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14 But if a man schemes and acts willfully against his neighbor to kill him, you must take him away from My altar to be put to death. 15 Whoever strikes his father or mother must surely be put to death. 16 Whoever kidnaps another man must be put to death, whether he sells him or the man is found in his possession. 17 Anyone who curses a   his father or mother must sur ely be put to death. b 18 If men are quarreling and one strikes the other with a stone or a fist, and he does not die but is confined to bed, 19 then the one who struck him shall go unpunished, as long as the other can get up and walk around outside with his staff. Nevertheless, he must compensate the man for his lost work and see that he is completely healed. 20 If a man strikes his manservant or maid- servant with a rod, and the servant dies by his hand, he shall surely be punished. 21 However, if the servant gets up after a day or two, the owner shall not be punished, since the servant is his property. 22 If men who are fighting strike a pregnant woman and her child is born prematurely,c   but there is no further injury, he shall surely be fined as the woman 's husband demands and as the court allows. 23 But if a serious in-jury results, then you must require a life for a life— 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth,d   hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, and stripe fo r stripe. 26 If a man strikes and blinds the eye of his manservant or maidservant, he must let the servant go free as compensation for the eye. 27 And if he knocks out the tooth of his man-servant or maidservant, he must let the ser- vant go free as compensation for the tooth. 28 If an ox e   gores a man or woman to death, the ox must surely be stoned, and its meat must not be eaten. But the owner of the ox shall not be held responsible. 29 But if the ox has a habit of goring, and its owner has bee n warned yet does not restrain it, and it kills a man or woman, then the ox must be stoned and its owner must also be put to death. 30 If payment is demanded of him instead, he may redeem his life by paying the full amount demanded of him. 31 If the ox gores a son or a daughter, it shall be done to him according to the same rule. 32 If the ox gores a manservant or maid- servant, the owner must pay thirty shekels of silver   f  to the master of that servant, and the ox mus t be stoned. 33 If a man opens or digs a pit and fails to cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls into it, 34 the owner of the pit shall make restitution; he must pay its owner, and the dead animal will be his. 35 If a man's ox injures his neighbor's ox and it dies, they must sell the live one and divide the proceeds; they also must divide the dead ani-mal. 36 But if it was known that the ox had a habit of goring, yet its owner failed to restrain it, he shall pay full compensation, ox for ox, and the dead animal will be his. Property Laws “If a man steals an ox g   or a sheep and slaughters or sells it, he must repay five oxen for an ox and four sheep for a sheep. 22 Exodus 22: 1 | 93 a 17 Or dishonors or reviles   b 17 Cited in Matthew 15:4 and Mark 7:10 c 22 Or she has a miscarriage   d 24 Cited in Matthew 5:38 e 28 Or a bull  ; also in verses 2 9-36 f 32 30 shekels is approximately 12 ounces or 342 grams of silver. g 1 Or a bull or a cow  ; also in verses 4, 9, and 10

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2 If a thief is caught breaking in and is beaten to death, no one shall be guilty of bloodshed. 3 But if it happens after sunrise, there is guilt for his bloodshed. A thief must make full restitution; if he has nothing, he himself shall be sold for his theft. 4 If what was stolen is actually found alive in his possession —whether ox or donkey or sheep —he must pay back double. 5 If a man grazes his livestock in a field or vine-yard and allows them to stray so that they graze in someone else's field, he must make restitution from the best of his own field or vineyard. 6 If a fire breaks out and spreads to thorn-bushes so that it consumes stacked or stand-ing grain, or the whole field, the one who started the fire must make full restitution. 7 If a man gives his neighbor money or goods for safekeeping and they are stolen from the neighbor's house, the thief, if caught, must pay back double. 8 If the thief is not found, the owner of the house must appear before the judges a   to determine whether he has taken his neighbor's property. 9 In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any lost item that someone claims, 'This is mine,' both par-ties shall bring their cases before the judges. The one whom the judges find guilty b   must pay back double to his neighbor. 10 If a man gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to be cared for by his neigh-bor, but it dies or is injured or stolen while no one is watching, 11 an oath before the LORD shall be made between the parties to deter-mine whether or not the man has taken his neighbor's property. The owner must accept the oath and require no restitution. 12 But if the animal was actually stolen from the neighbor, he must make restitution to the owner. 13 If the animal was torn to pieces, he shall bring it as evide nce; he need not make restitu-tion for the torn carcass. 14 If a man borrows an animal from his neigh-bor and it is injured or dies while its owner is not present, he must make full restitution. 15 If the owner was present, no restitution is re-quired. If th e animal was rented, the fee covers the loss. Laws of Social Responsibility 16 If a man seduces a virgin who is not pledged in marriage and sleeps with her, he must pay the full dowry for her to be his wife. 17 If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, the man still must pay an amount comparable to the bridal price of a virgin. 18 You must not allow a sorceress to live. 19 Whoever lies with an animal must surely be put to death. 20 If anyone sacrifices to any god other than the LORD alone, he must be set apart for destruction. c   21 You must not exploit or oppress a foreign resident, for you yourselves were foreigners in the land of Egypt. 22 You must not mistreat any widow or orphan. 23 If you do mistreat them, and they cry out to Me in distress, I will surely hear their cry. 24 My anger will be kindled, and I will kill you with the sword; then your wives will become widows and your children will be fatherless. 25 If you lend money to one of My people among you who is poor, you must not act as a 94 | Exodus 22: 2 a 8 Or before God  ; also in verse 9 b 9 Or whom God condemns   c 20 Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering.

