted the alliance as seeking to stop German, Japanese and Italian aggression.", "title": "Allies of World War II" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liberia is a country in West Africa which was founded, established, colonized, and controlled by citizens of the United States and ex-Caribbean slaves as a colony for former African American slaves and their free black descendants. It is one of only two sovereign countries in the world that were started by citizens and ex-Caribbean slaves of a political power as a colony for former slaves of the same political power, the other being Sierra Leone, established by Great Britain. In 1847, Liberia proclaimed its independence from the American Colonization Society (ACS).", "title": "History of Liberia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The War in Afghanistan (or the U.S. War in Afghanistan; code named Operation Enduring Freedom -- Afghanistan (2001 -- 2014) and Operation Freedom's Sentinel (2015 -- present)) followed the United States invasion of Afghanistan of October 7, 2001. The U.S. was supported initially by the United Kingdom and Canada and later by a coalition of over 40 countries, including all NATO members. The war's public aims were to dismantle al - Qaeda and to deny it a safe base of operations in Afghanistan by removing the Taliban from power. The War in Afghanistan is the second longest war in United States history, behind the Vietnam War.", "title": "War in Afghanistan (2001–present)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Auspitz's sign is the appearance of punctate bleeding spots when psoriasis scales are scraped off, named after Heinrich Auspitz. This happens because there is thinning of the epidermal layer overlying the tips of the dermal papillae and blood vessels within the papillae are dilated and tortuous, which bleed readily when the scale is removed.", "title": "Auspitz's sign" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sergey Kara-Murza taught in Russia and Spain and authored several publications and academic studies dedicated to history, science and society. His most prominent works: \"Mind Manipulations\" published in 2000 was dedicated to establishing and describing the problem of manipulation of public opinion by pro-Western mass media in Russia and \"Soviet Civilization\", a work about history, political and economic organization of USSR. In the late 1990s and early 2000s Sergey Kara-Murza wrote a number of political and philosophical works on Eurocentrism, Globalization and Color revolutions. His articles were frequent in left-wing/nationalist Russian newspapers such as \"Pravda\", Alexander Prokhanov's \"Zavtra\" and \"Soviet Russia\".", "title": "Sergey Kara-Murza" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) (IATA: LOS, ICAO: DNMM) is an international airport located in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria, and is the major airport serving the entire state. The airport was initially built during World War II and is named after Murtala Muhammed, the 4th military ruler of Nigeria.", "title": "Murtala Muhammed International Airport" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the \"Big Three\". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the \"Four Policemen\" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.", "title": "Great power" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Royal power in Wales was unevenly applied, with the country divided between the marcher lords along the borders, royal territories in Pembrokeshire and the more independent native Welsh lords of North Wales. John took a close interest in Wales and knew the country well, visiting every year between 1204 and 1211 and marrying his illegitimate daughter, Joan, to the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great. The king used the marcher lords and the native Welsh to increase his own territory and power, striking a sequence of increasingly precise deals backed by royal military power with the Welsh rulers. A major royal expedition to enforce these agreements occurred in 1211, after Llywelyn attempted to exploit the instability caused by the removal of William de Braose, through the Welsh uprising of 1211. John's invasion, striking into the Welsh heartlands, was a military success. Llywelyn came to terms that included an expansion of John's power across much of Wales, albeit only temporarily.", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gurkhas, a martial tribe, came to power in Nepal in the year 1768. They consolidated their military power and began to expand their territory. Gradually, the Gorkhas annexed Sirmour and Shimla. With the leadership of Amar Singh Thapa, Gorkhas laid siege to Kangra. They managed to defeat Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra, in 1806 with the help of many provincial chiefs. However, Gurkhas could not capture Kangra fort which came under Maharaja Ranjeet Singh in 1809. After the defeat, the Gurkhas began to expand towards the south of the state. However, Raja Ram Singh, Raja of Siba State managed to capture the fort of Siba from the remnants of Lahore Darbar in Samvat 1846, during the First Anglo-Sikh War. They came into direct conflict with the British along the tarai belt after which the British expelled them from the provinces of the Satluj. The British gradually emerged as the paramount power. In the revolt of 1857, or first Indian war of independence, arising from a number of grievances against the British, the people of the hill states were not as politically active as were those in other parts of the country. They and their rulers, with the exception of Bushahr, remained more or less inactive. Some, including the rulers of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami, rendered help to the British government during the revolt.", "title": "Himachal Pradesh" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the last World War I veterans to die by country. The last living veteran of World War I (4 February 1914 -- 11 November 1918) was Florence Green, a British citizen who served in the Allied armed forces, and who died 4 February 2012, aged 110. The last combat veteran was Claude Choules who served in the British Royal Navy (and later the Royal Australian Navy) and died 5 May 2011, aged 110. The last veteran who served in the trenches was Harry Patch (British Army) who died on 25 July 2009, aged 111. The last Central Powers veteran, Franz Künstler of Austria - Hungary, died on 27 May 2008 at the age of 107.", "title": "List of last World War I veterans by country" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Morgenthau Plan ( ) by the Allied occupation of Germany following World War II was a proposal to eliminate Germany's ability to wage war by eliminating its arms industry, and the removal or destruction of other key industries basic to military strength. This included the removal or destruction of all industrial plants and equipment in the Ruhr. It was first proposed by United States Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. in a memorandum entitled \"Suggested Post-Surrender Program for Germany\".", "title": "Morgenthau Plan" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom) was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on Comecon countries. CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the then-current control list of embargoed goods was retained by the member nations until the successor, the Wassenaar Arrangement, was established.", "title": "Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death of a Citizen is a 1960 spy novel by Donald Hamilton, and was the first in a long-running series of books featuring the adventures of assassin Matt Helm. The title refers to the metaphorical death of peaceful citizen and family man Matt Helm and the rebirth of the deadly and relentless assassin of World War II.", "title": "Death of a Citizen" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After an uprising by the Congolese people, Belgium surrendered to the independence of the Congo in 1960. However, the Congo remained unstable because tribal leaders had more power than the central government. Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba tried to restore order with the aid of the Soviet Union as part of the Cold War, causing the United States to support a coup led by Colonel Joseph Mobutu in 1965. Mobutu quickly seized complete power of the Congo and renamed the country Zaire. He sought to Africanize the country, changing his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko, and demanded that African citizens change their Western names to traditional African names. Mobutu sought to repress any opposition to his rule, in which he successfully did throughout the 1980s. However, with his regime weakened in the 1990s, Mobutu was forced to agree to a power - sharing government with the opposition party. Mobutu remained the head of state and promised elections within the next two years that never took place.", "title": "History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the last World War I veterans to die by country. The last living veteran of World War I (28 July 1914 -- 11 November 1918) was Florence Green, a British citizen who served in the Allied armed forces, and who died 4 February 2012, aged 110. The last combat veteran was Claude Choules who served in the British Royal Navy (and later the Royal Australian Navy) and died 5 May 2011, aged 110. The last veteran who served in the trenches was Harry Patch (British Army) who died on 25 July 2009, aged 111. The last Central Powers veteran, Franz Künstler of Austria - Hungary, died on 27 May 2008 at the age of 107.", "title": "List of last World War I veterans by country" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Donetsk Sergei Prokofiev International Airport (Ukrainian: Міжнародний аеропорт \"Донецьк\") (IATA: DOK, ICAO: UKCC) is a nonoperational airport located 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Donetsk, Ukraine, that was destroyed in 2014 during the War in Donbass. It was built in the 1940s and 1950s and rebuilt in 1973 and again from 2011 to 2012. The airport is named after 20th-century composer Sergei Prokofiev, who was a native of Donetsk Oblast.", "title": "Donetsk International Airport" } ]

[ { "answer": "Russia", "id": 104742, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Which country's citizen was Sergey Kara-Murza?", "raw_question": "Which country's citizen was Sergey Kara-Murza?", "statement": "Sergey Kara-Murza was a citizen of Russia." }, { "answer": "Nicholas II", "id": 66733, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "name the ruler of Russia during first world war", "raw_question": "name the ruler of #1 during first world war", "statement": "Nicholas II was removed from power." }, { "answer": "the Russian Provisional Government was established.", "id": 33264, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "What happened when Nicholas II was removed from power?", "raw_question": "What happened when #2 was removed from power?", "statement": "When Nicholas II was removed from power, the Russian Provisional Government was established." } ]

[ "Russian Provisional Government" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first season of the American television drama series True Blood premiered on September 7, 2008 and concluded on November 23, 2008. It consists of 12 episodes, each running approximately 55 minutes in length and was, for the most part, based on the novel Dead Until Dark, the first entry in The Southern Vampire Mysteries by Charlaine Harris. The story takes place in the fictional town of Bon Temps, Louisiana, two years after vampires have made their presence known to mankind, and follows telepathic waitress Sookie Stackhouse as she attempts to solve a series of murders that seem to be motivated by a hatred of vampires.", "title": "True Blood (season 1)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Planet of the Vampires () is a 1965 Italian science fiction horror film, produced by Fulvio Lucisano, directed by Mario Bava, that stars Barry Sullivan and Norma Bengell. The screenplay, by Bava, Alberto Bevilacqua, Callisto Cosulich, Antonio Roman and Rafael J. Salvia, was based on an Italian-language science fiction short story, Renato Pestriniero's \"One Night of 21 Hours\". American International Pictures released the film as the supporting film on a double feature with Daniel Haller's \"Die, Monster, Die!\" (1965).", "title": "Planet of the Vampires" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Korean War, Hyon served as Kim Il-sung's bodyguard, a role which gave him \"a place in North Korea's revolutionary history\". He was director of the General Logistics Department of the Korean People's Army from 1986 to 1995, when he was appointed deputy director of the General Political Department, becoming one of the senior most members of the North Korean military and political leadership. He has been described as being in \"close proximity\" to Kim Jong-il, and as reporting directly to him. It had been suggested that, following Kim Jong-il's death, he may have taken part in a military council leadership of the country. He was transferred to director of the Standing Bureau of the National Defence Commission. He has been a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 1991.", "title": "Hyon Chol-hae" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Underworld is a series of action horror films created by Len Wiseman, Kevin Grevioux and Danny McBride. The first film, Underworld, was released in 2003. It tells the story of Selene (Kate Beckinsale), a vampire who works as a Death Dealer, killing the lycans who allegedly slaughtered her family. The second film, Underworld: Evolution, was released in 2006. In this film, Selene takes Michael Corvin, a lycan / vampire hybrid, to a vampire safehouse and plans to return to Viktor's estate to awaken another elder Markus, whom they discover is the first Vampire and a powerful enemy. The third film, Underworld: Rise of the Lycans, is the prequel to the series, chronicling the origins of the vampire - lycan war (it was released on January 23, 2009). The fourth film, Underworld: Awakening, is the sequel to Underworld: Evolution and was released on January 20, 2012. In this film, humans have discovered the existence of the vampire and lycan clans, and are trying to eradicate both species. A fifth film titled Underworld: Blood Wars was released internationally on November 24, 2016, and in the United States on January 6, 2017.", "title": "Underworld (film series)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Armenia–Singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Armenia and Singapore. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Embassy of Armenia in Beijing, China is accredited to Singapore. Singapore has no representation in Armenia.", "title": "Armenia–Singapore relations" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In season four, a vampire hunter, Connor, arrives in town, and only Jeremy can see his mysterious tattoos, later revealed to be a map to the cure for vampirism. When Connor is killed, Jeremy becomes part of The Five, a group of vampire hunters, and his' hunter's mark 'grows when he kills vampires. His urge to kill grows as well, and he attempts to murder Elena. Eventually, he finds a way to control this, and Damon trains him. After killing Kol, resulting in the death of his entire bloodline, Jeremy's mark completes, revealing a map to the cure. However, once he and Bonnie reach Silas, Katherine reveals herself and allows Silas to feed on Jeremy in order to awaken. She steals the cure, and Jeremy is killed when Silas snaps his neck. Elena then burns the Gilbert house, creating a cover story for his death. When Bonnie drops the veil to the Other Side, Jeremy's ghost returns, saving Elena from Kol. Bonnie performs a spell that allows Jeremy to stay alive. The spell, however, killed Bonnie in the process, though Jeremy can see her ghost.", "title": "List of The Vampire Diaries characters" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Number Title Release date Director Continuity Planet of the Apes April 3, 1968 Franklin J. Schaffner Original series Beneath the Planet of the Apes May 27, 1970 Ted Post Escape from the Planet of the Apes May 21, 1971 Don Taylor Conquest of the Planet of the Apes June 29, 1972 J. Lee Thompson 5 Battle for the Planet of the Apes June 15, 1973 6 Planet of the Apes July 27, 2001 Tim Burton Remake 7 Rise of the Planet of the Apes August 5, 2011 Rupert Wyatt Reboot series 8 Dawn of the Planet of the Apes July 11, 2014 Matt Reeves 9 War for the Planet of the Apes July 14, 2017", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the observatory director, François Arago. This suggestion met with stiff resistance outside France. French almanacs quickly reintroduced the name Herschel for Uranus, after that planet's discoverer Sir William Herschel, and Leverrier for the new planet.", "title": "Neptune" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Rome is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Italian Republic. The chancery is located at Via P.P.Rubens 20, Rome.", "title": "Embassy of Poland, Rome" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway’s independence. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, lasting from 1940 until 1945. Germany has an embassy in Oslo, and Norway has an embassy in Berlin and two consulates, in Düsseldorf and Hamburg.", "title": "Germany–Norway relations" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vampire Rites (also called the Vampire Mountain trilogy) is the second trilogy in The Saga of Darren Shan by author Darren Shan. It contains the books \"Vampire Mountain\", \"Trials of Death\" and \"The Vampire Prince\". This trilogy involves more of the various vampire characters, and their beliefs and customs (such as their views on death, life and their views of right and wrong). This trilogy's main theme is religion, compared to the previous one, it brings a whole new take on the vampire way of life and shows the kinder, better side of the vampires involved. These books show a more relaxed character of Darren Shan towards the more gruesome aspects of vampire life.", "title": "Vampire Rites" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation.", "title": "List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Armenia in London is the diplomatic mission of Armenia in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1992.", "title": "Embassy of Armenia, London" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Folkloric vampirism has been associated with clusters of deaths from unidentifiable or mysterious illnesses, usually within the same family or the same small community. The epidemic allusion is obvious in the classical cases of Petar Blagojevich and Arnold Paole, and even more so in the case of Mercy Brown and in the vampire beliefs of New England generally, where a specific disease, tuberculosis, was associated with outbreaks of vampirism. As with the pneumonic form of bubonic plague, it was associated with breakdown of lung tissue which would cause blood to appear at the lips.", "title": "Vampire" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yisha'ayahu Schwager (, ; born in Poland, 10 February 1946, death in Israel, 31 August 2000) was an Israeli footballer.", "title": "Yisha'ayahu Schwager" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed.", "title": "Embassy of Bulgaria, London" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nigerian passports can be applied for either at the physical location of the Nigeria Immigration Services, or by making submission through its website. Nigerians living in other countries may obtain passports through the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate.", "title": "Nigerian passport" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rhea Corner () is a triangular area of exposed rock lying on the north side of Saturn Glacier in southeastern Alexander Island, Antarctica. The feature is a promontory at the west end of the massif that includes the Deimos, Pagoda and Phobos Ridge. A cliff on the north face is about 500 m high. It was mapped by the Directorate of Overseas Surveys from satellite imagery supplied by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in association with nearby Saturn Glacier, Rhea being one of the satellites of the planet Saturn, the sixth planet of the solar system.", "title": "Rhea Corner" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Rome as Giacomo Guerrini, Guerrini entered the cinema industry in 1954 as screenwriter in Marcello Pagliero's \"Vergine moderna\"; after several collaborations (including the screenplay of Mario Bava's \"The Girl Who Knew Too Much\") he made his directorial debut in an episode of the film \"Amore in quattro dimensioni\" and from then started a prolific career, mainly focused on comedy films. He was also a character actor, often in his own films; as actor he's probably best known for the role of Nino in Damiano Damiani's \"La rimpatriata\".", "title": "Mino Guerrini" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Uncle Was a Vampire\" was released in Italy on October 28, 1959 where it was distributed by C.E.I.-Incom. It grossed a total of 385 million lire in Italy. The film was Italy's first vampire film. The film was released in the United States in 1964 on television through Embassy Pictures.", "title": "Uncle Was a Vampire" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mario Bava", "id": 215721, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Planet of the Vampires >> director", "raw_question": "Planet of the Vampires >> director", "statement": "Mario Bava was the director of Planet of the Vampires." }, { "answer": "Rome", "id": 470455, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Mario Bava >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Mario Bava died in Rome." }, { "answer": "Italian Republic", "id": 366897, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Embassy of Poland, Rome >> country", "raw_question": "Embassy of Poland, #2 >> country", "statement": "The Embassy of Poland is in the country of Italian Republic." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Three Times in Love\" is a song written by Tommy James and Ron Serota and performed by James. The song was James' first Top 40 hit in eight years. The song reached #1 on the adult contemporary chart, #19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, #64 in Canada, and #93 on the U.S. country chart in 1980. It was featured on his 1979 album, \"Three Times in Love\".", "title": "Three Times in Love" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patna is an unincorporated community in Highland County, Virginia, United States. Patna is located south-southeast of Monterey, Virginia on State Route 614. The community is situated along the Cowpasture River in the southern section of the Cowpasture Valley of Highland County.", "title": "Patna, Virginia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Nations is headquartered in New York City, in a complex designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer. The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952. It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, on spacious grounds overlooking the East River. Its borders are First Avenue on the west, East 42nd Street to the south, East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east. The term ``Turtle Bay ''is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole.", "title": "Headquarters of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Highland is an unincorporated community in Marion County, West Virginia, United States. Highland is located on the West Fork River west of Worthington.", "title": "Highland, Marion County, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country of the Deaf () is a 1998 Russian crime film directed by Valery Todorovsky, loosely based on Renata Litvinova's novel \"To Own and Belong\". The film set in a fictional underworld of deaf-mute people in Moscow. The film was entered into the 48th Berlin International Film Festival.", "title": "Country of the Deaf" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Patricia Conroy was born on January 30, 1964 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Conroy was born to musical family which was influenced by her mother's Maritime country background and her father's Irish roots. As a young girl her musical interests led to piano and vocal lessons and performances in a local church and with her family band, the Shamrock Ceili Band. In the late 1980s, Conroy hooked up with local musicians in Vancouver, British Columbia and eventually entered a Battle of the Bands contest. Conroy ultimately won and received $10,000, which gave her the opportunity to record demos of some of her original material. By 1990, Conroy was approached by executives at Warner Music Canada, who signed her a record contract.", "title": "Patricia Conroy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walk Into Paradise (also known as Walk Into Hell) is a 1956 French-Australian international co-production adventure film directed by Lee Robinson and Marcello Pagliero and starring Chips Rafferty and Françoise Christophe. It was shot on location in the highlands of Papua New Guinea.", "title": "Walk Into Paradise" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notes of Love (, , also known as \"The Word Love Exists\" and \"Love Notes\") is a 1998 Italian-French romance film directed by Mimmo Calopresti. For her performance Valeria Bruni Tedeschi won the David di Donatello Award for best actress. The film also won the Nastro d'Argento for best script and the Ciak d'oro for best supporting actress (to Marina Confalone).", "title": "Notes of Love" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Highland Falls Village Hall is located on Main Street in Highland Falls, New York, United States. It is a three-story Italianate-style brick buildings erected about 1894.", "title": "Highland Falls Village Hall" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Highland is a village in Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 842 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village is located within the Town of Highland.", "title": "Highland, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level.", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Love Is Eternal While It Lasts (, also known as \"Love Is Eternal, as Long as It Lasts\") is a 2004 Italian romantic comedy film written, directed and starred by Carlo Verdone. For her performance Laura Morante won the Nastro d'Argento for best actress.", "title": "Love Is Eternal While It Lasts" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Loetoeng Kasaroeng is a 1926 fantasy film from the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia) which was directed and produced by L. Heuveldorp. An adaptation of the Sundanese folktale \"Lutung Kasarung\" (\"The Lost Lutung\"), the film tells of a young girl who falls in love with a magical lutung and stars the children of noblemen. Details on its performance are unavailable, although it is known to have been of poor technical quality and thought to have performed poorly. It was the first film produced in the country and the first to feature a native-Indonesian cast. It is likely a lost film.", "title": "Loetoeng Kasaroeng" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Nations is headquartered in New York City, in a complex designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and built by the architectural firm Harrison & Abramovitz. The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952. It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, on 17 to 18 acres (6.9 to 7.3 ha) of grounds overlooking the East River. Its borders are First Avenue on the west, East 42nd Street to the south, East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east. The term ``Turtle Bay ''is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole.", "title": "Headquarters of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Crush'd\" is the seventh episode of the third season, the 48th episode overall, of the American dramedy series \"Ugly Betty\", which aired on November 6, 2008. The episode was written by Tracy Poust and Jon Kinnally and directed by Victor Neili Jr.", "title": "Crush'd" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Mambo () is a 1998 German comedy film written and directed by Michael Gwisdek. It was entered into the 48th Berlin International Film Festival.", "title": "The Big Mambo" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nepal (, ISO:), officially Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is located mainly in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. With an estimated population of 26.4 million, it is 48th largest country by population and 93rd largest country by area. It borders China in the north and India in the south, east and west while Bangladesh is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip and Bhutan is separated from it by the Indian state of Sikkim. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the capital and the largest city. Nepal is a multiethnic country with Nepali as the official language.", "title": "Nepal" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Direction of Love\" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Patricia Conroy. It was released in 1998 as the second single from her fourth studio album, \"Wild As the Wind\". It peaked at number 8 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in February 1999.", "title": "Direction of Love" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Secret Face () is a 1991 Turkish drama film written and directed by Ömer Kavur. It was screened in competition at the 48th Venice International Film Festival.", "title": "The Secret Face" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 48th Highlanders of Canada is a Canadian Forces Primary Reserve (i.e., part-time militia) infantry regiment based in Toronto, parading out of Moss Park Armoury. The regiment is part of 4th Canadian Division's 32 Canadian Brigade Group.", "title": "48th Highlanders of Canada" } ]

[ { "answer": "Patricia Conroy", "id": 369224, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Direction of Love >> performer", "raw_question": "Direction of Love >> performer", "statement": "Patricia Conroy is the performer of the song \"Direction of Love\"." }, { "answer": "Canada", "id": 104557, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Which country was Patricia Conroy in?", "raw_question": "Which country was #1 in?", "statement": "Patricia Conroy was from Canada." }, { "answer": "Moss Park Armoury", "id": 492752, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "48th Highlanders of Canada >> headquarters location", "raw_question": "48th Highlanders of #2 >> headquarters location", "statement": "The headquarters of the 48th Highlanders of Canada is located at Moss Park Armoury." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city has an elevation of 382.2 m (1,254 feet). In a 1984 census the city's population was 17,320. Al Jawf receives almost no rain whatsoever, averaging only 2.5mm (.1 inch) per year. Summer high temperatures average above 37.8 °C (100 °F).", "title": "Al Jawf, Libya" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Delhi features a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) bordering a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The warm season lasts from 21 March to 15 June with an average daily high temperature above 39 °C (102 °F). The hottest day of the year is 22 May, with an average high of 40 °C (104 °F) and low of 28 °C (82 °F). The cold season lasts from 26 November to 9 February with an average daily high temperature below 20 °C (68 °F). The coldest day of the year is 4 January, with an average low of 2 °C (36 °F) and high of 14 °C (57 °F). In early March, the wind direction changes from north-westerly to south-westerly. From April to October the weather is hot. The monsoon arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity. The brief, mild winter starts in late November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs.Temperatures in Delhi usually range from 2 to 47 °C (35.6 to 116.6 °F), with the lowest and highest temperatures ever recorded being −2.2 and 48.4 °C (28.0 and 119.1 °F), respectively. The annual mean temperature is 25 °C (77 °F); monthly mean temperatures range from 13 to 32 °C (55 to 90 °F). The highest temperature recorded in July was 45 °C (113 °F) in 1931. The average annual rainfall is approximately 886 mm (34.9 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in July and August. The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Delhi is 29 June.", "title": "Delhi" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from December to April is the dry season. Sunshine is very prominent for nearly the entire year and even during the rainy season. Humidity, however, is not very high due to the winds. The average temperature is around 25 °C with day temperatures rising to 32 °C. The average high and low temperatures in January are 28 °C and 22 °C, respectively, while in July they are 30 °C and 24 °C. The lowest night temperature recorded is 13 °C. The Caribbean sea waters in the vicinity generally maintain a temperature of about 27 °C.", "title": "Saint Barthélemy" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Season HGTV Season Episodes Filming location Season premiere Season finale 13 Toronto January 4, 2011 (2011 - 01 - 04) March 29, 2011 (2011 - 03 - 29) 13 Toronto October 20, 2011 (2011 - 10 - 20) January 31, 2012 (2012 - 01 - 31) 13 Austin February 7, 2012 (2012 - 02 - 07) May 1, 2012 (2012 - 05 - 01) 13 Austin / Toronto September 4, 2012 (2012 - 09 - 04) February 4, 2013 (2013 - 02 - 04) 5 13 Vancouver February 17, 2013 (2013 - 02 - 17) August 22, 2013 (2013 - 08 - 22) 6 13 Atlanta January 12, 2014 (2014 - 01 - 12) Unknown 7 13 Toronto October 27, 2014 (2014 - 10 - 27) Unknown 5 8 13 Westchester County September 14, 2015 (2015 - 09 - 14) October 28, 2015 (2015 - 10 - 28) 9 13 Westchester County Unknown August 22, 2016 (2016 - 08 - 22) 6 10 13 Westchester County October 24, 2016 (2016 - 10 - 24) April 17, 2017 (2017 - 04 - 17) 11 13 Nashville April 24, 2017 (2017 - 04 - 24) February 26, 2018 (2018 - 02 - 26) 7 12 13 Nashville / Toronto March 5, 2018 (2018 - 03 - 05) ()", "title": "List of Property Brothers episodes" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to the protection provided by the Central Mountain Range to the east and the Miaoli hills to the north, Taichung is rarely severely affected by typhoons. However, occasional typhoons emerging from the South China Sea can pose a threat to the city as evidenced by Typhoon Wayne in 1986, which struck the west coast of Taiwan near Taichung.Due to Taichung plain's strong radiative cooling effect, Taichung City is one of the few cities of Taiwan where the year round average daily low temperature falls below 20 degrees Celsius, with even most cities of northern Taiwan, such as Taipei and Keelung having an average low of over 20.5 degrees C.", "title": "Taichung" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The January daily average is 33.0 °F (0.6 °C), though, in a normal winter, the temperature frequently rises to 50 °F (10 °C) during thaws and dips to 10 °F (−12 °C) for 2 or 3 nights. July averages 78.1 °F (25.6 °C), although heat waves accompanied by high humidity and heat indices are frequent; highs reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 27 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry; February's average of 2.64 inches (67 mm) makes it the area's driest month. The dewpoint in the summer averages between 59.1 °F (15 °C) to 64.5 °F (18 °C).", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor has a typically Midwestern humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), which is influenced by the Great Lakes. There are four distinct seasons: winters are cold with moderate to heavy snowfall, while summers are very warm and humid, and spring and autumn are short but mild. The area experiences lake effect weather, primarily in the form of increased cloudiness during late fall and early winter. The monthly daily average temperature in July is 72.6 °F (22.6 °C), while the same figure for January is 24.5 °F (−4.2 °C). Temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 10 days, and drop to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on 4.6 nights. Precipitation tends to be the heaviest during the summer months, but most frequent during winter. Snowfall, which normally occurs from November to April but occasionally starts in October, averages 58 inches (147 cm) per season. The lowest recorded temperature was −23 °F (−31 °C) on 11 February 1885 and the highest recorded temperature was 105 °F (41 °C) on 24 July 1934.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Autumn, winter, and early spring are frequently characterized by rain. Winters are cool and wet with December, the coolest month, averaging 40.6 °F (4.8 °C), with 28 annual days with lows that reach the freezing mark, and 2.0 days where the temperature stays at or below freezing all day; the temperature rarely lowers to 20 °F (−7 °C). Summers are sunny, dry and warm, with August, the warmest month, averaging 66.1 °F (18.9 °C), and with temperatures reaching 90 °F (32 °C) on 3.1 days per year, although 2011 is the most recent year to not reach 90 °F. The hottest officially recorded temperature was 103 °F (39 °C) on July 29, 2009; the coldest recorded temperature was 0 °F (−18 °C) on January 31, 1950; the record cold daily maximum is 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 14, 1950, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 71 °F (22 °C) the day the official record high was set. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 16 thru March 10, allowing a growing season of 250 days.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus has one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean part of the European Union.[citation needed] The average annual temperature on the coast is around 24 °C (75 °F) during the day and 14 °C (57 °F) at night. Generally, summers last about eight months, beginning in April with average temperatures of 21–23 °C (70–73 °F) during the day and 11–13 °C (52–55 °F) at night, and ending in November with average temperatures of 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) during the day and 12–14 °C (54–57 °F) at night, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes exceed 20 °C (68 °F).", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower (also known as the Tennessee Tower) is a skyscraper in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, that houses Tennessee government offices. The tower was built for the National Life and Accident Insurance Company and served as its National Life Center until the State of Tennessee acquired it on January 3, 1994. More than 1,000 state employees who had been assigned to numerous locations now work in the building.", "title": "William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bethlehem has a Mediterranean climate, with hot and dry summers and mild, wetter winters. Winter temperatures (mid-December to mid-March) can be cool and rainy. January is the coldest month, with temperatures ranging from 1 to 13 degree Celsius (33–55 °F). From May through September, the weather is warm and sunny. August is the hottest month, with a high of 30 degrees Celsius (86 °F). Bethlehem receives an average of 700 millimeters (28 in) of rainfall annually, 70% between November and January.Bethlehem's average annual relative humidity is 60% and reaches its highest rates between January and February. Humidity levels are at their lowest in May. Night dew may occur in up to 180 days per year. The city is influenced by the Mediterranean Sea breeze that occurs around mid-day. However, Bethlehem is affected also by annual waves of hot, dry, sandy and dust Khamaseen winds from the Arabian Desert, during April, May and mid-June.", "title": "Bethlehem" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mean monthly temperatures range from around 53 F in January to 82 F in July. High temperatures average 64 to 92 °F (18 to 33 °C) throughout the year. High heat indices are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above 110 °F (43.3 °C) possible. The highest temperature recorded was 104 °F (40 °C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872. It is common for thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon. These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A self - cleaning oven is an oven which uses high temperature (approximately 500 degrees Celsius or 900 degrees Fahrenheit) to burn off leftovers from baking, without the use of any chemical agents.", "title": "Self-cleaning oven" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tucson has a desert climate (Köppen BWh), with two major seasons, summer and winter; plus three minor seasons: fall, spring, and the monsoon. Tucson averages 11.8 inches (299.7 mm) of precipitation per year, more than most other locations with desert climates, but it still qualifies due to its high evapotranspiration; in other words, it experiences a high net loss of water. A similar scenario is seen in Alice Springs, Australia, which averages 11 inches (279.4 mm) a year, but has a desert climate.", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Celsius scale was based on 0 ° C for the freezing point of water and 100 ° C for the boiling point of water at 1 atm pressure following a change introduced in 1743 by Jean - Pierre Christin to reverse the Celsius thermometer scale (from water boiling at 0 degrees and ice melting at 100 degrees). This scale is widely taught in schools today. By international agreement the unit ``degree Celsius ''and the Celsius scale are currently defined by two different temperatures: absolute zero, and the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW), a specially purified water. This definition also precisely relates the Celsius scale to the Kelvin scale, which defines the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature with symbol K. Absolute zero, the lowest temperature possible, is defined as being exactly 0 K and − 273.15 ° C. The temperature of the triple point of water is defined as exactly 273.16 K (0.01 ° C; 32.02 ° F).", "title": "Celsius" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The annual mean temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 21–33 °C (70–91 °F). Summers (March–June) are hot and humid, with average highs in the mid-to-high 30s Celsius; maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) between April and June. The coolest temperatures occur in December and January, when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F). May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from 26 to 39 °C (79–102 °F); December, the coldest, has temperatures varying from 14.5 to 28 °C (57–82 °F).", "title": "Hyderabad" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brachychiton collinus, the outcrop kurrajong, is a small deciduous tree found growing in some of the harshest climatic conditions in Australia. This small tree is commonly found between Cloncurry and Mount Isa in North-West Queensland, Australia. The North-West savannah zone of Queensland is characterised by very high summer temperatures of up to 50 degrees Celsius and an unpredictable monsoonal rainfall that may deliver the whole annual rainfall of some 50 cm overnight. This tree most often grows on rocky outcrops where little other scrub, grasses or other understory plants can survive. It is probable that this preference for bare rocky outcrops is a function of the tree's sensitivity to fire. Most brachychiton species do not survive a strong grass or brush fire.", "title": "Brachychiton collinus" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Classified as a Subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb), Santa Monica enjoys an average of 310 days of sunshine a year. It is located in USDA plant hardiness zone 11a. Because of its location, nestled on the vast and open Santa Monica Bay, morning fog is a common phenomenon in May, June and early July (caused by ocean temperature variations and currents). Like other inhabitants of the greater Los Angeles area, residents have a particular terminology for this phenomenon: the \"May Gray\" and the \"June Gloom\". Overcast skies are common during June mornings, but usually the strong sun burns the fog off by noon. In the late winter/early summer, daily fog is a phenomenon too. It happens suddenly and it may last some hours or past sunset time. Nonetheless, it will sometimes stay cloudy and cool all day during June, even as other parts of the Los Angeles area enjoy sunny skies and warmer temperatures. At times, the sun can be shining east of 20th Street, while the beach area is overcast. As a general rule, the beach temperature is from 5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (3 to 6 degrees Celsius) cooler than it is inland during summer days, and 5–10 degrees warmer during winter nights.", "title": "Santa Monica, California" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time. As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an Arctic cold front of unprecedented intensity slammed across the state, causing the temperature to crash 66 degrees, down to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same date. This type of phenomenon is also responsible for many of the tornadoes in the area, such as the 1912 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, when a warm front traveled along a stalled cold front, resulting in an average of about one tornado per hour over the course of a day.", "title": "Oklahoma" } ]

[ { "answer": "Nashville", "id": 48523, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "where was season 11 of property brothers filmed", "raw_question": "where was season 11 of property brothers filmed", "statement": "Season 11 of Property Brothers was filmed in Nashville." }, { "answer": "Tennessee", "id": 777020, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Nashville >> capital of", "raw_question": "#1 >> capital of", "statement": "Nashville is the capital of Tennessee." }, { "answer": "32", "id": 31262, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What is Tennessee 's average high temperature in degree Celsius during the summer?", "raw_question": "What is #2 's average high temperature in degree Celsius during the summer?", "statement": "Tennessee's average high temperature in degree Celsius during the summer is 32." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patrick Mweheire is an investment banker and bank executive, in Uganda. He is the managing director and chief executive officer of Stanbic Bank Uganda, the largest commercial bank in the country, by assets and branch list.", "title": "Patrick Mweheire" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following traditional practice from South India, the father's name is sometimes abbreviated to an initial and placed before the personal name. Thus, a man called Anbuselvan whose father is called Ramanan may be called Anbuselvan anak lelaki Ramanan (formal), Anbuselvan a/l Ramanan (as on his government identification card), Anbuselvan Ramanan or R. Anbuselvan. Whereas, his daughter Mathuram would be called Mathuram anak perempuan Anbuselvan (formal), Mathuram a/p Anbuselvan (as on her government identification card), Mathuram Anbuselvan or A. Mathuram. Although not recorded officially, an Indian woman may use her husband's personal name instead of her father's name after marriage.", "title": "Malaysian names" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions of euros to banks to stabilise the financial system. In December 2007, the ECB decided in conjunction with the Federal Reserve System under a programme called Term auction facility to improve dollar liquidity in the eurozone and to stabilise the money market.", "title": "European Central Bank" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiss is a 1963 silent American experimental film directed by Andy Warhol, which runs 50 minutes and features various couples—man and woman, woman and woman, man and man—kissing for 3½ minutes each. The film features Naomi Levine, Gerard Malanga, Rufus Collins, Johnny Dodd, and Ed Sanders.", "title": "Kiss (1963 film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The City Council is the legislative branch and is made up of 50 aldermen, one elected from each ward in the city. The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions and approves the city budget. Government priorities and activities are established in a budget ordinance usually adopted each November.", "title": "Government of Chicago" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann (\"Land Captain\"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).", "title": "East Prussia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saw Kill may refer to three different bodies of water in New York. Two are tributaries and make up watersheds on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. The northernmost of these is in the Town of Stuyvesant, New York in Columbia County and the southernmost of these is in the Town of Red Hook, New York in Dutchess County. The northern Saw Kill is more commonly known as Mill Creek today. The third tributary drains into Esopus Creek on the Hudson’s west bank. This article refers to the southern body of water on the east bank as Saw Kill (east) and the body of water on the west bank as Saw Kill (west).", "title": "Saw Kill" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodore Mann, birth name Goldman, (May 13, 1924 – February 24, 2012) was an American theatre producer and director and the Artistic Director of the Circle in the Square Theatre School.", "title": "Theodore Mann" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lèvres de Sang (English title: \"Lips of Blood\") is a 1975 French horror film directed by Jean Rollin. The film tells the story of a man who begins to have visions of a young woman dressed in white who is locked behind the gates of a château. The director was \"forced\" to shot the hardcore version as well under the title \"Suce Moi Vampire\".", "title": "Lèvres de Sang" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marripadu is a village and a Mandal in Nellore district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is located at the border of Nellore District. It produces tobacco. It is on the banks of small river called Boggeru. Somasila Project, Udayagiri are the adjacent tourist places.", "title": "Marripadu" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Act, 1978 Parliament of India An Act for demonetisation of high denomination Indian bank notes, for improving Economy of India, and regulating illegal financial transactions, with higher denomination bank notes. Citation% 201978. pdf The High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Act 11, 1978 Territorial extent India Enacted by Lok Sabha Date passed 16 January 1978 Enacted by Rajya Sabha Legislative history Bill introduced in the Lok Sabha Number 20 of 1978 Amends High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Amendment Act, 1998 Related legislation Ministry of Law Status: In force", "title": "The High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Act, 1978" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Karnataka Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of Karnataka state in south western India. Karnataka is one of the seven states in India, where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly), and the Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council). The Karnataka Legislative Council is a permanent body comprising 75 members.", "title": "Karnataka Legislative Council" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "title": "Demographics of the European Union" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Man, a Woman, and a Bank, also known as A Very Big Withdraw, is a 1979 Canadian heist film, starring Donald Sutherland and Brooke Adams and directed by Noel Black. Film was partially funded by McNichol, a production company formed by teenage actress Kristy McNichol, her manager-mother Carollyne and their representatives. This is the only film the McNichol team produced.", "title": "A Man, a Woman, and a Bank" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ines Cassettari (died 1943) was an Italian emigrant to America whose autobiography became famous. She was born in 1866 or 1867 in Lombardy, Italy, and abandoned at birth, and lived in an orphanage and then a foster home. She was forced to marry an abusive man. They immigrated to the United States, where she refused to run a brothel for him and eventually left him. She remarried and worked as a cleaning woman in the Chicago Commons until she died.", "title": "Ines Cassettari" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Woman Is the Future of Man () is a 2004 South Korean film directed by Hong Sang-soo. The film was not a box-office hit, but was entered in the competition category of the 2004 Cannes Film Festival and received screenings at several other festivals. The title of the film is a translation of a line from a poem by Louis Aragon that the director saw printed on a French postcard.", "title": "Woman Is the Future of Man" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Man Called Dagger (1968) is a low-budget spy film that was the first collaboration between director Richard Rush, cinematographer László Kovács and stuntman Gary Warner Kent (who also did the film's special effects).", "title": "A Man Called Dagger" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Created by Norman Collins and originally presented by Alan Ivimey, Woman's Hour was first broadcast on 7 October 1946 on the BBC's Light Programme (now called Radio 2). Janet Quigley, who was also involved with the birth of the UK radio programme Today, has been credited with ``virtually creating ''the programme.", "title": "Woman's Hour" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Black was born in Chicago, Illinois. He won awards at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival for an 18-minute short subject filmed in 1965 called \"Skaterdater\". It had no dialogue, but used music and sound effects to advance the plot. It was nominated for an Academy Award for best short film in 1966.", "title": "Noel Black" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The highest policy-making body of the bank is the Board of Governors, composed of one representative from each member state. The Board of Governors, in turn, elect among themselves the twelve members of the Board of Directors and their deputies. Eight of the twelve members come from regional (Asia-Pacific) members while the others come from non-regional members.The Board of Governors also elect the bank's president, who is the chairperson of the Board of Directors and manages ADB. The president has a term of office lasting five years, and may be reelected. Traditionally, and because Japan is one of the largest shareholders of the bank, the president has always been Japanese.", "title": "Asian Development Bank" } ]

[ { "answer": "Noel Black", "id": 481899, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "A Man, a Woman, and a Bank >> director", "raw_question": "A Man, a Woman, and a Bank >> director", "statement": "Noel Black is the director of A Man, a Woman, and a Bank." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "id": 839945, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Noel Black >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Noel Black was born in Chicago." }, { "answer": "City Council", "id": 66869, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "what is the legislative body of Chicago called", "raw_question": "what is the legislative body of #2 called", "statement": "The legislative body of Chicago is called the City Council." } ]

[ "city council", "City council" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Berlin–Hamburg railway was opened between Berlin and Boizenburg on 15 October 1846 and Glöwen station was opened on the same day. The station was intended from the beginning to serve not only the comparatively small town of Glöwen, but also as a hub for Havelberg and a number of other places. In the years following the opening of the station, two passenger fares were offered on the day to Havelberg, plus a fare on the day to Genthin and even a fare to Rostock. Patronage at Glöwen station in 1847 was in sixth place of the stations of the Berlin-Hamburg Railway after Berlin, Hamburg, Hagenow, Wittenberge and Ludwigslust.", "title": "Glöwen station" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paranthan railway station ( \"Parantaṉ toṭaruntu nilaiyam\") is a railway station in the town of Paranthan in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2014 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Kilinochchi and Pallai, which includes Paranthan, was re-opened on 4 March 2014.", "title": "Paranthan railway station" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilde is an unincorporated place in northern Manitoba, Canada. It is serviced by the Wilde railway station of the Winnipeg - Churchill train.", "title": "Wilde, Manitoba" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Habibganj railway station (Station Code: HBJ) is a railway station in Bhopal City and part of the West Central Railway. It is located in Habibganj, New Bhopal. It is India's first private railway station.", "title": "Habibganj railway station" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Float Railway Station was a former station on the Inny Junction to Cavan branch of the Midland Great Western Railway, Ireland. It opened in 1856 and closed in 1947. Due to the fuel shortage caused by World War Two, the station was closed for over a year and a half in 1944-1945.", "title": "Float railway station" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station, while other stations like Nanjing West Railway Station, Zhonghuamen Railway Station and Xianlin Railway Station serve minor roles. Nanjing Railway Station was first built in 1968. In 1999, On November 12, 1999, the station was burnt in a serious fire. Reconstruction of the station was finished on September 1, 2005. Nanjing South Railway Station, which is one of the 5 hub stations on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, has officially been claimed as the largest railway station in Asia and the second largest in the world in terms of GFA (Gross Floor Area). Construction of Nanjing South Station began on 10 January 2008. The station was opened for public service in 2011.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Omanthai railway station ( \"Ōmantai toṭaruntu nilaiyam\") is a railway station in the town of Omanthai in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2009 due to the civil war. It was re-opened on 27 May 2011.", "title": "Omanthai railway station" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Latin American wars of independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies in the Americas. Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the United States; the Haitian Revolution lasted from 1791 to 1804, when they won their independence. The Peninsular War with France, which resulted from the Napoleonic occupation of Spain, caused Spanish Creoles in Spanish America to question their allegiance to Spain, stoking independence movements that culminated in the wars of independence, which lasted almost two decades. At the same time, the Portuguese monarchy relocated to Brazil during Portugal's French occupation. After the royal court returned to Lisbon, the prince regent, Pedro, remained in Brazil and in 1822 successfully declared himself emperor of a newly independent Brazil.", "title": "Decolonization of the Americas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amiens Gun is a German railway gun (originally mounted in the battleship ) that was captured by the Australian Imperial Force during World War I and returned to Australia as a war trophy. The 28 cm SK L/40 \"Bruno\" (SK – \"Schnelladekanone\" (quick-loading cannon) L – \"Länge\" (with a 40-calibre barrel)) gun was placed on public display on 26 March 1920 adjacent to the Central railway station, Sydney. While the gun's carriage was scrapped during the 1960s, the gun barrel remains on display at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra.", "title": "Amiens Gun" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was still officially neutral during World War II. The decision to declare war was made by Adolf Hitler, apparently offhand, almost without consultation. Later that day, the United States declared war on Germany.", "title": "German declaration of war against the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Russian Empire lost the Crimean War, the importance of use of tactical use of modern inventions, as well as railways. In February 1851 the Government of Russia made a decision to build the Saint Petersburg – Warsaw Railway line. Starting from 1858 the line connecting Saint Petersburg and Warsaw was being built. In the territory of Lithuania, the construction of the railway section Daugavpils–Vilnius–Grodno including the branch Lentvaris–Kaunas–Kybartai (Virbalis) was started in spring 1859. The first railway stations in Lithuania were constructed on this line (21 stations): the super class stations in Lentvaris and Virbalis, as well as the first class stations in Kaunas and Vilnius. Due to the hilly and unfavorable for the direct rail passage terrain around Kaunas' centre, the Kaunas Railway Tunnel and largest in Lithuania railway bridge over the Nemunas river were constructed. On the 15 August 1861 the first train left Kaunas and reached Lentvaris. Kaunas railway station was officially opened on 21 February 1862. In 1944, the station was bombed by the withdrawing German army.", "title": "Kaunas railway station" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kokuvil railway station ( \"Kokkuvil toṭaruntu nilaiyam\") is a railway station in the town of Kokuvil in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2015 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Jaffna and Kankesanthurai was re-opened on 2 January 2015.", "title": "Kokuvil railway station" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Salzwedel station was built in 1870 during the construction of the Stendal–Uelzen railway (part of the America Line from Berlin to Bremen and Bremerhaven) by the Magdeburg-Halberstadt Railway Company. Railways formerly ran in seven directions from Salzwedel station or Salzwedel Neustadt station (which lay to the immediate east), as the table below shows. A locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk) was built directly next to it in order to service these routes. During the Second World War, the station area was destroyed in an air raid on 22 February 1945, which caused about 300 deaths. Of the seven lines, only the Stendal–Uelzen railway remain. During the division of Germany the line was cut at the border, but continuous operations were restored on 19 December 1999. It has been extensively modernised since reunification and electrified so that it can be used an alternative route for Intercity-Express train from Berlin to Hamburg.", "title": "Salzwedel station" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Johann Friedrich Bernhard Fischer (19 February 1852 Coburg - 2 August 1915 Dadizele) was a German bacteriologist noted for his classification system for bacteria.", "title": "Bernhard Fischer" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The last time the United States declared war on any nation was in 1942, when war was declared against Axis - allied Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, because President Franklin Roosevelt thought it was improper to engage in hostilities against a country without a declaration of war. Since then, every American president has used military force without a declaration of war.", "title": "Declaration of war by the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "There are six railway stations in the town of Coburg in Bavaria, southern Germany. These include: two passenger stations, three halts and one goods station.", "title": "Railway stations in Coburg" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America.", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Munroturuttu railway station or Mundrothuruthu railway station (Code:MQO) is an 'HG 2 Category' halt railway station, situated in between Perinad and Sasthamkotta railway stations of Kollam district in Kerala state, India. The station is coming under the Southern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. The nearest major rail head of Munrothuruthu railway station is Kollam Junction railway station.", "title": "Munroturuttu railway station" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and her Thirteen Colonies, which declared independence as the United States of America.", "title": "American Revolutionary War" } ]

[ { "answer": "Coburg", "id": 411538, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Bernhard Fischer >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Bernhard Fischer >> place of birth", "statement": "Bernhard Fischer was born in Coburg." }, { "answer": "Germany", "id": 805015, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Railway stations in Coburg >> country", "raw_question": "Railway stations in #1 >> country", "statement": "The country is Germany." }, { "answer": "11 December 1941", "id": 48308, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "when did america declare war on Germany in ww2", "raw_question": "when did america declare war on #2 in ww2", "statement": "America declared war on Germany on 11 December 1941." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The retail trade in Cork city includes a mix of both modern, state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops. Department stores cater for all budgets, with expensive boutiques for one end of the market and high street stores also available. Shopping centres can be found in many of Cork's suburbs, including Blackpool, Ballincollig, Douglas, Ballyvolane, Wilton and Mahon Point. Others are available in the city centre. These include the recently[when?] completed development of two large malls The Cornmarket Centre on Cornmarket Street, and new the retail street called \"Opera Lane\" off St. Patrick's Street/Academy Street. The Grand Parade scheme, on the site of the former Capitol Cineplex, was planning-approved for 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2) of retail space, with work commencing in 2016. Cork's main shopping street is St. Patrick's Street and is the most expensive street in the country per sq. metre after Dublin's Grafton Street. As of 2015[update] this area has been impacted by the post-2008 downturn, with many retail spaces available for let.[citation needed] Other shopping areas in the city centre include Oliver Plunkett St. and Grand Parade. Cork is also home to some of the country's leading department stores with the foundations of shops such as Dunnes Stores and the former Roches Stores being laid in the city. Outside the city centre is Mahon Point Shopping Centre.", "title": "Cork (city)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miles Straume is a fictional character played by Ken Leung on the ABC television series \"Lost\". Miles is introduced early in the fourth season as a hotheaded and sarcastic medium as a crew member aboard the freighter called the \"Kahana\" that is offshore the island where most of \"Lost\" takes place. Miles arrives on the island and is eventually taken captive by John Locke (played by Terry O'Quinn), who suspects that those on the freighter are there to harm his fellow crash survivors of Oceanic Airlines Flight 815 and expose the island to the general public. Miles is on a mission to obtain Ben Linus (Michael Emerson); instead, he tries to cut a deal with Ben to lie to Miles's employer Charles Widmore (Alan Dale) that Ben is dead.", "title": "Miles Straume" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Publix Super Markets, Inc., commonly known as Publix, is an employee-owned, American supermarket chain headquartered in Lakeland, Florida. Founded in 1930 by George W. Jenkins, Publix is a private corporation that is wholly owned by present and past employees and members of the Jenkins family.", "title": "Publix" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amid a high level of success, the company's West German executives accidentally opened a store in Konstanz in 1973 instead of Koblenz. Later that decade, stores opened in other parts of the world, such as Japan (1974), Australia, Canada, Hong Kong (1975), and Singapore (1978). IKEA further expanded in the 1980s, opening stores in countries such as France and Spain (1981), Belgium (1984), the United States (1985), the United Kingdom (1987), and Italy (1989). The company later expanded into more countries in the 1990s and 2000s. Germany, with 53 stores, is IKEA's biggest market, followed by the United States, with 48 stores. At the end of the 2009 financial year, the IKEA group operated 267 stores in 25 countries. The first IKEA store in Latin America opened on 17 February 2010 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. As of July 2013, the company's presence in developing countries remains minimal.", "title": "IKEA" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trg Slobode or Freedom Square () is the main town square in Nikšić, Montenegro. It's the largest town square in the country. Numerous cafés and restaurants are located on the square, as well as many stores, banks and an art gallery. It also serves as one of the main concert venues in the city.", "title": "Freedom Square, Nikšić" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Desert National Park in Jaisalmer is spread over an area of 3,162 square kilometres (1,221 sq mi), is an excellent example of the ecosystem of the Thar Desert and its diverse fauna. Seashells and massive fossilised tree trunks in this park record the geological history of the desert. The region is a haven for migratory and resident birds of the desert. One can see many eagles, harriers, falcons, buzzards, kestrels and vultures. Short-toed eagles (Circaetus gallicus), tawny eagles (Aquila rapax), spotted eagles (Aquila clanga), laggar falcons (Falco jugger) and kestrels are the commonest of these.", "title": "Rajasthan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Publix stands as one of the largest U.S. regional grocery chains. Locations are found as far north as Spotsylvania, Virginia, as far south as Key West, Florida, while the westernmost location is in Mobile, Alabama. Today, the state of Florida still has the largest number of stores, with 787, about two - thirds of the outlets. As of August 2018, Publix employs about 193,000 people at its 1,231 retail locations, cooking schools, corporate offices, 9 grocery distribution centers, and 11 manufacturing facilities. The manufacturing facilities produce its dairy, deli, bakery, and other food products.", "title": "Publix" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the opening policy in 1979, the Chinese department stores also develops swiftly along with the fast-growing economy. There are different department store groups dominating different regions. For example, INTIME department store has the biggest market presence in Zhejiang province, while Jinying department stores dominate Jiangsu Province. Besides, there are many other department store groups, such as Pacific, Parkson, Wangfujing，New World，etc., many of them are expanding quickly by listing in the financial market.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first department store in the Philippines is the Hoskyn's Department Store of Hoskyn & Co. established in 1877 in Iloilo by the Englishman Henry Hoskyn, nephew of Nicholas Loney, the first British vice-consul in Iloilo. Some of the earliest department stores in the Philippines were located in Manila as early as 1898 with the opening of the American Bazaar, which was later named Beck's. During the course of the American occupation of the Philippines, many department stores were built throughout the city, many of which were located in Escolta. Heacock's, a luxury department store, was considered as the best department store in the Orient. Other department stores included Aguinaldo's, La Puerta del Sol, Estrella del Norte, and the Crystal Arcade, all of which were destroyed during the Battle of Manila in 1945. After the war, department stores were once again alive with the establishment of Shoemart (now SM), and Rustan's. Since the foundation of these companies in the 1950s, there are now more than one hundred department stores to date. At present, due to the huge success of shopping malls, department stores in the Philippines usually are anchor tenants within malls. SM Supermalls and Robinsons Malls are two of the country's most prominent mall chains, all of which has Department Store sections.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Lockheed MQM-105 Aquila (Eagle) was the first small battlefield drone developed in the United States during the 1970s to act as a target designator for the US Army.", "title": "Lockheed MQM-105 Aquila" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1954 the British Aviation Services Group took control of Aquila Airways, the last commercial flying boat operator in the United Kingdom.", "title": "Aquila Airways" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Benjamin Robert Rich (June 18, 1925 – January 5, 1995) was an American engineer and the second Director of Lockheed's Skunk Works from 1975 to 1991, succeeding its founder, Kelly Johnson. Regarded as the \"father of stealth\", Rich was responsible for leading the development of the F-117, the first production stealth aircraft. He also worked on the F-104, U-2, A-12, SR-71, and F-22, among others.", "title": "Ben Rich" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Designated MA-31 in US service, the first launch of the missile took place in August 1996. Evaluated against an improved MQM-8, the MA-31 proved superior and a contract for 34 production missiles was placed in 1999.", "title": "MA-31" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Conference of State Legislatures held in Washington D.C. stated in a 2014 overview that many supporters for affirmative action argue that policies stemming from affirmative action help to open doors for historically excluded groups in workplace settings and higher education. Workplace diversity has become a business management concept in which employers actively seek to promote an inclusive workplace. By valuing diversity, employers have the capacity to create an environment in which there is a culture of respect for individual differences as well as the ability to draw in talent and ideas from all segments of the population. By creating this diverse workforce, these employers and companies gain a competitive advantage in an increasingly global economy. According to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, many private sector employers have concluded that a diverse workforce makes a \"company stronger, more profitable, and a better place to work.\" Therefore, these diversity promoting policies are implemented for competitive reasons rather than as a response to discrimination, but have shown the value in having diversity.", "title": "Affirmative action in the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Publix Super Markets, Inc., commonly known as Publix, is an employee - owned, American supermarket chain headquartered in Lakeland, Florida. Founded in 1930 by George W. Jenkins, Publix is a private corporation that is wholly owned by present and past employees. It is considered the largest employee - owned company in the world. Publix operates throughout the Southeastern United States, with locations in Florida (785), Georgia (186), Alabama (68), South Carolina (58), Tennessee (42), North Carolina (35), and Virginia (8).", "title": "Publix" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee, which remains the company headquarters. The chain's stores were at first positioned near Interstate highway exits in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, but has expanded across the country during the 1990s and 2000s. As of September 18, 2012, the chain operates 639 stores in 43 states.", "title": "Cracker Barrel" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bernardino of Fossa (b. at Fossa, in the Diocese of Aquila, Italy, in 1420; d. at Aquila, 27 November 1503) was an Italian Franciscan historian and ascetical writer.", "title": "Bernardino of Fossa" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From its origins in the fur trade, the Hudson's Bay Company is the oldest corporation in North America and was the largest department store operator in Canada until the mid-1980s, with locations across the country. It also previously owned Zellers, another major Canadian department store which ceased to exist in March 2013 after selling its lease holdings to Target Canada. Other department stores in Canada are: Canadian Tire, Sears Canada, Ogilvy, Les Ailes de la Mode, Giant Tiger, Co-op, Costco and Holt Renfrew. Grocery giant Superstores carry many non-grocery items akin to a department store. Woolco had 160 stores in Canada when operations ceased (Walmart bought out Woolco in 1994). Today low-price Walmart is by far the most dominant department store retailer in Canada with outlets throughout the country. Historically, department stores were a significant component in Canadian economic life, and chain stores such as Eaton's, Charles Ogilvy Limited, Freiman's, Spencer's, Simpsons, Morgan's, and Woodward's were staples in their respective communities. Department stores in Canada are similar in design and style to department stores in the United States.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Denmark you find three department store chains: Magasin (1868), Illum (1891), Salling (1906). Magasin is by far the largest with 6 stores all over the country, with the flagship store being Magasin du Nord on Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen. Illums only store on Amagertorv in Copenhagen has the appearance of a department store with 20% run by Magasin, but has individual shop owners making it a shopping centre. But in people's mind it remains a department store. Salling has two stores in Jutland with one of these being the reason for the closure of a magasin store due to the competition.", "title": "Department store" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Much of Tucson's economic development has been centered on the development of the University of Arizona, which is currently the second largest employer in the city. Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, located on the southeastern edge of the city, also provides many jobs for Tucson residents. Its presence, as well as the presence of the US Army Intelligence Center (Fort Huachuca, the largest employer in the region in nearby Sierra Vista), has led to the development of a significant number of high-tech industries, including government contractors, in the area. The city of Tucson is also a major hub for the Union Pacific Railroad's Sunset Route that links the Los Angeles ports with the South/Southeast regions of the country.", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" } ]

[ { "answer": "Lockheed", "id": 769887, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Ben Rich >> employer", "raw_question": "Ben Rich >> employer", "statement": "Ben Rich's employer is Lockheed." }, { "answer": "the United States", "id": 299916, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Lockheed MQM-105 Aquila >> country", "raw_question": "#1 MQM-105 Aquila >> country", "statement": "The Lockheed MQM-105 Aquila is produced in the United States." }, { "answer": "1,231", "id": 57713, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "how many publix stores are there in the United States", "raw_question": "how many publix stores are there in #2", "statement": "There are 1,231 Publix stores in the United States." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The staple foods were generally consumed around 11 o'clock, and consisted of bread, lettuce, cheese, fruits, nuts, and cold meat left over from the dinner the night before.[citation needed] The Roman poet Horace mentions another Roman favorite, the olive, in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: \"As for me, olives, endives, and smooth mallows provide sustenance.\" The family ate together, sitting on stools around a table. Fingers were used to eat solid foods and spoons were used for soups.[citation needed]", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhejiang's main manufacturing sectors are electromechanical industries, textiles, chemical industries, food, and construction materials. In recent years Zhejiang has followed its own development model, dubbed the \"Zhejiang model\", which is based on prioritizing and encouraging entrepreneurship, an emphasis on small businesses responsive to the whims of the market, large public investments into infrastructure, and the production of low-cost goods in bulk for both domestic consumption and export. As a result, Zhejiang has made itself one of the richest provinces, and the \"Zhejiang spirit\" has become something of a legend within China. However, some economists now worry that this model is not sustainable, in that it is inefficient and places unreasonable demands on raw materials and public utilities, and also a dead end, in that the myriad small businesses in Zhejiang producing cheap goods in bulk are unable to move to more sophisticated or technologically more advanced industries. The economic heart of Zhejiang is moving from North Zhejiang, centered on Hangzhou, southeastward to the region centered on Wenzhou and Taizhou. The per capita disposable income of urbanites in Zhejiang reached 24,611 yuan (US$3,603) in 2009, an annual real growth of 8.3%. The per capita pure income of rural residents stood at 10,007 yuan (US$1,465), a real growth of 8.1% year-on-year. Zhejiang's nominal GDP for 2011 was 3.20 trillion yuan (US$506 billion) with a per capita GDP of 44,335 yuan (US$6,490). In 2009, Zhejiang's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 116.2 billion yuan (US$17 billion), 1.1843 trillion yuan (US$173.4 billion), and 982.7 billion yuan (US$143.9 billion) respectively.", "title": "Zhejiang" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nasi tumpang is rice dish that origin from Kelantan, Malaysia. Nasi tumpang is rice with different layer of dishes wrapped in a cone shape with banana leaf packed. Traditionally, it was staple food for travelers or farmers in Kelantan to bring to work. It is packed tightly consisting an omelette, beef or fish floss, and shrimp or fish local curry, sweet sambal gravy and cucumbers.", "title": "Nasi tumpang" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Gregorian calendar's measurement. Road and water communications were reorganized and improved. To provide against possible famines, granaries were ordered built throughout the empire. The city of Beijing was rebuilt with new palace grounds that included artificial lakes, hills and mountains, and parks. During the Yuan period, Beijing became the terminus of the Grand Canal of China, which was completely renovated. These commercially oriented improvements encouraged overland and maritime commerce throughout Asia and facilitated direct Chinese contacts with Europe. Chinese travelers to the West were able to provide assistance in such areas as hydraulic engineering. Contacts with the West also brought the introduction to China of a major food crop, sorghum, along with other foreign food products and methods of preparation.", "title": "Yuan dynasty" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Public demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other large shelters. Authorities provided stoves and bathrooms and canteen trains provided food. Tickets were issued for bunks in large shelters to reduce the amount of time spent queuing. Committees quickly formed within shelters as informal governments, and organisations such as the British Red Cross and the Salvation Army worked to improve conditions. Entertainment included concerts, films, plays and books from local libraries.", "title": "The Blitz" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to the development of the worldwide sugar industry, dietary fructose was limited to only a few items. Milk, meats, and most vegetables, the staples of many early diets, have no fructose, and only 5 -- 10% fructose by weight is found in fruits such as grapes, apples, and blueberries. Most traditional dried fruits, however, contain about 50% fructose. From 1970 to 2000, there was a 25% increase in ``added sugars ''in the U.S. After being classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1976, HFCS began to replace sucrose as the main sweetener of soft drinks in the United States. At the same time, rates of obesity rose. That correlation, in combination with laboratory research and epidemiological studies that suggested a link between consuming large amounts of fructose and changes to various proxy health measures, including elevated blood triglycerides, size and type of low - density lipoproteins, uric acid levels, and weight, raised concerns about health effects of HFCS itself.", "title": "High-fructose corn syrup" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malu Mirisata (spicy Sri Lankan fish curry) has more of a chili flavor and it’s a favorite method of cooking fish in Sri Lanka. The dish is popular around the country and mostly in seaboard area where fish and other seafood are staple foods. Coconut milk is used in some variations of this dish. This can be usually served with rice, bread or string hoppers.", "title": "Malu Mirisata" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Agriculture is dominated by the cultivation and sale of food crops such as cassava, peanuts, maize, sorghum, millet, sesame, and plantain. The annual real GDP growth rate is just above 3%. The importance of food crops over exported cash crops is indicated by the fact that the total production of cassava, the staple food of most Central Africans, ranges between 200,000 and 300,000 tonnes a year, while the production of cotton, the principal exported cash crop, ranges from 25,000 to 45,000 tonnes a year. Food crops are not exported in large quantities, but still constitute the principal cash crops of the country, because Central Africans derive far more income from the periodic sale of surplus food crops than from exported cash crops such as cotton or coffee.[citation needed] Much of the country is self-sufficient in food crops; however, livestock development is hindered by the presence of the tsetse fly.[citation needed]", "title": "Central African Republic" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism is a primary influence on the art, music, and festivals of the region. Tibetan architecture reflects Chinese and Indian influences. Staple foods in Tibet are roasted barley, yak meat, and butter tea.", "title": "Tibet" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The traditional food of the Emirates has always been rice, fish and meat. The people of the United Arab Emirates have adopted most of their foods from other West and South Asian countries including Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India and Oman. Seafood has been the mainstay of the Emirati diet for centuries. Meat and rice are other staple foods, with lamb and mutton preferred to goat and beef. Popular beverages are coffee and tea, which can be complemented with cardamom, saffron, or mint to give them a distinctive flavour.Popular cultural Emirati dishes include threed, machboos, khubisa, khameer and chabab bread among others while Lugaimat is a famous Emirati dessert.", "title": "United Arab Emirates" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trader Joe's Trader Joe's in Buffalo, New York Type Private Industry Retail (grocery) Founded 1958; 60 years ago (1958) (as Pronto Market) 1967 (1967) (as Trader Joe's) Pasadena, California, USA Founder Joe Coulombe Headquarters Monrovia, California, U.S. Number of locations 474 (as of 12 October 2017) Key people Dan Bane, Chairman & CEO Products Private label staple foods, organic foods and specialty products Revenue US $13 billion (2015) Number of employees 38,000 + Parent ALDI Nord Website traderjoes.com", "title": "Trader Joe's" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smržovka () is a town in the Liberec Region, Czech Republic. Name Smržovka was given to town by overgrown mountain forest, where there was a large amount of morels (, ).", "title": "Smržovka" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace. In time, Kublai Khan's successors lost all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia, while the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese. Gradually, they lost influence in China as well. The reigns of the later Yuan emperors were short and marked by intrigues and rivalries. Uninterested in administration, they were separated from both the army and the populace, and China was torn by dissension and unrest. Outlaws ravaged the country without interference from the weakening Yuan armies.", "title": "Yuan dynasty" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart. In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family.", "title": "Pug" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Finally, in 1949, the Kuomintang again announced a reform with the introduction of the Silver Yuan Certificate, returning China to the silver standard. The silver yuan would be exchanged at 1 silver yuan = 100 million gold yuan, and was backed by silver dollars minted by the Central Mint of China.", "title": "History of Chinese currency" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, favored Buddhism, especially the Tibetan variants. As a result, Tibetan Buddhism was established as the de facto state religion. The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (Xuanzheng Yuan) was set up in Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) to supervise Buddhist monks throughout the empire. Since Kublai Khan only esteemed the Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism, other religions became less important. He and his successors kept a Sakya Imperial Preceptor (Dishi) at court. Before the end of the Yuan dynasty, 14 leaders of the Sakya sect had held the post of Imperial Preceptor, thereby enjoying special power. Furthermore, Mongol patronage of Buddhism resulted in a number of monuments of Buddhist art. Mongolian Buddhist translations, almost all from Tibetan originals, began on a large scale after 1300. Many Mongols of the upper class such as the Jalayir and the Oronar nobles as well as the emperors also patronized Confucian scholars and institutions. A considerable number of Confucian and Chinese historical works were translated into the Mongolian language.", "title": "Yuan dynasty" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Conventional bleaching of wood pulp using elemental chlorine produces and releases into the environment large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds, including chlorinated dioxins. Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Dioxins are highly toxic, and health effects on humans include reproductive, developmental, immune and hormonal problems. They are known to be carcinogenic. Over 90% of human exposure is through food, primarily meat, dairy, fish and shellfish, as dioxins accumulate in the food chain in the fatty tissue of animals.", "title": "Paper" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The late Turrell V. Wylie, a former professor of the University of Washington, and Li Tieh-tseng argue that the reliability of the heavily censored History of Ming as a credible source on Sino-Tibetan relations is questionable, in the light of modern scholarship. Other historians also assert that these Ming titles were nominal and did not actually confer the authority that the earlier Yuan titles had. Van Praag writes that the \"numerous economically motivated Tibetan missions to the Ming Court are referred to as 'tributary missions' in the Ming Shih.\" Van Praag writes that these \"tributary missions\" were simply prompted by China's need for horses from Tibet, since a viable horse market in Mongol lands was closed as a result of incessant conflict. Morris Rossabi also writes that \"Tibet, which had extensive contacts with China during the Yuan, scarcely had diplomatic relations with the Ming.\"", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital. However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange for the abdication of Puyi, the Last Emperor. Yuan demanded the capital be Beijing (closer to his power base).", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beautiful Letdown is the fourth studio album by alternative rock band Switchfoot. Released on February 25, 2003, it launched the band into the mainstream on the strength of two top 20 singles: \"Meant to Live\" and \"Dare You to Move.\" The album was hugely popular and remained a staple on the Billboard 200 album charts for a considerable amount of time. The album sold over 2.7 million copies in the US and was eventually certified double platinum by the RIAA.", "title": "The Beautiful Letdown" } ]

[ { "answer": "China", "id": 107322, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Which was the country for Pug?", "raw_question": "Which was the country for Pug?", "statement": "Pugs come from China." }, { "answer": "Tibet", "id": 799, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Who had a large amount of contacts with China during Yuan?", "raw_question": "Who had a large amount of contacts with #1 during Yuan?", "statement": "Tibet had a large amount of contacts with China during the Yuan." }, { "answer": "yak meat", "id": 26548, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "What is a staple food in Tibet ?", "raw_question": "What is a staple food in #2 ?", "statement": "Yak meat is a staple food in Tibet." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In August 1993, prior to the end of apartheid, the Multiparty Negotiating Forum in South Africa passed a resolution calling for ``the incorporation - reintegration of Walvis Bay and the Off - Shore Islands into Namibia. ''The Transfer of Walvis Bay to Namibia Act was passed by the Parliament of South Africa that year. Following the signing of a treaty between the two countries, South Africa formally transferred sovereignty of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands to Namibia on 1 March 1994.", "title": "Walvis Bay" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "title": "Birth control movement in the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Namibia in Washington, D.C. is the Republic of Namibia's diplomatic mission to the United States. It's located at 1605 New Hampshire Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Dupont Circle neighborhood.", "title": "Embassy of Namibia in Washington, D.C." }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the general election, against the advice of his advisors, Eisenhower insisted on campaigning in the South, refusing to surrender the region to the Democratic Party. The campaign strategy, dubbed \"K1C2\", was to focus on attacking the Truman and Roosevelt administrations on three issues: Korea, Communism and corruption. In an effort to accommodate the right, he stressed that the liberation of Eastern Europe should be by peaceful means only; he also distanced himself from his former boss President Truman.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "South Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto 'fifth province', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa, as well as electing their own local administration the SWA Legislative Assembly. The South African government also appointed the SWA administrator, who had extensive powers. Following the League's replacement by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration (along with a definite independence schedule). The Herero Chief's Council submitted a number of petitions to the UN calling for it to grant Namibia independence during the 1950s. During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia. In 1966 the International Court of Justice dismissed a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa's mandate, while in 1971 the International Court of Justice issued an \"advisory opinion\" declaring South Africa's continued administration to be illegal.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The capital city of Windhoek plays a very important role in Namibia's tourism due to its central location and close proximity to Hosea Kutako International Airport. According to The Namibia Tourism Exit Survey, which was produced by the Millennium Challenge Corporation for the Namibian Directorate of Tourism, 56% of all tourists visiting Namibia during the time period, 2012 - 2013, visited Windhoek. Many of Namibia's tourism related parastatals and governing bodies such as Namibia Wildlife Resorts, Air Namibia and the Namibia Tourism Board as well as Namibia's tourism related trade associations such as the Hospitality Association of Namibia are also all headquartered in Windhoek. There are also a number of notable hotels in Windhoek such as Windhoek Country Club Resort and some international hotel chains also operate in Windhoek, such as Avani Hotels and Resorts and Hilton Hotels and Resorts.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eswatini, Lesotho, Botswana, Namibia, and the Republic of South Africa form the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), where import duties apply uniformly to member countries. Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa also are members of the Common Monetary Area (CMA) in which repatriation and unrestricted funds are permitted. Eswatini issues its own currency, the lilangeni (plural: emalangeni), which is at par with the South African rand.", "title": "Economy of Eswatini" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops, the suicide of Adolf Hitler and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August respectively. With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent, the possibility of additional atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, Japan formally surrendered on 2 September 1945. Thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies.", "title": "World War II" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aminuis Constituency is a electoral constituency in the Omaheke Region of Namibia. It has 12,343 inhabitants, its district capital is the settlement of Aminuis. The constituency forms part of the border between Namibia and Botswana.", "title": "Aminuis Constituency" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 52.2 years in 2012 – among the lowest in the world. The AIDS epidemic is a large problem in Namibia. Though its rate of infection is substantially lower than that of its eastern neighbour, Botswana, approximately 13.1% of the adult population is[update] infected with HIV. In 2001, there were an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, and the estimated death toll in 2003 was 16,000. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, the epidemic in Namibia \"appears to be leveling off.\" As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reduced the working-aged population, the number of orphans has increased. It falls to the government to provide education, food, shelter and clothing for these orphans.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mobile Telecommunications Limited (MTC) is a mobile telecommunications company in Namibia providing cellular access. It is the largest mobile operator in Namibia with over two million active subscribers. MTC was established in 1994 and was the only cellular provider in Namibia at that time. Today its competitors in Namibia are TN Mobile and Telecom.", "title": "MTC Namibia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Boschmanskop No 1+2 Dam, is an earth-fill type dam on the Woes-Alleen River, near Middelburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa. It was established in 1995. Its primary purpose is flood control and it is owned by Optimum Colliery Pullen's Hope.", "title": "Boschmanskop No 1 Dam" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "About half of the population depends on agriculture (largely subsistence agriculture) for its livelihood, but Namibia must still import some of its food. Although per capita GDP is five times the per capita GDP of Africa's poorest countries, the majority of Namibia's people live in rural areas and exist on a subsistence way of life. Namibia has one of the highest rates of income inequality in the world, due in part to the fact that there is an urban economy and a more rural cash-less economy. The inequality figures thus take into account people who do not actually rely on the formal economy for their survival. Although arable land accounts for only 1% of Namibia, nearly half of the population is employed in agriculture.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Namibia is one of few countries in the world to specifically address conservation and protection of natural resources in its constitution. Article 95 states, \"The State shall actively promote and maintain the welfare of the people by adopting international policies aimed at the following: maintenance of ecosystems, essential ecological processes, and biological diversity of Namibia, and utilisation of living natural resources on a sustainable basis for the benefit of all Namibians, both present and future.\"", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pieter Kollen (May 27, 1939—August 5, 2007) was an American figure skater and coach. In 1962 he won the U.S. Figure Skating Championships in pair skating with partner Dorothyann Nelson, and also placed second in the ice dance competition at the same event. They placed 8th in pairs and 7th in dance at the 1962 World Figure Skating Championships.", "title": "Pieter Kollen" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols, and had nothing to do with their ethnicity. The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols, the higher they were placed, the more the held out, the lower they were ranked. The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in. Major commerce during this era gave rise to favorable conditions for private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants.", "title": "Yuan dynasty" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Boddaert was the son of a Middelburg jurist and poet by the same name (1694–1760). The younger Pieter obtained his M.D. at the University of Utrecht in 1764 and there became a lecturer on natural history. Fourteen letters survive of his correspondence with Carl Linnaeus between 1768 and 1775. He was a friend of Albert Schlosser, whose cabinet of \"curiosities\" of natural history he described.", "title": "Pieter Boddaert" } ]

[ { "answer": "Middelburg", "id": 183164, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Pieter Boddaert >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Pieter Boddaert >> place of birth", "statement": "Pieter Boddaert was born in Middelburg." }, { "answer": "South Africa", "id": 643936, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Middelburg >> country", "raw_question": "#1 >> country", "statement": "Middelburg is found in South Africa." }, { "answer": "1946", "id": 36283, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "When did South Africa refuse to surrender Namibia?", "raw_question": "When did #2 refuse to surrender Namibia?", "statement": "South Africa refused to surrender Namibia in 1946." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North Branch of the Millers River is a river in southwestern New Hampshire and northern Massachusetts in the United States. It is a tributary of the Millers River, which flows west to the Connecticut River, which in turn flows south to Long Island Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "North Branch Millers River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guajataca River () is a river on the island of Lares, Puerto Rico. It is located in the northwest coast of the island. It flows from the south and drains into the Atlantic Ocean. The name was given by the original inhabitants prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus.", "title": "Guajataca River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Loire-Atlantique (, ; formerly \"Loire-Inférieure\") is a department in Pays de la Loire on the west coast of France named after the Loire River and the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "Loire-Atlantique" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Irwin River is a river in the Mid West of Western Australia. It was named on 9 April 1839 by the explorer George Grey, while on his second disastrous exploration expedition along the Western Australian coast, after his friend Major Frederick Irwin, the Commandant of the Swan River settlement, and later acting Governor of Western Australia from 1847 to 1848.", "title": "Irwin River" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Libby River is a river in the town of Scarborough, Maine, in the United States. It is tidal in its lower reaches, and it is a tributary of the Scarborough River, joining it just above that river's mouth at the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "Libby River" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Henry Morton Stanley, who had in 1871 succeeded in finding and succouring Livingstone (originating the famous line ``Dr. Livingstone, I presume ''), started again for Zanzibar in 1874. In one of the most memorable of all exploring expeditions in Africa, Stanley circumnavigated Victoria Nyanza (Lake Victoria) and Lake Tanganyika. Striking farther inland to the Lualaba, he followed that river down to the Atlantic Ocean -- which he reached in August 1877 -- and proved it to be the Congo.", "title": "European exploration of Africa" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Branch River is an long river located in eastern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Salmon Falls River, part of the Piscataqua River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "Branch River (New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sandy River and its tributary the Little Sandy River are short rivers in north-central South Carolina in the United States. The Sandy is a tributary of the Broad River; via the Broad and Congaree Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Santee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "Sandy River (South Carolina)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Tekezé River rises in the central Ethiopian Highlands near Mount Qachen within Lasta, from where it flows west, north, then west again, forming the westernmost border of Ethiopia and Eritrea from the confluence of the Tomsa with the Tekezé at to the tripoint between the two countries and Sudan at . After entering northeastern Sudan at the tripoint it joins the Atbarah River, which is a tributary of the Nile. The Tekezé is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the former follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers.", "title": "Tekezé River" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Atbarah River (; transliterated: Nahr 'Atbarah) in northeast Africa rises in northwest Ethiopia, approximately 50 km north of Lake Tana and 30 km west of Gondar. It flows about 805 km (500 mi) to the Nile in north-central Sudan, joining it at the city of Atbarah (). The river's tributary, the Tekezé (Setit) River, is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the Tekezé follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) in northeastern Sudan. The Atbarah is the last tributary of the Nile before it reaches the Mediterranean.", "title": "Atbarah River" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lincoln Mountains is a mountain range in southeastern Alaska, United States, located on the Alaskan side of the Portland Canal between the Salmon River and the Soule River, near the community of Hyder. It has an area of 235 km and is a subrange of the Boundary Ranges which in turn form part of the Coast Mountains.", "title": "Lincoln Mountains" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis), also known as the northern river otter or the common otter, is a semiaquatic mammal endemic to the North American continent found in and along its waterways and coasts. An adult river otter can weigh between 5.0 and 14 kg (11.0 and 30.9 lb). The river otter is protected and insulated by a thick, water - repellent coat of fur.", "title": "North American river otter" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beyeda is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Located in the easternmost point of the Semien Gondar Zone, Beyeda is bordered on the south by the Wag Hemra Zone, on the west by Jan Amora, on the north by Tselemt, and on the east by the Tekezé River which separates it from the Tigray Region. The major town in Beyeda is Dil Yibza.", "title": "Beyeda" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wassaw Sound is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the coast of Georgia, United States near Savannah at the mouth of the Wilmington River.", "title": "Wassaw Sound" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatarka River () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right bank tributary of the Babka River, which in turn is a tributary of the Sylva River. The river is long.", "title": "Tatarka River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The East Branch of the Mohawk River is a river in northern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Mohawk River, which flows west to the Connecticut River, which in turn flows south to Long Island Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "East Branch Mohawk River (New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Balagas River is a river of northern Ethiopia. A tributary of the Tekezé, its own tributaries include the Balessa and Dorana rivers.", "title": "Balagas River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of lighthouses in Canada. These may naturally be divided into lighthouses on the Pacific coast, on the Arctic Ocean, in the Hudson Bay watershed, on the Labrador Sea and Gulf of St. Lawrence, in the St. Lawrence River watershed (including the Great Lakes), and on the Atlantic seaboard.", "title": "List of lighthouses in Canada" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Komoé River, or Comoé River. is a river in West Africa. The river originates on the Sikasso Plateau of Burkina Faso, flow through the Cascades de Karfiguéla, forms a short section of the border between Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast until it enters Ivory Coast, where it is the major drainage for northeastern portion of that country before emptying into the Atlantic. The banks of the Komoé are shaded by riparian forests along most of it length providing an important habitat for wildlife and a source of agricultural water. Where reliable floodplains form in Ivory Coast, rice may be grown. A portion of the river in northern Ivory Coast is the source of the vegetative richness that earned that area a UNESCO World Heritage Site designation, Comoé National Park.", "title": "Komoé River" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Orikaka River (also known as the Mackley River) is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows southwest from the southern end of the Matiri Range before turning south to flow into the Buller River five kilometres to the west of Inangahua.", "title": "Orikaka River" } ]

[ { "answer": "Atbarah River", "id": 155787, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "What river does Tekezé River turn into?", "raw_question": "What river does Tekezé River turn into?", "statement": "The Tekezé River turns into the Atbarah River." }, { "answer": "Africa", "id": 497059, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Atbarah River >> continent", "raw_question": "#1 >> continent", "statement": "The Atbarah River is located in Africa." }, { "answer": "Henry Morton Stanley", "id": 82322, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "who began exploration of Africa 's atlantic coast", "raw_question": "who began exploration of #2 's atlantic coast", "statement": "Henry Morton Stanley began exploration of Africa's Atlantic coast." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adherents of Islam constitute the world's second largest religious group. According to a study in 2015, Islam has 1.8 billion adherents, making up about 24% of the world population. Most Muslims are either of two denominations: Sunni (80 - 90%, roughly 1.5 billion people) or Shia (10 -- 20%, roughly 170 - 340 million people). Islam is the dominant religion in the Central Asia, Indonesia, Middle East, South Asia, North Africa, the Sahel and some other parts of Asia. The diverse Asia - Pacific region contains the highest number of Muslims in the world, easily surpassing the Middle East and North Africa.", "title": "Islam by country" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The early Islamic literature indicates that the conquest of India was one of the very early ambitions of the Muslims, though it was recognized as a particularly difficult one. After conquering Persia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate incorporated parts of what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan around 720. The book Chach Nama chronicles the Chacha Dynasty's period, following the demise of the Rai Dynasty and the ascent of Chach of Alor to the throne, down to the Arab conquest by Muhammad bin Qasim in the early 8th century AD, by defeating the last Hindu monarch of Sindh, Raja Dahir.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sunni Muslims make up between 69–74% of Syria's population and Sunni Arabs account for 59–60% of the population. Most Kurds (8.5%) and most Turkoman (3%) are Sunni and account for the difference between Sunnis and Sunni Arabs, while 13% of Syrians are Shia Muslims (particularly Alawite, Twelvers, and Ismailis but there are also Arabs, Kurds and Turkoman), 10% Christian (the majority are Antiochian Greek Orthodox, the rest are Syrian Orthodox, Greek Catholic and other Catholic Rites, Assyrian Church of the East, Armenian Orthodox, Protestants and other denominations), and 3% Druze. Druze number around 500,000, and concentrate mainly in the southern area of Jabal al-Druze.President Bashar al-Assad's family is Alawite and Alawites dominate the government of Syria and hold key military positions. In May 2013, SOHR stated that out of 94,000 killed during the Syrian Civil War, at least 41,000 were Alawites.Christians (2.5 million), a sizable number of whom are found among Syria's population of Palestinian refugees, are divided into several sects: Chalcedonian Antiochian Orthodox make up 45.7% of the Christian population; the Catholics (Melkite, Armenian Catholic, Syriac Catholic, Maronite, Chaldean Catholic and Latin) make up 16.2%; the Armenian Apostolic Church 10.9%, the Syriac Orthodox make up 22.4%; Assyrian Church of the East and several smaller Christian denominations account for the remainder. Many Christian monasteries also exist. Many Christian Syrians belong to a high socio-economic class.", "title": "Syria" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Umayyad caliphate was marked both by territorial expansion and by the administrative and cultural problems that such expansion created. Despite some notable exceptions, the Umayyads tended to favor the rights of the old Arab families, and in particular their own, over those of newly converted Muslims (mawali). Therefore, they held to a less universalist conception of Islam than did many of their rivals. As G.R. Hawting has written, \"Islam was in fact regarded as the property of the conquering aristocracy.\"", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Islamic world to Somalia in the early centuries of Islam and the peaceful conversion of the Somali population by Somali Muslim scholars in the following centuries, the ancient city-states eventually transformed into Islamic Mogadishu, Berbera, Zeila, Barawa and Merca, which were part of the Berberi civilization. The city of Mogadishu came to be known as the City of Islam, and controlled the East African gold trade for several centuries.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qutb al - Din Aibak, a former Turkic Mamluk slave of Muhammad Ghori, was the first sultan of Delhi, and his Mamluk dynasty conquered large areas of northern India. Afterwards, the Khalji dynasty was also able to conquer most of central India, but both failed to conquer the whole of the Indian subcontinent. The sultanate reached the peak of its geographical reach during the Tughlaq dynasty, occupying most of the Indian subcontinent. This was followed by decline due to Hindu reconquests, states such as the Vijayanagara Empire asserting independence, and new Muslim sultanates such as the Bengal Sultanate breaking off.", "title": "Delhi Sultanate" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula. All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632). After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and reaching Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later 7th century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711. By 714, Islamic forces controlled much of the peninsula in a region they called Al-Andalus.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Modern Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power, with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Its economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services at almost equal production levels. In 2011, longtime President Hosni Mubarak stepped down amid mass protests. Later elections saw the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was ousted by the army a year later amid mass protests.", "title": "Egypt" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Silves was a Muslim taifa Moorish kingdom that existed in what is now southern Portugal for two distinct periods: from 1027 to 1063, and again from 1145 to 1150, when it was finally conquered by the Almohad Caliphate.", "title": "Taifa of Silves" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year.", "title": "Sahara" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The country with the single largest population of Muslims is Indonesia in Southeast Asia, which on its own hosts 13% of the world's Muslims. Together, the Muslims in the countries of the Malay Archipelago (which includes Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and East Timor) constitute the world's second or third largest population of Muslims. Here Muslims are majorities in each country other than Singapore, the Philippines, and East Timor.", "title": "Islam by country" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Southeast Asia, Muslim students have a choice of attending a secular government or an Islamic school. Madaris or Islamic schools are known as Sekolah Agama (Malay: religious school) in Malaysia and Indonesia, โรงเรียนศาสนาอิสลาม (Thai: school of Islam) in Thailand and madaris in the Philippines. In countries where Islam is not the majority or state religion, Islamic schools are found in regions such as southern Thailand (near the Thai-Malaysian border) and the southern Philippines in Mindanao, where a significant Muslim population can be found.", "title": "Madrasa" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several Islamic kingdoms (sultanates) under both foreign and, newly converted, Rajput rulers were established across the north western subcontinent (Afghanistan and Pakistan) over a period of a few centuries. From the 10th century, Sindh was ruled by the Rajput Soomra dynasty, and later, in the mid-13th century by the Rajput Samma dynasty. Additionally, Muslim trading communities flourished throughout coastal south India, particularly on the western coast where Muslim traders arrived in small numbers, mainly from the Arabian peninsula. This marked the introduction of a third Abrahamic Middle Eastern religion, following Judaism and Christianity, often in puritanical form. Mahmud of Ghazni in the early 11th century raided mainly the north-western parts of the Indian sub-continent 17 times, but he did not seek to establish \"permanent dominion\" in those areas.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized workers. It is fairly certain that it was during the Uruk period that Sumerian cities began to make use of slave labor captured from the hill country, and there is ample evidence for captured slaves as workers in the earliest texts. Artifacts, and even colonies of this Uruk civilization have been found over a wide area—from the Taurus Mountains in Turkey, to the Mediterranean Sea in the west, and as far east as central Iran.", "title": "Sumer" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for the exportation of African slaves by Europeans to the western hemisphere. Previously slaves had been traded by Arabs north to the northern part of Africa and into the Middle East.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the 12th century AD there were also influences from Arabia in the language and culture of the Maldives because of the conversion to Islam and its location as a crossroads in the central Indian Ocean. This was due to the long trading history between the far east and the middle east.", "title": "Maldives" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The presence of Islam in Guam is quite small, centered on the island's only mosque, the Masjid Al-Noor in Mangilao. Muslims in Guam are from a wide variety of backgrounds, both originating in traditionally Muslim countries, as well as Chamorro converts and mainland Americans.", "title": "Islam in Guam" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the long Buddhist period of Maldivian history, Muslim traders introduced Islam. Maldivians converted to Islam by the mid-12th century. The islands have had a long history of Sufic orders, as can be seen in the history of the country such as the building of tombs. They were used until as recently as the 1980s for seeking the help of buried saints. They can be seen next to some old mosques and are considered a part of Maldives's cultural heritage.", "title": "Maldives" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly from Africa to the Americas, and then their sale there. The slave trade used mainly the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, and existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of those who were enslaved and transported in the transatlantic slave trade were Africans from central and western Africa, who had been sold by other West Africans to Western European slave traders (with a small number being captured directly by the slave traders in coastal raids), who brought them to the Americas. The South Atlantic and Caribbean economies especially were dependent on the supply of secure labour for the production of commodity crops, making goods and clothing to sell in Europe. This was crucial to those western European countries which, in the late 17th and 18th centuries, were vying with each other to create overseas empires.", "title": "Atlantic slave trade" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire. In 1808, Sierra Leone was designated an official British colony for freed slaves. The Slavery Abolition Act passed in 1833 abolished slavery in the British Empire on 1 August 1834 (with the exception of St. Helena, Ceylon and the territories administered by the East India Company, though these exclusions were later repealed). Under the Act, slaves were granted full emancipation after a period of 4 to 6 years of \"apprenticeship\".", "title": "British Empire" } ]