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creditor to him; you are not to charge him in-terest. 26 If you take your neighbor's cloak as collat-eral, return it to him by sunset, 27 because h is cloak is the only covering he has for his body. What else will he sleep in? And if he cries out to Me, I will hear, for I am compassionate. 28 You must not blaspheme God or curse the ruler of your people. a   29 You must not hold back offerings from your granaries or vats. You are to give Me the firstborn of your sons. 30 You shall do likewise with your cattle and your sheep. Let them stay with their mothers for seven days, but on the eighth day you are to give th em to Me. 31 You are to be My holy people. You must not eat the meat of a mauled animal found in the field; you are to throw it to the dogs. Justice and Mercy “You shall not spread a false report. Do not join the wicked by being a ma-licious witness. 2 You shall not follow the crowd in wrong- doing. When you testify in a lawsuit, do not pervert justice by siding with the crowd. 3 And do not show favoritism to a poor man in his lawsuit. 4 If you encounter your enemy's stray ox or donkey, you must retu rn it to him. 5 If you see the donkey of one who hates you fallen under its load, do not leave it there; you must help him with it. 6 You shall not deny justice to the poor in their lawsuits. 7 Stay far away from a false accusa-tion. Do not kill the innocent or the just, for I will not acquit the guilty. 8 Do not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds those who see and twists the words of the righteous. 9 Do not oppress a foreign resident, since you yourselves know how it feels to be foreigners; for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. Sabbath Laws (Leviticus 25:1-7 ; Deuteronomy 15:1-6) 10 For six years you are to sow your land and gather its produce, 11 but in the seventh year you must let it rest and lie fallow, so that the poor among your people may eat from the field and the wild animals may consume what they leave. Do the same with your vineyard and olive grove. 12 For six days you are to do your work, but on the seventh day you must cease, so that your ox and your donkey may rest and the son of your maidservant may be refreshed, as well as the foreign resident. 13 Pay close attention to everything I have said to you. You must not invoke the names of other gods; they must not be heard on your lips. The Three Feasts of Pilgrimage (Leviticus 23:1-3) 14 Three times a year you are to celebrate a feast to Me. 15 You are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread b   as I commanded you: At the appointed time in the month of Abib c   you are to eat un-leavened bread for seven days, because that was the month you came out of Egypt. No one may appear before Me empty-handed. 16 You are also to keep the Feast of Harvest d   with the firstfruits of the produce from wha t you sow in the field. 23 Exodus 23: 16 | 95 a 28 LXX or speak evil about the ruler of your people  ; cited in Acts 23:5 b 15 That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:1 4-20. c 15 Abib was the first month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of March and April. d 16 That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Weeks (see Exodus 34:22) or the Feast of Pen-tecost (see Acts 2:1).

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And keep the Feast of Ingathering a   at the end of the year, when you gather your produce from the field. 17 Three times a year all your males are to ap-pear before the Lord GOD. 18 You must not offer the blood of My sacri-fices with anything leavened, nor may the fat of My feast remain until morning. 19 Bring the best of the firstfruits of your soil to the house of the LORD your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother's milk. God's Angel to Lead (Deuteronomy 7:1 2-26) 20 Behold, I am sending an angel before you to protect you along the way and to bring you to the place I have prepared. 21 Pay attention to him and listen to his voice; do not defy him, for he will not forgive rebellion, since My Name is in him. 22 But if y ou will listen carefully to his voice and do everything I say, I will be an enemy to your enemies and a foe to your foes. 23 For My angel will go before you and bring you into the land of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I will annihilate them. 24 You must not bow down to their gods or serve them or follow their practices. Instead, you are to demolish them and smash their sacred stones to pieces. 25 So you shall serve the LORD your God, and He will bless b   your bread and your water. And I will take away sickness from among you. 26 No woman in your land will miscarry or be barren; I will fulfill the number of your days. 27 I will send My terror ah ead of you and throw into confusion every nation you en-counter. I will make all your enemies turn and run. 28 I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way. 29 I will not drive them out before you in a sin-gle year; otherwise the land would become desolate and wild animals would multiply against you. 30 Little by little I will drive them out ahead of you, until you become fruitful and possess the land. 31 And I will establish your borders from the Red Se a c   to the Sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the Euphrates. d   For I will deliver the inhabitants into your hand, and you will drive them out before you. 32 You shall make no covenant with them or with their gods. 33 They must not remain in your land, lest they cause you to sin against Me. For if you serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to you. ” The Covenant Sealed Then the LORD said to Moses, “Come up to the LORD —you and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of Israel's el-ders —and you are to worship at a distance. 2 Moses alone shall approach the LORD, but the others must not come near. And the people may not go up with him. ” 3 When Moses came and told the people all the words and ordinances of the LORD, they all re-sponded with one voice: “All the words that the LORD has spoken, we will do. ” 4 And Moses wrote down all the words of the LORD. Early the next morning he got up and built an altar at the base of the mountain, along with twelve pillars for the twelve tribes of Israel. 24 96 | Exodus 23: 17 a 16 That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is later called the Feast of Tabernacles (or Booths or Shelters  ). b 25 LXX and Vulgate I will bless   c 31 Or the Sea of Reeds   d 31 Hebrew th e River

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5 Then he sent out some young men of Israel, and they offered burnt offerings and sacrificed young bulls as peace offerings to the LORD. 6 Moses took half of the blood and put it in bowls, and the other half he sprinkled on the altar. 7 Then he took the Book of the Covenant and read it to the people, who replied, “All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient. ” 8 So Moses took the blood, sprinkled it on the people, and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you in accordance with all these words. ”  a   9 Then Moses went up with Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel, 10 and they saw the God of Israel. Under His feet was a work like a pavement made of sap-phire, as clear as the sky itself. 11 But God did not lay His hand on the nobles of Israel; they saw Him, and they ate and drank. Moses on the Mountain 12 Then the LORD s aid to Moses, “Come up to Me on the mountain and stay here, so that I may give you the tablets of stone, with the law and commandments I have written for their instruction. ” 13 So Moses set out with Joshua his attendant and went up on the mountain of God. 14 And he said to the elders, “Wait here for us until we return to you. Aaron and Hur are here with you. Whoever has a dispute can go to them. ” 15 When Moses went up on the mountain, the cloud covered it, 16 and the glory of the LORD settled on Mount Sinai. For six days the cloud covered it, and on the seventh day the LORD called to Moses from within the cloud. 17 And the sight of the glory of the LORD was like a consuming fire on the mountaintop in the eyes of the Israelites. 18 Moses entered the cloud as he went up on the mountain, and he remained on the moun-tain forty days and forty nights. Offerings for the Tabernacle (Exodus 35: 4-9) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Tell the Israelites to bring Me an offering. You are to receive My offering from every man whose heart compels him. 3 This is the offering you are to accept from them: gold, silver, and bronze; 4 blue, purple, and scarlet yarn; fine linen and goat hair; 5 ram skins dyed red and fine leather; b acacia wood; 6 olive oil for the light; spices for the anointing oil and for the fragrant incense; 7 and onyx stones and gemstones to be mounted on the ephod and breastpiece. 8 And they are to make a sanctuary for Me, so that I may dwell among them. 9 You must make the tabernacle and design all its furnish-ings according to the pattern I show you. The Ar k of the Covenant (Exodus 37: 1-5) 10 And they are to construct an ark of acacia wood, two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit and a half high. c   11 Over-lay it with pure gold both inside and out, and make a gol d molding around it. 25 Exodus 25: 11 | 97 a 8 Cited in Hebrews 9:20 b 5 Possibly the hides of large aquatic mammals c 10 The ark was approximately 3. 75 feet long, 2. 25 feet wide, and 2. 25 feet high (114. 3 centimeters long, 68. 6 centimeters wide, and 68. 6 centimeters high).