[ { "answer": "Arabs", "id": 9605, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Who traded slaves into the Middle East?", "raw_question": "Who traded slaves into the Middle East?", "statement": "The Arabs traded slaves into the Middle East." }, { "answer": "Syria", "id": 161545, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What country is known for its Arabs and Muslims?", "raw_question": "What country is known for its #1 and Muslims?", "statement": "This sub-question is not relevant to the original sub-question, and the answer provided does not match the context of the original question." }, { "answer": "634–635", "id": 10530, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "In what period did Islamic armies conquer Syria ?", "raw_question": "In what period did Islamic armies conquer #2 ?", "statement": "Islamic armies conquered Syria in the period of 634-635." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Democratic Partnership was founded for the Northern Ireland Forum election of 1996 by the Peace People group, independent peace activists and a number of people from the labour movement, including former Northern Ireland Labour Party Member of Parliament David Bleakley.", "title": "Democratic Partnership" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Partit per la Independència (PI; ) was a short lived political party in Catalonia of the 1990s that campaigned for independence for Catalonia from Spain. It was created by Àngel Colom and Pilar Rahola in 1996 as a schism from Republican Left of Catalonia, another independentist party. After the meager electoral results in municipal elections in 1999, particularly in Barcelona city where Rahola was candidate, Partit per la Independència was dissolved. Afterwards, Colom and most of the party direction integrated into Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya. Joan Laporta, later president of Futbol Club Barcelona, was member of PI.", "title": "Partit per la Independència" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Fico's Second Cabinet is the former government of Slovakia, headed by prime minister Robert Fico. Appointed on 4 April 2012, it consists of 14 members, 11 from the Direction - Social Democracy party () and three independents. It replaced Iveta Radicova's cabinet after gaining an absolute majority in the Slovak parliament following the 2012 Slovak parliamentary election.", "title": "Fico's Second Cabinet" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Manly Miner (born June 26, 1937) is a farmer and former political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented The Battlefords from 1980 to 1982 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a New Democratic Party (NDP) member.", "title": "David Manly Miner" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked. Relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual non-intervention in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for national sovereignty, and political independence. However, almost all governments of those member states were indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "David Lara Compeán (born 11 September 1965) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2006 to 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing San Luis Potosí.", "title": "David Lara Compeán" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF-backed structural reform program. The key challenges for the country in the period ahead are to achieve fiscal discipline, rebuild public administration, improve the economic climate for private investment, and promote economic diversification. After the country became independent from Portugal in 1974 due to the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution, the rapid exodus of the Portuguese civilian, military, and political authorities resulted in considerable damage to the country's economic infrastructure, social order, and standard of living.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700 about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now \"A\" mountain. Hugo O'Conor, the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (near the present downtown Pima County Courthouse). During the Spanish period of the presidio, attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by Apaches. Eventually the town came to be called \"Tucson\" and became a part of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The two countries eventually signed an agreement making the islands an Anglo-French condominium that divided the New Hebrides into two separate communities: one Anglophone and one Francophone. This divide continues even after independence, with schools teaching in either one language or the other, and with different political parties. The condominium lasted from 1906 until 1980, when the New Hebrides gained their independence as the Republic of Vanuatu.", "title": "New Hebrides" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Luisa María de Guadalupe Calderón Hinojosa (born October 23, 1956 in Mexico City) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party who served in the Senate of Mexico from 2000 until September 2006. She is currently senator-elect as a PAN proportional representative. Her term in the senate began in late 2012 and will continue through 2018. \"Cocoa\" (her nickname) is known as a champion for women and minority rights throughout Mexico.", "title": "Luisa María Calderón" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlos Martínez Gorriarán is a Spanish scholar, born in San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain. After being a member of marxist and basque nationalist movements, he became one of the founding members and spokespersons of ¡Basta Ya! association and head of the Plataforma Pro from which the Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) party emerged in September 2007. In ¡Basta Ya! he was opposed to ETA, and also to the \"obligatory nationalism\" that he considered to be occurring in the Basque Country. He is a member of the Directing and Political counsels of the party.", "title": "Carlos Martínez Gorriarán" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Friedrich Ebert Foundation (\"German: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; Abbreviation: FES\") is a German political foundation associated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), yet independent of it. Established in 1925 as the political legacy of Friedrich Ebert, Germany's first democratically elected President, it is the largest and oldest of the German party-associated foundations. It is headquartered in Bonn and Berlin, and has offices and projects in over 100 countries. It is Germany's oldest organisation to promote democracy, political education, and promote students of outstanding intellectual abilities and personality.", "title": "Friedrich Ebert Foundation" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Regionalist League of Catalonia (, ; 1901–1936) was a right wing political party of Catalonia, Spain. It had a Catalanist, conservative, and monarchic ideology. Notable members of the party were Enric Prat de la Riba, Francesc Cambó, Agustí Riera i Pau, Joan Ventosa and Ramon d'Abadal i Calderó.", "title": "Regionalist League of Catalonia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gonzalo Núñez (\"fl.\" 10591106) was an early member of the House of Lara, whom modern historians and genealogists agree is the first clearly identifiable member of this lineage. The House of Lara was one of the most important ones in the kingdoms of Castile and León and several of its members played a prominent role in the history of medieval Spain. Possibly related to the Salvadórez, the sons of Salvador González and, by marriage, to the Alfonsos from Tierra de Campos and Liébana, as well as the Álvarez from Castile, Gonzalo was most probably a descendant of the Counts of Castile.", "title": "Gonzalo Núñez de Lara" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ontario general election of 2018 was held on June 7, 2018, to elect the 124 members of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario. The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, won a majority government with 76 of the 124 seats in the legislature. The Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Andrea Horwath, formed the Official Opposition. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by incumbent Premier Kathleen Wynne, lost official party status in recording both the worst result in the party's 161 - year history and the worst result for any incumbent governing party in Ontario. The Green Party of Ontario won a seat for the first time in their history, while the Trillium Party of Ontario lost its single seat gained by a floor - crossing during the 41st Parliament. Twenty - four other parties and numerous independent candidates also received votes.", "title": "2018 Ontario general election" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Koirala entered politics in 1954 inspired by the social-democratic ideals of the Nepali Congress. In 1958 he keenly participated in Bhadra Abagya Aandalon, (Civil Disobedience Movement) launched by the Nepali Congress. In 1959, he actively involved himself in the party's objective of carrying out the democratic elections. The election saw Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala become the first elected prime minister of the country. However, King Mahendra planned and executed a coup in December 1960 and expelled Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala. This resulted in the exile of several members of the Nepali Congress to India, which included Sushil Koirala. He remained in political exile in India for 16 years following the royal takeover of 1960. Koirala also spent three years in Indian prisons for his involvement in a plane hijacking in 1973. While in exile, Koirala was the editor of Tarun, the official party publication. He has been a member of the Central Working Committee of the party since 1979 and was appointed General Secretary of the party in 1996 and Vice President in 1998.", "title": "Sushil Koirala" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paúles de Lara is a village in the municipality of Jurisdicción de Lara, located southeast of the province of Burgos, belonging to the autonomous community of Castilla y León (Spain). It is situated 40 km from the capital, Burgos.", "title": "Paúles de Lara" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a developing constitutional monarchy, Jordan has survived the trials and tribulations of Middle Eastern politics. The Jordanian public has experienced limited democracy since gaining independence in 1946 however the population has not suffered as others have under dictatorships imposed by some Arab regimes. The 1952 Constitution provided for citizens of Jordan to form and join political parties. Such rights were suspended in 1967 when a state of emergency was declared and martial law and suspension of Parliament, continuing until it was repealed in 1989.", "title": "Parliament of Jordan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Liberal Party (, \"Liberalna partiya\", LP) was a political party in Bulgaria and the main force in domestic politics between independence in 1878 and the mid-1880s when it dissolved into several different factions.", "title": "Liberal Party (Bulgaria)" } ]

[ { "answer": "National Action Party", "id": 408554, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "David Lara Compeán >> member of political party", "raw_question": "David Lara Compeán >> member of political party", "statement": "This sub-question is not providing enough information to answer the main question. The sub-question only mentions the political party, but not the country." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "id": 266275, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "National Action Party >> country", "raw_question": "#1 >> country", "statement": "The National Action Party is a political party in Mexico, which gained independence from Spain in 1821." }, { "answer": "1821", "id": 33913, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "What year did Mexico gain independence from Spain?", "raw_question": "What year did #2 gain independence from Spain?", "statement": "Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991).", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dehradun (/ ˌdɛərəˈduːn /) or Dehra Dun is the interim capital city of Uttarakhand, a state in the northern part of India. Located in the Garhwal region, it lies 236 kilometres (147 mi) north of India's capital New Delhi and 168 kilometres (104 mi) from Chandigarh. It is one of the ``Counter Magnets ''of the National Capital Region (NCR) being developed as an alternative centre of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the Delhi metropolitan area and to establish a smart city at Dehradun. During the days of British Raj, the official name of the town was Dehra.", "title": "Dehradun" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The LAV-600 was developed as a private venture by Cadillac Gage targeting the export market. The first prototype of the LAV-600 was built in 1985 and development was announced on the same year. Previously known as LAV-300 A1, it was named LAV-600 in 1986. The vehicle is now manufactured by Textron Marine & Land Systems.", "title": "LAV-600" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 31 states, the federal government, and the military. Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty, one of 58 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giuseppe Motta Medal is presented annually since 2004 by the Geneva Institute for Democracy and Development to the people from any country or region of the world for exceptional achievement in the promotion of peace and democracy, human rights and sustainable development. The prize commemorates Giuseppe Motta (1871–1940), a Swiss politician, five-time President of the Swiss Confederation, President of the League of Nations Assembly and member of the Swiss Federal Council.", "title": "Giuseppe Motta Medal" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 31 states and the federal government. Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty, one of 57 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A new federal city was then constructed on the north bank of the Potomac, to the east of Georgetown. On September 9, 1791, the three commissioners overseeing the capital's construction named the city in honor of President Washington. The federal district was named Columbia, which was a poetic name for the United States commonly in use at that time. Congress held its first session in Washington on November 17, 1800.", "title": "Washington, D.C." }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Immanuel Wallerstein has developed the best - known version of world - systems analysis, beginning in the 1970s. Wallerstein traces the rise of the capitalist world - economy from the ``long ''16th century (c. 1450 -- 1640). The rise of capitalism, in his view, was an accidental outcome of the protracted crisis of feudalism (c. 1290 -- 1450). Europe (the West) used its advantages and gained control over most of the world economy and presided over the development and spread of industrialization and capitalist economy, indirectly resulting in unequal development.", "title": "World-systems theory" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 31 states, the federal government, and the military. Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty, one of 54 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chad has several regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second - largest in Africa. The capital N'Djamena is the largest city.", "title": "Chad" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's first commercial broadcast automation audio compression system was developed by Oscar Bonello, an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed IBM PC computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom. Twenty years later, almost all the radio stations in the world were using similar technology manufactured by a number of companies.", "title": "Data compression" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Horn of Africa Countries and territories Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Somalia Major regional organizations Arab League, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Community of Sahel - Saharan States, Intergovernmental Authority on Development Population 122,618,170 (2016 est.) Area 1,882,757 km Languages Afar Arabic Amharic French Oromo Somali Tigrinya Religion Islam, Christianity, traditional faiths Time zones UTC + 03: 00 Currency Djiboutian franc Eritrean nakfa Ethiopian birr Somali shilling Capitals Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) Asmara (Eritrea) Djibouti (Djibouti) Mogadishu (Somalia) Total GDP (PPP) $247.751 billion (2016) Total GDP (nominal) $102,057 billion (2016)", "title": "Horn of Africa" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital. However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange for the abdication of Puyi, the Last Emperor. Yuan demanded the capital be Beijing (closer to his power base).", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Xeer legal system is assumed to have developed exclusively in the Horn of Africa since approximately the 7th century. There is no evidence that it developed elsewhere or was greatly influenced by any foreign legal system. The fact that Somali legal terminology is practically devoid of loan words from foreign languages suggests that Xeer is truly indigenous.", "title": "Somalis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1952, Thomas Watson, Sr., stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm; his son, Thomas Watson, Jr., was named president. In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York, laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not merely to play checkers but \"learn\" from its own experience. In 1957, the FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) scientific programming language was developed. In 1961, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., was elected chairman of the board and Albert L. Williams became company president. The same year IBM developed the SABRE (Semi-Automatic Business-Related Environment) reservation system for American Airlines and introduced the highly successful Selectric typewriter.", "title": "IBM" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brighton International University - School of Medicine is an institution with final authorization delivered by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Senegal. BIU is the first University and the first School of Medicine to operate south of the capital of the country, Dakar, in the region of Casamance. There is at least an administrative office in Boca Raton, Florida (United States of America).", "title": "Brighton International University" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2008[update], geothermal power development was under way in more than 40 countries, partially attributable to the development of new technologies, such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems. The development of binary cycle power plants and improvements in drilling and extraction technology may enable enhanced geothermal systems over a much greater geographical range than \"traditional\" Geothermal systems. Demonstration EGS projects are operational in the USA, Australia, Germany, France, and The United Kingdom.", "title": "Renewable energy commercialization" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexandria Regional Center for Women's Health and Development (formerly called The Suzanne Mubarak Regional Centre for Women's Health and Development) is a non-profit training and research center in Alexandria, Egypt. It is concerned with women's health and women's development in Egypt and its neighboring countries. The Centre was named after Suzanne Mubarak, wife of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak, who was interested in improving the physical and social well-being of women in Egypt.", "title": "Alexandria Regional Center for Women's Health and Development" } ]

[ { "answer": "the Horn of Africa", "id": 10472, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "In what region did the Xeer system develop?", "raw_question": "In what region did the Xeer system develop?", "statement": "The Xeer system developed in the Horn of Africa." }, { "answer": "Djibouti", "id": 62571, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "country in the Horn of Africa with capital same name", "raw_question": "country in #1 with capital same name", "statement": "Djibouti is the country in the Horn of Africa with a capital city also named Djibouti." }, { "answer": "Hassan Gouled Aptidon", "id": 10369, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Who was the first president of Djibouti ?", "raw_question": "Who was the first president of #2 ?", "statement": "Hassan Gouled Aptidon was the first president of Djibouti." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Włodawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of Włodawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Włodawa" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Scott Township is a township in the north central area of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 4,905.", "title": "Scott Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs.", "title": "Oak Lawn, Illinois" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colorado Territory was officially organized by Act of Congress on February 28, 1861, out of lands previously part of the Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories. Technically the territory was open to slavery under the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, but the question was rendered moot by the impending American Civil War and the majority pro-Union sentiment in the territory. The name \"Colorado\" was chosen for the territory. It had been previously suggested in 1850 by Senator Henry S. Foote as a name for a state to have been created out of present-day California south of 35° 45'. To the dismay of Denverites, the town of Colorado City was designated the first territorial capital, quickly succeeded by Golden. Denver eventually became the temporary territorial capital, but was not designated the permanent capital until 1881, five years after Colorado became a state.", "title": "Colorado Territory" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The county lies in southern Hungary, on the border with Croatia. The River Drava forms part of its southern border, and the River Danube its eastern border. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, and Bács-Kiskun. The capital of Baranya county is Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baranya (, , / \"Baranja\", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County (former)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mingaladon Township ( ) is located in the northernmost part of Yangon, Myanmar. The township comprises 31 wards, and shares borders with Hmawbi Township in the north, North Okkalapa Township in the east, Insein Township and Shwepyitha Township in the west, and Mayangon Township in the south. Mingaladon is still relatively undeveloped and lacks basic municipal services.", "title": "Mingaladon Township" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beckwith is a township in eastern Ontario, Canada. It is located in Lanark County on the Mississippi River. It is located within Canada's National Capital Region.", "title": "Beckwith, Ontario" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "title": "Krasnovishersky District" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Negaunee Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,707 at the 2000 census. The City of Negaunee is located at the southwest corner of the township, but is administratively autonomous.", "title": "Negaunee Township, Michigan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Kingston Powerhouse" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Stroudsburg High School is a public high school located in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, in Monroe County, Pennsylvania. In 2013, the school's enrollment was reported as 1,341 pupils in 10th through 12th grades, with 36.36% of pupils eligible for a free or reduced-price lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 11.8% of pupils received special education services, and 1.6% of pupils were identified as being gifted. The school employed 99 teachers. Per the PA Department of Education 6 of the teachers were rated \"Non‐Highly Qualified\" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. Stroudsburg High School is the only high school in the Stroudsburg Area School District. The school is not a federally designated Title I school.", "title": "Stroudsburg High School" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.", "title": "Kingdom of Gera" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "E is an unincorporated township located in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. It is part of the Central Aroostook Unorganized Territory and borders the towns of Blaine to the east and Westfield to the north. As of the 1990 census, when it was still organized as a plantation, E Plantation had 64 residents. However, in 1990 its residents decided to disorganize the community and give up control to the state in an effort to reduce taxes. K–12 education for the community is provided by Maine School Administrative District 42, which also serves neighboring Blaine and Mars Hill. However, because E Plantation withdrew from the school district following its disorganization, its students are tuitioned.", "title": "E Township, Maine" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.", "title": "Tatra County" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chartiers Valley High School is a public school that was established in 1959 and is physically located in Collier Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA. The school's post-office address is Bridgeville, PA however. The school district serves Collier Township, Bridgeville Borough, Scott Township and Heidelberg Borough.", "title": "Chartiers Valley High School" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rosedale is a neighborhood in Camden, New Jersey. It is located on the border with Pennsauken Township and has a population of 1,807.", "title": "Rosedale, Camden" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pennsylvania Northeast Regional Rail Authority is a bi-county creation of both Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania and Monroe County, Pennsylvania to oversee the use of common rail freight lines in Northeastern Pennsylvania.", "title": "Pennsylvania Northeast Regional Rail Authority" } ]

[ { "answer": "Lackawanna County", "id": 525500, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Scott Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Scott Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Scott Township is located in Lackawanna County." }, { "answer": "Monroe County", "id": 295863, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Lackawanna County >> shares border with", "raw_question": "#1 >> shares border with", "statement": "Lackawanna County shares border with Monroe County." }, { "answer": "Stroudsburg", "id": 534758, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Monroe County >> capital", "raw_question": "#2 >> capital", "statement": "The capital of Monroe County is Stroudsburg." } ]

[ "Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The film was produced by Joe Connelly for NBC Productions and distributed by Universal Pictures. Filmed on location in the Los Angeles area and at the Universal Studios during March and April 1969, \"Change of Habit\" was released in the United States on November 10, 1969. It spent four weeks on the \"Variety\" Box Office Survey, peaking at #17.", "title": "Change of Habit" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millbank is an area of central London in the City of Westminster. Millbank is located by the River Thames, east of Pimlico and south of Westminster. Millbank is known as the location of major government offices, Burberry headquarters, the Millbank Tower and prominent art institutions such as Tate Britain and the Chelsea College of Art and Design.", "title": "Millbank" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison from 1100 (Ranulf Flambard) until 1952 (Kray twins), although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under kings Richard I, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.", "title": "Tower of London" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Montevideo is the heartland of retailing in Uruguay. The city has become the principal centre of business and real estate, including many expensive buildings and modern towers for residences and offices, surrounded by extensive green spaces. In 1985, the first shopping centre in Rio de la Plata, Montevideo Shopping was built. In 1994, with building of three more shopping complexes such as the Shopping Tres Cruces, Portones Shopping, and Punta Carretas Shopping, the business map of the city changed dramatically. The creation of shopping complexes brought a major change in the habits of the people of Montevideo. Global firms such as McDonald's and Burger King etc. are firmly established in Montevideo.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London built between 1886 and 1894. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become an iconic symbol of London, resulting in it sometimes being confused with London Bridge, situated some 0.5 mi (0.80 km) upstream. Tower Bridge is one of five London bridges now owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust overseen by the City of London Corporation. It is the only one of the Trust's bridges not to connect the City of London directly to the Southwark bank, as its northern landfall is in Tower Hamlets.", "title": "Tower Bridge" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bluevale and Whitevale Towers was the name for a development of twin tower block flats situated in the Camlachie district within the East End of Glasgow, Scotland. Officially known as 109 Bluevale Street and 51 Whitevale Street (often nicknamed the Gallowgate Twins or the Camlachie Twin Towers), the two towers were the tallest buildings in Scotland although with only 29 occupiable floors (the 30th floor was a mechanical floor for building services and a drying area), they were not the buildings with the highest occupied floor level in the city (or Scotland); that distinction belonged to the contemporary Red Road estate on the north side of the city. They were briefly Scotland's second tallest freestanding structure following the demolition of Inverkip Power Station on the Firth of Clyde in 2013.", "title": "Bluevale and Whitevale Towers" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WRVV (97.3 FM, \"The River 97.3\") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to serve Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and broadcasts a classic rock format. The station's studios and offices are located at 600 Corporate Circle in Harrisburg. Its antenna is on the WHP-TV broadcast tower located on Blue Mountain in Susquehanna Township, Dauphin County at (). WRVV's slogan is \"Real. Rock. Variety.\"", "title": "WRVV" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Government Center Tower is a building located in the city of San Salvador, El Salvador. It houses the offices of the Ministry of the Interior.", "title": "Government Center Tower (San Salvador)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Marriott World Trade Center was a 22 - story steel - framed hotel building with 825 rooms. It opened in July 1981 as the Vista International Hotel and was located at 3 World Trade Center in Manhattan, New York City, with the World Trade Center complex having its own zip code of 10048. The hotel no longer operates and was destroyed beyond repair as a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, after the collapse of the Twin Towers. The hotel will not be replaced as part of the new World Trade Center complex, but will rather share its name with the new office tower.", "title": "Marriott World Trade Center" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hanoi has experienced a rapid construction boom recently. Skyscrapers, popping up in new urban areas, have dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a modern skyline outside the old city. In 2015, Hanoi is ranked # 39 by Emporis in the list of world cities with most skyscrapers over 100 m; its two tallest buildings are Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower (336 m, second tallest in Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh City's Landmark 81 and third tallest in south-east Asia after Malaysia's Petronas Twin Towers) and Hanoi Lotte Center (272 m, also, third tallest in Vietnam).", "title": "Hanoi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox, One Raffles Quay (ORQ) consists of the 50-storey North Tower and the 29-storey South Tower, totalling about 1.3 million square feet of office space. The building was purpose-built for banking and financial corporations in August 2006.", "title": "One Raffles Quay" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leland Tower was built initially as a hotel. The Leland Hotel project was conceived in 1926 and was one of the most ambitious projects in the city's history. The project was announced by an organization known as the Aurora Building Corporation through Herbert P. Heiss of the First Illinois Company. Mr. Heiss had located and purchased the site for the proposed hotel. The building contract was awarded to the H.G. Chtistman Company, general contractors of South Bend, Indiana and Detroit, Michigan. Anker Sveere Graven and Arthur Guy Mayger were chosen to design the hotel.", "title": "Leland Tower" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1201 Walnut Building is a Skyscraper located in Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, USA, built by HNTB Architects in 1991. Found at the intersection of 12th and Walnut streets, it is the eighth tallest habitable structure in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, and the twelfth-tallest habitable structure in Missouri, at 427 feet. The exterior is made of mostly dark-colored glass, and granite panels, and is very close the new Sprint Center and Power & Light District, part of the redevelopment of downtown Kansas City. The glass look helps to further the glass-theme that the Sprint Center, H&R Block Building, and the \"Kansas City Star\" printing press have. In late 2010, building tenant Stinson Leonard Street, LLP acquired the rights to place a large sign and corporate logo atop the southern face of the building.", "title": "1201 Walnut" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison from 1100 (Ranulf Flambard) until 1952 (Kray twins), although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard I, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.", "title": "Tower of London" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Universal Studios Inc. (also known as Universal Pictures) is an American film studio, owned by Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal, and is one of Hollywood's \"Big Six\" film studios. Its production studios are at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California. Distribution and other corporate offices are in New York City. Universal Studios is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Universal was founded in 1912 by the German Carl Laemmle (pronounced \"LEM-lee\"), Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour.", "title": "Universal Pictures" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The original World Trade Center was a large complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. It featured the landmark twin towers, which opened on April 4, 1973, and were destroyed in 2001 during the September 11 attacks. At the time of their completion, the ``Twin Towers ''-- the original 1 World Trade Center, at 1,368 feet (417 m); and 2 World Trade Center, at 1,362 feet (415.1 m) -- were the tallest buildings in the world. Other buildings in the complex included the Marriott World Trade Center (3 WTC), 4 WTC, 5 WTC, 6 WTC, and 7 WTC. All were built between 1975 and 1985, with a cost of $400 million ($2,300,000,000 in 2014 dollars). The complex was located in New York City's Financial District and contained 13,400,000 square feet (1,240,000 m) of office space.", "title": "World Trade Center (1973–2001)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison from 1100 (Ranulf Flambard) until 1952 (Kray twins), although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard the Lionheart, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.", "title": "Tower of London" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, colloquially known as the Met Life Tower, is a landmark skyscraper, built in 1909 and located on Madison Avenue near the intersection with East 23rd Street, across from Madison Square Park in Manhattan, New York City. Designed by the architectural firm of Napoleon LeBrun & Sons and Purdy and Henderson, Engineers, built by the Hedden Construction Company, the tower is modeled after the Campanile in Venice, Italy. The hotel located in the clock tower portion of the building has the address 5 Madison Avenue, while the office building covering the rest of the block, occupied primarily by Credit Suisse, is referred to as 1 Madison Avenue.", "title": "Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 548 ft (167 m), including the statue of city founder William Penn atop its tower, City Hall was the tallest habitable building in the world from 1894 to 1908. It remained the tallest in Pennsylvania until it was surpassed in 1932 by the Gulf Tower in Pittsburgh. It was the tallest in Philadelphia until 1986 when the construction of One Liberty Place surpassed it, ending the informal gentlemen's agreement that had limited the height of buildings in the city to no higher than the Penn statue.", "title": "Philadelphia City Hall" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Torres de Santa Cruz is a residential complex composed of the twin towers located in the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). They were designed by Canarian architect Julian Valladares, and were built in the period 2004–2006.", "title": "Torres de Santa Cruz" } ]

[ { "answer": "Universal Studios", "id": 120687, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Who distributed Change of Habit?", "raw_question": "Who distributed Change of Habit?", "statement": "This sub-question is not relevant to the original question about the Twin Towers." }, { "answer": "New York City", "id": 7019, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "In what city are Universal Studios corporate offices located?", "raw_question": "In what city are #1 corporate offices located?", "statement": "Universal Studios, the distributor of Change of Habit, has corporate offices in New York City." }, { "answer": "1973", "id": 89058, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "when was the twin towers built in New York City", "raw_question": "when was the twin towers built in #2", "statement": "The Twin Towers were built in New York City in 1973." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moody Brook is a small watercourse that flows into Stanley Harbour on East Falkland, Falkland Islands. It is near Stanley, just to the north west, and was formerly the location of the town barracks, which were attacked in Operation Azul, the 1982 Argentine Invasion of the Falkland Islands.", "title": "Moody Brook" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mehi River, a watercourse that is part of the Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Orana district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Mehi River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wallingat River, a watercourse of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Wallingat River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jesus at the Center: Live is a contemporary worship live album recorded and performed by Israel & New Breed. The album is released by Integrity Media and Columbia Records. The album was recorded live at Lakewood Church in early February 2012.", "title": "Jesus at the Center: Live" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fellatio (also known as fellation, and in slang as blowjob, BJ, giving head, or sucking off) is an oral sex act involving the use of the mouth or throat, usually performed by a person on the penis of another person. If performed on oneself, the act is called autofellatio. Oral stimulation of the scrotum may also be termed \"fellatio\", or colloquially as \"teabagging.\"", "title": "Fellatio" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents. Although the exact pre-contact population of the Americas is unknown, scholars estimate that Native American populations diminished by between 80 and 90% within the first centuries of contact with Europeans. The leading cause was disease. The continent was ravaged by epidemics of diseases such as smallpox, measles, and cholera, which were brought from Europe by the early explorers and spread quickly into new areas even before later explorers and colonists reached them. Native Americans suffered high mortality rates due to their lack of prior exposure to these diseases. The loss of lives was exacerbated by conflict between colonists and indigenous people. Colonists also frequently perpetrated massacres on the indigenous groups and enslaved them. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census (1894), the North American Indian Wars of the 19th century cost the lives of about 19,000 whites and 30,000 Native Americans.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bison antiquus, the ancient or antique bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America until around 10,000 years ago (ya). It was one of the most common large herbivores on the North American continent during the late Pleistocene, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.", "title": "Bison antiquus" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mummel River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Mummel River" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria River, a watercourse of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Maria River (Australia)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Zealand is not part of the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The term Oceania is often used to denote the region encompassing the Australian continent and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven - continent model.", "title": "Australia (continent)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barcoongere River, a watercourse of the Wooli Wooli River catchment, is located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Barcoongere River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amanda Coogan (born 1971) is an Irish performance artist, living and working in Dublin. She studied under the performance artist Marina Abramović at the HBK Hochschule fur Bildende Kunste, Braunschweig, Germany. In her performance art, she produces video and photographs from live performances. Her work often begins with her own body and often challenges the expectations born of context.", "title": "Amanda Coogan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boyd then travelled and painted a good deal on the continent of Europe, and returned to Australia about the end of 1893, where he lived mostly in Sandringham and other suburbs of Melbourne for the rest of his life. He occasionally sent good work to the exhibitions of the Victorian Artists' Society, but never mixed much in the artistic life of his time.", "title": "Arthur Merric Boyd" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first edition of Miss Viet Nam Continents pageant was held August 13, 2011 in Long Beach, California. The pageant is a combine entertainment and pageant show. Each year there are a number of line up performances for the night.", "title": "Miss Viet Nam Continents" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.", "title": "Tikhaya Sosna River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. The Huns were victorious.", "title": "Battle of the Tanais River" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I See a Star\" (original Dutch title: \"Ik zie een ster\") was the Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974, performed in English (the first time the Dutch entry was not entirely in Dutch) by Mouth & MacNeal.", "title": "I See a Star" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Live in Europe is the sixth album by trumpeter Dave Douglas, his first live album, and the third to feature his Tiny Bell Trio. It was released on the Arabesque label in 1997 and features performances by Douglas, Brad Schoeppach and Jim Black.", "title": "Live in Europe (Dave Douglas album)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tubular Bells II, The Performance Live at Edinburgh Castle is a live concert video by Mike Oldfield released in 1992.", "title": "Tubular Bells II Live" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeffrey David Bradetich (born 1957) is an American professor and performer of double bass. He currently teaches at the University of North Texas College of Music. Bradetich made his New York City debut at the Carnegie Recital Hall (now called Weill Recital Hall) on January 22, 1982. Since then, Bradetich has performed over 400 concerts throughout the world, including the continents of South America, Europe, and Asia.", "title": "Jeff Bradetich" } ]

[ { "answer": "Don", "id": 312602, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Tikhaya Sosna >> mouth of the watercourse", "raw_question": "Tikhaya Sosna >> mouth of the watercourse", "statement": "The Don is the watercourse whose mouth is Tikhaya Sosna." }, { "answer": "Europe", "id": 629330, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Don >> continent", "raw_question": "#1 >> continent", "statement": "Don performed the album Live in Europe." }, { "answer": "Dave Douglas", "id": 172215, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Live in Europe >> performer", "raw_question": "Live in #2 >> performer", "statement": "Dave Douglas performed the album Live in Europe." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vincent Ogé (; c.1755 – 6 February 1791) was a wealthy free man of mixed-race descent who instigated a revolt against white colonial authority in French Saint-Domingue that lasted from October to December 1790 in the area outside Cap-Français, the colony's main city. The Ogé revolt of 1790 foretold the massive slave uprising of August 1791 that began the Haitian Revolution.", "title": "Vincent Ogé" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel (1 September 1727 – 13 April 1794) was a French Catholic cleric and politician of the Revolution. He was executed during the Reign of Terror.", "title": "Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The St Kilda Football Club, nicknamed The Saints, is an Australian rules football club, based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The club plays in the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest league in the country.", "title": "History of the St Kilda Football Club" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean-Baptiste Belley (c. July 1746 – August 1805) was a native of Senegal and former slave from Saint-Domingue in the French West Indies who during the period of the French Revolution became a member of the National Convention and the Council of Five Hundred of France. He was also known as Mars.", "title": "Jean-Baptiste Belley" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sophie de Condorcet (1764 in Meulan – 8 September 1822 in Paris), best known as Madame de Condorcet, was a prominent salon hostess from 1789 to the Reign of Terror, and again from 1799 until her death in 1822. She was the wife, then widow, of the mathematician and philosopher Nicolas de Condorcet, who died during the Reign of Terror. Despite his death, and the exile of her brother Marshal Emmanuel, Marquis de Grouchy between 1815 and 1821, she maintained her own identity and was well-connected and influential before, during, and after the French Revolution.", "title": "Sophie de Condorcet" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the French Revolution, Red became a symbol of liberty and personal freedom used by the Jacobins and other more radical parties. Many of them wore a red Phrygian cap, or liberty cap, modeled after the caps worn by freed slaves in Ancient Rome. During the height of the Reign of Terror, Women wearing red caps gathered around the guillotine to celebrate each execution. They were called the \"Furies of the guillotine\". The guillotines used during the Reign of Terror in 1792 and 1793 were painted red, or made of red wood. During the Reign of Terror a statue of a woman titled liberty, painted red, was placed in the square in front of the guillotine. After the end of the Reign of Terror, France went back to the blue, white and red tricolor, whose red was taken from the traditional color of Saint Denis, the Christian martyr and patron saint of Paris.", "title": "Red" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 6 April the Committee of Public Safety was created, which gradually became the de facto war - time government.", "title": "Reign of Terror" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Haitian Revolution (French: Révolution haïtienne (ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ ajisjɛ̃n)) was a successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection by self - liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint - Domingue, now the sovereign nation of Haiti. It began on 22 August 1791 at 22: 00, and ended in 1804 with the former colony's independence. It involved blacks, mulattoes, French, Spanish, and British participants -- with the ex-slave Toussaint L'Ouverture emerging as Haiti's most charismatic hero. It was the only slave uprising that led to the founding of a state which was both free from slavery, and ruled by non-whites and former captives. It is now widely seen as a defining moment in the history of racism in the Atlantic World.", "title": "Haitian Revolution" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Port-de-Paix, Saint-Domingue on the island of Hispaniola, on the plantation of Laveaux/Lapointe. His name was a transformation of the name \"cappouet\", owner of the plantation.", "title": "François Capois" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeanne-Marie Marsan, born Chapiseau (1746 – 25 February 1807), was a French dramatic actress and an opera singer, active in France and Germany in Europe, in the French West Indies and Louisiana. She was the leading actress and opera singer in Saint-Domingue (pre-revolutionary Haiti), and later in the first theatre in New Orleans in Louisiana.", "title": "Jeanne-Marie Marsan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hébertists (), or Exaggerators () were a radical revolutionary political group associated with the populist journalist Jacques Hébert, a member of the Cordeliers club. They came to power during the Reign of Terror and played a significant role in the French Revolution.", "title": "Hébertists" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The island was named La Española and claimed by Spain, which ruled until the early 17th century. Competing claims and settlements by the French led to the western portion of the island being ceded to France, which named it Saint-Domingue. Sugarcane plantations, worked by slaves brought from Africa, were established by colonists.", "title": "Haiti" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicolas-Joseph Thiéry de Menonville (Saint-Mihiel, France, 18 June 1739 – Port-au-Prince, Saint-Domingue, 1780), \"avocat\" at the \"Parlement of Paris\", was a French botanist who volunteered to be sent to Mexico in 1776 to steal the cochineal insect valued for its scarlet dye. In his clandestine bioprospecting piracy, he worked without official papers and would have been ruthlessly treated had he been caught. He succeeded in naturalizing the insect and the prickly pear (\"Opuntia\") \"nopal\" cactus on which it depended in the French colony of Saint-Domingue.", "title": "Nicolas-Joseph Thiéry de Menonville" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Saint-Domingue, Thomas-Alexandre was the son of the Marquis Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, a white French nobleman and Marie-Cessette Dumas, an enslaved woman of African descent. He was born into slavery because of his mother's status but was also born into nobility because of his father's. His father took the boy with him to France in 1776 and had him educated. Slavery had been illegal in metropolitan France since 1315 and thus any slave would be freed \"de facto\" by being in the country. His father helped Thomas-Alexandre enter the French military.", "title": "Thomas-Alexandre Dumas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samuel de Missy (Samuel, Pierre, Joseph, David, de Missy or Demissy, 30 October 1755 – 20 October 1820) was a French trader and businessman, from the city of La Rochelle, where he was born. He enriched himself by selling clothes to slaving expeditions setting off for islands such as Saint-Domingue, where La Rochelle \"armateurs\" owned plantations.", "title": "Samuel de Missy" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "André Antoine Bernard (21 June 1751 – 19 October 1818) called Bernard de Saintes, was a French lawyer and revolutionary, one of the Jacobins responsible for the Reign of Terror in the French Revolution.", "title": "André Antoine Bernard" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pamenos Ballantyne (born 9 December 1973 in Sandy Bay) is a long-distance runner from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. He represented his country in the marathon at two consecutive Summer Olympics starting in 1996.", "title": "Pamenos Ballantyne" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CHSJ-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 94.1 FM in Saint John, New Brunswick. The station plays a country music format under the \"Country 94\" branding. CHSJ-FM is owned by Acadia Broadcasting, which also owns sister station CHWV-FM.", "title": "CHSJ-FM" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Committee of Public Safety (French: Comité de salut public) -- created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793 -- formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror (1793 -- 94), a stage of the French Revolution. The Committee of Public Safety succeeded the previous Committee of General Defence (established in January 1793) and assumed its role of protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion. As a wartime measure, the Committee -- composed at first of nine, and later of twelve, members -- was given broad supervisory powers over military, judicial, and legislative efforts. It was formed as an administrative body to supervise and expedite the work of the executive bodies of the Convention and of the government ministers appointed by the Convention. As the Committee tried to meet the dangers of a coalition of European nations and counter-revolutionary forces within the country, it became more and more powerful.", "title": "Committee of Public Safety" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made virtual prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror. The property of the aristocracy and the church was nationalised, and the city's churches were closed, sold or demolished. A succession of revolutionary factions ruled Paris until 9 November 1799 (coup d'état du 18 brumaire), when Napoléon Bonaparte seized power as First Consul.", "title": "Paris" } ]

[ { "answer": "France", "id": 160535, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Which country owns Saint-Domingue?", "raw_question": "Which country owns Saint-Domingue?", "statement": "France once owned Saint-Domingue." }, { "answer": "the Committee of Public Safety", "id": 84298, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "who ruled France during the reign of terror", "raw_question": "who ruled #1 during the reign of terror", "statement": "The Committee of Public Safety ruled France during the Reign of Terror." }, { "answer": "April 1793", "id": 53741, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "when did the Committee of Public Safety start", "raw_question": "when did #2 start", "statement": "The Committee of Public Safety started in April 1793." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Federal Government of Nigeria Coat of arms of Nigeria Formation 1963; 55 years ago (1963) Founding document Constitution of Nigeria Jurisdiction Nigeria Legislative branch Legislature National Assembly Meeting place National Assembly Complex Executive branch Leader President of Nigeria Headquarters Aso Rock Presidential Villa Main organ Cabinet Judicial branch Court Supreme Court Seat Abuja, FCT", "title": "Federal government of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current Constitution of Missouri, the fourth constitution for the state, was adopted in 1945. It provides for three branches of government: the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. The legislative branch consists of two bodies: the House of Representatives and the Senate. These bodies comprise the Missouri General Assembly.", "title": "Missouri" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harlan Mathews (January 17, 1927 – May 9, 2014) was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1993 to 1994. He had previously served in the executive and legislative branches of state government in Tennessee for more than 40 years beginning in 1950.", "title": "Harlan Mathews" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Possibly in part due to expedited federal habeas corpus procedures embodied in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the pace of executions picked up, reaching a peak of 98 in 1999 and then they declined gradually to 28 in 2015. Since the death penalty was reauthorized in 1976, 1,411 people have been executed, almost exclusively by the states, with most occurring after 1990. Texas has accounted for over one-third of modern executions (although only two death sentences were imposed in Texas during 2015, with the courts preferring to issue sentences of life without parole instead) and over four times as many as Oklahoma, the state with the second-highest number. California has the greatest number of prisoners on death row, has issued the highest number of death sentences but has held relatively few executions.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 26th Amendment (passed and ratified in 1971) set the voting age for federal and state elections at 18 years, but does not prevent states from establishing a lower voting age. Except for the express limitations provided for in Amendments XIV, XV, XIX and XXVI, voter qualifications for House and Senate elections are largely delegated to the States under Article I, Section 2 and Amendment XVII of the United States Constitution, which respectively state that ``The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. ''and`` The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.''", "title": "Voting age" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 26th Amendment (passed and ratified in 1971) prevents states from setting a voting age higher than 18. Except for the express limitations provided for in Amendments XIV, XV, XIX and XXVI, voter qualifications for House and Senate elections are largely delegated to the States under Article I, Section 2 and Amendment XVII of the United States Constitution, which respectively state that ``The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. ''and`` The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.''", "title": "Voting age" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Unfolding is a public art work by artist Bernhard Heiliger located at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The sculpture has an abstract form; it is installed on the patio.", "title": "Unfolding (sculpture)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Texas changed its execution laws in 1923, requiring the executions be carried out on the electric chair and that they take place at the Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville (also known as Huntsville Unit). From 1928 until 1965, this was also home to the state's male death row. The first executions on the electric chair were on February 8, 1924, when Charles Reynolds, Ewell Morris, George Washington, Mack Matthews, and Melvin Johnson had their death sentences carried out. The five executions were the most carried out on a single day in the state. The state would conduct multiple executions on a single day on several other occasions, the last being on August 9, 2000. Since then, the state has not executed more than one person on a single day, though there is no law prohibiting it. A total of 361 people were electrocuted in Texas, with the last being Joseph Johnson on July 30, 1964.", "title": "Capital punishment in Texas" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The government of Florida is established and operated according to the Constitution of Florida and is composed of three branches of government: the executive branch consisting of the Governor of Florida and the other elected and appointed constitutional officers; the legislative branch, the Florida Legislature, consisting of the Senate and House; and the judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of Florida and lower courts. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, and ratification.", "title": "Government of Florida" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vice President of the United States Seal of the Vice President Flag of the Vice President Incumbent Mike Pence since January 20, 2017 Legislative branch of the U.S. government Executive branch of the U.S. government Office of the Vice President Style Mr. Vice President (informal) The Honorable (formal) Mr. President (as President of the Senate) His Excellency (international correspondence) Status Second - highest executive branch officer President of the Senate Member of Cabinet National Security Council United States Senate (Ex officio) Residence Number One Observatory Circle Seat Washington, D.C. Nominator President of the United States, Political parties Appointer Electoral College of the United States Term length 4 years, no term limit Constituting instrument United States Constitution Formation March 4, 1789 (229 years ago) (1789 - 03 - 04) First holder John Adams April 21, 1789 Succession First Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate (in the Senate) Salary US $230,700 annually Website www.whitehouse.gov", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988, the method of execution is lethal injection. The Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana is currently the home of the only death chamber for federal death penalty recipients in the United States, where inmates are put to death by lethal injection. The complex has so far been the only location used for federal executions post-Gregg. Timothy McVeigh and Juan Garza were put to death in June 2001, and Louis Jones, Jr. was put to death on March 18, 2003.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vice President of the United States Seal of the Vice President Flag of the Vice President Incumbent Mike Pence since January 20, 2017 United States Senate Executive branch of the U.S. government Office of the Vice President Style Mr. Vice President (informal) The Honorable (formal) Mr. President (as President of the Senate) His Excellency (international correspondence) Status Second - highest executive branch officer President of the Senate Member of Cabinet National Security Council National Space Council (Chairman) United States Senate (President) Residence Number One Observatory Circle Seat Washington, D.C. Nominator President of the United States, Political parties Appointer Electoral College of the United States Term length 4 years, no term limit Constituting instrument United States Constitution Formation March 4, 1789 (229 years ago) (1789 - 03 - 04) First holder John Adams April 21, 1789 Succession First Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate (in the Senate) Salary US $230,700 annually Website www.whitehouse.gov", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kentucky State Capitol is located in Frankfort and is the house of the three branches (executive, legislative, judicial) of the state government of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "Kentucky State Capitol" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a Parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the Council of State, the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the legislature, the Storting, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch and the legislature.", "title": "Politics of Norway" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The presiding officer of the Senate is the President of the Senate. A President Pro Tempore, usually a high - ranking member of the majority party, acts as President in case of the temporary disability of the President. In case of the death, resignation, or permanent disability of the President or in the event of the succession of the President to the executive power, the President Pro Tempore becomes President. The Senate also has as an officer the Secretary of the Senate.", "title": "Georgia State Senate" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of acts of Congress, treaties ratified by the Senate, regulations promulgated by the executive branch, and case law originating from the federal judiciary. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.", "title": "Law of the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bernhard Heiliger (11 November 1915, Stettin - 25 October 1995, Berlin) was a German artist. He was considered \"West Germany's foremost sculptor\", and his large public artworks are a prominent presence in many German cities, especially Berlin.", "title": "Bernhard Heiliger" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: \"They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death penalty. There's a widely held perception that all Americans are united in favor of executions, but this message came across loud and clear that many people are not happy with it.\" Brian Evans of Amnesty International, which led the campaign to spare Davis's life, said that there was a groundswell in America of people \"who are tired of a justice system that is inhumane and inflexible and allows executions where there is clear doubts about guilt\". He predicted the debate would now be conducted with renewed energy.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts is an executive branch position created by the Texas Constitution. As with nearly every other executive branch head in Texas, the Comptroller is popularly elected every four years concurrently with the governor and the other elected executive branch positions (elections take place in even number years not divisible by four; e.g., 2006, 2010, and so on). The current Comptroller is Glenn Hegar, who took office on January 2, 2015.", "title": "Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bernhard Heiliger", "id": 715503, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Unfolding >> creator", "raw_question": "Unfolding >> creator", "statement": "Bernhard Heiliger, the creator of Unfolding, died in a city with 435 in the executive branch Senate." }, { "answer": "Berlin", "id": 490108, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Bernhard Heiliger >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Bernhard Heiliger died in Berlin." }, { "answer": "eight", "id": 29562, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "How many people are in the executive branch senate in Berlin ?", "raw_question": "How many people are in the executive branch senate in #2 ?", "statement": "Berlin has eight people in the executive branch Senate." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kamal Givens (born March 25, 1981), also known as Chance, is an American rapper and television personality. Givens is perhaps best known for his work in reality television, beginning with his role on season one of VH1's I Love New York, (2007) wherein he was one of 20 contenders for the affections of Tiffany ``Miss New York ''Pollard. On I Love New York, Givens appears with his brother Ahmad Givens, (whose nickname was Real). Givens is also a former Capitol Records artist.", "title": "Kamal Givens" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience. They perform with a full band in the finals. From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew. Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers, such as Michael Orland and Debra Byrd to contestants behind the scene. Starting with season seven, contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards. In the first nine seasons, performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing. Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South, as well as local pride. According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, \"People in the South have a lot of pride ... So, they're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region.\"", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. Kris Allen is the only married winner of the competition at the time of his victory. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three.", "title": "American Idol (season 8)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 25, 2011, after 122.4 million votes were cast for the finale (and nearly 750 million votes for the seasonal total), Scotty McCreery was crowned the winner of the tenth season of American Idol, making him the youngest male winner at 17 years and seven months old, and the second youngest winner ever behind season 6 winner Jordin Sparks. Season 10 was the first season where 11 contestants went on tour instead of 10. Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels. The signed artists are Scotty McCreery, Lauren Alaina, Haley Reinhart, James Durbin, Casey Abrams, Stefano Langone, Pia Toscano and Naima Adedapo.", "title": "American Idol (season 10)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of reality television singing competition American Idol began on January 17, 2006, and concluded on May 24, 2006. Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell returned to judge, and Ryan Seacrest returned to host. It is the most successful season to date ratings-wise, and resulted in 18 contestants (including all of the top 10 and a few semifinalists) getting record deals -- nine of them with major labels. It was the first season with a male winner (Taylor Hicks) and a female runner - up (Katharine McPhee). It was also the first season of the series to be aired in high definition.", "title": "American Idol (season 5)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment. It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner - up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale, with the first being season three.", "title": "American Idol (season 8)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aubrey Cleland is an American model and singer who came in 11th place on the twelfth season of \"American Idol\".", "title": "Aubrey Cleland" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ismael Gonzalez is an American professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Welterweight division. While perhaps best known for being a contestant on , Gonzalez has also made appearances for King of the Cage and BAMMA. He received his nickname due to his other occupation as a member of the LAPD.", "title": "Ismael Gonzalez (fighter)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the \"White guy with guitar\" or \"WGWG\" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, \"You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest,\" he says, \"And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys.\"", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Fan Save\" was introduced in the fourteenth season. During the finals, viewers are given a five-minute window to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination by using their Twitter account to decide which contestant will move on to the next show, starting with the Top 8.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States. A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from North Carolina. In 2012, an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show up to that point found that 48% have some connection to the Southern United States.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show. The show was renamed American Idol: The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job as showrunner but refused; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to Cowell's surprise, it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year. The show, with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting, and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge, grew into a phenomenon. By 2004, it had become the most-watched show in the U.S., a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The enormous success of the show and the revenue it generated was transformative for Fox Broadcasting Company. American Idol and fellow competing shows Survivor and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire were altogether credited for expanding reality television programming in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, and Idol became the most watched non-scripted primetime television series for almost a decade, from 2003 to 2012, breaking records on U.S. television (dominated by drama shows and sitcoms in the preceding decades).", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Despite being eliminated earlier in the season, Chris Daughtry (as lead of the band Daughtry) became the most successful recording artist from this season. Other contestants, such as Hicks, McPhee, Bucky Covington, Mandisa, Kellie Pickler, and Elliott Yamin have had varying levels of success.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to a Forbes article written in 2013 Employment in the \"Old North State\" has gained many different industry sectors. See the following article summary: science, technology, energy and math, or STEM, industries in the area surrounding North Carolina's capital have grown 17.9 percent since 2001, placing Raleigh-Cary at No. 5 among the 51 largest metro areas in the country where technology is booming. In 2010 North Carolina's total gross state product was $424.9 billion, while the state debt in November 2012, according to one source, totalled US$2.4bn, while according to another, was in 2012 US$57.8bn. In 2011 the civilian labor force was at around 4.5 million with employment near 4.1 million. The working population is employed across the major employment sectors. The economy of North Carolina covers 15 metropolitan areas. In 2010, North Carolina was chosen as the third-best state for business by Forbes Magazine, and the second-best state by Chief Executive Officer Magazine.", "title": "North Carolina" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chris Daughtry", "id": 3157, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Who was the most successful artist from this season?", "raw_question": "Who was the most successful artist from this season?", "statement": "Chris Daughtry is from North Carolina, which is nicknamed the Tar Heel State." }, { "answer": "North Carolina", "id": 3356, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "What state is American Idol contestant Chris Daughtry from?", "raw_question": "What state is American Idol contestant #1 from?", "statement": "Chris Daughtry is from North Carolina." }, { "answer": "Old North State", "id": 24622, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "What is the Nickname given to North Carolina ?", "raw_question": "What is the Nickname given to #2 ?", "statement": "North Carolina is nicknamed the Old North State." } ]

[ "NC", "North Carolina" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He represented his native country at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he ended up in 18th place in the overall-rankings. He also competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics, finishing in 24th place. Mayer is best known for winning the gold medal in the men's discus event at the 2007 Summer Universiade in Bangkok, Thailand.", "title": "Gerhard Mayer" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windows 10 Mobile Anniversary Update, or Windows 10 version 1607, codenamed ``Redstone 1 '', is the second major update to Windows 10 and the first in a series of updates planned under the Redstone codenames. It carries the build number 10.0. 14393. The first preview was released on December 16, 2015. It was released to the public on August 2, 2016. The Redstone 1 release of Windows 10 is supported for users of the Current Branch (CB) and Current Branch for Business (CBB).", "title": "Windows 10 version history" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roland Wille (born 1 August 1961) is a Liechtenstein athlete who competed for his country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. In the Men's Marathon event he placed 68th with a time of 2:31.32. Wille was a member of the Leichtathletik Club Schaan.", "title": "Roland Wille" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windows 10 Mobile Fall Creators Update, or Windows 10 version 1709. Despite sharing a name and version number with the ``Redstone 3 ''- release for desktop is the Windows 10 Mobile build part of the`` Redstone 2'' branch, is the third major update to Windows 10 Mobile and the third in a series of updates planned under the Redstone codenames. The first preview was released to Insiders on April 14, 2017. The Fall Creators Update (Version 1709, 10.0. 15254) was officially released on October 24, 2017.", "title": "Windows 10 version history" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George W. Johnson Park Carousel is a historic carousel located at Endicott in Broome County, New York. The carousel and its pavilion were built in 1934. The carousel is housed in a wooden, one story, 16-sided, pavilion. The carousel has 36 horses standing three abreast, each of which is a \"jumper,\" and two chariots. It was constructed by the Allan Herschell Company. It is one of six carousels donated to the citizens of Broome County by George F. Johnson (1857–1948), president of Endicott Johnson Corporation.", "title": "George W. Johnson Park Carousel" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Windows 10 Mobile Creators Update or Windows 10 version 1703, codenamed ``Redstone 2 '', is the third major update to Windows 10 and the second in a series of updates planned under the Redstone codenames. The first preview was released to Insiders on August 11, 2016.", "title": "Windows 10 version history" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Men with Brooms is a 2002 Canadian romantic comedy film, starring and directed by Paul Gross. Centred on the sport of curling, the offbeat comedy tells the story of a reunited curling team from a small Canadian town as they work through their respective life issues and struggle to win the championship for the sake of their late coach.", "title": "Men with Brooms" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements.", "title": "International Who's Who in Music" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2009 European Cross Country Championships was a continental cross country running competition that was held on 13 December 2009 near Dublin city, Fingal in Ireland. Dublin was selected as the host city in 2007 and the event was the first time that a major European athletics championships took place in Ireland. The six men's and women's races in the championship programme took place in Santry Demense on a looped course with flat and grassy ground. The 16th edition of the European Cross Country Championships featured 323 athletes from 30 nations.", "title": "2009 European Cross Country Championships" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Widow's Broom is a 1992 children's novel by the American author Chris Van Allsburg. A movie version to be directed by Sam Weisman was briefly in production in 2004.", "title": "The Widow's Broom" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Redstone is a residential neighbourhood in the northeast quadrant of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Located near the north edge of the city, it is bounded by Métis Trail N.E. to the west, Stoney Trail to the north, 60 Street N.E. to the east, and the Skyview Ranch community to the south.", "title": "Redstone, Calgary" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Redstone is an unincorporated community in Sheridan County, Montana, United States. Redstone is located on Montana Highway 5 west of Plentywood. The community had a post office until March 9, 2013; it still has its own ZIP code, 59257.", "title": "Redstone, Montana" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Broome\" (DD-210/AG-96) was a \"Clemson\"-class destroyer in the United States Navy. She was named after Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel John L. Broome.", "title": "USS Broome (DD-210)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paul Michael Gross, OC (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian actor, producer, director, singer, and writer born in Calgary, Alberta. He is known for his lead role as Constable Benton Fraser in the television series \"Due South\" as well as his 2008 war film \"Passchendaele\", which he wrote, produced, directed, and starred in. During \"Due South\"'s final season, Gross acted as executive producer in addition to starring, wrote the season three opener and finale, the two part series finale and wrote and sang songs for the show, some of which can be found on the two \"Due South\" soundtracks. He later found success with another Canadian TV series, \"Slings and Arrows\". He also produced one film with Akshay Kumar called \"Speedy Singhs\" starring Camilla Belle and Vinay Virmani.", "title": "Paul Gross" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cédric Plançon (born April 20, 1969 in Lille, Nord) is a retired male weightlifter from France. He competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1992 (Barcelona, Spain). His best finish was the 9th place in the men's middle-heavyweight division (1992).", "title": "Cédric Plançon" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "title": "Birth control movement in the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Henry Broome (30 September 1873–8 June 1943) was a New Zealand clothier and tailor. He was born in Leek, Staffordshire, England on 30 September 1873.", "title": "William Henry Broome" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1980 Air Canada Silver Broom, the men's world curling championship, was held from March 24 to 29 at the Moncton Coliseum in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.", "title": "1980 Air Canada Silver Broom" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 World Men's Handball Championship was the 23rd World Men's Handball Championship, an international handball tournament that took place in Spain from 11 to 27 January 2013. This was the first time Spain hosted the World Men's Handball Championship, becoming the twelfth country to host the competition.", "title": "2013 World Men's Handball Championship" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom" } ]

[ { "answer": "Paul Gross", "id": 369718, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Men with Brooms >> composer", "raw_question": "Men with Brooms >> composer", "statement": "Paul Gross is the composer of Men with Brooms." }, { "answer": "Calgary", "id": 585703, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Paul Gross >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Paul Gross was born in Calgary." }, { "answer": "Canada", "id": 369147, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Redstone, Calgary >> country", "raw_question": "Redstone, #2 >> country", "statement": "Redstone is located in the country of Canada." } ]

[ "ca", "can", "CA", "CAN" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Svendborg County () is a former province in Denmark, located on the southern half of the island of Funen in central Denmark. Svendborg County was established in 1793 and abolished in 1970 when it merged with Odense County forming the new Funen County.", "title": "Svendborg County" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maculabo is an island of the Calaguas group of islands in Camarines Norte province of the Philippines. Although part of the Calaguas group, the island is under the jurisdiction of the municipality of Paracale, Camarines Norte. The island serves as a major stop-over going to Tinaga Island where the well-known long beach \"Mahabang Buhangin\" is located. The island is about four kilometers long. Locals reside on parts of the Island with farming and fishing as their main source of income.", "title": "Maculabo" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Langes Corners is an unincorporated community located in the Town of New Denmark, Brown County, Wisconsin, United States. Langes Corners is located along County Highway R northwest of the village of Denmark.", "title": "Langes Corners, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Butterfly Pond, also known as Aldrich Brook, is a body of water in the town of Lincoln, in Providence County, Rhode Island.", "title": "Butterfly Pond" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Émile Darl'mat (1892–1970) was the creator and owner of a Peugeot distributor with a car body business established at the rue de l'Université in Paris in 1923. In the 1930s the firm gained prominence as a low volume manufacturer of Peugeot-based sports cars. Business was interrupted by the Second World War, but at least one prototype was kept hidden throughout the period and directly after the war Darl'mat returned to the construction of special bodied Peugeots, although in the impoverished condition of post-war France business never returned to the volumes achieved during the 1930s.", "title": "Darl'mat" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grassy Island is a small, uninhabited American island in the Detroit River. It is located just north of Grosse Ile and west of Fighting Island, about west of the Canada–United States border. The island is part of the city of Wyandotte, in Wayne County. The island is part of the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge. Grassy Island should not be confused with Grass Island, which is an island of Ontario on the exact opposite side of the Detroit River.", "title": "Grassy Island" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hjørring County () is a former province in Denmark, located on the northern tip of Jutland and encompassing most of the island of Vendsyssel-Thy and the island of Læsø. Hjørring County was established in 1793 and abolished in 1970 when it merged with Aalborg County forming the new North Jutland County.", "title": "Hjørring County" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "Lake Oesa" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Clapton was born on 30 March 1945 in Ripley, Surrey, England, to 16-year-old Patricia Molly Clapton (7 January 1929 – March 1999) and Edward Walter Fryer (21 March 1920 – 15 May 1985), a 25-year-old soldier from Montreal, Quebec. Fryer shipped off to war prior to Clapton's birth and then returned to Canada. Clapton grew up believing that his grandmother, Rose, and her second husband, Jack Clapp, Patricia's stepfather, were his parents, and that his mother was actually his older sister. The similarity in surnames gave rise to the erroneous belief that Clapton's real surname is Clapp (Reginald Cecil Clapton was the name of Rose's first husband, Eric Clapton's maternal grandfather). Years later, his mother married another Canadian soldier and moved to Germany, leaving young Eric with his grandparents in Surrey.Clapton received an acoustic Hoyer guitar, made in Germany, for his thirteenth birthday, but the inexpensive steel-stringed instrument was difficult to play and he briefly lost interest. Two years later Clapton picked it up again and started playing consistently. Clapton was influenced by the blues from an early age, and practised long hours to learn the chords of blues music by playing along to the records. He preserved his practice sessions using his portable Grundig reel-to-reel tape recorder, listening to them over and over until he felt he'd got it right.In 1961, after leaving Hollyfield School in Surbiton, Clapton studied at the Kingston College of Art but was dismissed at the end of the academic year because his focus remained on music rather than art. His guitar playing was so advanced that, by the age of 16, he was getting noticed. Around this time, Clapton began busking around Kingston, Richmond, and the West End.", "title": "Eric Clapton" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany, the United States briefly controlled Greenland for battlefields and protection. In 1946, the United States offered to buy Greenland from Denmark for $100 million ($1.2 billion today) but Denmark refused to sell it. Several politicians and others have in recent years argued that Greenland could hypothetically be in a better financial situation as a part of the United States; for instance mentioned by professor Gudmundur Alfredsson at University of Akureyri in 2014. One of the actual reasons behind US interest in Greenland could be the vast natural resources of the island. According to Wikileaks, the U.S. appears to be highly interested in investing in the resource base of the island and in tapping the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast.", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Langdon House is a historic house on the eastern side of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Located along Eastern Avenue, it is a frame house with weatherboarded walls, built in the Steamboat Gothic style. It was erected in 1855 in the village of Columbia, which has since been annexed to the city of Cincinnati. Seven years after it was constructed, its owner, Henry Langdon, joined the 79th Ohio Infantry to fight in the Civil War. After his return in 1865, Langdon returned to his Columbia house; there he maintained a medical practice until his 1876 death.", "title": "Langdon House" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forward Harbour was a cannery town in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located on the inlet of the same name, which is on the mainland side of Wellbore Channel, to the east of Hardwicke Island. Nearby on the same vicinity on the Mainland, though fronting on other bodies of water, are Jackson Bay to the immediate north, off Sunderland Channel, and Heydon Bay, British Columbia to the east on Loughborough Inlet.", "title": "Forward Harbour" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Set on the fictional San Piedro Island in the northern Puget Sound region of the state of Washington coast in 1954, the plot revolves around a murder case in which Kabuo Miyamoto, a Japanese American, is accused of killing Carl Heine, a respected fisherman in the close - knit community. Much of the story is told in flashbacks explaining the interaction of the various characters over the prior decades. Carl's body had been pulled from the sea, trapped in his own net, on September 16, 1954. His water - damaged watch had stopped at 1: 47. The trial, held in December 1954 during a snowstorm that grips the entire island, occurs in the midst of deep anti-Japanese sentiments following World War II. Covering the case is the editor of the town's one - man newspaper, the San Piedro Review, Ishmael Chambers, a World War II US Marine Corps veteran who lost an arm fighting the Japanese at the Battle of Tarawa. Torn by a sense of hatred for the Japanese, Chambers struggles with his love for Kabuo's wife, Hatsue, and his conscience, wondering if Kabuo is truly innocent. Through extended flashbacks, the reader learns that Ishmael had fallen in love with Hatsue when the two attended high school together right before the war. They had been secretly dating at this time and lost their virginity to each other.", "title": "Snow Falling on Cedars" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Google fight ''or`` Google war'' is the name given to a number of advertisements on the Internet search engine Google which promoted either Danish or Canadian sovereignty over Hans Island.", "title": "Hans Island" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere.", "title": "Lake District" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stefan Rozental (13 August 1903, Łódź – 2 August 1994, Copenhagen), was a nuclear physicist, specialising in quantum mechanics. Trapped outside Poland when World War I started, he and his parents ended up in Denmark and spent four years from 1915 there before they returned to their native Poland in 1919 after the war. He received his PhD from the University of Kraków in 1928.", "title": "Stefan Rozental" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William R. Jecelin (May 6, 1930 – September 19, 1950) was a soldier in the United States Army who posthumously received the United States military's highest decoration for bravery, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during the Korean War. He was born and joined the Army from Baltimore, Maryland and was sent as a Sergeant to fight in the Korean War. While there he was fighting with Company C, 35th Infantry Regiment during the Pusan Perimeter Offensive when a grenade was thrown at them Jecelin sacrificed himself to save the other soldiers in his unit. He covered the grenade with his body and was killed. His body was returned to the US and buried in his hometown of Baltimore.", "title": "William R. Jecelin" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2005, military personnel also conducted a patrol, during which they raised a Canadian flag on Hans Island – a small, barren island in the Nares Strait, between northern Ellesmere Island and Greenland. Denmark currently disputes Canada's claim to this territory.", "title": "Operation Hurricane (Canada)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Iwo Jima (19 February -- 26 March 1945) was a major battle in which the United States Marine Corps landed on and eventually captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during World War II. The American invasion, designated Operation Detachment, had the goal of capturing the entire island, including the three Japanese - controlled airfields (including the South Field and the Central Field), to provide a staging area for attacks on the Japanese main islands. This five - week battle comprised some of the fiercest and bloodiest fighting of the Pacific War of World War II.", "title": "Battle of Iwo Jima" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland. Norfolk Island is the main island of the island group the territory encompasses and is located at 29°02′S 167°57′E / 29.033°S 167.950°E / -29.033; 167.950. It has an area of 34.6 square kilometres (13.4 sq mi), with no large-scale internal bodies of water and 32 km (20 mi) of coastline. The island's highest point is Mount Bates (319 metres (1,047 feet) above sea level), located in the northwest quadrant of the island. The majority of the terrain is suitable for farming and other agricultural uses. Phillip Island, the second largest island of the territory, is located at 29°07′S 167°57′E / 29.117°S 167.950°E / -29.117; 167.950, seven kilometres (4.3 miles) south of the main island.", "title": "Norfolk Island" } ]

[ { "answer": "Canada", "id": 161914, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Where did Fryer return to after going to war?", "raw_question": "Where did Fryer return to after going to war?", "statement": "Fryer returned to Canada after the war." }, { "answer": "Hans Island", "id": 42691, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "the island that Canada and denmark fight over", "raw_question": "the island that #1 and denmark fight over", "statement": "Hans Island is the island that Canada and Denmark fight over." }, { "answer": "Nares Strait", "id": 217606, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Hans Island >> located in or next to body of water", "raw_question": "#2 >> located in or next to body of water", "statement": "Hans Island is located in or next to the Nares Strait." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. A prolific writer, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and postbellum periods. As a leader of the \"New South\", Vance favored the rapid modernization of the southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North.", "title": "Zebulon Baird Vance" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Port Clinton High School is a public high school in Port Clinton, Ohio. It is the only high school in the Port Clinton City School District. Their nickname is the Redskins. They are currently members of the Sandusky Bay Conference.", "title": "Port Clinton High School" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roswell Farnham (July 23, 1827January 5, 1903) was an American politician of the Republican Party, an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, a lawyer, and the 38th Governor of Vermont.", "title": "Roswell Farnham" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The chief executive of West Virginia is the governor of West Virginia, who is elected to a four - year term at the same time as presidential elections. The governor is sworn in the January following the November election. A governor may only serve two consecutive terms. A governor may run for a third term, but an interceding election must occur. Democrat Jim Justice was elected governor in 2016, defeating Bill Cole in the general election.", "title": "Government of West Virginia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "North Carolina's party loyalties have undergone a series of important shifts in the last few years: While the 2010 midterms saw Tar Heel voters elect a bicameral Republican majority legislature for the first time in over a century, North Carolina has also become a Southern swing state in presidential races. Since Southern Democrat Jimmy Carter's comfortable victory in the state in 1976, the state had consistently leaned Republican in presidential elections until Democrat Barack Obama narrowly won the state in 2008. In the 1990s, Democrat Bill Clinton came within a point of winning the state in 1992 and also only narrowly lost the state in 1996. In the early 2000s, Republican George W. Bush easily won the state by over 12 points, but by 2008, demographic shifts, population growth, and increased liberalization in heavily populated areas such as the Research Triangle, Charlotte, Greensboro, Winston-Salem, Fayetteville, and Asheville, propelled Barack Obama to victory in North Carolina, the first Democrat to win the state since 1976. In 2012, North Carolina was again considered a competitive swing state, with the Democrats even holding their 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte. However, Republican Mitt Romney ultimately eked out a 2-point win in North Carolina, the only 2012 swing state that Obama lost, and one of only two states (along with Indiana) to flip from Obama in 2008 to the GOP in 2012.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1992. Democratic Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas defeated incumbent Republican President George H.W. Bush, independent businessman Ross Perot of Texas, and a number of minor candidates.", "title": "1992 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The One Hundred Fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1997, to January 3, 1999, during the fifth and sixth years of Bill Clinton's presidency. Apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty - first Census of the United States in 1990. Both chambers had a Republican majority. President Clinton was impeached by the US House of Representatives of the 105th Congress.", "title": "105th United States Congress" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since 1948, the Democrats have secured the state of Georgia 7 times, while the Republican party secured Georgia 8 times. However, during the past 6 presidential elections, the Democrats won the state of Georgia only once, in 1992. Bill Clinton won 43.47% of the vote while incumbent President George H.W. Bush carried 42.88%, while losing his quest for a 2nd term.", "title": "Democratic Party of Georgia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 1815, West Battery was renamed Castle Clinton, its current official name, in honor of New York City Mayor DeWitt Clinton (who eventually became Governor of New York). The castle itself was converted to administrative headquarters for the Army. Simultaneously, at the end of the war, there was a public movement to build a park in the Battery area. A 1816 proposal to construct two small office buildings at Castle Clinton was canceled due to public opposition, and the castle lay dormant for three years. Even in 1820, it was only being used as a paymaster's quarters and storage area. The United States Army stopped using the fort in 1821, and it was ceded to the city by an act of Congress in March 1822. By then, the bridge leading to Castle Clinton was frequently used by fishermen who were catching fish from the bridge.", "title": "Castle Clinton" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Sprague IV (September 12, 1830September 11, 1915) was the 27th Governor of Rhode Island from 1860 to 1863, and U.S. Senator from 1863 to 1875. He participated in the First Battle of Bull Run during the American Civil War while he was a sitting Governor.", "title": "William Sprague IV" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buddy (August 7, 1997 – January 2, 2002), a male chocolate-colored Labrador Retriever, was one of two pets kept by the Clinton family while Bill Clinton was President of the United States. The Clintons' other pet was a cat named Socks.", "title": "Buddy (dog)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bernard William Nussbaum (born March 23, 1937) is an American attorney, best known for having served as White House Counsel under President Bill Clinton.", "title": "Bernard Nussbaum" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a last - minute act while in office, President Bill Clinton designated 22 acres of the island, including the two great forts, as Governors Island National Monument on January 19, 2001. In the next year on April 1, 2002, President George W. Bush, Governor Pataki, and Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced that the federal government would sell Governors Island to the people of New York for a nominal cost, and that the island would be used for public benefit. At the time of the transfer, deed restrictions were created that prohibit permanent housing and casinos on the island. On January 31, 2003, 150 acres of Governors Island were transferred to the people of New York, to be administered by a joint city - state agency, the Governors Island Preservation and Education Corporation (GIPEC). The remaining 22 acres was legally reaffirmed by presidential proclamation on February 7, 2003 as the Governors Island National Monument, to be administered by the National Park Service.", "title": "Governors Island" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Milton Smith (October 24, 1823November 25, 1890) was a Confederate infantry colonel in the American Civil War, as well as a post-war Governor of Georgia. He was noted as an ardent opponent of Radical Reconstruction.", "title": "James Milton Smith" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Susan Webber Wright (née Carter; born August 1, 1948) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas. Wright is a former judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. She received national attention when she first dismissed the sexual harassment lawsuit brought by Paula Jones against President Bill Clinton in 1998, and then, in 1999, found Clinton to be in civil contempt of court.", "title": "Susan Webber Wright" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the America Civil War ends, key military and government leaders meet in Washington D.C. Gunfighter Wild Bill Hickok (William Hart) goes to Dodge City where he hangs up his gun belt and takes over a card table. Local lawmen are unable to rid the town of lawless cowboys. Hickok's arch - enemy and gang leader Jack McQueen (Jim Farley) accuses Hickok of losing his nerve. Hickok visits General Custer and retrieves his sword, taking up his role as a fighter for what is right.", "title": "Wild Bill Hickok (film)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate cavalry retreated west, the Union soldiers followed, leading to the nearby Battle of Morrisville. The city was spared significant destruction during the War, but due to the economic problems of the post-war period and Reconstruction, with a state economy based on agriculture, it grew little over the next several decades.", "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir John Stawell or Stowell (29 August 1600 – 21 February 1662) of Cothelstone in Somerset, was an English Member of Parliament and Royalist governor of Taunton during the English Civil War.", "title": "John Stawell" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Steele Sessions (born May 27, 1930) is an American civil servant who served as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas and Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Sessions served as FBI director from 1987 to 1993, when he was dismissed by President Bill Clinton.", "title": "William S. Sessions" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights was established in 1998 by the President of the United States Bill Clinton, honoring outstanding American promoters of rights in the United States.", "title": "Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights" } ]

[ { "answer": "Zebulon Baird Vance", "id": 22527, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Who was the governor during the Civil War?", "raw_question": "Who was the governor during the Civil War?", "statement": "Zebulon Baird Vance was the governor during the Civil War." }, { "answer": "North Carolina", "id": 146265, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "In what city did Zebulon Baird Vance die?", "raw_question": "In what city did #1 die?", "statement": "Zebulon Baird Vance died in North Carolina." }, { "answer": "1996", "id": 24630, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "What year did Bill Clinton lose North Carolina ?", "raw_question": "What year did Bill Clinton lose #2 ?", "statement": "Bill Clinton lost North Carolina in 1996." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Ispahani Hangar is a Pakistan International Airlines wide-body aircraft maintenance hangar at the Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan. It was named in honour of Mirza Ahmad Ispahani, the first and longest serving chairman of Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). The hangar for wide body and narrow body aircraft with a supporting airframe overhaul shop was completed and commissioned in 1968.", "title": "Ispahani Hangar" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beau-Rivage Geneva is a five-star luxury hotel, founded in 1865 by the Mayer family. It is located in Geneva, Switzerland. A lot of hotels in the world have the name \"Beau-Rivage\", but this hotel has remained independent since its creation and is still a family-owned business. The hotel has 90 rooms including 18 suites, 2 restaurants and a bar. It is a member of the Leading Hotels of the World.", "title": "Beau-Rivage Geneva" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Penina Hotel & Golf Resort is a golf resort located in the Algarve region of southern Portugal, between Portimão and Lagos. The resort spans and contains a hotel complex, golf courses, tennis courts, a football pitch and a running track. It is owned and operated by JJW Hotels & Resorts.", "title": "Penina Golf and Resort" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Diplomat Resort & Spa, A Curio Collection by Hilton is a beachfront resort located in Hollywood, Florida (Just South of Fort Lauderdale). The hotel has a North and a South Tower that have 998 rooms and are 36 stories tall. The Diplomat has two pools, six restaurants and lounges, beachfront location and a convention center. The hotel is currently owned by Thayer Lodging Group and is operated under Hilton Worldwide", "title": "Diplomat Resort & Spa Hollywood" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hotel Brussels is a four-star hotel, located in the Avenue Louise district of Brussels, Belgium, and owned and managed by the Swedish hotel group Pandox AB.", "title": "The Hotel Brussels" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Beginning in 1979, the hotel was leased by the Pakistan International Airlines through its investment arm PIA Investments Ltd. (``PIA ''), with an option to purchase the building after 20 years. Prince Faisal bin Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud of Saudi Arabia was one of the investors in the 1979 deal. In 1999, PIA exercised their option and bought the hotel for $36.5 million, after a legal battle with owner Paul Milstein, who claimed it was worth much more. In 2005, PIA bought out its Saudi partner in a deal that included the prince's share in Hôtel Scribe in Paris in exchange for $40 million and PIA's share of the Riyadh Minhal Hotel (a Holiday Inn located on property owned by the prince). PIA has since controlled 99 percent interest in the hotel, while the Saudis have only 1 percent.", "title": "The Roosevelt Hotel (Manhattan)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Shy, soft - spoken Joel Barish and unrestrained free - spirit Clementine Kruczynski begin a relationship on a Long Island Rail Road train from Montauk, New York to Rockville Centre. They are immediately drawn to each other, despite their contrasting personalities, as they both felt the need to travel to Montauk that day. Although they do not remember it, Joel and Clementine are, in fact, former lovers, now separated after spending two years together. After a fight, Clementine had hired the New York City firm Lacuna, Inc. to erase all of her memories of their relationship. Upon discovering this from his friends Rob and Carrie, Joel was devastated and decided to undergo the procedure himself, a process that takes place while he sleeps.", "title": "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the most prominent movies filmed in Alaska is MGM's Eskimo/Mala The Magnificent, starring Alaska Native Ray Mala. In 1932 an expedition set out from MGM's studios in Hollywood to Alaska to film what was then billed as \"The Biggest Picture Ever Made.\" Upon arriving in Alaska, they set up \"Camp Hollywood\" in Northwest Alaska, where they lived during the duration of the filming. Louis B. Mayer spared no expense in spite of the remote location, going so far as to hire the chef from the Hotel Roosevelt in Hollywood to prepare meals.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gold Spike (formerly Gold Spike Hotel & Casino) is a bar, lounge, residential building, and former boutique 112 - room, seven floor hotel. It is connected with the Oasis at the Gold Spike, a 50 - room three floor hotel located in downtown Las Vegas. It was owned by entrepreneur Tony Hsieh and his Downtown Project, having bought it from The Siegel Group; and the casino was operated by Golden Gaming.", "title": "Gold Spike (property)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Year Director Film 2009 63rd Kathryn Bigelow The Hurt Locker Neill Blomkamp District 9 James Cameron Avatar Lone Scherfig An Education Quentin Tarantino Inglourious Basterds 2008 62nd Danny Boyle Slumdog Millionaire Stephen Daldry The Reader Clint Eastwood Changeling David Fincher The Curious Case of Benjamin Button Ron Howard Frost / Nixon 2007 61st Joel Coen and Ethan Coen No Country for Old Men Paul Thomas Anderson There Will Be Blood Paul Greengrass The Bourne Ultimatum Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck The Lives of Others (Das Leben der Anderen) Joe Wright Atonement 2006 60th Paul Greengrass United 93 Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris Little Miss Sunshine Stephen Frears The Queen Alejandro González Iñárritu Babel Martin Scorsese The Departed 2005 59th Ang Lee Brokeback Mountain George Clooney Good Night, and Good Luck. Paul Haggis Crash Fernando Meirelles The Constant Gardener Bennett Miller Capote 58th Mike Leigh Vera Drake Marc Forster Finding Neverland Michel Gondry Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Michael Mann Collateral Martin Scorsese The Aviator 2003 57th Peter Weir Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World Tim Burton Big Fish Sofia Coppola Lost in Translation Peter Jackson The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Anthony Minghella Cold Mountain 2002 56th Roman Polanski The Pianist Stephen Daldry The Hours Peter Jackson The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers Rob Marshall Chicago Martin Scorsese Gangs of New York 2001 55th Peter Jackson The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Robert Altman Gosford Park Ron Howard A Beautiful Mind Jean - Pierre Jeunet Amélie (Le Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain) Baz Luhrmann Moulin Rouge! 2000 54th Ang Lee Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Wo hu cang long) Stephen Daldry Billy Elliot Ridley Scott Gladiator Steven Soderbergh Traffic Steven Soderbergh Erin Brockovich", "title": "BAFTA Award for Best Direction" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country Inns & Suites by Radisson (CI&S) is an American hotel brand owned by the Radisson Hotel Group, which accommodates both business and leisure travelers. CI&S hotels are mainly independently owned and operated, and franchised under licensing agreements with Radisson Hotel Group.", "title": "Radisson Hotel Group" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An eternity ring, also known as an infinity ring, is a lady's ring, worn on the hand, comprising a band of precious metal (usually gold) set with a continuous line of identically cut gemstones (usually diamonds) to symbolize never - ending love, usually given by a husband to his wife on the occasion of a significant anniversary, typically after 10 years of marriage date Because the presence of stones all the way round the eternity ring can make it cumbersome to wear, the alternative is to have the stones across the face of the ring only. This is sometimes referred to as a ``half - eternity ''ring rather than a`` full'' eternity ring.", "title": "Eternity ring" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Academy Awards, or ``Oscars ''are a set of awards given annually for excellence of cinematic achievements. The awards, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), were first held in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. Pitt has received one award from six nominations.", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Brad Pitt" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Four Queens Hotel and Casino is located in downtown Las Vegas on the Fremont Street Experience. The 690 - room hotel and 40,000 sq ft (3,700 m) casino is owned and operated by TLC Enterprises, which acquired the property from the Elsinore Corporation in 2003.", "title": "Four Queens" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Love Around\" was filmed entirely on location in Taiwan. Asia FM 92.7, the radio station depicted in the drama is an actual free to air radio station in Taiwan with its headquarters and broadcasting station in Taoyuan City, Taoyuan County. The building and set used in the drama to depict the radio station is actually an office building located at 257 Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City, which is only a few blocks from Sanlih's broadcasting headquarters in the Neihu District of Taipei. The resort that Zhou Zhen owns is the former \"Leo Ocean Resort\" now called \"EHR Hotels & Resorts Yilan\", located in Yilan County. The homes of both main lead characters are located in the newly developed area of Danshui District New Taipei City.", "title": "Love Around" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts Type Upscale Hotels & Resorts Industry Hotel Founded Headquarters Denham, United Kingdom Number of locations 410 Area served Worldwide Parent InterContinental Hotels Group Website Crown Plaza", "title": "Crowne Plaza" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Holiday Inn New Delhi / Mayur Vihar / NOIDA is a hotel in East Delhi, India, near NOIDA. It opened in 2011 alongside its sister property, Crowne Plaza New Delhi / Mayur Vihar / NOIDA. The hotel is part of the InterContinental Hotels Group, an international hotel chain hotel founded in 1946. This property is owned by Eros Resorts & Hotels Limited, a Delhi-based real estate and hospitality group who also own and manage other properties in the area. The management of the hotel is delegated to hoteliers from India and abroad.", "title": "Holiday Inn New Delhi Mayur Vihar NOIDA" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "AKA White House is a luxury extended stay hotel owned by Korman Communities located at 1710 H Street NW in Washington, D.C., in the United States. The operator is AKA, the extended-stay hotel brand owned by Korman Communities. AKA White House opened in 2005.", "title": "AKA White House" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Got My Mind Set on You ''is a song written and composed by Rudy Clark and originally recorded by James Ray in 1962, under the title`` I've Got My Mind Set on You''. An edited version of the song was released later in the year as a single on the Dynamic Sound label. In 1987, George Harrison released a cover version of the song as a single, and released it on his album Cloud Nine, which he had recorded on his own Dark Horse Records label.", "title": "Got My Mind Set on You" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aquarius Casino Resort (formerly Flamingo Hilton Laughlin and Flamingo Laughlin) is a hotel and casino located on the banks of the Colorado River in Laughlin, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Golden Entertainment and is the largest hotel in Laughlin.", "title": "Aquarius Casino Resort" } ]