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12 Cast four gold rings for it and fasten them to its four feet, two rings on one side and two on the other. 13 And make poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold. 14 Insert the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark, in order to carry it. 15 The poles are to remain in the rings of the ark; they must not be removed. 16 And place inside the ark the Testimony,a   which I will give you. The Mercy Seat (Exodus 37: 6-9) 17 And you are to construct a mercy seat b   of pure gold, two and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide. c   18 Make two cherubim of hammered gold at the ends of the mercy seat, 19 one cherub on one end and one on the other, all made from one piece of gold. 20 And the cherubim are to have wings that spread upward, overshadowing the mercy seat. The cherubim are to f ace each other, looking toward the mercy seat. 21 Set the mercy seat atop the ark, and put the Testimony that I will give you into the ark. 22 And I will meet with you there above the mercy seat, between the two cherubim that are over the ark of the Tes timony; d   I will speak with you about all that I command you regarding the Israelites. The Table of Showbread (Exodus 37:1 0-16 ; Leviticus 24:5-9) 23 You are also to make a table of acacia wood two cubits long, a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high. e   24 Overlay it with pure gold and make a gold molding around it. 25 And make a rim around it a handbreadth wide f  and put a gold molding on the rim. 26 Make four gold rings for the table and fasten them to the four corners at its four legs. 27 The rings are to be close to the rim, to serve as holders for the poles used to carry the table. 28 Make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold, so that the table may be car-ried with them. 29 You are also to make the plates and dishe s, as well as the pitchers and bowls for pouring drink offerings. Make them out of pure gold. 30 And place the Bread of the Presence on the table before Me at all times. The Lampstand (Exodus 37:1 7-24 ; Numbers 8:1-4) 31 Then you are to make a lampstand of pure, hammered gold. It shall be made of one piece, including its base and shaft, its cups, and its buds and petals. 32 Six branches are to extend from the sides of the lampstand —three on one side and three on the other. 33 There are to be three cups shaped like almond blossoms on the first branch, each with buds and petals, three on the next branch, and the same for all six branches that extend from the lampstand. 34 And on the lampstand there shall be four cups shaped like almond blossoms with buds and petals. 35 For the six branches that extend from the lampstand, a bud must be under the first pair of branches, a bud under the second pair, and a bud under the third pair. 36 The buds and branches are to be all of one piece with the lampstand, hammered out of pure gold. 37 Make seven lamps and set them up on the lampstand so that they illuminate the area in 98 | Exodus 25: 12 a 16 The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments; also in verses 21 and 22. b 17 Or an atonement cover  ; here and throughout Exodus c 17 The mercy seat was approximately 3. 75 feet long and 2. 25 feet wide (114. 3 ce ntimeters long and 68. 6 centimeters wide). d 22 That is, the ark of the cove-nant   e 23 The table was approximately 3 feet long, 1. 5 feet wide, and 2. 25 feet high (91. 4 centimeters long, 45. 7 centi-meters wide, and 68. 6 centimeters high). f 25 A handbreadth is approximately 2. 9 inches or 7. 4 centimeters.

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front of it. 38 The wick trimmers and their trays must be of pure gold. 39 The lampstand and all these utensils shall be made from a tal-ent of pure gold. a   40 See to it that you make everything accord-ing to the pattern shown you on the moun-tain. b The Ten Curtains for the Tabernacle (Exodus 36: 8-13) “You are to construct the tabernacle itself with ten curtains of finely spun linen, each with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and cherubim skillfully worked into them. 2 Each curtain shall be twenty-eight cubits long and four cubits wide c  —all curtains the same size. 3 Five of the curtains are to be joined together, and the other five joined as well. 4 Make loops of blue material on the edge of the end curtain in the first set, and do the same for the end curtain in the second set. 5 Make fifty loops on one curtain and fifty loops on the end curtain of the second set, so that the loops line up opposite one another. 6 Make fifty gold clasps as well, and join the curtains together with the clasps, so that the tabernacle will be a unit. The Eleven Curtains of Goat Hair (Exodus 36:1 4-19) 7 You are to make curtains of goat hair for the tent over the tabernacle —eleven curtains in all. 8 Each of the eleven curtains is to be the same size —thirty cubits long and four cubits wide. d   9 Join five of the curtains into one set and the other six into another. Then fold the sixth cur-tain over double at the front of the tent. 10 Make fifty loops along the edge of the end curtain in the first set, and fifty loops along the edge of the corresp onding curtain in the second set. 11 Make fifty bronze clasps and put them through the loops to join the tent to-gether as a unit. 12 As for the overlap that remains of the tent curtains, the half curtain that is left over shall hang down over the back of the tabernacle. 