[ { "answer": "New York", "id": 79076, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "where is eternal sunshine of the spotless mind set", "raw_question": "where is eternal sunshine of the spotless mind set", "statement": "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind is set in New York." }, { "answer": "Pakistan International Airlines", "id": 43572, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "who owns the roosevelt hotel in New York", "raw_question": "who owns the roosevelt hotel in #1", "statement": "Pakistan International Airlines owns the Roosevelt Hotel in New York." }, { "answer": "Jinnah International Airport", "id": 372338, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Pakistan International Airlines >> headquarters location", "raw_question": "#2 >> headquarters location", "statement": "This sub-question seems out of context, as Pakistan International Airlines is not related to the Roosevelt Hotel or the state where Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind was set." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fort Stanton – Snowy River Cave National Conservation Area is a National Conservation Area in the eastern foothills of the Sierra Blanca, between Capitan and Lincoln in south central New Mexico. Including approximately and located at an elevation of about above sea level, it was established in 2009 to protect, conserve, and enhance the unique and nationally important historic, cultural, scientific, archaeological, natural, and educational subterranean cave resources of the Fort Stanton - Snowy River cave system.", "title": "Fort Stanton – Snowy River Cave National Conservation Area" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Country Dance is an oil painting by French artist Jean-Antoine Watteau, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. Probably one of Watteau's earliest painting, created roughly 1706-1710, it depicts a group of quite courtly peasants dancing among the trees.", "title": "The Country Dance" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He studied science at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, where he was influenced by scientists that included biologist Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau, zoologist Alphonse Milne-Edwards, and anthropologist Ernest Hamy. From 1889 to 1892, he was employed as a chemical engineer at the French-owned El Boleo mining installation in Santa Rosalia, Baja California Sur. During that period, he explored the peninsula's interior, collecting natural history specimens for the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. Afterwards, from 1893 to 1914, he made six more trips to Mexico as an explorer and collector:", "title": "Léon Diguet" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Quri Qale Cave or QuraQala (Kurdish: Şkefta QureQela, ئەشکەوتی قوڕەقەڵا Persian: غار قوری قلعه) is a cave located northwest of Ravansar, Iran, and is one of the longest caves in western Asia. First explored in the 1950s, in 1989 it was further opened by an Iranian team. It contains three main chambers, with calcite crystals, stalactites and waterfalls. It is known for its colony of Mouse-eared bat, and for a number of archaeological finds, including silver plates dating the late Sassanian period.", "title": "Quri Qala Cave" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goa Gajah, or Elephant Cave, is located on the island of Bali near Ubud, in Indonesia. Built in the 9th century, it served as a sanctuary.", "title": "Goa Gajah" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elephanta Caves (the cave temples at the historical site of Elephanta are dedicated to Shiva) are a network of sculpted caves located on Elephanta Island, or Gharapuri (literally ``the city of caves '') in Mumbai Harbour, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the east of the city of Mumbai in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The island, located on an arm of the Arabian Sea, consists of two groups of caves -- the first is a large group of five Hindu caves, the second, a smaller group of two Buddhist caves. The Hindu caves contain rock cut stone sculptures, representing the Shaiva Hindu sect, dedicated to the Lord Shiva.", "title": "Elephanta Caves" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Vision of Fiammetta is an oil painting created by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, in the Pre-Raphaelite style, created in 1878. The painting was one half of one of Rossetti's \"double works\", accompanying his \"Ballads and Sonnets\" (1881). Maria Spartali Stillman modelled for the painting. The subject of painting is Boccacio's muse named Fiammetta.", "title": "A Vision of Fiammetta" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sporadic use of the term for some of the subject matter occurred subsequently, such as the use by Étienne Serres in 1838 to describe the natural history, or paleontology, of man, based on comparative anatomy, and the creation of a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850 at the National Museum of Natural History (France) by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau. Various short-lived organizations of anthropologists had already been formed. The Société Ethnologique de Paris, the first to use Ethnology, was formed in 1839. Its members were primarily anti-slavery activists. When slavery was abolished in France in 1848 the Société was abandoned.", "title": "Anthropology" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Allan Kardec () is the pen name of the French educator, translator and author Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (; 3 October 1804 – 31 March 1869). He is the author of the five books known as the Spiritist Codification, and is the founder of Spiritism.", "title": "Allan Kardec" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tabun Cave is an excavated site located at Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve, Israel and is one of Human Evolution sites at Mount Carmel, which were proclaimed as having universal value by UNESCO in 2012. The cave was occupied intermittently during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic (500,000 to around 40,000 years ago). In the course of this period, deposits of sand, silt and clay of up to accumulated in the cave. Excavations suggest that it features one of the longest sequences of human occupation in the Levant.", "title": "Tabun Cave" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The rock shelters and caves of Bhimbetka have a large number of paintings. The oldest paintings are found to be 30,000 years old, but some of the geometric figures date to as recently as the medieval period. The colors used are vegetable colors which have endured through time because the drawings were generally made deep inside a niche or on inner walls. The drawings and paintings can be classified under seven different periods.", "title": "Bhimbetka rock shelters" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luncheon in the Studio (or The Luncheon) is an 1868 oil painting by Édouard Manet. Partially a portrait of 16-year-old Léon Leenhoff — the son of Suzanne Leenhoff before her 1863 marriage to Manet, and possibly the son of Manet or Manet's father Auguste — it is also an enigmatic work that has received limited attention within Manet's oeuvre. Critic Nan Stalnaker notes that \"despite continued questions about its meaning, the work is acknowledged to be brilliantly painted and a major Manet work\".", "title": "Luncheon in the Studio" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave in the Ardèche department of southern France is a cave that contains some of the best-preserved figurative cave paintings in the world, as well as other evidence of Upper Paleolithic life. It is located near the commune of Vallon-Pont-d'Arc on a limestone cliff above the former bed of the Ardèche River, in the Gorges de l'Ardèche.", "title": "Chauvet Cave" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dust Cave is a Paleoindian archaeology site located in northern Alabama. It is in the Highland Rim in the limestone bluffs that overlook Coffee Slough, a tributary of the Tennessee River. The site was occupied during the Pleistocene and early Holocene eras. 1LU496, another name for Dust Cave, was occupied seasonally for 7,000 years. The cave was first discovered in 1984 by Dr. Richard Cobb and first excavated in 1989 under Dr. Boyce Driskell from the University of Alabama.", "title": "Dust Cave" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On September 12, 1940, the entrance to the Lascaux Cave was discovered by 18 year old Marcel Ravidat. Ravidat (died in 1995) returned to the scene with three friends, Jacques Marsal, Georges Agnel, and Simon Coencas, and entered the cave via a long shaft. The teenagers discovered that the cave walls were covered with depictions of animals. Galleries that suggest continuity, context or simply represent a cavern were given names. Those include the Hall of the Bulls, the Passageway, the Shaft, the Nave, the Apse, and the Chamber of Felines. The cave complex was opened to the public on July 14, 1948. By 1955, carbon dioxide, heat, humidity, and other contaminants produced by 1,200 visitors per day had visibly damaged the paintings. As air condition deteriorated fungi and lichen increasingly infested the walls. Consequently, the cave was closed to the public in 1963, the paintings were restored to their original state and a monitoring system on a daily basis was introduced.", "title": "Lascaux" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest known cave paintings / drawings of animals are at least 35,000 years old and were found in caves in the district of Maros, located in Bantimurung district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, according to datings announced in 2014. Previously it was believed that the earliest paintings were in Europe. The earliest figurative paintings in Europe date back to the Aurignacian period, approximately 30,000 to 32,000 years ago, and are found in the Chauvet Cave in France, and in the Coliboaia Cave in Romania. The earliest non-figurative rock art dates back to approximately 40,000 years ago, the date given both to a disk in the El Castillo cave and a hand stencil in Timpuseng cave Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are similar later paintings in Africa, Australia and South America, continuing until recent times in some places, though there is a worldwide tendency for open air rock art to succeed paintings deep in caves.", "title": "Cave painting" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lascaux (French: Grotte de Lascaux, ``Lascaux Cave ''; English: / læsˈkoʊ /, French: (lasko)) is the setting of a complex of caves near the village of Montignac, in the department of Dordogne in southwestern France. Over 600 parietal wall paintings cover the interior walls and ceilings of the cave. The paintings represent primarily large animals, typical local and contemporary fauna that correspond with the fossil record of the Upper Paleolithic time. The drawings are the combined effort of many generations, and with continued debate, the paintings are estimated around 17,000 years BP. Lascaux was inducted into the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in 1979, as element of the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley.", "title": "Lascaux" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cave of the Storm Nymphs is a painting by British artist Edward Poynter, depicting three nude sirens or nymphs from Greek mythology that lure sailors to their deaths. Poynter painted two versions, one in 1902 and the other in 1903, with minor differences. The former is housed in the Norfolk's Hermitage Museum, and the latter is in the private collection of Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber. One of the depicted sirens is playing a golden stringed, tortoise-shell lyre, while the other two sirens rejoice amid the foundering ship, expecting to add to the cave’s treasure.", "title": "The Cave of the Storm Nymphs" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Addaura cave (Italian: Grotta dell'Addaura) is a complex of three natural grottoes located on the northeast side of Mount Pellegrino in Palermo, Sicily, southern Italy. The importance of the complex is due to the presence of cave-wall engravings dated to the late Epigravettian (contemporaneous with the Magdalenian) and the Mesolithic.", "title": "Grotta dell'Addaura" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Snake Charmer is an oil-on-canvas Orientalist painting by French artist Jean-Léon Gérôme produced around 1879. It is signed \"J.L Gerome 1880\".", "title": "The Snake Charmer" } ]

[ { "answer": "National Museum of Natural History", "id": 659125, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Léon Diguet >> educated at", "raw_question": "Léon Diguet >> educated at", "statement": "Léon Diguet was educated at the National Museum of Natural History." }, { "answer": "France", "id": 39490, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Where is National Museum of Natural History located?", "raw_question": "Where is #1 located?", "statement": "This sub-question is not relevant to the original sub-question. The original sub-question asks about the cave paintings, but the answer provided is the location of the National Museum of Natural History, which is not related to the cave paintings." }, { "answer": "estimated around 17,000 years BP", "id": 84845, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "when were the cave paintings in France created", "raw_question": "when were the cave paintings in #2 created", "statement": "The cave paintings in France were created estimated around 17,000 years BP." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The relational model also allowed the content of the database to evolve without constant rewriting of links and pointers. The relational part comes from entities referencing other entities in what is known as one-to-many relationship, like a traditional hierarchical model, and many-to-many relationship, like a navigational (network) model. Thus, a relational model can express both hierarchical and navigational models, as well as its native tabular model, allowing for pure or combined modeling in terms of these three models, as the application requires.", "title": "Database" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A class reunion is a meeting of former classmates, often organized at or near their former school or college by one or more class members. It is scheduled near an anniversary of their graduation, e.g. every 5 years. Their teachers and administrators may be invited. Those attending reminisce about their student days and bring each other up to date on what has happened since they last meet.", "title": "Class reunion" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2011 Euvin Naidoo was selected by Forbes onto their Top 10 most Powerful and Influential Men under Forty in Africa list. He is currently a banking executive in Johannesburg, South Africa. A graduate of the Harvard Business School (HBS), Euvin Naidoo is also an alumnus of global international management consulting firm McKinsey & Co., having started his career at the Firm in the 1990s with a focus on growth strategies, turnarounds and engagements in Africa within financial services (banking/insurance), telecommunications (fixed and mobile), metals & mining (steel and coal) and airlines/transport (operational efficiency, marketing and new sales channels).", "title": "Euvin Naidoo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery is an American novelist. He is the author of \"War Boy\" and \"What We Do Is Secret\", which was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award. He was born in Portland, Oregon, and attended Evergreen State College. He currently lives in Manhattan, and teaches a creative writing workshop at Columbia University.", "title": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lipman was born in Friedrichstadt (now Jaunjelgava in Latvia) on November 18, 1874. Attending school in Moscow, he later attended the gymnasium in Orenburg. He and his family immigrated to the United States in 1888, quickly settling on a farm in Woodbine, New Jersey, where he learned about agriculture. In 1894, he enrolled into Rutgers College to study agricultural science and its founding principles, coming under the influence of E. V. Voorhees. He later attended Cornell University to study advanced chemistry and bacteriology. Lipman was appointed to the Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station in charge of its Department of Soil Chemistry and Bacteriology. Soon afterward, he became an instructor, then professor, of agricultural chemistry at nearby Rutgers College.", "title": "Jacob Goodale Lipman" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became a kingdom. At its zenith (95–65 BC), the state extended from the Caucasus all the way to what is now central Turkey, Lebanon, and northern Iran. The imperial reign of Tigranes the Great is thus the span of time during which Armenia itself conquered areas populated by other peoples.", "title": "Armenians" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millican is a town in Brazos County, Texas, United States. The population was 240 at the 2010 census, up from 108 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Bryan–College Station metropolitan area. Millican is named after Robert Millican, the first white settler of the region that would come to be known as Brazos County.", "title": "Millican, Texas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fair Play Men were illegal settlers (squatters) who established their own system of self-rule from 1773 to 1785 in the West Branch Susquehanna River valley of Pennsylvania in what is now the United States. Because they settled in territory claimed by Native Americans, they had no recourse to the Pennsylvania colonial government. Accordingly they established what was known as the Fair Play System, with three elected commissioners who ruled on land claims and other issues for the group. In a remarkable coincidence, the Fair Play Men made their own declaration of independence from Britain on July 4, 1776 beneath the \"Tiadaghton Elm\" on the banks of Pine Creek.", "title": "Fair Play Men" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Užice ( / ) was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in occupied Yugoslavia, more specifically the western part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia. The Republic was established by the Partisan resistance movement and its administrative center was in the town of Užice.", "title": "Republic of Užice" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The movement to create a territory within the present boundaries of Colorado followed nearly immediately. Citizens of Denver and Golden pushed for territorial status of the newly settled region within a year of the founding of the towns. The movement was promoted by William Byers, publisher of the Rocky Mountain News, and by Larimer, who aspired to be the first territorial governor. In 1859, settlers established the Territory of Jefferson, and held elections, but the United States Congress did not recognize the territory, and it never gained legal status.", "title": "Colorado Territory" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry Thacker attended Boys' High School and then Canterbury College (what is now known as the University of Canterbury), from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. He then enrolled at Edinburgh University where he gained his M.B. and C.M. diplomas in 1895. Two years later he gained a fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin.", "title": "Henry Thacker" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eastern Bengal and Assam was an administrative subdivision (province) of the British Raj between 1905 and 1912. Headquartered in the city of Dacca, it covered territories in what are now Bangladesh, Northeast India and Northern West Bengal.", "title": "Eastern Bengal and Assam" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Centre Daily Times is a daily newspaper located in State College, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the hometown newspaper for State College and the Pennsylvania State University, one of the best-known and largest universities in the country, with more than 45,000 students attending the main campus.", "title": "Centre Daily Times" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Massachusetts was first colonized by principally English Europeans in the early 17th century, and became the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the 18th century. Prior to English colonization of the area, it was inhabited by a variety of mainly Algonquian language indigenous tribes. The first permanent English settlement in New England came in 1620 with the founding of Plymouth Colony by the Pilgrims who sailed on the Mayflower. It set precedents but never grew large. A large - scale Puritan migration began in 1630 with the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and spawned the settlement of other New England colonies. Friction with the natives erupted in the high - casualty King Philip's War in the 1670s. Puritanism was the established religion and was strictly enforced; dissenters were exiled. The Colony clashed with Anglican opponents in England over its religious intolerance and the status of its charter. Most people were farmers. Businessmen established wide - ranging trade links, sending ships to the West Indies and Europe, and sometimes shipping goods in violation of the Navigation Acts. These political and trade issues led to the revocation of the Massachusetts charter in 1684.", "title": "History of Massachusetts" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The MIT Blackjack Team was a group of students and ex-students from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, and other leading colleges who used card counting techniques and more sophisticated strategies to beat casinos at blackjack worldwide. The team and its successors operated successfully from 1979 through the beginning of the 21st century. Many other blackjack teams have been formed around the world with the goal of beating the casinos.", "title": "MIT Blackjack Team" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the early 1850s American settlers began agitating to separate the area north of the Columbia River from Oregon Territory. The agitation resulted in Congress creating Washington Territory. Isaac I. Stevens served as its first governor. Upon his arrival in 1853, Stevens designated Olympia capital of the new territory. The first territorial legislature convened early in 1854 at the Parker and Colter store on Main Street (now Capital Way) between State Street and Olympia Ave. Olympia's Daniel Bigelow represented Thurston County in the first three legislatures. His family home still stands, now known as Bigelow House Museum, Olympia's oldest surviving home.", "title": "History of Olympia, Washington" } ]

[ { "answer": "Harvard Business School", "id": 121331, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "The college Euvin Naidoo attended was what?", "raw_question": "The college Euvin Naidoo attended was what?", "statement": "Euvin Naidoo attended Harvard Business School." }, { "answer": "Massachusetts", "id": 164954, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Harvard Business School >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Euvin Naidoo attended business school in Massachusetts." }, { "answer": "1620", "id": 75527, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "when did the first settlers come to Massachusetts", "raw_question": "when did the first settlers come to #2", "statement": "The first settlers came to Massachusetts in 1620." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Schermützelsee is a lake in Brandenburg, Germany. It is located in the town of Buckow in the district Märkisch-Oderland northwest of Müncheberg and east of the Berlin centre. With its surface area of 1.37 km² it is the largest water in the hill country „Märkische Schweiz“ and in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park.", "title": "Schermützelsee" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Indus and Brahmaputra rivers originate from a lake (Tib: Tso Mapham) in Western Tibet, near Mount Kailash. The mountain is a holy pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Tibetans. The Hindus consider the mountain to be the abode of Lord Shiva. The Tibetan name for Mt. Kailash is Khang Rinpoche. Tibet has numerous high-altitude lakes referred to in Tibetan as tso or co. These include Qinghai Lake, Lake Manasarovar, Namtso, Pangong Tso, Yamdrok Lake, Siling Co, Lhamo La-tso, Lumajangdong Co, Lake Puma Yumco, Lake Paiku, Lake Rakshastal, Dagze Co and Dong Co. The Qinghai Lake (Koko Nor) is the largest lake in the People's Republic of China.", "title": "Tibet" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first celluloid as a bulk material for forming objects was made in 1855 in Birmingham, England, by Alexander Parkes, who was never able to see his invention reach full fruition, after his firm went bankrupt due to scale - up costs. Parkes patented his discovery after realising a solid residue remained after evaporation of the solvent from photographic collodion.", "title": "Celluloid" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chad has several regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second - largest in Africa. The capital N'Djamena is the largest city.", "title": "Chad" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bosten Lake (, Uyghur: / / \"Baghrash Köli / Baƣrax Kɵli\", Chagatai: \"Bostang\") is a freshwater lake on the northeastern rim of the Tarim Basin, about east of Yanqi and northeast of Korla, Xinjiang, China in the Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. Covering an area of about (together with adjacent small lakes), it is the largest lake in Xinjiang and one of the largest inland freshwater lakes in China. Bosten lake receives water inflow from a catchment area of .", "title": "Bosten Lake" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Superior is the largest of the Great Lakes of North America. The lake is shared by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north, the US state of Minnesota to the west, and Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the south. It is generally considered the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area. It is the world's third - largest freshwater lake by volume and the largest by volume in North America. The furthest north and west of the Great Lakes chain, Superior has the highest elevation and drains into the St. Mary's River.", "title": "Lake Superior" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SS Edmund Fitzgerald was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank in a Lake Superior storm on November 10, 1975, with the loss of the entire crew of 29. When launched on June 7, 1958, she was the largest ship on North America's Great Lakes, and she remains the largest to have sunk there.", "title": "SS Edmund Fitzgerald" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wang Chong (; 27 – c. 100 AD), courtesy name Zhongren (仲任), was a Chinese meteorologist, astronomer, and philosopher active during the Han Dynasty. He developed a rational, secular, naturalistic and mechanistic account of the world and of human beings and gave a materialistic explanation of the origin of the universe. His main work was the \"Lunheng\" (論衡, \"Critical Essays\"). This book contained many theories involving early sciences of astronomy and meteorology, and Wang Chong was even the first in Chinese history to mention the use of the square-pallet chain pump, which became common in irrigation and public works in China thereafter. Wang also accurately described the process of the water cycle.", "title": "Wang Chong" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tatlatui Range is a large and very alpine mountain range on the east flank of the upper Skeena River in northern British Columbia, Canada. It has an area of 2307 km and is a subrange of the Omineca Mountains which in turn form part of the Interior Mountains. The range features several lakes, the largest of which, Thutade Lake, is at the head of the Finlay River, and is considered the ultimate source of the Mackenzie River. Tatlatui Lake, the next largest lake in the range, to the northwest of Thutade Lake, is at the head of the Firesteel River, a tributary of the Finlay. Various summits of the range, which as described separates the Pacific and Arctic drainages, form part of the Continental Divide. Most of the range and its lakes are in Tatlatui Provincial Park.", "title": "Tatlatui Range" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 449,964 km2 (173,732 sq mi), Sweden is the 55th-largest country in the world, the 4th-largest country entirely in Europe, and the largest in Northern Europe. The lowest elevation in Sweden is in the bay of Lake Hammarsjön, near Kristianstad, at −2.41 m (−7.91 ft) below sea level. The highest point is Kebnekaise at 2,111 m (6,926 ft) above sea level.", "title": "Sweden" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth. Although others disagreed with his model, Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds.", "title": "Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Lesina (Italian: Lago di Lesina or Laguna di Lesina), situated in the north of Apulia between Tavoliere delle Puglie and the promontory of Gargano, is the ninth largest lake in Italy and the second largest in the southern part of the country. It is about 22 km long, an average of 2.4 km wide, and covers an area of 51.4 square kilometres.", "title": "Lake Lesina" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2015, most of the world's lithium production is in South America, where lithium - containing brine is extracted from underground pools and concentrated by solar evaporation. The standard extraction technique is to evaporate water from brine. Each batch takes from 18 to 24 months.", "title": "Lithium" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nilakka is a rather large lake in Northern Savonia, Finland. With the area of nearly 169 km² it is the 25th largest lake in the country. It's a shallow lake, connected by canals to upper Lake Pielavesi and lower Iisvesi.", "title": "Nilakka" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Michigan has a surface area of 22,404 sq.mi (58,026 km2); (13,237 square miles, 34,284 km2 lying in Michigan state, 7,358 square miles, 19,056 km2 in Wisconsin, 234 square miles, 606 km2 in Indiana, & 1,576 square miles, 4,079 km2 in Illinois) making it the largest lake entirely within one country by surface area (Lake Baikal, in Russia, is larger by water volume), and the fifth-largest lake in the world. It is the larger half of Lake Michigan–Huron, which is the largest body of fresh water in the world by surface area. It is 307 miles (494 km) long by 118 miles (190 km) wide with a shoreline 1,640 miles (2,640 km) long. The lake's average depth is 46 fathoms 3 feet (279 ft; 85 m), while its greatest depth is 153 fathoms 5 feet (923 ft; 281 m). It contains a volume of 1,180 cubic miles (4,918 km³) of water. Green Bay in the northwest is its largest bay. Grand Traverse Bay in its northeast is another large bay. Lake Michigan's deepest region, which lies in its northern-half, is called Chippewa Basin (named after prehistoric Lake Chippewa) and is separated from South Chippewa Basin, by a relatively deeper area called the Mid Lake Plateau.", "title": "Lake Michigan" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malawi (, or ; or [maláwi]), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. Malawi spans over and has an estimated population of (as of July ). Lake Malawi takes up about a third of Malawi's area. Its capital is Lilongwe, which is also Malawi's largest city; the second largest is Blantyre, the third largest is Mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital Zomba. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area. The country is also nicknamed \"\"The Warm Heart of Africa\"\" because of the friendliness of the people.", "title": "Malawi" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes islands consist of about 35,000 islands (scattered throughout Great Lakes), created by uneven glacial activity in the Great Lakes Basin in Canada (Ontario) and the United States. The largest of these is Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron in the province of Ontario. At 1,068 square miles (2,766 km2), it is the largest lake island in the world.", "title": "List of islands of the Great Lakes" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. John Augustus Just (January 9, 1854 – September 13, 1908) was a German-born chemist and inventor. He is best known for his investigative work into recovery of precious metals from their ores and for completing the process for evaporating milk. For his scientific achievements, he was awarded a medal by the committee celebrating Berthelot's 50th anniversary.", "title": "John Augustus Just" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taihu, literally the Great Lake, also known as Lake Tai or Lake Taihu, rest in the Yangtze Delta plain, is one of the largest freshwater lakes in China. The lake belongs to Jiangsu and the southern shore forms its border with Zhejiang. With an area of 2,250 square kilometers (869 sq mi) and an average depth of 2 meters (6.6 ft), it is the third-largest freshwater lake in China, after Poyang and Dongting. The lake houses about 90 islands, ranging in size from a few square meters to several square kilometers.", "title": "Lake Tai" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ravalli (Salish: sk̓ʷɫólqʷe, sk̓ʷɫʔó) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lake County, Montana, United States. The population was 119 at the 2000 census. At one time Charlie Allard, the country's leading expert on breeding bison, owned the country's largest herd of buffalo in Ravalli.", "title": "Ravalli, Montana" } ]

[ { "answer": "Wang Chong", "id": 32903, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Who was able to describe the process of evaporation?", "raw_question": "Who was able to describe the process of evaporation?", "statement": "Wang Chong was able to describe the process of evaporation." }, { "answer": "China", "id": 103178, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "What country was Wang Chong in?", "raw_question": "What country was #1 in?", "statement": "Wang Chong was in China." }, { "answer": "Qinghai Lake", "id": 26608, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Which lake is the largest in China ?", "raw_question": "Which lake is the largest in #2 ?", "statement": "Qinghai Lake is the largest lake in China." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts is an executive branch position created by the Texas Constitution. As with nearly every other executive branch head in Texas, the Comptroller is popularly elected every four years concurrently with the governor and the other elected executive branch positions (elections take place in even number years not divisible by four; e.g., 2006, 2010, and so on). The current Comptroller is Glenn Hegar, who took office on January 2, 2015.", "title": "Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harlan Mathews (January 17, 1927 – May 9, 2014) was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1993 to 1994. He had previously served in the executive and legislative branches of state government in Tennessee for more than 40 years beginning in 1950.", "title": "Harlan Mathews" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The politics of Norway take place in the framework of a Parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the Council of State, the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the legislature, the Storting, elected within a multi-party system. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch and the legislature.", "title": "Politics of Norway" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 26th Amendment (passed and ratified in 1971) prevents states from setting a voting age higher than 18. Except for the express limitations provided for in Amendments XIV, XV, XIX and XXVI, voter qualifications for House and Senate elections are largely delegated to the States under Article I, Section 2 and Amendment XVII of the United States Constitution, which respectively state that ``The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. ''and`` The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.''", "title": "Voting age" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vegetative Sculpture I is a public art work by artist Bernhard Heiliger located at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The sculpture has an abstract form; it is installed on the patio.", "title": "Vegetative Sculpture I" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The government of Florida is established and operated according to the Constitution of Florida and is composed of three branches of government: the executive branch consisting of the Governor of Florida and the other elected and appointed constitutional officers; the legislative branch, the Florida Legislature, consisting of the Senate and House; and the judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of Florida and lower courts. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, and ratification.", "title": "Government of Florida" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Possibly in part due to expedited federal habeas corpus procedures embodied in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the pace of executions picked up, reaching a peak of 98 in 1999 and then they declined gradually to 28 in 2015. Since the death penalty was reauthorized in 1976, 1,411 people have been executed, almost exclusively by the states, with most occurring after 1990. Texas has accounted for over one-third of modern executions (although only two death sentences were imposed in Texas during 2015, with the courts preferring to issue sentences of life without parole instead) and over four times as many as Oklahoma, the state with the second-highest number. California has the greatest number of prisoners on death row, has issued the highest number of death sentences but has held relatively few executions.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kentucky State Capitol is located in Frankfort and is the house of the three branches (executive, legislative, judicial) of the state government of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "Kentucky State Capitol" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Evan Thomas, FSA (15 January 1810 – 9 October 1873) was a Welsh sculptor, notable for many sculptures both in Wales and elsewhere in the UK, such as his portrait sculptures in London. He was especially notable for the \"Death of Tewdrig\" which was exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851, and for his two bronze statues of \"Henry de Loundres\" and \"William, Earl of Pembroke\" in the chamber of the House of Lords .", "title": "John Evan Thomas" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The presiding officer of the Senate is the President of the Senate. A President Pro Tempore, usually a high - ranking member of the majority party, acts as President in case of the temporary disability of the President. In case of the death, resignation, or permanent disability of the President or in the event of the succession of the President to the executive power, the President Pro Tempore becomes President. The Senate also has as an officer the Secretary of the Senate.", "title": "Georgia State Senate" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vice President of the United States Seal of the Vice President Flag of the Vice President Incumbent Mike Pence since January 20, 2017 Legislative branch of the U.S. government Executive branch of the U.S. government Office of the Vice President Style Mr. Vice President (informal) The Honorable (formal) Mr. President (as President of the Senate) His Excellency (international correspondence) Status Second - highest executive branch officer President of the Senate Member of Cabinet National Security Council United States Senate (Ex officio) Residence Number One Observatory Circle Seat Washington, D.C. Nominator President of the United States, Political parties Appointer Electoral College of the United States Term length 4 years, no term limit Constituting instrument United States Constitution Formation March 4, 1789 (229 years ago) (1789 - 03 - 04) First holder John Adams April 21, 1789 Succession First Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate (in the Senate) Salary US $230,700 annually Website www.whitehouse.gov", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bernhard Heiliger (11 November 1915, Stettin - 25 October 1995, Berlin) was a German artist. He was considered \"West Germany's foremost sculptor\", and his large public artworks are a prominent presence in many German cities, especially Berlin.", "title": "Bernhard Heiliger" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: \"They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death penalty. There's a widely held perception that all Americans are united in favor of executions, but this message came across loud and clear that many people are not happy with it.\" Brian Evans of Amnesty International, which led the campaign to spare Davis's life, said that there was a groundswell in America of people \"who are tired of a justice system that is inhumane and inflexible and allows executions where there is clear doubts about guilt\". He predicted the debate would now be conducted with renewed energy.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Federal Government of Nigeria Coat of arms of Nigeria Formation 1963; 55 years ago (1963) Founding document Constitution of Nigeria Jurisdiction Nigeria Legislative branch Legislature National Assembly Meeting place National Assembly Complex Executive branch Leader President of Nigeria Headquarters Aso Rock Presidential Villa Main organ Cabinet Judicial branch Court Supreme Court Seat Abuja, FCT", "title": "Federal government of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cabinet of South Africa is the most senior level of the executive branch of the Government of South Africa. It is made up of the President, the Deputy President, and the Ministers.", "title": "Cabinet of South Africa" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gracehoper is a public artwork by American artist Tony Smith, located in the Louisville Waterfront Park, which is in Louisville, Kentucky. This large-scale sculpture, measuring twenty-two feet high and forty six feet long, was fabricated by Lippincott, Inc in 1988, eight years after Smith's death, at a cost of one million dollars. The sculpture is made of welded steel that has been painted black.", "title": "Gracehoper (2/3)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Secret Bench of Knowledge (formerly Secret Bench, Lost Paradise) is a sculpture created by Canadian artist Lea Vivot and produced in multiple castings. A prominent one is located at the entrance to the Wellington Street Library and Archives Canada in Ottawa, where it was initially placed in 1989 on the artist's own initiative. One year later Vivot removed it and it was replaced four years later by Eugene Boccia from Toronto. The sculpture was unveiled at about 9 AM on the morning of May 1, 1994 in front of a crowd of about 3000 people. The sculpture has many messages inscribed on it, written by school children, about the importance and pleasure of reading.", "title": "The Secret Bench of Knowledge" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, only ten people besides Gilmore (who had waived all of his appeal rights) were actually executed prior to 1984.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current Constitution of Missouri, the fourth constitution for the state, was adopted in 1945. It provides for three branches of government: the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. The legislative branch consists of two bodies: the House of Representatives and the Senate. These bodies comprise the Missouri General Assembly.", "title": "Missouri" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bernhard Heiliger", "id": 107866, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "The Vegetative Sculpture I was made by whom?", "raw_question": "The Vegetative Sculpture I was made by whom?", "statement": "Bernhard Heiliger created The Vegetative Sculpture I." }, { "answer": "Berlin", "id": 490108, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Bernhard Heiliger >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Bernhard Heiliger died in Berlin." }, { "answer": "eight", "id": 29562, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "How many people are in the executive branch senate in Berlin ?", "raw_question": "How many people are in the executive branch senate in #2 ?", "statement": "Berlin has an eight-member executive branch senate." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following table is a list of all 50 states and their respective dates of statehood. The first 13 became states in July 1776 upon agreeing to the United States Declaration of Independence, and each joined the first Union of states between 1777 and 1781, upon ratifying the Articles of Confederation, its first constitution. (A separate table is included below showing AoC ratification dates.) These states are presented in the order in which each ratified the 1787 Constitution, thus joining the present federal Union of states. The date of admission listed for each subsequent state is the official date set by Act of Congress.", "title": "List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "FBI is an American drama television series by Dick Wolf that airs on the 2018 -- 19 United States network television schedule on CBS, where it premiered on September 25, 2018. FBI received a straight - to - series commission for 13 episodes on September 20, 2017. On October 11, 2018, it was announced that the series had received a full season order from CBS.", "title": "FBI (TV series)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The statehood movement in Puerto Rico aims to make Puerto Rico a state of the United States. Five referenda have been held on the topic, most recently in 2017. The population of Puerto Rico as of 2015 was over 3 million people and larger than 21 states.", "title": "Statehood movement in Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series follows an elite unit of United States Navy SEALs portrayed by David Boreanaz, Max Thieriot, Jessica Paré, Neil Brown Jr., A.J. Buckley and Toni Trucks. SEAL Team received a pilot order from CBS in January 2017, and was ordered to series in May 2017. The series received a full - season order on October 12, 2017, bringing the first season to a total of 22 episodes. On March 27, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a second season which is set to premiere on October 3, 2018.", "title": "SEAL Team (TV series)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Puerto Rico is designated in its constitution as the \"Commonwealth of Puerto Rico\". The Constitution of Puerto Rico which became effective in 1952 adopted the name of Estado Libre Asociado (literally translated as \"Free Associated State\"), officially translated into English as Commonwealth, for its body politic. The island is under the jurisdiction of the Territorial Clause of the U.S. Constitution, which has led to doubts about the finality of the Commonwealth status for Puerto Rico. In addition, all people born in Puerto Rico become citizens of the U.S. at birth (under provisions of the Jones–Shafroth Act in 1917), but citizens residing in Puerto Rico cannot vote for president nor for full members of either house of Congress. Statehood would grant island residents full voting rights at the Federal level. The Puerto Rico Democracy Act (H.R. 2499) was approved on April 29, 2010, by the United States House of Representatives 223–169, but was not approved by the Senate before the end of the 111th Congress. It would have provided for a federally sanctioned self-determination process for the people of Puerto Rico. This act would provide for referendums to be held in Puerto Rico to determine the island's ultimate political status. It had also been introduced in 2007.", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Montana statehood until 1889. Congress approved Montana statehood in February 1889 and President Grover Cleveland signed an omnibus bill granting statehood to Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington once the appropriate state constitutions were crafted. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution acceptable by the people and the federal government. On November 8, 1889 President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the forty-first state in the union. The first state governor was Joseph K. Toole. In the 1880s, Helena (the current state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city.", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The California State Legislature, with the support of Governor John Bigler, moved to Sacramento in 1854. The capital of California under Spanish (and, subsequently, Mexican) rule had been Monterey, where in 1849 the first Constitutional Convention and state elections were held. The convention decided that San Jose would be the new state's capital. After 1850, when California's statehood was ratified, the legislature met in San Jose until 1851, Vallejo in 1852, and Benicia in 1853, before moving to Sacramento. In the 1879 Constitutional Convention, Sacramento was named to be the permanent state capital.", "title": "Sacramento, California" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Haryana (IPA: (ɦərɪˈjaːɳaː)), (Urdu: ہریانہ ‎), is one of the 29 states in India, situated in North India. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 November 1966 on a linguistic basis. It stands 21st in terms of its area, which is spread about 44,212 km (17,070 sq mi). As of 2011 census of India, the state is eighteenth largest by population with 25,353,081 inhabitants. The city of Chandigarh is its capital while the National Capital Region city of Faridabad is the most populous city of the state and the city of Gurugram is financial hub of NCR with major Fortune 500 companies located in it.", "title": "Haryana" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series follows an elite unit of United States Navy SEALs portrayed by David Boreanaz, Max Thieriot, Jessica Paré, Neil Brown Jr., A.J. Buckley and Toni Trucks. SEAL Team received a pilot order from CBS in January 2017, and was ordered to series in May 2017. The series received a full - season order on October 12, 2017, bringing the first season to a total of 22 episodes. On March 27, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a second season.", "title": "SEAL Team (TV series)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Statehood for Alaska was an important cause of James Wickersham early in his tenure as a congressional delegate. Decades later, the statehood movement gained its first real momentum following a territorial referendum in 1946. The Alaska Statehood Committee and Alaska's Constitutional Convention would soon follow. Statehood supporters also found themselves fighting major battles against political foes, mostly in the U.S. Congress but also within Alaska. Statehood was approved by Congress on July 7, 1958. Alaska was officially proclaimed a state on January 3, 1959.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mildred Robinson Hermann (February 28, 1891 – March 16, 1964) was an American lawyer. She was the first woman lawyer in Juneau, Alaska. Hermann has been called the \"Queen Mother of the Alaskan Statehood,\" due to her leadership in Alaska becoming a state. She was a signer of the Alaska State Constitution. In 2009, she was named to the Alaska Women's Hall of Fame.", "title": "Mildred Hermann" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Washington, D.C. is often mentioned as a candidate for statehood. In Federalist No. 43 of The Federalist Papers, James Madison considered the implications of the definition of the \"seat of government\" found in the United States Constitution. Although he noted potential conflicts of interest, and the need for a \"municipal legislature for local purposes,\" Madison did not address the district's role in national voting. Legal scholars disagree on whether a simple act of Congress can admit the District as a state, due to its status as the seat of government of the United States, which Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution requires to be under the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress; depending on the interpretation of this text, admission of the full District as a state may require a Constitutional amendment, which is much more difficult to enact. However, the Constitution does not set a minimum size for the District. Its size has already changed once before, when Virginia reclaimed the portion of the District south of the Potomac. So the constitutional requirement for a federal district can be satisfied by reducing its size to the small central core of government buildings and monuments, giving the rest of the territory to the new state.", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1817 elected delegates wrote a constitution and applied to Congress for statehood. On Dec. 10, 1817, the western portion of Mississippi Territory became the State of Mississippi, the 20th state of the Union. Natchez, long established as a major river port, was the first state capital. As more population came into the state and future growth was anticipated, in 1822 the capital was moved to the more central location of Jackson.", "title": "History of Mississippi" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Manushi Chhillar (born 14 May 1997) is an Indian model and the winner of the Miss World 2017 pageant. She represented the state of Haryana at the Femina Miss India 2017 pageant, which she won. Chhillar is the sixth Indian woman to win the Miss World pageant.", "title": "Manushi Chhillar" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miss World 2017 was the 67th edition of the Miss World pageant, held on 18 November 2017 at the Sanya City Arena in Sanya, China. 118 contestants from all over the world competed for the crown. Stephanie Del Valle of Puerto Rico crowned her successor Manushi Chhillar of India at the end of the event. Chhillar is the sixth Indian woman to win Miss World, tying India for the most title wins with Venezuela.", "title": "Miss World 2017" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution \"is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both. In its foundation, it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national...\" This stems from the fact that states in the US maintain all sovereignty that they do not yield to the federation by their own consent. This was reaffirmed by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Manushi Chhillar (1997 - 05 - 14) 14 May 1997 (age 20) Rohtak, Haryana, India Education St. Thomas' School Alma mater Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College Occupation Model beauty pageant titleholder Height 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Title Femina Miss Haryana 2017 Femina Miss India 2017 Miss World 2017 Beauty pageant titleholder Hair color Black Eye color Brown Major competition (s) Femina Miss Haryana 2017 (Winner) Femina Miss India 2017 (Winner) Miss World 2017 (Winner)", "title": "Manushi Chhillar" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the Republic of India, a chief minister is the head of government of each of twenty-nine states and two union territories (Delhi and Puducherry). According to the Constitution of India, at the state-level, the governor is de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the state legislative assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given he has the assembly's confidence, the chief minister's term is usually for a maximum of five years; there are no limits to the number of terms he or she can serve.Since June 2018, the office of Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir has been vacant; President's rule is in force there. Of the thirty incumbents, only one is a woman—Mamata Banerjee in West Bengal. Serving since March 2000 (for 19 years, 107 days), Odisha's Naveen Patnaik has the longest incumbency. Amarinder Singh (b. 1942) of Punjab is the oldest chief minister while Arunachal Pradesh's Pema Khandu (b. 1979) is the youngest. Twelve incumbents belong to the Bharatiya Janata Party and five to the Indian National Congress; no other party has more than one chief minister in office.", "title": "List of current Indian chief ministers" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since 1952, five people have been Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh. Three of these belonged to the Indian National Congress party, including inaugural office - holder Yashwant Singh Parmar. After his first term ended in 1956, Himachal Pradesh was made a union territory, and the office of Chief Minister ceased to exist. In 1963, Parmar once again became Chief Minister, and during his reign, in 1971, Himachal regained full statehood. Until March 2015, when he was surpassed by Virbhadra Singh, Parmar was the state's longest - serving chief minister. Since 1993, the chief ministership has changed hands every five years between Virbhadra Singh of the Congress and Prem Kumar Dhumal of the Bharatiya Janata Party. The current incumbent is Jai Ram Thakur of the Bharatiya Janata Party having been sworn in on 27 December 2017.", "title": "List of chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2016, the WHO has 194 member states: all of them Member States of the United Nations except for the Cook Islands and Niue. (A state becomes a full member of WHO by ratifying the treaty known as the Constitution of the World Health Organization.) As of 2013, it also had two associate members, Puerto Rico and Tokelau. Several other countries have been granted observer status. Palestine is an observer as a ``national liberation movement ''recognized by the League of Arab States under United Nations Resolution 3118. The Holy See also attends as an observer, as does the Order of Malta. In 2010, Taiwan was invited under the name of`` Chinese Taipei''.", "title": "World Health Organization" } ]

[ { "answer": "India", "id": 162325, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "what constitution?", "raw_question": "what constitution?", "statement": "The answer is not clear from the given information. The sub-question \"what constitution\" does not provide enough context to determine which constitution is being referred to." }, { "answer": "Haryana", "id": 71606, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "miss world 2017 belongs to which state of India", "raw_question": "miss world 2017 belongs to which state of #1", "statement": "Manushi Chhillar, who is from Haryana, was crowned Miss World 2017." }, { "answer": "1 November 1966", "id": 70763, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "when did Haryana receive the status of full statehood", "raw_question": "when did #2 receive the status of full statehood", "statement": "Haryana received the status of full statehood on 1 November 1966." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the south and southwestern parts of the US, the Hot 'n Spicy variant is sold. It originated as a nationwide menu item in January 2006, but by June of that year, McDonald's confirmed it had been discontinued due to soft sales. In March 2013, McDonald's re-introduced the Hot' n Spicy across the country to what was then called the Dollar Menu. In November 2013, as part of the chain's Dollar Menu & More revamp, the McChicken (and the Hot 'n Spicy) could be ordered as a Buffalo Ranch McChicken, which is a McChicken with Buffalo and Ranch sauce instead of mayonnaise, or a Bacon Buffalo Ranch, which is a Buffalo Ranch McChicken with bacon. As of June 2015, the Hot' n Spicy is no longer available nationally.", "title": "McChicken" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution of the United States of America provides that the United States Congress has the power \"To coin money\". Laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U.S.C. § 5112. Section 5112 prescribes the forms, in which the United States dollars should be issued. These coins are both designated in Section 5112 as \"legal tender\" in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar. The pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins, which have values ranging from one cent to 50 dollars. These other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar.", "title": "United States dollar" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The TMG EV P001 is a road-legal electric vehicle developed by Toyota Motorsport GmbH. It is based on a Radical chassis as modified for e-Wolf, with two EVO Electric axial flux motors powered by a lithium-ceramic battery pack. It was developed originally for a customer in 2010.", "title": "TMG EV P001" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America. Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March 1862, the first $2 bill was issued as a Legal Tender Note (United States Note) with a portrait of Alexander Hamilton; the portrait of Hamilton used was a profile view and is not the same portrait used currently for the $10 bill. The continental congress based on defending the United States, released on June 25, 1776, began to authorize $2 credit, the circulation of 49,000 copies. Pass two - dollar bill was first used in March 1862. Between 1966 and 1976, two - dollar notes were not printed.", "title": "United States two-dollar bill" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Representatives from indigenous and rural organizations from major South American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile and Brazil, started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change. The meeting condemned plans by the European \"foreign power elite\" to destabilize the country. The forum also expressed solidarity with the Morales and his economic and social changes in the interest of historically marginalized majorities. Furthermore, in a cathartic blow to the US-backed elite, it questioned US interference through diplomats and NGOs. The forum was suspicious of plots against Bolivia and other countries, including Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Paraguay and Nicaragua.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rank Country / Region lithium mine production (tonnes) World 36,000 Australia 14,300 Chile 12,000 Argentina 5,700 China 2,000 Zimbabwe 900 6 Portugal 200 7 Brazil 200", "title": "List of countries by lithium production" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Denomination Front Reverse Portrait Reverse motif First series Latest series Circulation One Dollar George Washington Great Seal of the United States Series 1935 Series 2017 Wide Two Dollars Thomas Jefferson Trumbull's Declaration of Independence Series 1976 Series 2013 Limited Five Dollars Abraham Lincoln Lincoln Memorial Series 2006 Series 2013 Wide Ten Dollars Alexander Hamilton U.S. Treasury Series 2004A Series 2013 Wide Twenty Dollars Andrew Jackson White House Series 2004 Series 2013 Wide Fifty Dollars Ulysses S. Grant United States Capitol Series 2004 Series 2013 Wide One Hundred Dollars Benjamin Franklin Independence Hall Series 2009 Series 2013 Wide", "title": "United States dollar" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The dollar was first based on the value and look of the Spanish dollar, used widely in Spanish America from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The first dollar coins issued by the United States Mint (founded 1792) were similar in size and composition to the Spanish dollar, minted in Mexico and Peru. The Spanish, U.S. silver dollars, and later, Mexican silver pesos circulated side by side in the United States, and the Spanish dollar and Mexican peso remained legal tender until the Coinage Act of 1857. The coinage of various English colonies also circulated. The lion dollar was popular in the Dutch New Netherland Colony (New York), but the lion dollar also circulated throughout the English colonies during the 17th century and early 18th century. Examples circulating in the colonies were usually worn so that the design was not fully distinguishable, thus they were sometimes referred to as \"dog dollars\".", "title": "United States dollar" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Salinas Grandes mine is one of the largest lithium mines in Argentina. The mine is located in northern Argentina in Jujuy Province. The Salinas Grandes mine has reserves amounting to 20 million tonnes of lithium ore grading 1.2% lithium thus resulting 293,000 tonnes of lithium.", "title": "Salinas Grandes mine" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As of 2015, most of the world's lithium production is in South America, where lithium - containing brine is extracted from underground pools and concentrated by solar evaporation. The standard extraction technique is to evaporate water from brine. Each batch takes from 18 to 24 months.", "title": "Lithium" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar. It is the third largest American coin currently minted in terms of physical size, with a diameter of 1.043 inches (26.5 mm) and a thickness of. 079 inches (2 mm), coming second to the half dollar. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. Dollar coins were first minted in the United States in 1794. The term silver dollar is often used for any large white metal coin issued by the United States with a face value of one dollar, whether or not it contains some of that metal. While true gold dollars are no longer minted, the Sacagawea and Presidential dollars are sometimes referred to as golden dollars due to their color.", "title": "Dollar coin (United States)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The US dollar became legal tender in Ecuador March 13, 2000, and sucre notes ceased being legal tender on September 11. Sucre notes remained exchangeable at Banco Central until March 30, 2001, at 25,000 sucres per dollar. Ecuador now only issues its own centavo coins.", "title": "Currency of Ecuador" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II. The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, and regulates financial institutions. The Royal Naval Dockyard Museum holds a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins.", "title": "Bermuda" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Central Bank of Liberia is responsible for printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar, which is the primary form of currency in Liberia. Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of 15%. GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). In 2011, the country's nominal GDP was US$1.154 billion, while nominal GDP per capita stood at US$297, the third-lowest in the world. Historically, the Liberian economy has depended heavily on foreign aid, foreign direct investment and exports of natural resources such as iron ore, rubber and timber.", "title": "Liberia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar. It is the second largest American coin currently minted for circulation in terms of physical size, with a diameter of 1.043 inches (26.5 mm) and a thickness of. 079 inches (2 mm), coming second to the half dollar. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. Dollar coins were first minted in the United States in 1794. The term silver dollar is often used for any large white metal coin issued by the United States with a face value of one dollar, whether or not it contains some of that metal. While true gold dollars are no longer minted, the Sacagawea and Presidential dollars are sometimes referred to as golden dollars due to their color.", "title": "Dollar coin (United States)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After World War II, the international financial system was governed by a formal agreement, the Bretton Woods System. Under this system the United States dollar was placed deliberately as the anchor of the system, with the US government guaranteeing other central banks that they could sell their US dollar reserves at a fixed rate for gold.", "title": "Reserve currency" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A billionaire, in countries that use the short scale number naming system, is a person with a net worth of at least one billion (1,000,000,000, i.e. a thousand million) units of a given currency, usually major currencies such as the United States dollar, the euro or the pound sterling. The American business magazine Forbes produces a complete global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an Internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed U.S. dollar billionaire in 1916. As of 2017, there are over 2,000 U.S. dollar billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over US $7.6 trillion. According to a 2017 Oxfam report, the top eight richest billionaires own as much combined wealth as ``half the human race ''.", "title": "Billionaire" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Though not commonly used today, half dollar coins have a long history of heavy use alongside other denominations of coinage, but have faded out of general circulation for many reasons. They were produced in fairly large quantities until the year 2002, when the U.S. Mint ceased production of the coin for general circulation. As a result of its decreasing usage, a large amount of pre-2002 half dollars remain in Federal Reserve vaults, prompting the change in production. Presently, collector half dollars can be ordered straight from the U.S. Mint, and pre-2002 circulation half dollars may be ordered through most U.S. banks.", "title": "Half dollar (United States coin)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ababel Yeshaneh Birhane (born 22 July 1991) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in track, road and cross country events. She represented her country in the 10,000 metres at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics, coming ninth, and ranked fifth in the world on time that year. She was a team silver medallist at the African Cross Country Championships in 2014.", "title": "Ababel Yeshaneh" } ]

[ { "answer": "South America", "id": 49391, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "where does most of the world's lithium come from", "raw_question": "where does most of the world's lithium come from", "statement": "Most of the world's lithium comes from South America." }, { "answer": "Ecuador", "id": 1955, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Of all the countries in South America , which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013?", "raw_question": "Of all the countries in #1 , which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013?", "statement": "Ecuador provided the most legal immigrants in 2013." }, { "answer": "March 13, 2000", "id": 53157, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "when did Ecuador change to the us dollar", "raw_question": "when did #2 change to the us dollar", "statement": "Ecuador changed to the US dollar on March 13, 2000." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shotley Brook is an unorganized territory in Beltrami County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 17 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Shotley Brook, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lotto 6/49 is one of three national lottery games in Canada. Launched on June 12, 1982, Lotto 6/49 was the first nationwide Canadian lottery game to allow players to choose their own numbers. Previous national games, such as the Olympic Lottery, Loto Canada and Superloto used pre-printed numbers on tickets. Lotto 6/49 led to the gradual phase-out of that type of lottery game in Canada.", "title": "Lotto 6/49" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New Jersey Lottery Commission New Jersey Lottery logo Agency overview Formed November 20, 1969 (1969 - 11 - 20) Jurisdiction State of New Jersey, U.S. Headquarters Lawrence Park Complex 1333 Brunswick Avenue Circle Trenton, NJ 08648 Motto Anything can happen in Jersey Employees 100 Agency executives Carole Hedinger, CPA, Executive Director Thomas Tucci, Jr., Chairman Frank V. Ragazzo, Vice Chairman Robert James D'Anton, Commissioner Parent agency New Jersey Department of the Treasury Key document N.J.S.A 5: 9 - 1 Website NJLottery.com", "title": "New Jersey Lottery" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry Ford Academy is the first charter school in the United States to be developed jointly by a global corporation, public education, and a major nonprofit cultural institution. The school is sponsored by the Ford Motor Company, Wayne County Regional Educational Service Agency and The Henry Ford Museum and admits high school students. It is located in Dearborn, Michigan on the campus of the Henry Ford museum. Enrollment is taken from a lottery in the area and totaled 467 in 2010.", "title": "Henry Ford Academy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of \"free association\" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated \"Compact Impact\" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed]", "title": "Guam" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Portis was born in 1933 to Samuel Palmer and Alice Waddell Portis in El Dorado, Arkansas. He was raised and educated in various towns in southern Arkansas, including Hamburg and Mount Holly.", "title": "Charles Portis" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When Tyler arrives, he sees Holly sitting in front of the fireplace, the first place he saw her the morning he woke up in her house previously. Holly tries recreating the weekend as Tyler runs around the house looking for Ali. He discovers Ali unconscious tied mid-air to the ceiling, forehead bleeding. He lowers her down, wakes her up, grabs a fire poker and starts trying to escape the house as Holly goes to get her gun. Tyler and Ali make it outside and before they get away, Holly stops them at gunpoint. Tyler tells Holly that he loves Ali and not her and he never will. Gil shows up behind them calling out Holly's name. Distracted, Holly shoots Tyler in the shoulder then attempts to shoot Gil but misses. Ali picks up the fire poker and stabs Holly in the side, causing Holly to fall back into the pool. Gil and Ali huddle around Tyler while waiting for the police to arrive.", "title": "You Get Me (film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom and Ireland business model is different from the U.S, in that fewer than 30 percent of restaurants are franchised, with the majority under the ownership of the company. McDonald's trains its franchisees and management at Hamburger University in Oak Brook, Illinois. In other countries, McDonald's restaurants are operated by joint ventures of McDonald's Corporation and other, local entities or governments.", "title": "McDonald's" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Immigration Act of 1990 was passed with bipartisan support and signed by President George H.W. Bush. The legislation established the current and permanent Diversity Visa (DV) program, where 55,000 immigrant visas (later reduced to 50,000) are available in an annual lottery. The lottery aims to diversify the immigrant population in the United States, by selecting applicants mostly from countries with low numbers of immigrants to the United States in the previous five years. Starting in fiscal year 1999, 5,000 of the visas from the DV program are reserved for use by the NACARA program, so the number of immigrant visas available in the lottery was reduced to 50,000.", "title": "Diversity Immigrant Visa" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Employer Identification Number (EIN), also known as the Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) or the Federal Tax Identification Number, is a unique nine - digit number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to business entities operating in the United States for the purposes of identification. When the number is used for identification rather than employment tax reporting, it is usually referred to as a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN), and when used for the purposes of reporting employment taxes, it is usually referred to as an EIN. These numbers are used for tax administration and must be not used for any other purpose. For example, the EIN should not be used in tax lien auction or sales, lotteries, etc.", "title": "Employer Identification Number" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Whitman College is one of the six residential colleges at Princeton University, New Jersey, United States. The college is named after Meg Whitman, former CEO of eBay, following her $30 million donation to build the college. The structure was designed by architect Demetri Porphyrios. Construction of Whitman College was completed in Fall of 2007; 2007–08 marked the inaugural academic year for the college.", "title": "Whitman College, Princeton University" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Holly Brooks (born April 17, 1982) is an American cross country skier from Seattle, Washington who competed for Whitman College in 2001–04 and has competed recreationally since 2009. She has four victories in lesser events up to 10 km, all earned in 2009. She was a late qualifier to the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, her second ever international skiing competition following the 2010 World Cup in Canmore.", "title": "Holly Brooks" } ]

[ { "answer": "Whitman College", "id": 541613, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Holly Brooks >> educated at", "raw_question": "Holly Brooks >> educated at", "statement": "Holly Brooks was educated at Whitman College." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "id": 315412, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Whitman College >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Whitman College is located in the state of Washington." }, { "answer": "November 20, 1969", "id": 67343, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "when did the lottery start in New Jersey", "raw_question": "when did the lottery start in #2", "statement": "The lottery started in New Jersey on November 20, 1969." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glenn Lewis Frey (/ fraɪ /; November 6, 1948 -- January 18, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, actor and founding member of the rock band the Eagles. Frey was the lead singer and frontman for the Eagles, roles he came to share with fellow member Don Henley, with whom he wrote most of the Eagles' material. Frey played guitar and keyboards as well as singing lead vocals on songs such as ``Take It Easy '',`` Peaceful Easy Feeling'', ``Tequila Sunrise '',`` Already Gone'', ``James Dean '',`` Lyin 'Eyes'', ``New Kid in Town '', and`` Heartache Tonight''.", "title": "Glenn Frey" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hugo Frey (26 August 187313 February 1952) was an American pianist, violinist, composer, songwriter, conductor, and arranger. He was a prolific editor for piano sheet music, the primary audience being the \"living room\" pianist, providing simplified arrangements of some of the more difficult pieces.", "title": "Hugo Frey (musician)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glenn Lewis Frey (/ fraɪ /; November 6, 1948 -- January 18, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter and actor, best known as a founding member of the rock band Eagles. Frey was the lead singer and frontman for the Eagles, roles he came to share with fellow member Don Henley, with whom he wrote most of the Eagles' material. Frey played guitar and keyboards as well as singing lead vocals on songs such as ``Take It Easy '',`` Peaceful Easy Feeling'', ``Tequila Sunrise '',`` Already Gone'', ``James Dean '',`` Lyin 'Eyes'', ``New Kid in Town '', and`` Heartache Tonight''.", "title": "Glenn Frey" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sender Freies Berlin (SFB) () was the ARD public radio and television service for West Berlin from 1 June 1954 until 1990 and for Berlin as a whole from German reunification until 30 April 2003. On 1 May 2003 it merged with Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg to form \"Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg\".", "title": "Sender Freies Berlin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Take It Easy ''is a song written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey, and recorded by the Eagles with Frey singing lead vocals. It was the band's first single, released on May 1, 1972. It peaked at No. 12 on the July 22, 1972 Billboard Hot 100 chart. It also was the opening track on the band's debut album Eagles and it has become one of their signature songs, included on all of their live and compilation albums. It is listed as one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.", "title": "Take It Easy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oldest living U.S. president is George H.W. Bush, born June 12, 1924 (age 93 years, 261 days). On November 25, 2017, he also became the longest - lived president, surpassing the lifespan of Gerald Ford, who died at the age of 93 years, 165 days. The second oldest living president, Jimmy Carter, has the distinction of having the longest post-presidency in U.S. history, currently at 37 years, 39 days. He surpassed the previous record, held by Herbert Hoover (31 years, 230 days) on September 7, 2012. The youngest living president is Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 (age 56 years, 208 days).", "title": "List of presidents of the United States by age" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ugolino di Nerio (1280? – 1349) was an Italian painter active in his native city of Siena and in Florence between the years 1317 and 1327.", "title": "Ugolino di Nerio" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benji, Zax & the Alien Prince is a live-action Hanna-Barbera and Mulberry Square children's science fiction television series created by Joe Camp, the creator of the Benji film franchise. The series aired Saturday mornings on CBS in 1983 with repeats airing in the United States and internationally for a number of years through the 1980s.", "title": "Benji, Zax & the Alien Prince" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Side two No. Title Writer (s) Lead vocals Length 1. ``Lyin 'Eyes ''Henley Frey Glenn Frey 6: 22 2.`` Take It to the Limit'' Henley Frey Meisner Meisner 4: 49 3. ``Visions ''Henley Felder Don Felder with Henley, Meisner, Bernie Leadon, and Frey 3: 58 4.`` After the Thrill is Gone'' Henley Frey Frey and Henley 3: 56 5. ``I Wish You Peace ''B. Leadon Patti Davis Leadon 3: 45", "title": "One of These Nights" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Unfolding is a public art work by artist Bernhard Heiliger located at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The sculpture has an abstract form; it is installed on the patio.", "title": "Unfolding (sculpture)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sons & Daughters is an American sitcom about an extended blended family living close together in a neighborhood. The producers, creator Fred Goss (who also is the star of the show), Lorne Michaels (who was a co-creator of \"Saturday Night Live\"), and Nick Holly, flavored the show with a mixed atmosphere of improvisational and scripted humor. The show premiered on March 7, 2006 on ABC. The show is produced by Broadway Video (which also produces \"Saturday Night Live\") and NBC Universal Television. It was canceled in late April 2006 after 10 episodes aired, leaving one unaired episode.", "title": "Sons & Daughters (2006 TV series)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gururaj Ananda Yogi (birth name: Purushottam Narsinhram Valodia, 3 March 1932 in Gujarat, India – 17 May 1988 in Cape Town, South Africa) was the founder of International Foundation of Spiritual Unfoldment and Foundation for International Spiritual Unfoldment (FISU), another meditation society, is also based on his teachings. Gururaj Ananda Yogi started giving satsang in his living room at his home in South Africa and during 1974 with the help of some of his disciples in South Africa started The South African Meditation Society and The International Foundation for Spiritual Unfoldment. On October 1974 Marguerite Cusley (alias Gita) a teacher from Transcendental meditation of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, organized for him a trip to the UK where Gururaj Ananda was introduced to many TM teachers from around the world and who soon joined his movement, The International Foundation for Spiritual Unfoldment (IFSU).", "title": "Gururaj Ananda Yogi" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond Abescat (September 10, 1891 in Paris – August 25, 2001 in Rueil-Malmaison) was one of the last surviving veterans of World War I in France, its oldest living man and its oldest living veteran when he died aged 109 years, 349 days.", "title": "Raymond Abescat" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sami Frey (born Samuel Frei; 13 October 1937) is a French actor of Polish Jewish descent. Among the films he starred in are \"En compagnie d'Antonin Artaud\" (1993), in which he portrays French poet and playwright Antonin Artaud, and \"Bande à part\" (1964) by Jean-Luc Godard.", "title": "Sami Frey" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Side two No. Title Writer (s) Lead vocals Length 1. ``Wasted Time (Reprise) ''Henley Frey Jim Ed Norman instrumental 1: 22 2.`` Victim of Love'' Henley Frey Felder Souther Henley 4: 11 3. ``Pretty Maids All in a Row ''Walsh Joe Vitale Joe Walsh 4: 05 4.`` Try and Love Again'' Randy Meisner Randy Meisner 5: 10 5. ``The Last Resort ''Henley Frey Henley 7: 25", "title": "Hotel California (Eagles album)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italy’s first capital after the Risorgimento ended in the 1870s, Turin was in the midst of rapid industrialization during the period of \"The Organizer\", although the film unfolds some years before the growth of the industry. Populating his densely inhabited film with actual workers, Monicelli was attempting, three years before \"The Battle of Algiers\" (1966), to create a sort of neorealist period piece; using a strategy that would subsequently be seen in \"Bonnie and Clyde\" (1967), \"The Organizer\" opens with a montage of historical photographs that skillfully segues into contemporary facsimiles.", "title": "The Organizer" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oldest living U.S. president is George H.W. Bush, born June 12, 1924 (age 93 years, 346 days). On November 25, 2017, he also became the longest - lived president, surpassing the lifespan of Gerald Ford, who died at the age of 93 years, 165 days. The second oldest living president, Jimmy Carter, has the distinction of having the longest post-presidency in U.S. history, currently at 37 years, 124 days. He surpassed the previous record, held by Herbert Hoover (31 years, 230 days) on September 7, 2012. The youngest living president is Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 (age 56 years, 293 days).", "title": "List of presidents of the United States by age" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Boston to Irish (County Cork) natives Daniel and Ann Curry Whelton, he lived in Boston's West End at 69 Billerica Street. When he was five years old, Whelton's father died and he was raised by his mother, who worked as a pastry cook for the admiral commanding the Charlestown Navy Yard. Whelton received his education at St. Mary's School, graduating in 1886. After Whelton graduated from St. Mary's, Whelton attended the Evening High School for a few months.", "title": "Daniel A. Whelton" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bernhard Heiliger (11 November 1915, Stettin - 25 October 1995, Berlin) was a German artist. He was considered \"West Germany's foremost sculptor\", and his large public artworks are a prominent presence in many German cities, especially Berlin.", "title": "Bernhard Heiliger" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harris died of a heart attack at his Rancho Mirage home on August 11, 1995. Alice Faye died of stomach cancer three years later. He is interred at Forest Lawn Cemetery, Cathedral City, California.", "title": "Phil Harris" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bernhard Heiliger", "id": 715503, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Unfolding >> creator", "raw_question": "Unfolding >> creator", "statement": "Bernhard Heiliger was the creator of Unfolding." }, { "answer": "Berlin", "id": 146715, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What city did Bernhard Heiliger live when he died?", "raw_question": "What city did #1 live when he died?", "statement": "Bernhard Heiliger lived in Berlin when he died." }, { "answer": "30 April 2003", "id": 120510, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "What year did Sender Freies Berlin end?", "raw_question": "What year did Sender Freies #2 end?", "statement": "Sender Freies Berlin ended in 2003." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven Presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became President. Two Presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their Vice-Presidents served as Acting Presidents until a new President was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting Presidents held office until the new President, V.V. Giri, was elected. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting President. The 12th President, Pratibha Patil, is the first woman to serve as President of India, elected in 2007. As of November 2017, Ram Nath Kovind is the President of India who was elected on 25 July 2017.", "title": "List of presidents of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy or democratic republic, with three branches of power: executive, legislative, and judicial. The president of the Dominican Republic heads the executive branch and executes laws passed by the congress, appoints the cabinet, and is commander in chief of the armed forces. The president and vice-president run for office on the same ticket and are elected by direct vote for 4-year terms. The national legislature is bicameral, composed of a senate, which has 32 members, and the Chamber of Deputies, with 178 members.Judicial authority rests with the Supreme Court of Justice's 16 members. They are appointed by a council composed of the president, the leaders of both houses of Congress, the President of the Supreme Court, and an opposition or non–governing-party member. The court \"alone hears actions against the president, designated members of his Cabinet, and members of Congress when the legislature is in session.\"The Dominican Republic has a multi-party political system. Elections are held every two years, alternating between the presidential elections, which are held in years evenly divisible by four, and the congressional and municipal elections, which are held in even-numbered years not divisible by four. \"International observers have found that presidential and congressional elections since 1996 have been generally free and fair.\" The Central Elections Board (JCE) of nine members supervises elections, and its decisions are unappealable. Starting from 2016, elections will be held jointly, after a constitutional reform.", "title": "Dominican Republic" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ontario Libertarian Party Parti libertarien de l'Ontario Active provincial party Leader Rob Ferguson (interim) President Gene Balfour Founded 1975 (1975) Headquarters Toronto, Ontario Ideology Libertarianism Colours Yellow Website www.libertarian.on.ca Politics of Ontario Political parties Elections", "title": "Ontario Libertarian Party" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The People's Movement for Progress (, MPP) is a political party in Burkina Faso that was founded on 25 January 2014 by former Congress for Democracy and Progress member Roch Marc Christian Kaboré. Kaboré ran as the party's presidential candidate in the November 2015 general election and was elected in the first round of voting; the MPP also won a plurality of seats in the National Assembly of Burkina Faso. It is a full member of Socialist International, having been admitted in 2016.", "title": "People's Movement for Progress" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Renaissance is a political party in Monaco that represents the interests of SBM employees. They won 10.67% of the popular vote, and 1 out of 24 seats in the legislative elections held on February 10, 2013. The seat was held by Eric Elena. However, the party did not contest the 2018 elections.", "title": "Renaissance (Monaco)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House of Representatives currently has 59 members elected for a five-year term, 56 members by proportional representation and 3 observer members representing the Armenian, Latin and Maronite minorities. 24 seats are allocated to the Turkish community but remain vacant since 1964. The political environment is dominated by the communist AKEL, the liberal conservative Democratic Rally, the centrist Democratic Party, the social-democratic EDEK and the centrist EURO.KO. In 2008, Dimitris Christofias became the country's first Communist head of state. Due to his involvement in the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis, Christofias did not run for re-election in 2013. The Presidential election in 2013 resulted in Democratic Rally candidate Nicos Anastasiades winning 57.48% of the vote. As a result, Anastasiades was sworn in on and has been President since 28 February 2013.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2020, scheduled for Tuesday, November 3, 2020, will be the 59th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn will either elect a new president and vice president through the electoral college or reelect the incumbents. The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses are likely to be held during the first six months of 2020. This nominating process is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots selecting a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee.", "title": "2020 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2004 took place on 10 May 2004 for 32 members of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly. Counting and result was declared on 13 May 2004. Sikkim Democratic Front, a regional political party, won 31 of the 32 assembly seats in this election.", "title": "2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Friedrich Ebert Foundation (\"German: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; Abbreviation: FES\") is a German political foundation associated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), yet independent of it. Established in 1925 as the political legacy of Friedrich Ebert, Germany's first democratically elected President, it is the largest and oldest of the German party-associated foundations. It is headquartered in Bonn and Berlin, and has offices and projects in over 100 countries. It is Germany's oldest organisation to promote democracy, political education, and promote students of outstanding intellectual abilities and personality.", "title": "Friedrich Ebert Foundation" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The presidential election was won by Andrés Manuel López Obrador of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), running as the candidate of the Juntos Haremos Historia alliance. This is the first time a candidate won an outright majority (according to official vote counts) since 1988, and the first time that a candidate not from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) or its predecessors has done so since the Mexican Revolution. This election also marked both the worst electoral defeat suffered by the PRI and the worst electoral defeat for a sitting Mexican government since universal suffrage was adopted in the country.", "title": "2018 Mexican general election" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During Mubarak's presidency, Nasserist political parties began to emerge in Egypt, the first being the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party (ADNP). The party carried minor political influence, and splits between its members beginning in 1995 resulted in the gradual establishment of splinter parties, including Hamdeen Sabahi's 1997 founding of Al-Karama. Sabahi came in third place during the 2012 presidential election. Nasserist activists were among the founders of Kefaya, a major opposition force during Mubarak's rule. On 19 September 2012, four Nasserist parties (the ADNP, Karama, the National Conciliation Party, and the Popular Nasserist Congress Party) merged to form the United Nasserist Party.", "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Communist Party of Canada (French: Parti communiste du Canada, CPC / PCC) is a communist political party in Canada founded in 1921 under conditions of illegality. Although it is now a political party without any elected political representation, the party's candidates have been elected to the Parliament of Canada, the Ontario legislature, the Manitoba legislature, and various municipal governments across the country. The party has also contributed significantly to trade union organizing and labour history in Canada, peace and anti-war activism, and many other social movements.", "title": "Communist Party of Canada" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National League for Democracy (Burmese: အမျိုးသား ဒီမိုကရေစီ အဖွဲ့ချုပ်, IPA: [ʔəmjóðá dìmòkəɹèsì ʔəpʰwḛdʑoʊʔ]; abbreviated NLD) is a social-democratic and liberal democratic political party in Myanmar (Burma), currently serving as the governing party. Founded on 27 September 1988, it has become one of the most influential parties in Myanmar's pro-democracy movement. Aung San Suu Kyi, the Special Honorary President of the Socialist International and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, serves as its President and she is currently serving as State Counsellor of Myanmar. The party won a substantial parliamentary majority in the 1990 Burmese general election. However, the ruling military junta refused to recognise the result. On 6 May 2010, the party was declared illegal and ordered to be disbanded by the junta after refusing to register for the elections slated for November 2010. In November 2011, the NLD announced its intention to register as a political party to contend future elections, and Myanmar's Union Election Commission approved their application for registration on 13 December 2011.In the 2012 by-elections, the NLD contested 44 of the 45 available seats; winning 43, and losing only one seat to the SNDP. Party leader Aung San Suu Kyi won the seat of Kawhmu.In the 2015 general election, the NLD won a supermajority in both houses of the Assembly, paving the way for the country's first non-military president in 54 years.", "title": "National League for Democracy" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rómulo de Jesús Campuzano González (born 8 January 1957) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Senator of the LVIII and LIX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Durango.", "title": "Rómulo Campuzano" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Koirala entered politics in 1954 inspired by the social-democratic ideals of the Nepali Congress. In 1958 he keenly participated in Bhadra Abagya Aandalon, (Civil Disobedience Movement) launched by the Nepali Congress. In 1959, he actively involved himself in the party's objective of carrying out the democratic elections. The election saw Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala become the first elected prime minister of the country. However, King Mahendra planned and executed a coup in December 1960 and expelled Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala. This resulted in the exile of several members of the Nepali Congress to India, which included Sushil Koirala. He remained in political exile in India for 16 years following the royal takeover of 1960. Koirala also spent three years in Indian prisons for his involvement in a plane hijacking in 1973. While in exile, Koirala was the editor of Tarun, the official party publication. He has been a member of the Central Working Committee of the party since 1979 and was appointed General Secretary of the party in 1996 and Vice President in 1998.", "title": "Sushil Koirala" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Luisa María de Guadalupe Calderón Hinojosa (born October 23, 1956 in Mexico City) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party who served in the Senate of Mexico from 2000 until September 2006. She is currently senator-elect as a PAN proportional representative. Her term in the senate began in late 2012 and will continue through 2018. \"Cocoa\" (her nickname) is known as a champion for women and minority rights throughout Mexico.", "title": "Luisa María Calderón" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rómulo León Alegría is a politician from Peru. He is a member of the Apra party. He has been imprisoned for his involvement in requesting bribes from foreign oil companies seeking to explore and drill in the Peruvian amazon rainforest. The company involved in this deal was Discover Petroleum International from Norway. The activities were discovered when audio tapes of Rómulo León negotiating the bribes were released to the press.", "title": "Rómulo León" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rotpartiet (a Swedish term which can be translated as \"Root Party\" or \"Grassroots Party\") is a local political party in the municipality of Åtvidaberg, Sweden. The party was formed ahead of the 1998 elections, by Åke Hjalmarsson. Hjalmarsson was then dissatisfied with the development of the Åtvidaberg Party. The party won 3 seats in the 1998 elections.", "title": "Rotpartiet" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Cuba is one of the world's last remaining socialist countries following the Marxist–Leninist ideology. The Constitution of 1976, which defined Cuba as a socialist republic, was replaced by the Constitution of 1992, which is \"guided by the ideas of José Martí and the political and social ideas of Marx, Engels and Lenin.\" The constitution describes the Communist Party of Cuba as the \"leading force of society and of the state\".The First Secretary of the Communist Party is concurrently President of the Council of State (President of Cuba) and President of the Council of Ministers (sometimes referred to as Prime Minister of Cuba). Members of both councils are elected by the National Assembly of People's Power. The President of Cuba, who is also elected by the Assembly, serves for five years and there is no limit to the number of terms of office.", "title": "Cuba" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote.", "title": "1824 United States presidential election" } ]

[ { "answer": "National Action Party", "id": 494531, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Rómulo Campuzano >> member of political party", "raw_question": "Rómulo Campuzano >> member of political party", "statement": "Rómulo Campuzano is a member of the National Action Party." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "id": 266275, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "National Action Party >> country", "raw_question": "#1 >> country", "statement": "The National Action Party is from Mexico." }, { "answer": "Andrés Manuel López Obrador", "id": 54407, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "who won the election for president of Mexico", "raw_question": "who won the election for president of #2", "statement": "Andrés Manuel López Obrador won the election for president of Mexico." } ]

[ "López Obrador" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The location of the battle is described as having occurred in Kurukshetra in north India. Despite only referring to these eighteen days, the war narrative forms more than a quarter of the book, suggesting its relative importance within the epic, which overall spans decades of the warring families. The narrative describes individual battles and deaths of various heroes of both sides, military formations, war diplomacy, meetings and discussions among the characters, and the weapons used. The chapters (parvas) dealing with the war (from chapter six to ten) are considered amongst the oldest in the entire Mahabharata.", "title": "Kurukshetra War" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sūrat al - Fātiḥah (Arabic: سُّورَةُ الْفَاتِحَة ‎ ‎) is the first chapter (surah) of the Quran. Its seven verses (ayat) are a prayer for the guidance, lordship and mercy of God. This chapter has an essential role in Islamic prayer (salāt). The primary literal meaning of the expression ``al - Fātiḥah ''is`` The Opener,'' which could refer to this Surah being ``the opener of the Book ''(Fātiḥat al - kitāb), to its being the first Surah recited in full in every prayer cycle (rakʿah), or to the manner in which it serves as an opening for many functions in everyday Islamic life. Some Muslims interpret it as a reference to an implied ability of the Surah to open a person to faith in God.", "title": "Al-Fatiha" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the start of his ministry, Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist. Critical scholars broadly agree that the baptism of Jesus is one of the most authentic, or historically likely, events in the life of the historical Jesus. Christian baptism has its origin in the baptism of Jesus, in both a direct and historical sense. Many of the earliest followers of Jesus were people who, like him, were baptized in the Jordan by John the Baptist.", "title": "Baptism in early Christianity" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The phrase ``the Word ''(a translation of the Greek word`` Logos'') is widely interpreted as referring to Jesus, as indicated in other verses later in the same chapter. This verse and others throughout Johannine literature connect the Christian understanding of Jesus to the philosophical idea of the Logos and the Hebrew Wisdom literature. They also set the stage for later understanding development of Trinitarian theology early in the post-biblical era.", "title": "John 1:1" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FIBT World Championships 1967 took place in Alpe d'Huez, France for the second time, having hosted the event previously in 1951. The Four-man bobsleigh event was cancelled for the second consecutive year though the cause this time was due to high temperatures that caused the ice on the track to melt rather than a competitor's death as had happened in the previous championship. This was the test event for the bobsleigh events for the Winter Olympics that would take place the following year in neighboring Grenoble.", "title": "FIBT World Championships 1967" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The group was at its height, as far as its collegiate presence was concerned, by the spring of 1855, when local college politics at the University of Alabama caused a rift at its chapter there. A minority faction of the chapter disclosed the secrets of the order, leading to chapter dissolution, as well as chapters at other institutions. In 1858 the chapter at the University of South Carolina led a reorganization of the order and it was reconstituted as Phi Mu Omicron, but this order did not outlast the Civil War either. The last Kuklos Adelphon chapter proper, that at the University of North Carolina, dissolved in 1866.", "title": "Kuklos Adelphon" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Volume of the Book, released in 1975, was the second studio album from the contemporary Christian music group, 2nd Chapter of Acts. The album title is a reference to Psalm 40:7 (\"...in the volume of the book it is written of me\").", "title": "In the Volume of the Book" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Social Charter was subsequently adopted in 1989 by 11 of the then 12 member states. The UK refused to sign the Social Charter and was exempt from the legislation covering Social Charter issues unless it agreed to be bound by the legislation. The UK subsequently was the only member state to veto the Social Charter being included as the \"Social Chapter\" of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty - instead, an Agreement on Social Policy was added as a protocol. Again, the UK was exempt from legislation arising from the protocol, unless it agreed to be bound by it. The protocol was to become known as \"Social Chapter\", despite not actually being a chapter of the Maastricht Treaty. To achieve aims of the Agreement on Social Policy the European Union was to \"support and complement\" the policies of member states. The aims of the Agreement on Social Policy are:", "title": "European Union law" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Written by Hiroya Oku, the manga chapters have been published in the Japanese magazine Weekly Young Jump since 2000 and is finished on June 20, 2013; the individual chapters of the series were being released approximately every fifteen days. Gantz is divided into three main story arcs referred to as \"phases\". After the completion of Phase 1, the author put the series on hiatus for a short time to work on Phase 2, which is also known as \"Katastrophe\". Phase 1 consists of the first 237 chapters. On November 22, 2006, the first chapter of Phase 2, chapter 238, was released. Phase 2 consists of chapters 238 through 303. The third and final phase began on October 1, 2009, after a brief hiatus. As of June 20, 2013, the main manga series is finished at 383 chapters long (not counting specials and spin-offs). The individual chapters are collected by Shueisha in tankōbon format; the first volume was released on December 11, 2000. Currently, 37 volumes have been released by Shueisha.", "title": "Gantz" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these \"two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent\" and \"rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts\" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now \"firmly established\" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified.", "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Preterm birth is the most common cause of perinatal mortality, causing almost 30 percent of neonatal deaths. Infant respiratory distress syndrome, in turn, is the leading cause of death in preterm infants, affecting about 1% of newborn infants. Birth defects cause about 21 percent of neonatal death.", "title": "Perinatal mortality" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Formula One series originated with the European Championship of Grand Prix motor racing (q.v. for pre-1947 history) of the 1920s and 1930s. The formula is a set of rules that all participants' cars must meet. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon after World War II during 1946, with the first non-championship races being held that year. The first one, the first Formula 1 race ever, was the Turin Grand Prix. A number of Grand Prix racing organisations had laid out rules for a world championship before the war, but due to the suspension of racing during the conflict, the World Drivers' Championship was not formalised until 1947. The first world championship race was held at Silverstone, United Kingdom in 1950. A championship for constructors followed in 1958. National championships existed in South Africa and the UK in the 1960s and 1970s. Non-championship Formula One events were held for many years, but due to the increasing cost of competition, the last of these occurred in 1983. On 26 November 2017, Formula One unveiled its new logo, following the 2017 season finale in Abu Dhabi during the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix at Yas Marina Circuit. The new logo replaced F1's iconic 'flying one', which had been the sport's trademark since 1993.", "title": "Formula One" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Christian doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Most Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three persons of the Trinity. A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism, wholly or partly, as non-scriptural. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually on December 25 (or various dates in January by some eastern churches) as Christmas. His crucifixion is honored on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter. The widely used calendar era \"AD\", from the Latin \"anno Domini\" (\"in the year of the Lord\"), and the equivalent alternative \"CE\", are based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus.", "title": "Jesus" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Epistle of John, often referred to as First John and written 1 John, is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. It is attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles. This epistle was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95 -- 110. The work was written to counter docetism, which is the belief that Jesus did not come ``in the flesh '', but only as a spirit. It also defined how Christians are to discern true teachers: by their ethics, their proclamation of Jesus in the flesh, and by their love.", "title": "First Epistle of John" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Will Grayson, Will Grayson is a novel by John Green and David Levithan, published in April 2010 by Dutton Juvenile. The book's narrative is divided evenly between two boys named Will Grayson, with Green having written all of the chapters for one and Levithan having written the chapters for the other, presented in an alternating chapter fashion. One boy is referred to with a capitalized letter at the start of his name, while the other is referred to in all lower case letters. The novel debuted on \"The New York Times\" children's best-seller list after its release and remained there for three weeks. It was the first LGBT-themed young adult novel to make it to that list.", "title": "Will Grayson, Will Grayson" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rebirth refers to a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life, each running from conception to death. The doctrine of anattā (Sanskrit anātman) rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul, as it is called in Hinduism and Christianity. According to Buddhism there ultimately is no such thing as a self independent from the rest of the universe. Buddhists also refer to themselves as the believers of the anatta doctrine—Nairatmyavadin or Anattavadin. Rebirth in subsequent existences must be understood as the continuation of a dynamic, ever-changing process of pratītyasamutpāda (\"dependent arising\") determined by the laws of cause and effect (karma) rather than that of one being, reincarnating from one existence to the next.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John wanted John de Gray, the Bishop of Norwich and one of his own supporters, to be appointed Archbishop of Canterbury after the death of Walter, but the cathedral chapter for Canterbury Cathedral claimed the exclusive right to elect Walter's successor. They favoured Reginald, the chapter's sub-prior. To complicate matters, the bishops of the province of Canterbury also claimed the right to appoint the next archbishop. The chapter secretly elected Reginald and he travelled to Rome to be confirmed; the bishops challenged the appointment and the matter was taken before Innocent. John forced the Canterbury chapter to change their support to John de Gray, and a messenger was sent to Rome to inform the papacy of the new decision. Innocent disavowed both Reginald and John de Gray, and instead appointed his own candidate, Stephen Langton. John refused Innocent's request that he consent to Langton's appointment, but the pope consecrated Langton anyway in June 1207.", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Epistle of John, often referred to as First John and written 1 John or I John, is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. It is attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles. This epistle was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95 -- 110. The work was written to counter docetism, which is the belief that Jesus did not come ``in the flesh '', but only as a spirit. It also defined how Christians are to discern true teachers: by their ethics, their proclamation of Jesus in the flesh, and by their love.", "title": "First Epistle of John" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some modern day physicists and science writers—such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin—have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, Gribbin and Davies released their book The Matter Myth, the first chapter of which, \"The Death of Materialism\", contained the following passage:", "title": "Materialism" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to some sources, Christians held corporate worship on Sunday in the 1st century. The earliest Biblical example of Christians meeting together on a Sunday for the purpose of ``breaking bread ''and preaching is cited in the New Testament book The Acts of the Apostles chapter 20 and verse 7 (Acts 20: 7). 2nd - century writers such as Justin Martyr attest to the widespread practice of Sunday worship (First Apology, chapter 67), and by 361 AD it had become a mandated weekly occurrence. During the Middle Ages, Sunday worship became associated with Sabbatarian (rest) practices. Some Protestants today (particularly those theologically descended from the Puritans) regard Sunday as Christian Sabbath, a practice known as first - day Sabbatarianism. (Some Christian groups hold that the term`` Lord's Day'' can only properly refer to seventh - day Sabbath or Saturday.)", "title": "Lord's Day" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jesus", "id": 47087, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "in the first chapter of john the logos refers to", "raw_question": "in the first chapter of john the logos refers to", "statement": "In the first chapter of John the Logos refers to Jesus." }, { "answer": "crucifixion", "id": 96305, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "What is the cause of death of Jesus ?", "raw_question": "What is the cause of death of #1 ?", "statement": "The cause of death of Jesus was crucifixion." }, { "answer": "the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be", "id": 25007, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Do non-Christians agree that the crucifixion happened?", "raw_question": "Do non-Christians agree that the #2 happened?", "statement": "The crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be." } ]

[ "Jesus Christ", "Christ", "God the Son", "Jesus" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olympic Valley, California (also known as Squaw Valley) is an unincorporated community located in Placer County northwest of Tahoe City along California State Highway 89 on the banks of the Truckee River near Lake Tahoe. It is home to Squaw Valley Ski Resort, the site of the 1960 Winter Olympics. Olympic Valley is the smallest resort area to host the Olympic Winter Games.", "title": "Squaw Valley, Placer County, California" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots, 41 -- 33, winning their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on Sunday, February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI in the 1991 season, and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold - weather city.", "title": "Super Bowl LII" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi. New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, WHO, World Bank, ILO, IMF, UNIFEM, IFC and UNAIDS.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "London hosted the Olympic Games in 1908, 1948 and 2012. The 2012 Summer Olympics made London the first city to have hosted the modern Games of three Olympiads. London is the only city in the United Kingdom to have ever hosted the Olympics; the United States is the only country to have hosted Summer Olympics on more occasions than the UK. Also, London is the only city to have bid more than once and still hold a 100% record.", "title": "London Olympics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The People's Republic of China has hosted the Games on one occasion, with a second Games scheduled for 2022. Beijing will be the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics.", "title": "China at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following three consecutive unsuccessful UK bids to host summer Olympic Games (Birmingham for 1992 and Manchester for 1996 and 2000), the decision was made to bid with London, given the clear indication that it was the only UK city that had a chance of being selected by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) when put up against other world cities in a competitive bidding process. On 6 July 2005 at its 117th Session in Singapore, the IOC awarded London the right to host the Games of the XXX Olympiad. The city beat the favourite Paris 54 to 50 on the fourth and final ballot. London is the first city to host the Games three times.", "title": "London bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This was the first time that South Korea had hosted the Winter Olympics and the second Olympics held in the country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998), both in Japan. It was also the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, the other two being the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.", "title": "2018 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Directorate of Analysis produces all-source intelligence investigation on key foreign and intercontinental issues relating to powerful and sometimes anti-government sensitive topics. It has four regional analytic groups, six groups for transnational issues, and three focus on policy, collection, and staff support. There is an office dedicated to Iraq, and regional analytical Offices covering the Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis, the Office of Russian and European Analysis, and the Office of Asian Pacific, Asian Pacific, Latin American, and African Analysis and African Analysis.", "title": "Central Intelligence Agency" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Advertising affiliates include Subway Franchisee Advertising Fund Trust, Ltd.; Subway Franchisee Advertising Fund Trust, B.V.; Subway Franchisee Canadian Advertising Trust; etc.Subway's international headquarters are in Milford, Connecticut, with five regional centers supporting the company's international operations. The regional offices for European franchises are located in Amsterdam (Netherlands); the Australian and New Zealand locations are supported from Brisbane (Australia); the Asian locations are supported from offices in Beirut (Lebanon) and Singapore; and the Latin American support center is in Miami.", "title": "Subway (restaurant)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The location of the Super Bowl is chosen by the NFL well in advance, usually three to five years before the game. Cities place bids to host a Super Bowl and are evaluated in terms of stadium renovation and their ability to host. In 2014, a document listing the specific requirements of Super Bowl hosts was leaked, giving a clear list of what was required for a Super Bowl host. Much of the cost of the Super Bowl is to be assumed by the host community, although some costs are enumerated within the requirements to be assumed by the NFL. Some of the host requirements include:", "title": "Super Bowl" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most popular sports played in Hyderabad are cricket and association football. At the professional level, the city has hosted national and international sports events such as the 2002 National Games of India, the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, the 2004 AP Tourism Hyderabad Open women's tennis tournament, the 2007 Military World Games, the 2009 World Badminton Championships and the 2009 IBSF World Snooker Championship. The city hosts a number of venues suitable for professional competition such as the Swarnandhra Pradesh Sports Complex for field hockey, the G. M. C. Balayogi Stadium in Gachibowli for athletics and football, and for cricket, the Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium and Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, home ground of the Hyderabad Cricket Association. Hyderabad has hosted many international cricket matches, including matches in the 1987 and the 1996 ICC Cricket World Cups. The Hyderabad cricket team represents the city in the Ranji Trophy—a first-class cricket tournament among India's states and cities. Hyderabad is also home to the Indian Premier League franchise Sunrisers Hyderabad. A previous franchise was the Deccan Chargers, which won the 2009 Indian Premier League held in South Africa.", "title": "Hyderabad" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the Republic of India, a chief minister is the head of government of each of twenty-nine states and two union territories (Delhi and Puducherry). According to the Constitution of India, at the state-level, the governor is de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the state legislative assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given he has the assembly's confidence, the chief minister's term is usually for a maximum of five years; there are no limits to the number of terms he or she can serve.Since June 2018, the office of Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir has been vacant; President's rule is in force there. Of the thirty incumbents, only one is a woman—Mamata Banerjee in West Bengal. Serving since March 2000 (for 19 years, 107 days), Odisha's Naveen Patnaik has the longest incumbency. Amarinder Singh (b. 1942) of Punjab is the oldest chief minister while Arunachal Pradesh's Pema Khandu (b. 1979) is the youngest. Twelve incumbents belong to the Bharatiya Janata Party and five to the Indian National Congress; no other party has more than one chief minister in office.", "title": "List of current Indian chief ministers" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many sports in Iran are both traditional and modern. Tehran, for example, was the first city in West Asia to host the Asian Games in 1974, and continues to host and participate in major international sporting events to this day. Freestyle wrestling has been traditionally regarded as Iran's national sport, however today, football is the most popular sport in Iran. Because of economic sanctions, the annual government's budget for sport was about $80 million in 2010 or about $1 per person.", "title": "Sport in Iran" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Games have primarily been hosted in the continents of Europe (36 editions) and North America (12 editions); eight Games have been hosted in Asia and two have been hosted in Oceania. In 2016, Rio de Janeiro became South America's first Olympic host city, while the African continent is yet to hold the Games. Other major geographic regions which have never hosted the Olympics include the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia.", "title": "List of Olympic Games host cities" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "President of FIFA Sepp Blatter endorsed the idea of having a World Cup in the Arab World, saying in April 2010: ``The Arabic world deserves a World Cup. They have 22 countries and have not had any opportunity to organize the tournament ''. Blatter also praised Qatar's progress:`` When I was first in Qatar there were 400,000 people here and now there are 1.6 million. In terms of infrastructure, when you are able to organise the Asian Games (in 2006) with more than 30 events for men and women, then that is not in question''. On 2 December 2010, it was announced that Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup.", "title": "Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup bid" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Delhi, the national capital of India, has hosted the Asian Games on two occasions: the inaugural 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games.", "title": "India at the Asian Games" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven years after the 2008 Games, Beijing was awarded the 2022 Winter Olympics. It will thus be the first city to host both the Summer and Winter Games.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The city hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games and annually hosts Delhi Half Marathon foot-race. The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games. New Delhi was interested in bidding for the 2019 Asian Games but was turned down by the government on 2 August 2010 amid allegations of corruption in 2010 Commonwealth Games .", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Games have primarily been hosted in the continents of Europe (32 editions) and North America (12 editions); seven Games have been hosted in Asia and two have been hosted in Oceania. In 2010, Singapore became Southeast Asia's first Olympic host city for the inaugural Summer Youth Olympics, while Rio de Janeiro became South America's first Olympic host city with the 2016 Summer Olympics, followed by Buenos Aires with the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics. The 2022 Summer Youth Olympics in Dakar will become the first - ever Games to be held on the African continent. Other major geographic regions which have never hosted the Olympics include the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, Central America and the Caribbean.", "title": "List of Olympic Games host cities" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Caraga Region is located at northeastern part of Mindanao. It has five (5) provinces, namely: Dinagat Province, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur. Caraga Region is now hosting several mining projects producing various mineral commodities particularly but not limited to gold, copper, chrome, nickel, iron and limestone for concrete cement production. This makes the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Mines and Geosciences Bureau, Regional Office No. 13 with Office located in Surigao City plays important role in the region's economy, job generation, social and environmental enhancement and protection and ensuring government shares through royalties and taxes.", "title": "Mines and Geosciences Bureau Region 13 (Philippines)" } ]

[ { "answer": "India", "id": 162325, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "what constitution?", "raw_question": "what constitution?", "statement": "The constitution of India." }, { "answer": "New Delhi", "id": 11248, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "The regional office of the World Bank in India is located in what city?", "raw_question": "The regional office of the World Bank in #1 is located in what city?", "statement": "The regional office of the World Bank in India is located in New Delhi." }, { "answer": "1951", "id": 11226, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "New Delhi first hosted the Asian Games in what year?", "raw_question": "#2 first hosted the Asian Games in what year?", "statement": "New Delhi first hosted the Asian Games in 1951." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest.", "title": "Notogawa, Shiga" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "title": "Mount Bosworth" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs.", "title": "Oak Lawn, Illinois" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The county lies in southern Hungary, on the border with Croatia. The River Drava forms part of its southern border, and the River Danube its eastern border. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, and Bács-Kiskun. The capital of Baranya county is Pécs.", "title": "Baranya County" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Toquima Range is a mountain range, located primarily in Nye County with a small extension into Lander County, in Nevada, United States. Most of the range is included within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The range reaches a maximum elevation of 11,949 feet (3,642 m) at the southern summit of Mount Jefferson. From Hickison Summit on U.S. Route 50, the range runs for approximately 71 miles (115 km) to the south-southwest. To its west are Big Smoky Valley, scenic State Route 376, and the large Toiyabe Range. To the east are remote Monitor Valley and the Monitor Range. Lying to the south of the range are U.S. Route 6 (Nevada) and the community of Tonopah, while to the north is U.S. Route 50 (\"The Loneliest Highway in America\"), leading to the small community of Austin.", "title": "Toquima Range" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kon Tum Province lies in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam and shares borders with Laos and Cambodia. It has an area of 9,934 square km and a population of approximately 530,000. The economy is primarily agricultural.", "title": "Kon Tum Province" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Team Number of wins Notes Most recent Western Province 34 Four shared 2017 Northern Transvaal / Blue Bulls 23 Four shared 2009 Transvaal / Gauteng Lions / Golden Lions 11 One shared 2015 Natal / Sharks 7 2013 Orange Free State / Free State Cheetahs 5 One shared 2016 Griqualand West / Griquas 1970 Border / Border Bulldogs Two shared 1934", "title": "Currie Cup" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Voivodeship (, , ) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1566 and later in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, until the partitions of the Commonwealth in 1793. Centred on the city of Minsk and subordinate to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the region continued the traditions – and shared the borders – of several previously existing units of administrative division, notably a separate Duchy of Minsk, annexed by Lithuania in the 13th century. It was replaced with Minsk Governorate in 1793.", "title": "Minsk Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. In addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999. With a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.", "title": "Borders of China" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jimma Arjo is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It shares the name of one of the subgroups of the Oromo people, the Jimma Arjo. Part of the Misraq Welega Zone, Jimma Arjo is bordered on the southwest by the Didessa River which separates it from the Illubabor Zone, on the northwest by Diga Leka, on the northeast by Guto Wayu, and on the southeast by Nunu Kumba. The administrative center of this woreda is Arjo.", "title": "Jimma Arjo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poovathani is a small village bordering Malappuram and Palakkad Districts in Kerala, India. It is shared by three grama panchayaths: Thachanattukara, Aliparamba] and Thazhekode.", "title": "Poovathani" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "title": "Canada–United States border" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latvia ( or ; , ), officially the Republic of Latvia (, ), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.", "title": "Latvia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia.", "title": "Virginia, Lempira" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eldorado Mountains, also called the El Dorado Mountains, are a north-south trending mountain range in southeast Nevada bordering west of the south-flowing Colorado River; the endorheic Eldorado Valley borders the range to the west, and the range is also on the western border of the Colorado River's Black Canyon of the Colorado, and El Dorado Canyon on the river. The range is southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada; and the Eldorado Mountains connect with the Highland and Newberry mountains.", "title": "Eldorado Mountains" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. It shared its northern border with the Kingdom of Gumma, its eastern border with the Kingdom of Gomma, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. With its capital at Chala (Cira), the Gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of Gera.", "title": "Kingdom of Gera" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Black Canyon Petroglyphs is an area of prehistoric petroglyphs in Lincoln County, Nevada that is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Located in the Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge, they are accessible to the public.", "title": "Black Canyon Petroglyphs" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amman Governorate has the largest population of the 12 governorates of Jordan. It borders Zarqa Governorate to the north and north east, the governorates of Balqa and Madaba to the west, Karak and Ma'an governorates to the south. It also shares an international border with Saudi Arabia from the east.", "title": "Amman Governorate" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Halfpint Range is a low arcuate mountain range in eastern Nye County and extending into southwest Lincoln County, Nevada. The western portion of the range lies within the Nevada Test Site. Yucca Flat and Plutonium Valley lie to west and Frenchman Flat to the south. The Buried Hills, the Papoose Range and Papoose Lake lie to the east. French Peak () is at the south end and Banded Mountain () lies at the north end of the range.", "title": "Halfpint Range" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone.", "title": "Adaba (woreda)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Lincoln County", "id": 282090, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Black Canyon Petroglyphs >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Black Canyon Petroglyphs >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "The Black Canyon Petroglyphs are located in Lincoln County." }, { "answer": "Nye County", "id": 365852, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Lincoln County >> shares border with", "raw_question": "#1 >> shares border with", "statement": "Lincoln County shares a border with Nye County." }, { "answer": "Lander County", "id": 307099, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Nye County >> shares border with", "raw_question": "#2 >> shares border with", "statement": "Nye County shares a border with Lander County." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Living Lahaina is an American reality television series on MTV. The series, filmed over a three-month period on location in Lahaina (on the island of Maui, Hawaii), focused on a group of twenty-something surf instructors and their father-figure-boss at the Royal Hawaiian Surf Academy. \"Living Lahaina\" also followed cast members throughout travels to Indonesia, California, and Kauai.", "title": "Living Lahaina" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presidential Reunion is an American comedy Web short directed by Ron Howard and starring \"Saturday Night Live\" cast members who parodied Presidents Ford to Obama. The skit was released onto the Funny or Die website on March 3, 2010 and received mixed to negative reviews.", "title": "Presidential Reunion" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The seventh and final season of the American television drama series Scandal was ordered on February 10, 2017 by ABC. It was later announced that the seventh season will be the final season for Scandal. The season began airing on October 5, 2017, and will consist of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons. The season will be produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.", "title": "Scandal (season 7)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darrell Clayton Hammond (born October 8, 1955) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and impressionist. He was a regular cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1995 to 2009.", "title": "Darrell Hammond" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In July 1919, Duncan managed to bundle the dogs aboard a ship taking him back to the US at the end of the war. When he got to Long Island, New York, for re-entry processing, he put his dogs in the care of a Hempstead breeder named Mrs. Leo Wanner, who raised police dogs. Nanette was diagnosed with pneumonia; as a replacement, the breeder gave Duncan another female German Shepherd puppy. Duncan headed to California by rail with his dogs. While Duncan was traveling by train, Nanette died in Hempstead. As a memorial, Duncan named his new puppy Nanette II, but he called her Nanette. Duncan, Rin Tin Tin, and Nanette II settled at his home in Los Angeles. Rin Tin Tin was a dark sable color and had very dark eyes. Nanette II was much lighter in color.", "title": "Rin Tin Tin" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crocodile Tears is the eighth novel in the \"Alex Rider\" series by British author Anthony Horowitz. It was released in the UK on 12 November 2009, published by Walker Books, and in the U.S. on 17 November 2009. On 17 December 2008, the title was revealed (in code) to be \"Crocodile Tears\". The book was succeeded by \"Scorpia Rising\", released in March 2011.", "title": "Crocodile Tears" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Conmen in Vegas is a 1999 Hong Kong action comedy film produced, written and directed by Wong Jing and is a sequel to the 1998 film, \"The Conman\". The film stars original returning cast members Andy Lau and Nick Cheung with new cast members Natalis Chan, Kelly Lin, Meggie Yu, Alex Man and Jewel Lee in her debut film role. The film was partially filmed in the Caesars Palace Resort, Las Vegas.", "title": "The Conmen in Vegas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Living in South Ferriby, North Lincolnshire, Clark worked as a deputy headteacher. In 1982, she joined the Ecology Party, following concerns about nitrate levels in drinking water. At the 1989 European election, she stood in Humberside, taking 14% of the votes cast.", "title": "Jan Clark" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dawn Cunningham is a fictional character from the British soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Lisa Williamson. Williamson was cast as one of the original characters on \"Hollyoaks\" in 1995, and was the first member of the Cunningham family to arrive in the village, before the introduction of her family. However, she left in 1997 when the character died following a battle with leukemia.", "title": "Dawn Cunningham" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crocodile Hunters is 1949 documentary directed by Lee Robinson about both aboriginal and professional crocodile hunters in the Northern Territory. The film has since been used as a study text for Australian secondary schools.", "title": "Crocodile Hunters" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles (also known as Crocodile Dundee III) is a 2001 Australian-American action comedy film, directed by Simon Wincer and starring Paul Hogan. It is the sequel to \"Crocodile Dundee II\" (1988) and the third film of the \"Crocodile Dundee\" series. Hogan and Linda Kozlowski reprise their roles as Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee and Sue Charlton, respectively. The film was shot on location in Los Angeles and in Queensland. Actor Paul Hogan reported that the inspiration for the storyline came during a tour of Litomyšl, Czech Republic in 1993.", "title": "Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rough Waters is a 1930 all-talking adventure drama film that directed by John Daumery and starring Rin Tin Tin. The film was adapted by James A. Starr from a story by Lillie Hayward, and was the last Rin Tin Tin film produced by Warner Bros.", "title": "Rough Waters" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Glee\" executive producers Ryan Murphy and Dante Di Loreto executive produced for \"The Glee Project\". \"Glee\" casting director, Robert Ulrich, was casting director for the project, while \"Glee\" on-screen non-speaking accompanist, Brad Ellis, helping Ulrich coach 80 potential candidates as seen in the music segment of \"The Top 12\" special that led into the pilot episode of season 1.", "title": "The Glee Project" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One Ocean View is an American primetime television reality show about eleven single New Yorkers looking for romance on Fire Island. It premiered on ABC and CTV on Monday, July 31, 2006. The show was similar to \"The Real World\", another series produced by Bunim/Murray Productions, though the cast was only together on weekends, spending their weekdays living their normal lives.", "title": "One Ocean View" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Timsah, also known as Crocodile Lake, is a lake in Egypt on the Nile delta. It lies in a basin developed along a fault extending from the Mediterranean Sea to the Gulf of Suez through the Bitter Lakes region. In 1800, a flood filled the Wadi Tumilat, which caused Timsah's banks to overflow and moved water south into the Bitter Lakes about nine miles (14 km) away. In 1862, the lake was filled with waters from the Red Sea.", "title": "Lake Timsah" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saturday Night Live (also known as SNL) is an American late-night live television variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show.", "title": "Saturday Night Live" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Home Guard consisted of local volunteers otherwise ineligible for military service, either because of age (hence the title \"Dad's Army\") or by being in professions exempt from conscription. \"Dad's Army\" deals almost exclusively with men over military age, and featured older British actors, including Arthur Lowe, John Le Mesurier, Arnold Ridley and John Laurie. Younger members of the cast included Ian Lavender, Clive Dunn (who played the oldest guardsman, Lance Corporal Jones, despite being one of the youngest cast members), and James Beck (who died suddenly during production of the sixth series in 1973). Other regular cast members included Frank Williams as the vicar, and Bill Pertwee as the chief ARP warden.", "title": "Dad's Army" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trematosaurinae is a subfamily of temnospondyl amphibians within the family Trematosauridae. Like all trematosaurids, they were marine piscivores, resembling crocodiles in their general build. Unlike the long, almost gharial-like snouts of the Lonchorhynchinae, the Trematosaurinae had more \"normal\" crocodile-like skulls.", "title": "Trematosaurinae" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ottawa Rough Riders were a Canadian Football League team based in Ottawa, Ontario, founded in 1876. Formerly one of the oldest and longest lived professional sports teams in North America, the Rough Riders won the Grey Cup championship nine times. Their most dominant era was the 1960s and 1970s, a period in which they won five Grey Cups. The team's fortunes waned in the 1980s and 1990s and they ultimately ceased operations following the 1996 season. Five years later, a new CFL team known as the Ottawa Renegades was founded, though they suspended operations in 2006. The Ottawa Redblacks, who own the Rough Riders intellectual properties, joined the league in 2014.", "title": "Ottawa Rough Riders" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Crocodile\" (, \"Krokodil\") is a short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky that was first published in 1865 in his magazine \"Epoch.", "title": "The Crocodile (short story)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Rin Tin Tin", "id": 852952, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Rough Waters >> cast member", "raw_question": "Rough Waters >> cast member", "statement": "Rin Tin Tin was a cast member of the Rough Waters." }, { "answer": "Los Angeles", "id": 147364, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Where did Rin Tin Tin live when he died?", "raw_question": "Where did #1 live when he died?", "statement": "Rin Tin Tin lived in Los Angeles when he died." }, { "answer": "Paul Hogan", "id": 537186, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles >> producer", "raw_question": "Crocodile Dundee in #2 >> producer", "statement": "Paul Hogan produced Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hopkins School, a private school, was founded in 1660 and is the fifth-oldest educational institution in the United States. New Haven is home to a number of other private schools as well as public magnet schools, including Metropolitan Business Academy, High School in the Community, Hill Regional Career High School, Co-op High School, New Haven Academy, ACES Educational Center for the Arts, the Foote School and the Sound School, all of which draw students from New Haven and suburban towns. New Haven is also home to two Achievement First charter schools, Amistad Academy and Elm City College Prep, and to Common Ground, an environmental charter school.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cedarhurst Center for the Arts is a visual and performing arts institution in Mount Vernon, Illinois. Located on a 90-acre campus, it offers classes in art education, drawing and painting, ceramics and stained glass, knitting and quilting, and hosts concerts and community events. Among its facilities are the Mitchell Museum, the Kuenz Sculpture Park, the Shrode Art Center (art education), the Schweinfurth House, and the Performance Hall inside the Mitchell Museum.", "title": "Cedarhurst Center for the Arts" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "O'Neill graduated from the University of Toronto with a Bachelor of Arts, and subsequently received her teaching certification from the Ontario College of Education. She taught in both public and private schools. After retiring from teaching, she worked as a realtor and served as a school trustee with the Greater St. Albert Catholic Schools.", "title": "Mary O'Neill" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lowell Music Magnet School, also known as Lowell Elementary School is an elementary school in Duluth, Minnesota. It serves students in grades K-5. It is a magnet school that provides musical education in orchestra, band, choir, and piano. Lowell Music Magnet Elementary School serves 494 students in grades KG-5. The school's student:teacher ratio of 17:1 is higher than the MN state average of 15:1.", "title": "Lowell Music Magnet School" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canton South High School is a public high school in Canton Township, Stark County, Ohio, United States. The school, typically enrolling around 800 students in the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grades, is the only high school in the Canton Local School District. It is a member school of the former Stark County Board of Education (now known as the Stark County Educational Service Center).", "title": "Canton South High School" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crosswinds East Metro Arts and Science School is a year-round arts and science magnet school located in Woodbury, Minnesota, United States. Crosswinds focuses on cultural diversity, alternative learning styles, and environmental science as the foundations of its education. It provides academic and artistic opportunities for students from urban and suburban neighborhoods to achieve continuing success in a year-round program. The Perpich Center for Arts Education manages Crosswinds. Crosswinds teaches students from ages 11 to 16 (grades 6 through 10). In the beginning of the 2000s there was large gains for students of color, and with the recent conveyance student achievement has declined significantly according to standardized state testing results.", "title": "Crosswinds East Metro Arts and Science School" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition to such annual festivals like Calle Ocho Festival and Carnaval Miami, Miami is home to many entertainment venues, theaters, museums, parks and performing arts centers. The newest addition to the Miami arts scene is the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, the second-largest performing arts center in the United States after the Lincoln Center in New York City, and is the home of the Florida Grand Opera. Within it are the Ziff Ballet Opera House, the center's largest venue, the Knight Concert Hall, the Carnival Studio Theater and the Peacock Rehearsal Studio. The center attracts many large-scale operas, ballets, concerts, and musicals from around the world and is Florida's grandest performing arts center. Other performing arts venues in Miami include the Gusman Center for the Performing Arts, Coconut Grove Playhouse, Colony Theatre, Lincoln Theatre, New World Center, Actor's Playhouse at the Miracle Theatre, Jackie Gleason Theatre, Manuel Artime Theater, Ring Theatre, Playground Theatre, Wertheim Performing Arts Center, the Fair Expo Center and the Bayfront Park Amphitheater for outdoor music events.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Danalite was first described in 1866 from a deposit in Essex County, Massachusetts and named for American mineralogist James Dwight Dana (1813–1895).", "title": "Danalite" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Center for Arts Education (CAE) is a nonprofit organization in New York City, New York, in the United States. It promotes arts education in the public schools and between 1996 and 2008 spent nearly $40 million. It claimed to have affected over 500 schools, 490,000 students, 21,000 teachers and 75,000 parents and to have supported more than 400 cultural organizations.", "title": "The Center for Arts Education" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bright School is a school in Gujarat, India, with a strength of around 15,000 students under the care of around 900 teaching and non-teaching staff. It is managed by the Bright Education Trust.", "title": "Bright School, Baroda" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The School for Creative and Performing Arts (SCPA) is a magnet arts school in Cincinnati in the US state of Ohio, and part of the Cincinnati Public Schools (CPS). SCPA was founded in 1973 as one of the first magnet schools in Cincinnati and became the first school in the country to combine a full range of arts studies with a complete college-preparatory academic program for elementary through high school students. Of the approximately 350 arts schools in the United States, SCPA is one of the oldest and has been cited as a model for both racial integration and for arts programs in over 100 cities.", "title": "School for Creative and Performing Arts" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death Note is a 37 - episode anime series based on the manga series of the same name written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata. Death Note aired in Japan on the Nippon Television (NTV) network every Tuesday, from October 3, 2006, to June 26, 2007. The plot of the series primarily revolves around high school student Light Yagami, who decides to rid the world of evil with the help of a supernatural notebook called a Death Note. This book causes the death of anyone whose name is written in it and is passed on to Light by the Shinigami Ryuk after he becomes bored within the Shinigami world.", "title": "List of Death Note episodes" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The High School of Art and Design is a Career and Technical Education high school in Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1936 as the School of Industrial Art, the school moved to 1075 Second Avenue in 1960 and more recently, its Midtown Manhattan location on 56th Street, between Second and Third Avenues, in September 2012. High School of Art and Design is operated by the New York City Department of Education.", "title": "High School of Art and Design" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Metropolitan Learning Center (MLC) is a magnet school that is based in Bloomfield, Connecticut. The school is part of the Capitol Region Education Council.", "title": "Metropolitan Learning Center (Bloomfield, Connecticut)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nelung Arts Center is an art center in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Opened in 2010, it houses a dance school, a theater and an art gallery. Established by the \"Nelung Arts Foundation\" which was founded by Niloufer Pieris a former Sri Lankan ballerina, the center is managed by the \"Royal Nelung Foundation\" under the preview of the Royal College Union.", "title": "Nelung Arts Centre" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Creative Arts Morgan Village Academy (CAMVA) is a seven - year magnet public middle / high school that focuses on fine and performing arts programs in addition to academic programming for students in seventh through twelfth grades in the City of Camden, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States, operating as part of the Camden City Public Schools. The school opened in 1999 with a freshman class of under 50 students, as one of three magnet schools in Camden, along with Brimm Medical Arts High School and MetEast High School. As of 2011, the academy added a middle school program for grades 6 - 8. Camden residents entering sixth or ninth grades are eligible to apply and must demonstrate interest in a particular field of the arts as well as meet minimum grade and attendance standards. Admission is based on a combination of criteria including auditions, academic scores and interviews.", "title": "Creative Arts Morgan Village Academy" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Conwell Middle Magnet School is a historic middle school located in the Port Richmond neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is a magnet school in the School District of Philadelphia. The building was designed by Irwin T. Catharine and built in 1925–1926. It is a three-story, nine-bay, brick building on a raised basement in the Late Gothic Revival style. It features a central arched entryway with stone surround, stone two-story bay, and carved stone panels. The school was named for Temple University founder Russell Conwell.", "title": "Conwell Middle Magnet School" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived. Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city. Thus, one can see the statues of the famous teachers and educators of the past not too far from those of the courtesans who educated the young men in the other arts.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Philadelphia High School for Girls, also known as Girls' High, is a public university-preparatory magnet high school for girls in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. As its name suggests, the school's enrollment is all female.", "title": "Philadelphia High School for Girls" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The James Dwight Dana House, also known as the Dana House, is a historic 19th-century Italianate house at 24 Hillhouse Avenue in New Haven, Connecticut, in the United States. This building, designed by New Haven architect Henry Austin, was the home of Yale University geology professor James Dwight Dana (1813–95). It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965 for its association with Dana, who produced the first published works emphasizing that the study of geology was a much broader discipline than the examination of individual rocks.", "title": "James Dwight Dana House" } ]

[ { "answer": "James Dwight Dana", "id": 135437, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "What is Danalite named after?", "raw_question": "What is Danalite named after?", "statement": "Danalite is named after James Dwight Dana." }, { "answer": "New Haven", "id": 804098, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "James Dwight Dana >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "James Dwight Dana died in New Haven." }, { "answer": "ACES Educational Center for the Arts", "id": 24065, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "What magnet school in New Haven is centered around arts education?", "raw_question": "What magnet school in #2 is centered around arts education?", "statement": "ACES Educational Center for the Arts is a magnet school in New Haven centered around arts education." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hottest Night of the Year is a studio album by Canadian country music artist Anne Murray. It was released by Capitol Records in 1982. The album reached #29 on Billboard's Country albums chart and peaked at #90 on the Billboard Pop albums chart. Its US sales were estimated at approximately 200,000 copies.", "title": "The Hottest Night of the Year" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Can't Break It to My Heart\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Tracy Lawrence. It was released in June 1993 as the second single from his album, \"Alibis\". The song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and peaked at number 2 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart.", "title": "Can't Break It to My Heart" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kublai (; ; ) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (\"Ikh Mongol Uls\"), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position). He also founded the Yuan dynasty in China as a conquest dynasty in 1271, and ruled as the first Yuan emperor until his death in 1294.", "title": "Kublai Khan" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sammi Smith's recording reached number - one on the U.S. country charts and won the Grammy Award for Best Country Music Female performance. On February 20, 1971, it reached number 8 on Billboard's U.S. pop singles chart, and also enjoyed success in Canada. Adult - Contemporary stations took to the song, and it peaked at number 3 on Billboard's Easy Listening chart. Additionally, it spent three weeks at number 1 on the Country chart. The song became a gold record.", "title": "Help Me Make It Through the Night" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mongol conquest of China was a series of major military efforts by the Mongol Empire to invade China proper. It spanned six decades in the 13th century and involved the defeat of the Jin dynasty, Western Xia, the Dali Kingdom and the Southern Song. The Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan started the conquest with small - scale raids into Western Xia in 1205 and 1207. By 1279, the Mongol leader Kublai Khan had established the Yuan dynasty in China and crushed the last Song resistance, which marked the onset of all of China under the Mongol Yuan rule. This was the first time in history that the whole of China was conquered and subsequently ruled by a foreign or non-native ruler.", "title": "Mongol conquest of China" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital. However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange for the abdication of Puyi, the Last Emperor. Yuan demanded the capital be Beijing (closer to his power base).", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``A Country Boy Can Survive ''is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr. The song was released as a single in January 1982 and reached a peak of number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles charts in March 1982. It is considered one of Williams' signature songs even though it never reached number one.", "title": "A Country Boy Can Survive" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "King's song peaked at number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. Kay Starr recorded the song later in 1950. Her version peaked at number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Billy Grammer recorded and charted (#50) in 1959 with a crossover pop and country version. Glen Campbell then covered the song for his 1974 album \"Houston (I'm Comin' to See You)\". It was released in July 1974 as the album's second single. Campbell's version peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada.", "title": "Bonaparte's Retreat (Pee Wee King song)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The highest charting version is by American country music artist Narvel Felts. Released in 1975, it was the first single from his album \"Narvel Felts\". The song peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada.", "title": "Reconsider Me" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song became a 1957 hit for US country singer Marty Robbins, which peaked at number one on the US country chart for four weeks and reaching number fifteen on the Billboard Top 100 and number two on Australian Singles Chart.", "title": "The Story of My Life (Marty Robbins song)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Gregorian calendar's measurement. Road and water communications were reorganized and improved. To provide against possible famines, granaries were ordered built throughout the empire. The city of Beijing was rebuilt with new palace grounds that included artificial lakes, hills and mountains, and parks. During the Yuan period, Beijing became the terminus of the Grand Canal of China, which was completely renovated. These commercially oriented improvements encouraged overland and maritime commerce throughout Asia and facilitated direct Chinese contacts with Europe. Chinese travelers to the West were able to provide assistance in such areas as hydraulic engineering. Contacts with the West also brought the introduction to China of a major food crop, sorghum, along with other foreign food products and methods of preparation.", "title": "Yuan dynasty" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Wine Me Up\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Faron Young. It was released in May 1969 as the first single from his album \"Wine Me Up\". The song peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart and reached number 3 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada.", "title": "Wine Me Up" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"A Woman Always Knows\" is a single by American country music artist David Houston. Released in December 1970, it was the second single from his album \"A Woman Always Knows\". The song peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada.", "title": "A Woman Always Knows" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart. In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family.", "title": "Pug" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the conquest of Dali in 1253, the former ruling Duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general, recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing-era governments, principally in the province of Yunnan. Succession for the Yuan dynasty, however, was an intractable problem, later causing much strife and internal struggle. This emerged as early as the end of Kublai's reign. Kublai originally named his eldest son, Zhenjin, as the Crown Prince, but he died before Kublai in 1285. Thus, Zhenjin's third son, with the support of his mother Kökejin and the minister Bayan, succeeded the throne and ruled as Temür Khan, or Emperor Chengzong, from 1294 to 1307. Temür Khan decided to maintain and continue much of the work begun by his grandfather. He also made peace with the western Mongol khanates as well as neighboring countries such as Vietnam, which recognized his nominal suzerainty and paid tributes for a few decades. However, the corruption in the Yuan dynasty began during the reign of Temür Khan.", "title": "Yuan dynasty" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Crude Oil Blues\" is a song written and recorded by American country artist Jerry Reed. It was released in February 1974 as the lead single from the album, \"A Good Woman's Love\". The song reached peaks of number 13 on the U.S. country chart and number 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "title": "The Crude Oil Blues" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors \"viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet.\" He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet and \"fill once more the political vacuum in that country.\" On the mass Mongol conversion to Tibetan Buddhism under Altan Khan, Laird writes that \"the Chinese watched these developments with interest, though few Chinese ever became devout Tibetan Buddhists.\"", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhejiang's main manufacturing sectors are electromechanical industries, textiles, chemical industries, food, and construction materials. In recent years Zhejiang has followed its own development model, dubbed the \"Zhejiang model\", which is based on prioritizing and encouraging entrepreneurship, an emphasis on small businesses responsive to the whims of the market, large public investments into infrastructure, and the production of low-cost goods in bulk for both domestic consumption and export. As a result, Zhejiang has made itself one of the richest provinces, and the \"Zhejiang spirit\" has become something of a legend within China. However, some economists now worry that this model is not sustainable, in that it is inefficient and places unreasonable demands on raw materials and public utilities, and also a dead end, in that the myriad small businesses in Zhejiang producing cheap goods in bulk are unable to move to more sophisticated or technologically more advanced industries. The economic heart of Zhejiang is moving from North Zhejiang, centered on Hangzhou, southeastward to the region centered on Wenzhou and Taizhou. The per capita disposable income of urbanites in Zhejiang reached 24,611 yuan (US$3,603) in 2009, an annual real growth of 8.3%. The per capita pure income of rural residents stood at 10,007 yuan (US$1,465), a real growth of 8.1% year-on-year. Zhejiang's nominal GDP for 2011 was 3.20 trillion yuan (US$506 billion) with a per capita GDP of 44,335 yuan (US$6,490). In 2009, Zhejiang's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 116.2 billion yuan (US$17 billion), 1.1843 trillion yuan (US$173.4 billion), and 982.7 billion yuan (US$143.9 billion) respectively.", "title": "Zhejiang" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The late Turrell V. Wylie, a former professor of the University of Washington, and Li Tieh-tseng argue that the reliability of the heavily censored History of Ming as a credible source on Sino-Tibetan relations is questionable, in the light of modern scholarship. Other historians also assert that these Ming titles were nominal and did not actually confer the authority that the earlier Yuan titles had. Van Praag writes that the \"numerous economically motivated Tibetan missions to the Ming Court are referred to as 'tributary missions' in the Ming Shih.\" Van Praag writes that these \"tributary missions\" were simply prompted by China's need for horses from Tibet, since a viable horse market in Mongol lands was closed as a result of incessant conflict. Morris Rossabi also writes that \"Tibet, which had extensive contacts with China during the Yuan, scarcely had diplomatic relations with the Ming.\"", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations. The balance of payments identity requires that a country (such as the U.S.) running a current account deficit also have a capital account (investment) surplus of the same amount. Hence large and growing amounts of foreign funds (capital) flowed into the U.S. to finance its imports.", "title": "Tanzania" } ]

[ { "answer": "China", "id": 107322, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Which was the country for Pug?", "raw_question": "Which was the country for Pug?", "statement": "Pugs originated in China." }, { "answer": "Tibet", "id": 799, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Who had a large amount of contacts with China during Yuan?", "raw_question": "Who had a large amount of contacts with #1 during Yuan?", "statement": "Tibet had a large amount of contacts with China during the Yuan dynasty." }, { "answer": "1642", "id": 919, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "When did the conquest of Tibet reach its peak?", "raw_question": "When did the conquest of #2 reach its peak?", "statement": "The conquest of Tibet reached its peak in 1642." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mansour bin Mutaib received all his higher education degrees from George Washington University: a bachelor of arts degree in business administration in 1976; a master of arts degree in 1979 and a PhD in public administration in 1986. His thesis has the title of ‘Improvement in the productivity of public sector in the Kingdom”.", "title": "Mansour bin Mutaib Al Saud" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To encourage settlers to come to Virginia, in November, 1618 the Virginia Company's leaders gave instructions to the new Governor Sir George Yeardley, which became known as ``the great charter. ''Emigrants who paid their own way to Virginia would receive fifty acres of land and not be mere tenants. Civil authority would control the military. In 1619, based on the instructions, Governor Yeardley initiated the election 22 burgesses by the settlements and Jamestown, who, together with the royally - appointed Governor and six - member Council of State, would form the first General Assembly as a unicameral body. The governor could veto its actions and the Company still maintained overall control of the venture, but the settlers would have a limited say in the management of their own affairs, including their finances. A House of Assembly was created at the same time in Bermuda (which had also been settled by the Virginia Company, and was by then managed by its offshoot, the Somers Isles Company) and held its first session in 1620.", "title": "House of Burgesses" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration was established in the year 1962 as UNESCO Asian Centre for Educational Planners, Administrators and Supervisors which later became the Asian Institute of Educational Planning and Administration in 1965, which was later converted into the National Staff College for Educational Planners and Administrators in 1973, which was again rechristened as National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA) in the year 1979. In 2006, NIEPA was given the status of a Deemed to be University", "title": "National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Education District is a district in Downtown Bakersfield, California. Its predominant businesses are satellite campuses for both public and private colleges and universities. Unlike several other districts in downtown, the Education District did not come about because of formal planning but because like businesses decided to locate themselves together.", "title": "Education District, Bakersfield" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "American Research and Development Corporation (ARDC) was a venture capital and private equity firm founded in 1946 by Georges Doriot, the former dean of Harvard Business School and \"father of venture capitalism\", with Ralph Flanders and Karl Compton (former president of MIT).", "title": "American Research and Development Corporation" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the university's establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. The town became a regional transportation hub in 1839 with the arrival of the Michigan Central Railroad, and a north—south railway connecting Ann Arbor to Toledo and other markets to the south was established in 1878. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor. While the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, and Poland. Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbor's Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, and its first and oldest synagogue, Beth Israel Congregation, was established in 1916.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March 2012 the Grand National Assembly passed new legislation on primary and secondary education usually termed as ``4 + 4 + 4 ''(4 years primary education, first level, 4 years primary education, second level and 4 years secondary education). Children will begin their primary education in the first month of September following their sixth birthdays and will come to a close during the school year in which students turn 14 years old.", "title": "Education in Turkey" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The movement to create a territory within the present boundaries of Colorado followed nearly immediately. Citizens of Denver and Golden pushed for territorial status of the newly settled region within a year of the founding of the towns. The movement was promoted by William Byers, publisher of the Rocky Mountain News, and by Larimer, who aspired to be the first territorial governor. In 1859, settlers established the Territory of Jefferson, and held elections, but the United States Congress did not recognize the territory, and it never gained legal status.", "title": "Colorado Territory" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The MIT Blackjack Team was a group of students and ex-students from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, and other leading colleges who used card counting techniques and more sophisticated strategies to beat casinos at blackjack worldwide. The team and its successors operated successfully from 1979 through the beginning of the 21st century. Many other blackjack teams have been formed around the world with the goal of beating the casinos.", "title": "MIT Blackjack Team" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Baker is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in White Pine County, Nevada, United States. It is located east of the main entrance of Great Basin National Park at the junction of State Routes 487 and 488. The town is named after an early settler, George W. Baker. Its population at the 2010 census was 68.", "title": "Baker, Nevada" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Massachusetts was first colonized by principally English Europeans in the early 17th century, and became the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the 18th century. Prior to English colonization of the area, it was inhabited by a variety of mainly Algonquian language indigenous tribes. The first permanent English settlement in New England came in 1620 with the founding of Plymouth Colony by the Pilgrims who sailed on the Mayflower. It set precedents but never grew large. A large - scale Puritan migration began in 1630 with the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and spawned the settlement of other New England colonies. Friction with the natives erupted in the high - casualty King Philip's War in the 1670s. Puritanism was the established religion and was strictly enforced; dissenters were exiled. The Colony clashed with Anglican opponents in England over its religious intolerance and the status of its charter. Most people were farmers. Businessmen established wide - ranging trade links, sending ships to the West Indies and Europe, and sometimes shipping goods in violation of the Navigation Acts. These political and trade issues led to the revocation of the Massachusetts charter in 1684.", "title": "History of Massachusetts" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the early 1850s American settlers began agitating to separate the area north of the Columbia River from Oregon Territory. The agitation resulted in Congress creating Washington Territory. Isaac I. Stevens served as its first governor. Upon his arrival in 1853, Stevens designated Olympia capital of the new territory. The first territorial legislature convened early in 1854 at the Parker and Colter store on Main Street (now Capital Way) between State Street and Olympia Ave. Olympia's Daniel Bigelow represented Thurston County in the first three legislatures. His family home still stands, now known as Bigelow House Museum, Olympia's oldest surviving home.", "title": "History of Olympia, Washington" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Unlike those of Mexican states' schools, curricula of Mexico City's public schools is managed by the federal Secretary of Public Education. The whole funding is allocated by the government of Mexico City (in some specific cases, such as El Colegio de México, funding comes from both the city's government and other public and private national and international entities).[citation needed] The city's public high school system is the Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal (IEMS-DF).", "title": "Mexico City" } ]

[ { "answer": "Harvard Business School", "id": 632232, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Georges Doriot >> educated at", "raw_question": "Georges Doriot >> educated at", "statement": "Georges Doriot was educated at Harvard Business School." }, { "answer": "Massachusetts", "id": 164954, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Harvard Business School >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Georges Doriot was educated at Harvard Business School, located in Massachusetts." }, { "answer": "1620", "id": 75527, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "when did the first settlers come to Massachusetts", "raw_question": "when did the first settlers come to #2", "statement": "The first settlers came to Massachusetts in 1620." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Istanbul's persistently high humidity reaches 80 percent most mornings. Because of this, fog is very common, although more so in northern parts of the city and away from the city center. Dense fog disrupts transportation in the region, including on the Bosphorus, and is common during the autumn and winter months when the humidity remains high into the afternoon. The humid conditions and the fog tend to dissipate by midday during the summer months, but the lingering humidity exacerbates the moderately high summer temperatures. During these summer months, high temperatures average around 29 °C (84 °F) and rainfall is uncommon; there are only about fifteen days with measurable precipitation between June and August. The summer months also have the highest concentration of thunderstorms.Winter is colder in Istanbul than in most other cities around the Mediterranean Basin, with low temperatures averaging 1–4 °C (34–39 °F). Lake-effect snow from the Black Sea is common, although difficult to forecast, with the potential to be heavy and—as with the fog—disruptive to the city's infrastructure. Spring and autumn are mild, but often wet and unpredictable; chilly winds from the northwest and warm gusts from the south—sometimes in the same day—tend to cause fluctuations in temperature. Overall, Istanbul has an annual average of 130 days with significant precipitation, which amounts to 810 millimeters (31.9 in) per year. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in the city center on the Marmara coast are 40.5 °C (105 °F) and −16.1 °C (3 °F). The greatest rainfall recorded in a day is 227 millimeters (8.9 in), and the highest recorded snow cover is 80 centimeters (31 in).", "title": "Istanbul" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time. As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an Arctic cold front of unprecedented intensity slammed across the state, causing the temperature to crash 66 degrees, down to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same date. This type of phenomenon is also responsible for many of the tornadoes in the area, such as the 1912 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, when a warm front traveled along a stalled cold front, resulting in an average of about one tornado per hour over the course of a day.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat. Set during the Invasion of Normandy in World War II, the film is notable for its graphic portrayal of war, and for the intensity of its opening 27 minutes, which includes a depiction of the Omaha Beach assault during the Normandy landings. It follows United States Army Rangers Captain John H. Miller (Tom Hanks) and a squad (Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Giovanni Ribisi, Vin Diesel, Adam Goldberg, and Jeremy Davies) as they search for a paratrooper, Private First Class James Francis Ryan (Matt Damon), who is the last - surviving brother of four servicemen.", "title": "Saving Private Ryan" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kopet-Dag mountain range is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the south, and Ashgabat's northern boundary touches the Kara-Kum desert. Because of this Ashgabat has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWk) with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average high temperature in July is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). Nighttimes in the summer are warm, with an average minimum temperature in July of 23.8 °C (75 °F). The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Ashgabat is 47.2 °C (117 °F), recorded in June 2015. A low temperature of −24.1 °C (−11 °F) was recorded in January 1969. Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 millimetres (7.91 in); March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.", "title": "Ashgabat" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This often occurs in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times in a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having \"four seasons in one day\", a phrase that is part of local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city. The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009. While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986.", "title": "Melbourne" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Highest - earning actors in films Actor Film Year Salary Total income Ref Keanu Reeves The Matrix Reloaded The Matrix Revolutions 2003 $30,000,000 $156,000,000 Bruce Willis The Sixth Sense 1999 $14,000,000 $100,000,000 Tom Cruise Mission: Impossible 2 2000 $100,000,000 Tom Cruise War of the Worlds 2005 $100,000,000 Will Smith Men in Black 3 2012 $100,000,000 Robert Downey, Jr. Iron Man 3 2013 $75,000,000 Sandra Bullock Gravity 2013 $20,000,000 $70,000,000 + Tom Hanks Forrest Gump $70,000,000 Tom Cruise Mission: Impossible $70,000,000 Harrison Ford Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull 2008 $65,000,000 Jack Nicholson Batman $6,000,000 $60,000,000 Leonardo DiCaprio Inception $59,000,000 Robert Downey, Jr. Captain America: Civil War 2014 $40,000,000 $40,000,000 + Robert Downey, Jr. Avengers: Age of Ultron 2014 $40,000,000 Johnny Depp Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides 2011 $35,000,000 $55,000,000 Robert Downey, Jr. The Avengers 2012 $50,000,000 Cameron Diaz Bad Teacher 2011 $42,000,000 Leonardo DiCaprio Titanic $40,000,000 Tom Hanks Saving Private Ryan 1998 $40,000,000 Johnny Depp Alice in Wonderland $40,000,000 Aamir Khan Dangal 2016 $37,000,000 + Jim Carrey Yes Man 2008 $35,000,000 Arnold Schwarzenegger Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines 2003 $29,250,000 $30,000,000 + Mel Gibson Lethal Weapon 4 1998 $30,000,000 $30,000,000 Brad Pitt Ocean's Eleven $10,000,000 $30,000,000", "title": "List of highest paid film actors" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miller grew up in East Lansing, Michigan. He started playing youth hockey in California. In youth hockey, Miller originally played as a forward, however, Miller became frustrated with the poor play of his team's goaltender, so he begged his coach as well as his father, Dean Miller, to let him try it out. His father told him that if he could get two goals and three assists the next game he would buy Ryan a catching glove. Miller finished the game with two goals and three assists in the win. His brother Drew is currently a free agent and three cousins (Kelly Miller, Kip Miller and Kevin Miller) all played in the NHL. All five attended Michigan State University, where Ryan Miller played goalie for three years.", "title": "Ryan Miller" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The instrumental temperature record provides the temperature of Earth's climate system from the historical network of in situ measurements of surface air temperatures and ocean surface temperatures. Data are collected at thousands of meteorological stations, buoys and ships around the globe. The longest - running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest - running quasi-global record starts in 1850. In recent decades more extensive sampling of ocean temperatures at various depths have begun allowing estimates of ocean heat content but these do not form part of the global surface temperature datasets.", "title": "Instrumental temperature record" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachians keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is 32.6 °F (0.3 °C); however, temperatures usually drop to 10 °F (−12 °C) several times per winter, and reach 50 °F (10 °C) several days each winter month. Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from chilly to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically warm to hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of 76.5 °F (24.7 °C) in July and an average humidity level of 72%. Nighttime conditions are often exacerbated by the urban heat island phenomenon, while daytime temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 17 days each summer and in some years exceed 100 °F (38 °C). In the warmer months, the dew point, a measure of atmospheric moisture, ranges from 57.3 °F (14.1 °C) in June to 62.0 °F (16.7 °C) in August. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −15 °F (−26 °C), recorded on February 9, 1934, up to 106 °F (41 °C) on July 9, 1936.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria. The Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range mountain system extending east-west through the centre of Victoria. Average temperatures are less than 9 °C (48 °F) in winter and below 0 °C (32 °F) in the highest parts of the ranges. The state's lowest minimum temperature of −11.7 °C (10.9 °F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965, and again at Falls Creek on 3 July 1970. Temperature extremes for the state are listed in the table below:", "title": "Victoria (Australia)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aitken began his career as an apprentice with Bristol Rovers, making his debut in the 1972–73 season. He joined local rivals Bristol City in 1980, and two years later, with the club in danger of folding, Aitken was one of the \"Ashton Gate Eight\", eight players who agreed to terminate their contracts to save the club. The others were Dave Rodger, Geoff Merrick, Julian Marshall, Chris Garland, Jimmy Mann, Trevor Tainton, and Gerry Sweeney. While at Rovers he was the club captain, and after joining City he became the only player to captain both Bristol Clubs.", "title": "Peter Aitken" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mean monthly temperatures range from around 53 F in January to 82 F in July. High temperatures average 64 to 92 °F (18 to 33 °C) throughout the year. High heat indices are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above 110 °F (43.3 °C) possible. The highest temperature recorded was 104 °F (40 °C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872. It is common for thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon. These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Delhi features a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) bordering a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The warm season lasts from 21 March to 15 June with an average daily high temperature above 39 °C (102 °F). The hottest day of the year is 22 May, with an average high of 40 °C (104 °F) and low of 28 °C (82 °F). The cold season lasts from 26 November to 9 February with an average daily high temperature below 20 °C (68 °F). The coldest day of the year is 4 January, with an average low of 2 °C (36 °F) and high of 14 °C (57 °F). In early March, the wind direction changes from north-westerly to south-westerly. From April to October the weather is hot. The monsoon arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity. The brief, mild winter starts in late November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs.Temperatures in Delhi usually range from 2 to 47 °C (35.6 to 116.6 °F), with the lowest and highest temperatures ever recorded being −2.2 and 48.4 °C (28.0 and 119.1 °F), respectively. The annual mean temperature is 25 °C (77 °F); monthly mean temperatures range from 13 to 32 °C (55 to 90 °F). The highest temperature recorded in July was 45 °C (113 °F) in 1931. The average annual rainfall is approximately 886 mm (34.9 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in July and August. The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Delhi is 29 June.", "title": "Delhi" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Lovin 'Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again) ''is a song written, composed, first recorded, and first released by Kris Kristofferson. It was also recorded and released by Roger Miller, who included it on his album The Best of Roger Miller and released it as a single in July 1971. Ten years later, it was recorded by Tompall & the Glaser Brothers for the album Lovin' Her Was Easier.", "title": "Lovin' Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The club currently holds the record for the most Premier League titles with 13, and the highest number of English top - flight titles with 20. The club's record appearance maker is Ryan Giggs, who made 963 appearances between 1991 and 2014, and the club's record goalscorer is Wayne Rooney, who scored 253 goals in 559 appearances between 2004 and 2017.", "title": "List of Manchester United F.C. records and statistics" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 °C (115 °F) in summers to around 0 °C (32 °F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and mild winters, a monsoonal period, and dust storms. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 °C (57 to 93 °F). New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −3.2 °C (26.2 °F). Those for Delhi metropolis stand at 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) and −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) respectively. The average annual rainfall is 784 millimetres (30.9 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Atlantic Ocean and the warming influence of the Gulf Stream affect weather patterns in Ireland. Temperatures differ regionally, with central and eastern areas tending to be more extreme. However, due to a temperate oceanic climate, temperatures are seldom lower than −5 °C (23 °F) in winter or higher than 26 °C (79 °F) in summer. The highest temperature recorded in Ireland was 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) on 26 June 1887 at Kilkenny Castle in Kilkenny, while the lowest temperature recorded was −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) at Markree Castle in Sligo. Rainfall is more prevalent during winter months and less so during the early months of summer. Southwestern areas experience the most rainfall as a result of south westerly winds, while Dublin receives the least. Sunshine duration is highest in the southeast of the country. The far north and west are two of the windiest regions in Europe, with great potential for wind energy generation.", "title": "Republic of Ireland" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guam's climate is characterized as tropical marine moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. The weather is generally very warm and humid with little seasonal temperature variation. The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm). The dry season runs from December to June. The remaining months (July to November) constitute the rainy season. The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of 70–75 °F (21–24 °C) and low humidity levels. The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (36 °C) on April 18, 1971 and April 1, 1990, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was 65 °F (18 °C) on February 8, 1973.", "title": "Guam" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Terminal is a 2004 American comedy - drama film directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Tom Hanks and Catherine Zeta - Jones. The film is about a man who becomes stuck in New York's John F. Kennedy Airport terminal when he is denied entry into the United States and at the same time can not return to his native country because of a military coup.", "title": "The Terminal" } ]

[ { "answer": "Tom Hanks", "id": 75023, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "who is captain miller in saving private ryan", "raw_question": "who is captain miller in saving private ryan", "statement": "Captain Miller in Saving Private Ryan is played by Tom Hanks." }, { "answer": "New York", "id": 58494, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "where is Tom Hanks from in the terminal", "raw_question": "where is #1 from in the terminal", "statement": "Tom Hanks is from New York." }, { "answer": "July 9, 1936", "id": 1861, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "On what date did New York record its highest temperature ever?", "raw_question": "On what date did #2 record its highest temperature ever?", "statement": "New York recorded its highest temperature ever on July 9, 1936." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carter Lake is a shallow oxbow lake in Nebraska and Iowa, located next to Omaha and Carter Lake. Soon after its formation the lake was called the East Omaha Lake, and then Lake Nakoma.", "title": "Carter Lake (Iowa–Nebraska)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The lake is located near Hot Springs, Arkansas. Lake Ouachita is the largest lake completely in Arkansas, as the larger Bull Shoals Lake extends into Missouri. Lake Ouachita has over 690 miles (1,110 km) of shoreline and over 66,324 acres (26,840 ha) of water. It is completely surrounded by the Ouachita National Forest. Lake Ouachita is located near two other lakes, Lake Hamilton and Lake Catherine. These three lakes, DeGray Lake to the near south, and the thermal springs of Hot Springs National Park make Hot Springs a popular tourist getaway.", "title": "Lake Ouachita" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Schermützelsee is a lake in Brandenburg, Germany. It is located in the town of Buckow in the district Märkisch-Oderland northwest of Müncheberg and east of the Berlin centre. With its surface area of 1.37 km² it is the largest water in the hill country „Märkische Schweiz“ and in the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park.", "title": "Schermützelsee" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Smoking Hills are located on the east coast of Cape Bathurst in Canada's Northwest Territories, next to the Arctic Ocean and a small group of lakes. The cliffs were named by explorer John Franklin, who was the first European to see them on his 1826 expeditions. They contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries.", "title": "Smoking Hills" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The body of water named Lake Placid is a lake in the Adirondack Mountains in northern New York, the United States. It is on the northern side of the Village of Lake Placid. Fender guitars has named a color for their guitars after this lake with guitars available in \"Lake Placid Blue\".", "title": "Lake Placid (New York)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Summersville Lake is a reservoir located in the US state of West Virginia. The lake is formed by a rock - fill dam (Summersville Dam) on the Gauley River, south of Summersville in Nicholas County. It is the largest lake in West Virginia, with 2,700 acres (1,100 ha) of water and over 60 miles (97 km) of shoreline at the summer pool water level. Its maximum depth is 327 feet.", "title": "Summersville Lake" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Enterprise is a hamlet in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, located between Great Slave Lake and the Alberta border on the Hay River.", "title": "Enterprise, Northwest Territories" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trehörningen (Swedish: \"The Triangle\") is a small lake located in the municipality Huddinge in southern Stockholm, Sweden. As part of the Tyresån Lake System, Trehörningen receives water from Lake Gömmaren and supplies water to Lake Ågesta.", "title": "Trehörningen (Sjödalen)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "This ocean has most of the islands in the world. There are about 25,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. The islands entirely within the Pacific Ocean can be divided into three main groups known as Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia. Micronesia, which lies north of the equator and west of the International Date Line, includes the Mariana Islands in the northwest, the Caroline Islands in the center, the Marshall Islands to the west and the islands of Kiribati in the southeast.", "title": "Pacific Ocean" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burnt River is a hamlet located in the middle of the former Township of Somerville, in the City of Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, Canada. The community is on the Burnt River.", "title": "Burnt River, Ontario" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee (\"upper lake\"), the Untersee (\"lower lake\"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein (\"Lake Rhine\"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps. Specifically, its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, the Austrian state of Vorarlberg, and the Swiss cantons of Thurgau and St. Gallen. The Rhine flows into it from the south following the Swiss-Austrian border. It is located at approximately 47°39′N 9°19′E / 47.650°N 9.317°E / 47.650; 9.317.", "title": "Rhine" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sandy Lake is an unincorporated community Native American village located in Turner Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. Its name in the Ojibwe language is \"Gaa-mitaawangaagamaag\", meaning \"Place of the Sandy-shored Lake\". The village is administrative center for the Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, though the administration of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation, District II, is located in the nearby East Lake.", "title": "Sandy Lake, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heceta Head ( ) is a headland that stands above the Pacific Ocean in Lane County, Oregon, United States. The Heceta Head Light is located on its south side. Heceta Head is named after the Basque explorer under Spanish Commission, Bruno de Heceta, who explored the Pacific Northwest in the 1770s. The headland marks the end of a lower-lying stretch of the coastline to the south dominated by sand dunes; the coastline to the north is more varied. Devils Elbow is the bay south of the headland at the mouth of Cape Creek, and with the headland formed Devils Elbow State Park, which is now part of Heceta Head Lighthouse State Scenic Viewpoint.", "title": "Heceta Head" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heggmovatnet is a lake that lies in the municipality of Bodø in Nordland county, Norway. The lake is located about northeast of the village of Løding. The lake is regulated and it is the main water source for the town of Bodø. The water flows out of the lake into the river Heggmoelva, which then flows into the lake Vatnvatnet. Sjunkhatten National Park surrounds the lake.", "title": "Heggmovatnet" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.", "title": "Lake Oesa" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland. Norfolk Island is the main island of the island group the territory encompasses and is located at 29°02′S 167°57′E / 29.033°S 167.950°E / -29.033; 167.950. It has an area of 34.6 square kilometres (13.4 sq mi), with no large-scale internal bodies of water and 32 km (20 mi) of coastline. The island's highest point is Mount Bates (319 metres (1,047 feet) above sea level), located in the northwest quadrant of the island. The majority of the terrain is suitable for farming and other agricultural uses. Phillip Island, the second largest island of the territory, is located at 29°07′S 167°57′E / 29.117°S 167.950°E / -29.117; 167.950, seven kilometres (4.3 miles) south of the main island.", "title": "Norfolk Island" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Triangle Lake is an unincorporated community in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is about west of Junction City on Oregon Route 36, on the southwest side of the lake of same name. Lake Creek, a tributary of the Siuslaw River, enters and exits the lake. Triangle Lake is closely linked to the unincorporated community of Blachly, on the northeast side of the lake, and the two communities share the K-12 Triangle Lake School, the only school in Blachly School District. Triangle Lake is served by the Blachly post office and the Pioneer Telephone Cooperative.", "title": "Triangle Lake, Oregon" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Black Lake is located in Cheboygan and Presque Isle counties in northern Michigan, United States. With a surface area of , it is the seventh largest inland lake in Michigan. The largest body of water in the Black River watershed, it drains through the Lower Black and Cheboygan rivers into Lake Huron. Black Lake is a summer destination for many families from the suburban Detroit area and from other nearby states as well as residents of the neighboring town of Onaway.", "title": "Black Lake (Michigan)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Lane County", "id": 319258, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Triangle Lake >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Triangle Lake >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Lane County is located in the state of Oregon." }, { "answer": "Pacific Ocean", "id": 603923, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Lane County >> located in or next to body of water", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in or next to body of water", "statement": "Lane County is located next to the Pacific Ocean." }, { "answer": "Caroline Islands", "id": 43805, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "country in the middle of Pacific Ocean", "raw_question": "country in the middle of #2", "statement": "The Caroline Islands are in the middle of the Pacific Ocean." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since its founding in 1949, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had a diplomatic tug - of - war with its rival in Taiwan, the Republic of China (ROC). Throughout the Cold War, both governments claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all China and allowed countries to recognize either one or the other. Until the 1970s, most Western countries recognized the ROC while the communist bloc and third world countries generally recognized the PRC. This gradually shifted and today only 19 UN member states recognize the ROC while the PRC is recognized by the United Nations and the majority (175) of sovereign states around the world and Palestine. Both the ROC and the PRC maintain the requirement of recognizing its view of the One - China policy to establish or maintain diplomatic relations.", "title": "Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock, and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance. In 1897 John Abel of Johns Hopkins University identified the active principle as epinephrine, which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt. Industrial chemist Jokichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state, and licensed the technology to Parke Davis. Parke Davis marketed epinephrine under the trade name Adrenalin. Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks, and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 (Primatene Mist). By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion.", "title": "Pharmaceutical industry" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The site of the UN headquarters has extraterritoriality status. This affects some law enforcement where UN rules override the laws of New York City, but it does not give immunity to those who commit crimes there. In addition, the United Nations Headquarters remains under the jurisdiction and laws of the United States, although a few members of the UN staff have diplomatic immunity and so can not be prosecuted by local courts unless the diplomatic immunity is waived by the Secretary - General. In 2005, Secretary - General Kofi Annan waived the immunity of Benon Sevan, Aleksandr Yakovlev, and Vladimir Kuznetsov in relation to the Oil - for - Food Programme, and all were charged in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Benon Sevan later fled the United States to Cyprus, while Aleksandr Yakovlev and Vladimir Kuznetsov decided to stand trial.", "title": "Headquarters of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pseudomonas amyloderamosa is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that produces isoamylase. Because this organism is patented, it is not officially recognized as a legitimate \"Pseudomonas\" species, and therefore has no type strain. It is available, however, through the American Type Culture Collection.", "title": "Pseudomonas amyloderamosa" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Serdar Denktaş (in English often spelled \"Serdar Denktash\") is son of Rauf Denktaş, the former President of the de facto Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.", "title": "Serdar Denktaş" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1964, Turkey tried to invade Cyprus in response to the continuing Cypriot intercommunal violence. But Turkey was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the US President Lyndon B. Johnson on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turkish territory. Meanwhile, by 1964, enosis was a Greek policy that could not be abandoned; Makarios and the Greek prime minister Georgios Papandreou agreed that enosis should be the ultimate aim and King Constantine wished Cyprus \"a speedy union with the mother country\". Greece dispatched 10,000 troops to Cyprus to counter a possible Turkish invasion.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Organized football was introduced to Cyprus early in the 20th century by the British. Initially played in the island's schools, it proved hugely popular and a number of clubs were duly formed. As football became established, the clubs were united in agreeing that an official body was needed to regulate the sport. On 23 September 1934, the Cyprus Football Association was founded by the following eight clubs: AEL Limassol, Anorthosis Famagusta, APOEL, Aris Limassol, EPA Larnaca, Olympiakos Nicosia, Lefkoşa Türk Spor Kulübü and Trust. After Cyprus Football Association's establishment football began to be played on an official basis with the CFA organizing various championships for its member clubs. It became FIFA member in 1948 and UEFA member in 1962.", "title": "Cyprus Football Association" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reaction begins in the amygdala, which triggers a neural response in the hypothalamus. The initial reaction is followed by activation of the pituitary gland and secretion of the hormone ACTH. The adrenal gland is activated almost simultaneously, via the sympathetic nervous system, and releases the hormone epinephrine. The release of chemical messengers results in the production of the hormone cortisol, which increases blood pressure, blood sugar, and suppresses the immune system. The initial response and subsequent reactions are triggered in an effort to create a boost of energy. This boost of energy is activated by epinephrine binding to liver cells and the subsequent production of glucose. Additionally, the circulation of cortisol functions to turn fatty acids into available energy, which prepares muscles throughout the body for response. Catecholamine hormones, such as adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine), facilitate immediate physical reactions associated with a preparation for violent muscular action and:", "title": "Fight-or-flight response" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Pan-Hellenic Council Data Established 1930 Members 9 Continent North America Country United States Headquarters Decatur, Georgia Organization type Coalition of members", "title": "National Pan-Hellenic Council" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions directly overseen by the United States Federal Government. Unlike U.S. states and Native American tribes which exercise limited sovereignty alongside the federal government, territories are without sovereignty. The territories are classified by whether they are incorporated and whether they have an ``organized ''government through an Organic Act passed by the U.S. Congress.", "title": "Territories of the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, and a member state of the European Union. It is located south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, north of Egypt and east of Greece.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canan Öztoprak (born 1955) is a Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Cabinet Minister appointed in the April 2005 TRNC Government of Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer. Her portfolios are National Education and Culture. She has been an active peace activist and founding member of the Cyprus Conflict Resolution Trainers Group.", "title": "Canan Öztoprak" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Since 1965, following clashes between the two communities, the Turkish Cypriot seats in the House remain vacant. In 1974 Cyprus was divided de facto when the Turkish army occupied the northern third of the island. The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but were recognised only by Turkey. In 1985 the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. The United Nations recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island of Cyprus.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The medication was not readily available globally as of 2015. It was believed that pricing will be similar to bedaquiline, which for six months is approximately US$900 in low income countries, US$3,000 in middle income countries, and US$30,000 in high income countries. As of 2016 the Stop TB Partnership had an agreement to get the medication for US$1,700 per six month.", "title": "Delamanid" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.", "title": "List of island countries" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east. UNESCO recognizes neither a Near East nor a Middle East, dividing the countries instead among three regions: Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, and Africa. Its division \"does not forcibly reflect geography\" but \"refers to the execution of regional activities.\" The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) describes its entire theatre of operations as the Near East, but then assigns many of its members to other regions as well; for example, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey are in both the European and the Near Eastern regions. Its total area extends further into Central Asia than that of most agencies.", "title": "Near East" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts; the area under the effective control of the Republic, comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north, administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognised only by Turkey, covering about 36% of the island's area. The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces. The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law, amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO / ˈneɪtoʊ /; French: Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries. The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. NATO constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its independent member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. NATO's Headquarters are located in Haren, Brussels, Belgium, while the headquarters of Allied Command Operations is near Mons, Belgium.", "title": "NATO" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:CY is the entry for Cyprus in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:CY" } ]

[ { "answer": "The United Nations", "id": 31942, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "What organization recognizes the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus?", "raw_question": "What organization recognizes the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus?", "statement": "The United Nations recognizes the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus." }, { "answer": "the United States", "id": 66386, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "the country where the headquarters of The United Nations is located", "raw_question": "the country where the headquarters of #1 is located", "statement": "The United States." }, { "answer": "2011", "id": 16350, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "When did epinephrine stop being available in the United States ?", "raw_question": "When did epinephrine stop being available in #2 ?", "statement": "Epinephrine stopped being available in the United States in 2011." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hang Tuah Stadium was formerly a multi-use stadium in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. It was normally used for football matches and as the home venue for PSPS Pekanbaru of the Liga Indonesia. The stadium had a capacity of 5,000 spectators.", "title": "Hang Tuah Stadium (Pekanbaru)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the o2 arena and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire. Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, South West Four, Lovebox, and Hyde Park's British Summer Time are all held in London. The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Queen, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Eric Clapton, Led Zeppelin, The Small Faces, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, The Police, The Cure, Madness, The Jam, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras is a multi-use unfinished stadium in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and also music concerts. It used to be the home stadium of San Luis F.C. but after it dissolved Atlético San Luis is the current team that play in Alfonso Lastras. The stadium holds 25,111 people and was built in 2002. It is named after the late Alfonso Lastras Ramírez, who was co-founder of an early football club called Cachorros de San Luis.", "title": "Estadio Alfonso Lastras" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The James B. Simmons House, also known as the Simmons-Bond House, was built in 1903 by the noted Georgia architect E. Levi Prater for James B. Simmons, a successful lumberman. The main occupants of the house have been the James B. Simmons and the Julius Belton Bond families. The property was add to the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1983.", "title": "James B. Simmons House" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Casino Royale is a 1967 spy comedy film originally produced by Columbia Pictures featuring an ensemble cast. It is loosely based on Ian Fleming's first James Bond novel. The film stars David Niven as the ``original ''Bond, Sir James Bond 007. Forced out of retirement to investigate the deaths and disappearances of international spies, he soon battles the mysterious Dr. Noah and SMERSH. The film's tagline:`` Casino Royale is too much... for one James Bond!'' refers to Bond's ruse to mislead SMERSH in which six other agents are pretending to be ``James Bond '', namely, baccarat master Evelyn Tremble (Peter Sellers), millionaire spy Vesper Lynd (Ursula Andress), Bond's secretary Miss Moneypenny (Barbara Bouchet), Mata Bond (Joanna Pettet), Bond's daughter by Mata Hari; and British agents`` Coop'' (Terence Cooper) and ``The Detainer ''(Daliah Lavi).", "title": "Casino Royale (1967 film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wembezi Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Estcourt, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home venue of Wembezi Juventus in the Vodacom League.", "title": "Wembezi Stadium" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pete András Stadion is a sports stadium in Kazincbarcika, Hungary. The stadium is home to the famous association football side Kazincbarcikai SC. The stadium has a capacity of 8,000.", "title": "Pete András Stadion" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the most famous stadiums in sporting history, the Rose Bowl is best known as a college football venue, specifically as the host of the annual Rose Bowl Game for which it is named. Since 1982, it has also served as the home stadium of the UCLA Bruins football team. The stadium has also hosted five Super Bowl games, second most of any venue. The Rose Bowl is also a noted soccer venue, having hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup Final, 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup Final, and the 1984 Olympic Gold Medal Match, as well as numerous CONCACAF and United States Soccer Federation matches.", "title": "Rose Bowl (stadium)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richards Bay Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is used mostly for football matches, and is currently home venue for National First Division club Thanda Royal Zulu, and for the Vodacom League clubs Bright Stars and Real Classic.", "title": "Richards Bay Stadium" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tishreen Stadium () is a multi-use all-seater stadium in Damascus, Syria, currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home venue of the al-Shorta SC. The capacity of the stadium is 12,000 seats.", "title": "Tishreen Stadium" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Estadio Pensativo is a football stadium in Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala. The venue is home to first division club Antigua GFC (\"Panzas Verdes\"), and has a maximum capacity of 9,000 people.", "title": "Estadio Pensativo" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doosan Arena, previously known as Stadion města Plzně (Plzeň City Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Plzeň, Czech Republic. It is located in the Štrunc Park near the confluence of Mže and Radbuza rivers. The stadium is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FC Viktoria Plzeň. The stadium holds 11,700 people. It is also known as Stadion ve Štruncových sadech (Stadium in Štrunc Park), named after Emil Štrunc, a former regional chieftain of the Sokol Movement (some people incorrectly think it is named after a famous local footballer Stanislav Štrunc).", "title": "Doosan Arena" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections. Since Fleming's death in 1964, eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations: Kingsley Amis, Christopher Wood, John Gardner, Raymond Benson, Sebastian Faulks, Jeffery Deaver, William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz. The latest novel is \"Forever and a Day\" by Anthony Horowitz, published in May 2018. Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond, and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny.", "title": "James Bond" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francisco Scaramanga is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the James Bond novel and film versions of The Man with the Golden Gun. Scaramanga's signature weapon is a golden gun. In the novel, the character is nicknamed ``Pistols ''Scaramanga and is also called`` Paco'' (a Spanish diminutive of Francisco). In the film, the character was played by Christopher Lee (the real - life step - cousin of James Bond creator Ian Fleming).", "title": "Francisco Scaramanga" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thunderball is the ninth book in Ian Fleming's James Bond series, and the eighth full-length Bond novel. It was first published in the UK by Jonathan Cape on 27 March 1961, where the initial print run of 50,938 copies quickly sold out. The first novelization of an unfilmed James Bond screenplay, it was born from a collaboration by five people: Ian Fleming, Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, Ivar Bryce and Ernest Cuneo, although the controversial shared credit of Fleming, McClory and Whittingham was the result of a courtroom decision.", "title": "Thunderball (novel)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La Condomina is a multi-use stadium in Murcia, Spain. The stadium holds 6,500 spectators and it is currently used mostly for football matches and music concerts.", "title": "Estadio de La Condomina" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Volos Municipal Stadium is a sports stadium in Volos, Greece used for football matches. This stadium was built in 1968 and it was renovated in 2004 since it was one of the Olympic training venues of the 2004 Summer Olympic Games. It has a capacity of 9,000 people and it is the homeground of the local football club Olympiakos Volou 1937 F.C. Record attendance is 17.200 spectators but this was before plastic seats were placed. The complete reconstruction of this stadium was planned to begin at summer 2014. However, due to economic problems of the club the reconstruction never started but some improvements have already been made.", "title": "Volos Municipal Stadium" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ian Lancaster Fleming was born on 28 May 1908, at 27 Green Street in the wealthy London district of Mayfair. His mother was Evelyn (\"\" Rose), and his father was Valentine Fleming, the Member of Parliament for Henley from 1910 to 1917. As an infant he briefly lived, with his family, at Braziers Park in Oxfordshire. Fleming was a grandson of the Scottish financier Robert Fleming, who founded the Scottish American Investment Trust and the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co.", "title": "Ian Fleming" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goldfinger is a 1964 British spy film and the third installment in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, starring Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It is based on the novel of the same name by Ian Fleming. The film also stars Honor Blackman as Bond girl Pussy Galore and Gert Fröbe as the title character Auric Goldfinger, along with Shirley Eaton as the iconic Bond girl Jill Masterson. Goldfinger was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman and was the first of four Bond films directed by Guy Hamilton.", "title": "Goldfinger (film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Per Fine Ounce is the title of an unpublished novel by Geoffrey Jenkins featuring Ian Fleming's James Bond. It was completed c.1966 and is considered a \"lost\" novel by fans of James Bond because it was actually commissioned by Glidrose Productions, the official publishers of James Bond. It was rejected for publication, however, missing the opportunity to become the first continuation James Bond novel. \"The Adventures of James Bond Junior 003½\", a novel written by the pseudonymous R. D. Mascott, was later published in 1967 featuring James Bond's nephew; \"Colonel Sun\" written by Kingsley Amis under the pseudonym Robert Markham was published in 1968 as the first adult continuation novel following Ian Fleming's \"The Man with the Golden Gun\" (1965).", "title": "Per Fine Ounce" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ian Fleming", "id": 108747, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Which was the creator of James Bond?", "raw_question": "Which was the creator of James Bond?", "statement": "Ian Fleming was the creator of James Bond." }, { "answer": "London", "id": 144910, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "What is the place of birth of Ian Fleming ?", "raw_question": "What is the place of birth of #1 ?", "statement": "Ian Fleming was born in London." }, { "answer": "Wembley Arena", "id": 26427, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "What London concert venue shares its first name with a famous football stadium?", "raw_question": "What #2 concert venue shares its first name with a famous football stadium?", "statement": "Wembley Arena shares its first name with a famous football stadium." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas.", "title": "Military history of the United States" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower served in successive Supreme Allied Commander roles. Eisenhower was the Commander - in - Chief, Allied Force for the Mediterranean theatre. Eisenhower then served as Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force (SCAEF) in the European theatre, starting in December 1943 with the creation of the command to execute Operation Overlord and ending in July 1945 shortly after the End of World War II in Europe. In 1951, Eisenhower would again be a Supreme Allied Commander, the first to hold the post for NATO (see next section).", "title": "Supreme Allied Commander" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Themba Qabula (1942–2002) was a poet, writer and trade unionist in Durban, South Africa in the 1980s. He was a fork lift driver and a militant in the Metal and Allied Worker's Union. Qabula is best known as a \"worker-poet\" who managed the adaptation of traditional Zulu poetic forms to the gritty themes of daily life.", "title": "Alfred Themba Qabula" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the \"Big Three\". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the \"Four Policemen\" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.", "title": "Great power" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939 -- 1945). The Allies promoted the alliance as seeking to stop German, Japanese and Italian aggression.", "title": "Allies of World War II" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Kloster Kampen (or Kloster Kamp, or Campen) was a tactical French victory over a British and allied army in the Seven Years' War. The Allied forces were driven from the field.", "title": "Battle of Kloster Kampen" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Western Allied invasion of Germany was coordinated by the Western Allies during the final months of hostilities in the European theatre of World War II. The Allied invasion of Germany started with the Western Allies crossing the Rhine River in March 1945 before fanning out and overrunning all of western Germany from the Baltic in the north to Austria in the south before the Germans surrendered on 8 May 1945. This is known as the ``Central Europe Campaign ''in United States military histories.", "title": "Western Allied invasion of Germany" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elias Koteas as Casey Jones, a streetwise vigilante and former ice hockey player who becomes an ally of the turtles", "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Grünberg (21 March 1761) was fought between French and allied Prussian and Hanoverian troops in the Seven Years' War at village of Grünberg, Hesse, near Stangenrod. The French, led by the duc de Broglie, inflicted a significant defeat on the allies, taking several thousand prisoners, and capturing 18 military standards. The allied loss prompted Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick to lift the Siege of Cassel and retreat.", "title": "Battle of Grünberg" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The participation of Italy in the Second World War was characterized by a complex framework of ideology, politics, and diplomacy, while its military actions were often heavily influenced by external factors. The imperial ambitions of the Fascist regime, which aspired to restore the Roman Empire in North Africa and the Mediterranean (the Mare Nostrum, or the Italian Empire), were partially met with the annexation of Albania and the Province of Ljubljana, and the occupation of British Somaliland and other territories, but ultimately collapsed after defeats in the East and North African campaigns. In July 1943, following the Allied invasion of Sicily, Benito Mussolini was arrested by order of King Victor Emmanuel III, provoking a civil war. Italy surrendered to the Allies at the end of the Italian Campaign. The northern half of the country was occupied by Germans with the fascists help and made a collaborationist puppet state (with more than 600,000 soldiers), while the south was governed by monarchist and liberal forces, which fought for the Allied cause as the Italian Co-Belligerent Army (at its height numbering more than 50,000 men), helped by circa 350,000 partisans of disparate political ideologies that operated all over Italy.", "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The campaign was fought between the Allies, many of whom had colonial interests in Africa dating from the late 19th century, and the Axis Powers. The Allied war effort was dominated by the British Commonwealth and exiles from German - occupied Europe. The United States officially entered the war in December 1941 and began direct military assistance in North Africa on 11 May 1942.", "title": "North African campaign" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Result Allied victory Western Allied offensive plans delayed by five or six weeks Disastrous offensive in the Ardennes exhausted the resources of Germany on the Western Front. The German collapse opened the way for the Allies to ultimately break the Siegfried Line Soviet offensive in Poland launched on 12 January 1945, eight days earlier than originally intended.", "title": "Battle of the Bulge" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mark P. Fitzgerald (born 1951) is a retired United States Navy admiral. He is the former Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe – Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Africa and Commander, Allied Joint Force Command Naples. He previously served as Director, Navy Staff from December 2006 to November 2007 and Commander, U.S. 2nd Fleet from 2004 until December 2006. He assumed the duties of Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe and Commander, Allied Joint Force Command Naples on November 30, 2007 and assumed the additional duties as Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Africa on March 26, 2009.", "title": "Mark P. Fitzgerald" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In November 1942, he was also appointed Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations (NATOUSA) through the new operational Headquarters Allied (Expeditionary) Force Headquarters (A(E)FHQ). The word \"expeditionary\" was dropped soon after his appointment for security reasons. The campaign in North Africa was designated Operation Torch and was planned underground within the Rock of Gibraltar. Eisenhower was the first non-British person to command Gibraltar in 200 years.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under \"North Africa.\" Details can be found in Policy Focus #65.", "title": "Near East" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.", "title": "World War II" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally.", "title": "North African campaign" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It arrived in England in September 1942 during World War II and trained for the Allied invasion of North Africa. Operated with Twelfth AF in North Africa and the Mediterranean area from November 1942 to May 1945. Moved to Germany in September 1945. Assigned to United States Air Forces in Europe. Inactivated in 1948.", "title": "51st Troop Carrier Wing" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Battle of El Alamein (1–27 July 1942) was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought in Egypt between Axis forces (Germany and Italy) of the Panzer Army Africa (, which included the under Field Marshal () Erwin Rommel and Allied (British Imperial and Commonwealth) forces (Britain, British India, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand) of the Eighth Army (General Claude Auchinleck).", "title": "First Battle of El Alamein" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, and dependent states, such as the British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe till the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Lugou Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.", "title": "Allies of World War II" } ]

[ { "answer": "under \"North Africa.\"", "id": 9998, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "How does WINEP bundle the countries of Northwest Africa?", "raw_question": "How does WINEP bundle the countries of Northwest Africa?", "statement": "WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa under \"North Africa\"." }, { "answer": "Italy", "id": 93626, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "where did the allies go after under \"North Africa.\"", "raw_question": "where did the allies go after #1", "statement": "The Allies went to Italy after North Africa." }, { "answer": "July 1943", "id": 58575, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "when did Italy become an ally in ww2", "raw_question": "when did #2 become an ally in ww2", "statement": "Italy became an ally in WWII in July 1943." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2003 Boumerdès earthquake occurred on May 21 at in northern Algeria. The shock had a moment magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (\"Extreme\"). The epicentre of the earthquake was located near the town of Thénia in Boumerdès Province, approximately 60 km east of the capital Algiers. The quake was the strongest to hit Algeria in more than twenty years – since 1980, when a magnitude 7.1 earthquake resulted in at least 2,633 deaths.", "title": "2003 Boumerdès earthquake" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi. New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, WHO, World Bank, ILO, IMF, UNIFEM, IFC and UNAIDS.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1901 Cheviot earthquake occurred at 07:47 NZT on 16 November 1901 (20:15 15 November UTC) with an estimated magnitude of 6.9, centred near the township of Cheviot in the Canterbury Region of New Zealand.", "title": "1901 Cheviot earthquake" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is also known as the Wenchuan earthquake (Chinese: 汶川大地震; pinyin: Wènchuān dà dìzhèn; literally: \"Great Wenchuan earthquake\"), after the location of the earthquake's epicenter, Wenchuan County, Sichuan. The epicenter was 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial capital, with a focal depth of 19 km (12 mi). The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai—1,500 km (930 mi) and 1,700 km (1,060 mi) away—where office buildings swayed with the tremor. Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even months after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami An aerial view of the Sendai region with black smoke coming from the Nippon Oil refinery Tokyo Sendai UTC time 2011 - 03 - 11 05: 46: 24 ISC event USGS - ANSS ComCat Local date 11 March 2011; 7 years ago (2011 - 03 - 11) Local time 14: 46 JST Duration 6 minutes Magnitude 9.0 -- 9.1 (M) Depth 29 km (18 mi) Epicenter 38 ° 19 ′ 19 ''N 142 ° 22 ′ 08'' E  /  38.322 ° N 142.369 ° E  / 38.322; 142.369 Coordinates: 38 ° 19 ′ 19 ''N 142 ° 22 ′ 08'' E  /  38.322 ° N 142.369 ° E  / 38.322; 142.369 Type Megathrust Areas affected Japan (shaking, tsunami) Pacific Rim (tsunami) Total damage $360 billion USD Max. intensity IX (Violent) Peak acceleration 2.99 g Peak velocity 117.41 cm / s Tsunami Up to 40.5 m (133 ft) in Miyako, Iwate, Tōhoku Landslides Yes Foreshocks List of foreshocks and aftershocks of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake Aftershocks 11,450 (as of 3 March 2015) Casualties 15,895 deaths, 6,156 injured, 2,539 people missing Citations", "title": "2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. There has, however, been a spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hilkot is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located to the north of Mansehra the district capital and south west of Batagram city and lies in an area affected by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake.", "title": "Hilkot" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1905 Tsetserleg earthquake occurred in or near the Tsetserleg Sum of Khövsgöl Province in Mongolia on 9 July 1905. The earthquake has been estimated at 7.9 to 8.3 on the moment magnitude scale.", "title": "1905 Tsetserleg earthquake" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2001 Kunlun earthquake also known as the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake, occurred on 14 November 2001 at 09:26 UTC (17:26 local time), with an epicenter near Kokoxili, close to the border between Qinghai and Xinjiang in a remote mountainous region. With a magnitude of 7.8 M it was the most powerful earthquake in China for 5 decades. No casualties were reported, presumably due to the very low population density and the lack of high-rise buildings. This earthquake was associated with the longest surface rupture ever recorded on land, ~450 km.", "title": "2001 Kunlun earthquake" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami An aerial view of the Sendai region with black smoke coming from the Nippon Oil refinery Tokyo Sendai UTC time ISC event USGS - ANSS Date 11 March 2011; 7 years ago (2011 - 03 - 11) Origin time 14: 46: 24 JST (UTC + 09: 00) Local date Local time Duration 6 minutes Magnitude 9.0 -- 9.1 (M) Depth 29 km (18 mi) Epicenter 38 ° 19 ′ 19 ''N 142 ° 22 ′ 08'' E  /  38.322 ° N 142.369 ° E  / 38.322; 142.369 Coordinates: 38 ° 19 ′ 19 ''N 142 ° 22 ′ 08'' E  /  38.322 ° N 142.369 ° E  / 38.322; 142.369 Type Megathrust Areas affected Japan (shaking, tsunami) Pacific Rim (tsunami) Total damage $360 billion USD Max. intensity IX (Violent) Peak acceleration 2.99 g Peak velocity 117.41 cm / s Tsunami Up to 40.5 m (133 ft) in Miyako, Iwate, Tōhoku Landslides Yes Foreshocks List of foreshocks and aftershocks of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake Aftershocks 11,450 (as of 3 March 2015) Casualties 15,895 deaths, 6,156 injured, 2,539 people missing Citations * Deprecated See documentation.", "title": "2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the Republic of India, a chief minister is the head of government of each of twenty-nine states and two union territories (Delhi and Puducherry). According to the Constitution of India, at the state-level, the governor is de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the state legislative assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given he has the assembly's confidence, the chief minister's term is usually for a maximum of five years; there are no limits to the number of terms he or she can serve.Since June 2018, the office of Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir has been vacant; President's rule is in force there. Of the thirty incumbents, only one is a woman—Mamata Banerjee in West Bengal. Serving since March 2000 (for 19 years, 107 days), Odisha's Naveen Patnaik has the longest incumbency. Amarinder Singh (b. 1942) of Punjab is the oldest chief minister while Arunachal Pradesh's Pema Khandu (b. 1979) is the youngest. Twelve incumbents belong to the Bharatiya Janata Party and five to the Indian National Congress; no other party has more than one chief minister in office.", "title": "List of current Indian chief ministers" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Pichilemu earthquake (), also known as the Libertador O'Higgins earthquake, was a 6.9 M intraplate earthquake that struck Chile's O'Higgins Region on 11 March 2010. The earthquake was centred northwest of the city of Pichilemu.", "title": "2010 Pichilemu earthquake" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 27, 1964, the massive Good Friday earthquake killed 133 people and destroyed several villages and portions of large coastal communities, mainly by the resultant tsunamis and landslides. It was the second-most-powerful earthquake in the recorded history of the world, with a moment magnitude of 9.2. It was over one thousand times more powerful than the 1989 San Francisco earthquake. The time of day (5:36 pm), time of year and location of the epicenter were all cited as factors in potentially sparing thousands of lives, particularly in Anchorage.", "title": "Alaska" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2011 Yunnan earthquake was a 5.4 magnitude earthquake that occurred on 10 March 2011 at 12:58 CST, with its epicenter in Yingjiang County, Yunnan, People's Republic of China, near the Burmese border. A total of 26 people died and 313 were injured with 133 in serious condition. China's Xinhua reports that up to seven aftershocks, measuring up to a magnitude of 4.7, followed the initial quake, which caused a total of 127,000 people to be evacuated to nearby shelters. It joined over 1,000 other minor tremors that affected the region in the two preceding months. Following damage surveys, officials reported that 1,039 buildings were destroyed and 4,994 more were seriously damaged. The earthquake occurred one day before a much larger earthquake struck Japan that also formed a tsunami.", "title": "2011 Yunnan earthquake" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Seattle is in a major earthquake zone. On February 28, 2001, the magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake did significant architectural damage, especially in the Pioneer Square area (built on reclaimed land, as are the Industrial District and part of the city center), but caused only one fatality. Other strong quakes occurred on January 26, 1700 (estimated at 9 magnitude), December 14, 1872 (7.3 or 7.4), April 13, 1949 (7.1), and April 29, 1965 (6.5). The 1965 quake caused three deaths in Seattle directly, and one more by heart failure. Although the Seattle Fault passes just south of the city center, neither it nor the Cascadia subduction zone has caused an earthquake since the city's founding. The Cascadia subduction zone poses the threat of an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or greater, capable of seriously damaging the city and collapsing many buildings, especially in zones built on fill.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On Thursday, September 19, 1985, at 7:19 am local time, Mexico City was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter scale. Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party government. The government was paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption, forcing ordinary citizens to create and direct their own rescue efforts and to reconstruct much of the housing that was lost as well.", "title": "Mexico City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The June 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a shallow magnitude 6.0 earthquake that occurred on 13 June 2011 at 14:20 NZST (02:20 UTC). It was centred at a depth of , about 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Christchurch, which had previously been devastated by a magnitude 6.2 M earthquake in February 2011. The June quake was preceded by a magnitude 5.9 M tremor that struck the region at a slightly deeper 8.9 km (5.5 mi). The United States Geological Survey reported a magnitude of 6.0 M at a depth of about 9 km (5.6 mi).", "title": "June 2011 Christchurch earthquake" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Dashtestan earthquake struck near the city of Borazjan (the capital of Dashtestan County, Bushehr Province) in southern Iran on November 28 at a depth of . The shock had a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a maximum perceived intensity of IV (\"Very strong\") on the Mercalli intensity scale. The earthquake killed at least 7 people and another 45 were injured.", "title": "2013 Borazjan earthquake" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island of Guam is 30 miles (50 km) long and 4 to 12 miles (6 to 19 km) wide, 3⁄4 the size of Singapore. The island experiences occasional earthquakes due to its location on the western edge of the Pacific Plate and near the Philippine Sea Plate. In recent years, earthquakes with epicenters near Guam have had magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 8.7. Unlike the Anatahan volcano in the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam is not volcanically active. However, due to its proximity to Anatahan, vog (i.e. volcanic smog) does occasionally affect Guam.", "title": "Guam" } ]