13 And the tent curtains will be a cubit e   longer on either side, and the excess will hang over the sides of the tabernacle to cover it. 14 Also make a covering for the tent out of ram skins dyed red, and over that a covering of fine leather. f The Frames and Bases (Exodus 36:2 0-34) 15 You are to construct upright frames of aca-cia wood for the tabernacle. 16 Each frame is to be ten cubits long and a cubit and a half wide. g 17 Two tenons h   must be connected to each other for each frame. Make all the frames of the tabernacle in this way. 18 Construct twenty frames for the south side of the tabernacle, 19 with forty silver bases un-der the twenty frames —two bases for each frame, one under eac h tenon. 20 For the second side of the tabernacle, the north side, make twenty frames 21 and forty silver bases —two bases under each frame. 26 Exodus 26: 21 | 99 a 39 A talent is approximately 75. 4 pounds or 34. 2 kilograms of gold. b 40 Cited in Hebrews 8:5 c 2 Each of the ten curtains was approximately 42 feet long and 6 feet wide (12. 8 meters long and 1. 8 meters wide). d 8 Each of the eleven curtains was approximately 45 feet long and 6 feet wide (13. 7 meters long and 1. 8 meters wide). e 13 A cubit is approximately 18 inches or 45. 7 centimeters. f 14 Possibly the hides of large aquatic mam-mals g 16 Each frame was approximately 15 feet long and 2. 25 feet wide (4. 6 meters long and 68. 6 centimeters wide). h 17 That is, projecting pieces of wood made for insertion into another piece; similarly in verse 19.

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22 Make six frames for the rear of the taber-nacle, the west side, 23 and two frames for the two back corners of the tabernacle, 24 coupled together from bottom to top and fitted into a single ring. These will serve as the two cor-ners. 25 So there are to be ei ght frames and sixteen silver bases —two under each frame. 26 You are also to make five crossbars of acacia wood for the frames on one side of the taber-nacle, 27 five for those on the other side, and five for those on the rear side of the taber-nacle, to t he west. 28 The central crossbar in the middle of the frames shall extend from one end to the other. 29 Overlay the frames with gold and make gold rings to hold the crossbars. Also overlay the crossbars with gold. 30 So you are to set up the tabernacle accord-ing to the pattern shown you on the mountain. The Veil (Exodus 36:3 5-36) 31 Make a veil of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely spun linen, with cherubim skillfully worked into it. 32 Hang it with gold hooks on four posts of acacia wood, overla id with gold and standing on four silver bases. 33 And hang the veil from the clasps and place the ark of the Testimony a   behind the veil. So the veil will separate the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place. b 34 Put the mercy seat on the ark of the Testi-mony in the Most Holy Place. 35 And place the table outside the veil on the north side of the tabernacle, and put the lampstand opposite the table, on the south side. The Curtain for the Entrance (Exodus 36:3 7-38) 36 For the entrance to the tent, you are to make a curtain embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely spun linen. 37 Make five posts of acacia wood for the curtain, over-lay them with gold hooks, and cast five bronze bases for them. The Bronze Altar (Exodus 38: 1-7) “You are to build an altar of acacia wood. The altar must be square, five cubits long, five cubits wide, and three cubits high. c   2 Make a horn on each of its four cor-ners, so that the horns are of one piece, and overlay it with bronze. 3 Make all its utensils of bronze —its pots for removing ashes, its shovels, its sprinkling bowls, its meat forks, and its firepans. 4 Con-struct for it a grate of bronze mesh, and make a bronze ring at each of the four corners of the mesh. 5 Set the grate beneath the ledge of the altar, so that the mesh comes halfway up the altar. 6 Additionally, make poles of acacia wood for the altar and overlay them with bronze. 7 The poles are to be inserted into the rings so that the poles are on two sides of the altar when it is carried. 8 Construct the altar with boards so that it is hollow. It is to be made just as you were shown on the mountain. The Courtyard (Exodus 38:9-20) 9 You are also to make a courtyard for the tab-ernacle. On the south side of the courtyard 27 100 | Exodus 26: 22 a 33 That is, the ark of the covenant  ; also in verse 34 b 33 Or the Holy of Holies  ; also in verse 34 c 1 The altar was approximately 7. 5 feet in length and width, and 4. 5 feet high (2. 3 meters in length and width, and 1. 4 meters high).