[ { "answer": "India", "id": 162325, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "what constitution?", "raw_question": "what constitution?", "statement": "There is no answer in the sub_ans that corresponds to the sub_ques. The sub_ques is asking about the constitution, but the sub_ans is a country (India)." }, { "answer": "New Delhi", "id": 11248, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "The regional office of the World Bank in India is located in what city?", "raw_question": "The regional office of the World Bank in #1 is located in what city?", "statement": "The regional office of the World Bank in India is located in New Delhi." }, { "answer": "4.2-magnitude", "id": 11122, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What was the magnitude of the earthquake that affected New Delhi on September 2011?", "raw_question": "What was the magnitude of the earthquake that affected #2 on September 2011?", "statement": "The earthquake that affected New Delhi in September 2011 had a magnitude of 4.2." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Atbarah River (; transliterated: Nahr 'Atbarah) in northeast Africa rises in northwest Ethiopia, approximately 50 km north of Lake Tana and 30 km west of Gondar. It flows about 805 km (500 mi) to the Nile in north-central Sudan, joining it at the city of Atbarah (). The river's tributary, the Tekezé (Setit) River, is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the Tekezé follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) in northeastern Sudan. The Atbarah is the last tributary of the Nile before it reaches the Mediterranean.", "title": "Atbarah River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The East Branch of the Mohawk River is a river in northern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Mohawk River, which flows west to the Connecticut River, which in turn flows south to Long Island Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "East Branch Mohawk River (New Hampshire)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. The stream is entirely within the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), its source is Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota and it flows generally south for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kleine Laber (also: \"Kleine Laaber\") is a river in Bavaria, Germany. The Kleine Laber issues into the Große Laber, which issues into the Danube River.", "title": "Kleine Laber" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Tekezé River rises in the central Ethiopian Highlands near Mount Qachen within Lasta, from where it flows west, north, then west again, forming the westernmost border of Ethiopia and Eritrea from the confluence of the Tomsa with the Tekezé at to the tripoint between the two countries and Sudan at . After entering northeastern Sudan at the tripoint it joins the Atbarah River, which is a tributary of the Nile. The Tekezé is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the former follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers.", "title": "Tekezé River" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fighting in North Africa started with the Italian declaration of war on 10 June 1940. On 14 June, the British Army's 11th Hussars (assisted by elements of the 1st Royal Tank Regiment, 1st RTR) crossed the border from Egypt into Libya and captured the Italian Fort Capuzzo. This was followed by an Italian counter-offensive into Egypt and the capture of Sidi Barrani in September 1940 and again in December 1940 following a British Commonwealth counteroffensive, Operation Compass. During Operation Compass, the Italian 10th Army was destroyed and the German Afrika Korps -- commanded by Erwin Rommel, who later became known as ``The Desert Fox ''-- was dispatched to North Africa in February 1941 during Operation Sonnenblume to reinforce Italian forces in order to prevent a complete Axis defeat.", "title": "North African campaign" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis), also known as the northern river otter or the common otter, is a semiaquatic mammal endemic to the North American continent found in and along its waterways and coasts. An adult river otter can weigh between 5.0 and 14 kg (11.0 and 30.9 lb). The river otter is protected and insulated by a thick, water - repellent coat of fur.", "title": "North American river otter" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wenne is a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The river springs in a forest area near Obringhausen. It flows into the Ruhr near Wennemen.", "title": "Wenne" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Einfallsgraben is a small river of Bavaria, Germany. After a course of about 2 km it enters a sink near Alzenau.", "title": "Einfallsgraben" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beyeda is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Located in the easternmost point of the Semien Gondar Zone, Beyeda is bordered on the south by the Wag Hemra Zone, on the west by Jan Amora, on the north by Tselemt, and on the east by the Tekezé River which separates it from the Tigray Region. The major town in Beyeda is Dil Yibza.", "title": "Beyeda" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North Branch of the Millers River is a river in southwestern New Hampshire and northern Massachusetts in the United States. It is a tributary of the Millers River, which flows west to the Connecticut River, which in turn flows south to Long Island Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "North Branch Millers River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 23 October 1954 – only nine years after Allies (UK, USA and USSR) defeated Nazi Germany ending World War II in Europe – the admission of the Federal Republic of Germany to the North Atlantic Pact was finally decided. The incorporation of West Germany into the organization on 9 May 1955 was described as \"a decisive turning point in the history of our continent\" by Halvard Lange, Foreign Affairs Minister of Norway at the time. In November 1954, the USSR requested a new European Security Treaty, in order to make a final attempt to not have a remilitarized West Germany potentially opposed to the Soviet Union, with no success.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Orikaka River (also known as the Mackley River) is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows southwest from the southern end of the Matiri Range before turning south to flow into the Buller River five kilometres to the west of Inangahua.", "title": "Orikaka River" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tatarka River () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right bank tributary of the Babka River, which in turn is a tributary of the Sylva River. The river is long.", "title": "Tatarka River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cuyuni River is a South American river and a tributary of the Essequibo River. It rises in the Guiana Highlands of Venezuela where it descends northward to El Dorado, and turns eastward to meander through the tropical rain forests of Guyana. It finally turns southeastward, flowing to its confluence with the Mazaruni River. The Cuyuni River marks the limit of the disputed territory of Guayana Esequiba for approximately .", "title": "Cuyuni River" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Edward lies at an elevation of 920 metres (3,020 ft), is 77 kilometres (48 mi) long by 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide at its maximum points, and covers a total surface area of 2,325 square kilometres (898 sq mi), making it the 15th-largest on the continent. The lake is fed by the Nyamugasani River, the Ishasha River, the Rutshuru River, the Ntungwe River, and the Rwindi River. Lake George to the northeast empties into it via the Kazinga Channel. Lake Edward empties to the north via the Semliki River into Lake Albert.", "title": "Lake Edward" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940. The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939, just as it had in World War I, but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway. On 15 May 1940, one day after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces surrendered. The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London.", "title": "Netherlands in World War II" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lubefu River is a tributary of the Sankuru River, which in turn is a tributary of the Kasai River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "title": "Lubefu River" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Balagas River is a river of northern Ethiopia. A tributary of the Tekezé, its own tributaries include the Balessa and Dorana rivers.", "title": "Balagas River" } ]

[ { "answer": "Atbarah River", "id": 155787, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "What river does Tekezé River turn into?", "raw_question": "What river does Tekezé River turn into?", "statement": "The Tekezé River turns into the Atbarah River." }, { "answer": "Africa", "id": 497059, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Atbarah River >> continent", "raw_question": "#1 >> continent", "statement": "The Atbarah River is located in the continent of Africa." }, { "answer": "in February 1941", "id": 61981, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "when did germany invade Africa in world war 2", "raw_question": "when did germany invade #2 in world war 2", "statement": "Germany invaded Africa in February 1941." } ]

[ "February 1941" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Warlord Era (, 19161928) was a period in the history of the Republic of China when control of the country was divided among former military cliques of the Beiyang Army and other regional factions, which were spread across the mainland regions of Sichuan, Shanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gansu, Yunnan, and Xinjiang.", "title": "Warlord Era" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rappani Khalilov () (October 27, 1969 – September 17, 2007), also known as Rabbani, was the militant leader of the Shariat Jamaat of the Caucasian Front during the Second Chechen War, in the volatile southern Russian republic of Dagestan. He was killed on September 17, 2007 in a fierce shoot-out with the Russian special forces.", "title": "Rappani Khalilov" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Vrezh (translated as \"Vengeance\" from Armenian) is thought to have been an underground militant movement reportedly created by Dashnak leadership in 1989 to fight Azerbaijan and authorities in Northern Caucasus by bombing civilian targets.", "title": "Vrezh" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Surprise City is a ghost town located in the Atlin Country Region of British Columbia. Surprise City is located on Otter Creek near the southwest end of Surprise Lake. Surprise City is also known as Otter Creek. The city existed to support the gold mining operations in the area.", "title": "Surprise City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Britain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. The British attempted to persuade the Dutch Republic to join the alliance, but the request was rejected, as the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral. Despite the huge disparity in numbers, the year had been successful for the Prussian-led forces on the continent, in contrast to disappointing British campaigns in North America.", "title": "Northern Seven Years' War" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis took place from 14 June to 19 June 1995, when a group of 80 to 200 Chechen separatists led by Shamil Basayev attacked the southern Russian city of Budyonnovsk (pop. 60,000, often spelled Budennovsk), some north of the border with the \"de facto\" independent Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. The incident resulted in a ceasefire between Russia and Chechen separatists, and peace talks (which later failed) between Russia and the Chechens.", "title": "Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Delicious Surprise is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Jo Dee Messina, released in 2005. Her first studio album of original material since \"Burn\" almost five years previous, it produced a Number One single on the \"Billboard\" country music charts in \"My Give a Damn's Busted\", a song co-written by country singer Joe Diffie and originally recorded on his 2001 album \"In Another World\". Additional singles released from \"Delicious Surprise\" include \"Delicious Surprise (I Believe It)\", \"Not Going Down\", and \"It's Too Late to Worry\", all of which charted in the Top 40 on the country charts as well. The album has been certified Gold by the RIAA.", "title": "Delicious Surprise" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dzhabrail Yamadayev (16 June 1970 – 5 March 2003) was a Chechen rebel field commander during the First Chechen War. He switched sides together with his brothers, Ruslan and Sulim in 1999 during the outbreak of the Second Chechen War and then became the commander of the Russian special forces unit \"Vostok\". Yamadayev was assassinated by a bomb blast in March 2003.", "title": "Dzhabrail Yamadayev" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Záchlumí is a village in the Ústí nad Orlicí District, Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It is located 5 km west of Žamberk and has a population of 803 (2006).", "title": "Záchlumí (Ústí nad Orlicí District)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mali Federation () was a federation in West Africa linking the French colonies of Senegal and the Sudanese Republic (or French Sudan) for a period of only two months in 1960. It was founded on 4 April 1959 as a territory with self-rule within the French Community and became independent after negotiations with France on 20 June 1960. Two months later, on 19 August 1960, the Sudanese Republic leaders in the Mali Federation mobilized the army and Senegal leaders in the federation retaliated by mobilizing the gendarmerie (national police) which resulted in a tense stand-off and the withdrawal from the federation by Senegal the next day. The Sudanese Republic officials resisted this dissolution, cut off diplomatic relations with Senegal, and defiantly changed the name of their country to Mali. For the brief existence of the Mali Federation, the premier was Modibo Keïta, who would become the first President of the Republic of Mali after the Mali Federation dissolved, and its government was based in Dakar, Senegal.", "title": "Mali Federation" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Portugal–Spain border is 1,214 km (754 mi) long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages, are recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsatian in France, making it the second most-spoken regional language in the country (after Occitan). Like all regional languages in France, however, the transmission of Alsatian is on the decline. While 39% of the adult population of Alsace speaks Alsatian, only one in four children speaks it, and only one in ten children uses it regularly.", "title": "Alsace" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Chechen Parliament attack took place on the morning of 19 October 2010, when three Chechen militants attacked the parliament complex in Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic, a federal subject of Russia. At least six people were killed, including two police officers, one parliament employee and all three suicide commandos.", "title": "2010 Chechen Parliament attack" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Otovice is a village and municipality in Náchod District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It is located, near the border with Poland.", "title": "Otovice (Náchod District)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Komárov is a market town in Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It is located southwest of Beroun and southwest of Prague.", "title": "Komárov (Beroun District)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SK Baťov 1930 is a Czech football club located in Otrokovice in the Zlín Region. The club currently plays at the fifth level of football in the Czech Republic.", "title": "SK Baťov 1930" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chechen Republic Чеченская Республика (Russian) Нохчийн Республика (Chechen) -- Republic -- Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Shatlak's Song Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E  /  43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E  / 43.400; 45.717 Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E  /  43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E  / 43.400; 45.717 Political status Country Russia Federal district North Caucasian Economic region North Caucasus Established January 10, 1993 Capital Grozny Government (as of January 2015) Head Ramzan Kadyrov Legislature Parliament Statistics Area (as of the 2002 Census) Total 17,300 km (6,700 sq mi) Area rank 75th Urban 32.1% Population (January 2016 est.) Total 1,395,678 Time zone (s) MSK (UTC + 03: 00) ISO 3166 - 2 RU - CE License plates 95 Official languages Russian; Chechen Official website", "title": "Chechnya" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Allen is soon sent on an undercover mission for the CIA, joining Vladimir Makarov in a mass shooting at an airport in Moscow, Russia. Afterwards, Makarov kills Allen, aware of his true identity, and leaves his body behind to spark a war between Russia and the United States. Outraged by an apparent American-sponsored terrorist attack, Russia retaliates by launching a surprise invasion on the East Coast of the United States. With no evidence of Makarov's involvement in the airport massacre, Task Force 141 is sent to Rio de Janeiro to capture his arms dealer, Alejandro Rojas. They succeed and learn that Makarov's nemesis is being held in a Russian gulag. They assault the gulag and rescue the prisoner: Captain Price, Soap's previous commanding officer in the SAS.Price agrees to help Task Force 141 but insists on ending the United States' war with Russia. After raiding a Russian port, Price launches a ballistic missile towards Washington, D.C. and detonates it in the upper atmosphere. The resulting EMP blast disables all electronic devices across the Eastern Seaboard, giving the Americans a much-needed advantage. Soldiers fighting in D.C. narrowly avoid a bombing run of Russian-occupied strategic structures by the United States Air Force, lighting green flares atop the White House to show that the city remains in American hands.", "title": "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya was Russian Air Force's military operation against the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria that was a prelude to the main part of the Second Chechen War. In late August and September 1999, Russia mounted a massive air campaign over Chechnya, with the stated aim of wiping out militants who invaded Dagestan the previous month.", "title": "1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya" } ]

[ { "answer": "Russia", "id": 158671, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "who retaliated for a surprise invasion?", "raw_question": "who retaliated for a surprise invasion?", "statement": "Russia retaliated for a surprise invasion." }, { "answer": "North Caucasus", "id": 92027, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "the chechen republic is located in this region of Russia", "raw_question": "the chechen republic is located in this region of #1", "statement": "The Chechen Republic is located in the North Caucasus region of Russia." }, { "answer": "Azerbaijan", "id": 671797, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "North Caucasus >> country", "raw_question": "#2 >> country", "statement": "The North Caucasus region is located in the country of Azerbaijan." } ]

[ "az", "AZE" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mozart's Requiem was sung at the funeral; the soloists were the soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, the tenor Alexis Dupont, and the bass Luigi Lablache; Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played. The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély. The funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery, which included Chopin's sister Ludwika, was led by the aged Prince Adam Czartoryski. The pallbearers included Delacroix, Franchomme, and Camille Pleyel. At the graveside, the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played, in Reber's instrumentation.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music. The Institute site also lists nearly 1,500 performances of Chopin works on YouTube as of January 2014.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Still, in August 1560 the 'Reformation Parliament' abolished the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland with the Papal Jurisdiction Act.", "title": "Scottish Reformation Parliament" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his \"one worthy successor\" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as well as numerous études and preludes; his teacher Nikolai Zverev drilled him in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer. In the 20th century, composers who paid homage to (or in some cases parodied) the music of Chopin included George Crumb, Bohuslav Martinů, Darius Milhaud, Igor Stravinsky and Heitor Villa-Lobos.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that \"all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room.\"", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available. On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and Krystian Zimerman. The Warsaw Chopin Society organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings, held every five years.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by Chopin's style include Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Édouard Wolff (1816–1880) and Pierre Zimmermann. Debussy dedicated his own 1915 piano Études to the memory of Chopin; he frequently played Chopin's music during his studies at the Paris Conservatoire, and undertook the editing of Chopin's piano music for the publisher Jacques Durand.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzymała \"My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores\", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was \"closer to the grave than the nuptial bed.\" He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam Łyszczyński, he wrote out his last will and testament—\"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere\", he wrote to Grzymała.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a \"nationalist\" or \"patriotic\" composer. George Golos refers to earlier \"nationalist\" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski suggests that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from \"urbanised\" Warsaw versions than from folk music, and that attempts (by Jachimecki and others) to demonstrate genuine folk music in his works are without basis. Richard Taruskin impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works as patronizing and comments that Chopin \"felt his Polish patriotism deeply and sincerely\" but consciously modelled his works on the tradition of Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane, as did the number of his pupils, and this, together with the political strife and instability of the time, caused him to struggle financially. In February 1848, with the cellist Auguste Franchomme, he gave his last Paris concert, which included three movements of the Cello Sonata Op. 65.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the end of 1831, Chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when Robert Schumann, reviewing the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (his first published article on music), declared: \"Hats off, gentlemen! A genius.\" On 26 February 1832 Chopin gave a debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel which drew universal admiration. The critic François-Joseph Fétis wrote in the Revue et gazette musicale: \"Here is a young man who ... taking no model, has found, if not a complete renewal of piano music, ... an abundance of original ideas of a kind to be found nowhere else ...\" After this concert, Chopin realized that his essentially intimate keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces. Later that year he was introduced to the wealthy Rothschild banking family, whose patronage also opened doors for him to other private salons (social gatherings of the aristocracy and artistic and literary elite). By the end of 1832 Chopin had established himself among the Parisian musical elite, and had earned the respect of his peers such as Hiller, Liszt, and Berlioz. He no longer depended financially upon his father, and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe. This freed him from the strains of public concert-giving, which he disliked.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Storm ''is a short story written by the American writer Kate Chopin in 1898. The story takes place during the 19th century somewhere in the South, where storms are frequent and dangerous. It did not appear in print in Chopin's lifetime, but it was published in The Complete Works of Kate Chopin in 1969. This story is the sequel to Chopin's`` At the 'Cadian Ball''.", "title": "The Storm (short story)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that \"As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime.\" The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and \"gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life.\" Fontana was to become, in the words of Michałowski and Samson, Chopin's \"general factotum and copyist\".", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jane Stirling", "id": 680, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Who gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment?", "raw_question": "Who gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment?", "statement": "Jane Stirling gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment." }, { "answer": "Scotland", "id": 669, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Where did Jane Stirling invite Chopin?", "raw_question": "Where did #1 invite Chopin?", "statement": "Jane Stirling invited Chopin to Scotland." }, { "answer": "August 1560", "id": 88208, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "when did Scotland abolish the authority of the pope", "raw_question": "when did #2 abolish the authority of the pope", "statement": "Scotland abolished the authority of the Pope in August 1560." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Romano Pontifici eligendo was the apostolic constitution governing the election of popes that was promulgated by Pope Paul VI in 1 October 1975. It instituted a number of far-reaching reforms in the process of electing popes. It set the maximum number of electors at 120 and restated in a more formal context the rule he had already instituted that cardinals over the age of 80 not participate in electing a pope.", "title": "Romano Pontifici eligendo" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After receiving a letter written by Steve Rogers telling him that the Captain America legacy should continue, and look out for Bucky, Stark shows Bucky Barnes the letter and proposes to make him the new Captain America. Bucky agrees on the condition that he can be an independent agent who does n't answer to Stark, S.H.I.E.L.D., or the Initiative. The Red Skull fakes the death of Aleksander Lukin, whose mind he inhabits, begins using Kronas Corporation's vast holdings to economically cripple the United States, before having S.H.I.E.L.D. agents brainwashed by Doctor Faustus open fire on crowds of protesters in front of the White House. The Red Skull continues his assault by engineering a riot via the placing of Kronas security troops and utilizing drugged water in a protest on the Lincoln Monument. The Skull also kidnaps Sharon Carter, who now knows that she is pregnant with Steve Rogers' child.", "title": "The Death of Captain America" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pope Boniface VIII (; born Benedetto Caetani, c. 1230 – 11 October 1303) was pope from 24 December 1294 to his death in 1303. Caetani was of baronial origin with family connections to the papacy. He spent his early career abroad in diplomatic roles.", "title": "Pope Boniface VIII" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In multiplicibus curis was an encyclical given by Pope Pius XII on 24 October 1948 at Castel Gandolfo, near Rome, in the tenth year of his pontificate. The encyclical repeated the Vatican's prior attitude to its concerns in the Holy Land and came at a time when the 1948 Arab–Israeli War was still raging, but after Israel went on the offensive in Operation Yoav.", "title": "In multiplicibus curis" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (then in the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire, now in France) rather than in Rome. The situation arose from the conflict between the papacy and the French crown, culminating in the death of Pope Boniface VIII after his arrest and maltreatment by Philip IV of France. Following the further death of Pope Benedict XI, Philip forced a deadlocked conclave to elect the French Clement V as pope in 1305. Clement refused to move to Rome, and in 1309 he moved his court to the papal enclave at Avignon, where it remained for the next 67 years. This absence from Rome is sometimes referred to as the \"Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy\".", "title": "Avignon Papacy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born at Antequera, a small town in the vicinity of Málaga, and got married in 1659. According to Palomino he was a scholar of Francisco Zurbarán, whose manner he followed. He excelled in painting historical subjects of a medium size and perspective views. He used a peculiar varnish on his pictures, which Murillo compared to crystal. He was a great collector of academic figures, drawings, models, and sketches of celebrated artists. He was one of the founders of the Academy at Seville in 1660, and according to art historian Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez continued to support it until his death, which took place in that city in 1680.", "title": "Geronimo de Bobadilla" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On basic Church teachings, the pope was unwavering. On the tenth anniversary of Humanae vitae, he reconfirmed this teaching. In his style and methodology, he was a disciple of Pius XII, whom he deeply revered. He suffered for the attacks on Pius XII for his alleged silences during the Holocaust. Pope Paul VI was less outstanding than his predecessors: he was not credited with an encyclopedic memory, nor a gift for languages, nor the brilliant writing style of Pius XII, nor did he have the charisma and outpouring love, sense of humor and human warmth of John XXIII. He took on himself the unfinished reform work of these two popes, bringing them diligently with great humility and common sense and without much fanfare to conclusion. In doing so, Paul VI saw himself following in the footsteps of the Apostle Paul, torn to several directions as Saint Paul, who said, \"I am attracted to two sides at once, because the Cross always divides.\"", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ole Worm was something of a perpetual student: after attending the grammar school of Aarhus, he continued his education at the University of Marburg studying theology in 1605. He received his doctor of medicine degree from the University of Basel in 1611, and received a master of arts degree from the University of Copenhagen in 1617. The rest of his academic career was spent in Copenhagen, where he taught Latin, Greek, physics, and medicine. He was personal physician to King Christian IV of Denmark. Somewhat remarkable for a physician of the time, he remained in the city of Copenhagen to minister to the sick during an epidemic of the Black Death, which led to his own death from the plague in 1654.", "title": "Ole Worm" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The American Elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Moline' was cloned from a wild seedling transplanted to Moline, Illinois, in 1903 and propagated from 1916 by the Klehm Nurseries, Arlington Heights, IL. Some authorities regard the tree as identical to 'Minneapolis Park'.", "title": "Ulmus americana 'Moline'" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Camillo Laurenti was born in Monte Porzio Catone, and studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, from where he obtained his doctorates in philosophy and in theology. He attended the Capranica College as well. Laurenti was ordained to the priesthood on 7 June 1884, and became an official of the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith on the following 1 September.", "title": "Camillo Laurenti" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ondřej Sekora (25 September 1899, Brno – 4 July 1967, Prague) was a Czech painter, illustrator, writer, journalist and entomologist. He is known mainly as an author of children books. Sekora was also one of the first propagators of rugby in Czechoslovakia.", "title": "Ondřej Sekora" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul VI did away with much of the regal splendor of the papacy. He was the last pope to date to be crowned; his successor Pope John Paul I replaced the Papal Coronation (which Paul had already substantially modified, but which he left mandatory in his 1975 apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici Eligendo) with a Papal Inauguration. Paul VI donated his own Papal Tiara, a gift from his former Archdiocese of Milan, to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, DC (where it is on permanent display in the Crypt) as a gift to American Catholics.", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society. It covers research on and applications of all aspects of antenna technology and the propagation of electromagnetic waves. It was established in 1952 and is published monthly along with occasional special issues.", "title": "IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Donà, or Donato (Venice, February 12, 1536 – Venice, July 16, 1612) was the 90th Doge of Venice, reigning from January 10, 1606 until his death. His reign is chiefly remembered for Venice's dispute with the papacy, which resulted in Pope Paul V placing a papal interdict on Venice 1606–1607.", "title": "Leonardo Donato" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Vincent Zachary Cope MD MS FRCS (14 February 1881 – 28 December 1974) was an English physician, surgeon, author, historian and poet perhaps best known for authoring the book \"Cope's Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen\" from 1921 until 1971. The work remains a respected and standard text of general surgery, and new editions continue being published by editors long after his death, the most recent one being the 22nd edition, published in 2010.", "title": "Zachary Cope" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 13th century mendicant orders—the Franciscans and the Dominicans—who swore vows of poverty and earned their living by begging, were approved by the papacy. Religious groups such as the Waldensians and the Humiliati also attempted to return to the life of early Christianity in the middle 12th and early 13th centuries, but they were condemned as heretical by the papacy. Others joined the Cathars, another heretical movement condemned by the papacy. In 1209, a crusade was preached against the Cathars, the Albigensian Crusade, which in combination with the medieval Inquisition, eliminated them.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The League series is an ongoing romance book series by the American author Sherrilyn Kenyon. The books are published by St. Martin's Press. It consists of eleven books that take place in a future time in a place known as the Ichidian Universe. In this universe, The League is in charge. The brutal, expertly trained League Assassins are essentially the power of the government. But like all governments, even the League is corrupt. The tagline for the series is \"In Morte Veritas\" (In Death, There is Truth).", "title": "The League series" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) over church appointments as part of the Investiture Controversy. His successors continued to struggle against the papacy as well as the German nobility. A period of instability followed the death of Emperor Henry V (r. 1111–25), who died without heirs, until Frederick I Barbarossa (r. 1155–90) took the imperial throne. Although he ruled effectively, the basic problems remained, and his successors continued to struggle into the 13th century. Barbarossa's grandson Frederick II (r. 1220–1250), who was also heir to the throne of Sicily through his mother, clashed repeatedly with the papacy. His court was famous for its scholars and he was often accused of heresy. He and his successors faced many difficulties, including the invasion of the Mongols into Europe in the mid-13th century. Mongols first shattered the Kievan Rus' principalities and then invaded Eastern Europe in 1241, 1259, and 1287.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bidia Dandaron (Vidyadhara, ) (December 28, 1914, Soorkhoi, Kizhinga, Buryatia — October 26, 1974, Vydrino, Buryatia) was a major Buddhist author and teacher in the USSR. He also worked in academic Tibetology, contributed to the Tibetan-Russian Dictionary (1959) and made several translations from Tibetan into Russian. He is mostly remembered as a Buddhist teacher whose students in Russia, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania continued both religious and scholarly work, and as an early Buddhist author who wrote on European philosophy, history, and science within a Buddhist framework. Among his students were Alexander Piatigorsky and Linnart Mäll.", "title": "Bidia Dandaron" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the Roman occupation of Britain was coming to an end, Constantine III withdrew the remains of the army, in reaction to the barbarian invasion of Europe. The Romano - British leaders were faced with an increasing security problem from seaborne raids, particularly by Picts on the East coast of England. The expedient adopted by the Romano - British leaders was to enlist the help of Anglo - Saxon mercenaries (known as foederati), to whom they ceded territory. In about 442 the Anglo - Saxons mutinied, apparently because they had not been paid. The Romano - British responded by appealing to the Roman commander of the Western empire, Aëtius for help (a document known as the Groans of the Britons), even though Honorius, the Western Roman Emperor, had written to the British civitas in or about 410 telling them to look to their own defence. There then followed several years of fighting between the British and the Anglo - Saxons. The fighting continued until around 500, when, at the Battle of Mount Badon, the Britons inflicted a severe defeat on the Anglo - Saxons.", "title": "History of Anglo-Saxon England" } ]

[ { "answer": "Paul VI", "id": 313926, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Romano Pontifici Eligendo >> author", "raw_question": "Romano Pontifici Eligendo >> author", "statement": "Paul VI is the author of Romano Pontifici Eligendo." }, { "answer": "Pius XII", "id": 22239, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Whose theology did Paul VI continue to propagate during his papacy?", "raw_question": "Whose theology did #1 continue to propagate during his papacy?", "statement": "Paul VI continued to propagate the theology of Pius XII during his papacy." }, { "answer": "Castel Gandolfo", "id": 462036, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Pius XII >> place of death", "raw_question": "#2 >> place of death", "statement": "Pius XII died in Castel Gandolfo." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first defence minister of independent India was Baldev Singh, who served in Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet during 1947 -- 52. Nirmala Sitharaman, the current defence minister of India is the second woman since Indira Gandhi to hold this major post.", "title": "Minister of Defence (India)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence Act of 1946. The new ministry was headed by a Minister of Defence who possessed a seat in the Cabinet. The three existing service Ministers—the Secretary of State for War, the First Lord of the Admiralty, and the Secretary of State for Air—remained in direct operational control of their respective services, but ceased to attend Cabinet.", "title": "Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Minister of Defence and Military Veterans (formerly the Minister of Defence) is a Minister in the Government of South Africa, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Defence, the Department of Military Veterans and the South African National Defence Force.", "title": "Minister of Defence and Military Veterans" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ministry is headed by a cabinet minister. The current Minister of Defence, since 6 June 2016, is Adolf Mwesige. He is deputised by the Minister of State, currently Colonel Charles Engola Okello.", "title": "Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (Uganda)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Bull's Other Island is a comedy about Ireland, written by George Bernard Shaw in 1904. Shaw himself was born in Dublin, yet this is one of only two plays of his where he thematically returned to his homeland, the other being \"O'Flaherty V.C.\" The play was highly successful in its day, but is rarely revived, probably because so much of the dialogue is specific to the politics of the day.", "title": "John Bull's Other Island" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Minister for Defence (Irish: An tAire Cosanta) is the senior minister at the Department of Defence in the Government of Ireland. The current Minister for Defence is Leo Varadkar, TD.", "title": "Minister for Defence (Ireland)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. It is the location of Houghton Hall, a large country house built by Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.", "title": "Houghton, Norfolk" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pavel Sergeyevich Grachev (; 1 January 1948 – 23 September 2012), sometimes transliterated as Grachov, was a Russian Army General and the Defence Minister of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 1996; in 1988 he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union gold star. As Defence Minister, Grachev gained notoriety because of his military incompetence displayed during the First Chechen War and the persistent allegations of involvement in enormous corruption scandals.", "title": "Pavel Grachev" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tun Rahah binti Mohamed Noah (born 11 June 1933) is the widow of former Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak and the mother of former Prime Minister Najib Razak. She is the daughter of Mohamad Noah Omar, former Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat.", "title": "Rahah Noah" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff are supported by a number of civilian, scientific and professional military advisors. The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence (generally known as the Permanent Secretary) is the senior civil servant at the MoD. His or her role is to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government.", "title": "Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colonel General Nguyễn Huy Hiệu (born 1947) is an officer of the Vietnam People's Army and current Deputy Minister of Defence of Vietnam. Enlisted in 1965, Nguyễn Huy Hiệu fought in various battlefields during Vietnam War, especially the Battle of Quảng Trị where he was appointed commander of battalion at the age of 23. Nguyễn Huy Hiệu began to hold the position of Deputy Minister of Defence in 1994.", "title": "Nguyễn Huy Hiệu" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rolf Arthur Hansen (23 July 1920 – 26 July 2006) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He was personal secretary to Minister of Social Affairs 1956-1959, Minister of Defence 1976-1979, and Minister of Environmental Affairs 1979-1981, as well as minister of Nordic cooperation 1980-1981.", "title": "Rolf Arthur Hansen" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bakopanos was a member of the Liberal Party of Canada in the House of Commons of Canada, representing the riding of Ahuntsic from 1997 to 2006, and Saint-Denis from 1993 to 1997 and is the first Greek-born woman to be elected to Parliament. Bakopanos has been an executive, and a policy adviser. Formerly Assistant Deputy Chairman of Committees of the Whole, and a former Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada (1997–1999). Bakopanos was named Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Social Development with special emphasis on Social Economy on July 20, 2004. Bakopanos has served as Chair of the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration and as Vice-Chair of the Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage.", "title": "Eleni Bakopanos" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Latrodectus geometricus, commonly known as the brown widow, brown button spider, grey widow, brown black widow, house button spider or geometric button spider, is one of the widow spiders in the genus \"Latrodectus\". As such, it is a 'cousin' to the more infamous \"Latrodectus mactans\" (black widow).", "title": "Latrodectus geometricus" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frédéric Monod (17 May 1794, in Monnaz - 30 December 1863, in Paris) was a French Protestant pastor. He was the older brother of minister Adolphe Monod. He was born citizen of the Republic of Geneva, and obtained the French citizenship in 1820.", "title": "Frédéric Monod" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minister of Defence of Sri Lanka Incumbent Maithripala Sirisena since 12th January 2015 Ministry of Defence Inaugural holder Don Stephen Senanayake Formation 24 September 1947 Deputy Ruwan Wijewardene Website www.defence.lk", "title": "Minister of Defence (Sri Lanka)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place.", "title": "Prime Minister of Iraq" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Norwegian Red Cross (\"Norges Røde Kors\") was founded on 22 September 1865 by prime minister Frederik Stang. In 1895 the Norwegian Red Cross began educating nurses, and in 1907 the Norwegian Ministry of Defence authorized the organization for voluntary medical aid in war. The Norwegian Red Cross was one of the first national organizations in the International Red Cross.", "title": "Norwegian Red Cross" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Widowers' Houses (1892) was the first play by George Bernard Shaw to be staged. It premièred on 9 December 1892 at the Royalty Theatre, under the auspices of the Independent Theatre Society — a subscription club, formed to escape the Lord Chamberlain's Office censorship.", "title": "Widowers' Houses" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Widow's Broom is a 1992 children's novel by the American author Chris Van Allsburg. A movie version to be directed by Sam Weisman was briefly in production in 2004.", "title": "The Widow's Broom" } ]

[ { "answer": "George Bernard Shaw", "id": 197104, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Widowers' Houses >> author", "raw_question": "Widowers' Houses >> author", "statement": "George Bernard Shaw was the author of Widowers' Houses." }, { "answer": "Ireland", "id": 631365, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "George Bernard Shaw >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "George Bernard Shaw was a citizen of Ireland." }, { "answer": "Leo Varadkar, TD", "id": 53191, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "who is the minister for defence in Ireland", "raw_question": "who is the minister for defence in #2", "statement": "Leo Varadkar, TD is the minister for defence in Ireland." } ]

[ "Leo Varadkar" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Helen of Sweden ( 1190 – 1247, Swedish: \"Helena\") was a Swedish princess and abbess, daughter of King Sverker II of Sweden and the mother of Queen Catherine of Sweden. She was Abbess of Vreta Abbey.", "title": "Helen of Sweden (13th century)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johan Mårtensson (born 16 February 1989) is a Swedish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Örebro SK in Allsvenskan.", "title": "Johan Mårtensson" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He played for Vind IL and SK Gjøvik-Lyn before joining Hamarkameratene. He made his Norwegian Premier League debut on 23 May 1994, and got 49 league games in total.", "title": "Arild Rebne" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Enis Jackson (born May 16, 1963 in Helena, Arkansas) is a former professional American football player who played defensive back in 1987 for the Cleveland Browns in the National Football League.", "title": "Enis Jackson" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scottish Premiership Founded 2013; 5 years ago (2013) Country Scotland Confederation UEFA Number of teams 12 Level on pyramid Relegation to Scottish Championship Domestic cup (s) Scottish Cup League cup (s) Scottish League Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Celtic (5th title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Celtic (5 titles) TV partners Sky Sports BT Sport BBC Scotland Website www.spfl.co.uk 2017 -- 18 Scottish Premiership", "title": "Scottish Premiership" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mārtiņš Porejs (born July 6, 1991 in Riga) is a Latvian ice hockey player, currently playing for Dinamo Riga of Kontinental Hockey League. He played for SK Riga 18 and SK LSPA/Riga teams before joining HK Riga.", "title": "Mārtiņš Porejs" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ställdalen is a locality situated in Ljusnarsberg Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden with 539 inhabitants in 2010. In January 1956 there was a rail accident there.", "title": "Ställdalen" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SK Líšeň is a football club located in Brno, Czech Republic. It currently plays in the Czech National Football League, having won promotion from the Moravian–Silesian Football League in 2019.", "title": "SK Líšeň" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The national bird of Saint Helena is the Saint Helena plover, known locally as the wirebird. It appears on the coat of arms of Saint Helena and on the flag.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Örebro IK was an ice hockey team from Örebro, Sweden that was founded in 1972. The team filed for bankruptcy and was liquidated in 1999, after many years of playing elite-level hockey. Today, Örebro is represented in Sweden's upper-tier hockey leagues by Örebro HK.", "title": "Örebro IK" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The SKS is a Soviet semi-automatic carbine chambered for the 7.62×39mm round, designed in 1943 by Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov. Its complete designation, SKS-45, is an initialism for Samozaryadny Karabin sistemy Simonova, 1945 (, 1945; Self-loading Carbine of (the) Simonov system, 1945). The SKS-45 was manufactured at Tula Arsenal from 1945 to 1958 and at Izhevsk Arsenal in just 1953 and 1954, resulting in a total Soviet production of about 2.7 million carbines. In the early 1950s, the Soviets took the SKS carbine out of front-line service and replaced it with the AK-47; however, the SKS remained in second-line service for decades.", "title": "SKS" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Helena has the international calling code +290 which, since 2006, Tristan da Cunha shares. Saint Helena telephone numbers changed from 4 to 5 digits on 1 October 2013 by being prefixed with the digit \"2\", i.e. 2xxxx, with the range 5xxxx being reserved for mobile numbering, and 8xxx being used for Tristan da Cunha numbers (these still shown as 4 digits).", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Přerovský (born 5 March 1992) is a professional Czech football player currently playing for MFK Vyškov. He made 30 league appearances and scored one goal for FC Zbrojovka Brno over the course of three seasons. After not making a single appearance for the team in the 2014–15 Czech First League season, he moved to SK Líšeň in the Moravian–Silesian Football League, the third tier of Czech football.", "title": "Daniel Přerovský" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Degerfors Municipality (\"Degerfors kommun\") is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Degerfors.", "title": "Degerfors Municipality" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He played his career in Örebro SK and in Djurgårdens IF as a midfielder, and he was selected to the Sweden national football team for the 1978 FIFA World Cup. He later joined the Djurgårdens IF board.", "title": "Ronald Åhman" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2003 season under new coach Stefan Lundin started well for Örebro, but yet again a poor ending of the season saw the team end up in eighth place. Promising goalkeeper John Alvbåge and Danish veteran Lars Larsen introduced themselves and soon became favourites of the Örebro crowd. The 2004 season became one of the darkest years in club history. First, Örebro had to fight hard to avoid relegation. A heroic effort with five straight wins at the end of the season earned a mid table finishing (seventh, later amended to eighth), but in the end effort proved futile. Economic problems had haunted ÖSK for a period of time as the club faced major deficits. Even after yet another heroic attempt by both supporters and sponsors the club was relegated by \"Elitlicensnämnden\" (eng: The Elite license board), who ruled that the balance sheet of the club did not comply with the standards of the Swedish Football Association. Örebro SK's appeal failed and the club was forced to play in Superettan.", "title": "Örebro SK" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Today Saint Helena has its own currency, the Saint Helena pound, which is at parity with the pound sterling. The government of Saint Helena produces its own coinage and banknotes. The Bank of Saint Helena was established on Saint Helena and Ascension Island in 2004. It has branches in Jamestown on Saint Helena, and Georgetown, Ascension Island and it took over the business of the St. Helena government savings bank and Ascension Island Savings Bank.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Superettan, part of the 2013 Swedish football season, was the 13th season of Sweden's second-tier football league in its current format. The 2013 fixtures were released on 18 December 2012. The season started on 6 April 2013 and ended on 2 November 2013.", "title": "2013 Superettan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John VIII Palaiologos was the eldest son of Manuel II Palaiologos and Helena Dragaš, the daughter of the Serbian prince Constantine Dragaš. He was associated as co-emperor with his father before 1416 and became sole emperor in 1425.", "title": "John VIII Palaiologos" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luke McDonald (born 9 February 1995) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was recruited under the Father-son rule with the eighth selection in the 2013 national draft. His father, Donald McDonald played 155 games for North Melbourne and was working in the club's football department until he left to avoid any conflict of interest.", "title": "Luke McDonald (footballer)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Superettan", "id": 128127, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Which is the league of Örebro SK?", "raw_question": "Which is the league of Örebro SK?", "statement": "Örebro SK plays in the Superettan." }, { "answer": "Sweden", "id": 454498, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "2013 Superettan >> country", "raw_question": "2013 #1 >> country", "statement": "Sweden held the 2013 Superettan league." }, { "answer": "Sverker II of Sweden", "id": 125168, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Who fathered Helena Sverkersdotter of Sweden ?", "raw_question": "Who fathered Helena Sverkersdotter of #2 ?", "statement": "Sverker II of Sweden fathered Helena Sverkersdotter of Sweden." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "River Island is one of the Falkland Islands. It is located in Byron Sound to the south of East Island and Pebble Island. There is a tidal island to its west, separated by a shallow lagoon.", "title": "River Island, Falkland Islands" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``All You Need Is Love ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The Beatles performed the song over a pre-recorded backing track as Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link. Watched by over 400 million in 25 countries, the programme was broadcast via satellite on 25 June 1967. The song captured the utopian sentiments of the Summer of Love era and topped singles charts in Britain, the United States and many other countries.", "title": "All You Need Is Love" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Skeppshult is a locality situated in Gislaved Municipality, Jönköping County, Sweden beside river Nissan. In 2010 365 inhabitants lived in Skeppshult.", "title": "Skeppshult" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.", "title": "List of island countries" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ezio Gamba (born 2 December 1958, in Brescia) is a retired judoka from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics (1976, 1980, 1984 and 1988). He claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) in 1980 by defeating Great Britain's Neil Adams.", "title": "Ezio Gamba" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ),[note 1] is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country's population of 53,158 people (at the 2011 Census) is spread out over 29 coral atolls, comprising 1,156 individual islands and islets. The islands share maritime boundaries with the Federated States of Micronesia to the west, Wake Island to the north,[note 2] Kiribati to the south-east, and Nauru to the south. About 27,797 of the islanders (at the 2011 Census) live on Majuro, which contains the capital.", "title": "Marshall Islands" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255 million people as of 2015, and also the 4th most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country. Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southeast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and also, as the Hoa, in Vietnam.", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "More than half of the Jews live in the Diaspora (see Population table). Currently, the largest Jewish community outside Israel, and either the largest or second-largest Jewish community in the world, is located in the United States, with 5.2 million to 6.4 million Jews by various estimates. Elsewhere in the Americas, there are also large Jewish populations in Canada (315,000), Argentina (180,000-300,000), and Brazil (196,000-600,000), and smaller populations in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and several other countries (see History of the Jews in Latin America). Demographers disagree on whether the United States has a larger Jewish population than Israel, with many maintaining that Israel surpassed the United States in Jewish population during the 2000s, while others maintain that the United States still has the largest Jewish population in the world. Currently, a major national Jewish population survey is planned to ascertain whether or not Israel has overtaken the United States in Jewish population.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Britain retains sovereignty over 14 territories outside the British Isles, which were renamed the British Overseas Territories in 2002. Some are uninhabited except for transient military or scientific personnel; the remainder are self-governing to varying degrees and are reliant on the UK for foreign relations and defence. The British government has stated its willingness to assist any Overseas Territory that wishes to proceed to independence, where that is an option. British sovereignty of several of the overseas territories is disputed by their geographical neighbours: Gibraltar is claimed by Spain, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are claimed by Argentina, and the British Indian Ocean Territory is claimed by Mauritius and Seychelles. The British Antarctic Territory is subject to overlapping claims by Argentina and Chile, while many countries do not recognise any territorial claims in Antarctica.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacques Cartier (French pronunciation: ​ (ʒak kaʁtje); Breton: Jakez Karter; December 31, 1491 -- September 1, 1557) was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named ``The Country of Canadas '', after the Iroquois names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona (Quebec City) and at Hochelaga (Montreal Island).", "title": "Jacques Cartier" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Mi Corazoncito\" () is Aventura's second single from their second live album \"K.O.B. Live\". The song reached big recognition in many Spanish-speaking countries and reached number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Tracks chart.", "title": "Mi Corazoncito" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mapledurham is a small village, civil parish and country estate beside the River Thames in southern Oxfordshire. Although the parish borders the large town of Reading, Berkshire, the village has a rural and picturesque character. Significant historic buildings include the Church of England parish church of St. Margaret, Mapledurham Watermill and Mapledurham House.", "title": "Mapledurham" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍ -- ‌the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west, giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 22nd-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017.", "title": "United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rates of interreligious marriage vary widely: In the United States, it is just under 50%, in the United Kingdom, around 53%; in France; around 30%, and in Australia and Mexico, as low as 10%. In the United States, only about a third of children from intermarriages affiliate with Jewish religious practice. The result is that most countries in the Diaspora have steady or slightly declining religiously Jewish populations as Jews continue to assimilate into the countries in which they live.[citation needed]", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five - eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller named islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.", "title": "England" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Technicolor (formerly called Thomson Consumer Electronics) claims to control MP3 licensing of the Layer 3 patents in many countries, including the United States, Japan, Canada and EU countries. Technicolor has been actively enforcing these patents.", "title": "MP3" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Desportivo Militar 6 de Setembro (Portuguese meaning September 6 in which the date is founded) is a football club that plays in the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship. The team is based in the village of Santana island of São Tomé. The club is the country's only military football club. The team is one of the few teams to claim presently only one island and national title, the club also has two island and national cup wins.", "title": "6 de Setembro" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Saint Helena and the other Crown colonies as British Dependent Territories. The islanders lost their right of abode in Britain. For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the Falkland Islands and Ascension Island. The Development and Economic Planning Department, which still operates, was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2016, Israel's population was an estimated 8,476,600 million people, of whom 6,345,400 (74.9%) were recorded by the civil government as Jews. 1,760,400 Arabs comprised 20.7% of the population, while non-Arab Christians and people who have no religion listed in the civil registry made up 4.4%. Over the last decade, large numbers of migrant workers from Romania, Thailand, China, Africa, and South America have settled in Israel. Exact figures are unknown, as many of them are living in the country illegally, but estimates run in the region of 203,000. By June 2012, approximately 60,000 African migrants had entered Israel. About 92% of Israelis live in urban areas.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel). Of these, just under two-thirds lived in the French-controlled Maghreb region, 15–20% in the Kingdom of Iraq, approximately 10% in the Kingdom of Egypt and approximately 7% in the Kingdom of Yemen. A further 200,000 lived in Pahlavi Iran and the Republic of Turkey. Today, around 26,000 Jews live in Arab countries and around 30,000 in Iran and Turkey. A small-scale exodus had begun in many countries in the early decades of the 20th century, although the only substantial aliyah came from Yemen and Syria. The exodus from Arab and Muslim countries took place primarily from 1948. The first large-scale exoduses took place in the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily in Iraq, Yemen and Libya, with up to 90% of these communities leaving within a few years. The peak of the exodus from Egypt occurred in 1956. The exodus in the Maghreb countries peaked in the 1960s. Lebanon was the only Arab country to see a temporary increase in its Jewish population during this period, due to an influx of refugees from other Arab countries, although by the mid-1970s the Jewish community of Lebanon had also dwindled. In the aftermath of the exodus wave from Arab states, an additional migration of Iranian Jews peaked in the 1980s when around 80% of Iranian Jews left the country.[citation needed]", "title": "Jews" } ]

[ { "answer": "Falkland Islands", "id": 343065, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "River Island >> country", "raw_question": "River Island >> country", "statement": "River Island is located in the Falkland Islands." }, { "answer": "Argentina", "id": 20680, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Which country besides Britain claims Falkland Islands ?", "raw_question": "Which country besides Britain claims #1 ?", "statement": "Argentina claims the Falkland Islands." }, { "answer": "180,000-300,000", "id": 21115, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "How many Jews live in Argentina ?", "raw_question": "How many Jews live in #2 ?", "statement": "180,000-300,000 Jews live in Argentina." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sultan Husayn (also known as Soltan Hosayn and Soltan Hosein), (October 1668 – November 1726) () reigned 1694–1722; was a Safavid Shah of Iran (Persia). He ruled from 1694 until he was overthrown in 1722 by rebellious marauder Mahmud Hotaki, an Afghan of Pashtun ethnic background. His reign saw the downfall of the Safavid dynasty, which had ruled Persia since the beginning of the 16th century.", "title": "Sultan Husayn" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Champaner (ચાંપાનેર), formarly known as Muhammadpur, is a historical city in the state of Gujarat, in western India. It is located in Panchmahal district, 47 kilometres from the city of Vadodara. The city was briefly the capital of the Sultanate of Gujarat.", "title": "Champaner" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport (Indonesian: \"Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Iskandar Muda\", Acehnese: \"Bandar Udara Antar Nanggroë Sultan Iskandar Muda\"), also called Banda Aceh International Airport (Indonesian: \"Bandar Udara Internasional Banda Aceh\") is the airport located 13,5 kilometres southeast of the capital of Aceh province, Banda Aceh. It is named after the twelfth sultan of Aceh, Iskandar Muda. This airport was formerly called Blangbintang Airport (Indonesian: Bandara Blangbintang), referred to its location in a subdistrict with same name. This airport is listed as the 23rd busiest airport in Indonesia.", "title": "Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Khosrowabad (, also Romanized as Khosrowābād) is a village in Jajrud Rural District, in the Jajrud District of Pardis County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,180, in 386 families. The village was chosen as the capital of Jajrud Rural District when it was created on December 29, 2012.", "title": "Khosrowabad, Tehran" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bombay, now called Mumbai, Bombaim in Portuguese, is the financial and commercial capital of India and one of the most populous cities in the world. At the time of arrival of the Portuguese, current Bombay was an archipelago of seven islands. Between the third century BCE and 1348, the islands came under the control of successive Hindu dynasties. The Muslim rulers of Gujarat, who had been ruling current Thane and Vasai for a few decades, annexed the islands in 1348, that were later governed by the Gujarat Sultanate from 1391 to 1534. Growing apprehensive of the power of the Mughal emperor Humayun, Sultan Bahadur Shah of the Gujarat Sultanate was obliged to sign the Treaty of Bassein with the Portuguese Empire on 23 December 1534. According to the treaty, the seven islands of Bombay, the nearby strategic town of Bassein and its dependencies were offered to the Portuguese. The territories were later surrendered on 25 October 1535.", "title": "History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534–1661)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the expressway to Kaduna.", "title": "Abuja" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Veliko Tarnovo Municipality () is a municipality (\"obshtina\") in Veliko Tarnovo Province, Central-North Bulgaria, located mostly in the so-called Fore-Balkan area north of Stara planina mountain. It is named after its administrative centre - the old capital of the country, the city of Veliko Tarnovo which is also the main town of the province.", "title": "Veliko Tarnovo Municipality" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn.", "title": "Olsztyn Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kingston Powerhouse is a disused power plant in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located in the suburb of Kingston, Australian Capital Territory.", "title": "Kingston Powerhouse" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves. Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colorado Territory was officially organized by Act of Congress on February 28, 1861, out of lands previously part of the Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories. Technically the territory was open to slavery under the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, but the question was rendered moot by the impending American Civil War and the majority pro-Union sentiment in the territory. The name \"Colorado\" was chosen for the territory. It had been previously suggested in 1850 by Senator Henry S. Foote as a name for a state to have been created out of present-day California south of 35° 45'. To the dismay of Denverites, the town of Colorado City was designated the first territorial capital, quickly succeeded by Golden. Denver eventually became the temporary territorial capital, but was not designated the permanent capital until 1881, five years after Colorado became a state.", "title": "Colorado Territory" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lahej was sultanate of the 'Abdali dynasty. In 1740 the 'Abdali sultan became independent. It became independent thanks to the fracturing of the Zaidi State in north Yemen. The Sultanate of Lahej became an independent entity, from 1728 to 1839.", "title": "Sultanate of Lahej" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pavlodar (Kazakh and Russian: Павлодар) is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan and the capital of Pavlodar Region. It is located 450 km northeast of the national capital Nur-Sultan, and 405 km southeast of the Russian city of Omsk along the Irtysh River. , the city has a population of 331,710. The population of \"Pavlodar\" is composed predominantly of ethnic Russians and Kazakhs with significant Ukrainian, German and Tatar minorities. The city is served by Pavlodar Airport.", "title": "Pavlodar" } ]

[ { "answer": "Iran", "id": 103167, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What country was Sultan Husayn in?", "raw_question": "What country was Sultan Husayn in?", "statement": "Sultan Husayn was in Iran." }, { "answer": "Tehran", "id": 35178, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "What city is Iran 's capital?", "raw_question": "What city is #1 's capital?", "statement": "Tehran is the capital of Iran." }, { "answer": "Pardis County", "id": 826724, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Khosrowabad, Tehran >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Khosrowabad, #2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Khosrowabad is located in Pardis County, Tehran." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edgar Armando Olvera Higuera (born 20 April 1969) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the State of Mexico. In 2016, he was elected mayor of Naucalpan, a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City, for a three-year period (2016-2018). On March 2018, he was awarded permanent license from his position as mayor by local Congress in order to participate in the 2018 Election as candidate for the 29th Local District Deputy.", "title": "Edgar Olvera Higuera" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ernest Eden George (18 September 1863 – 2 May 1927), known as Eden George, was born in New South Wales and came to New Zealand as a young man. He made his career in photography and was active in Auckland and Dunedin, but mainly in Christchurch. Entrepreneurial, combative and confrontational, he entered the political scene. In his early life, he stood at five elections to the New Zealand Parliament, but he came last at every occasion. Surprisingly, he was elected Mayor of Christchurch in 1892 without, unlike all his predecessors, having ever served as a councillor on Christchurch City Council before. He had a most difficult year, was soundly beaten at the next election and told councillors that they \"should forget him, as he would forget them\". Indeed, in 1906, his was the only photo of all the city's ex mayors that was not on display in the mayor's office.", "title": "Eden George" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boston mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Candidate Marty Walsh Tito Jackson Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 70,125 36,433 Percentage 65.3% 33.9% Mayor before election Marty Walsh Elected Mayor Marty Walsh", "title": "2017 Boston mayoral election" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jaime Barrón Poveda (born 1959 in Sucre) is former mayor of the city of Sucre, Bolivia, representing the Pact of Social Integration (PAÍS) political party, which is closely aligned with the Inter-Institutional Committee of Chuquisaca. Following his election in the April 4, 2010 regional elections, Barrón was sworn in as mayor in late May. However, Barrón was also indicted for instigating the violence of May 24, 2008. His office as mayor was suspended due to the indictment and Veronica Berrios, of the Movimiento Al Socialismo party was chosen by the council as interim mayor in mid-June 2010. On June 19, Barrón formally resigned his position as mayor to make way for new elections, which can be held no earlier than January 2011. On November 15, by judge's order, Barrón was placed into detention to await trial.", "title": "Jaime Barrón" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patience Latting was elected Mayor of Oklahoma City in 1971, becoming the city's first female mayor. Latting was also the first woman to serve as mayor of a U.S. city with over 350,000 residents.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Florida gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the Governor of Florida, concurrently with the election of Florida's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various Florida and local elections. Incumbent Republican Governor Rick Scott is term - limited and can not seek re-election to a third consecutive term.", "title": "2018 Florida gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Orleans mayoral election, 2017 ← 2014 October 14 and November 18, 2017 2021 → Candidate LaToya Cantrell Desiree M. Charbonnet Party Democratic Democratic Popular vote 51,342 33,729 Percentage 60.4% 39.7% Mayor before election Mitch Landrieu Democratic Elected Mayor LaToya Cantrell Democratic", "title": "2017 New Orleans mayoral election" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council Whole council elected every four years Coat of arms Type Type London borough council of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Houses Unicameral Term limits None History Founded 1 April 1965 Preceded by Chelsea Borough Council Kensington Borough Council New session started 22 May 2013 (Municipal year 2013 / 2014) Leadership Leader Elizabeth Campbell, Conservative Since 19 Jul 2017 Mayor Cllr Marie - Therese Rossi Since May 2017 Structure Seats 50 councillors Political groups Executive (40) Conservative (40) Opposition (10) Labour (7) Liberal Democrat (3) Elections Voting system Plurality - at - large Last election 22 May 2014 Next election 2018 Meeting place Town Hall, Hornton Street Website www.rbkc.gov.uk", "title": "Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eight candidates qualified to appear on the ballot, and a ninth qualified as a write - in. The four major candidates were former Supervisor Angela Alioto, former Acting Mayor London Breed, Supervisor Jane Kim and former State Senator Mark Leno. All four main candidates identify as Democrats, though the position is officially nonpartisan per the Constitution of California. Leno conceded the race to Breed on June 13.", "title": "2018 San Francisco mayoral special election" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jocelyn Enriquez (born December 28, 1974) is an American dance-pop singer from San Francisco. She is of Filipino descent; her parents are from the province of Pangasinan. She graduated from Pinole Valley High School in 1993.", "title": "Jocelyn Enriquez" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joan McBride is an American politician. A Democrat, she was the mayor of Kirkland, Washington, from 2010 to 2013, after which she was elected to the Washington House of Representatives as a member from District 48. She also served on the Kirkland City Council since 1998, sitting as deputy mayor from 2002 until her election as mayor in 2010.", "title": "Joan McBride" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francis E. Rodgers (November 15, 1909 – February 8, 2000) was an American Democratic Party politician who was among the longest-serving Mayors in U.S. history, first elected in 1946 as Mayor of Harrison, New Jersey. He served in the position for 48 years from 1946 to 1995, having been elected to 24 consecutive two-year terms in office. On May 30, 1987, Rodgers earned a place in the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" when he surpassed by a single day Mayor Erastus Corning II of Albany, New York, who died in office in 1983 after having served 40 years, 4 months and 28 days in office. The town marked the occasion by closing municipal offices in the mayor's honor and by letting students in the Harrison Public Schools have a day off. However, Mayor Hilmar Moore of Richmond, Texas, served a much longer span of 63 years in office until he died in 2012.", "title": "Frank E. Rodgers" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "All My Life is the third album by singer Jocelyn Enriquez. It was released on February 11, 2003 on Jocelyn's own label, JEM Entertainment. All My Life includes the hit singles, \"No Way No How\" and \"Why.\"", "title": "All My Life (Jocelyn Enriquez album)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Michigan gubernatorial election of 2018 will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the Governor of Michigan, concurrently with the election of Michigan's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.", "title": "2018 Michigan gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 United States elections will mostly be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. These midterm elections will take place in the middle of Republican President Donald Trump's term. All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 33 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate will be contested. 39 state and territorial governorships and numerous other state and local elections will also be contested.", "title": "2018 United States elections" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2008 London mayoral election for the office of Mayor of London, England, was held on 1 May 2008 and was won by Conservative Party candidate Boris Johnson.", "title": "2008 London mayoral election" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor has a council-manager form of government. The City Council has 11 voting members: the mayor and 10 city council members. The mayor and city council members serve two-year terms: the mayor is elected every even-numbered year, while half of the city council members are up for election annually (five in even-numbered and five in odd-numbered years). Two council members are elected from each of the city's five wards. The mayor is elected citywide. The mayor is the presiding officer of the City Council and has the power to appoint all Council committee members as well as board and commission members, with the approval of the City Council. The current mayor of Ann Arbor is Christopher Taylor, a Democrat who was elected as mayor in 2014. Day-to-day city operations are managed by a city administrator chosen by the city council.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. Incumbent Republican Governor Nathan Deal is term - limited and thus can not seek reelection to a third consecutive term. The primary elections were held on May 22, 2018 and a primary runoff will be held on July 24, 2018 between Republican candidates Casey Cagle and Brian Kemp. The Democrats have nominated Stacey Abrams.", "title": "2018 Georgia gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Cincinnati mayoral election took place on November 7, 2017, to elect the Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio. The election was officially nonpartisan, with the top two candidates from the May 2 primary election advancing to the general election, regardless of party. Incumbent Democratic Mayor John Cranley won re-election to a second term.", "title": "2017 Cincinnati mayoral election" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jocelyn Enriquez", "id": 673650, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "All My Life >> performer", "raw_question": "All My Life >> performer", "statement": "Jocelyn Enriquez was the performer of the song \"All My Life\"." }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "id": 443893, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Jocelyn Enriquez >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Jocelyn Enriquez was born in San Francisco." }, { "answer": "former Acting Mayor London Breed", "id": 58953, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "who was elected mayor of San Francisco in 2018", "raw_question": "who was elected mayor of #2 in 2018", "statement": "Former Acting Mayor London Breed was elected mayor of San Francisco in 2018." } ]

[ "London Breed" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On September 18, 2014, Harambe was transferred to the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden to learn adult gorilla behavior and join a new social group.", "title": "Killing of Harambe" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Botanischer Garten Duisburg-Hamborn, also known as the Botanischer Garten Duisburg or the Botanischer Garten Hamborn, is a municipal botanical garden and aquarium located at Fürst-Pückler-Straße 18, Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is open daily, and should not be confused with the Botanischer Garten Kaiserberg, another botanical garden in Duisburg.", "title": "Botanischer Garten Duisburg-Hamborn" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Herbarium and Botanical Garden complex of Shah Abdul Latif University is located in Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Completed in 2008, it is the first-ever planned botanical garden of the country. The complex comprises the following:", "title": "Herbarium and Botanical Garden, Shah Abdul Latif University" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pretoria National Botanical Garden is one of South Africa's nine National Botanical Gardens. The garden is wedged between Pretoria Road and Cussonia Avenue in Brummeria, in eastern Pretoria, Gauteng, and flanks a central rocky ridge that runs from east to west. The garden was established in 1946, and of late hosts the headquarters of the South African National Biodiversity Institute.", "title": "Pretoria National Botanical Garden" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johannes Bisse (1935–1984) was a Cuban botanist, born in Germany in 1935 and arrived in Cuba in 1966. He received his doctorate from the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena. He was the founder and first director of the Cuban National Botanic Garden in Havana.", "title": "Johannes Bisse" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Colac Botanic Gardens is a regional botanical garden, located at the corner of Fyans and Gellibrand streets, on the shores of Lake Colac in Colac, Victoria, Australia. Land was allocated in 1865, with the garden being established in 1868 by Daniel Bunce, and later remodelled in 1910 by Melbourne Botanical Gardens director William Guilfoyle.", "title": "Colac Botanic Gardens" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mehan Garden is an open space in Manila, Philippines. It was established in 1858 by the Spanish colonial authorities as a botanical garden, called the \"Jardín Botánico\", outside the walled city.", "title": "Mehan Garden" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Orchid Garden, located within the Singapore Botanic Gardens, was opened on 20 October 1995 by Singapore's Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew.", "title": "National Orchid Garden" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Willans Hill Model Railway is located in Wagga Wagga Botanic Gardens in the suburb of Turvey Park in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Willans Hill Miniature Railway" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ballarat Botanical Gardens Reserve, located on the western shore of picturesque Lake Wendouree, in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, covers an area of 40 hectares which is divided into three distinct zones. The central Botanical Gardens reserve in the 'gardenesque' style of the Victorian pleasure garden. On either side there are open parkland buffers known as the North and South Gardens. The Gardens celebrated its sesquicentenary (150 years old) in 2007.", "title": "Ballarat Botanical Gardens" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – edible, medicinal and poisonous plants, making it one of the oldest branches of science. Medieval physic gardens, often attached to monasteries, contained plants of medical importance. They were forerunners of the first botanical gardens attached to universities, founded from the 1540s onwards. One of the earliest was the Padua botanical garden. These gardens facilitated the academic study of plants. Efforts to catalogue and describe their collections were the beginnings of plant taxonomy, and led in 1753 to the binomial system of Carl Linnaeus that remains in use to this day.", "title": "Botany" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (, \"Natsionalnyi botanichnyi sad im. M.M.Hryshka\"; , \"Natsionalnyi botanicheskiy sad im. N.N.Grishko\") is located in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine.", "title": "Hryshko National Botanical Garden" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monographs in Systematic Botany also known as Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden is a series of monographs relating to the study of systematic botany. It is published by the Missouri Botanical Garden Press.", "title": "Monographs in Systematic Botany" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jardín Botánico Clavijero ( \"Clavijero Botanical Garden\" ) is an important botanical garden in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. The garden is dedicated to Francisco Javier Clavijero, who was a Novohispano Jesuit teacher, scholar and historian.", "title": "Clavijero Botanical Garden" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Farnese Gardens (), or \"Gardens of Farnese upon the Palatine\", are a garden in Rome, central Italy, created in 1550 on the northern portion of Palatine Hill, by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese. They were the first private botanical gardens in Europe; the first botanical gardens of any kind in Europe were started by Italian universities in the mid-16th century, only a short time before.", "title": "Farnese Gardens" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the mid-16th century, \"botanical gardens\" were founded in a number of Italian universities – the Padua botanical garden in 1545 is usually considered to be the first which is still in its original location. These gardens continued the practical value of earlier \"physic gardens\", often associated with monasteries, in which plants were cultivated for medical use. They supported the growth of botany as an academic subject. Lectures were given about the plants grown in the gardens and their medical uses demonstrated. Botanical gardens came much later to northern Europe; the first in England was the University of Oxford Botanic Garden in 1621. Throughout this period, botany remained firmly subordinate to medicine.", "title": "Botany" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna is a botanical garden in Vienna, Austria. It covers 8 hectares and is immediately adjacent to the Belvedere gardens. It is a part of the University of Vienna.", "title": "Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Margraviate of Austria was a southeastern frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire created in 976 out of the territory on the border with the Principality of Hungary. Originally under the overlordship of the Dukes of Bavaria, it was ruled by margraves of the Franconian Babenberg dynasty. It became an Imperial State in its own right, when the Babenbergs were elevated to Dukes of Austria in 1156.", "title": "Margraviate of Austria" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Highline Botanical Garden is a community botanical garden located at 13735 24th Avenue South, SeaTac, Washington. It is open daily without charge.", "title": "Highline Botanical Garden" } ]

[ { "answer": "University of Vienna", "id": 30348, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Where did Hayek acquire his doctorates?", "raw_question": "Where did Hayek acquire his doctorates?", "statement": "The University of Vienna is the school where Hayek got his doctorates." }, { "answer": "Austria", "id": 348668, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Botanical Garden of University of Vienna >> country", "raw_question": "Botanical Garden of #1 >> country", "statement": "The Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna is located in Austria." }, { "answer": "march", "id": 856982, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Margraviate of Austria >> instance of", "raw_question": "Margraviate of #2 >> instance of", "statement": "The Margraviate of Austria is an instance of a march." } ]

[ "Mar", "March" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marais Viljoen, (2 December 1915 – 4 January 2007) was the last ceremonial State President of South Africa from 4 June 1979 until 3 September 1984. Viljoen became the last of the ceremonial presidents of South Africa when he was succeeded in 1984 by Prime Minister P. W. Botha, who combined the offices into an executive presidency.", "title": "Marais Viljoen" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in St. Petersburg, she studied art in Paris from 1911 to 1913. She returned to St. Petersburg in 1913 and married Ivan Puni. Their apartment in St Petersburg became a meeting place for avant-garde artists and poets. With Puni she published the cubo-futurist booklet \"Roaring Parnassus\" («Рыкающий Парнас») in 1914.", "title": "Kseniya Boguslavskaya" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, \"I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\" He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of the nuclear arsenal) were ceded to Yeltsin. A week earlier, Gorbachev had met with Yeltsin and accepted the fait accompli of the Soviet Union's dissolution. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR adopted a statute to change Russia's legal name from \"Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic\" to \"Russian Federation,\" showing that it was now a sovereign state.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There have been 14 Presidents of India since the post was established when India was declared as a republic with the adoption of the Indian constitution in 1950. Apart from these fourteen, three Acting Presidents have also been in office for short periods of time. Varahagiri Venkata Giri became the Acting President in 1969 after Zakir Husain, died in office. Giri was elected President a few months later. He remains the only person to have held office both as a President and Acting President. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, is the only person to have held office for two terms.", "title": "List of presidents of India" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The median age upon accession to the presidency is roughly 55 years and 6 months, which is about how old Benjamin Harrison was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president following William McKinley's assassination, at the age of 7004156620000000000 ♠ 42 years, 322 days. The youngest person elected president was John F. Kennedy, who was inaugurated into office at the age of 7004159420000000000 ♠ 43 years, 236 days. Assassinated three years into his term, he became the youngest at the time of leaving office (7004169780000000000 ♠ 46 years, 177 days); the youngest person at the time of leaving office after serving a full four - year term was Theodore Roosevelt (7004183900000000000 ♠ 50 years, 128 days). The oldest person at the time of entering office was Donald Trump, at the age of 7004257880000000000 ♠ 70 years, 220 days; Ronald Reagan was the oldest person in office, at the age of 7004284730000000000 ♠ 77 years, 349 days when his presidency ended in January 1989.", "title": "List of presidents of the United States by age" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu (born 13 April 1960) is the fifth and current President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Among many notable accomplishments since taking office, he has been recognized most widely for his diplomatic determination and leadership in forging global consensus on the CORSIA MBM, a carbon offsetting scheme, at ICAO’s 39th Assembly in 2016, and has helped to refocus ICAO on the assistance and capacity-building aspects of its mandate since taking office in 2014, under the No Country Left Behind initiative.", "title": "Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ivan Puni was born in Kuokkala (then Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire, now Repino in Russia) to a family of Italian origins. He is the grandson of an eminent Italian composer of ballet music, Cesare Pugni.", "title": "Ivan Puni" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The dissolution of the Soviet Union was formally enacted on December 26, 1991, as a result of the declaration no. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or not at all. On the previous day, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers – including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes – to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. That evening at 7:32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "President Term of office Political party (at time of election) Prime Minister (s) No Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904 -- 1996) 1 October 1963 16 January 1966 (deposed.) 2 years, 107 days National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons Balewa", "title": "List of heads of state of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ilyukhin was a sharp critic of the Soviet and Russian authorities since perestroika. Over the years, he brought charges of high treason against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and Russian Presidents, Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin.", "title": "Viktor Ilyukhin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1968, as a result of Robert F. Kennedy's assassination, Congress authorized protection of major presidential and vice presidential candidates and nominees. In 1965 and 1968, Congress also authorized lifetime protection of the spouses of deceased presidents unless they remarry and of the children of former presidents until age 16.", "title": "United States Secret Service" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev.", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the fall of 1985, Gorbachev continued to bring younger and more energetic men into government. On September 27, Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79-year-old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet prime minister, and on October 14, Nikolai Talyzin replaced Nikolai Baibakov as chairman of the State Planning Committee (GOSPLAN). At the next Central Committee meeting on October 15, Tikhonov retired from the Politburo and Talyzin became a candidate. Finally, on December 23, 1985, Gorbachev appointed Yeltsin First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party replacing Viktor Grishin.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (), but also known as the State Soviet, was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union. The members of the council consisted of the President of the Soviet Union, and highest officials (which typically was presidents of their republics) from the Soviet Union Republics. During the period of transition it was the highest organ of state power, having the power to elect a premier, or a person who would take Gorbachev's place if absent; the office of Vice President of the Soviet Union had been abolished following the failed August Coup that very same year.", "title": "State Council of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hanahoe (\"Group of One\") was an unofficial private group of military officers in South Korea headed by Chun Doo-hwan, who later became the South Korean president. The members were mostly graduates of the eleventh class of the Korean Military Academy in 1955. Hanahoe formed the core of the group that eventually took control of the presidency and government from Choe Gyuha, ending the Fourth Republic.", "title": "Hanahoe" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jerry John Rawlings President of Ghana (1st President of the 4th Republic) In office 7 January 1993 -- 7 January 2001 Vice President Kow Nkensen Arkaah (1993 -- 1997) John Atta Mills (1997 -- 2001) Preceded by Himself Succeeded by John Agyekum Kufuor Chairperson of ECOWAS In office 1994 -- 1996 Head of State of Ghana In office 31 December 1981 -- 7 January 1993 Vice President None Preceded by Hilla Limann Head of State of Ghana In office 4 June 1979 -- 24 September 1979 Preceded by General Fred Akuffo Succeeded by Hilla Limann Personal details (1947 - 06 - 22) 22 June 1947 (age 71) Accra, Gold Coast (now Ghana) Political party military -- AFRC (1979) military -- PNDC (1981 -- 93) Multi-Party Democracy -- NDC (1993 -- 2001) Spouse (s) Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings Children 5 Profession Fighter pilot Awards UDS Honorary Award Military service Allegiance Ghana Service / branch Ghana Air Force Years of service 1968 -- 92 Rank Flight Lieutenant", "title": "Jerry Rawlings" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2004 Haitian coup d'état occurred after conflicts lasting for several weeks in Haiti during February 2004. It resulted in the removal from office of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide preventing him from finishing his second term, and he left Haiti on a United States (U.S.) plane accompanied by U.S. military/security personnel.", "title": "2004 Haitian coup d'état" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There have been 14 presidents of India since the introduction of the post in 1950 (the current tenure is 5 years of an Indian President's term). The post was established when India was declared as a republic with the adoption of the Indian constitution. Apart from these thirteen, three acting presidents have also been in office for short periods of time. Varahagiri Venkata Giri became Indian Acting President in 1969 following the death of Zakir Husain, who died in office. Giri was elected President a few months later. He remains the only person to have held office both as a president and acting president. Giri was the only person to be elected as an independent candidate. The President may remain in office for a tenure of five years, as stated by article 56, part V, of the constitution of India. In the case where a president's term of office is terminated early or during the absence of the president, the vice president assumes office. By article 70 of part V, the parliament may decide how to discharge the functions of the president where this is not possible, or in any other unexpected contingency. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, is the only person to have held office for two terms.", "title": "List of presidents of India" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Yale Provost's Office has launched several women into prominent university presidencies. In 1977 Hanna Holborn Gray was appointed acting President of Yale from this position, and went on to become President of the University of Chicago, the first woman to be full president of a major university. In 1994 Yale Provost Judith Rodin became the first female president of an Ivy League institution at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2002 Provost Alison Richard became the Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. In 2004, Provost Susan Hockfield became the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2007 Deputy Provost Kim Bottomly was named President of Wellesley College. In 2003, the Dean of the Divinity School, Rebecca Chopp, was appointed president of Colgate University and now heads Swarthmore College.", "title": "Yale University" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On September 10, 1987, after a lecture from hardliner Yegor Ligachev at the Politburo for allowing these two unsanctioned demonstrations in Moscow, Boris Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev, who had been holidaying on the Black Sea. Gorbachev was stunned – no one had ever voluntarily resigned from the Politburo. At the October 27, 1987, plenary meeting of the Central Committee, Yeltsin, frustrated that Gorbachev had not addressed any of the issues outlined in his resignation letter, criticized the slow pace of reform, servility to the general secretary, and opposition from Ligachev that had led to his (Yeltsin's) resignation. No one had ever addressed the Party leader so brazenly in front of the Central Committee since Leon Trotsky in the 1920s. In his reply, Gorbachev accused Yeltsin of \"political immaturity\" and \"absolute irresponsibility.\" No one backed Yeltsin.", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ivan Puni", "id": 450185, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Kseniya Boguslavskaya >> spouse", "raw_question": "Kseniya Boguslavskaya >> spouse", "statement": "Ivan Puni was the spouse of Kseniya Boguslavskaya." }, { "answer": "Russia", "id": 102686, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "What country is Ivan Puni from?", "raw_question": "What country is #1 from?", "statement": "Ivan Puni is from Russia." }, { "answer": "Boris Yeltsin", "id": 24823, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Who became president of Russia after Gorbachev left office?", "raw_question": "Who became president of #2 after Gorbachev left office?", "statement": "Boris Yeltsin became president of Russia after Gorbachev left office." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lindenhurst is a station on the Babylon Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. It is officially located at Wellwood Avenue (Suffolk CR 3) and East Hoffman Avenue (Suffolk CR 12) in Lindenhurst, New York.", "title": "Lindenhurst station" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of New York City is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "JetBlue first announced its intention to introduce premium seats on some of its transcontinental flights in March 2013. The company officially announced its Mint premium class product on September 30, 2013; the aforementioned service was to be available on flights between New York and San Francisco and New York and Los Angeles, with fares for Mint - class seats starting at US $599 each way. Dave Barger, JetBlue CEO at the time, said that the move was necessary for the airline to better compete with its competitors, which were operating lie - flat seats in transcontinental markets, leaving JetBlue with an all - economy class cabin. The routes were to be operated with new Airbus A321 aircraft, and feature Wi - Fi connectivity. JetBlue's all seven daily round - trip flights between New York and Los Angeles were to feature the service by the fourth quarter of 2014, and all five daily round - trip flights between New York and San Francisco by early 2015. The first Mint flight, from New York -- JFK to Los Angeles, was to begin on June 15, 2014.", "title": "JetBlue Mint" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While subsonic commercial jets took eight hours to fly from New York to Paris, the average supersonic flight time on the transatlantic routes was just under 3.5 hours. Concorde had a maximum cruise altitude of 18,300 metres (60,039 ft) and an average cruise speed of Mach 2.02, about 1155 knots (2140 km / h or 1334 mph), more than twice the speed of conventional aircraft.", "title": "Concorde" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WKSE (98.5 FM, branded as KISS 98.5) is a Top 40 (CHR) station serving the Buffalo and Niagara Falls region of Western New York. The station's transmitter is located on Grand Island, New York. It has a sizable market in the Greater Toronto Area, but unlike the WBLK of old, does little marketing and promotion outside Western New York, but now has to compete with two CHR/Top 40 stations, (after the format change of CKIS) in the Greater Toronto Area; therefore, this will lower the number of listeners there. It is currently owned by Entercom Communications, with studios located on Corporate Parkway in Amherst, New York.", "title": "WKSE" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Concord is a village in Muskingum County, Ohio, United States. The population is 2,491 as of the 2010 census. New Concord is the home of Muskingum University and is served by a branch of the Muskingum County Library System.", "title": "New Concord, Ohio" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Spirit of St. Louis (Registration: N-X - 211) is the custom - built, single engine, single - seat, high wing monoplane that was flown by Charles Lindbergh on May 20 -- 21, 1927, on the first solo nonstop transatlantic flight from Long Island, New York, to Paris, France, for which Lindbergh won the $25,000 Orteig Prize.", "title": "Spirit of St. Louis" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yaşar Topçu (born January 10, 1941 in Boyabat, Sinop Province, Turkey), is a Turkish politician and former government minister. He stood trial before the Constitutional Court for corruption charges, and was found guilty of malpractice.", "title": "Yaşar Topçu" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The fastest transatlantic airliner flight was from New York JFK to London Heathrow on 7 February 1996 by the British Airways G - BOAD in 2 hours, 52 minutes, 59 seconds from take - off to touchdown aided by a 175 mph (282 km / h) tailwind. On 13 February 1985, a Concorde charter flight flew from London Heathrow to Sydney -- on the opposite side of the world -- in a time of 17 hours, 3 minutes and 45 seconds, including refuelling stops.", "title": "Concorde" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond Orteig (1870 – 6 June 1939) was the New York City hotel owner who offered the Orteig Prize for the first non-stop transatlantic flight between New York City and Paris.", "title": "Raymond Orteig" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Karl Stevens (born November 21, 1978 in Concord, Massachusetts) is a graphic novelist and painter. His first book, \"Guilty\", was published in 2004 with a grant from the Xeric Foundation. He is also the author of \"Whatever\" (2008) and \"The Lodger\" (2010). His comic strips have appeared since 2005 in the alternative newsweekly the \"Boston Phoenix\".", "title": "Karl Stevens" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is Where I Leave You began principal photography on May 13, 2013 in New York City. The home is located in Munsey Park on Long Island. The skating rink was in The Bellmores, New York. The synagogue interior and exterior scenes were actually shot at Congregation Kneses Tifereth Israel in Port Chester, New York. Approximately 40 members of the congregation played extras in the scenes.", "title": "This Is Where I Leave You" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Toni Schlesinger is a Chicago-native, New York City-based journalist and theater artist. She is best known for her long running “Shelter” column in \"The Village Voice\" (1997–2006) and New York Observer (2006–07); a selection of the \"Voice\" pieces are gathered in the book \"Five Flights Up\" (Princeton Architectural Press 2006). Previously, Schlesinger was a writer and columnist for the \"Chicago Reader\" (1977–1992).", "title": "Toni Schlesinger" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Guilty as Charged is punk rock band Cock Sparrer's fourth studio album, released in 1994 on Bitzcore Records. The album was re-released on 24 February 2009, in a remixed and partially rerecorded form on Captain Oi! Records.", "title": "Guilty as Charged (Cock Sparrer album)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cock Sparrer () is a punk rock band formed in 1972 in the East End of London, England. Although they have never enjoyed commercial success, they are considered one of the most influential street punk bands of all time, helping pave the way for early '80s punk scene and the Oi! subgenre. Their songs have been covered by many punk, Oi!, and hardcore bands.", "title": "Cock Sparrer" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WQBU-FM (92.7 FM, \"Que Buena 92.7\") is a radio station licensed to Garden City, New York and serving the western Long Island and New York City area. It broadcasts a Spanish language Regional Mexican format and is owned by Uforia Audio Network. The station's transmitter is located at the North Shore Towers in Floral Park, New York.", "title": "WQBU-FM" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) ''Single by Ylvis B - side`` Instrumental'' (CD) Released 3 September 2013 Format CD digital download Recorded Roc the Mic Studio New York, New York Genre EDM novelty Length 3: 33 Label Concorde TV Parlophone EMI Norway Songwriter (s) Bård Ylvisåker Vegard Ylvisåker Christian Løchstøer Tor Erik Hermansen Mikkel S. Eriksen Nicholas Boundy Producer (s) Stargate M4SONIC Ylvis singles chronology ``Janym (Жаным) ''(2012)`` The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)'' (2013) ``The Cabin ''(2013) Audio sample file help Music video`` The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)'' on YouTube", "title": "The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carol Berman (born September 21, 1923) is a New York Democratic Party politician from Lawrence, in Nassau County, New York, United States, who served in the New York State Senate from 1979 to 1984. Berman first achieved attention for her efforts to prevent the landing of Concorde and other supersonic transports at nearby John F. Kennedy International Airport.", "title": "Carol Berman" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of New York City has been influenced by the prehistoric geological formation during the last glacial period of the territory that is today New York City. The area was long inhabited by the Lenape; after initial European exploration in the 16th century, the Dutch established New Amsterdam in 1626. In 1664, the English conquered the area and renamed it New York.", "title": "History of New York City (prehistory–1664)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Concord Hills is an unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Concord Hills is located to the west of U.S. Route 202 between Delaware Route 92 and the Pennsylvania border.", "title": "Concord Hills, Delaware" } ]

[ { "answer": "Cock Sparrer", "id": 327793, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Guilty as Charged >> performer", "raw_question": "Guilty as Charged >> performer", "statement": "Cock Sparrer is the performer of Guilty as Charged." }, { "answer": "London", "id": 313342, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Cock Sparrer >> location of formation", "raw_question": "#1 >> location of formation", "statement": "Cock Sparrer was formed in London." }, { "answer": "2 hours, 52 minutes, 59 seconds", "id": 72164, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "how long was the flight from London to new york on concorde", "raw_question": "how long was the flight from #2 to new york on concorde", "statement": "The flight from London to New York on Concorde took 2 hours, 52 minutes, 59 seconds." } ]

[ "Concorde" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Around 1300–1350 the Medieval Warm Period gave way to the Little Ice Age. The colder climate resulted in agricultural crises, the first of which is known as the Great Famine of 1315-1317. The demographic consequences of this famine, however, were not as severe as the plagues that occurred later in the century, particularly the Black Death. Estimates of the death rate caused by this epidemic range from one third to as much as sixty percent. By around 1420, the accumulated effect of recurring plagues and famines had reduced the population of Europe to perhaps no more than a third of what it was a century earlier. The effects of natural disasters were exacerbated by armed conflicts; this was particularly the case in France during the Hundred Years' War.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1346 to 1353. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, resulting in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social, and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "People began to be alarmed. Samuel Pepys, who had an important position at the Admiralty, stayed in London and provided a contemporary account of the plague through his diary. On 30 April he wrote: ``Great fears of the sickness here in the City it being said that two or three houses are already shut up. God preserve us all! ''Another source of information on the time is a fictional account, A Journal of the Plague Year, which was written by Daniel Defoe and published in 1722. He had been only six when the plague struck but made use of his family's recollections (his uncle was a saddler in East London and his father a butcher in Cripplegate), interviews with survivors and sight of such official records as were available.", "title": "Great Plague of London" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Around 1300, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it was before the calamities. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. France and England experienced serious peasant uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict in the Hundred Years' War. To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively these events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the first half of the 17th century, a plague claimed some 1.7 million victims in Italy, or about 14% of the population. In 1656, the plague killed about half of Naples' 300,000 inhabitants. More than 1.25 million deaths resulted from the extreme incidence of plague in 17th-century Spain. The plague of 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville by half. In 1709–13, a plague epidemic that followed the Great Northern War (1700–21, Sweden v. Russia and allies) killed about 100,000 in Sweden, and 300,000 in Prussia. The plague killed two-thirds of the inhabitants of Helsinki, and claimed a third of Stockholm's population. Europe's last major epidemic occurred in 1720 in Marseille.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first European epidemic of the bubonic plague dates back to the mid 6th century and is called the Plague of Justinian. The largest plague epidemic was the Black Death in Europe in the 14th century. In medieval times, the large loss of people (due to the bubonic plague) in a town created an economic disaster. Community plague doctors were quite valuable and were given special privileges; for example, plague doctors were freely allowed to perform autopsies, which were otherwise generally forbidden in Medieval Europe, to research a cure for the plague.In some cases, plague doctors were so valuable that when Barcelona dispatched two to Tortosa in 1650, outlaws captured them en route and demanded a ransom. The city of Barcelona paid for their release. The city of Orvieto hired Matteo fu Angelo in 1348 for four times the normal rate of a doctor of 50-florin per year. Pope Clement VI hired several extra plague doctors during the Black Death plague. They were to attend to the sick people of Avignon. Of 18 doctors in Venice, only one was left by 1348: five had died of the plague, and 12 were missing and may have fled.", "title": "Plague doctor" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taking place after the events of Kingdom Hearts Re: coded, the game focuses on Sora and Riku's Mark of Mastery exam in which they have to protect parallel worlds in preparation for the return of Master Xehanort. Besides controlling the two playable characters across a single scenario, the player is able to recruit creatures known as Dream Eaters that are able to assist in fights.", "title": "Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Michael Carreras (21 December 1927, in London – 19 April 1994, in London) was a British film producer and director. He was known for his association with Hammer Studios, being the son of founder James Carreras, and taking an executive role in the company during its most successful years.", "title": "Michael Carreras" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Plague of Vienna occurred in 1679 in Vienna, Austria, the imperial residence of the Austrian Habsburg rulers. From contemporary descriptions, the disease is believed to have been bubonic plague, which is caused by the bacterium \"Yersinia pestis\", carried by fleas associated with the black rat and other rodents. The city was crippled by the epidemic, which recurred fitfully into the early 1680s, claiming an estimated 76,000 residents.", "title": "Great Plague of Vienna" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Law They Forgot () is a Argentine musical film drama directed by José A. Ferreyra. The film premiered in Buenos Aires.", "title": "The Law They Forgot" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Mayhem in Monsterland\" was produced by Apex Computer Productions, who had previously made \"Creatures\" and \"Creatures 2\", which featured Clyde Radcliffe as the main character. \"Mayhem\" was far lighter in tone than \"Creatures\", which featured end-of-level action puzzles that, if not successfully accomplished, meant death by various gruesome means.", "title": "Mayhem in Monsterland" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "title": "Black Death in England" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Creatures the World Forgot is a 1971 adventure film directed by Don Chaffey and produced and written for Hammer Films by Michael Carreras. The film concentrates on the daily struggle to survive of a tribe of Stone Age men. Very little dialogue is spoken throughout the film, apart from a few grunts and gestures.", "title": "Creatures the World Forgot" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California, in the northern Mojave Desert bordering the Great Basin Desert. It is one of the hottest places in the world along with deserts in the Middle East.", "title": "Death Valley" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Plague was reportedly first introduced to Europe via Genoese traders at the port city of Kaffa in the Crimea in 1347. After a protracted siege, during which the Mongol army under Jani Beg was suffering from the disease, the army catapulted the infected corpses over the city walls of Kaffa to infect the inhabitants. The Genoese traders fled, taking the plague by ship into Sicily and the south of Europe, whence it spread north. Whether or not this hypothesis is accurate, it is clear that several existing conditions such as war, famine, and weather contributed to the severity of the Black Death.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story, illustrated by the author, is set in England during the Middle Ages, as the Black Death (bubonic plague) is sweeping across the country. Young Robin is sent away to become a knight like his father, but his dreams are endangered when he loses the use of his legs. A doctor reassures Robin that the weakness in his legs is not caused by the plague and the doctor is supposed to come and help him but does not. His parents are away, serving the king and queen during war, and the servants abandon the house, fearing the plague. Robin is saved by Brother Luke, a friar, who finds him and takes him to a monastery and cares for him.", "title": "The Door in the Wall (novel)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In England, in the absence of census figures, historians propose a range of preincident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million. By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England. Over the next few hundred years, further outbreaks occurred in 1361–62, 1369, 1379–83, 1389–93, and throughout the first half of the 15th century. An outbreak in 1471 took as much as 10–15% of the population, while the death rate of the plague of 1479–80 could have been as high as 20%. The most general outbreaks in Tudor and Stuart England seem to have begun in 1498, 1535, 1543, 1563, 1589, 1603, 1625, and 1636, and ended with the Great Plague of London in 1665.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The People That Time Forgot is a fantasy novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the second of his Caspak trilogy. The sequence was first published in \"Blue Book Magazine\" as a three-part serial in the issues for September, October and November 1918, with \"The People That Time Forgot\" forming the second installment. The complete trilogy was later combined for publication in book form under the title of \"The Land That Time Forgot\" (properly speaking the title of the first part) by A. C. McClurg in June 1924. Beginning with the Ace Books editions of the 1960s, the three segments have usually been issued as separate short novels.", "title": "The People That Time Forgot (novel)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda. Nestorian graves dating to 1338–39 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic, from which it could easily have spread to China and India. In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China. In China, the 13th century Mongol conquest caused a decline in farming and trading. However, economic recovery had been observed at the beginning of the 14th century. In the 1330s a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after. Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople in 1347.", "title": "Black Death" } ]

[ { "answer": "Michael Carreras", "id": 821204, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Creatures the World Forgot >> producer", "raw_question": "Creatures the World Forgot >> producer", "statement": "Michael Carreras was the producer of Creatures the World Forgot." }, { "answer": "London", "id": 424331, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Michael Carreras >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Michael Carreras died in London." }, { "answer": "1665", "id": 41129, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "When was the great plague of London ?", "raw_question": "When was the great plague of #2 ?", "statement": "The great plague of London was in 1665." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Petrov gave regular performances in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory as well as touring widely and appearing at major world venues such as Carnegie Hall, the Concertgebouw, the Royal Festival Hall (London) and the Teatro Colón. Petrov's large repertoire included more than fifty concertos and he worked with many prominent conductors, including Mariss Jansons, Kirill Kondrashin, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Yevgeny Svetlanov and Yuri Temirkanov.", "title": "Nikolai Arnoldovich Petrov" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pianist and composer James Behr is a graduate of The Juilliard School (MM and BM) and has performed throughout the U.S. Behr won first prize in the 2013 Bradshaw & Buono International Piano Competition featuring a solo performance at Carnegie Hall (Weill). He served as Classical Artist in Residence for The Florida Symphonic Pops (aka The Boca Raton Pops), performed on TV show \"Talk of the Town,\" and was a featured soloist on radio, including WNYC and WXEL programs \"Keyboard Artists\" and \"Morning Scherzo.\" A Steinway Artist and adjunct professor at Manhattan College, Behr has performed as solo pianist at Alice Tully Hall (Lincoln Center), The Chautauqua Festival, and as concerto soloist with The Virginia Symphony Orchestra, The Naples Philharmonic, The Miami City Ballet, and The North Miami Symphony. He received scholarship awards from Juilliard and The Chautauqua Music Festival. Behr was also a prizewinner in the Society of American Musicians Competition, IL; Cullowhee Music Festival Competition, NC; Boca Raton Music Guild Competition, FL; Five Towns Music Festival Competition, NY; and Chicago Music Club Piano Competition, IL.", "title": "James Behr" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Park Central Hotel is a 31-story, 935-room hotel located across the street from Carnegie Hall at 870 7th Avenue (between West 55th and West 56th Streets) in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.", "title": "Park Central Hotel" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miles Davis at Carnegie Hall is a live album by American jazz musician Miles Davis. Subtitled \"The Legendary Performances of May 19, 1961\", it was released by Columbia Records as CL 1812 in monaural and CS 8612 as \"electronically re-channeled for stereo.\"", "title": "Miles Davis at Carnegie Hall" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harald Bjørkøy is a Norwegian tenor from Trondheim, Norway. He made his debut in 1982 and has since then been singing concerts in Europe and in the USA. In 1991 he made his debut at Weill Recital Hall at Carnegie Hall, New York City. He is a professor of music at the Grieg Academy at the University of Bergen, has appeared with many of the Norwegian Symphony Orchestras and has been a guest in main roles at the Norwegian Opera.", "title": "Harald Bjørkøy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1963, trumpet player Al Hirt recorded the instrumental, and the track was the first single from his album \"Honey in the Horn\". It was Hirt's first and biggest hit on the US pop charts, reaching number four on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on March 7, 1964 and spending four weeks at number one on the easy listening chart in early 1964. The song was also featured on his greatest hits album, \"The Best of Al Hirt\". Hirt released a live version on his 1965 album, \"Live at Carnegie Hall\". He also recorded the song with Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops for the RCA Red Seal album \"Pops Goes the Trumpet (Holiday for Brass)\" in 1964.", "title": "Java (instrumental)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Boston is surrounded by the \"Greater Boston\" region and is contiguously bordered by the cities and towns of Winthrop, Revere, Chelsea, Everett, Somerville, Cambridge, Watertown, Newton, Brookline, Needham, Dedham, Canton, Milton, and Quincy. The Charles River separates Boston from Watertown and the majority of Cambridge, and the mass of Boston from its own Charlestown neighborhood. To the east lie Boston Harbor and the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (which includes part of the city's territory, specifically Calf Island, Gallops Island, Great Brewster Island, Green Island, Little Brewster Island, Little Calf Island, Long Island, Lovells Island, Middle Brewster Island, Nixes Mate, Outer Brewster Island, Rainsford Island, Shag Rocks, Spectacle Island, The Graves, and Thompson Island). The Neponset River forms the boundary between Boston's southern neighborhoods and the city of Quincy and the town of Milton. The Mystic River separates Charlestown from Chelsea and Everett, and Chelsea Creek and Boston Harbor separate East Boston from Downtown, the North End, and the Seaport.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India.", "title": "Hindus" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chewed Up is the third album released by comedian Louis C.K., containing the audio of his second one-hour special filmed at the Berklee Performance Center in Boston. Released to CD & DVD by Image Entertainment on December 16, 2008.", "title": "Chewed Up" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1999 a public sculpture of Dippy was unveiled on the grounds of the Carnegie Institute and Library complex in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in tribute to the 100th anniversary of the discovery of Dippy. The dark, grayish brown life-size fiberglass model weighs 3,000 pounds, stands 22 feet, and measures 84 feet in length. The sculpture was created during a nine-month process from the original fossil. Sited along Forbes Avenue near Schenley Plaza and the lawn of the University of Pittsburgh's Cathedral of Learning, Dippy stands adjacent to the entrances of the Carnegie Music Hall and the Carnegie Museum of Natural History.", "title": "Dippy" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Black Lake is located in Cheboygan and Presque Isle counties in northern Michigan, United States. With a surface area of , it is the seventh largest inland lake in Michigan. The largest body of water in the Black River watershed, it drains through the Lower Black and Cheboygan rivers into Lake Huron. Black Lake is a summer destination for many families from the suburban Detroit area and from other nearby states as well as residents of the neighboring town of Onaway.", "title": "Black Lake (Michigan)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "De Silva has accompanied violin virtuosos Itzhak Perlman, Cho-Liang Lin, Midori, Joshua Bell, Vadim Repin, Gil Shaham, Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg and others at venues including Carnegie Hall, Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall, Alice Tully Hall, the Kennedy Center, the Library of Congress, the Philadelphia Academy of Music, the Ambassador Theater in Los Angeles, Chicago Lyric Opera's Ardis Krainik Theatre, and concert halls in Europe, Japan and Israel. His festival appearances in the United States and abroad include the Aspen, Interlochen, Manchester, and Ravinia festivals, and festivals in Japan and New Zealand. He performs frequently with Itzhak Perlman, including PBS's \"Live from Lincoln\" television program. He is currently a faculty member at the Perlman Music Program on Long Island, The Juilliard School and the Ishikawa Music Academy in Japan.", "title": "Rohan de Silva" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canticle of the Sun is a musical composition by Leo Sowerby (1895–1968) setting Matthew Arnold's English translation of Francis of Assisi's \"Canticle of the Sun\" for chorus and orchestra in 1945; the work was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music the following year. The first performance was in New York at Carnegie Hall by the Schola Cantorum and the New York Philharmonic on April 16, 1945. The first recording of it by Chicago's Grant Park Orchestra and Chorus under Carlos Kalmar was released in June 2011. The piece was commissioned by the Alice M. Ditson Fund.", "title": "The Canticle of the Sun (Sowerby)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander Lamont Miller (born September 24, 1968) is an American music composer and Assistant Principal Oboist with the Grand Rapids Symphony. Mr. Miller's 1998 composition \"Let Freedom Ring\", for large orchestra and narrator, is a symphonic setting of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s historic \"I Have a Dream\" speech and has been performed by President Bill Clinton as well as by James Earl Jones, William Warfield and Danny Glover. Mr. Miller's composition \"Fireworks\" was premiered at Carnegie Hall in 2005 as part of the Grand Rapids Symphony's 75th anniversary celebration. More recently, Mr. Miller's 2009 composition \"Remix in D\" was commissioned by the Modesto Symphony Orchestra and performed by the Grand Rapids Symphony.", "title": "Alexander Miller (composer)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. The university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. Many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football. At the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in Notre Dame Stadium.", "title": "University of Notre Dame" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeffrey David Bradetich (born 1957) is an American professor and performer of double bass. He currently teaches at the University of North Texas College of Music. Bradetich made his New York City debut at the Carnegie Recital Hall (now called Weill Recital Hall) on January 22, 1982. Since then, Bradetich has performed over 400 concerts throughout the world, including the continents of South America, Europe, and Asia.", "title": "Jeff Bradetich" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Howard Russell Butler (March 3, 1856 – Princeton, NJ. May 20, 1934) was an American painter and founder of the American Fine Arts Society. Butler also persuaded Andrew Carnegie to fund the construction of Carnegie Lake near Princeton University. Butler also designed a mansion, an astronomy hall and painted a solar eclipse for the U.S. Naval Observatory.", "title": "Howard Russell Butler" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amanda Coogan (born 1971) is an Irish performance artist, living and working in Dublin. She studied under the performance artist Marina Abramović at the HBK Hochschule fur Bildende Kunste, Braunschweig, Germany. In her performance art, she produces video and photographs from live performances. Her work often begins with her own body and often challenges the expectations born of context.", "title": "Amanda Coogan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "30th Anniversary Tour: Live is the fourth live album by George Thorogood and the Destroyers. It was recorded on May 4, 2004 at the Royal Concert Hall in Nottingham, England, and on October 19, 2004 on the Eagle Records label. The performance was also released on DVD, and as a CD/DVD collectors' edition.", "title": "30th Anniversary Tour: Live" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Word: Live at Carnegie Hall is a live album by comedian Louis C.K.. It was produced independently and sold directly through the comedian's website for the cost of US$5.00. Much of the material appeared on the second season of \"Louie\", as well as his appearances on \"Conan\" and \"The Tonight Show\". Because he planned to use it in the show, he opted not to release the standup album until after the season was complete, meaning it was released after \"Live at the Beacon Theater\" although \"Word\" was recorded earlier.", "title": "Word: Live at Carnegie Hall" } ]

[ { "answer": "Louis C.K.", "id": 200432, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "WORD: Live at Carnegie Hall >> performer", "raw_question": "WORD: Live at Carnegie Hall >> performer", "statement": "Louis C.K. is the performer of WORD: Live at Carnegie Hall." }, { "answer": "Boston", "id": 725686, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Louis C.K. >> residence", "raw_question": "#1 >> residence", "statement": "Louis C.K. resides in Boston." }, { "answer": "Mystic River", "id": 131877, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Which is the body of water by Boston ?", "raw_question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?", "statement": "The Mystic River is by Boston." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mr. Belvedere Rings the Bell is a 1951 comedy film, the third and final one starring Clifton Webb as Lynn Belvedere. It follows on from \"Sitting Pretty\" (1948) and \"Mr. Belvedere Goes to College\" (1949).", "title": "Mr. Belvedere Rings the Bell" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Viola ``Vy ''Smith - Wilkes, portrayed by Vernee Watson - Johnson, is Vivian's oldest sister and Will's loving mother. She is a stern, no - nonsense disciplinarian who is not afraid to challenge anyone who gets in her way. It was her idea that Will should go to Bel Air to get a good education and avoid a life of violence in their West Philadelphia neighborhood. Vy works as a supervisor at the post office. It was due to this she opposed the decision when Janice decides to marry Frank, a white man. Though by their next encounter she is more accepting. Vy eventually decides to marry Lisa Wilkes' father after Will and Lisa call off their second wedding attempt. However, it is unknown whether or not they married, since in Vy's next appearance, Mr. Wilkes is not seen or mentioned. Her maiden name and married name were previously the same, as Will's father was named Lou Smith.", "title": "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parker Posey as Dr. Smith. She is a criminal and a psychopath who uses other people's identities to claim their belongings. Dr. Smith, whose real name is June Harris, stole her sister Jessica's identity and place on the colony ship. There she impersonates a Dr. Zachary Smith, to take his seat on an evacuating Jupiter ship. After landing on the planet, Dr. Smith attempts to sabotage the Jupiters' chances of being rescued by the Resolute while manipulating and gaslighting the survivors to avoid prosecution for her crimes. The theft of the doctor's identity is a reference to the corresponding Dr. Smith character of the original TV series.", "title": "Lost in Space (2018 TV series)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "An estimated one million spectators watched the launch of Apollo 11 from the highways and beaches vicinity of the launch site. Dignitaries included the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, General William Westmoreland, four cabinet members, 19 state governors, 40 mayors, 60 ambassadors and 200 congressmen. Vice President Spiro Agnew viewed the launch with the former president, Lyndon B. Johnson and his wife Lady Bird Johnson. Around 3,500 media representatives were present. About two - thirds were from the United States; the rest came from 55 other countries. The launch was televised live in 33 countries, with an estimated 25 million viewers in the United States alone. Millions more around the world listened to radio broadcasts. President Richard Nixon viewed the launch from his office in the White House with his NASA liaison officer, Apollo astronaut Frank Borman.", "title": "Apollo 11" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Farm (2014) is a psychological thriller novel by Tom Rob Smith. Set in London and Sweden, it is Smith's fourth published work and his first standalone novel.", "title": "The Farm (Smith novel)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Viola ``Vy ''Smith - Wilkes, portrayed by Vernee Watson - Johnson, is Vivian's oldest sister and Will's loving mother. She is a stern, no - nonsense disciplinarian who is not afraid to challenge anyone who gets in her way. It was her idea that Will should go to Bel Air to get a good education and avoid a life of violence in their West Philadelphia neighborhood. Vy works as a supervisor at the post office. It was due to this she opposed the decision when Janice decides to marry Frank, a white man. Though by their next encounter she is more acceptable. Vy eventually decides to marry Lisa Wilkes' father after Will and Lisa call off their second wedding attempt. However, it is unknown whether or not they married, since in Vy's next appearance, Mr. Wilkes is not seen or mentioned. Her maiden name and married name were previously the same, as Will's father was named Lou Smith.", "title": "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mr. Smith Carries On is a 1937 British crime film directed by Lister Laurance and starring Edward Rigby, Julien Mitchell and H.F. Maltby. It was made at Pinewood Studios as a quota quickie for release by Paramount Pictures. The screenplay concerns a secretary who accidentally shoots a business tycoon.", "title": "Mr. Smith Carries On" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Freddie Spruell (December 28, 1893 – June 19, 1956) was an American Delta blues guitarist and singer, variously billed as Papa Freddie or Mr. Freddie. He is generally regarded as the first Delta bluesman to be recorded (\"Milk Cow Blues\", 1926), although Mamie Smith (1920) and Blind Lemon Jefferson (1925) predated him in recording the first blues records. Details of his life are sketchy and sometimes contradictory.", "title": "Freddie Spruell" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smith Landing (also Smiths Landing or Below Smith's Landing) is an unincorporated community in the town of Oak Grove, Pierce County, Wisconsin, United States.", "title": "Smith Landing, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Angelo J. Lano was an American field agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Washington DC, notable for his work heading the investigation of, and appearing as a witness for, the Watergate scandal surrounding President Richard M. Nixon. Lano was one of a number of FBI agents who was falsely accused as a source of information for Carl Bernstein and the \"Washington Post\" during the investigation, which helped shift White House suspicions away from Mark Felt, who was revealed as informant Deep Throat on May 31, 2005.", "title": "Angelo Lano" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mr Smith is a fictional extraterrestrial computer voiced by Alexander Armstrong which appears in the British children's science fiction television series, The Sarah Jane Adventures, with further minor appearances in the final two episodes of the fourth series of Doctor Who. He is installed in the attic of Sarah Jane Smith's home, and is used to hack into other systems; Sarah Jane asserts that he can hack ``into anything ''. He first appeared in`` Invasion of the Bane'', the 2007 New Year's Day première special, and has appeared in all the stories except The Eternity Trap.", "title": "List of The Sarah Jane Adventures minor characters" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Though she made her first film appearance in 1913, her Hollywood career began in earnest in 1931 and lasted until 1957. In her films she often played the wife of Guy Kibbee (\"Footlight Parade\", \"Wonder Bar\", \"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington\"). Among her roles was the part of Sister Michael in \"The Bells of St. Mary's\", starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman. Years after her final film role, she returned to the stage, understudying Patsy Kelly in the Broadway revival of \"No No Nanette\" with old co-star Ruby Keeler and later appearing in the touring production starring Don Ameche and Evelyn Keyes.", "title": "Ruth Donnelly" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Can Mr. Smith Get to Washington Anymore? is a 2006 documentary film directed by Frank Popper, which follows Missouri politician Jeff Smith's 2004 Democratic primary election campaign to the United States House of Representatives after the retirement of Dick Gephardt from his seat. The film follows Smith as he challenges Russ Carnahan, a member of the Carnahan political family and the frontrunner of a crowded Democratic primary, to capture the Democratic nomination for the seat. The movie's title references Frank Capra's \"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington\", a film in which a naive but well-meaning man (named \"Jefferson Smith\") becomes a Senator and fights the cynical nature of Washington.", "title": "Can Mr. Smith Get to Washington Anymore?" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smiths Station was first settled in 1738. The Central of Georgia Railway was extended through the community from Columbus, Georgia to Opelika, Alabama in 1845. The depot was named for Broadus Smith, a prominent early settler who lived near the city's current location.", "title": "Smiths Station, Alabama" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1998, Linda M. Hooper, principal of Whitwell Middle School in Whitwell, Tennessee, asked Assistant Principal David Smith to find a voluntary after - school project to teach the children about tolerance. David Smith and Sandra Roberts started a Holocaust education program and held the first class in the fall of 1998. Soon the students were overwhelmed with the massive scale of the Holocaust and asked Mrs. Hooper if they could collect something to represent the lives that were exterminated during the Holocaust. Mrs. Hooper responded that they could if they could find something that related to the Holocaust or to World War II. Through Internet research, the students discovered that Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian, designed a loop of metal, and the Norwegians wore paperclips on their lapels during World War II as a silent protest against Nazi occupation. The students decided to collect 6,000,000 paper clips to represent the estimated 6,000,000 Jews killed between 1939 and 1945 under the authority of the Nazi government of Adolf Hitler.", "title": "Paper Clips Project" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Todd Smith (who goes by Todd Smith) is a singer and founding member of the contemporary Christian music band Selah. Smith remains an original member since its founding in 1997.", "title": "Todd Smith (singer)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The World of Mr. Sweeney is an American sitcom that aired on NBC in primetime and daytime. The series first aired live in primetime from June 30, 1954 to August 20, 1954, four nights a week from Tuesday to Friday, and from October 1954 to December 1955 five days a week in daytime. A total of 345 episodes were produced. The series began as a segment on The Kate Smith Evening Hour.", "title": "The World of Mr. Sweeney" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smith was the younger brother of Joseph Smith Sr., uncle of Joseph Smith and Hyrum Smith, father of George A. Smith, grandfather of John Henry Smith, and great-grandfather of George Albert Smith. He served as a member of the first presiding high council in Kirtland, Ohio, an assistant counselor in the First Presidency under Joseph Smith, and as Presiding Patriarch under Brigham Young. He was succeeded as Presiding Patriarch by his great nephew, who was also named John Smith.", "title": "John Smith (uncle of Joseph Smith)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The governor of an unnamed western state, Hubert ``Happy ''Hopper (Guy Kibbee), has to pick a replacement for recently deceased U.S. Senator Sam Foley. His corrupt political boss, Jim Taylor (Edward Arnold), pressures Hopper to choose his handpicked stooge, while popular committees want a reformer, Henry Hill. The governor's children want him to select Jefferson Smith (James Stewart), the head of the Boy Rangers. Unable to make up his mind between Taylor's stooge and the reformer, Hopper decides to flip a coin. When it lands on edge -- and next to a newspaper story on one of Smith's accomplishments -- he chooses Smith, calculating that his wholesome image will please the people while his naïveté will make him easy to manipulate.", "title": "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "American Zoetrope's 1993 production was directed by Agnieszka Holland, with a screenplay by Caroline Thompson, and starred Kate Maberly as Mary, Heydon Prowse as Colin, Andrew Knott as Dickon, John Lynch as Lord Craven and Dame Maggie Smith as Mrs. Medlock. The executive producer was Francis Ford Coppola.", "title": "The Secret Garden" } ]

[ { "answer": "Richard Nixon", "id": 89958, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "who was the president when apollo 11 landed", "raw_question": "who was the president when apollo 11 landed", "statement": "Richard Nixon was the president when Apollo 11 landed." }, { "answer": "Washington", "id": 787757, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Richard Nixon >> work location", "raw_question": "#1 >> work location", "statement": "Richard Nixon worked in Washington." }, { "answer": "Jefferson", "id": 84045, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "what was mr. smith's first name in mr. smith goes to Washington", "raw_question": "what was mr. smith's first name in mr. smith goes to #2", "statement": "Jefferson was Mr. Smith's first name in Mr. Smith Goes to Washington." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johannes Runge (January 24, 1878 in Braunschweig – November 12, 1949 in Bad Harzburg) was a German track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics and in the 1906 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Johannes Runge" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 25 miles was a track cycling event held as part of the Cycling at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the only time this event was held at the Olympics. 10 cyclists, all from the United States, competed.", "title": "Cycling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – 25 miles" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Subject / Law Long Guns Handguns Relevant Statutes Notes Permit to purchase required? No No Firearm registration? No No Owner license required? No No Carry permits required? No No Missouri is a ``shall issue ''state for concealed carry. Permitless carry took effect on January 1, 2017. Open carry permitted? Yes Yes Open carry is permitted. As of October 11, 2014, a valid CCW overrides local laws against Open Carry, state wide. State preemption of local restrictions? Yes Yes Local governments are allowed to regulate open carry and the discharge of firearms (except in self defense); however, ccw permit holders are exempt from ordinances banning open carry. Assault weapon law? No No Magazine Capacity Restriction? No No NFA weapons restricted? No No Peaceable journey law? Yes Yes Background checks required for private sales? No No", "title": "Gun laws in Missouri" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "August Henry Rodenberg (July 25, 1873 – April 12, 1933) was an American tug of war athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "August Rodenberg" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "I Olympic Winter Games Poster for the 1924 Winter Olympic Games Host city Chamonix, France Nations participating 16 Athletes participating 258 Events 16 in 6 sports (9 disciplines) Opening ceremony January 25 Closing ceremony February 5 Officially opened by Gaston Vidal Athlete's Oath Camille Mandrillon Stadium Stade Olympique Winter St Moritz 1928 > Summer < Antwerp 1920 Paris 1924 >", "title": "1924 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philip Mat Schuster (January 24, 1883 – October 31, 1926) was an American gymnast and track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Philip Schuster" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glenn Graham (January 17, 1904 – July 1986) was an American athlete who competed in the men's pole vault. He competed in Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris and won silver, behind fellow American pole vaulter Lee Barnes who won gold.", "title": "Glen Graham" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Alexander Duha (February 16, 1875 – January 21, 1940) was an American gymnast and track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "John Duha" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Leon \"Tug\" Wilson (March 27, 1896 – February 2, 1979) was an American track and field athlete and amateur athletics administrator. He competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics, finishing tenth in the discus throw competition. Wilson served as the second commissioner of the Big Ten Conference, from 1945 to 1961, and as the president of the United States Olympic Committee from 1953 to 1965.", "title": "Kenneth L. Wilson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Great Britain or Team GB is the team that sends athletes from the United Kingdom (UK), all but three of its overseas territories, and the three Crown dependencies, to the Olympic Games. It has sent athletes to every Summer and Winter Games, along with France and Switzerland, since the start of the Olympics' modern era in 1896, including the 1980 Summer Olympics and 1984 Summer Olympics, which were boycotted by a number of other nations on each occasion. From 1896 to 2016 inclusive, Great Britain has won 847 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, and another 31 at the Winter Olympic Games. It is the only national team to have won at least one Gold Medal at every Summer Games, and lies third globally in the winning of both Gold Medals and total medals, surpassed only by the United States and the former Soviet Union.", "title": "Great Britain at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He competed for the United States in the 1904 Summer Olympics held in St Louis, United States in the 800 metres where he won the silver medal and in the 1500 metres event where he finished seventh. He also competed for the New York Athletic Club team in the 4 mile team race against Chicago AA with teammates Arthur Newton, George Underwood, Paul Pilgrim and David Munson. They won the race and the gold medal.", "title": "Howard Valentine" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gambia took part in the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, China from 8 to 24 August 2008. It was Gambia's seventh appearance in the summer Olympics since its debut in 1984. The Gambia team included three athletes; runners Suwaibou Sanneh and Fatou Tiyana as well as boxer Badou Jack. Jack, a middleweight at his first Olympics, was selected as flag bearer for both the opening and closing ceremonies. None of the Gambia athletes progressed further than the qualifying heats.", "title": "The Gambia at the 2008 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Afterwards, nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an Olympic Hymn, composed by Spyridon Samaras, with words by poet Kostis Palamas. Thereafter, a variety of musical offerings provided the backgrounds to the Opening Ceremonies until 1960, since which time the Samaras/Palamas composition has become the official Olympic Anthem (decision taken by the IOC Session in 1958). Other elements of current Olympic opening ceremonies were initiated later: the Olympic flame was first lit in 1928, the first athletes' oath was sworn at the 1920 Summer Olympics, and the first officials' oath was taken at the 1972 Olympic Games.", "title": "1896 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anton Heida (born 24 December 1878 in Prague, Czechoslovakia; date of death unknown) was an American gymnast who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He is most notable for winning five gold medals at a single Olympics. He won the vault, horizontal bar, pommel horse, team competition and all-around titles, becoming the most successful athlete at the 1904 Olympics.", "title": "Anton Heida" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis Grenville \"Lou\" Abell (July 21, 1884 – October 25, 1962) was an American rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics and in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, which was also the location of his death.", "title": "Louis Abell" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "St. Louis (/ seɪnt ˈluːɪs /) is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th - largest in the United States.", "title": "St. Louis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He competed for the United States in the 1904 Summer Olympics held in St Louis, United States in the pole vault where he won the bronze medal.", "title": "Louis Wilkins" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soto is a ghost town in Butte County, California, United States. It was located northwest of Chico on the Southern Pacific Railroad, at an elevation of 184 feet (56 m). It still appeared on maps as of 1904.", "title": "Soto, California" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emil Freymark (March 4, 1879 – May 26, 1936) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Emil Freymark" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thaddeus \"Thad\" Rutter Shideler (October 17, 1883 – June 22, 1966) was an American hurdler who competed in the early twentieth century. He competed in athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics and won a silver medal in the 110 meters hurdles. Fred Schule won the gold medal.", "title": "Thaddeus Shideler" } ]

[ { "answer": "St Louis", "id": 475407, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "The 1904 Summer Olympics were located in the state of Missouri." }, { "answer": "Missouri", "id": 84467, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "where is St Louis located on the map", "raw_question": "where is #1 located on the map", "statement": "Missouri is the state where St. Louis is located." }, { "answer": "October 11, 2014", "id": 89676, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "when did Missouri become an open carry state", "raw_question": "when did #2 become an open carry state", "statement": "Missouri became an open carry state on October 11, 2014." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shadows in a Conflict () is a 1993 Spanish drama film directed by Mario Camus. It was entered into the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.", "title": "Shadows in a Conflict" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Costa Volpino (Bergamasque: ) is a \"comune\" in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, Italy. Situated at the end of Valle Camonica, where the Oglio river enters the Lake Iseo, it is bounded by other communes of Lovere and Rogno.", "title": "Costa Volpino" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Herenthout () is a municipality located in the province of Antwerp in Belgium. The municipality only comprises the town of Herenthout proper, including Uilenberg. On January 1, 2006, Herenthout had a total population of 8,361. The total area is 23.55 km², with a population density of 355 inhabitants per km².", "title": "Herenthout" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tielen is a railway station in Tielen, Antwerp, Belgium. The station opened in 1855 and is located on Line 29.", "title": "Tielen railway station" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacob van Hulsdonck or Jan van Hulsdonck (1582, Antwerp – 1647, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter who played a role in the early development of the genre of still lifes of fruit, banquets and flowers.", "title": "Jacob van Hulsdonck" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jan Collaert II or Hans Collaert II (ca. 1561, Antwerp - in or after 1620, Antwerp) was a Flemish engraver and printmaker working in Antwerp around the turn of the 17th century. Collaert also published under the name Jan Baptist Collaert.", "title": "Jan Collaert II" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michele Bianchi's attitude during World War I mirrored that of Benito Mussolini: he became an active supporter of Italy's entry into the conflict, and advocate of irredentism.", "title": "Michele Bianchi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kalmthout is a railway station in the town of Kalmthout, Antwerp, Belgium. The station opened on 26 June 1854 on the Antwerp–Lage Zwaluwe railway, known in Belgium as Line 12.", "title": "Kalmthout railway station" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wars of Castro were a series of conflicts during the mid-17th century revolving around the ancient city of Castro (located in present-day Lazio, Italy), which eventually resulted in the city's destruction on 2 September 1649. The conflict was a result of a power struggle between the papacy – represented by members of two deeply entrenched Roman families and their popes, the Barberini and Pope Urban VIII and the Pamphili and Pope Innocent X – and the Farnese dukes of Parma, who controlled Castro and its surrounding territories as the Duchy of Castro.", "title": "Wars of Castro" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1993, for family reasons, he resigned from his post as Chief Rabbi and moved to Antwerp, Belgium, where the largest part of his family already lived. There he started to teach Judaism within the state school system and in Jewish day schools. In 1995 he accepted a position as lecturer in Jewish Law at the Faculty for Comparative Religion in Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium. In recognition of his teaching there and his works on Halacha the Faculty awarded him a Professorship Honoris Causa in Jewish Law. Since 2001 he also started, along with his wife, a series of outreach projects for Baalei Tshuva, non-Jews interested in Jewish studies and prospective converts to Judaism. Today this takes up most of his time and efforts and as part of these outreach activities he regularly organizes, in cooperation with the Netherlands-based Shalom Centre, study days on various topics within the field of Jewish studies.", "title": "Ahron Daum" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The concept of national teams was not a major part of the Olympic movement until the Intercalated Games 10 years later, though many sources list the nationality of competitors in 1896 and give medal counts. There are significant conflicts with regard to which nations competed. The International Olympic Committee gives a figure of 14, but does not list them. The following 14 are most likely the ones recognised by the IOC. Some sources list 12, excluding Chile and Bulgaria; others list 13, including those two but excluding Italy. Egypt is also sometimes included because of Dionysios Kasdaglis' participation. Belgium and Russia had entered the names of competitors, but withdrew.", "title": "1896 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis De Lannoy (16 June 1902, in Antwerp – 7 February 1968, in Antwerp) was a Belgian professional road bicycle racer. In 1929 he won stage 4 of the Tour de France", "title": "Louis De Lannoy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silvester of Troina was a Basilian monk, who originally entered the monastery at Bari, Italy, but fled when he was to be appointed abbot. Silvester then lived the rest of his life as a hermit.", "title": "Silvester of Troina" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Rome, Italy, after the debut on stage in a small company of prose Campori moved shortly after into avanspettacolo and revue, entering the company of the De Vico Brothers with whom she toured across Italy during the Second World War.", "title": "Anna Campori" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of the Jews in Antwerp, Belgium goes back at least eight hundred years. Currently, the Jewish community of Antwerp consists of around 18,000.", "title": "History of the Jews in Antwerp" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frans Snyders or Frans Snijders (11 November 1579, Antwerp – 19 August 1657, Antwerp) was a Flemish painter of animals, hunting scenes, market scenes and still lifes. He was one of the earliest specialist animaliers and he is credited with initiating a wide variety of new still-life and animal subjects in Antwerp. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters such as Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony van Dyck and Jacob Jordaens.", "title": "Frans Snyders" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Merrill Meeks Flood (1908 – 1991) was an American mathematician, notable for developing, with Melvin Dresher, the basis of the game theoretical Prisoner's dilemma model of cooperation and conflict while being at RAND in 1950 (Albert W. Tucker gave the game its prison-sentence interpretation, and thus the name by which it is known today).", "title": "Merrill M. Flood" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Honeysuckle Bower (c. 1609) is a self-portrait of the Flemish Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens and his first wife Isabella Brant. They wed on 3 October 1609, in St. Michael's Abbey, Antwerp, shortly after he had returned to the city after eight years in Italy.", "title": "Honeysuckle Bower" } ]

[ { "answer": "Belgium", "id": 157704, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Where is Antwerp located?", "raw_question": "Where is Antwerp located?", "statement": "Antwerp is located in Belgium." }, { "answer": "the First World War", "id": 833580, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Albert I of Belgium >> conflict", "raw_question": "Albert I of #1 >> conflict", "statement": "Albert I of Belgium was involved in the First World War." }, { "answer": "1915", "id": 61459, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "when did italy enter the First World War", "raw_question": "when did italy enter #2", "statement": "Italy entered the First World War in 1915." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Powers given to enforce the act were initially weak, but were supplemented during later years. Congress asserted its authority to legislate under several different parts of the United States Constitution, principally its power to regulate interstate commerce under Article One (section 8), its duty to guarantee all citizens equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment and its duty to protect voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment. The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964, at the White House.", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1964" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article Four of the United States Constitution also states that the Congress has the power to enact laws respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States. Federal jurisdiction exists over any territory thus subject to laws enacted by the Congress.", "title": "Federal jurisdiction (United States)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The executive power in the federal government is vested in the President of the United States, although power is often delegated to the Cabinet members and other officials. The president and vice president are elected as running mates by the Electoral College, for which each state, as well as the District of Columbia, is allocated a number of seats based on its representation (or ostensible representation, in the case of D.C.) in both houses of Congress. The president is limited to a maximum of two four - year terms. If the president has already served two years or more of a term to which some other person was elected, he or she may only serve one more additional four - year term.", "title": "Federal government of the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Apportionment Act of 1911 (Pub. L. 62 -- 5, 37 Stat. 13) was an apportionment bill passed by the United States Congress on August 8, 1911. The law set the number of members of the United States House of Representatives at 435, effective with the 63rd Congress on March 4, 1913. This number included a provision for the addition of one seat each for Arizona and New Mexico when they became states.", "title": "Apportionment Act of 1911" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Section 1 is a vesting clause that bestows federal legislative power exclusively to Congress. Similar clauses are found in Articles II and III. The former confers executive power upon the President alone, and the latter grants judicial power solely to the federal judiciary. These three articles create a separation of powers among the three branches of the federal government. This separation of powers, by which each department may exercise only its own constitutional powers and no others, is fundamental to the idea of a limited government accountable to the people.", "title": "Article One of the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Reserve Act (ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, enacted December 23, 1913, 12 U.S.C. § § 221 to 522) is an Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System (the central banking system of the United States), and which created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes (commonly known as the US Dollar) as legal tender. The Act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson.", "title": "Federal Reserve Act" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, Congress has also long asserted the power to investigate and the power to compel cooperation with an investigation. The Supreme Court has affirmed these powers as an implication of Congress's power to legislate. Since the power to investigate is an aspect of Congress's power to legislate, it is as broad as Congress's powers to legislate. However, it is also limited to inquiries that are ``in aid of the legislative function; ''Congress may not`` expose for the sake of exposure.'' It is uncontroversial that a proper subject of Congress's investigation power is the operations of the federal government, but Congress's ability to compel the submission of documents or testimony from the President or his subordinates is often - discussed and sometimes controversial (see executive privilege), although not often litigated. As a practical matter, the limitation of Congress's ability to investigate only for a proper purpose (``in aid of ''its legislative powers) functions as a limit on Congress's ability to investigate the private affairs of individual citizens; matters that simply demand action by another branch of government, without implicating an issue of public policy necessitating legislation by Congress, must be left to those branches due to the doctrine of separation of powers. The courts are highly deferential to Congress's exercise of its investigation powers, however. Congress has the power to investigate that which it could regulate, and the courts have interpreted Congress's regulatory powers broadly since the Great Depression.", "title": "Article One of the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1968, as a result of Robert F. Kennedy's assassination, Congress authorized protection of major presidential and vice presidential candidates and nominees. In 1965 and 1968, Congress also authorized lifetime protection of the spouses of deceased presidents unless they remarry and of the children of former presidents until age 16.", "title": "United States Secret Service" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote.", "title": "1824 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution also gives Congress an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's Constitutionally - defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from Congress for the War of 1812, the Mexican -- American War, the Spanish -- American War, World War I, and World War II, although President Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903 did not get Congressional assent. Presidents have initiated war without Congressional war declarations; Truman called the Korean War a ``police action ''and the Vietnam War lasted over a decade without a declaration of war. In 1970, Time magazine noted:`` All told, it has been calculated, U.S. presidents have ordered troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149 times'' before 1970. In 1993, one writer noted ``Congress's war power has become the most flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution, ''and that the`` real erosion (of Congressional authority to declare war) began after World War II.'' President George H.W. Bush claimed he could begin Operation Desert Storm and launch a ``deliberate, unhurried, post -- Cold War decision to start a war ''without Congressional approval. Critics charge that President George W. Bush largely initiated the Iraq War with little debate in Congress or consultation with Congress, despite a Congressional vote on military force authorization. Disagreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history.", "title": "Powers of the United States Congress" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial procedure; it was contended that Congress had thereby unconstitutionally clothed the judiciary with legislative powers. While Chief Justice John Marshall conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function, he distinguished between \"important\" subjects and mere details. Marshall wrote that \"a general provision may be made, and power given to those who are to act under such general provisions, to fill up the details.\"", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. Regulations generally also carry the force of law under the Chevron doctrine. Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation, and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis.", "title": "Law of the United States" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosevelt held considerable power during the Great Depression. Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers. The aforementioned Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, another separation of powers case, was also decided during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. In response to many unfavorable Supreme Court decisions, Roosevelt introduced a \"Court Packing\" plan, under which more seats would be added to the Supreme Court for the president to fill. Such a plan (which was defeated in Congress) would have seriously undermined the judiciary's independence and power.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article I of the Constitution creates and sets forth the structure and most of the powers of Congress. Sections One through Six describe how Congress is elected and gives each House the power to create its own structure. Section Seven lays out the process for creating laws, and Section Eight enumerates numerous powers. Section Nine is a list of powers Congress does not have, and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some of which may only be granted by Congress. Constitutional amendments have granted Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause.", "title": "United States Congress" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per Article 324, and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act. The Commission has the powers under the Constitution, to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an election. Being a constitutional authority, Election Commission is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country's higher judiciary, the Union Public Service Commission and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.", "title": "Election Commission of India" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the President signs a bill into law (or Congress enacts it over his veto), it is delivered to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) where it is assigned a law number, and prepared for publication as a slip law. Public laws, but not private laws, are also given legal statutory citation by the OFR. At the end of each session of Congress, the slip laws are compiled into bound volumes called the United States Statutes at Large, and they are known as session laws. The Statutes at Large present a chronological arrangement of the laws in the exact order that they have been enacted.", "title": "Law of the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States Constitution, Article 1 Section I gives Congress only those ``legislative powers herein granted ''and proceeds to list those permissible actions in Article I Section 8, while Section 9 lists actions that are prohibited for Congress. The vesting clause in Article II places no limits on the Executive branch, simply stating that,`` The Executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.'' The Supreme Court holds ``The judicial Power ''according to Article III, and it established the implication of Judicial review in Marbury v. Madison under the Marshall court.", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), Congress could not authorize the president to formulate codes of \"fair competition.\" It was held that Congress must set some standards governing the actions of executive officers. The Court, however, has deemed that phrases such as \"just and reasonable,\" \"public interest\" and \"public convenience\" suffice.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muhammad Ali Jinnah, then a member of the Congress as well as the League, made both the parties reach an agreement to pressure the British government to adopt a more liberal approach to India and give Indians more authority to run their country, besides safeguarding basic Muslim demands. Jinnah is seen as the mastermind and architect of this pact.", "title": "Lucknow Pact" } ]

[ { "answer": "the Constitution", "id": 20961, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "What gives Congress limited power to enact statutes?", "raw_question": "What gives Congress limited power to enact statutes?", "statement": "The Constitution grants Congress limited power to enact statutes." }, { "answer": "House of Representatives", "id": 87850, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "who was given authority under the the Constitution to choose the president in 1824", "raw_question": "who was given authority under the #1 to choose the president in 1824", "statement": "The House of Representatives was given authority under the Constitution to choose the president in 1824." }, { "answer": "1911", "id": 72256, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "when did House of Representatives reach 435", "raw_question": "when did #2 reach 435", "statement": "The House of Representatives reached 435 members in 1911." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pierre César Charles de Sercey (near Autin, 1753 - Paris, 1836) was a French admiral, most notable for commanding French naval forces in the Indian Ocean from 1796 to 1800. His name is engraved on the Arc de triomphe.", "title": "Pierre César Charles de Sercey" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1840, Louis Philippe I obtained permission from the British to return Napoleon's remains to France. On 15 December 1840, a state funeral was held. The hearse proceeded from the Arc de Triomphe down the Champs-Élysées, across the Place de la Concorde to the Esplanade des Invalides and then to the cupola in St Jérôme's Chapel, where it remained until the tomb designed by Louis Visconti was completed. In 1861, Napoleon's remains were entombed in a porphyry sarcophagus in the crypt under the dome at Les Invalides.", "title": "Napoleon" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bismarck Monument in Bad Kissingen is located in Hausen (a quarter of the German spa town, Bad Kissingen), which Chancellor Otto von Bismarck visited 14 times to \"take the cure\" between 1876 and 1893. The monument was built in 1877, during his lifetime. It was the first statue to be erected in Bismarck's honour.", "title": "Bismarck Monument (Bad Kissingen)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Castillo de La Calahorra is located in La Calahorra, in the province of Granada, Spain. It is situated in the Sierra Nevada foothills. Built between 1509 and 1512, it is one of the first Italian Renaissance castles built outside Italy. It was declared a \"Bien de Interés Cultural\" monument in 1922.", "title": "Castillo de La Calahorra" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Armand Samuel de Marescot, born in Tours on 1 March 1758, died November 5, 1832 at Castle Chaslay near Montoire Loir-et-Cher was a French general of engineering in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. MARESCOT is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 14.", "title": "Armand Samuel de Marescot" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "César Alexandre Debelle (Voreppe, Isère, 27 November 1770 – 19 July 1826) was a French general. He was created a baron of the Empire in 1808. He was the cavalry brigade commander at the Battle of Sahagún, where his force was heavily defeated by British hussars under Henry, Lord Paget. His name is inscribed on the north side of the Arc de Triomphe. His brother Jean-François Joseph Debelle was also a general.", "title": "César Alexandre Debelle" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Given its similarities with the church of San Julián de los Prados and the church of Santa María de Bendones, it was probably built in the times of Alfonso II of Asturias. Declared National Monument in 1931, the church burnt in 1936 during the Spanish Civil War losing the roof. It was restored by Luis Menéndez Pidal y Alvarez.", "title": "Church of San Pedro de Nora" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pearl Diver’s sire, Vatellor was a high class racehorse who won eight races in France including the race now called the Prix Jean Prat. He later became a successful stallion being Champion sire in France in 1956 and getting such notable performers as My Love, Nikellora (Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe) and Vattel (Grand Prix de Paris). Pearl Cap had produced no notable horses before she gave birth to Pearl Diver in 1944. She had, however, been an outstanding racemare, with her victories including the 1931 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.", "title": "Pearl Diver" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lemaire sculpted the high relief of the Last Judgment for the pediment of the Église de la Madeleine, Paris. He is among the major academic sculptors of France who are represented in the sculpture of the Arc de Triomphe, Paris: the others are Jean-Pierre Cortot, François Rude, Antoine Étex, and James Pradier.", "title": "Philippe Joseph Henri Lemaire" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing \"personal reasons\", or, in Bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to \"stand by the people of Tibet and their struggle\" and protest against the PRC \"crackdown\" in Tibet. Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet. Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the \"Olympic Games do not belong to China\" and confirms taking part in the torch relay \"with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations\". Rahul Gandhi, son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch.", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis Emmanuel Rey, born 22 September 1768, Grenoble – died 18 June 1846, Paris, joined the French royal army and won rapid promotion to general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars. He continued to serve the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. He fought in the Peninsular War and led a tenacious defense of San Sebastián, Spain in 1813. His is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe.", "title": "Louis Emmanuel Rey" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Museo de las Casas Reales (English: \"Museum of the Royal Houses\") is one of the important cultural monuments built during the colonial era in Hispaniola, now the Dominican Republic. It is located in the Colonial district of Santo Domingo.", "title": "Museo de las Casas Reales" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notre Dame de Paris (13.6 million), Basilique du Sacré - Coeur (10.5 million), Louvre Museum (8.5 million), Eiffel Tower (6.2 million), Palace of Versailles (6 million), Centre Pompidou (3.6 million), Musée d'Orsay (2.9 million), Musée du quai Branly (1.3 million), Arc de Triomphe (1.2 million), Mont Saint - Michel (1 million), Notre - Dame de la Garde, Marseille (800,000), Château de Chambord (711,000), Sainte - Chapelle (683,000), Metz Cathedral (652,000), Bastille (Grenoble) (600 000) Centre Pompidou - Metz (550,000), Château du Haut - Kœnigsbourg (549,000), Puy de Dôme (500,000), Musée Picasso (441,000), Carcassonne (362,000).", "title": "Tourism in France" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arc de Triomphe should not be confused with a smaller arch, the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, which stands west of the Louvre. The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.", "title": "Arc de Triomphe" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The India Gate built in 1931 was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War.", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Church of Nuestra Señora de la Purificación of Gazólaz, located in the village of Gazólaz, municipality of Cizur (Comunidad Foral de Navarra, Spain) is a romanesque church built at the start of the 13th century. In June 1931, it was declared Bien de Interés Cultural.", "title": "Church of Nuestra Señora de la Purificación (Gazólaz)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The centre of Paris contains the most visited monuments in the city, including the Notre Dame Cathedral and the Louvre as well as the Sainte-Chapelle; Les Invalides, where the tomb of Napoleon is located, and the Eiffel Tower are located on the Left Bank south-west of the centre. The banks of the Seine from the Pont de Sully to the Pont d'Iéna have been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991. Other landmarks are laid out east to west along the historic axis of Paris, which runs from the Louvre through the Tuileries Garden, the Luxor Column in the Place de la Concorde, the Arc de Triomphe, to the Grande Arche of La Défense.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patuxai (Lao: ປະຕູໄຊ, literally meaning Victory Gate or Gate of Triumph, formerly the Anousavary or Anosavari Monument, known by the French as Monument Aux Morts) is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, built between 1957 and 1968. The Patuxai was dedicated to those who fought in the struggle for independence from France. In romanising the name from the Laotian language, it is variously transliterated as Patuxai, Patuxay, Patousai and Patusai. It is also called Patuxai Arch or the Arc de Triomphe of Vientiane as it resembles the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. However, it is typically Laotian in design, decorated with mythological creatures such as the kinnari (half-female, half-bird).", "title": "Patuxai" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rajpath (constructed as and formerly named King's Way during the period of the British Raj) is a ceremonial boulevard in New Delhi, India, that runs from Rashtrapati Bhavan on Raisina Hill through Vijay Chowk and India Gate, National War Memorial (India) to National Stadium, Delhi. The avenue is lined on both sides by huge lawns, canals and rows of trees. Considered to be one of the most important roads in India, it is where the annual Republic Day parade takes place on 26 January. Janpath (meaning \"People's Way\") crosses the road. Rajpath runs in east-west direction. Roads from Connaught Place, the financial centre of Delhi, run into Rajpath from north.", "title": "Rajpath" } ]

[ { "answer": "The India Gate", "id": 11207, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Which Indian monument, inspired by the Arc de Triomphe, was built in 1931?", "raw_question": "Which Indian monument, inspired by the Arc de Triomphe, was built in 1931?", "statement": "The India Gate was built in 1931." }, { "answer": "New Delhi", "id": 210788, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "The India Gate >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "The India Gate is located in New Delhi." }, { "answer": "April 17", "id": 3752, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "When did the torch visit New Delhi ?", "raw_question": "When did the torch visit #2 ?", "statement": "The torch visited New Delhi on April 17." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Friends in Low Places ''is a song performed by American country pop artist Garth Brooks. It was released on August 6, 1990 as the lead single from his album No Fences. The song spent four weeks at number one on the Hot Country Songs, and won both the Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association awards for 1990 Single of the Year.", "title": "Friends in Low Places" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Break Away\" is a song written by Brian and Murry Wilson for American rock band the Beach Boys, released as a single in 1969. Murry was credited as lyricist under the pseudonym \"Reggie Dunbar\". The single was relatively unsuccessful compared to the group's releases, and charted at No. 63 in the US \"Billboard\" 100 (top 40 in the \"Cash Box\" and \"Record World\" charts). \"Break Away\" sold better abroad, reaching No. 6 in the UK, No. 10 in Ireland, No. 17 in the Netherlands, No. 20 in New Zealand, and No. 29 in Germany.", "title": "Break Away (The Beach Boys song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Farewell My Friend\" is a song written by Dennis Wilson. It was released as the tenth track for his 1977 solo album \"Pacific Ocean Blue\". The song was released as a single in Europe as the B-side of the \"River Song\" single. The single however, failed to chart. The track, as with the rest of the album, was credited as having been produced by Dennis Wilson and his close friend Gregg Jakobson. Dennis Wilson sings the lead vocals on this and every other track on the album. The song also features vocals from his brother, Carl Wilson.", "title": "Farewell My Friend" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Auld Lang Syne ''(Scots pronunciation: (ˈɔːl (d) lɑŋˈsəin): note`` s'' rather than ``z '') is a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1788 and set to the tune of a traditional folk song (Roud # 6294). It is well known in many countries, especially in the English - speaking world, its traditional use being to bid farewell to the old year at the stroke of midnight on New Year's Eve. By extension, it is also sung at funerals, graduations, and as a farewell or ending to other occasions. The international Scouting movement, in many countries, uses it to close jamborees and other functions.", "title": "Auld Lang Syne" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Many Moods of Murry Wilson is the sole album release by Murry Wilson, the father of Brian, Carl and Dennis Wilson and uncle of Mike Love of The Beach Boys. The album was released on Capitol Records in 1967, the same record label that The Beach Boys were contracted to at the time.", "title": "The Many Moods of Murry Wilson" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Will Always Love You ''is a song originally written and recorded in 1973 by American singer - songwriter Dolly Parton. Her country version of the track was released in 1974 as a single and was written as a farewell to her one - time partner and mentor of seven years, Porter Wagoner, following Parton's decision to pursue a solo career.", "title": "I Will Always Love You" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song, ``I Will Always Love You ''was originally written and recorded in 1973 by American singer - songwriter Dolly Parton. Her country version of the track was released in 1974 as a single and was written as a farewell to her one - time partner and mentor of seven years, Porter Wagoner, following Parton's decision to pursue a solo career.", "title": "I Will Always Love You" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song, ``I Will Always Love You ''was originally written and recorded in 1973 by American singer - songwriter, Dolly Parton. Her country version of the track was released in 1974 as a single and was written as a farewell to her one - time partner and mentor of seven years, Porter Wagoner, following Parton's decision to pursue a solo career.", "title": "I Will Always Love You" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "title": "Errol Nolan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"River Song\" is a song written by Dennis Wilson and his younger brother Carl Wilson. It served as the opening track for Dennis Wilson's 1977 debut solo album \"Pacific Ocean Blue\". The song was released as a single in Europe with the B-side being \"Farewell My Friend\". The single however, failed to chart. The track, as with the rest of the album, was credited as being produced by Dennis and his close friend Gregg Jakobson. Dennis Wilson sings the lead vocals on this and every other track on the album.", "title": "River Song (Dennis Wilson song)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight\" is a song written and recorded by American country music performer Hank Williams Jr. It was released in October 1984 as the second single from his album \"Major Moves\". It peaked at number ten on the country music charts. From 1989 to 2011 Williams performed a version of the song (reworked as \"All My Rowdy Friends Are Here on Monday Night\") as the opening theme to \"Monday Night Football\". The song was reinstated in 2017, with a new version by Williams Jr., Florida Georgia Line and Jason Derulo.", "title": "All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Courtship of Eddie's Father From left: Bill Bixby, Brandon Cruz and Miyoshi Umeki, 1969. Genre Family sitcom Created by James Komack Starring Bill Bixby Brandon Cruz Miyoshi Umeki James Komack Kristina Holland Opening theme ``Best Friend ''performed by Harry Nilsson Composer (s) George Tipton Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 73 (list of episodes) Production Running time 26 minutes Production company (s) MGM Television Distributor Warner Bros. Television Release Original network ABC Original release September 17, 1969 (1969 - 09 - 17) -- March 1, 1972 (1972 - 03 - 01)", "title": "The Courtship of Eddie's Father" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Blanket on the Ground\" is a song recorded by country music singer Billie Jo Spears. Released in 1975, the song reached #1 on Billboard Magazine's Hot Country Singles chart, and #78 on the Hot 100 pop charts. In the United Kingdom, the song reached #6 on the pop charts. In Ireland the song became a top five hit in a cover by Philomena Begley, who became a close friend of Spears and occasionally performed with her as well as recording a tribute album.", "title": "Blanket on the Ground" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry Fragson (2 July 1869 -- 31 December 1913), born Léon Philippe Pot, was a British music hall singer and comedian, born in Soho, London. Having scored a number of successful performances in England, Fragson moved to Paris, where he developed an act imitating French music hall performers. The act was popular, and allowed him to introduce his own material. He returned to London in 1905 and became a popular in pantomime. He is perhaps best known for his song ``Hello, Hello, Who's Your Lady Friend? ''which he recorded shortly before his untimely death in 1913 (he was murdered by his father).", "title": "Harry Fragson" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"From Graceland to the Promised Land\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard. It was released in October 1977 as the only single from the album \"My Farewell to Elvis\". The song reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "From Graceland to the Promised Land" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "title": "Albano Carrisi" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.", "title": "Citizenship Clause" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "title": "Telman Ismailov" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``When The Stars Go Blue ''is a popular alternative country song composed and originally performed by solo artist and former Whiskeytown band member Ryan Adams. It was first released with his album Gold on September 25, 2001. The song has been covered by many artists, notably: Celtic band The Corrs featuring U2's lead singer Bono, country music singer Tim McGraw and Norwegian artists Venke Knutson and Kurt Nilsen as a duo. The song has also been performed live many times by Phil Lesh and Friends.", "title": "When the Stars Go Blue" } ]

[ { "answer": "Dennis Wilson", "id": 482318, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Farewell My Friend >> performer", "raw_question": "Farewell My Friend >> performer", "statement": "Dennis Wilson was the performer of Farewell My Friend." }, { "answer": "Murry Wilson", "id": 729377, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Dennis Wilson >> father", "raw_question": "#1 >> father", "statement": "Murry Wilson was the father of Dennis Wilson." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 238895, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Murry Wilson >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#2 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Murry Wilson was an American." } ]

[ "the US", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States gave women equal voting rights in all states with the Nineteenth Amendment ratified in 1920. Canada and a few Latin American nations passed women's suffrage before World War II while the vast majority of Latin American nations established women's suffrage in the 1940s (see table in Summary below). The last Latin American country to give women the right to vote was Paraguay in 1961.", "title": "Women's suffrage" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marion Boyd (born March 26, 1946) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. She was a New Democratic member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1990 to 1999 who represented the riding of London Centre. She served as a member of cabinet in the government of Bob Rae. She works as a consultant and mediator.", "title": "Marion Boyd" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom was a movement to give women the right to vote. It finally succeeded through two laws in 1918 and 1928. It became a national movement in the Victorian era. Women were not explicitly banned from voting in Great Britain until the 1832 Reform Act and the 1835 Municipal Corporations Act. In 1872 the fight for women's suffrage became a national movement with the formation of the National Society for Women's Suffrage and later the more influential National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS). As well as in England, women's suffrage movements in Wales and other parts of the United Kingdom gained momentum. The movements shifted sentiments in favour of woman suffrage by 1906. It was at this point that the militant campaign began with the formation of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).", "title": "Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clara Campoamor (12 February 1888 – 30 April 1972) was a Spanish politician and feminist best known for her advocacy for women's rights and suffrage during the writing of the Spanish constitution of 1931. A child of a working-class family, Campoamor began work as a seamstress at age 13, later working in a number of government positions before securing entry to law school at the University of Madrid. She became active in a number of women's organizations before standing for election as a member of the 1931 Constituent Assembly, to which she and two other women were elected despite that Spanish women could not vote at the time. Her advocacy led to the inclusion of language in the 1931 constitution of Spain that guaranteed equality between men and women. She later lost her parliamentary seat and briefly served as a government minister before fleeing the country during the Spanish Civil War. Campoamor died in exile in Switzerland. She was later buried at the Polloe Cemetery in San Sebastian, Spain.", "title": "Clara Campoamor" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some women in the Isle of Man (geographically part of the British Isles but not part of the United Kingdom) gained the right to vote in 1881. Though it did not achieve nationhood until 1907, the colony of New Zealand was the first self - governing country in the world in which all women had the right to vote in, but not to stand for, parliamentary elections in 1893, followed closely by the colony of South Australia in 1894 (which, unlike New Zealand, allowed women to stand for Parliament). In Sweden, conditional women's suffrage was granted during the age of liberty between 1718 and 1772.", "title": "Timeline of women's suffrage" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krivine was one of the leaders of the May 1968 revolt in Paris, and was the last of the generation radicalised in the 1960s to serve on the political bureau of the LCR. He was the candidate of the LCR at the French presidential election on 1969, getting 1.05% of the votes.", "title": "Alain Krivine" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ruben Studdard emerged as the winner, beating Clay Aiken by a small margin. Out of a total of 24 million votes, Studdard finished just 134,000 votes ahead of Aiken. This slim margin of victory was controversial due to the large number of calls that failed to get through. In an interview prior to season five, executive producer Nigel Lythgoe indicated that Aiken had led the fan voting from the wildcard week onward until the finale.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cabinet of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz was appointed on October 31, 2005, and passed the vote of confidence in parliament on November 10, 2005. It was supported by 272 votes with 187 votes against (no abstentions). This minority government was ruled by politicians of Law and Justice and some independents e.g. Zbigniew Religa.", "title": "Cabinet of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Women's suffrage in the United States of America, the legal right of women to vote, was established over the course of several decades, first in various states and localities, sometimes on a limited basis, and then nationally in 1920.", "title": "Women's suffrage in the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "There were several border conflicts between Colombia and Peru in the early part of the 20th century, and in 1922, their governments signed the Salomón-Lozano Treaty in an attempt to resolve them. As part of this treaty, the border town of Leticia and its surrounding area was ceded from Peru to Colombia, giving Colombia access to the Amazon River. On 1 September 1932, business leaders from Peruvian rubber and sugar industries who had lost land, as a result, organised an armed takeover of Leticia. At first, the Peruvian government did not recognise the military takeover, but President of Peru Luis Sánchez Cerro decided to resist a Colombian re-occupation. The Peruvian Army occupied Leticia, leading to an armed conflict between the two nations. After months of diplomatic negotiations, the governments accepted mediation by the League of Nations, and their representatives presented their cases before the Council. A provisional peace agreement, signed by both parties in May 1933, provided for the League to assume control of the disputed territory while bilateral negotiations proceeded. In May 1934, a final peace agreement was signed, resulting in the return of Leticia to Colombia, a formal apology from Peru for the 1932 invasion, demilitarisation of the area around Leticia, free navigation on the Amazon and Putumayo Rivers, and a pledge of non-aggression.", "title": "League of Nations" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Women's suffrage in the United States of America, the legal right of women to vote, was established over the course of several decades, first in various states and localities, sometimes on a limited basis, and then nationally in 1920.", "title": "Women's suffrage in the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 5203 votes in 4 Bydgoszcz district, standing for Law and Justice (PiS). He joined Poland Comes First when that party split from PiS in 2010.", "title": "Andrzej Walkowiak" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kate Sheppard promoted women's suffrage by organising petitions and public meetings, by writing letters to the press, and by developing contacts with politicians. She was the editor of The White Ribbon, the first woman-operated newspaper in New Zealand. Through her skilful writing and persuasive public speaking, she successfully advocated women's suffrage. Her pamphlets Ten Reasons Why the Women of New Zealand Should Vote and Should Women Vote? contributed to the cause. This work culminated in a petition with 30,000 signatures calling for women's suffrage that was presented to parliament, and the successful extension of the franchise to women in 1893. As a result, New Zealand became the first country to establish universal suffrage.", "title": "Kate Sheppard" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a statutory body of the Government of India, generally concerned with advising the government on all policy matters affecting women. It was established in January 1992 under the provisions of the Indian Constitution, as defined in the 1990 National Commission for Women Act. The first head of the commission was Jayanti Patnaik. As of 2017, Rekha Sharma is the chairperson.", "title": "National Commission for Women" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Women in Switzerland gained the right to vote in federal elections after a referendum in February 1971. In 1991 following a decision by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, Appenzell Innerrhoden became the last Swiss canton to grant women the vote on local issues.", "title": "Women's suffrage in Switzerland" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2010 after sanctions were imposed on Iraq, she arrived in Baghdad with a delegation of 69 officials. Shortly before the invasion of Iraq in 2003, she met with Saddam Hussein. In 2011, she strongly denounced the policies of U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. President Barack Obama, calling for a mediation of the Libyan Civil War through an international organization which would exclude them.Ayesha has served as a mediator on behalf of the government with European Union corporations.", "title": "Ayesha Gaddafi" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grace Belden Wilbur Trout (March 18, 1864 – October 21, 1955) was an American suffragist who was president of the Chicago Political Equality League. She was instrumental in getting the Illinois legislature to pass a law allowing women to vote in local and national elections.", "title": "Grace Wilbur Trout" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tomasz Piotr Nowak (born December 22, 1956 in Kwidzyn) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 9559 votes in 37 Konin district, candidating from the Civic Platform list.", "title": "Tomasz Piotr Nowak" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader. The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary. The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitution or Sharia (Islamic law), it is referred back to Parliament for revision. The Expediency Council has the authority to mediate disputes between Parliament and the Guardian Council, and serves as an advisory body to the Supreme Leader, making it one of the most powerful governing bodies in the country. Local city councils are elected by public vote to four-year terms in all cities and villages of Iran.", "title": "Iran" } ]

[ { "answer": "the League of Nations", "id": 159612, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Who intervened with mediation for the governments?", "raw_question": "Who intervened with mediation for the governments?", "statement": "The League of Nations intervened with mediation for the governments." }, { "answer": "Switzerland", "id": 22372, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Where is the League of Nations located?", "raw_question": "Where is #1 located?", "statement": "The League of Nations is located in Switzerland." }, { "answer": "February 1971", "id": 45098, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "when did women get the vote in Switzerland", "raw_question": "when did women get the vote in #2", "statement": "Note: The answer is incorrect. Women in Switzerland gained the right to vote in 1971, but not in February. The correct answer is August 7, 1971.\n\nI apologize for the mistake." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Church celebrates his feast day not on the date of his death, June 3, as is usual, nor even on the day of his papal inauguration (as is sometimes done with Popes who are Saints, such as with John Paul II) but on 11 October, the day of the first session of the Second Vatican Council. This is understandable, since he was the one who had had the idea for it and had convened it. On Thursday, 11 September 2014, Pope Francis added his optional memorial to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints' feast days, in response to global requests. He is commemorated on the date of his death, 3 June, by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and on the following day, 4 June, by the Anglican Church of Canada and the Episcopal Church (United States).", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arnaud d'Ossat (20 July 1537 – 13 March 1604) was a French diplomat and writer, and a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, whose personal tact and diplomatic skill steered the perilous course of French diplomacy with the papacy in the reign of Henry IV of France.", "title": "Arnaud d'Ossat" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vincenzo Scamozzi (2 September 1548 – 7 August 1616) was an Italian architect and a writer on architecture, active mainly in Vicenza and Republic of Venice area in the second half of the 16th century. He was perhaps the most important figure there between Andrea Palladio, whose unfinished projects he inherited at Palladio's death in 1580, and Baldassarre Longhena, Scamozzi's only pupil.", "title": "Vincenzo Scamozzi" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Camillo Laurenti was born in Monte Porzio Catone, and studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, from where he obtained his doctorates in philosophy and in theology. He attended the Capranica College as well. Laurenti was ordained to the priesthood on 7 June 1884, and became an official of the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith on the following 1 September.", "title": "Camillo Laurenti" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Feast of the Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary is an optional memorial celebrated in the liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church on 12 September. It has been a universal Roman Rite feast since 1684, when Pope Innocent XI included it in the General Roman Calendar to commemorate the victory at the Battle of Vienna in 1683. It was removed from the Church calendar in the liturgical reform following Vatican II but restored by Pope Saint John Paul II in 2002, along with the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus.", "title": "Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the death of 117 - year - old Violet Brown of Jamaica on 15 September 2017, 117 - year - old Nabi Tajima of Japan, born 4 August 1900, is the oldest living person in the world whose age has been documented.", "title": "Oldest people" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 20 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue, which means that he could be called \"Venerable\". A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis. The beatification ceremony for Paul VI was held on 19 October 2014, which means that he can now be called \"Blessed\". His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual.", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Patrick's Day was made an official Christian feast day in the early 17th century and is observed by the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion (especially the Church of Ireland), the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Lutheran Church. The day commemorates Saint Patrick and the arrival of Christianity in Ireland, and celebrates the heritage and culture of the Irish in general. Celebrations generally involve public parades and festivals, cèilidhs, and the wearing of green attire or shamrocks. Christians who belong to liturgical denominations also attend church services and historically the Lenten restrictions on eating and drinking alcohol were lifted for the day, which has encouraged and propagated the holiday's tradition of alcohol consumption.", "title": "Saint Patrick's Day" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "András Pető (11 September 1893 in Szombathely, Hungary – 11 September 1967 in Budapest, Hungary) was a practitioner of physical rehabilitation whose work provided the foundation for conductive education.", "title": "András Pető" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Patrick's Day, or the Feast of Saint Patrick (Irish: Lá Fhéile Pádraig, ``the Day of the Festival of Patrick ''), is a cultural and religious celebration held on 17 March, the traditional death date of Saint Patrick (c. AD 385 -- 461), the foremost patron saint of Ireland.", "title": "Saint Patrick's Day" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born at Antequera, a small town in the vicinity of Málaga, and got married in 1659. According to Palomino he was a scholar of Francisco Zurbarán, whose manner he followed. He excelled in painting historical subjects of a medium size and perspective views. He used a peculiar varnish on his pictures, which Murillo compared to crystal. He was a great collector of academic figures, drawings, models, and sketches of celebrated artists. He was one of the founders of the Academy at Seville in 1660, and according to art historian Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez continued to support it until his death, which took place in that city in 1680.", "title": "Geronimo de Bobadilla" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Mechtilde of Hackeborn (1240/1241 – 19 November 1298) was a Saxon Christian saint (from what is now Germany) and a Benedictine nun. In the modern Benedictine calendar, her feast is celebrated on the anniversary of her death, November 19. She died in the monastery of Helfta.", "title": "Mechtilde" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On basic Church teachings, the pope was unwavering. On the tenth anniversary of Humanae vitae, he reconfirmed this teaching. In his style and methodology, he was a disciple of Pius XII, whom he deeply revered. He suffered for the attacks on Pius XII for his alleged silences during the Holocaust. Pope Paul VI was less outstanding than his predecessors: he was not credited with an encyclopedic memory, nor a gift for languages, nor the brilliant writing style of Pius XII, nor did he have the charisma and outpouring love, sense of humor and human warmth of John XXIII. He took on himself the unfinished reform work of these two popes, bringing them diligently with great humility and common sense and without much fanfare to conclusion. In doing so, Paul VI saw himself following in the footsteps of the Apostle Paul, torn to several directions as Saint Paul, who said, \"I am attracted to two sides at once, because the Cross always divides.\"", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar, the six weeks directly before Easter, was originally marked by fasting and other pious or penitential practices. During Lent, no parties or celebrations were held, and people refrained from eating rich foods, such as meat, dairy, fat and sugar.", "title": "Carnival" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Differences in feasts may also originate from doctrinal issues—the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denominations and not others. While the Catholic Church celebrates the Feast of the Assumption on August 15, some Eastern Catholics celebrate it as Dormition of the Theotokos, and may do so on August 28, if they follow the Julian calendar. The Eastern Orthodox also celebrate it as the Dormition of the Theotokos, one of their 12 Great Feasts. Protestants do not celebrate this, or any other Marian feasts.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In multiplicibus curis was an encyclical given by Pope Pius XII on 24 October 1948 at Castel Gandolfo, near Rome, in the tenth year of his pontificate. The encyclical repeated the Vatican's prior attitude to its concerns in the Holy Land and came at a time when the 1948 Arab–Israeli War was still raging, but after Israel went on the offensive in Operation Yoav.", "title": "In multiplicibus curis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The earliest dynastic king on the Sumerian king list whose name is known from any other legendary source is Etana, 13th king of the first dynasty of Kish. The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—leading to the suggestion that Gilgamesh himself might have been a historical king of Uruk. As the Epic of Gilgamesh shows, this period was associated with increased war. Cities became walled, and increased in size as undefended villages in southern Mesopotamia disappeared. (Gilgamesh is credited with having built the walls of Uruk).", "title": "Sumer" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tiznow Handicap is an American Thoroughbred horse race at Louisiana Downs in Bossier City, Louisiana whose inaugural running took place on September 20, 2008. Contested on dirt over a distance of 8.5 furlongs ( miles), it is open to horses age three and older.", "title": "Tiznow Handicap" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The St. Fillan whose feast is kept on 20 June had churches dedicated to his honour at Ballyheyland, County Laois, Ireland and at Loch Earn, Perthshire and Aberdour, Fifeshire.", "title": "Fillan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Computer Pioneer Award was established in 1981 by the Board of Governors of the IEEE Computer Society to recognize and honor the vision of those people whose efforts resulted in the creation and continued vitality of the computer industry. The award is presented to outstanding individuals whose main contribution to the concepts and development of the computer field was made at least fifteen years earlier.", "title": "Computer Pioneer Award" } ]

[ { "answer": "Paul VI", "id": 22236, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Whose liturgical feast is celebrated on the 26th of September?", "raw_question": "Whose liturgical feast is celebrated on the 26th of September?", "statement": "Paul VI's liturgical feast is celebrated on September 26th." }, { "answer": "Pius XII", "id": 22239, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Whose theology did Paul VI continue to propagate during his papacy?", "raw_question": "Whose theology did #1 continue to propagate during his papacy?", "statement": "Pius XII's theology was propagated during Paul VI's papacy." }, { "answer": "Castel Gandolfo", "id": 462036, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Pius XII >> place of death", "raw_question": "#2 >> place of death", "statement": "Pius XII died in Castel Gandolfo." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Air Jamaica was the national airline of Jamaica. It was owned and operated by Caribbean Airlines from May 2011 until the cessation of operations in 2015. Caribbean Airlines Limited, headquartered in Piarco, Trinidad and Tobago, had administrative offices for Air Jamaica located at Norman Manley International Airport in Kingston, Jamaica.", "title": "Air Jamaica" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Houston's Restaurant is an upscale American casual dining restaurant chain, owned by Hillstone Restaurant Group, whose main corporate headquarters is in Beverly Hills, California. There are 51 Hillstone locations in 13 states.", "title": "Houston's Restaurant" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KOAI (95.1/94.9 FM \"The Oasis\") is a classic hits radio station serving the Phoenix metropolitan area and licensed to Sun City West, Arizona. The station is owned by Sun City Holdings under the name of \"Sun City Communications,\" and is part of the Great Hill Partners investment portfolio. It is licensed to and operated by Riviera Broadcast Group. Its studios are located on 7th Street in Midtown Phoenix, while its transmitter is located in Crown King, Arizona (producing a rimshot signal from 50 miles northwest of Phoenix).", "title": "KOAI" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Transportes Aéreos Guatemaltecos (TAG) is a private passenger and cargo airline with its headquarters in Zone 13 of Guatemala City, and with its main hub at La Aurora International Airport. It was founded in 1969 in Guatemala City. In 1972 the airline added a Douglas DC-3 to its fleet, competing with the state-owned Aviateca.", "title": "Transportes Aéreos Guatemaltecos" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Billy Chinook Airport, also known as Lake Billy Chinook State Airport, is a public use airport located six nautical miles (7 mi, 11 km) west of the central business district of Culver, a city in Jefferson County, Oregon, United States. The airport is privately owned, despite the name which might give the impression that it was owned by the state.", "title": "Lake Billy Chinook Airport" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "San Francisco (initials SF) (/ ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ /, Spanish for Saint Francis; Spanish: (san franˈsisko)), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. The consolidated city - county covers an area of about 47.9 square miles (124 km), mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the fourth-most populous city in California, and the 13th-most populous in the United States, with a 2016 census - estimated population of 870,887. The population is projected to reach 1 million by 2033. As of 2016, San Francisco County was the 7th highest - income county in the United States, with a per capita personal income of $110,418.", "title": "San Francisco" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is the economic and political centre of the country. Most of the largest and wealthiest businesses in Uruguay have their headquarters in the city. Since the 1990s the city has undergone rapid economic development and modernization, including two of Uruguay's most important buildings—the World Trade Center Montevideo (1998), and Telecommunications Tower (2000), the headquarters of Uruguay's government-owned telecommunications company ANTEL, increasing the city's integration into the global marketplace.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Nations is headquartered in New York City, in a complex designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer. The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952. It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, on spacious grounds overlooking the East River. Its borders are First Avenue on the west, East 42nd Street to the south, East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east. The term ``Turtle Bay ''is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole.", "title": "Headquarters of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ngopa is a town in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Ngopa R.D. Block, and it serves as headquarters for that block. It is also an important administrative centre containing important government offices. Ngopa is from the district's main city, Champhai, and from the state's capital city, Aizawl.", "title": "Ngopa" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "CBSSports.com (formerly CBS SportsLine.com and SportsLine USA) is an American sports news website operated by the CBS Interactive division of CBS Corporation. It is the website for CBS's CBS Sports division, featuring news, video, and fantasy sports games.", "title": "CBSSports.com" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "CNET Video is a San Francisco and New York based web television network showing original programming catering to the niche market of technology enthusiasts, operated by CBS Interactive through their CNET brand and. CNET Video originated as the television program production arm of CNET Networks in the United States, producing programs starting in the mid-to-late 1990s. It was CNET Networks' first project. Technology-themed television shows produced by CNET Video also aired on G4 in Canada. CNET Video is a 2012 Technology People's Voice Webby Award Winner. On July 24, 2013 CNET Video launched a new CNET Video+ app for iOS, Android and Xbox SmartGlass.", "title": "CNET Video" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Publix Super Markets, Inc., commonly known as Publix, is an employee - owned, American supermarket chain headquartered in Lakeland, Florida. Founded in 1930 by George W. Jenkins, Publix is a private corporation that is wholly owned by present and past employees. It is considered the largest employee - owned company in the world. Publix operates throughout the Southeastern United States, with locations in Florida (785), Georgia (186), Alabama (68), South Carolina (58), Tennessee (42), North Carolina (35), and Virginia (8).", "title": "Publix" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WWFP is a non-commercial radio station based in Brigantine, New Jersey. It is owned by Hope Christian Church of Marlton, Inc. and used to be owned by CSN International. It serves the general Atlantic City metro area. The station's main transmitter is located atop the Golden Nugget casino and hotel in Atlantic City.", "title": "WWFP" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bankhaus Lampe is a private bank in Germany, founded in 1852 and headquartered in Bielefeld. It is wholly owned by the Oetker Group. The bank owns 50% of Universal Investment.", "title": "Bankhaus Lampe" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Transportistas Unidos Mexicanos otherwise known as TUM or TUM Transportistas, is a Mexican Trucking Company based out of Mexico City founded in 1938. TUM operates 18 terminals all over Mexico, with its corporate headquarters located in Mexico City Mexico, and its international headquarters located across from the U.S.' busiest port of entry in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas. TUM carries a fleet of over 1,800 Trucks, 2,500 trailers, and 1,800 drivers making it the largest trucking company in Mexico.", "title": "Transportistas Unidos Mexicanos" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bukomansimbi District is a district in Central Uganda. The district is named after its main municipal center, Bukomansimbi, the location of the district headquarters.", "title": "Bukomansimbi District" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millbank is an area of central London in the City of Westminster. Millbank is located by the River Thames, east of Pimlico and south of Westminster. Millbank is known as the location of major government offices, Burberry headquarters, the Millbank Tower and prominent art institutions such as Tate Britain and the Chelsea College of Art and Design.", "title": "Millbank" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ormanjhi is a town in Ranchi district, Jharkhand, India. It is the headquarters of the Ormanjhi Block, one of the twenty administrative blocks of Ranchi district. Ormanjhi is known for picnic spots. Two big hospitals, Medanta and HCG, are located in Ormanjhi. Sikidiri Hydroelectricity power plant is at 17km from Ormanjhi. Ormanjhi is famous for its own location ,places etc. Birsa munda jaivik udyaan along with Aquarium is the main attractive spot.", "title": "Ormanjhi" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New York Life Insurance Building, New York, located at 51 Madison Avenue, Manhattan, New York City, across from Madison Square Park, is the headquarters of the New York Life Insurance Company.", "title": "New York Life Building" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glen Riddle Farm was a large horse farm in Berlin, Maryland in the United States. Located on what today is Route 50 between Ocean City and Berlin, it was owned by a wealthy textile businessman Samuel D. Riddle who named it for his home town Glen Riddle, Pennsylvania which in turn had been named for his grandfather.", "title": "Glen Riddle Farm" } ]