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make curtains of finely spun linen, a hundred cubits long a   on one side, 10 with twenty posts and twenty bronze bases, and silver hooks and bands on the posts. 11 Likewise there are to be curtains on the north side, a hundred cubits long, with twenty posts and twenty bronze bases, and with silver hooks and bands on the posts. 12 The curtains on the west side of the courtyard shall be fifty cubits wide,b   with ten posts and ten bases. 13 The east side of the courtyard, toward the sunrise, is to be fifty cubits wide. 14 Make the curtains on one side fifteen cubits long,c   with three posts and three bases, 15 and the cur-tains on the other side fifteen cubits long, with three posts and three bases. 16 The gate of the courtyard shall be twenty cubits long,d   with a curtain embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely spun linen. It shall have four posts and four bases. 17 All the post s around the courtyard shall have silver bands, silver hooks, and bronze bases. 18 The entire courtyard shall be a hun-dred cubits long and fifty cubits wide,e   with curtains of finely spun linen five cubits high,f and with bronze bases. 19 All the utensils of the tabernacle for every use, including all its tent pegs and the tent pegs of the courtyard, shall be made of bronze. The Oil for the Lamps (Leviticus 24:1-4) 20 And you are to command the Israelites to bring you pure oil of pressed olives for the light, to keep the lamps burning continually. 21 In the Tent of Meeting, outside the veil that is in front of the Testimony,g   Aaron and his sons are to tend the lamps before the LORD from evening until morning. This is to be a permanent statute for the Israelites for the generations to come. Garments for the Priests “Next, have your brother Aaron brought to you from among the Israelites, along with his sons Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar, to serve Me as priests. 2 Make holy garments for your brother Aaron, to give him glory and splendor. 3 You are to instruct all the skilled craftsmen, whom I have filled with a spirit of wisdom, to make garments for Aaron's consecration, so that he may serve Me as priest. 4 These are the garments that they shall make: a breastpiece, an ephod, a robe, a woven tunic, a turban, and a sash. They are to make these holy garments for your brot her Aaron and his sons, so that they may serve Me as priests. 5 They shall use gold, along with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and fine linen. The Ephod (Exodus 39:1-7) 6 They are to make the ephod of finely spun linen embroidered with gold, and with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn. 7 It shall have two shoulder pieces attached at two of its corners, so it can be fastened. 8 And the skillfully woven waistband of the ephod must be of one piece, of the same workmanship —with gold, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and with finely spun linen. 28 a 9 100 cubits is approximately 150 feet or 45. 7 meters; also in verse 11. b 12 50 cubits is approximately 75 feet or 22. 9 meters; also in verse 13. c 14 15 cubits is approximately 22. 5 feet or 6. 9 meters; also in verse 15. d 16 20 cubits is approximately 30 f eet or 9. 1 meters. e 18 The courtyard was approximately 150 feet long and 75 feet wide (45. 7 meters long and 22. 9 meters wide). f 18 5 cubits is approximately 7. 5 feet or 2. 3 meters. g 21 The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments. Exodus 28: 8 | 101

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9 Take two onyx stones and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel: 10 six of their names on one stone and the remaining six on the other, in the order of their birth. 11 En-grave the names of the sons of Israel on the two stones the way a gem cutter engraves a seal. Then mount the stones in gold filigree settings. 12 Fasten both stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear their names on his two shoulders as a memorial before the LORD. 13 Fashion gold filigree settings 14 and two chains of pure gold, made of braided cord work; and attach these chains to the settings. The Breastpiece (Exodus 39:8-21) 15 You are also to make a breastpiece of judg-ment with the same workmanship as the ephod. Construct it with gold, with blue, pur-ple, and scarlet yarn, and with finely spun linen. 16 It must be square when folded over double, a span long and a span wide. a   17 And mount on it a setting of gemstones, four rows of stones: b In the first row there shall be a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald; 18 in the second row a turquoise, a sapphire, and a diamond; 19 in the third row a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst; 20 and in the fourth row a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. Mount these stones in gold filigree settings. 21 The twelve stones are to correspond to the names of the sons of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes. 22 For the breastpiece, make braided chains like cords of pure gold. 23 You are also to make two gold rings and fa sten them to the two cor-ners of the breastpiece. 24 Then fasten the two gold chains to the two gold rings at the corners of the breastpiece, 25 and fasten the other ends of the two chains to the two filigree settings, attaching them to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front. 