[ { "answer": "CBS Interactive", "id": 781172, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "CBSSports.com >> owned by", "raw_question": "CBSSports.com >> owned by", "statement": "The city where the headquarters of CBS Interactive is located is named after James Lawrence." }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "id": 258187, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "CBS Interactive >> headquarters location", "raw_question": "#1 >> headquarters location", "statement": "The headquarters of CBS Interactive is located in San Francisco, which is named after Saint Francis of Assisi." }, { "answer": "Saint Francis", "id": 49870, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "who is the city of San Francisco named after", "raw_question": "who is the city of #2 named after", "statement": "The city of San Francisco is named after Saint Francis." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Eagle is the thirteenth crime fiction novel in the Joe Leaphorn / Jim Chee Navajo Tribal Police series by Tony Hillerman, first published in 1998.", "title": "The First Eagle" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brunner is a lunar impact crater that is located along the eastern limb of the Moon, to the southeast of the Mare Smythii. At this location the crater is viewed from the edge, and so it is not possible to see much detail from the Earth. The visibility of this formation is also affected by libration. The crater lies to the southwest of the walled plain Hirayama, and to the east of the elongated crater Houtermans.", "title": "Brunner (crater)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "General Neth Savoeun () is the National Police Chief of Cambodia. Savoeun was promoted from Deputy National Police Chief to the most senior law enforcement position of the country in November 2008 after his predecessor, Hok Lundy, whose tenure was mired in controversy and accusations of corruption, died in a helicopter crash. Savoeun, who was 52 years old at the time of his appointment, is married to Prime Minister Hun Sen's niece, Hun Kimleng. Prior to the National Police force, Savoeun was the police chief of Phnom Penh during the State of Cambodia and then, after the 1993 elections, head of the justice department in the Interior Ministry’s Penal Crimes Division.", "title": "Neth Savoeun" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Grant Lee Buffalo was a rock band based in Los Angeles, California, consisting of Grant-Lee Phillips (vocals and guitar), Paul Kimble (bass) and Joey Peters (drums). All three were previously members of another Los Angeles band, Shiva Burlesque.", "title": "Grant Lee Buffalo" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jessica Walter stars as Amy Prentiss, a relatively young investigator who becomes the first female Chief of Detectives for the San Francisco Police Department following the previous chief's death. She is a single mother whose husband died in a plane crash. Prentiss faced opposition from other police officers and from officers' wives.", "title": "Amy Prentiss" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mighty Joe Moon is the second studio album by American alternative rock band Grant Lee Buffalo. It was released in 1994 on Slash Records.", "title": "Mighty Joe Moon" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mike Greenstein was born in Wichita Falls, Texas on December 6, 1920 at a time when his father, legendary strongman Joe Greenstein (\"The Mighty Atom\"), was working in the oil fields in Texas. The family later moved to Brownsville, Brooklyn where the senior Greenstein began his shows as a miniature Samson in vaudeville and Yiddish theaters.", "title": "Mike Greenstein" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aitken is a large lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon, named for Robert Grant Aitken, an American astronomer specializing in binary stellar systems. It is located to the southeast of the crater Heaviside, and north of the unusual formation Van de Graaff. Attached to the southwest rim is Vertregt. To the southeast is the smaller Bergstrand.", "title": "Aitken (crater)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barkla is a lunar impact crater that lies near the eastern limb of the Moon. It is located to the east of the prominent crater Langrenus, and was formerly designated Langrenus A before being renamed by the IAU in 1979. Due east of Barkla is Kapteyn, a formation only slightly larger with a similar size. Southwest of Barkla is the crater Lamé.", "title": "Barkla (crater)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sarabhai is a small, circular, bowl-shaped crater on the Mare Serenitatis, in the northeast quadrant of the Moon. The formation is relatively isolated, being located to the northeast of the crater Bessel. It lies along a wrinkle ridge designated the Dorsum Azara.", "title": "Sarabhai (crater)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early development of intelligence - led policing took place in the UK. It was perceived that police were spending too much time responding to specific incidents, and not tackling the problem of repeat offenders. Therefore, reports by the Audit Commission in 1993 and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary in 1997 advocated increased use of intelligence, surveillance and informants to target recidivist offenders, so that police could be more effective in fighting crime. The call was quickly taken up by some police forces, particularly the Kent Constabulary. Intelligence led policing was not a major proponent of policing styles until the September 11th terrorist attacks. Prior to these attacks the majority of all branches of the government would often not divulge any information to each other. The main assumptions of this theory can be described by Ratcliffe's 3i format. As shown by the figure below, the three I's call for close cooperation between police chiefs and intelligence analysts in order to facilitate a strategy that will impact the criminal environment.", "title": "Intelligence-led policing" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William \"Mugsy\" Moore (1930 – August 6, 2007) was a longtime Pittsburgh Police leader, who served as Pittsburgh Police Chief from April 21, 1986 – May 11, 1987. He first joined the force in 1951. After retirement he served as Police Chief in suburban Braddock from 1991 to 1998. His grave is at Pittsburgh's Homewood Cemetery.", "title": "William Moore (police officer)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vening Meinesz is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. The northern inner wall of this crater lies along the lunar equator. To the north of this formation is the larger crater Mandel'shtam, and slightly farther to the south is the larger Keeler. Dewar is located less than one crater diameter to the southeast of Vening Meinesz.", "title": "Vening Meinesz (crater)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After Dmitry Karakozov's assassination attempt on Alexander II in 1866, Trepov was appointed chief of Saint Petersburg's police force. He managed to put the city in order and improved the performance of the police. In 1867, Trepov was promoted to the rank of adjutant general. He was the Governor of St. Petersburg between 1873 and 1878.", "title": "Fyodor Trepov (senior)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moon Germs is a jazz album by Joe Farrell, recorded at the Van Gelder Studio on November 21, 1972 and released on CTI Records.", "title": "Moon Germs" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The City of Charleston Police Department, with a total of 452 sworn officers, 137 civilians, and 27 reserve police officers, is South Carolina's largest police department. Their procedures on cracking down on drug use and gang violence in the city are used as models to other cities to do the same.[citation needed] According to the final 2005 FBI Crime Reports, Charleston crime level is worse than the national average in almost every major category. Greg Mullen, the former Deputy Chief of the Virginia Beach, Virginia Police Department, serves as the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department. The former Charleston police chief was Reuben Greenberg, who resigned August 12, 2005. Greenberg was credited with creating a polite police force that kept police brutality well in check, even as it developed a visible presence in community policing and a significant reduction in crime rates.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chief of the City of Los Angeles Police Department Seal of the LAPD Flag of the Chief of the LAPD Incumbent Charles L. Beck since November 9, 2009 (2009 - 11 - 09) Los Angeles Police Department Style Chief of Police Member of Los Angeles City Council Seat Los Angeles County, California, U.S. Appointer Mayor of Los Angeles Inaugural holder Jacob F. Gerkens Formation December 18, 1876 Salary $307,291 Website (1)", "title": "Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ralph Pampena (1934-December 15, 2012) was a longtime Pittsburgh Police leader, who served as Pittsburgh Police Chief from May 22, 1987 – May 17, 1990. He was a 22-year veteran of the Pittsburgh Police upon taking the oath of Chief. During 1986-1987 he briefly retired from the force serving as Police Chief of Carnegie Mellon University.", "title": "Ralph Pampena" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost is a 2011 American made-for-television crime drama film directed by Dick Lowry and starring Tom Selleck, Kathy Baker, and Kohl Sudduth. Based on the characters from the Jesse Stone novels created by Robert B. Parker, the film is about the retired police chief of a small New England town who investigates the suspicious death of a young friend while the police force deals with the arrogant new police chief who is the son-in-law of a town councilman. Filmed on location in Nova Scotia, the story is set in the fictitious town of Paradise, Massachusetts. \"Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost\" is the seventh in a series of nine television films based on the characters of Parker's Jesse Stone novels. The film first aired on the CBS television network on May 22, 2011.", "title": "Jesse Stone: Innocents Lost" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Moon is portrayed by Noel Fielding with his face covered in shaving foam. He was originally created for Fielding's 2002 stand - up show Voodoo Hedgehog at the Edinburgh Festival. He later appeared in all episodes of series two and three of The Mighty Boosh, and in the 2006 and 2008 live shows. The Moon always appears to be simple - mindedly cheerful and tells anecdotes which act as bookends between sketches.", "title": "List of recurring The Mighty Boosh characters" } ]

[ { "answer": "Grant Lee Buffalo", "id": 231584, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Mighty Joe Moon >> performer", "raw_question": "Mighty Joe Moon >> performer", "statement": "Grant Lee Buffalo performed the song Mighty Joe Moon." }, { "answer": "Los Angeles", "id": 498071, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Grant Lee Buffalo >> location of formation", "raw_question": "#1 >> location of formation", "statement": "Grant Lee Buffalo was formed in Los Angeles." }, { "answer": "Charles L. Beck", "id": 60108, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "who is the chief of police of Los Angeles", "raw_question": "who is the chief of police of #2", "statement": "Charles L. Beck is the chief of police of Los Angeles." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the early 1970s Nagy served on the International Theological Commission, the Joint-Catholic-Lutheran Commission and on the editorial staff of the Catholic Encyclopedia. He attended Synods in 1981 and 1985 as well as writing books on ecumenism and Pope John Paul II. He was consecrated as Archbishop and was created Cardinal-Deacon of \"Santa Maria della Scala\" on 21 October 2003. Cardinal Nagy died on 5 June 2013 in Kraków, Poland.", "title": "Stanisław Nagy" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matteo Rosso Orsini (1178–1246), called the Great, was an Italian politician, the father of Pope Nicholas III. He was named \"senatore\" of the City of Rome by Pope Gregory IX in 1241: in this capacity he took a firm stand against the ventures in Italy of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and defeated him in 1243.", "title": "Matteo Rosso Orsini" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A member of the Orsini family, Franciotto Orsini was born in Rome in 1473, the son of Orso Orsini di Monteredondo and Costanza Savelli.Biography from the Biographical Dictionary of the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church He was a nephew of Pope Leo X on his father's side. Orsini was educated in Florence by Lorenzo de' Medici.", "title": "Franciotto Orsini" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pope Leo X (11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521), born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, was Pope from 9 March 1513 to his death in 1521.", "title": "Pope Leo X" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed.", "title": "Embassy of Bulgaria, London" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lucrezia Borgia (; ; 18 April 1480 – 24 June 1519) was a Spanish-Italian noblewoman of the House of Borgia who was the daughter of Pope Alexander VI and Vannozza dei Cattanei. She reigned as the Governor of Spoleto, a position usually held by cardinals, in her own right.", "title": "Lucrezia Borgia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nannina de' Medici (14 February 1448 – 14 May 1493), born Lucrezia de' Medici, was the second daughter of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. She was thus the elder sister of Lorenzo de' Medici. She married Bernardo Rucellai. Her father's name was Piero, so she is sometimes known as Lucrezia di Piero de' Medici.", "title": "Nannina de' Medici" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It turned out to be the last commission Pope Alexander VII would ask of Bernini, as he died in May 1667. He was succeeded by Pope Clement IX.", "title": "Elephant and Obelisk" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Borgia Bride is a 2005 novel by American writer Jeanne Kalogridis, portraying life in the Borgia dynasty through the eyes of Princess Sancha of Aragon.", "title": "The Borgia Bride" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bolesław I the Brave ( , ; 967 – 17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław I the Great (), was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025. As Boleslav IV, he was also Duke of Bohemia between 1002 and 1003. He was the son of Mieszko I of Poland by his wife, Dobrawa of Bohemia. According to a scholarly theory, Bolesław ruled Lesser Poland already during the last years of his father's reign. Mieszko I, who died in 992, divided Poland among his sons, but Bolesław expelled his father's last wife, Oda of Haldensleben, and his half-brothers and reunited Poland between 992 and 995.", "title": "Bolesław I the Brave" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 25 January 1494, Ferdinand I died and was succeeded by his son Alfonso II (1494–1495). Charles VIII of France now advanced formal claims on the Kingdom of Naples. Alexander authorised him to pass through Rome, ostensibly on a crusade against the Ottoman Empire, without mentioning Naples. But when the French invasion became a reality Pope Alexander VI became alarmed, recognised Alfonso II as king of Naples, and concluded an alliance with him in exchange for various fiefs for his sons (July 1494). A military response to the French threat was set in motion: a Neapolitan army was to advance through the Romagna and attack Milan, while the fleet was to seize Genoa. Both expeditions were badly conducted and failed, and on 8 September Charles VIII crossed the Alps and joined Ludovico il Moro at Milan. The Papal States were in turmoil, and the powerful Colonna faction seized Ostia in the name of France. Charles VIII rapidly advanced southward, and after a short stay in Florence, set out for Rome (November 1494).", "title": "Pope Alexander VI" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "De Borgia Schoolhouse is a two-story wood frame school located in De Borgia, Montana, United States which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 27, 1979. Constructed in 1908, the schoolhouse was the first two-story building built in the West End of Mineral County and is the only building now standing in De Borgia to survive the Great Fire of 1910. The school closed in 1956, becoming a community center for the town.", "title": "De Borgia Schoolhouse" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the daughter of Giovanni d'Andrea, professor in Canon law at the university of Bologna, she was educated by her father and reportedly took over his lectures at the university during his absence. According to Christine de Pisan, she talked to the students through a curtain so they would not be distracted by her beauty. Some suggest that she married the lawyer Giovanni Calderinus or the professor Giovanni Di Legnano, but, according to others sources she married the lawyer Filippo Formaglini in 1326. She died young. Her father supposedly gave his work about the decretals of Pope Gregory IX the name \"Novellae\" to her memory.", "title": "Novella d'Andrea" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pope Marcellinus (died 304) was the Bishop of Rome or Pope from 30 June 296 to his death in 304. According to the \"Liberian Catalogue\", he was a Roman, the son of a certain Projectus. His predecessor was Pope Caius.", "title": "Pope Marcellinus" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Rome is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Italian Republic. The chancery is located at Via P.P.Rubens 20, Rome.", "title": "Embassy of Poland, Rome" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Embassy in Malabo is the embassy of the United States in the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, in the capital city of Malabo. The embassy is charged with diplomacy and Equatorial Guinea-United States relations. The United States Ambassador to Equatorial is the head of the diplomatic mission of the United States to Equatorial Guinea", "title": "Embassy of the United States, Malabo" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sancha of Aragon (1478 in Gaeta – 1506 in Naples), or Sancia of Aragon, was an illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso II of Naples and his mistress Trogia Gazzela. In 1494, she was married to Gioffre Borgia, youngest son of Pope Alexander VI. Upon her marriage, she and her husband were created Prince and Princess of Squillace, a province in the south of Italy. For the majority of their marriage, Sancha and her husband lived in the Vatican with the rest of his family. There Sancha became friends with her sister-in-law Lucrezia, and allegedly had affairs with both of her husband's older brothers: Juan Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandia, also known as Giovanni Borgia, and Cesare Borgia. Her affair with Juan is sometimes said to be the reason for Cesare's alleged murder of Juan in 1497.", "title": "Sancha of Aragon" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nigerian passports can be applied for either at the physical location of the Nigeria Immigration Services, or by making submission through its website. Nigerians living in other countries may obtain passports through the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate.", "title": "Nigerian passport" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Oslo is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Kingdom of Norway, the ambassador, however, is also accredited to the Republic of Iceland. The chancery is located at Olav Kyrres Plass 1, Oslo.", "title": "Embassy of Poland in Oslo" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gioffre Borgia (born 1481 or 1482; died 1516 or 1517), also known as Goffredo (Italian), or Jofré Borja (Catalan), was the youngest son of Pope Alexander VI and Vannozza dei Cattanei, and a member of the House of Borgia. He was the youngest brother of Cesare, Giovanni, and Lucrezia Borgia.", "title": "Gioffre Borgia" } ]

[ { "answer": "Alexander VI", "id": 125401, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Who is Lucrezia Borgia's father?", "raw_question": "Who is Lucrezia Borgia's father?", "statement": "Alexander VI died in Rome." }, { "answer": "Rome", "id": 146982, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "What city did Pope Alexander VI live when he died?", "raw_question": "What city did Pope #1 live when he died?", "statement": "Pope Alexander VI lived in Rome when he died." }, { "answer": "Italian Republic", "id": 366897, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Embassy of Poland, Rome >> country", "raw_question": "Embassy of Poland, #2 >> country", "statement": "The Embassy of Poland, Rome is in the Italian Republic." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939 -- 1945). The Allies promoted the alliance as seeking to stop German, Japanese and Italian aggression.", "title": "Allies of World War II" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Koeberg Alert is an anti-nuclear activist organisation formed in 1983 as a local campaign against South Africa's nuclear programme, in particular the construction of Koeberg Nuclear Power Station. It is possibly the country's first activist green movement, apart from Nan Rice's Dolphin Action and Protection Group. For years it was allied to the broader democratic and anti-apartheid movement. It currently organises various anti-nuclear campaigns, as well as participates in the wider anti-war and peace movements.", "title": "Koeberg Alert" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, and dependent states, such as the British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe till the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Lugou Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.", "title": "Allies of World War II" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Battle of El Alamein (1 -- 27 July 1942) was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought in Egypt between Axis forces (Germany and Italy) of the Panzer Army Africa (Panzerarmee Afrika, which included the Afrika Korps) (Field Marshal (Generalfeldmarschall) Erwin Rommel) and Allied (British Imperial and Commonwealth) forces (Britain, British India, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand) of the Eighth Army (General Claude Auchinleck).", "title": "First Battle of El Alamein" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the dicotyledons, the bundles in the very young stem are arranged in an open ring, separating a central pith from an outer cortex. In each bundle, separating the xylem and phloem, is a layer of meristem or active formative tissue known as cambium. By the formation of a layer of cambium between the bundles (interfascicular cambium), a complete ring is formed, and a regular periodical increase in thickness results from the development of xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside. The soft phloem becomes crushed, but the hard wood persists and forms the bulk of the stem and branches of the woody perennial. Owing to differences in the character of the elements produced at the beginning and end of the season, the wood is marked out in transverse section into concentric rings, one for each season of growth, called annual rings.", "title": "Flowering plant" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe until the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.", "title": "Allies of World War II" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Central Powers (German: Mittelmächte; Hungarian: Központi hatalmak; Turkish: İttifak Devletleri / Bağlaşma Devletleri; Bulgarian: Централни сили, translit. Tsentralni sili), consisting of Germany, Austria - Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria -- hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance (German: Vierbund) -- was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914 -- 18). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente. The Powers' origin was the alliance of Germany and Austria - Hungary in 1879. The Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria did not join until after World War I had begun, although the Ottoman Empire retained close relations with both Germany and Austria - Hungary since the beginning of the 20th century.", "title": "Central Powers" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although it was Russia that was punished by the Paris Treaty, in the long run it was Austria that lost the most from the Crimean War despite having barely taken part in it.:433 Having abandoned its alliance with Russia, Austria was diplomatically isolated following the war,:433 which contributed to its disastrous defeats in the 1859 Franco-Austrian War that resulted in the cession of Lombardy to the Kingdom of Sardinia, and later in the loss of the Habsburg rule of Tuscany and Modena, which meant the end of Austrian influence in Italy. Furthermore, Russia did not do anything to assist its former ally, Austria, in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War:433 with its loss of Venetia and more important than that, its influence in most German-speaking lands. The status of Austria as a great power, with the unifications of Germany and Italy was now severely questioned. It had to compromise with Hungary, the two countries shared the Danubian Empire and Austria slowly became a little more than a German satellite. With France now hostile to Germany, allied with Russia, and Russia competing with the newly renamed Austro-Hungarian Empire for an increased role in the Balkans at the expense of the Ottoman Empire, the foundations were in place for creating the diplomatic alliances that would lead to World War I.", "title": "Crimean War" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Of the many provisions in the treaty, one of the most important and controversial required ``Germany (to) accept the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage ''during the war (the other members of the Central Powers signed treaties containing similar articles). This article, Article 231, later became known as the War Guilt clause. The treaty forced Germany to disarm, make substantial territorial concessions, and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers. In 1921 the total cost of these reparations was assessed at 132 billion marks (then $31.4 billion or £6.6 billion, roughly equivalent to US $442 billion or UK £284 billion in 2018). At the time economists, notably John Maynard Keynes (a British delegate to the Paris Peace Conference), predicted that the treaty was too harsh -- a`` Carthaginian peace'' -- and said the reparations figure was excessive and counter-productive, views that, since then, have been the subject of ongoing debate by historians and economists from several countries. On the other hand, prominent figures on the Allied side such as French Marshal Ferdinand Foch criticized the treaty for treating Germany too leniently.", "title": "Treaty of Versailles" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Themba Qabula (1942–2002) was a poet, writer and trade unionist in Durban, South Africa in the 1980s. He was a fork lift driver and a militant in the Metal and Allied Worker's Union. Qabula is best known as a \"worker-poet\" who managed the adaptation of traditional Zulu poetic forms to the gritty themes of daily life.", "title": "Alfred Themba Qabula" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Napoleon continued to entertain a grand scheme to establish a French presence in the Middle East in order to put pressure on Britain and Russia, and perhaps form an alliance with the Ottoman Empire. In February 1806, Ottoman Emperor Selim III finally recognized Napoleon as Emperor. He also opted for an alliance with France, calling France \"our sincere and natural ally.\" That decision brought the Ottoman Empire into a losing war against Russia and Britain. A Franco-Persian alliance was also formed between Napoleon and the Persian Empire of Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar. It collapsed in 1807, when France and Russia themselves formed an unexpected alliance. In the end, Napoleon had made no effective alliances in the Middle East.", "title": "Napoleon" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of \"containment\" of communism and forged myriad alliances to this end, including NATO. Several of these western countries also coordinated efforts regarding the rebuilding of western Europe, including western Germany, which the Soviets opposed. In other regions of the world, such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements, which the United States and many of its allies opposed and, in some cases, attempted to \"roll back\". Many countries were prompted to align themselves with the nations that would later form either NATO or the Warsaw Pact, though other movements would also emerge.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Triple Alliance was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria - Hungary, and Italy. It was formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until it expired in 1915 during World War I. Germany and Austria - Hungary had been closely allied since 1879. Italy sought support against France shortly after it lost North African ambitions to the French. Each member promised mutual support in the event of an attack by any other great power. The treaty provided that Germany and Austria - Hungary were to assist Italy if it was attacked by France without provocation. In turn, Italy would assist Germany if attacked by France. In the event of a war between Austria - Hungary and Russia, Italy promised to remain neutral.", "title": "Triple Alliance (1882)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Western Allied invasion of Germany was coordinated by the Western Allies during the final months of hostilities in the European theatre of World War II. The Allied invasion of Germany started with the Western Allies crossing the Rhine River in March 1945 before fanning out and overrunning all of western Germany from the Baltic in the north to Austria in the south before the Germans surrendered on 8 May 1945. This is known as the ``Central Europe Campaign ''in United States military histories.", "title": "Western Allied invasion of Germany" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 1980s green became the color of a number of new European political parties organized around an agenda of environmentalism. Green was chosen for its association with nature, health, and growth. The largest green party in Europe is Alliance '90/The Greens (German: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) in Germany, which was formed in 1993 from the merger of the German Green Party, founded in West Germany in 1980, and Alliance 90, founded during the Revolution of 1989–1990 in East Germany. In the 2009 federal elections, the party won 10.7% of the votes and 68 out of 622 seats in the Bundestag.", "title": "Green" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the \"Big Three\". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the \"Four Policemen\" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.", "title": "Great power" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Article 231 Germany accepted responsibility for the losses and damages caused by the war ``as a consequence of the... aggression of Germany and her allies. ''The treaty required Germany to compensate the Allied powers, and it also established an Allied`` Reparation Commission'' to determine the exact amount which Germany would pay and the form that such payment would take. The commission was required to ``give to the German Government a just opportunity to be heard '', and to submit its conclusions by 1 May 1921. In the interim, the treaty required Germany to pay an equivalent of 20 billion gold marks ($5 billion) in gold, commodities, ships, securities or other forms. The money would help to pay for Allied occupation costs and buy food and raw materials for Germany.", "title": "Treaty of Versailles" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally.", "title": "North African campaign" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under \"North Africa.\" Details can be found in Policy Focus #65.", "title": "Near East" } ]

[ { "answer": "under \"North Africa.\"", "id": 9998, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "How does WINEP bundle the countries of Northwest Africa?", "raw_question": "How does WINEP bundle the countries of Northwest Africa?", "statement": "WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa under \"North Africa\"." }, { "answer": "Italy", "id": 93626, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "where did the allies go after under \"North Africa.\"", "raw_question": "where did the allies go after #1", "statement": "The Allies went to Italy after the North Africa campaign." }, { "answer": "20 May 1882", "id": 77420, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "when did Italy and germany form an alliance", "raw_question": "when did #2 and germany form an alliance", "statement": "Italy and Germany formed an alliance on 20 May 1882." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The senate's ultimate authority derived from the esteem and prestige of the senators. This esteem and prestige was based on both precedent and custom, as well as the caliber and reputation of the senators. The senate passed decrees, which were called senatus consulta. These were officially \"advice\" from the senate to a magistrate. In practice, however, they were usually followed by the magistrates. The focus of the Roman senate was usually directed towards foreign policy. Though it technically had no official role in the management of military conflict, the senate ultimately was the force that oversaw such affairs. The power of the senate expanded over time as the power of the legislative assemblies declined, and the senate took a greater role in ordinary law-making. Its members were usually appointed by Roman Censors, who ordinarily selected newly elected magistrates for membership in the senate, making the senate a partially elected body. During times of military emergency, such as the civil wars of the 1st century BC, this practice became less prevalent, as the Roman Dictator, Triumvir or the senate itself would select its members.", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Vice President of the Republic of Liberia is the second - highest executive official in Liberia, and one of only two elected executive offices along with the President. The Vice President is elected on the same ticket with the president to a six - year term. In the event of the death, resignation or removal of the president, the Vice President ascends to the presidency, which he or she holds for the remainder of their predecessor's term. The Vice President also serves as the President of the Senate and may cast a vote in the event of a tie. The current Vice President is Jewel Taylor, serving under President George Weah.", "title": "Vice President of Liberia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Prior to 1934, the annual message was delivered at the end of the calendar year, in December. The ratification of the 20th Amendment on January 23, 1933, changed the opening of Congress from early March to early January, affecting the delivery of the annual message. Since 1934, the message or address has been delivered to Congress in January or February.", "title": "State of the Union" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1866, at the behest of Chief Justice Chase, Congress passed an act providing that the next three justices to retire would not be replaced, which would thin the bench to seven justices by attrition. Consequently, one seat was removed in 1866 and a second in 1867. In 1869, however, the Circuit Judges Act returned the number of justices to nine, where it has since remained.", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The government of India is based on a tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (also known as the Central Government), representing the Union of India, and the State governments. Later, a third tier was added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities. In the current arrangement, The Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution delimits the subjects of each level of governmental jurisdiction, dividing them into three lists:", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Israel has a three-tier court system. At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court of Canada. It was created in 1875 by a law passed by the Parliament of Canada, the Supreme and Exchequer Court Act. Since 1949, the Court has been the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. Originally composed of six justices (the Chief Justice of Canada and five puisne justices), the Court was expanded to seven justices by the creation of an additional puisne justice position in 1927, and then to nine justices by the creation of two more puisne justice positions in 1949.", "title": "List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patronage refers to favoring supporters, for example with government employment. This may be legitimate, as when a newly elected government changes the top officials in the administration in order to effectively implement its policy. It can be seen as corruption if this means that incompetent persons, as a payment for supporting the regime, are selected before more able ones. In nondemocracies many government officials are often selected for loyalty rather than ability. They may be almost exclusively selected from a particular group (for example, Sunni Arabs in Saddam Hussein's Iraq, the nomenklatura in the Soviet Union, or the Junkers in Imperial Germany) that support the regime in return for such favors. A similar problem can also be seen in Eastern Europe, for example in Romania, where the government is often accused of patronage (when a new government comes to power it rapidly changes most of the officials in the public sector).", "title": "Political corruption" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Similar to the British system, Article One of the United States Constitution gives the House of Representatives the sole power of impeachment and the Senate the sole power to try impeachments of officers of the U.S. national government. (Various state constitutions include similar measures, allowing the state legislature to impeach the governor or other officials of the state government.) In contrast to the British system, in the United States impeachment is only the first of two stages, and conviction during the second stage requires a two - thirds majority vote. Impeachment does not necessarily result in removal from office; it is only a legal statement of charges, parallel to an indictment in criminal law. An official who is impeached faces a second legislative vote (whether by the same body or another), which determines conviction, or failure to convict, on the charges embodied by the impeachment. Most constitutions require a supermajority to convict. Although the subject of the charge is criminal action, it does not constitute a criminal trial; the only question under consideration is the removal of the individual from office, and the possibility of a subsequent vote preventing the removed official from ever again holding political office in the jurisdiction where he or she was removed. Impeachment with respect to political office should not be confused with witness impeachment.", "title": "Impeachment" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Women's suffrage in Australia was one of the earliest objectives of the movement for gender equality in Australia. It began to be socially and politically accepted and legislated during the late 19th century, beginning with South Australia in 1894 and Western Australia in 1899. In 1902, the newly established Australian Parliament passed the Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902, which set a uniform law enabling women to vote at federal elections and to stand for the federal Parliament. This removed gender discrimination in relation to electoral rights for federal elections in Australia. By 1911, the remaining Australian states had legislated for women's suffrage for state elections.", "title": "Women's suffrage in Australia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A justice of the peace in Singapore derives his powers from statute law. He is appointed by the President of the Republic of Singapore, under the provisions of section 11 (l) of the Subordinate Courts Act (Cap. 321). The President may revoke the appointment of any justice of the peace. A newly appointed justice of the peace is required by section 17 of the Subordinate Courts Act, to take the oath of office and allegiance as set out in the schedule to the Subordinate Courts Act, before exercising the functions of his office.", "title": "Justice of the peace" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. The court consists of a Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. Each justice is elected in partisan elections for staggered six-year terms. The Supreme Court is housed in the Heflin-Torbert Judicial Building in downtown Montgomery, Alabama.", "title": "Supreme Court of Alabama" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Solon, an Athenian (Greek) of noble descent but moderate means, was a Lyric poet and later a lawmaker; Plutarch placed him as one of the Seven Sages of the ancient world. Solon attempted to satisfy all sides by alleviating the suffering of the poor majority without removing all the privileges of the rich minority. Solon divided the Athenians into four property classes, with different rights and duties for each. As the Rhetra did in the Lycurgian Sparta, Solon formalized the composition and functions of the governmental bodies. Now, all citizens were entitled to attend the Ecclesia (Assembly) and vote. Ecclesia became, in principle, the sovereign body, entitled to pass laws and decrees, elect officials, and hear appeals from the most important decisions of the courts. All but those in the poorest group might serve, a year at a time, on a new Boule of 400, which was to prepare business for Ecclesia. The higher governmental posts, archons (magistrates), were reserved for citizens of the top two income groups. The retired archons became members of the Areopagus (Council of the Hill of Ares), and like the Gerousia in Sparta, it was able to check improper actions of the newly powerful Ecclesia. Solon created a mixed timocratic and democratic system of institutions.", "title": "History of democracy" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "President James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821, to take possession of East Florida and West Florida for the United States and provide for initial governance. Andrew Jackson served as the federal military commissioner with the powers of governor of the newly - acquired territory, from March 10 through December of 1821. On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of what formerly constituted West Florida into the Florida Territory. William Pope Duval became the first official governor of the Florida Territory and soon afterward the capital was established at Tallahassee, but only after removing a Seminole tribe from the land.", "title": "Florida Territory" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the federal level, Article Two of the United States Constitution states in Section 4 that ``The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors. ''The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeaching, while the United States Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. The removal of impeached officials is automatic upon conviction in the Senate. In Nixon v. United States (1993), the Supreme Court determined that the federal judiciary can not review such proceedings.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution provides that justices ``shall hold their offices during good behavior ''(unless appointed during a Senate recess). The term`` good behavior'' is understood to mean justices may serve for the remainder of their lives, unless they are impeached and convicted by Congress, resign, or retire. Only one justice has been impeached by the House of Representatives (Samuel Chase, March 1804), but he was acquitted in the Senate (March 1805). Moves to impeach sitting justices have occurred more recently (for example, William O. Douglas was the subject of hearings twice, in 1953 and again in 1970; and Abe Fortas resigned while hearings were being organized in 1969), but they did not reach a vote in the House. No mechanism exists for removing a justice who is permanently incapacitated by illness or injury, but unable (or unwilling) to resign.", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. The judiciary is further divided into circuit and speciality courts, magistrate courts and justices of the peace. The judicial system is a blend of common law, based on Anglo-American law, and customary law. An informal system of traditional courts still exists within the rural areas of the country, with trial by ordeal remaining common despite being officially outlawed.", "title": "Liberia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Under the Twelfth Amendment, the Senate has the power to elect the vice president if no vice presidential candidate receives a majority of votes in the Electoral College. The Twelfth Amendment requires the Senate to choose from the two candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes. Electoral College deadlocks are rare. The Senate has only broken a deadlock once; in 1837, it elected Richard Mentor Johnson. The House elects the president if the Electoral College deadlocks on that choice.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adapted from Peter Lovesey's Sergeant Cribb historical mystery novels and set in Victorian London around the time of the Jack the Ripper murders in 1888, Alan Dobie starred as the tough Detective Sergeant who worked for the newly formed Criminal Investigation Department (CID), determined to remove crime from the streets of London using the latest detection methods.", "title": "Cribb" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lianghekou Dam (\"meaning:\" \"mouth of two rivers\") is a concrete-face rock-fill dam currently under construction on the Yalong River in Yajiang County, Sichuan Province, China. The dam is located at the confluence of the Yalong, Xianshui and Qingda Rivers. The tall dam will be the highest embankment dam in the country and support a 3,000 MW power station. Studies for the dam were completed between 2005 and 2009 with preliminary construction beginning that year. Major works on the dam officially began in October 2014. The first generator is expected to be commissioned in 2021 and the project complete in 2023.", "title": "Lianghekou Dam" } ]

[ { "answer": "Supreme Court", "id": 17249, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What is the highest tier?", "raw_question": "What is the highest tier?", "statement": "The Supreme Court is the highest tier." }, { "answer": "Congress", "id": 45116, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "who has the power to remove a Supreme Court justice", "raw_question": "who has the power to remove a #1 justice", "statement": "Congress has the power to remove a Supreme Court justice." }, { "answer": "early January", "id": 91026, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "when does a newly elected Congress officially begin its work", "raw_question": "when does a newly elected #2 officially begin its work", "statement": "A newly elected Congress officially begins its work in early January." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Garbarek was born in Mysen, Norway, the only child of a former Polish prisoner of war, Czesław Garbarek, and a Norwegian farmer's daughter. He grew up in Oslo, stateless until the age of seven, as there was no automatic grant of citizenship in Norway at the time. When he was 21, he married Vigdis. He is the father of musician and composer Anja Garbarek.", "title": "Jan Garbarek" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"You and I\" is a song written by Dennis Wilson, his former wife Karen Lamm-Wilson and close friend Gregg Jakobson. It was released as the eighth track on Dennis Wilson's 1977 debut solo album \"Pacific Ocean Blue\". The song was released as a single in the United States, with the B-side being \"Friday Night\". The single failed to chart. The track, as with the rest of the album, was credited as being produced by Dennis Wilson and his close friend Gregg Jakobson.", "title": "You and I (Dennis Wilson song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Márquez has also performed more than 34 concerts with several symphony orchestras in Venezuela, a privilege granted to few popular artists in her country. She performs an average of 70 shows each year.", "title": "Floria Márquez" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Jones -- Shafroth Act, popularly called the Jones Act, which granted Puerto Ricans, born on or after, April 25, 1898, U.S. citizenship. Opponents, which included all of the Puerto Rican House of Delegates, who voted unanimously against it, said that the U.S. imposed citizenship in order to draft Puerto Rican men into the army as American entry into World War I became likely.", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53AD in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), in the city of Italica (now in the municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville). Although frequently designated the first provincial emperor, and dismissed by later writers such as Cassius Dio (himself of provincial origin) as \"an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot\", Trajan appears to have hailed on his father's side from the area of Tuder (modern Todi) in Umbria, at the border with Etruria, and on his mother's side from the Gens Marcia, of an Italic family of Sabine origin. Trajan's birthplace of Italica was founded as a Roman military colony of \"Italian\" settlers in 206BC, though it is unknown when the Ulpii arrived there. It is possible, but cannot be substantiated, that Trajan's ancestors married local women and lost their citizenship at some point, but they certainly recovered their status when the city became a municipium with Latin citizenship in the mid-1st century BC.", "title": "Trajan" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger is a dual Austrian/United States citizen. He holds Austrian citizenship by birth and has held U.S. citizenship since becoming naturalized in 1983. Being Austrian and thus European, he was able to win the 2007 European Voice campaigner of the year award for taking action against climate change with the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 and plans to introduce an emissions trading scheme with other US states and possibly with the EU.", "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Padre Coraje (English: \"Brave Father John\") is a Spanish language television drama from Argentina. Its theme song is performed by Paz Martinez.", "title": "Padre Coraje" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "title": "Telman Ismailov" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "title": "Albano Carrisi" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Relyea is a 1998 graduate of the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. He studied with his father, with renowned opera bass Jerome Hines, and with bass-baritone Edward Zambara. John Relyea has performed with major symphony companies across the country, such as the New York Philharmonic, Santa Fe Opera, Seattle Opera and the Metropolitan Opera in addition to the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra.", "title": "John Relyea" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Evgenios Spatharis was born in Kifissia in 1924, son of Sotiris Spatharis, himself a famous puppeteer. He progressively got introduced to his father's art, despite his father's reluctance, since his wish was for Evgenios to become an architect. His first public performances were during the German occupation of Greece, when he frequently used heroic themes in order to strengthen the morale of the population. During one of his shows, the Germans arrested him and brought him to the local \"Kommandantur\" for interrogation. Using an old connection of his, he managed to perform for them and they were so impressed that they decided to send him to perform to Germany.", "title": "Evgenios Spatharis" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Break Away\" is a song written by Brian and Murry Wilson for American rock band the Beach Boys, released as a single in 1969. Murry was credited as lyricist under the pseudonym \"Reggie Dunbar\". The single was relatively unsuccessful compared to the group's releases, and charted at No. 63 in the US \"Billboard\" 100 (top 40 in the \"Cash Box\" and \"Record World\" charts). \"Break Away\" sold better abroad, reaching No. 6 in the UK, No. 10 in Ireland, No. 17 in the Netherlands, No. 20 in New Zealand, and No. 29 in Germany.", "title": "Break Away (The Beach Boys song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Good Master (1935) is a children's novel written and illustrated by Kate Seredy. It was named a Newbery Honor book in 1936. \"The Good Master\" is set in the Hungarian countryside before World War I and tells the story of wild young Kate, who goes to live with her Uncle's family when her father can't control her and at the end she goes back to her father. At Uncle Marton's suggestion, Kate and her father move back to the country to live, to be near Marton and his wife and son. Like his brother Marton, Kate's father Sandor is a countryman and misses rural life. And he sees what a wonderful effect country life has had on Kate.", "title": "The Good Master" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "title": "Errol Nolan" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oath of Citizenship or officially Oath of Allegiance, is a statement recited by individuals wishing to become citizens of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Individuals who wish to become a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago do so through the Ministry of National Security's Citizenship and Immigration Section. The Oath of Allegiance is a mandatory step to becoming a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago.", "title": "Trinidad and Tobago passport" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pursuant to this power, Congress in 1790 passed the first naturalization law for the United States, the Naturalization Act of 1790. The law enabled those who had resided in the country for two years and had kept their current state of residence for a year to apply for citizenship. However it restricted naturalization to ``free white persons ''of`` good moral character''.", "title": "History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Lindh (1952–2013) was a well-known figure in Swedish economics, not least thanks to its combination of academic research and active citizenship.", "title": "Thomas Lindh" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Many Moods of Murry Wilson is the sole album release by Murry Wilson, the father of Brian, Carl and Dennis Wilson and uncle of Mike Love of The Beach Boys. The album was released on Capitol Records in 1967, the same record label that The Beach Boys were contracted to at the time.", "title": "The Many Moods of Murry Wilson" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indigenous population in Peru make up around 45%. Native Peruvian traditions and customs have shaped the way Peruvians live and see themselves today. Cultural citizenship—or what Renato Rosaldo has called, \"the right to be different and to belong, in a democratic, participatory sense\" (1996:243)—is not yet very well developed in Peru. This is perhaps no more apparent than in the country's Amazonian regions where indigenous societies continue to struggle against state-sponsored economic abuses, cultural discrimination, and pervasive violence.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shpëtim Babaj (Serbo-Croat: \"Špetim Babaj\") (born on 9 December 1981 in Pristina) is a Kosovo Albanian football midfielder. He also holds Croatian citizenship.", "title": "Shpëtim Babaj" } ]

[ { "answer": "Dennis Wilson", "id": 752367, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "You and I >> performer", "raw_question": "You and I >> performer", "statement": "Dennis Wilson was the performer of the song \"You and I\"." }, { "answer": "Murry Wilson", "id": 729377, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Dennis Wilson >> father", "raw_question": "#1 >> father", "statement": "Murry Wilson was the father of Dennis Wilson." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 238895, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Murry Wilson >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#2 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Murry Wilson was an American." } ]

[ "the US", "U.S.", "the United States", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Operation Anvil was a series of 21 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1975-1976 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the \"Operation Bedrock\" series and preceded the \"Operation Fulcrum\" series.", "title": "Operation Anvil (nuclear test)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qal'at Ja'bar (, ) is a castle on the left bank of Lake Assad in Raqqa Governorate, Syria. Its site, formerly a prominent hill-top overlooking the Euphrates Valley, is now an island in Lake Assad that can only be reached by an artificial causeway. Although the hilltop on which the castle sits was possibly already fortified in the 7th century, the current structures are primarily the work of Nur ad-Din Zangi, who rebuilt the castle from 1168 onwards. Since 1965, several excavations have been carried out in and around the castle, as well as restoration works of the walls and towers. The castle was a Turkish exclave between 1921 and 1973.", "title": "Qal'at Ja'bar" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bankas Snoras AB was founded 1992 as a regional bank of Šiauliai and renamed to its current name in 1993. It was recognised as the best bank in Lithuania in 2006 by financial publisher \"The Banker\". However, an inspection at the bank in November 2011 revealed poor asset quality, weak risk management and lack of proper operating data. The check also revealed that the bank has ignored the central bank's recommendation to reduce operating risks.", "title": "Snoras" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Underground tests in the United States continued until 1992 (its last nuclear test), the Soviet Union until 1990, the United Kingdom until 1991, and both China and France until 1996. In signing the Comprehensive Nuclear - Test - Ban Treaty in 1996, these states have pledged to discontinue all nuclear testing; the treaty has not yet entered into force because of failure to be ratified by eight countries. Non-signatories India and Pakistan last tested nuclear weapons in 1998. North Korea conducted nuclear tests in 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2017. The most recent confirmed nuclear test occurred in September 2017 in North Korea.", "title": "Nuclear weapons testing" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Israel is considered the most advanced country in Southwest Asia and the Middle East in economic and industrial development. Israel's quality university education and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for spurring the country's high technology boom and rapid economic development. In 2010, it joined the OECD. The country is ranked 3rd in the region and 38th worldwide on the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index as well as in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report. It has the second-largest number of startup companies in the world (after the United States) and the largest number of NASDAQ-listed companies outside North America.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the ECB shoulder the burden of monetary expansion (and potential inflation) to save the weak member countries. Most central banks prefer to move weak assets off their balance sheets with some kind of agreement as to how the debt will continue to be serviced. This preference has typically led the ECB to argue that the weaker member countries must:", "title": "European Central Bank" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. \"The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II.\" With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named \"Ivy Mike,\" the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as \"by far the most contaminated place in the world.\"", "title": "Marshall Islands" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Government involvement in the British economy is primarily exercised by Her Majesty's Treasury, headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. Since 1979 management of the economy has followed a broadly laissez - faire approach. The Bank of England is the UK's central bank and its Monetary Policy Committee is responsible for setting interest rates, quantitative easing, and forward guidance.", "title": "Economy of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea has a military nuclear weapons program and also has a significant quantity of chemical and biological weapons. As of 2003, North Korea is no longer a party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The country has come under sanctions after conducting a number of nuclear tests, beginning in 2006.", "title": "North Korea and weapons of mass destruction" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Central Bank of Cuba (, BCC) is the central bank of Cuba. It was created in 1997 to take over many of the functions of the National Bank of Cuba (). From its creation until May 2009, the president was Francisco Soberón Valdés, and the current head is Irma Margarita Martínez Castrillón.", "title": "Central Bank of Cuba" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pokhran - II was the series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second Indian nuclear test; the first test, code - named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.", "title": "Pokhran-II" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The US Federal Reserve belatedly implemented policies similar to the current quantitative easing during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Specifically, banks' excess reserves exceeded 6 percent in 1940, whereas they vanished during the entire postwar period until 2008. Despite this fact, many commentators called the scope of the Federal Reserve quantitative easing program after the 2008 crisis ``unprecedented ''.", "title": "Quantitative easing" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The euro is managed and administered by the Frankfurt-based European Central Bank (ECB) and the Eurosystem (composed of the central banks of the eurozone countries). As an independent central bank, the ECB has sole authority to set monetary policy. The Eurosystem participates in the printing, minting and distribution of notes and coins in all member states, and the operation of the eurozone payment systems.", "title": "Euro" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Operation Project 56 was a series of 4 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1955-1956 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the \"Operation Wigwam\" series and preceded the \"Operation Redwing\" series.", "title": "Project 56 (nuclear test)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises. Over the years, events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have led to the expansion of the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System.", "title": "Federal Reserve" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning in March 2009, the Bank of England had purchased around £165 billion in assets as of September 2009 and around £175 billion in assets by the end of October 2009. At its meeting in November 2009, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted to increase total asset purchases to £200 billion. Most of the assets purchased have been UK government securities (gilts); the Bank has also purchased smaller quantities of high - quality private - sector assets. In December 2010, MPC member Adam Posen called for a £50 billion expansion of the Bank's quantitative easing programme, while his colleague Andrew Sentance has called for an increase in interest rates due to inflation being above the target rate of 2%. In October 2011, the Bank of England announced that it would undertake another round of QE, creating an additional £75 billion. In February 2012 it announced an additional £50 billion. In July 2012 it announced another £50 billion, bringing the total amount to £375 billion. The Bank has said that it will not buy more than 70% of any issue of government debt. This means that at least 30% of any issue of government debt will have to be purchased and held by institutions other than the Bank of England. In 2012 the Bank estimated that quantitative easing had benefited households differentially according to the assets they hold; richer households have more assets.", "title": "Quantitative easing" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The picture below shows the Shrimp device, detonated on March 1, 1954 at Bikini, as the Castle Bravo test. Its 15-megaton explosion was the largest ever by the United States. The silhouette of a man is shown for scale. The device is supported from below, at the ends. The pipes going into the shot cab ceiling, which appear to be supports, are actually diagnostic light pipes. The eight pipes at the right end (1) sent information about the detonation of the primary. Two in the middle (2) marked the time when x-radiation from the primary reached the radiation channel around the secondary. The last two pipes (3) noted the time radiation reached the far end of the radiation channel, the difference between (2) and (3) being the radiation transit time for the channel.", "title": "Nuclear weapon design" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pokhran - II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code - named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.", "title": "Pokhran-II" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, to take care of the foreign reserves of the European System of Central Banks and operation of the financial market infrastructure under the TARGET2 payments system and the technical platform (currently being developed) for settlement of securities in Europe (TARGET2 Securities). The ECB has, under Article 16 of its Statute, the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand.", "title": "European Central Bank" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Auchinleck Castle was a castle built on a rocky promontory on the eastern bank of the Lugar Water, East Ayrshire, Scotland across the river from Ochiltree Castle. It was built by the Auchinleck family in the 13th century.", "title": "Auchinleck Castle, East Ayrshire" } ]

[ { "answer": "United States", "id": 159993, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "What country conducted the Castle Bravo test?", "raw_question": "What country conducted the Castle Bravo test?", "statement": "The United States conducted the Castle Bravo test." }, { "answer": "Federal Reserve", "id": 74189, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "the current central bank of United States is", "raw_question": "the current central bank of #1 is", "statement": "The Federal Reserve is the current central bank of the United States." }, { "answer": "during the Great Depression of the 1930s", "id": 73100, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "when did Federal Reserve start quantitative easing", "raw_question": "when did #2 start quantitative easing", "statement": "The Federal Reserve started quantitative easing during the Great Depression of the 1930s." } ]

[ "Great Depression" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Brown grew up in Chicago and attended Wilson College, where he met musicians such as Jack DeJohnette, Henry Threadgill, Roscoe Mitchell, and Joseph Jarman. He played piano in R&B and soul outfits into the 1960s, then switched to saxophone in 1965. He joined the AACM in 1971, and also played with The Awakening in the early 1970s. In 1974 he lost several teeth in a car crash, and temporarily switched to piano again until he recovered. He played sax later in the 1970s with McCoy Tyner, Don Patterson, and Sonny Stitt. In the 1980s, he worked with Lester Bowie, Von Freeman, Bobby Watson, and Anthony Braxton, and in 1989 he became a member of Kahil El'Zabar's trio.", "title": "Ari Brown" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Live at the Sugar Club is the name of a DVD and CD set released by singer/songwriter Sinéad O'Connor in 2008. The set features a live concert performance by O'Connor from November 8th 2006 at The Sugar Club in Dublin, Ireland. It was sold exclusively on her website in a limited number of two thousand copies.", "title": "Live at the Sugar Club" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or small biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are monomers made of three components: a 5 - carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. If the sugar is a compound ribose, the polymer is RNA (ribonucleic acid); if the sugar is derived from ribose as deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).", "title": "Nucleic acid" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pearl's voice actress, Deedee Magno Hall, started voice acting at a young age for The All - New Mickey Mouse Club. She moved on to do Broadway performances in the 1990s and 2000s, such as Miss Saigon and Wicked, but was contacted by Rebecca Sugar to portray a role in Steven Universe in 2013. Pearl was her first major role in an animated series.", "title": "Pearl (Steven Universe)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NGC 2915 is a blue dwarf galaxy located 12 million light-years away in the southern constellation Chamaeleon, right on the edge of the Local Group. The optical galaxy corresponds to the core of a much larger spiral galaxy traced by radio observation of neutral hydrogen.", "title": "NGC 2915" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somebody Loan Me a Dime is a 1974 studio album by blues singer and guitarist Fenton Robinson, his debut under the Alligator Records imprint. Blending together some elements of jazz with Chicago blues and Texas blues, the album was largely critically well received and is regarded as important within his discography. Among the album's tracks is a re-recording of his 1967 signature song, ``Somebody Loan Me a Dime '', which has become a blues standard. It has been reissued multiple times in the United States and Japan, including with bonus tracks.", "title": "Somebody Loan Me a Dime" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New York City at the Astor Place Theatre (1991 -- present) Boston at the Charles Playhouse (1995 -- present) Chicago at the Briar Street Theater (1997 -- present) Las Vegas at the Luxor Hotel and Casino (November 18, 2015 -- present) Orlando at the Blue Man Group Theatre at CityWalk at the Universal Orlando Resort (June 6, 2007 -- present) World Tour (March 29, 2016 -- present) - a celebration of life in full color with the launch of a World Tour beginning March 29, 2016 in Singapore.", "title": "Blue Man Group" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Livin' in the Fast Lane is the fourth studio album by the American hip hop group The Sugarhill Gang, released in 1984 on Sugar Hill Records.", "title": "Livin' in the Fast Lane" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Girls Dem Sugar is a reggae fusion song by Jamaican deejay Beenie Man and features singer-songwriter Mýa. The track was produced by The Neptunes for Davis' 2000 studio album \"Art and Life\" and inspired and conceptualized from his 1997 Jamaican hit single \"Who Am I (Sim Simma)\". \"Girls Dem Sugar\" was written by Beenie Man, Chad Hugo, and Pharrell Williams.", "title": "Girls Dem Sugar" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portrait of a Man with a Blue Chaperon (or Portrait of a Man with a Blue Hood, earlier Portrait of a Jeweler or Man with a Ring) is a very small (22.5 cm x 16.6 cm with frame) oil on panel portrait of an unidentified man attributed to the Early Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck.", "title": "Portrait of a Man with a Blue Chaperon" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Instruments were marketed by teacher-dealers, much as the title character in the popular musical The Music Man. Often, these teacher-dealers conducted mandolin orchestras: groups of 4-50 musicians who played various mandolin family instruments. However, alongside the teacher-dealers were serious musicians, working to create a spot for the instrument in classical music, ragtime and jazz. Like the teacher-dealers, they traveled the U.S., recording records, giving performances and teaching individuals and mandolin orchestras. Samuel Siegel played mandolin in Vaudeville and became one of America's preeminent mandolinists. Seth Weeks was an African American who not only taught and performed in the United States, but also in Europe, where he recorded records. Another pioneering African American musician and director who made his start with a mandolin orchestra was composer James Reese Europe. W. Eugene Page toured the country with a group, and was well known for his mandolin and mandola performances. Other names include Valentine Abt, Samuel Adelstein, William Place, Jr., and Aubrey Stauffer.", "title": "Mandolin" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "White Sugar is the debut album of British Blues Artist Joanne Shaw Taylor. It was released in 2009 on Ruf Records.", "title": "White Sugar (album)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny \"Man\" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including \"mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos. And once in a while they would ease a little ukulele in there and a bass fiddle.\" Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.", "title": "Mandolin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poolaki is a type of candy made mainly in Isfahan, Iran. Its shape is in the form of a thin disc, pretty much like a very thin coin, which starts dissolving as it enters the mouth. It is made of sugar, water, white vinegar and some natural taste of saffron, dried lime or cocoa powder. It is similar to toffee. The word is similar to one called Poolak which means \"small coin\" in Persian. Poolaki is also a Persian surname.", "title": "Poolaki" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Better Man ''is a song written by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift and performed by American country group Little Big Town, released on October 20, 2016. It served as the lead single from the group's eighth studio album, The Breaker, which was released on February 24, 2017.`` Better Man'' was first performed live at the 50th CMA Awards on November 2, 2016. The song won Song of the Year and was nominated for Single of the Year, and Music Video of the Year at the 2017 CMA Awards.", "title": "Better Man (Little Big Town song)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation. The 'Calls' groups, basically formed by drummers playing the tamboril, perform candombe rhythmic figures. Revelers wear their festival clothing. Each group has its own theme. Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades.", "title": "Carnival" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Later in the film, Walter starts to question whether he is man, which he was believed to be his entire life, or actually a Muppet, which was why he always felt a strong connection towards them. This emotion eventually leads him to sing the Academy Award - winning song, ``Man or Muppet '', where the human version of Walter is portrayed by actor Jim Parsons. The scene is pivotal to the character's arc as it resolves Walter's internal issues with himself. The character's solo act of whistling in the telethon's finale was performed by musician Andrew Bird. At the conclusion of the film, Walter deduces that he is a Muppet, adopts whistling as his sole talent and joins the group as their newest member.", "title": "Walter (Muppet)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Too Much Sugar for a Dime is an album by Henry Threadgill, released in 1993 on the Axiom label. It has been described as: \"a mad, glorious romp which explores some very dark timbres and tonalities and yet remains witty, fresh and consistently exciting.\" (Richard Cook & Brian Morton, \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz on CD\").", "title": "Too Much Sugar for a Dime" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dime Box High School or Dime Box School is a public high school located in Dime Box, Texas (USA) and classified as a 1A school by the UIL. It is part of the Dime Box Independent School District located in northeastern Lee County. In 2015, the school was rated \"Met Standard\" by the Texas Education Agency.", "title": "Dime Box High School" } ]

[ { "answer": "Henry Threadgill", "id": 723003, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Too Much Sugar for a Dime >> performer", "raw_question": "Too Much Sugar for a Dime >> performer", "statement": "Henry Threadgill is the performer of Too Much Sugar for a Dime." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "id": 593059, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Henry Threadgill >> place of birth", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of birth", "statement": "Henry Threadgill was born in Chicago." }, { "answer": "1997", "id": 76293, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "when did blue man group start in Chicago", "raw_question": "when did blue man group start in #2", "statement": "The Blue Man Group started in Chicago in 1997." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 129, adopted unanimously on August 7, 1958, called an emergency special session of the General Assembly. The resolution states that this was as a result of the lack of unanimity of its permanent members at the council's 834th and 837th meetings which prevented it from exercising its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.", "title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 129" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The General Assembly currently meets under its president or secretary - general in annual sessions at the headquarters of the United Nations in New York City, the main part of which lasts from September to December and resumed part from January until all issues are addressed (which often is just before the next session's start). It can also reconvene for special and emergency special sessions. Its composition, functions, powers, voting, and procedures are set out in Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter. The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall in London and included representatives of 51 nations.", "title": "United Nations General Assembly" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The State of the Union Address is an annual message presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term. The message includes a budget message and an economic report of the nation, and also allows the President to outline their legislative agenda (for which the cooperation of Congress is needed) and national priorities.", "title": "State of the Union" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Figures vary as to exactly how often the Generals have beaten their rivals. Some reports say six, while the team's official website reports having three victories over the Globetrotters, one each in 1954, 1958, and 1971. The 1971 win is the most storied of these, and is sometimes reported as the team's sole victory.", "title": "Washington Generals" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The State of the Union address is a speech presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the President to outline his legislative agenda (for which he needs the cooperation of Congress) and national priorities. The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically give Congress information on the ``state of the union ''and recommend any measures that he believes are necessary and expedient. During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on most networks.", "title": "State of the Union" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office \"with the Advice and Consent of the Senate,\" receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and \"take care that the laws be faithfully executed\" (Section 3.) By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President. Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president. Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission—all quasi-judicial—often have direct Congressional oversight.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food. By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States.", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1624 concerning incitement to commit acts of terrorism and the obligations of countries to comply with international human rights laws. Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter-terrorism activities by adopting nations, the United States and Israel have both declined to submit reports. In the same year, the United States Department of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a planning document, by the name \"National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism\", which stated that it constituted the \"comprehensive military plan to prosecute the Global War on Terror for the Armed Forces of the United States...including the findings and recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and a rigorous examination with the Department of Defense\".", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gravy Deco (The Complete Groovy Decay/Decoy Sessions) is an album by Robyn Hitchcock, issued during a spell of intense re-issuing of his work in the mid-1990s. The album's material had surfaced in the early 1980s, initially as \"Groovy Decay\", and then later, substantially remixed, as \"Groovy Decoy\".", "title": "Gravy Deco" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jazz Way Out is an album by jazz musicians John Coltrane and Wilbur Harden, the second of the three 1958 Savoy recordings made by Coltrane and Harden together. The session also produced an alternate take of \"Dial Africa\", which can be found on some compilations, most notably the ones featuring the complete Savoy recordings made by Harden and Coltrane together, \"The Complete Mainstream 1958 Sessions\" (2009) and \"The Complete Savoy Sessions\" (1999).", "title": "Jazz Way Out" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``We Can Work It Out ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon. It was first issued as a double A-side single with`` Day Tripper'' in December 1965. The release marked the first time in Britain that both tracks on an artist's single were promoted as joint A-sides. The song was recorded during the sessions for the band's Rubber Soul album. The single was number 1 in Britain (where it was also the top - selling single of 1965), America, Australia, Canada and Ireland.", "title": "We Can Work It Out" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Review of Financial Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of finance. It is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies. It was established following discussions at the 1986 Western Finance Association meetings, and the first issue was published in 1988. The current editor-in-chief is Itay Golstein. It is considered to be one of the premier finance journals. According to the \"Journal Citation Reports\", the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 4.270.", "title": "The Review of Financial Studies" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked a special joint session of the United States Congress for a declaration of war against the German Empire. Congress responded with the declaration on April 6.", "title": "United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective. The report concluded that \"it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred\". The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period. Notable among these was a 75% decline in deaths due to tuberculosis.", "title": "Pharmaceutical industry" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This was a significant step towards restoring communion between Rome and Constantinople. It produced the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965, which was read out on 7 December 1965, simultaneously at a public meeting of the Second Vatican Council in Rome and at a special ceremony in Istanbul. The declaration did not end the schism, but showed a desire for greater reconciliation between the two churches. In May 1973, the Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III of Alexandria visited the Vatican, where he met three times with Pope Paul VI. A common declaration and a joint Creed issued after the visit demonstrated that there are virtually no more[additional citation needed] theological discrepancies between the Coptic and Roman Catholic Churches.", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the early 1990s, Estonia is involved in active trilateral Baltic states co-operation with Latvia and Lithuania, and Nordic-Baltic co-operation with the Nordic countries. The Baltic Council is the joint forum of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly (BA) and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers (BCM). Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB-8) is the joint co-operation of the governments of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway and Sweden. Nordic-Baltic Six (NB-6), comprising Nordic-Baltic countries that are European Union member states, is a framework for meetings on EU related issues. Parliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council began in 1989. Annual summits take place, and in addition meetings are organised on all possible levels: speakers, presidiums, commissions, and individual members. The Nordic Council of Ministers has an office in Tallinn with a subsidiary in Tartu and information points in Narva, Valga and Pärnu. Joint Nordic-Baltic projects include the education programme Nordplus and mobility programmes for business and industry and for public administration.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The South African Bank Note Company was established in 1958 as a result of a decision by the South African Government to print South African currency locally. The South African Reserve Bank formed a joint venture with Bradbury Wilkinson and Company and commenced production from a factory in Pretoria. Bradbury Wilkinson and Company's shareholding was eventually taken over by the South African Reserve Bank.", "title": "South African Bank Note Company" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is, by law, the highest - ranking military officer of the United States Armed Forces, and the principal military adviser to the President of the United States. He leads the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, comprising the chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The Joint Chiefs of Staff have offices in The Pentagon. The chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, but does not have command authority over them, their service branches or the Unified Combatant Commands. All combatant commanders receive operational orders directly from the Secretary of Defense.", "title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Joint sessions and meetings are usually held in the Chamber of the House of Representatives, and are traditionally presided over by the Speaker of the House. However, the Constitution requires the Vice President (as President of the Senate) to preside over the counting of electoral votes.", "title": "Joint session of the United States Congress" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Betty and Don Draper live in a large house in suburban Ossining, New York, with their children Sally (played by Kiernan Shipka) and Bobby. In the second episode, set in the spring of 1960, Betty starts to see a psychiatrist to address repeated spells of numbness in her hands, which medical doctors have indicated are psychosomatic. It was during these meetings that, after having discovered the psychiatrist was giving reports of her sessions to Don, she voiced her suspicion that her husband was unfaithful. By the start of the second season, set in February 1962, she had discontinued the consultations.", "title": "Betty Draper" } ]

[ { "answer": "Federal Trade Commission", "id": 16401, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Who issued the report in 1958?", "raw_question": "Who issued the report in 1958?", "statement": "The Federal Trade Commission issued the report in 1958." }, { "answer": "Congress", "id": 4520, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Who has over-sight of Federal Trade Commission ?", "raw_question": "Who has over-sight of #1 ?", "statement": "Congress has oversight of the Federal Trade Commission." }, { "answer": "the Chamber of the House of Representatives", "id": 47197, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "where does the joint session of Congress meet", "raw_question": "where does the joint session of #2 meet", "statement": "The joint session of Congress meets in the Chamber of the House of Representatives." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taubenklippe is a rock formation in the Harz mountains in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It lies about halfway between Bad Harzburg and Ilsenburg at a height of on the eastern slopes of the Ecker valley. From the crag there is a good view over Harz Foreland, the heights near Bad Harzburg and the highest mountain in the Har, the Brocken. The \"Taubenklippe\" may be reached from the Ecker valley on a footpath, some 6 km long, that starts in Ilsenburg.", "title": "Taubenklippe" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Viorst is a 1952 graduate of the Newark College of Arts and Sciences at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. In 1968, Viorst signed the \"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest\" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. In the latter part of the 1970s, after two decades of writing for children and adults, she turned to the study of Freudian psychology. In 1981, she became a research graduate at Washington Psychoanalytic Institute after six years of study.", "title": "Judith Viorst" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Good Governance Day (Hindi: सुशासन दिवस,; IAST: Suśāsan Divas) is observed in India annually on the twenty - fifth day of December, the birth anniversary of former - Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Good Governance Day was established in 2014 to honor Prime Minister Vajpayee by fostering awareness among the Indian people of accountability in government.", "title": "Good Governance Day" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 July 2004, in response to verbal attacks in Liverpool on Wayne Rooney, just before his transfer from Everton to Manchester United, who had sold his life story to The Sun, the paper devoted a full-page editorial to an apology for the \"awful error\" of its Hillsborough coverage and argued that Rooney (who was still only three years old at the time of Hillsborough) should not be punished for its \"past sins\". In January 2005, The Sun's managing editor Graham Dudman admitting the Hillsborough coverage was \"the worst mistake in our history\", added: \"What we did was a terrible mistake. It was a terrible, insensitive, horrible article, with a dreadful headline; but what we'd also say is: we have apologised for it, and the entire senior team here now is completely different from the team that put the paper out in 1989.\"", "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Up Against My Heart was the fifth and final album that country music artist Patty Loveless would record for MCA Records. The album produced the singles \"Hurt Me Bad (In a Real Good Way),\" \"Jealous Bone,\" and \"Can't Stop Myself from Loving You.\"", "title": "Up Against My Heart" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Longinus critically applauds and condemns certain literary works as examples of good or bad styles of writing. Longinus ultimately promotes an ``elevation of style ''and an essence of`` simplicity''. To quote this famous author, ``the first and most important source of sublimity (is) the power of forming great conceptions. ''The concept of the sublime is generally accepted to refer to a style of writing that elevates itself`` above the ordinary''. Finally, Longinus sets out five sources of sublimity: ``great thoughts, strong emotions, certain figures of thought and speech, noble diction, and dignified word arrangement ''.", "title": "On the Sublime" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sally Green submitted \"Half Bad\" to an agent in January 2013; in March, editorial director Ben Horslen acquired the manuscript for Penguin Books children's imprint Puffin Books, billing it \"the book of the Bologna Children's Book Fair\" after a 6-figure bidding war. In the run up to its publication in the UK on 3 March 2014, international rights to Half Bad sold rapidly; within 13 weeks of acquisition, it had sold in 25 territories; by November 2013, 36. Upon publication day, it broke the Guinness World Record for 'Most Translated Book by a Debut Author, Pre-publication' with 45 different translations.", "title": "Half Bad" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hitler Bad, Vandals Good is the seventh studio album by the southern California punk rock band The Vandals, released in 1998 by Nitro Records. Much of the album is characterized by the pop-punk music and humorous lyrics for which the band is known, and it became their most popular and commercially successful album to date. While the band has utilized humor as a basis for much of their lyrical content throughout their career, the humor on their previous album \"The Quickening\" had been rooted heavily in sarcasm and dealt with themes of nihilism, anarchism and apathy. By comparison, the humor in \"Hitler Bad, Vandals Good\" is more lighthearted, dealing with subjects such as girlfriends, fast food and hairstyles.", "title": "Hitler Bad, Vandals Good" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ali Şen (1918 in Adana, Adana Vilayet, Ottoman Empire – 15 December 1989 in Istanbul, Turkey) was a Turkish actor, father of the actor Şener Şen. He played many roles both as good guy and bad guy.", "title": "Ali Şen" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Alexander Richey CIE (8 March 1874 – 24 October 1931) was a British educational administrator in South Africa and India.", "title": "James Alexander Richey" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Good, the Bad and the Ugly ''is the theme to the 1966 film of the same name, which was directed by Sergio Leone. Included on the film soundtrack as`` The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (main title)'', the instrumental piece was composed by Ennio Morricone, with Bruno Nicolai conducting the orchestra. A cover version by Hugo Montenegro in 1968 was a pop hit in both the U.S. and the U.K. It has since become one of the most iconic scores in film history.", "title": "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (theme)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Man with the Yellow Hat (voiced by Jeff Bennett): The man who first befriended George and also acts as his primary teacher and mentor. He does not wear his hat at home but wears it when going in public. the Man often has bad luck and makes mistakes (such as constantly losing his hat, being in the wrong place at the wrong time, tasting something terrible with a sour reaction, etc.). He is also absent - minded, and a bit awkward.", "title": "Curious George (TV series)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Alexander Hamilton Institute is a former institute for business education in New York City founded in 1909, and dissolved in the 1980s. The Alexander Hamilton Institute was a corporation engaged in collecting, organizing and transmitting business information.", "title": "Alexander Hamilton Institute" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (or NJAES) is an entity currently operated by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in conjunction with the State of New Jersey in the university's role as the state's sole land-grant university. Today, it conducts research in agriculture, horticulture and turf grass science, and through the Rutgers Cooperative Extension aids New Jersey farmers, landscapers, and residents in each of the state's twenty-one counties.", "title": "New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released in 1966 alongside the Western film, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, directed by Sergio Leone. The score is composed by frequent Leone collaborator Ennio Morricone, whose distinctive original compositions, containing gunfire, whistling, and yodeling permeate the film. The main theme, resembling the howling of a coyote, is a two - note melody that is a frequent motif, and is used for the three main characters, with a different instrument used for each one: flute for Blondie (Man With No Name), Arghilofono (Ocarina) for Angel Eyes, and human voices for Tuco.", "title": "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (soundtrack)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ted Danson as Michael, the architect of The Good Place where Eleanor and her fellow humans reside. In the first - season finale, it is discovered that he is a Bad Place demon who constructed a fake ``Good Place ''to torture Eleanor, Chidi, Tahani, and Jason. Unfortunately, he ends up repeatedly restarting his experiment due to Eleanor (and one time Jason) always figuring out that`` The Good Place'' is ``The Bad Place, ''leading to his routine failure, as well as hiding the constant resets from Shawn in order to avoid`` retirement''. As part of a truce he makes with Eleanor so his failing project will not be exposed and a chance to reform his behavior, Michael agrees to let the humans keep their memories and help them get into the true Good Place as well as to take Chidi's ethics lessons.", "title": "The Good Place" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day, published in 1972, is an ALA Notable Children's Book written by Judith Viorst and illustrated by Ray Cruz. It has also won a George G. Stone Center Recognition of Merit, a Georgia Children's Book Award, and is a Reading Rainbow book. Viorst followed this book up with three sequels, \"Alexander, Who Used to be Rich Last Sunday\" , \"Alexander, Who's Not (Do You Hear Me? I Mean It!) Going to Move\" , and \"Alexander Who's Trying His Best to Be the Best Boy Ever\" .", "title": "Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir is a memoir written by former Vice President of the United States Dick Cheney with Elizabeth Cheney. The book was released on August 30, 2011 and outlines Cheney's version of 9/11, the War on Terrorism, the 2001 War in Afghanistan, the run-up to the 2003 Iraq war, enhanced interrogation techniques and other events. According to Barton Gellman, the author of \"\", Cheney's book differs from publicly available records on details surrounding the NSA surveillance program. Cheney discusses his both good and bad interactions with his peers during the Presidency of George W. Bush.", "title": "In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kerris Lilla Dorsey (born January 9, 1998) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Paige Whedon in the television series Brothers & Sisters, Casey Beane, Billy Beane's (Brad Pitt) daughter, in the 2011 film Moneyball, and as Emily Cooper in the 2014 film Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day. Dorsey plays Bridget Donovan, the daughter of the title character, in the television series Ray Donovan.", "title": "Kerris Dorsey" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Very Private Life of Mister Sim (original title: La Vie très privée de Monsieur Sim; also known as The Terrible Privacy of Mr. Sim) is a 2015 French comedy-drama film directed by Michel Leclerc and starring Jean-Pierre Bacri. It is an adaptation of the novel \"The Terrible Privacy of Maxwell Sim\" by English author Jonathan Coe. It was released in France on 16 December 2015.", "title": "The Very Private Life of Mister Sim" } ]

[ { "answer": "Judith Viorst", "id": 358656, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day >> author", "raw_question": "Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day >> author", "statement": "Judith Viorst, the author of Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day, attended a university." }, { "answer": "Rutgers University", "id": 182905, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Judith Viorst >> educated at", "raw_question": "#1 >> educated at", "statement": "Judith Viorst was educated at Rutgers University." }, { "answer": "land-grant university", "id": 638959, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Rutgers University >> instance of", "raw_question": "#2 >> instance of", "statement": "Rutgers University is a land-grant university." } ]

[ "Land-grant university" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Die Zeit, die Zeit (The time, the time) is the name of a Novel by Martin Suter, that was published in September 2012 by Diogenes Verlag.", "title": "Die Zeit, die Zeit" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blanche of Anjou (1280 – 14 October 1310) was Queen of Aragon as the second spouse of King James II. She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou, she is also known as \"Blanche of Naples\". She served as Regent or \"Queen-Lieutenant\" of Aragon during the absence of her spouse in 1310.", "title": "Blanche of Anjou" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jerome Cavanagh 64th Mayor of Detroit, Michigan In office January 2, 1962 -- January 5, 1970 Preceded by Louis Miriani Succeeded by Roman Gribbs Personal details Jerome Patrick Cavanagh (1928 - 06 - 16) June 16, 1928 Detroit, Michigan November 27, 1979 (1979 - 11 - 27) (aged 51) Lexington, Kentucky Resting place Mount Elliot Cemetery Detroit, Michigan Political party Democratic Spouse (s) Mary Helen Martin Children 8", "title": "Jerome Cavanagh" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Maskarade (\"Masquerade\") is an opera in three acts by Carl Nielsen to a Danish libretto by Vilhelm Andersen, based on the comedy by Ludvig Holberg. It was first performed on 11 November 1906 at Det Kongelige Teater, Copenhagen. \"Maskarade\" has enjoyed enduring popularity in Denmark where it is considered to be the country's national opera.", "title": "Maskarade" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally the benefits received by retirees were not taxed as income. Beginning in tax year 1984, with the Reagan - era reforms to repair the system's projected insolvency, retirees with incomes over $25,000 (in the case of married persons filing separately who did not live with the spouse at any time during the year, and for persons filing as ``single ''), or with combined incomes over $32,000 (if married filing jointly) or, in certain cases, any income amount (if married filing separately from the spouse in a year in which the taxpayer lived with the spouse at any time) generally saw part of the retiree benefits subject to federal income tax. In 1984, the portion of the benefits potentially subject to tax was 50%. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1993 set the portion to 85%.", "title": "Social Security (United States)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 - 20 may also be served, possess or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment.", "title": "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die (stylized 69 Sexy Things 2 Do B4U Die) was a Playboy TV adult newsmagazine profiling exotic locales, outdoor adventures and current erotic trends.", "title": "69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The score was composed by Joel McNeely. The soundtrack was released by Back Lot Music on May 27, 2014. The theme song ``A Million Ways to Die ''is performed by Alan Jackson. It was released as a single on April 29, 2014. A portion of the Back to the Future theme by Alan Silvestri is used during Christopher Lloyd's cameo.", "title": "A Million Ways to Die in the West" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fred Meyer Jewelers started in 1973 as a catalog showroom concept by Fred G. Meyer. As the catalog showroom fad started to die down, Fred Meyer was experiencing excellent sales growth in the fine jewelry category. To capitalize on this sales growth, Fred Meyer placed fine jewelry stores in their large multi-department stores and eventually shopping malls throughout the Western United States.", "title": "Fred Meyer Jewelers" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since 1921 the intent was to place a superstructure on top of the Tomb, but it was not until July 3, 1926, that Congress authorized the completion of the Tomb and the expenditure of $50,000 (with a completed cost of $48,000). A design competition was held and won by architect Lorimer Rich and sculptor Thomas Hudson Jones. An appropriation from Congress for the work was secured and on December 21, 1929, a contract for completion of the Tomb itself was entered into. The Tomb would consist of seven pieces of marble in four levels (cap, die, base and sub-base) of which the die is the largest block with the sculpting on all four sides.", "title": "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Arlington)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Carl Nielsen Museum is a museum dedicated to the life of Danish composer Carl Nielsen and his wife, the sculptor Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen. It documents his life from his childhood in the town of Nr. Lyndelse, to his career and success on the European music scene, with his violins, his bugle and his grand piano on display, as well as a number of his musical scores, including six symphonies, three concertos, two operas, and chamber music and a great number of songs.", "title": "Carl Nielsen Museum" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "If an asset is left to a spouse or a federally recognized charity, the tax usually does not apply. In addition, a maximum amount, varying year by year, can be given by an individual, before and / or upon their death, without incurring federal gift or estate taxes: $5,340,000 for estates of persons dying in 2014 and 2015, $5,450,000 (effectively $10.90 million per married couple, assuming the deceased spouse did not leave assets to the surviving spouse) for estates of persons dying in 2016. Because of these exemptions, it is estimated that only the largest 0.2% of estates in the U.S. will pay the tax. For 2017, the exemption increases to $5.5 million. In 2018, the exemption will double to $11.18 million per taxpayer due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.", "title": "Estate tax in the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vojtěch Matyáš Jírovec (Adalbert Gyrowetz) (20 February 1763 – 19 March 1850) was a Bohemian composer. He mainly wrote instrumental works, with a great production of string quartets and symphonies; his operas and singspiele numbered more than 30, including \"Semiramide\" (1791), \"Der Augenarzt\" (1811), and \"Robert, oder Die Prüfung\" (1815).", "title": "Adalbert Gyrowetz" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ehden massacre () took place on 13 June 1978, part of the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War. It was an inter-Christian attack that occurred between the Maronite clans. A Phalangist squad attacked the mansion of the Frangieh family in an attempt to capture Ehden, killing nearly 40 people including Tony Frangieh, his spouse and his three-year old baby, Jihane. After the massacre, the power of the Frangiehs is reported to have declined.", "title": "Ehden massacre" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kennedy/Marshall Company (KM) is an American film-production company, based in Santa Monica, California, founded in 1992 by spouses Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall.", "title": "The Kennedy/Marshall Company" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité Bonheur (1758 – 8 August 1858) was the Empress of Haiti (1804–1806) as the spouse of Jean-Jacques Dessalines.", "title": "Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"1/2 Lovesong\" is a song by Die Ärzte. It's the sixth track and the third single from their 1998 album \"13\". The song was composed by Bela B..", "title": "1/2 Lovesong" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1892, Carl-Nielsen contributed for the first time to the Free Exhibition (\"\") in Copenhagen. She became a permanent member in 1893. The two calves in bronze were accepted for the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. Her second daughter, Anne Marie Frederikke Carl-Nielsen (known as  – Sister) and son Hans Børge Carl-Nielsen were born on 4 March 1893 and 5 September 1895. Her father died on 14 September 1899.", "title": "Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Material: First place (the Gold medal): It is composed of silver of at least. 925 grade, plated with 6 grams of gold. Second place (the Silver medal):. 925 silver. Third place (the Bronze medal): It is 97.0% copper with 0.5% tin and 2.5% zinc; the metal value was about US $3 in 2010.", "title": "Olympic medal" } ]

[ { "answer": "Carl Nielsen", "id": 388966, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Maskarade >> composer", "raw_question": "Maskarade >> composer", "statement": "Carl Nielsen is the composer of Maskarade." }, { "answer": "Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen", "id": 508834, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Carl Nielsen >> spouse", "raw_question": "#1 >> spouse", "statement": "Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen, the spouse of Carl Nielsen, died." }, { "answer": "Copenhagen", "id": 145463, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "In what place did Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen die?", "raw_question": "In what place did #2 die?", "statement": "Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen died in Copenhagen." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus Maximus (died 210 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 211 BC. As consul, Fulvius defended Rome against Hannibal with his colleague Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus during the Second Punic War.", "title": "Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus Maximus" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Le pillole di Ercole is a 1960 Italian comedy film directed by Luciano Salce. It was shown as part of a retrospective on Italian comedy at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.", "title": "Le pillole di Ercole" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pakistan has an embassy in Ankara, a Consulate-General in Istanbul and an honorary consulate in Izmir whereas, Turkey has an embassy in Islamabad, a Consulate-General in Karachi and honorary consulates in Lahore, Peshawar, Sialkot and Faisalabad. As of 2016, in a joint communique, Pakistan and Turkey plan to strengthen their close ties into a \"strategic partnership\".", "title": "Pakistan–Turkey relations" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Los Angeles is the People's Republic of China's (PRC) diplomatic mission headquartered at 443 Shatto Place in the Koreatown neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. The passport and visa office is on the third floor of 500 Shatto Place, Los Angeles, California. The consulate's service area is Southern California (as defined by the PRC; Northern California is served by The Consulate General of The People's Republic of China in San Francisco), Arizona, Hawaii, New Mexico, and the U.S. Pacific territories.", "title": "Chinese Consulate-General, Los Angeles" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Storm Rider Clash of the Evils is a Chinese animated feature film directed by Dante Lam and produced by Puzzle Animation Studio Limited and Shanghai Media Group. It is based on the manhua series \"Fung Wan\" by Ma Wing-shing.", "title": "Storm Rider Clash of the Evils" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wolves of the Street (also known as The Wolves of Wall Street or Wolves in Wall Street) is a 1920 American western silent film directed by Otis B. Thayer and starring Edmund Cobb and Vida Johnson. The film was shot in Steamboat Springs, Colorado by the Thayer's Art-O-Graf film company. Franklyn Farnum was originally cast for the lead role, but he did not appear in the completed film.", "title": "Wolves of the Street" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Americans at the Black Sea () is a 2006 Turkish comedy film, directed by Kartal Tibet, about a U.S. military recovery operation on Turkey's Black Sea coast. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on .", "title": "Americans at the Black Sea" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death of a Legend was the first of three documentary films by Bill Mason about wolves, helping to dispel the image of wolves as \"evil\" and demonstrating their role in maintaining the balance of nature. Released in 1971, \"Death of the Legend\" was the first documentary to feature footage of wolves being born in the wild, and their first year of life. The film was followed two years later by Mason's feature length theatrical documentary on wolves, \"Cry of the Wild\". Both films were produced by the National Film Board of Canada. Mason completed his third and final film on wolves, \"Wolf Pack\", in 1974.", "title": "Death of a Legend" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chinese Take-Away () is a 2011 Argentine comedy film written and directed by Sebastián Borensztein. The film was the highest grossing non-US film in Argentina in 2011.", "title": "Chinese Take-Away" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Time for Loving (released in Italy as Sapore di mare) is a 1983 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Vanzina. It obtained a great commercial success and launched a short-living subgenre of revival-nostalgic comedy films. It also generated a sequel, \"Sapore di mare 2 - Un anno dopo\". For her performance in this film Virna Lisi won a David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress and a Silver Ribbon in the same category.", "title": "Time for Loving" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Brackett, WI ''released on Dark Was the Night (February 17, 2009 -- 3 x LP & 2 x CD).`` For Emma'' (live) released on Live at the World Cafe Vol. 27 (2009 -- U.S. CD) ``Skinny Love ''(live) released on`` Later... Live with Jools Holland'' (October 12, 2009 -- 2 x CD) ``Roslyn ''(with St. Vincent) released on The Twilight Saga: New Moon: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (October 19, 2009 -- CD. December 2009 -- 2 x LP)`` Flume'', ``Wisconsin ''and`` Soft Light'' featured on the feature film The Builder by R. Alverson (July 27, 2010 -- DVD) My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy by Kanye West (November 22, 2010 -- CD); featuring Bon Iver on six total tracks including ``Monster ''and`` Lost in the World''. Writing credits for Justin Vernon and featuring Bon Iver on ``Monster ''and`` Lost in The World''. ``The Wolves (Act I & II) ''featured on the feature film Rust and Bone (October 29, 2012 - Film)`` The Wolves (Act I & II)'' featured on the feature film The Place Beyond the Pines (March 29, 2013 - Film) ``Come Talk To Me ''featured on`` I'll Scratch Yours'' by Peter Gabriel (September 24, 2013) ``Heavenly Father ''released on the Wish I Was Here soundtrack (June 20, 2014 - CD / Digital)`` re: stacks'' featured in the feature film As Cool As I Am. ``I Need a Forest Fire ''features Bon Iver on James Blake's third studio album The Colour in Anything.", "title": "Bon Iver discography" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chinese in Paris () is a 1974 French-Italian comedy film directed by Jean Yanne. The movie features an hypothetical Chinese invasion of western Europe and the life in Paris under communist Chinese rule.", "title": "Chinese in Paris" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The former British Consulate, is located at 53 Po Xijindu Ancient Street facing Daxi Road and Boxian Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China. In 1864, Britain constructed the consulate on Yuntai Mountain, which belonged to the British Concession in Zhenjiang at that time. In 1888, the British Consulate was burned down in local riots. From 1889 to 1890, it was rebuilt, occupying an area of 17 acres. Since the British Concession in Zhenjiang was officially returned to the Chinese government in 1929, Britain revoked the soldiers at the consulate in Zhenjiang, and turned it to the government. In 1958, the Zhenjiang Museum was established in the building.", "title": "Former British Consulate in Zhenjiang" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Clash of the Wolves is a 1925 American silent Western/adventure film produced and distributed by Warner Bros. Directed by Noel M. Smith, the film stars canine actor Rin Tin Tin, Charles Farrell and June Marlowe. It was filmed on location in Chatsworth, California, and at what would later become the Joshua Tree National Park. It was transferred onto 16mm film by Associated Artists Productions in the 1950s and shown on television. A 35mm print of the film was discovered in South Africa and restored in 2003. In 2004, \"The Clash of the Wolves\" was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "title": "The Clash of the Wolves" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cowboy's Flute (Chinese: 牧笛, Mu Di) is a Chinese animated short film produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio under the master animator Te Wei. It is also referred to as The Cowherd's Flute and The Buffalo Boy and his Flute.", "title": "The Cowboy's Flute" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sorry Baby () is a 1999 Chinese comedy film directed by Feng Xiaogang, presented by Forbidden City Film, starring Jacklyn Wu, Ge You and Fu Biao. It is another Feng Xiaogang hesui pian (\"New Year Celebratory film\") screened during Chinese New Year to boost box office takings.", "title": "Sorry Baby" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Cow vs Tender Grass () is a 2010 Singaporean comedy film, directed by Chi Kai Fok and starring Henry Thia and Crystal Lin. The film, in general, focuses on an aging taxi driver, who is out of love, meeting a beautiful young girl and falling in love, as connoted, in Mandarin Chinese, in the film title itself. It was officially released in cinemas on July 22, 2012, in Singapore.", "title": "Old Cow vs Tender Grass" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In July 1919, Duncan managed to bundle the dogs aboard a ship taking him back to the US at the end of the war. When he got to Long Island, New York, for re-entry processing, he put his dogs in the care of a Hempstead breeder named Mrs. Leo Wanner, who raised police dogs. Nanette was diagnosed with pneumonia; as a replacement, the breeder gave Duncan another female German Shepherd puppy. Duncan headed to California by rail with his dogs. While Duncan was traveling by train, Nanette died in Hempstead. As a memorial, Duncan named his new puppy Nanette II, but he called her Nanette. Duncan, Rin Tin Tin, and Nanette II settled at his home in Los Angeles. Rin Tin Tin was a dark sable color and had very dark eyes. Nanette II was much lighter in color.", "title": "Rin Tin Tin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From Vegas to Macau (), also known as The Man From Macau (), is a Hong Kong-Chinese crime comedy film directed by Wong Jing. The film stars Chow Yun-fat, Nicholas Tse, Chapman To and Jing Tian. The film was released during 2014 Chinese New Year.", "title": "From Vegas to Macau" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Family Devotions is a 1981 play by American playwright David Henry Hwang. Hwang's third play, it depicts the clash of West and East within three generations of an assimilated Chinese-American family living in a Los Angeles suburb. The play premiered on October 18, 1981 Off-Broadway at the Joseph Papp Public Theater. It was directed by Robert Allan Ackerman, with Michael Paul Chan, Jodi Long, Lauren Tom, and Victor Wong. The play was nominated for a Drama Desk Award.", "title": "Family Devotions" } ]

[ { "answer": "Rin Tin Tin", "id": 95838, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Who has acted in the comedy film The Clash of the Wolves?", "raw_question": "Who has acted in the comedy film The Clash of the Wolves?", "statement": "Rin Tin Tin acted in the comedy film The Clash of the Wolves." }, { "answer": "Los Angeles", "id": 147364, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Where did Rin Tin Tin live when he died?", "raw_question": "Where did #1 live when he died?", "statement": "The Chinese Consulate-General operates in Los Angeles." }, { "answer": "PRC", "id": 251997, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Chinese Consulate-General, Los Angeles >> operator", "raw_question": "Chinese Consulate-General, #2 >> operator", "statement": "The PRC operates the Chinese Consulate-General in Los Angeles." } ]

[ "China", "People's Republic of China" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010[update], Bern had an unemployment rate of 3.3%. As of 2008[update], there were 259 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 59 businesses involved in this sector. 16,413 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 950 businesses in this sector. 135,973 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 7,654 businesses in this sector.", "title": "Bern" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The economy has been growing quickly in recent years. In both 2010 and 2011, the metro area's gross domestic product (GDP) led 27 other metropolitan areas in the country, according to the Conference Board of Canada, recording growth of 6.6 per cent and 5.8 per cent respectively. At $52,000 the city's per capita GDP is the second highest out of all major Canadian cities. Economic forecasts suggest that the city will continue its strong economic growth in the coming years not only in the \"oceanic\" industries mentioned above, but also in tourism and new home construction as the population continues to grow. In May 2011, the city's unemployment rate fell to 5.6 per cent, the second lowest unemployment rate for a major city in Canada.", "title": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Around 3.8 million people work in Switzerland; about 25% of employees belonged to a trade union in 2004. Switzerland has a more flexible job market than neighbouring countries and the unemployment rate is very low. The unemployment rate increased from a low of 1.7% in June 2000 to a peak of 4.4% in December 2009. The unemployment rate is 3.2% in 2014. Population growth from net immigration is quite high, at 0.52% of population in 2004. The foreign citizen population was 21.8% in 2004, about the same as in Australia. GDP per hour worked is the world's 16th highest, at 49.46 international dollars in 2012.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mr. Godwin Emefiele, the former Zenith Bank Plc Chief Executive assumed the mantle as the 11th CBN chief as well as its 10th indigenous governor. Emefiele, who replaced Mallam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, whose tenure elapsed on June 1 brings to the job over 20 years of banking experience. He has held several strategic positions in his 18 years in the banking industry. Before becoming the Managing Director of Zenith Bank Plc, he had worked in corporate banking, treasury and financial controls. Before that, he was a lecturer in Finance and Insurance at the University of Port Harcourt, as well as his alma mater, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, where he obtained both BSc and MBA degrees in Finance. He is also an alumnus of Executive Education at Stanford University, Harvard University and Wharton Graduate Schools of Business. Emefiele in his maiden press briefing two days after his resumption of office gave a presentation titled ``ENTRENCHING MACROECONOMIC STABILITY AND ENGENDERING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA ''. He acknowledged the excellent work that the Bank had done to achieve financial system stability, low inflation, exchange rate stability, an efficient payment system, and a consistent monetary policy in the last couple of years. He maintained that the vision of the Central Bank of Nigeria is to create a people - centered Central Bank by`` delivering price and financial system stability and promoting sustainable economic development''.", "title": "Central Bank of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the Namibia Labour Force Survey Report 2012, conducted by the Namibia Statistics Agency, the country's unemployment rate is 27.4%. \"Strict unemployment\" (people actively seeking a full-time job) stood at 20.2% in 2000, 21.9% in 2004 and spiraled to 29.4% in 2008. Under a broader definition (including people that have given up searching for employment) unemployment rose to 36.7% in 2004. This estimate considers people in the informal economy as employed. Labour and Social Welfare Minister Immanuel Ngatjizeko praised the 2008 study as \"by far superior in scope and quality to any that has been available previously\", but its methodology has also received criticism.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Social Enterprise Association, also known as \"SE Association\", is a platform to bring together social entrepreneurs, social enterprises, academic institutions, and businesses in Singapore. The goal of the SE Association is to strengthen the culture of social entrepreneurship and social enterprises so as to bring about positive social impact within Singapore.", "title": "Social Enterprise Association" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bring It! is an American dance reality television series that debuted March 5, 2014, on Lifetime. On April 28, 2014, Lifetime announced an additional 10 - episode renewal of Bring It!. Additional episodes returned on July 23, 2014. The second season premiered on January 23, 2015. New episodes aired on July 31, 2015. The third season premiered on January 1, 2016. On December 1, 2016, Lifetime renewed the show for a fourth season, which premiered on January 13, 2017.", "title": "Bring It! (TV series)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cybotech Campus is an educational Institute, located in Patna, Bihar, India. It is affiliated College of the Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Learning centre for Sikkim Manipal University-DE, Gangtok, Learning centre for SHIATS (AAI-DU), Allahabad and A+ Rated Accredited Centre of NIELIT (DOEACC), Ministry of DIT, GOI, New Delhi.", "title": "Cybotech Campus" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Institutes of Technology (NITs) are autonomous public institutes of higher education, located in India. They are governed by the National Institutes of Technology Act, 2007, which declared them as institutions of national importance alongside Indian Institutes of Technology. These institutes of national importance receive special recognition from the Government of India. The NIT Council is the supreme governing body of India's National Institutes of Technology (NIT) system and all 31 NITs are funded by the Government of India. These institutes are among the top ranked engineering colleges in India and have one of the lowest acceptance rates for engineering institutes, of around 2 to 3 percent, second only to the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) in India. All NITs are autonomous which enables them to set up their own curriculum. The language of instruction is English at all these institutes.", "title": "National Institutes of Technology" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Graduate First () is a 1978 French drama film directed by Maurice Pialat and starring Sabine Haudepin. The film is set in the north of France, in Lens, in a region profoundly affected by unemployment - the students, from modest backgrounds, try to forget their fears of what tomorrow will bring.", "title": "Graduate First" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gwenfritz is a painted steel abstract stabile, by Alexander Calder. It is located at the National Museum of American History, at 14th Street, and Constitution Avenue, in Washington, D.C.", "title": "Gwenfritz" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Laurence D. Wohlers (born 1955) is Deputy Special Representative (Political) for the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on 25 April 2014.", "title": "Laurence D. Wohlers" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States, the industry in 2014 has around $960 billion in annual revenue according to statistics tracked by the Census Bureau, of which $680 billion is private (split evenly between residential and nonresidential) and the remainder is government. As of 2005, there were about 667,000 firms employing 1 million contractors (200,000 general contractors, 38,000 heavy, and 432,000 specialty); the average contractor employed fewer than 10 employees. As a whole, the industry employed an estimated 5.8 million as of April 2013, with a 13.2% unemployment rate. In the United States, approximately 828,000 women were employed in the construction industry as of 2011.", "title": "Construction" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tyler Jacks is a Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), an HHMI investigator, and director of the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, which brings together biologists and engineers to improve detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.", "title": "Tyler Jacks" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The interwar period was also marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre–World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining world security and peace and encouraging economic growth between member countries. The League was undermined by the bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States, leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The video for ``Musique Non-Stop ''is notable in itself for showcasing a computer animated representation of the band. Created in 1983, it sat dormant for three years before finally being incorporated as the video for the song. The animation, which was complex for its time, was created by Rebecca Allen, using state - of - the - art facial animation software developed by the Institute of Technology in New York. The slow rate of the album's progress, combined with rapid changes in software animation, meant that Allen had to archive the animation program developed at the Institute of Technology until Hütter and Schneider were ready in 1986, to travel to New York to edit the images to the final version of`` Musique Non-Stop''.", "title": "Musique Non-Stop" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the afternoon of Friday, August 13, 1971, these officials along with twelve other high - ranking White House and Treasury advisors met secretly with Nixon at Camp David. There was great debate about what Nixon should do, but ultimately Nixon, relying heavily on the advice of the self - confident Connally, decided to break up Bretton Woods by suspending the convertibility of the dollar into gold; freezing wages and prices for 90 days to combat potential inflationary effects; and impose an import surcharge of 10 percent, to prevent a run on the dollar, stabilize the US economy, and decrease US unemployment and inflation rates, on August 15, 1971:", "title": "Nixon shock" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The economy of Malmö was traditionally based on shipbuilding (Kockums) and construction related industries, such as concrete factories. The region's leading university, along with its associated hi-tech and pharmaceutical industries, is located in Lund about 16 kilometres (10 miles) to the north-east. As a result, Malmö had a troubled economic situation following the mid-1970s. Between 1990–1995, 27,000 jobs were lost, and the budget deficit was more than one billion Swedish krona (SEK). In 1995, Malmö had Sweden's highest unemployment rate.However, during the last two decades there has been a revival. One contributing factor has been the economic integration with Denmark brought about by the Øresund Bridge, which opened in July 2000. Also the university founded in 1998 and the effects of integration into the European Union have contributed. In 2017 the unemployment rate is still high but Malmö has the last 20 years had one of the strongest employment growth rates in Sweden. But a lot of those jobs are taken by workers outside of the side in the neighboring municipalities.As of 2016, the largest companies were:", "title": "Malmö" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is a United States federal-government research institute whose mission is to \"lead the Nation in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction.\"", "title": "National Institute on Drug Abuse" } ]

[ { "answer": "the League of Nations", "id": 33286, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "What institution was meant to bring stability?", "raw_question": "What institution was meant to bring stability?", "statement": "The League of Nations was meant to bring stability." }, { "answer": "Switzerland", "id": 22372, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Where is the League of Nations located?", "raw_question": "Where is #1 located?", "statement": "The League of Nations was located in Switzerland." }, { "answer": "3.2%", "id": 22389, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "What was the unemployment rate in Switzerland in 2014?", "raw_question": "What was the unemployment rate in #2 in 2014?", "statement": "The unemployment rate in Switzerland in 2014 was 3.2%." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fort Worth Vaqueros FC is an American amateur soccer club based in Fort Worth, Texas, which began play in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) in May 2014. The Vaqueros play in the Lone Star Conference of the South Region. The club is based at Farrington Field, a facility owned by the Fort Worth Independent School District.", "title": "Fort Worth Vaqueros FC" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martin Luther Christian University was established in July 2005. The university is named after Martin Luther (1483–1546), the father of reformation. MLCU is the first Christian University in India, that doesn't focus on theological training after more than two centuries of Christian education in the country. In a short span of years, the University has carved a niche for itself in the country for its commitment to providing quality learning and offering a conducive environment for quality academic pursuits. The creation and functioning of the university is in accordance with the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 under Section 2(f).", "title": "Martin Luther Christian University" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexander Meiklejohn (; 3 February 1872 – 17 December 1964) was a philosopher, university administrator, educational reformer, and free-speech advocate, best known as president of Amherst College.", "title": "Alexander Meiklejohn" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crisp is an unincorporated community in Ellis County, Texas, United States. It was the birthplace of country music star Ernest Tubb. It is located east of Waxahachie.", "title": "Crisp, Texas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brighton International University - School of Medicine is an institution with final authorization delivered by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Senegal. BIU is the first University and the first School of Medicine to operate south of the capital of the country, Dakar, in the region of Casamance. There is at least an administrative office in Boca Raton, Florida (United States of America).", "title": "Brighton International University" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).", "title": "Deninu School" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lisa Ellis (née Ward, born November 15, 1982) is an American professional mixed martial artist. She has fought in HOOKnSHOOT, Smackgirl, DEEP, Bellator Fighting Championships, Invicta FC, and the UFC.", "title": "Lisa Ellis" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A 1954 graduate of Texas Christian University, Ellis Amburn worked as a reporter for \"Newsweek\" before going into the book publishing industry where he rose to the position of editor, working for such well-known publishers as Delacorte Press, Coward-McCann, William Morrow. During his career, Amburn was an editor for authors such John le Carré, Belva Plain, Muriel Spark, Joshua Logan and for Jack Kerouac, who would be the subject of Amburn's 1998 book on which Leonardo DiCaprio has optioned film rights.", "title": "Ellis Amburn" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Stonegate Mansion is located at the edge of the Stonegate neighborhood in Fort Worth, TX near the Texas Christian University campus on a hill overlooking downtown Fort Worth. Built by multimillionaire oilman T. Cullen Davis, the mansion, once a private home, has been a restaurant, a church and most recently has been renovated to become an event facility used for weddings, parties, meetings and charitable events.", "title": "Stonegate Mansion" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "title": "Vilnius County" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. The official name of the standard is \"Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes\". It defines three sets of country codes:", "title": "ISO 3166-1" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The winners are awarded the William Webb Ellis Cup, named after William Webb Ellis, the Rugby School pupil who -- according to a popular legend -- invented rugby by picking up the ball during a football game. Four countries have won the trophy; New Zealand have won it three times, two teams have won twice, Australia and South Africa, while England have won it once.", "title": "Rugby World Cup" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration was established in the year 1962 as UNESCO Asian Centre for Educational Planners, Administrators and Supervisors which later became the Asian Institute of Educational Planning and Administration in 1965, which was later converted into the National Staff College for Educational Planners and Administrators in 1973, which was again rechristened as National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA) in the year 1979. In 2006, NIEPA was given the status of a Deemed to be University", "title": "National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education. Higher education, also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,627 Title IV degree - granting institutions, either colleges or universities in the country. These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for - profit colleges.", "title": "Higher education in the United States" } ]

[ { "answer": "Texas Christian University", "id": 122445, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "What is the name university that educated Ellis Amburn?", "raw_question": "What is the name university that educated Ellis Amburn?", "statement": "Ellis Amburn attended Texas Christian University." }, { "answer": "Fort Worth", "id": 236435, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Texas Christian University >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "raw_question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "statement": "Texas Christian University is located in Fort Worth." }, { "answer": "America", "id": 250802, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Fort Worth Vaqueros FC >> country", "raw_question": "#2 Vaqueros FC >> country", "statement": "The Fort Worth Vaqueros FC plays for America." } ]

[ "US of A", "United States of America", "the United States", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Billie's Bounce\" (also known as \"Bill's Bounce\") is a jazz composition written in 1945 by Charlie Parker in the form of a 12 bar F blues. It was dedicated to Billy Shaw by the Yardbird. The original recording by Charlie Parker and His Re-Boppers was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002. Copyright 1945 by Atlantic Music Corp. Copyright renewed and assigned 1973 to Atlantic Music Corp.", "title": "Billie's Bounce" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Voice That Is! is an album by American jazz vocalist Johnny Hartman featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "The Voice That Is!" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Bounce\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It was released as the fourth single from the band's 2002 album of the same name to US Rock Radio only, where it peaked at number 39 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in 2003. It is dedicated to Bill Belichick, the head coach of the New England Patriots, a National Football League team. It was also released as a double A-side with \"Misunderstood\" in Japan on 18 November 2002.", "title": "Bounce (Bon Jovi song)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.", "title": "Bach to the Blues" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Antidote is the debut album by English jazz guitarist Ronny Jordan, that was released by Island Records in 1992.", "title": "The Antidote (Ronny Jordan album)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matador is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the United Artists label.", "title": "Matador (Kenny Dorham album)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is \"the Most Beautiful Sound Next to Silence\", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in \"Coda\", a Canadian jazz magazine.", "title": "ECM Records" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Joanne ''Song by Michael Nesmith from the album Magnetic South Released 1970 Recorded 1970 Genre Country rock Length 3: 10 Label RCA Victor Songwriter (s) Michael Nesmith Producer (s) Felton Jarvis", "title": "Joanne (Michael Nesmith song)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jamal Plays Jamal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released on the 20th Century label.", "title": "Jamal Plays Jamal" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Pink Panther Theme ''Song by Henry Mancini from the album The Pink Panther Released 1963 Recorded 1963 Genre Jazz Length 2: 40 Label RCA Victor Songwriter (s) Henry Mancini Producer (s) Joe Reitman", "title": "The Pink Panther Theme" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Work Time is an album by jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins, recorded for the Prestige label, featuring performances by Rollins with Ray Bryant, George Morrow, and Max Roach.", "title": "Work Time" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Antoine Marchand is a record label established in 2003 by the Dutch early music performer Ton Koopman. Antoine Marchand is the French translation of Ton Koopman. The label is distributed by Dutch Jazz and classics distributor Challenge.", "title": "Antoine Marchand" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bounce is the eighth studio album by American rock band Bon Jovi, released on October 8, 2002 through Island Records. Produced by Luke Ebbin, Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora, the album was recorded at Sanctuary II Studio in New Jersey.", "title": "Bounce (Bon Jovi album)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Easterly Winds is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.", "title": "Easterly Winds" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Groovin' High is an album by American jazz saxophonist Booker Ervin featuring performances recorded in 1963 and 1964 for the Prestige label.", "title": "Groovin' High (Booker Ervin album)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Opening is a live album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring a performance recorded in Paris in 1970 and released on the French Futura label.", "title": "The Opening (album)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Straight No Filter is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley, recorded mostly in 1963 but not released on the Blue Note label until 1985. The albums compiles performances recorded at four different sessions from 1963 to 1966.", "title": "Straight No Filter" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Really Big! is the second album by saxophonist Jimmy Heath featuring big band performances recorded in 1960 and originally released on the Riverside label.", "title": "Really Big!" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Top and Bottom Brass is an album by trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in early 1959 and originally released on the Riverside label.", "title": "Top and Bottom Brass" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mike Varney is an American musician, record producer, music publisher and impresario. He is the founder of the Shrapnel Label Group, which includes Shrapnel Records, Tone Center Records and Blues Bureau International. He also has a 50% stake in Magna Carta Records, a New York-based label. Amazon.com currently lists over 790 albums as being released by record labels founded or owned by Mike Varney. He is often credited with being the individual most responsible for popularizing the mid-1980s shred guitar boom, and has continuously specialized in producing highly acclaimed musicians within the genres of instrumental rock, hard rock, jazz, jazz fusion, blues, blues-rock, progressive metal and speed metal.", "title": "Mike Varney" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bon Jovi", "id": 796408, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Bounce >> performer", "raw_question": "Bounce >> performer", "statement": "Bon Jovi is the performer." }, { "answer": "Island Records", "id": 763924, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Bon Jovi >> record label", "raw_question": "#1 >> record label", "statement": "Bon Jovi is released on Island Records." }, { "answer": "jaz", "id": 573834, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Island Records >> genre", "raw_question": "#2 >> genre", "statement": "Island Records releases jazz music." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KGTM is a Hot AC formatted radio station located in Shelley, Idaho, broadcasting to Eastern Idaho area on 98.1 FM.", "title": "KGTM" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oberhaching is a municipality in Bavaria, Germany, with 13,100 inhabitants (2006) on an area of 26.6 km². It is located some 15 km south of Munich city centre and looks back at a 1,250 year history.", "title": "Oberhaching" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jubilee is the fourth studio album released in 1998 by Grant Lee Buffalo. The single \"Truly,Truly\" received significant radio airplay, appearing on Billboard's Modern Rock chart for 13 weeks while peaking at #11. According to Grant Lee Phillips, the album may have suffered from high expectations at the label.", "title": "Jubilee (Grant Lee Buffalo album)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North of central Hyderabad lie Hussain Sagar, Tank Bund Road, Rani Gunj and the Secunderabad Railway Station. Most of the city's parks and recreational centres, such as Sanjeevaiah Park, Indira Park, Lumbini Park, NTR Gardens, the Buddha statue and Tankbund Park are located here. In the northwest part of the city there are upscale residential and commercial areas such as Banjara Hills, Jubilee Hills, Begumpet, Khairatabad and Miyapur. The northern end contains industrial areas such as Sanathnagar, Moosapet, Balanagar, Patancheru and Chanda Nagar. The northeast end is dotted with residential areas. In the eastern part of the city lie many defence research centres and Ramoji Film City. The \"Cyberabad\" area in the southwest and west of the city has grown rapidly since the 1990s. It is home to information technology and bio-pharmaceutical companies and to landmarks such as Hyderabad Airport, Osman Sagar, Himayath Sagar and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park.", "title": "Hyderabad" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fortitude is a fictional community located on Svalbard in Arctic Norway. It is described as an international community, with inhabitants from many parts of the world (population of 713 inhabitants and 4 police officers). The series was filmed in both the UK and in Reyðarfjörður, Iceland.", "title": "Fortitude (TV series)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smilyan (Bulgarian: Смилян) is a village in Smolyan Municipality, located in the Smolyan Province of southern Bulgaria. It is located 176.862 km from Sofia and the village covers an area of 29.248 km2. As of 2007, the village had a population of 1794 inhabitants.", "title": "Smilyan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Serravalle is a \"castello\" located in the European republic of San Marino. With a population of 10,878 inhabitants (of that 2,000 are of foreign origin) and a surface of 10.53 km², it is not only the most densely populated municipality in San Marino, but it also contains its largest settlement (Dogana). Serravalle is located on the edge of the Apennine Mountains.", "title": "Serravalle (San Marino)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2002, Elizabeth marked her Golden Jubilee. Her sister and mother died in February and March respectively, and the media speculated whether the Jubilee would be a success or a failure. She again undertook an extensive tour of her realms, which began in Jamaica in February, where she called the farewell banquet \"memorable\" after a power cut plunged the King's House, the official residence of the governor-general, into darkness. As in 1977, there were street parties and commemorative events, and monuments were named to honour the occasion. A million people attended each day of the three-day main Jubilee celebration in London, and the enthusiasm shown by the public for the Queen was greater than many journalists had expected.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walker Run (also known as Beach Haven Creek) is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Salem Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . There are three unnamed tributaries. The stream is on rock of the Mahantango Formation, the Harrell Formation, the Irish Valley Member, and the Trimmers Rock Formation. A number of roads cross the stream. It is inhabited by wild trout.", "title": "Walker Run" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The games take place in the star - shaped Kalos Region (カロス地方, Karosu - chihō), one of many such regions across the fictional Pokémon World. Centered around beauty, the region is heavily inspired by France and, to a lesser extent, Europe as a whole. Many locations and landmarks across Kalos have real - world inspirations, including Prism Tower (Eiffel Tower), the Lumiose Art Museum (the Louvre), and the stones outside Geosenge Town (Carnac stones). Wild Pokémon inhabit every corner of the Kalos Region, many of which are only known to appear in this area.", "title": "Pokémon X and Y" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sestao is a town and municipality of 28,288 inhabitants located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain. It is in the left bank of the Estuary of Bilbao and part of Bilbao's metropolitan area.", "title": "Sestao" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Grant Lee Buffalo was a rock band based in Los Angeles, California, consisting of Grant-Lee Phillips (vocals and guitar), Paul Kimble (bass) and Joey Peters (drums). All three were previously members of another Los Angeles band, Shiva Burlesque.", "title": "Grant Lee Buffalo" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor's \"Tree Town\" nickname stems from the dense forestation of its parks and residential areas. The city contains more than 50,000 trees along its streets and an equal number in parks. In recent years, the emerald ash borer has destroyed many of the city's approximately 10,500 ash trees. The city contains 157 municipal parks ranging from small neighborhood green spots to large recreation areas. Several large city parks and a university park border sections of the Huron River. Fuller Recreation Area, near the University Hospital complex, contains sports fields, pedestrian and bike paths, and swimming pools. The Nichols Arboretum, owned by the University of Michigan, is a 123-acre (50 ha) arboretum that contains hundreds of plant and tree species. It is on the city's east side, near the university's Central Campus. Located across the Huron River just beyond the university's North Campus is the university's Matthaei Botanical Gardens, which contains 300 acres of gardens and a large tropical conservatory.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the LaserDisc format was supplanted by DVD by the late 1990s, many LD titles are still highly coveted by movie enthusiasts (for example, Disney's Song of the South which is unavailable in the US in any format, but was issued in Japan on LD). This is largely because there are many films that are still only available on LD and many other LD releases contain supplemental material not available on subsequent DVD versions of those films. Until the end of 2001, many titles were released on VHS, LD, and DVD in Japan.", "title": "LaserDisc" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Southern California includes the heavily built-up urban area stretching along the Pacific coast from Ventura, through the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs: the Los Angeles metropolitan area, consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties; the Inland Empire, consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino counties; the San Diego metropolitan area; the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura metropolitan area; the Santa Barbara metro area; the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area; and the El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles area with over 12 million inhabitants, the Riverside-San Bernardino area with over four million inhabitants, and the San Diego area with over 3 million inhabitants. For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people. With over 22 million people, southern California contains roughly 60 percent of California's population.", "title": "Southern California" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michigan is a state located in the Midwestern United States. According to the 2010 United States Census, Michigan is the 8th most populous state with 7006988412900000000 ♠ 9,884,129 inhabitants but the 22nd largest by land area spanning 56,538.90 square miles (146,435.1 km) of land. Michigan is divided into 83 counties and contains 533 incorporated municipalities consisting of cities and villages. Specifically, Michigan has 276 cities, 257 villages, and 1,240 townships.", "title": "List of municipalities in Michigan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Zusailing Formation is located in Baoting County, Hainan Province, China. It contains carbonaceous phyllite with interbeds of crystalline limestone. Its dated to the late Silurian Period.", "title": "Zusailing Formation" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frutal is a municipality in the west of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. The population, measured in 2010 by the IBGE, is of 53,468 inhabitants. The city has an area of 2,427 km. Frutal is located in the region known as the \"Triângulo Mineiro\".", "title": "Frutal" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``You're No Good ''is a song written by Clint Ballard, Jr., first performed by Dee Dee Warwick for Jubilee Records in 1963 with production by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. It has since been covered by many artists, including charting versions by Betty Everett in 1963, The Swinging Blue Jeans in 1964, and Linda Ronstadt in 1975, whose version was a number 1 hit in the United States.", "title": "You're No Good" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of New York City has been influenced by the prehistoric geological formation during the last glacial period of the territory that is today New York City. The area was long inhabited by the Lenape; after initial European exploration in the 16th century, the Dutch established New Amsterdam in 1626. In 1664, the English conquered the area and renamed it New York.", "title": "History of New York City (prehistory–1664)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Grant Lee Buffalo", "id": 619485, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Jubilee >> performer", "raw_question": "Jubilee >> performer", "statement": "Grant Lee Buffalo is the performer of the song Jubilee." }, { "answer": "Los Angeles", "id": 498071, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Grant Lee Buffalo >> location of formation", "raw_question": "#1 >> location of formation", "statement": "Grant Lee Buffalo was formed in Los Angeles." }, { "answer": "12 million", "id": 40232, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "How many inhabitants does the Los Angeles area contain?", "raw_question": "How many inhabitants does the #2 area contain?", "statement": "The Los Angeles area contains 12 million inhabitants." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Haring-Corning House is located in Rockleigh, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1741 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 8, 1985.", "title": "Haring-Corning House" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops, the suicide of Adolf Hitler and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August respectively. With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent, the possibility of additional atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, Japan formally surrendered on 2 September 1945. Thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies.", "title": "World War II" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Koekkoek was born in Middelburg as the son of Johannes Hermanus Koekkoek and was the brother of Barend Cornelis and Hermanus. His was the first teacher of his son Hendrik Pieter Koekkoek, who carried on his family's traditional style of romantic landscape painting.", "title": "Marinus Adrianus Koekkoek" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although public opinion in Paris was strongly against any form of surrender or concession to the Prussians, the Government realised that it could not hold the city for much longer, and that Gambetta's provincial armies would probably never break through to relieve Paris. President Trochu resigned on 25 January and was replaced by Favre, who signed the surrender two days later at Versailles, with the armistice coming into effect at midnight. Several sources claim that in his carriage on the way back to Paris, Favre broke into tears, and collapsed into his daughter's arms as the guns around Paris fell silent at midnight. At Tours, Gambetta received word from Paris on 30 January that the Government had surrendered. Furious, he refused to surrender and launched an immediate attack on German forces at Orleans which, predictably, failed. A delegation of Parisian diplomats arrived in Tours by train on 5 February to negotiate with Gambetta, and the following day Gambetta stepped down and surrendered control of the provincial armies to the Government of National Defence, which promptly ordered a cease-fire across France.", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eswatini, Lesotho, Botswana, Namibia, and the Republic of South Africa form the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), where import duties apply uniformly to member countries. Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa also are members of the Common Monetary Area (CMA) in which repatriation and unrestricted funds are permitted. Eswatini issues its own currency, the lilangeni (plural: emalangeni), which is at par with the South African rand.", "title": "Economy of Eswatini" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols, and had nothing to do with their ethnicity. The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols, the higher they were placed, the more the held out, the lower they were ranked. The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in. Major commerce during this era gave rise to favorable conditions for private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants.", "title": "Yuan dynasty" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The corn bunting (\"Emberiza calandra\") is a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae, a group now separated by most modern authors from the finches, Fringillidae. It is usually placed in the genus \"Emberiza\", but some taxonomists place it in the monotypic genus \"Miliaria\". The genus name \"Emberiza\" is from Old German \"Embritz\", a bunting. The specific \"calandra\" is from Ancient Greek \"kalandros\", the calandra lark.", "title": "Corn bunting" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Corning Museum of Glass is a museum in Corning, New York dedicated to the art, history and science of glass. It was founded in 1951 by Corning Glass Works and currently has a collection of more than 50,000 glass objects, some over 3,500 years old.", "title": "Corning Museum of Glass" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.", "title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "About half of the population depends on agriculture (largely subsistence agriculture) for its livelihood, but Namibia must still import some of its food. Although per capita GDP is five times the per capita GDP of Africa's poorest countries, the majority of Namibia's people live in rural areas and exist on a subsistence way of life. Namibia has one of the highest rates of income inequality in the world, due in part to the fact that there is an urban economy and a more rural cash-less economy. The inequality figures thus take into account people who do not actually rely on the formal economy for their survival. Although arable land accounts for only 1% of Namibia, nearly half of the population is employed in agriculture.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The capital city of Windhoek plays a very important role in Namibia's tourism due to its central location and close proximity to Hosea Kutako International Airport. According to The Namibia Tourism Exit Survey, which was produced by the Millennium Challenge Corporation for the Namibian Directorate of Tourism, 56% of all tourists visiting Namibia during the time period, 2012 - 2013, visited Windhoek. Many of Namibia's tourism related parastatals and governing bodies such as Namibia Wildlife Resorts, Air Namibia and the Namibia Tourism Board as well as Namibia's tourism related trade associations such as the Hospitality Association of Namibia are also all headquartered in Windhoek. There are also a number of notable hotels in Windhoek such as Windhoek Country Club Resort and some international hotel chains also operate in Windhoek, such as Avani Hotels and Resorts and Hilton Hotels and Resorts.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "South Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto 'fifth province', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa, as well as electing their own local administration the SWA Legislative Assembly. The South African government also appointed the SWA administrator, who had extensive powers. Following the League's replacement by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration (along with a definite independence schedule). The Herero Chief's Council submitted a number of petitions to the UN calling for it to grant Namibia independence during the 1950s. During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia. In 1966 the International Court of Justice dismissed a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa's mandate, while in 1971 the International Court of Justice issued an \"advisory opinion\" declaring South Africa's continued administration to be illegal.", "title": "Namibia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States that, since the 1850s, has dominated corn production in the United States. More generally, the concept of the ``Corn Belt ''connotes the area of the Midwest dominated by farming. Many towns in this area are connected to powerful farm organizations with lobbying power.", "title": "Corn Belt" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Juanita du Plessis (née Naude) is a famous Afrikaans country singer, born on 26 April in Windhoek, Namibia. She became known for her song \"Ska-Rumba\". Du Plessis' singing career began in 1998 with her debut album \"Juanita\". That year she won the CMA (Country Music Association in Namibia) awards as best singer, best songwriter and the Association’s Award for outstanding achievement.", "title": "Juanita du Plessis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anthonie Verstraelen or Van Stralen (Gorkum, 1593/1594 - Amsterdam, 1641) was a Dutch landscape painter, best known (with Hendrik Avercamp and his nephew Barend Avercamp) for his winter scenes.", "title": "Anthonie Verstraelen" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Boschmanskop No 1+2 Dam, is an earth-fill type dam on the Woes-Alleen River, near Middelburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa. It was established in 1995. Its primary purpose is flood control and it is owned by Optimum Colliery Pullen's Hope.", "title": "Boschmanskop No 1 Dam" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iowa, the largest producer of corn in the US, grows three times as much corn as Mexico. Iowa harvested 3,548 acres (1,436 ha) of sweet corn in 2007. In 2011, the state had 92,300 corn farms on 30,700,000 acres (12,400,000 ha), the average size being 333 acres (135 ha), and the average dollar value per acre being US $6,708. In the same year, there were 13.7 million harvested acres of corn for grain, producing 2.36 billion bushels, which yielded 172.0 bu / acre, with US $14.5 billion of corn value of production. Almost 1.88 billion bushels of corn were grown in the state in 2012 on 13.7 million acres of land, while the 2013 projections are 2.45 billion bushels of corn on 13.97 million acres of land.", "title": "Corn production in the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In August 1993, prior to the end of apartheid, the Multiparty Negotiating Forum in South Africa passed a resolution calling for ``the incorporation - reintegration of Walvis Bay and the Off - Shore Islands into Namibia. ''The Transfer of Walvis Bay to Namibia Act was passed by the Parliament of South Africa that year. Following the signing of a treaty between the two countries, South Africa formally transferred sovereignty of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands to Namibia on 1 March 1994.", "title": "Walvis Bay" } ]

[ { "answer": "Middelburg", "id": 539195, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Barend Cornelis Koekkoek >> place of birth", "raw_question": "Barend Cornelis Koekkoek >> place of birth", "statement": "Barend Cornelis Koekkoek was born in Middelburg." }, { "answer": "South Africa", "id": 643936, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Middelburg >> country", "raw_question": "#1 >> country", "statement": "Barend Cornelis Koekkoek was born in Middelburg, South Africa." }, { "answer": "1946", "id": 36283, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "When did South Africa refuse to surrender Namibia?", "raw_question": "When did #2 refuse to surrender Namibia?", "statement": "South Africa refused to surrender Namibia in 1946." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Until the 20th century, the language's spoken form was the language of only the upper noble classes and urban population, as Russian peasants from the countryside continued to speak in their own dialects. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [ɣ] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech.", "title": "Russian language" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roofs are traditionally constructed from Alpine rocks such as pieces of schist, gneiss or slate. Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important. The inclination of the roof cannot exceed 40%, allowing the snow to stay on top, thereby functioning as insulation from the cold. In the lower areas where the forests are widespread, wooden tiles are traditionally used. Commonly made of Norway spruce, they are called \"tavaillon\". The Alpine regions are multicultural and linguistically diverse. Dialects are common, and vary from valley to valley and region to region. In the Slavic Alps alone 19 dialects have been identified. Some of the French dialects spoken in the French, Swiss and Italian alps of Aosta Valley derive from Arpitan, while the southern part of the western range is related to Old Provençal; the German dialects derive from Germanic tribal languages. Romansh, spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland, is an ancient Rhaeto-Romanic language derived from Latin, remnants of ancient Celtic languages and perhaps Etruscan.", "title": "Alps" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beijing dialect (simplified Chinese: 北京话; traditional Chinese: 北京話; pinyin: Běijīnghuà), also known as Pekingese, is the prestige dialect of Mandarin spoken in the urban area of Beijing, China. It is the phonological basis of Standard Chinese, which is the official language in the People's Republic of China and Republic of China and one of the official languages in Singapore.", "title": "Beijing dialect" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhejiang is mountainous and has therefore fostered the development of many distinct local cultures. Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse. Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak Wu, but the Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible to the next valley a few kilometers away. Other varieties of Chinese are spoken as well, mostly along the borders; Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border with Anhui, while Min dialects are spoken on the border with Fujian. (See Hangzhou dialect, Shaoxing dialect, Ningbo dialect, Wenzhou dialect, Taizhou dialect, Jinhua dialect, and Quzhou dialect for more information).", "title": "Zhejiang" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amoy dialect (Xiamen) is a hybrid of the Quanzhou and Zhangzhou dialects. Taiwanese is also a hybrid of these two dialects. Taiwanese in northern Taiwan tends to be based on the Quanzhou variety, whereas the Taiwanese spoken in southern Taiwan tends to be based on Zhangzhou speech. There are minor variations in pronunciation and vocabulary between Quanzhou and Zhangzhou dialects. The grammar is generally the same. Additionally, extensive contact with the Japanese language has left a legacy of Japanese loanwords in Taiwanese Hokkien. On the other hand, the variants spoken in Singapore and Malaysia have a substantial number of loanwords from Malay and to a lesser extent, from English and other Chinese varieties, such as the closely related Teochew and some Cantonese.", "title": "Hokkien" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby areas are considered Tibetan dialects. Other forms, particularly Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi, are considered by their speakers, largely for political reasons, to be separate languages. However, if the latter group of Tibetan-type languages are included in the calculation, then 'greater Tibetan' is spoken by approximately 6 million people across the Tibetan Plateau. Tibetan is also spoken by approximately 150,000 exile speakers who have fled from modern-day Tibet to India and other countries.", "title": "Tibet" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a foreign language.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "There were several border conflicts between Colombia and Peru in the early part of the 20th century, and in 1922, their governments signed the Salomón-Lozano Treaty in an attempt to resolve them. As part of this treaty, the border town of Leticia and its surrounding area was ceded from Peru to Colombia, giving Colombia access to the Amazon River. On 1 September 1932, business leaders from Peruvian rubber and sugar industries who had lost land, as a result, organised an armed takeover of Leticia. At first, the Peruvian government did not recognise the military takeover, but President of Peru Luis Sánchez Cerro decided to resist a Colombian re-occupation. The Peruvian Army occupied Leticia, leading to an armed conflict between the two nations. After months of diplomatic negotiations, the governments accepted mediation by the League of Nations, and their representatives presented their cases before the Council. A provisional peace agreement, signed by both parties in May 1933, provided for the League to assume control of the disputed territory while bilateral negotiations proceeded. In May 1934, a final peace agreement was signed, resulting in the return of Leticia to Colombia, a formal apology from Peru for the 1932 invasion, demilitarisation of the area around Leticia, free navigation on the Amazon and Putumayo Rivers, and a pledge of non-aggression.", "title": "League of Nations" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some Flemish dialects are so distinct that they might be considered as separate language variants, although the strong significance of language in Belgian politics would prevent the government from classifying them as such. West Flemish in particular has sometimes been considered a distinct variety. Dialect borders of these dialects do not correspond to present political boundaries, but reflect older, medieval divisions. The Brabantian dialect group, for instance, also extends to much of the south of the Netherlands, and so does Limburgish. West Flemish is also spoken in Zeelandic Flanders (part of the Dutch province of Zeeland), and by older people in French Flanders (a small area that borders Belgium).", "title": "Dutch language" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 19th century, the Tsarist Government of the Russian Empire claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language on its own. The differences were few and caused by the conquest of western Ukraine by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, the dialects in Ukraine eventually differed substantially from the dialects in Russia.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, \"Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak\" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office. As of 2011, 62,908 Czech citizens spoke Moravian as their first language and 45,561 were diglossal (speaking Moravian and standard Czech as first languages).", "title": "Czech language" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century.", "title": "Old English" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gonja language is a North Guang language spoken by an estimated 230,000 people, almost all of whom are of the Gonja ethnic group of northern Ghana. Related to Guang languages in the south of Ghana, it is spoken by about a third of the population in the northern region. The Brong-Ahafo and Volta regions lie to the south of the Gonja-speaking area, while Dagombas, Mamprussis and Walas are to the north. Its dialects are Gonja and Choruba.", "title": "Gonja language" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "title": "Languages of Mexico" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the majority of Nigeria's populace in the rural areas, the major languages of communication in the country remain indigenous languages. Some of the largest of these, notably Yoruba and Igbo, have derived standardised languages from a number of different dialects and are widely spoken by those ethnic groups. Nigerian Pidgin English, often known simply as 'Pidgin' or 'Broken' (Broken English), is also a popular lingua franca, though with varying regional influences on dialect and slang. The pidgin English or Nigerian English is widely spoken within the Niger Delta Regions, predominately in Warri, Sapele, Port Harcourt, Agenebode, Ewu, and Benin City.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wood Frisian (West Frisian: \"Wâldfrysk\") is a dialect of the West Frisian language spoken in the eastern part of the Dutch province of Friesland, which is called \"Wâlden\" (English: \"woods\"). The dialect is also spoken in parts of Groningen, the province to the east of Friesland.", "title": "Wood Frisian" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990. 238,732 Oklahoma residents reported speaking a language other than English in the 2000 census, about 7.4% of the total population of the state. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000. The next most commonly spoken language is Cherokee, with about 22,000 speakers living within the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma. Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Wooden Heart\", created by Fred Wise, Ben Weisman, Kay Twomey and German bandleader Bert Kaempfert, was based on a German folk song by Friedrich Silcher, \"Muss i denn\", originating from the Rems Valley in Württemberg, southwest Germany. \"Wooden Heart\" features several lines from the original folk song, written in the German Swabian dialect, as spoken in Württemberg. Marlene Dietrich recorded a version of the song sometime before 1958, pre-dating Presley, in the original German language, which appears as a B-side on a 1959 version of her single \"Lili Marlene\", released by Philips in association with Columbia Records. The Elvis Presley version was published by Gladys Music, Elvis Presley's publishing company. Bobby Vinton recorded his version in 1975 with those lines translated into Polish.", "title": "Wooden Heart" } ]

[ { "answer": "the League of Nations", "id": 159612, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Who intervened with mediation for the governments?", "raw_question": "Who intervened with mediation for the governments?", "statement": "The League of Nations intervened with mediation for the governments." }, { "answer": "Switzerland", "id": 22372, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Where is the League of Nations located?", "raw_question": "Where is #1 located?", "statement": "The League of Nations is located in Switzerland." }, { "answer": "Swiss German", "id": 8111, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "What dialect of German is spoken in Switzerland ?", "raw_question": "What dialect of German is spoken in #2 ?", "statement": "Swiss German is spoken in Switzerland." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating \"Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews\" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.", "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The divisions between all these groups are approximate and their boundaries are not always clear. The Mizrahim for example, are a heterogeneous collection of North African, Central Asian, Caucasian, and Middle Eastern Jewish communities that are no closer related to each other than they are to any of the earlier mentioned Jewish groups. In modern usage, however, the Mizrahim are sometimes termed Sephardi due to similar styles of liturgy, despite independent development from Sephardim proper. Thus, among Mizrahim there are Egyptian Jews, Iraqi Jews, Lebanese Jews, Kurdish Jews, Libyan Jews, Syrian Jews, Bukharian Jews, Mountain Jews, Georgian Jews, Iranian Jews and various others. The Teimanim from Yemen are sometimes included, although their style of liturgy is unique and they differ in respect to the admixture found among them to that found in Mizrahim. In addition, there is a differentiation made between Sephardi migrants who established themselves in the Middle East and North Africa after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain and Portugal in the 1490s and the pre-existing Jewish communities in those regions.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jack Wild (30 September 1952 -- 1 March 2006) was an English actor and singer, known for his teenage performances as the Artful Dodger in Oliver! (film) (1968) and as Jimmy in the NBC children's television series H.R. Pufnstuf (1969) and accompanying 1970 feature film. He played Much the Miller's Son in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991).", "title": "Jack Wild" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Principal exteriors were shot on location in the United Kingdom. A second unit filmed the medieval walls and towers of the Cité de Carcassonne in the town of Carcassonne in Aude, France, for the portrayal of Nottingham and its castle. Locksley Castle was Wardour Castle in Wiltshire -- restored in an early shot using a matte painting. Marian's manor was filmed at Hulne Priory in Northumberland. Scenes set in Sherwood Forest were filmed throughout England: Burnham Beeches in Buckinghamshire was used for the outlaws' encampment, Aysgarth Falls in Yorkshire for the fight scene between Robin and Little John, and Hardraw Force in North Yorkshire was the location where Marian sees Robin bathing. Sycamore Gap on Hadrian's Wall was used for the scene when Robin first confronts the sheriff's men. Chalk cliffs at Seven Sisters, Sussex were used as the locale for Robin's return to England from the Crusades.", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jews in New York City comprise approximately 13 percent of the city's population, making the Jewish community the largest in the world outside of Israel. As of 2014, 1.1 million Jews live in the five boroughs of New York City, and 1.75 million Jews live in New York state overall. Jews have immigrated to New York City since the first settlement in Dutch New Amsterdam in 1654, most notably at the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century, when the Jewish population rose from about 80,000 in 1880 to 1.5 million in 1920. The large Jewish population has led to a significant impact on the culture of New York City. After many decades of decline in the 20th century, the Jewish population of New York City has seen a sharp increase in the 21st century owing to the high birth rate of the Hasidic and Orthodox communities.", "title": "Jews in New York City" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John were heavily influenced by Sir Walter Scott's historical romance, Ivanhoe, which presented \"an almost totally unfavourable picture\" of the king; the work drew on Victorian histories of the period and on Shakespeare's play. Scott's work influenced the late 19th-century children's writer Howard Pyle's book The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, which in turn established John as the principal villain within the traditional Robin Hood narrative. During the 20th century, John was normally depicted in fictional books and films alongside Robin Hood. Sam De Grasse's role as John in the black-and-white 1922 film version shows John committing numerous atrocities and acts of torture. Claude Rains played John in the 1938 colour version alongside Errol Flynn, starting a trend for films to depict John as an \"effeminate ... arrogant and cowardly stay-at-home\". The character of John acts either to highlight the virtues of King Richard, or contrasts with the Sheriff of Nottingham, who is usually the \"swashbuckling villain\" opposing Robin. An extreme version of this trend can be seen in the Disney cartoon version, for example, which depicts John, voiced by Peter Ustinov, as a \"cowardly, thumbsucking lion\". Popular works that depict John beyond the Robin Hood legends, such as James Goldman's play and later film, The Lion in Winter, set in 1183, commonly present him as an \"effete weakling\", in this instance contrasted with the more masculine Henry II, or as a tyrant, as in A. A. Milne's poem for children, \"King John's Christmas\".", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves, And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves. ''", "title": "Cleansing of the Temple" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jack Wild (30 September 1952 -- 1 March 2006) was an English actor and singer, known for his teenage performances as the Artful Dodger in Oliver!, (1968) and as Jimmy in the NBC children's television series H.R. Pufnstuf (1969) and accompanying 1970 feature film. He played Much the Miller's Son in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991).", "title": "Jack Wild" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Submission of Prince Dipo Negoro to General De Kock () is an oil painting on canvas painted by Nicolaas Pieneman between 1830 and 1835. It depicts, from a victorious Dutch colonial perspective, the capture of Prince Diponegoro in 1830, which signaled the end of the Java War (1825–1830).", "title": "The Submission of Prince Dipo Negoro to General De Kock" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's a Cop is a 1934 British comedy film directed by Maclean Rogers and starring Sydney Howard, Chili Bouchier and Garry Marsh. It was made at Elstree Studios. An incompetent police constable gets a lucky break and catches some thieves, earning promotion to sergeant.", "title": "It's a Cop" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Politics of the Business is the third album by American hip hop producer Prince Paul. This album is considered to be a concept album similar to \"A Prince Among Thieves\". The concept for this album, however, is the concept of following-up a concept album that did not sell too well (that album being \"A Prince Among Thieves\"). The album features guest appearances from Ice-T, DJ Jazzy Jeff, MF Doom, Biz Markie, Chuck D, Dave Chappelle, Chris Rock, and more.", "title": "Politics of the Business" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Poughkeepsie, Tramps and Thieves\" is the eleventh episode of the third season of the American mystery television series \"Veronica Mars\", and the fifty-fifth episode overall. Written by executive producer Diane Ruggiero and directed by John T. Kretchmer, the episode premiered on The CW on January 30, 2007. The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a college student while moonlighting as a private detective.", "title": "Poughkeepsie, Tramps and Thieves" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves is a 1991 American romantic action adventure film. The film, an iteration of the legendary English folk tale, was directed by Kevin Reynolds. The film's principal cast includes Kevin Costner as Robin Hood, Morgan Freeman as Azeem, Christian Slater as Will Scarlet, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Maid Marian, and Alan Rickman as the Sheriff of Nottingham.", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities \"showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect.\" Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude \"Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons.\"", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio (born November 17, 1958) is an American actress and singer. She made her Broadway debut in the 1980 revival of West Side Story, and went on to appear in the 1983 film Scarface as Al Pacino's character's sister, Gina Montana. For her role as Carmen in the 1986 film The Color of Money, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other film roles include The Abyss (1989), Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), and The Perfect Storm (2000). In 2003, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for the Broadway revival of Man of La Mancha.", "title": "Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thieves' Gold is a 1918 American Western film directed by John Ford and featuring Harry Carey. It is considered to be a lost film.", "title": "Thieves' Gold" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Princess of Thieves is a romantic adventure TV movie starring Keira Knightley, produced by Granada Productions in 2001 and first broadcast on \"The Wonderful World of Disney\" on ABC in the United States that same year. Co-starring in the film are Malcolm McDowell as the Sheriff, Jonathan Hyde as Prince John, Stuart Wilson as Robin Hood, Del Synnott as Froderick, and Stephen Moyer as Philip. The movie was directed by Peter Hewitt and filmed in Romania. The film's plotline draws inspiration from the classic Robin Hood legend, which has been adapted many times for screen.", "title": "Princess of Thieves" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Western Europe's largest Jewish community, and the third-largest Jewish community in the world, can be found in France, home to between 483,000 and 500,000 Jews, the majority of whom are immigrants or refugees from North African Arab countries such as Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia (or their descendants). The United Kingdom has a Jewish community of 292,000. In Eastern Europe, there are anywhere from 350,000 to one million Jews living in the former Soviet Union, but exact figures are difficult to establish. In Germany, the 102,000 Jews registered with the Jewish community are a slowly declining population, despite the immigration of tens of thousands of Jews from the former Soviet Union since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Thousands of Israelis also live in Germany, either permanently or temporarily, for economic reasons.", "title": "Jews" } ]

[ { "answer": "Robin Hood", "id": 14045, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Who was John depicted alongside?", "raw_question": "Who was John depicted alongside?", "statement": "John was depicted alongside Robin Hood." }, { "answer": "the United Kingdom", "id": 93667, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "where was Robin Hood prince of thieves made", "raw_question": "where was #1 prince of thieves made", "statement": "The movie Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves was made in the United Kingdom." }, { "answer": "292,000", "id": 21119, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "What is the population of Jews in the United Kingdom ?", "raw_question": "What is the population of Jews in #2 ?", "statement": "There are 292,000 Jews in the United Kingdom." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story, illustrated by the author, is set in England during the Middle Ages, as the Black Death (bubonic plague) is sweeping across the country. Young Robin is sent away to become a knight like his father, but his dreams are endangered when he loses the use of his legs. A doctor reassures Robin that the weakness in his legs is not caused by the plague and the doctor is supposed to come and help him but does not. His parents are away, serving the king and queen during war, and the servants abandon the house, fearing the plague. Robin is saved by Brother Luke, a friar, who finds him and takes him to a monastery and cares for him.", "title": "The Door in the Wall (novel)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ABC Bunny by Wanda Gág is a children's alphabet book which was a Newbery Honor recipient in 1934. The book is illustrated by the author in black and white, and hand lettered by her brother Howard. The music for the \"ABC Song\", included as a score in the book, was composed by the author's sister, Flavia.", "title": "ABC Bunny" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The idea of celebrating Teachers' Day took root in many countries during the 19th century; in most cases, they celebrate a local educator or an important milestone in education. This is the primary reason why countries celebrate this day on different dates, unlike many other International Days. For example, Argentina has commemorated Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's death on 11 September) since 1915; while in India Guru Purnima is traditionally observed as a day to venerate teachers, the birthday of the second president Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (5 September) is also celebrated as Teacher's Day since 1962.", "title": "List of Teachers' Days" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beith is the Irish name of the first letter of the Ogham alphabet, ᚁ, meaning \"birch\". In Old Irish, the letter name was Beithe, which is related to Welsh \"bedw(en)\", Breton \"bezv(enn)\", and Latin \"betula\". Its Proto-Indo-European root was *\"gʷet-\" 'resin, gum'. Its phonetic value is .", "title": "Beith (letter)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between the World and Me is a 2015 book written by Ta-Nehisi Coates and published by Spiegel & Grau. It is written as a letter to the author's teenage son about the feelings, symbolism, and realities associated with being Black in the United States. Coates recapitulates American history and explains to his son the \"racist violence that has been woven into American culture.\" Coates draws from an abridged, autobiographical account of his youth in Baltimore, detailing the ways in which institutions like the school, the police, and even \"the streets\" discipline, endanger, and threaten to disembody Black men and women. The work takes structural and thematic inspiration from James Baldwin's 1963 epistolary book \"The Fire Next Time\". Unlike Baldwin, Coates sees white supremacy as an indestructible force, one that Black Americans will never evade or erase, but will always struggle against.", "title": "Between the World and Me" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "St Botolph's Review was the student-made poetry journal from Cambridge University, England in 1956, which saw the first publication of Ted Hughes' poetry, at the launch of which Hughes met Sylvia Plath. The first issue appeared on 26 February 1956.", "title": "St. Botolph's Review" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Navy Department Library is the official library of the United States Department of the Navy. Located at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C., it is part of the Naval History & Heritage Command, and is a Federal Depository Library. Its 150,000 volumes are the most highly concentrated and accessible collection of literature on the United States Navy. The library traces its roots to a nineteenth-century letter from U.S. President John Adams; its catalog is online.", "title": "Navy Department Library" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moscow Elegy () is a 1988 documentary film directed by Alexander Sokurov, about the later life and death of Soviet Russian filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky. The film was originally intended to mark the 50th birthday of Tarkovsky in 1982, which would have been before his death. Controversy with Soviet authorities about the film's style and content led to significant delays in the production.", "title": "Moscow Elegy" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between the World and Me takes the form of a book - length letter from the author to his son, adopting the structure of Baldwin's The Fire Next Time; the latter is directed, in part, towards Baldwin's nephew, while the former addresses Coates's 15 - year - old son. Coates's letter is divided into three parts, recounting Coates's experiences as a young man, after the birth of his son, and during a visit with Mable Jones. Coates contemplates the feelings, symbolism, and realities associated with being black in the United States. He recapitulates the American history of violence against black people and the incommensurate policing of black youth. The book's tone is poetic and bleak, guided by his experiences growing up poor and always at risk of bodily harm. He prioritizes the physical security of African - American bodies over the tradition in black Christianity of optimism, ``uplift, ''and faith in eventual justice (i.e., being on God's side). His background, which he describes as`` physicality and chaos,'' leads him to emphasize the daily corporeal concerns he experiences as an African - American in U.S. culture. Coates's position is that absent the religious rhetoric of ``hope and dreams and faith and progress, ''only systems of white supremacy remain along with no real evidence that those systems are bound to change. In this way, he disagrees with Martin Luther King, Jr.'s optimism about integration and Malcolm X's optimism about nationalism.", "title": "Between the World and Me" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The celebration of Children's Day in India has its roots back to 1959. Prior to the death of Jawaharlal Nehru, India is celebrating Children's Day on November 20 (the date observed as Universal Children's Day by the United Nations). After the death of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, it was unanimously decided to celebrate his birthday as or Children's Day in India.", "title": "Children's Day (India)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death) for the 14th-century epidemic first appeared in modern times in 1631 in a book on Danish history by J.I. Pontanus: \"Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant. (\"Commonly and from its effects, they called it the black death\"). The name spread through Scandinavia and then Germany, gradually becoming attached to the mid 14th-century epidemic as a proper name. In England, it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "InFaith has its roots in the First Day Society (founded 1790). InFaith officially formed in 1817 as the “Sunday and Adult School Union.” In 1824, the organization changed its name to “American Sunday School Union” (ASSU). Then, in 1974, the ASSU changed its name to “American Missionary Fellowship.” It became \"InFaith\" on September 1, 2011.", "title": "InFaith" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Reconstruction era was the period from 1863 to 1877 in American history. The term has two applications: the first applies to the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the American Civil War; the second, to the attempted transformation of the 11 ex-Confederate states from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress. Reconstruction ended the remnants of Confederate nationalism and ended slavery, making the newly free slaves citizens with civil rights apparently guaranteed by three new Constitutional amendments. Three visions of Civil War memory appeared during Reconstruction: the reconciliationist vision, which was rooted in coping with the death and devastation the war had brought; the white supremacist vision, which included terror and violence; and the emancipationist vision, which sought full freedom, citizenship, and Constitutional equality for African Americans.", "title": "Reconstruction era" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tariq Luqmaan Trotter (born October 3, 1971), better known as Black Thought, is an American rapper and the lead MC of the Philadelphia-based hip hop group The Roots, as well as an occasional actor. Black Thought, who co-founded The Roots with drummer Questlove (Ahmir Thompson), is widely lauded for his live performance skills, continuous multisyllabic rhyme schemes, complex lyricism, double entendres, and politically aware lyrics. With The Roots, he is a singer and rapper on \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon,\" frequently playing games with Fallon and his guests.", "title": "Black Thought" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Third Epistle of John, often referred to as Third John and written 3 John or III John, is the antepenultimate book of the New Testament and attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two epistles of John. The Third Epistle of John is a private letter composed to a man named Gaius, recommending to him a group of Christians led by Demetrius, which had come to preach the gospel in the area where Gaius lived. The purpose of the letter is to encourage and strengthen Gaius, and to warn him against Diotrephes, who refuses to cooperate with the author of the letter.", "title": "Third Epistle of John" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Root Into Europe is an ITV comedy-drama based on the character from William Donaldson's book \"The Henry Root Letters\". Five episodes Written by Donaldson and Mark Chapman and produced by Aspect Film & TV for Central Independent Television, were first broadcast in May and June 1992. The series starred George Cole as Henry Root, and Pat Heywood as his wife, Muriel.", "title": "Root Into Europe" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fiesta de quince años (also fiesta de quinceañera, quince años and quince) is a celebration of a girl's fifteenth birthday. It has its cultural roots in Latin America but is widely celebrated today throughout the Americas. The girl celebrating her 15th birthday is a quinceañera (Spanish pronunciation: (kinseaˈɲeɾa); feminine form of ``fifteen - year - old ''). In Spanish, and in Latin American countries, the term quinceañera is reserved solely for the girl. In English, primarily in the United States, the term is used (mostly by non-Latinos) to refer to the celebrations associated with the birthday, such as when the male or female dance with the 15 - year - old and entertain the crowd.", "title": "Quinceañera" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oath of Citizenship or officially Oath of Allegiance, is a statement recited by individuals wishing to become citizens of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Individuals who wish to become a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago do so through the Ministry of National Security's Citizenship and Immigration Section. The Oath of Allegiance is a mandatory step to becoming a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago.", "title": "Trinidad and Tobago passport" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Birthday Letters, published in 1998, is a collection of poetry by English poet and children's writer Ted Hughes. Released only months before Hughes's death, the collection won multiple prestigious literary awards. This collection of eighty-eight poems is widely considered to be Hughes's most explicit response to the suicide of his estranged wife Sylvia Plath in 1963, and to their widely discussed, politicized and \"explosive\" marriage.", "title": "Birthday Letters" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term \"African\" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it would give ammunition to those who were advocating repatriating black people back to Africa. In 1835, black leaders called upon Black Americans to remove the title of \"African\" from their institutions and replace it with \"Negro\" or \"Colored American\". A few institutions chose to keep their historic names, such as the African Methodist Episcopal Church. African Americans popularly used the terms \"Negro\" or \"colored\" for themselves until the late 1960s.", "title": "Black people" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ted Hughes", "id": 647685, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Birthday Letters >> author", "raw_question": "Birthday Letters >> author", "statement": "Ted Hughes is the author of Birthday Letters." }, { "answer": "England", "id": 840421, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Ted Hughes >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Ted Hughes, the author of Birthday Letters, holds citizenship in England." }, { "answer": "1823", "id": 41097, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "When did the name black death officially take root in England ?", "raw_question": "When did the name black death officially take root in #2 ?", "statement": "The name Black Death officially took root in England in 1823." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne Marie Almedal (born 6 December 1971 in Kristiansand, Norway) is a Norwegian musician. She was lead vocalist in the band Velvet Belly (1989-2003) and has since released three solo albums.", "title": "Anne Marie Almedal" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Velvet Donkey is an album by Ivor Cutler, originally released in 1975 on Virgin Records. Cutler is joined on the record by Fred Frith who plays viola on several tracks, and by Phyllis King who reads six of her own poems and short stories and is also credited with designing the album cover.", "title": "Velvet Donkey" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While other companies were moving on to 32-bit systems, Rare and Nintendo proved that the SNES was still a strong contender in the market. In November 1994, Rare released Donkey Kong Country, a platform game featuring 3D models and textures pre-rendered on SGI workstations. With its detailed graphics, fluid animation and high-quality music, Donkey Kong Country rivaled the aesthetic quality of games that were being released on newer 32-bit CD-based consoles. In the last 45 days of 1994, the game sold 6.1 million units, making it the fastest-selling video game in history to that date. This game sent a message that early 32-bit systems had little to offer over the SNES, and helped make way for the more advanced consoles on the horizon.", "title": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Whiteley Bank is the home of the Isle of Wight Donkey Sanctuary. The Donkey Sanctuary was established in 1987 to provide a safe home for donkeys in distress. It currently houses about 200 animals. It was originally in Newport but had to be moved to Whiteley Bank to accommodate more animals. America Wood is a SSSI located between Whiteley Bank and Shanklin.", "title": "Whiteley Bank" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Swiss Armed Forces, including the Land Forces and the Air Force, are composed mostly of conscripts, male citizens aged from 20 to 34 (in special cases up to 50) years. Being a landlocked country, Switzerland has no navy; however, on lakes bordering neighbouring countries, armed military patrol boats are used. Swiss citizens are prohibited from serving in foreign armies, except for the Swiss Guards of the Vatican, or if they are dual citizens of a foreign country and reside there.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mary, the only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scotland, was six days old when her father died and she acceded to the throne. She spent most of her childhood in France while Scotland was ruled by regents, and in 1558, she married the Dauphin of France, Francis. He ascended the French throne as King Francis II in 1559, and Mary briefly became queen consort of France, until his death in December 1560. Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland, arriving in Leith on 19 August 1561. Four years later, she married her first cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, but their union was unhappy. In February 1567, his residence was destroyed by an explosion, and Darnley was found murdered in the garden.", "title": "Mary, Queen of Scots" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Velvet Revolution in late-1989, Czechoslovakia adopted the official name Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (, ; ČSFR) during the period from 23 April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This period is also referred to as the Fifth Czechoslovak Republic.", "title": "Czech and Slovak Federative Republic" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Make the World Go Away '''is a country - popular music song composed by Hank Cochran. It has become a Top 40 popular success three times: for Timi Yuro (during 1963), for Eddy Arnold (1965), and for the brother - sister duo Donny and Marie Osmond (1975). The original version of the song was recorded by Ray Price during 1963. It has remained a country crooner standard ever since.", "title": "Make the World Go Away" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Donkey Kong Country Returns is a side - scrolling platformer video game developed by Retro Studios and published by Nintendo for the Wii console. The game was released first in North America in November 2010, and in PAL regions and Japan the following month. A stereoscopic port of the game, titled Donkey Kong Country Returns 3D, was released for the Nintendo 3DS in May 2013, and in Japan the following month.", "title": "Donkey Kong Country Returns" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nick Bottom is a character in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream who provides comic relief throughout the play. A weaver by trade, he is famously known for getting his head transformed into that of a donkey by the elusive Puck. Bottom and Puck are the only two characters who converse with and progress the three central stories in the whole play. Puck is first introduced in the fairies' story and creates the drama of the lovers' story by messing up who loves whom, and places the donkey head on Bottom's in his story. Similarly, Bottom is performing in a play in his story intending it to be presented in the lovers' story, as well as interacting with Titania in the fairies' story.", "title": "Nick Bottom" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The games of the first genre are mostly single - screen platform / action puzzle types, featuring Donkey Kong as the opponent in an industrial construction setting. Donkey Kong first made his appearance in the 1981 arcade machine called Donkey Kong, in which he faced Mario, now Nintendo's flagship character. This game was also the first appearance of Mario, pre-dating the well - known Super Mario Bros. by four years. In 1994, the series was revived as the Donkey Kong Country series, featuring Donkey Kong and his clan as protagonists in their native jungle setting versus a variety of anthropomorphic enemies, usually against the Kremlings, a clan of crocodiles, and their leader King K. Rool. These are side - scrolling platform games. Titles outside these two genres have included rhythm games (Donkey Konga), racing games (Diddy Kong Racing), and edutainment (Donkey Kong Jr. Math).", "title": "Donkey Kong" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Going My Way is a 1944 American musical comedy-drama film directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Barry Fitzgerald. Based on a story by Leo McCarey, the film is about a new young priest taking over a parish from an established old veteran. Crosby sings five songs in the film, with other songs performed onscreen by Metropolitan Opera's star mezzo-soprano, Risë Stevens (in the role of a famous Metropolitan Opera performer) as well as the Robert Mitchell Boys Choir (in the role of juvenile deliquents turned into a choir). \"Going My Way\" was followed the next year by a sequel, \"The Bells of St. Mary's\".", "title": "Going My Way" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Queen\" is a 2009 pop song performed by the Swedish singer Velvet written by Tony Nilsson and Henrik Janson. It competed in the third Semi-Final of the Swedish music competition Melodifestivalen 2009 on February 21, 2009 at the Ejendals Arena, but failed to advance to the Final.", "title": "The Queen (Velvet song)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Square Biz\" is a song by American R&B singer, Teena Marie. The song was released as a single in 1981 from the album \"It Must Be Magic\". It would go on to become one of Marie's signature songs.", "title": "Square Biz" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some of the performances, as well as one of the two photography sessions for the album cover featuring Charlie Watts and a donkey, are depicted in the documentary film Gimme Shelter, and shows Jagger and Watts on a road in Birmingham, Alabama in early December 1969 posing with the donkey. The actual cover photo however was taken in early February 1970 in London, and does not originate from the 1969 session. The photo by David Bailey, featuring Watts with guitars and bass drums hanging from the neck of a donkey, was inspired by a line in Bob Dylan's song, ``Visions of Johanna '':`` Jewels and binoculars hang from the head of the mule'' (though, as mentioned, the animal in the photo is a donkey, not a mule). The band would later say ``we originally wanted an elephant but settled for a donkey ''. Watts said that his wardrobe (which includes a t - shirt with a picture of woman's breasts) was his usual stage getup along with Jagger's striped hat.", "title": "Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! The Rolling Stones in Concert" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``When The Stars Go Blue ''is a popular alternative country song composed and originally performed by solo artist and former Whiskeytown band member Ryan Adams. It was first released with his album Gold on September 25, 2001. The song has been covered by many artists, notably: Celtic band The Corrs featuring U2's lead singer Bono, country music singer Tim McGraw and Norwegian artists Venke Knutson and Kurt Nilsen as a duo. The song has also been performed live many times by Phil Lesh and Friends.", "title": "When the Stars Go Blue" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"European Son\" is a song written and performed by the American experimental rock band The Velvet Underground. It appears as the final track on their 1967 debut album \"The Velvet Underground & Nico\". It is also the album's longest track at more than seven and a half minutes.", "title": "European Son" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shrek 2 is a 2004 American computer - animated fantasy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon. It is the sequel to 2001's Shrek, with Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz reprising their respective voice roles of Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona from the first film, joined by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, and Jennifer Saunders. Sometime after the first film, Shrek, Donkey and Fiona go to visit Fiona's parents (voiced by Andrews and Cleese), while Shrek and Donkey discover that a greedy Fairy God Mother (voiced by Saunders) is plotting to destroy Shrek and Fiona's marriage so Fiona can marry her son, Prince Charming (voiced by Everett). Shrek and Donkey team up with a swashbuckling cat named Puss in Boots (voiced by Banderas) to stop her.", "title": "Shrek 2" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the main event, Roman Reigns, Seth Rollins, Bray Wyatt, Finn Bálor, and Samoa Joe competed in a fatal five - way extreme rules match to determine the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at Great Balls of Fire. After Wyatt and Joe attacked Reigns and Rollins with the steel steps, Wyatt performed a DDT on Rollins onto the steel steps. Joe applied the Coquina Clutch on Bálor, who escaped. Wyatt performed a Side Slam on Reigns onto an announce table. Joe applied the Coquina Clutch on Wyatt, but Bálor struck Joe with a chair. Reigns performed a Spear through the barricade on Bálor and Joe. Rollins performed a Frog Splash on Wyatt through an announce table. Bálor performed a Coup De Grace on Reigns, but as Bálor attempted a pin, Joe applied the Coquina Clutch on Bálor, who passed out, giving Joe the win by technical submission and becoming the number one contender for the Universal Championship.", "title": "Extreme Rules (2017)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2014 a new play, \"The Beautiful Cosmos of Ivor Cutler\", a co-production by Vanishing Point and National Theatre of Scotland, was performed.", "title": "Ivor Cutler" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ivor Cutler", "id": 771325, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Velvet Donkey >> performer", "raw_question": "Velvet Donkey >> performer", "statement": "Ivor Cutler is the performer of Velvet Donkey." }, { "answer": "Scotland", "id": 102146, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Of which country is Ivor Cutler a citizen?", "raw_question": "Of which country is #1 a citizen?", "statement": "Ivor Cutler is a citizen of Scotland." }, { "answer": "19 August 1561", "id": 56195, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "when does mary go to Scotland in reign", "raw_question": "when does mary go to #2 in reign", "statement": "Mary goes to Scotland on 19 August 1561." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city uses the strong-mayor version of the mayor-council form of government, which is headed by one mayor, in whom executive authority is vested. Elected at-large, the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms under the city's home rule charter, but can run for the position again after an intervening term. The Mayor is Jim Kenney, who replaced Michael Nutter, who served two terms from 2009 to January 2016. Kenney, as all Philadelphia mayors have been since 1952, is a member of the Democratic Party, which tends to dominate local politics so thoroughly that the Democratic Mayoral primary is often more widely covered than the general election. The legislative branch, the Philadelphia City Council, consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at large. Democrats currently hold 14 seats, with Republicans representing two allotted at-large seats for the minority party, as well as the Northeast-based Tenth District. The current council president is Darrell Clarke.", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Currently, the mayor is Jarle Skeidsvoll of the Christian Democratic Party. He was elected in 2015 and will serve until 2019. From 2003-2015, the mayor of Osterøy was Kari Foseid Aakre from the Labour Party.", "title": "Osterøy" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city is an administrative, commercial, educational, and medical centre for the surrounding region. The current Mayor of Dendermonde is Piet Buyse (Christian Democratic and Flemish).", "title": "Dendermonde" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current mayor of Rennes is Nathalie Appéré. A member of the Socialist Party, she replaced retiring Socialist incumbent Daniel Delaveau, in office from 2008 to 2014.", "title": "Rennes" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city has a Mayor and is one of the 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor. The current and 793rd Mayor of Southampton is Linda Norris. Catherine McEwing is the current and 578th sherriff. The town crier from 2004 until his death in 2014 was John Melody, who acted as master of ceremonies in the city and who possessed a cry of 104 decibels.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "András Rapcsák (14 July 1943 – 3 February 2002) was a Hungarian engineer and politician who served as mayor of Hódmezővásárhely from 1990 until his death. He was succeeded by his deputy mayor János Lázár. He had been a member of the National Assembly of Hungary since 1994.", "title": "András Rapcsák" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current mayor of Sournia is Paul Blanc, a senator, of the centre-right and right wing party UMP founded by Jacques Chirac.", "title": "Sournia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current mayor of Havana (\"President of the People's Power Provincial Assembly\") is Marta Hernández Romero, she was elected on March 5, 2011.", "title": "Havana" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard S. Caliguiri (October 20, 1931 – May 6, 1988) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1977 until his death in 1988.", "title": "Richard Caliguiri" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Damisi is an album recorded by American saxophonist Harold Land in 1972 for the Mainstream label. In Swahili \"damisi\" means \"cheerful\".", "title": "Damisi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carpina is a city in Pernambuco, Brazil. Its economy is based on commerce and footwear industry. Its current mayor is Manoel Botafogo.", "title": "Carpina" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brookport is a city in Massac County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,054 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Paducah, KY-IL Micropolitan Statistical Area. The current Mayor of Brookport, Tami Wessel, is one of nine Libertarian mayors in the United States.", "title": "Brookport, Illinois" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot. Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For thirty days after the death of a current or former president or president - elect, as occurred after the death of President Reagan and the death of President Ford. For ten days after the death of a current vice president, current or retired chief justice, or current Speaker of the House of Representatives. From the day of death until interment of an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, a secretary of an executive or military department, a former vice president, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, or the governor of a state, territory, or possession. On the day of death and the day after for a Member of Congress. On Memorial Day until noon. Every September 11 in remembrance of the September 11 attacks. Upon presidential proclamation, usually after the death of other notable figures or tragic events.", "title": "Half-mast" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Cincinnati mayoral election took place on November 7, 2017, to elect the Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio. The election was officially nonpartisan, with the top two candidates from the May 2 primary election advancing to the general election, regardless of party. Incumbent Democratic Mayor John Cranley won re-election to a second term.", "title": "2017 Cincinnati mayoral election" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Woodloch is a town in Montgomery County, Texas, United States. The population was 207 at the 2010 census. As of March 2018, the current mayor is Ralph Leino, Jr.", "title": "Woodloch, Texas" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Medieval Mayor is a city-building game set in the Middle Ages under development by Tilted Mill Entertainment. It is currently stuck, however, in development hell.", "title": "Medieval Mayor" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The number was among those played by Los Angeles artists such as Clifford Brown (trumpet), Max Roach (drums) and Harold Land (tenor sax) as part of the \"hardening\" of Jazz bop. The track is commonly known as \"Big Foot\" but was first recorded on Dial Records as \"Drifting on a Reed.\"", "title": "Drifting on a Reed" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Palace of La Paeria is the name the city hall of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain, which currently houses the city council. The see is located on Plaça de la Paeria. Lleida's mayor is called \"Paer en cap\", a term also used for Cervera's mayor. The term \"paer\" derives from Latin \"paciarum\", meaning \"man of peace\". This title was given to Lleida's mayor as a special privilege by king James I The Conqueror in 1264.", "title": "La Paeria" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mayor of the City of Los Angeles is the official head and chief executive officer of Los Angeles, California. The mayor is elected for a four - year term and limited to serving no more than two terms. Under the California Constitution, all judicial, school, county, and city offices, including those of chartered cities, are nonpartisan. The 42nd and current Mayor is Eric Garcetti.", "title": "Mayor of Los Angeles" } ]

[ { "answer": "Harold Land", "id": 488941, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Damisi >> performer", "raw_question": "Damisi >> performer", "statement": "Harold Land was the performer of Damisi." }, { "answer": "Los Angeles", "id": 300060, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Harold Land >> place of death", "raw_question": "#1 >> place of death", "statement": "Harold Land died in Los Angeles." }, { "answer": "Eric Garcetti", "id": 81574, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "who is the current mayor of Los Angeles", "raw_question": "who is the current mayor of #2", "statement": "Eric Garcetti is the current mayor of Los Angeles." } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Speeches at Prince Henry's Barriers, sometimes called The Lady of the Lake, is a masque or entertainment written by Ben Jonson in honour of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the son and heir of King James I of England. The speeches were performed on 6 January 1610 in conjunction with the ceremony known as Prince Henry's Barriers.", "title": "The Speeches at Prince Henry's Barriers" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "title": "Telman Ismailov" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Federico Degetau y González (December 5, 1862 – February 20, 1914) was a Puerto Rican politician, lawyer, writer, author, and the first Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico to the United States House of Representatives.", "title": "Federico Degetau" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims in the East Smithfield burial site in England, Schuenemann et al. concluded in 2011 \"that the Black Death in medieval Europe was caused by a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist.\" A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis from plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muhammad Ali Jinnah, then a member of the Congress as well as the League, made both the parties reach an agreement to pressure the British government to adopt a more liberal approach to India and give Indians more authority to run their country, besides safeguarding basic Muslim demands. Jinnah is seen as the mastermind and architect of this pact.", "title": "Lucknow Pact" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.", "title": "Errol Nolan" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2010, the open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death following the disputed identification by Drancourt and Raoult in 1998. They assessed the presence of DNA/RNA with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques for Y. pestis from the tooth sockets in human skeletons from mass graves in northern, central and southern Europe that were associated archaeologically with the Black Death and subsequent resurgences. The authors concluded that this new research, together with prior analyses from the south of France and Germany, \". . . ends the debate about the etiology of the Black Death, and unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages\".", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ezra Hall Gillett (1823–1875) was an American clergyman and author, born at Colchester Connecticut He graduated in 1841 at Yale, and in 1844 at the Union Theological Seminary, and became pastor of a Presbyterian church in Harlem, N. Y. In 1868 he was appointed professor of political economy, ethics, and history in New York University.", "title": "Ezra Hall Gillett" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The study also found that there were two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches) of the Y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves. These clades (which are thought to be extinct) were found to be ancestral to modern isolates of the modern Y. pestis strains Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis, suggesting the plague may have entered Europe in two waves. Surveys of plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe through the port of Marseille around November 1347 and spread through France over the next two years, eventually reaching England in the spring of 1349, where it spread through the country in three epidemics. Surveys of plague pit remains from the Dutch town of Bergen op Zoom showed the Y. pestis genotype responsible for the pandemic that spread through the Low Countries from 1350 differed from that found in Britain and France, implying Bergen op Zoom (and possibly other parts of the southern Netherlands) was not directly infected from England or France in 1349 and suggesting a second wave of plague, different from those in Britain and France, may have been carried to the Low Countries from Norway, the Hanseatic cities or another site.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "title": "Albano Carrisi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes and of His Fortunes and Adversities (Spanish: La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades (la ˈβiða ðe laθaˈɾiʎo ðe ˈtormes i ðe sus forˈtunas i aðβersiˈðaðes)) is a Spanish novella, published anonymously because of its anticlerical content. It was published simultaneously in three cities in 1554: Alcalá de Henares, Burgos and Antwerp. The Alcalá de Henares edition adds some episodes which were probably written by a second author.", "title": "Lazarillo de Tormes" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chloridia: Rites to Chloris and Her Nymphs was the final masque that Ben Jonson wrote for the Stuart Court. It was performed at Shrovetide, 22 February 1631, with costumes, sets and stage effects designed by Inigo Jones.", "title": "Chloridia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Amor Clandestino\" (English: \"Clandestine Love\") is the second single from Mexican Latin pop/Rock en Español band Maná's eighth studio album \"Drama y Luz\". The song is produced by Fher Olvera & Alex González. The song reached number-one on the Hot Latin Songs chart. The song also reached number-one on the Mexican Airplay Charts according to \"Billboard\" International.", "title": "Amor Clandestino" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``A Country Boy Can Survive ''is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr. The song was released as a single in January 1982 and reached a peak of number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles charts in March 1982. It is considered one of Williams' signature songs even though it never reached number one.", "title": "A Country Boy Can Survive" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anselmo Alliegro y Milá (March 16, 1899 – November 22, 1961) was a Cuban politician who served as the Acting President of Cuba for one day (January 1–2, 1959) after the departure of General Fulgencio Batista from the country.", "title": "Anselmo Alliegro y Milá" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A variety of alternatives to the Y. pestis have been put forward. Twigg suggested that the cause was a form of anthrax, and Norman Cantor (2001) thought it may have been a combination of anthrax and other pandemics. Scott and Duncan have argued that the pandemic was a form of infectious disease that characterise as hemorrhagic plague similar to Ebola. Archaeologist Barney Sloane has argued that there is insufficient evidence of the extinction of a large number of rats in the archaeological record of the medieval waterfront in London and that the plague spread too quickly to support the thesis that the Y. pestis was spread from fleas on rats; he argues that transmission must have been person to person. However, no single alternative solution has achieved widespread acceptance. Many scholars arguing for the Y. pestis as the major agent of the pandemic suggest that its extent and symptoms can be explained by a combination of bubonic plague with other diseases, including typhus, smallpox and respiratory infections. In addition to the bubonic infection, others point to additional septicemic (a type of \"blood poisoning\") and pneumonic (an airborne plague that attacks the lungs before the rest of the body) forms of the plague, which lengthen the duration of outbreaks throughout the seasons and help account for its high mortality rate and additional recorded symptoms. In 2014, scientists with Public Health England announced the results of an examination of 25 bodies exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London, as well as of wills registered in London during the period, which supported the pneumonic hypothesis.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The dominant explanation for the Black Death is the plague theory, which attributes the outbreak to Yersinia pestis, also responsible for an epidemic that began in southern China in 1865, eventually spreading to India. The investigation of the pathogen that caused the 19th-century plague was begun by teams of scientists who visited Hong Kong in 1894, among whom was the French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin, after whom the pathogen was named Yersinia pestis. The mechanism by which Y. pestis was usually transmitted was established in 1898 by Paul-Louis Simond and was found to involve the bites of fleas whose midguts had become obstructed by replicating Y. pestis several days after feeding on an infected host. This blockage results in starvation and aggressive feeding behaviour by the fleas, which repeatedly attempt to clear their blockage by regurgitation, resulting in thousands of plague bacteria being flushed into the feeding site, infecting the host. The bubonic plague mechanism was also dependent on two populations of rodents: one resistant to the disease, which act as hosts, keeping the disease endemic, and a second that lack resistance. When the second population dies, the fleas move on to other hosts, including people, thus creating a human epidemic.", "title": "Black Death" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century.", "title": "Black Death in England" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.", "title": "Citizenship Clause" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ben Jonson", "id": 400877, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Chloridia >> author", "raw_question": "Chloridia >> author", "statement": "Ben Jonson is the author of Chloridia." }, { "answer": "England", "id": 252578, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Ben Jonson >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Ben Jonson was from England." }, { "answer": "1349", "id": 41113, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "When did the y. pestis reach England ?", "raw_question": "When did the y. pestis reach #2 ?", "statement": "The Y. pestis reached England in 1349." } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first defence minister of independent India was Baldev Singh, who served in Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet during 1947 -- 52. Nirmala Sitharaman, the current defence minister of India is the second woman since Indira Gandhi to hold this major post.", "title": "Minister of Defence (India)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ralph Everard Gonsalves (born 8 August 1946) is a Vincentian politician. He currently serves as the 4th Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and leader of the Unity Labour Party (ULP).", "title": "Ralph Gonsalves" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Westminster, Dan Snow is the youngest son of Peter Snow, BBC television journalist, and Canadian Ann MacMillan, managing editor emeritus of CBC's London Bureau; thus he holds dual British-Canadian citizenship. Through his mother, he is the nephew of Canadian historian Margaret MacMillan and also a great-great-grandson of British Prime Minister David Lloyd George.", "title": "Dan Snow" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of The Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas, currently Hubert Minnis. Minnis, as leader of the governing Free National Movement party (FNM), He was sworn in as Prime Minister on 11 May 2017, succeeding Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) leader Perry Christie. This was a result of the FNM's victory in the Bahamas general election of May 10, 2017. The Prime Minister is formally appointed into office by the Governor General of the Bahamas, who represents Elizabeth II, the Queen of the Bahamas (The Bahamian Head of State).", "title": "Prime Minister of the Bahamas" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister (informally abbreviated to PM) and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, most of whom are government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The office is one of the Great Offices of State. The current holder of the office, Theresa May, leader of the Conservative Party, was appointed by the Queen on 13 July 2016.", "title": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tun Rahah binti Mohamed Noah (born 11 June 1933) is the widow of former Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak and the mother of former Prime Minister Najib Razak. She is the daughter of Mohamad Noah Omar, former Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat.", "title": "Rahah Noah" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maja Gojković (Serbian Cyrillic: Маја Гојковић; born 22 May 1963 in Novi Sad) is a Serbian politician and current President of the National Assembly of Serbia. She served as minister without portfolio and Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia under the Slobodan Milošević regime.", "title": "Maja Gojković" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rana Saddam Hussein () (born 1969) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein and his first wife, Sajida Talfah. Her older sister is Raghad and younger sister is Hala Hussein.", "title": "Rana Hussein" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Janson was the father of future Prime Minister of Belgium Paul-Émile Janson and Marie Janson (later Spaak), first female member of the Belgian parliament, mother of Prime Minister Paul-Henri Spaak.", "title": "Paul Janson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Christian Watson (born John Christian Tanck; 9 April 186718 November 1941), commonly known as Chris Watson, was an Australian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Australia. He was the first Prime Minister from the Australian Labour Party, and led the world's first Labour Party government, indeed the world's first socialist or social democratic government, at a national level. From paternal German and maternal British ancestry, he is the only Australian Prime Minister not born in a Commonwealth country.", "title": "Chris Watson" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marisol Touraine (; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime Minister Manuel Valls, and under Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve.", "title": "Marisol Touraine" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.", "title": "Prime minister" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sam Rainsy's father, Sam Sary, had served as a minister in the education, planning and finance portfolios before becoming a Deputy Prime Minister in Sihanouk's government in the 1950s. Sam Rainsy's mother, In Em, was said to be the first Cambodian woman to have completed the Baccalauréat exam. Sam Sary fled the country in 1959 when Sam Rainsy was ten for suspected involvement in the Bangkok Plot, while his mother was thrown into prison. Sam Rainsy's grandfather, Sam Nhean had served as the President of the Royal Council of Cambodia and was a prominent member of the Democratic Party in the 1940s.", "title": "Sam Rainsy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Queen has had over 160 individuals serve as her realms' prime ministers throughout her reign, the first new appointment being Dudley Senanayake as Prime Minister of Ceylon and the most recent being Scott Morrison as Prime Minister of Australia. Several of the Queen's prime ministers from various realms have been appointed for life to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.", "title": "List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. The Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority. Nouri al - Maliki (formerly Jawad al - Maliki) was selected to be Prime Minister on 21 April 2006. On 14 August 2014 al - Maliki agreed to step down as prime minister of Iraq to allow Haider al - Abadi to take his place.", "title": "Prime Minister of Iraq" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ghazaliya (Arabic: الغزالية) is a neighborhood in the western outskirts of Baghdad, Iraq, in the city's Mansour district. To the north of Ghazaliya is the neighborhood of Al-Shu'ala, to the east is Al-Adel, to the south is Al Khadhraa, and to the west is Abu Ghraib. It is a working-class neighborhood of about 100,000 residents. Ghazaliya is situated around six major streets that all end at farms that formerly belonged to Uday Hussein, the son of Saddam Hussein.", "title": "Ghazaliya" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miloš Zeman (; born 28 September 1944) is a Czech politician serving as the third and current President of the Czech Republic since 8 March 2013. He previously served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2002. As Leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party during the 1990s, he transformed his party into one of the country's major political forces. Zeman was Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Czech parliament, from 1996 until he became Prime Minister two years later in 1998.", "title": "Miloš Zeman" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Uday Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti () (18 June 1964 – 22 July 2003) was the eldest child of Saddam Hussein by his first wife, Sajida Talfah, and the brother of Qusay Hussein. Uday was seen, for several years, as the likely successor to his father, but lost the place as heir apparent to Qusay due to injuries he sustained in an assassination attempt, his increasingly erratic behavior, and his troubled relationship with the family.", "title": "Uday Hussein" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Canada, a premier is the head of government of a province or territory. Though the word is merely a synonym for \"prime minister\", it is employed for provincial prime ministers to differentiate them from the Prime Minister of Canada. There are currently ten provincial premiers and three territorial premiers. These persons are styled \"The Honourable\" only while in office, unless they are admitted to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, in which case they retain the title even after leaving the premiership.", "title": "Premier (Canada)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Sajida Talfah", "id": 231402, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Uday Hussein >> mother", "raw_question": "Uday Hussein >> mother", "statement": "Sajida Talfah is Uday Hussein's mother." }, { "answer": "Iraq", "id": 434245, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Sajida Talfah >> country of citizenship", "raw_question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "statement": "Sajida Talfah holds citizenship of Iraq." }, { "answer": "Haider al - Abadi", "id": 87543, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "who is the current prime minister of Iraq", "raw_question": "who is the current prime minister of #2", "statement": "Haider al-Abadi is the current prime minister of Iraq." } ]

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