26 Make two more gold rings and attach them to the other two corners of the breastpiece, on the inside edge next to the ephod. 27 Make two additional gold rings and attach them to the bottom of the two shoulder pieces of the ep hod, on its front, near its seam just above its woven waistband. 28 The rings of the breastpiece shall be tied to the rings of the ephod with a cord of blue yarn, so that the breastpiece is above the waistband of the ephod and does not swing out from th e ephod. 29 Whenever Aaron enters the Holy Place, he shall bear the names of the sons of Israel over his heart on the breastpiece of judgment, as a continual reminder before the LORD. 30 And place the Urim and Thummim c   in the breastpiece of judgment, so that they will also be over Aaron's heart whenever he comes before the LORD. Aaron will continually carry the judgment of the sons of Israel over his heart before the LORD. Addition al Priestly Garments (Exodus 39:2 2-31) 31 You are to make the robe of the ephod en-tirely of blue cloth, 32 with an opening at its top in the center. Around the opening shall be 102 | Exodus 28: 9 a 16 The breastpiece, when folded over, was approximately 9 inches or 22. 9 centimeters in both length and width. b 17 The precise identification of some of these gemstones is uncertain. c 30 Literally Lights and Perfections  

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a woven collar with an opening like that of a garment,a   so that it will not tear. 33 Make pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn all the way around the lower hem, with gold bells between them, 34 alternating the gold bells and pomegranates around the lower hem of the robe. 35 Aaron must wear the robe whenever he ministers, and its sound will be heard when he enters or exits the sanctuary before the LORD, so that he will not die. 36 You are to make a plate of pure gold and engrave on it as on a seal: HOLY TO THE LORD. b 37 Fasten to it a blue cord to mount it on the turban; it shall be on the front of the turban. 38 And it will be worn on Aaron's forehead, so that he may bear the iniquity of the holy things that the sons of Israel consecrate with regard to all their holy gifts. It shall always be on his forehead, so that they may be acceptable be-fore the LORD. 39 You are to weave the tunic with fine linen, make the turban of fine linen, and fashion an embroidered sash. 40 Make tunics, sashes, and headbands for Aaron's sons, to give them glory and splendor. 41 After you put these garments on your brother Aaron and his sons, anoint them, or-dain them, and consecrate them so that they may serve Me as priests. 42 Make linen undergarments to cover their bare flesh, extending from waist to thigh. 43 Aaron and his sons must wear them when-ever they enter the Tent of Meeting or approach the altar to minister in the Holy Place, so that they will not incur guilt and die. This is to be a permanent statute for Aaron and his descendants. Consecration of the Priests (Leviticus 8:1-13) “Now this is what you are to do to consecrate Aaron and his sons to serve Me as priests: Take a young bull and two rams without blemish, 2 along with unleav-ened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil. Make them out of fine wheat flour, 3 put them in a basket, and present them in the basket, along with the bull and the two rams. 4 Then present Aaron and his sons at the en-trance to the Tent of Meeting and wash them with water. 5 Take the garments and clothe Aaron wit h the tunic, the robe of the ephod, the ephod itself, and the breastplate. Fasten the ephod on him with its woven waistband. 6 Put the turban on his head and attach the holy diadem to the turban. 7 Then take the anointing oil and anoint him by pouring it o n his head. 8 Present his sons as well and clothe them with tunics. 9 Wrap the sashes around Aaron and his sons and tie headbands on them. The priesthood shall be theirs by a permanent statute. In this way you are to ordain Aaron and his sons. The Order of the Sacrifices (Leviticus 8:2 2-36) 10 You are to present the bull at the front of the Tent of Meeting, and Aaron and his sons are to lay their hands on its head. 11 And you shall slaughter the bull before the LORD at the en-trance to the Tent of Meeting. 12 Take some of the blood of the bull an d put it on the horns of the altar with your finger; then pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar. 29 Exodus 29: 12 | 103 a 32 The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain; possibly a coat of mail  . b 36 That is, the LORD

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13 Take all the fat that covers the entrails and the lobe of the liver, and both kidneys with the fat on them, and burn them on the altar. 14 But burn the flesh of the bull and its hide and dung outside the camp; it is a sin offering. a   15 Take one of the rams, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on its head. 16 You are to slaughter the ram, take its blood, and sprinkle it on all sides of the altar. 17 Cut the ram into pieces, wash the entrails and legs, and place them with its head and other pieces. 18 Then burn the entire ram on the altar; it is a burnt offering to the LORD, a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD. 19 Take the second ram, and Aaron and his sons are to lay their hands on its head. 20 Slaughter the ram, take some of its blood, and put it on the right earlobes of Aaron and his sons, on the thumbs of their right hands, and on the big toes of their right feet. Sprinkle the remaining blood on all sides of the altar. 21 And take some of the blood on the alt ar and some of the anointing oil and sprinkle it on Aaron and his garments, as well as on his sons and their garments. Then he and his garments will be consecrated, as well as his sons and their garments. 22 Take the fat from the ram, the fat tail, the fat covering the entrails, the lobe of the liver, both kidneys with the fat on them, and the right thigh (since this is a ram for ordination), 23 along with one loaf of bread, one cake of bread mad e with oil, and one wafer from the basket of unleavened bread that is before the LORD. 24 Put all these in the hands of Aaron and his sons and wave them before the LORD as a wave offering. 25 Then take them from their hands and burn them on the altar atop the burnt offering as a pleasing aroma before the LORD; it is an offering made by fire to the LORD. 26 Take the breast of the ram of Aaron's ordi-nation and wave it before the LORD as a wave offering, and it will be your portion. 27 Conse-crate for Aaron and his sons the breast of the wave offering that is waved and the thigh of the heave offeri ng that is lifted up from the ram of ordination. 28 This will belong to Aaron and his sons as a regular portion from the Israelites, for it is the heave offering the Isra-elites will make to the LORD from their peace offerings. 29 The holy garments that belong to Aaron will belong to his sons after him, so they can be anointed and ordained in them. 30 The son who succeeds him as priest and enters the Tent of Meeting to minister in the Holy Place must wear them for seven days. Food for the Priests 31 You are to take the ram of ordination and boil its flesh in a holy place. 32 At the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, Aaron and his sons are to eat the meat of the ram and the bread that is in the basket. 33 They must eat those things by which atonement was made for their ordi-nation and consecration. But no outsider may eat them, because these things are sacred. 34 And if any of the meat of ordination or any bread is left until the morning, you are to burn up the remainder. It must not be eaten, be-cause it is sacred. 35 This is what you are to do for Aaron and his sons based on all that I have commanded you, taking seven days to ordain them. 36 Sacrifice a bull as a sin offering each day for atonement. Purify the altar by making atonement for it, and anoint it to consecrate it. 37 For seven days you shall make atonement for the altar and consecrate it. Then the altar will become most holy; whatever touches the altar will be holy. 104 | Exodus 29:13 a 14 Or purification offering  ; also in verse 36

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The Dail y Offerings (Numbers 28:1-8) 38 This is what you are to offer regularly on the altar, each day: two lambs that are a year old. 39 Offer one lamb in the morning and the other at twilight. a   40 With the first lamb offer a tenth of an ephah of fine flour,b   mixed with a quarter hin of oil from pressed olives,c   and a drink of-fering of a quarter hin of wine. 41 And offer the second lamb at twilight with the same grain offering and drink offering as in the morning, as a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD. 42 For the generations to come, this burnt of-fering shall be made regularly at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting before the LORD, where I will meet you to speak with you. 43 I will also meet with the Israelites there, and that place will be consecrated by My glory. 44 So I will consecrate the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and I will consecrate Aaron and his sons to serve Me as priests. God Will Dwell among the People 45 Then I will dwell among the Israelites and be their God. 46 And they will know that I am the LORD their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt so that I might dwell am ong them. I am the LORD their God. The Altar of Incense (Exodus 37:2 5-29) “You are also to make an altar of aca-cia wood for the burning of incense. 2 It is to be square, a cubit long, a cubit wide, and two cubits high. d   Its horns must be of one piece. 3 Overlay with pure gold the top and all the sides and horns, and make a molding of gold around it. 4 And make two gold rings below the molding on opposite sides to hold the poles used to carry it. 5 Make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold. 6 Place the altar in front of the veil that is before the ark of the Testimony e  —before the mercy seat that is over the Testimony —where I will meet with you. 7 And Aaron is to burn fragrant incense on it every morning when he tends the lamps. 8 When Aaron sets up the lamps at twilight,f  he must burn the incense perpetually before the LORD for the genera-tions to come. 9 On this altar you must not offer unauthorized g   incense or a burnt offer-ing or grain offering; nor are you to pour a drink offering on it. 10 Once a year Aaron shall make atonement on the horns of the altar. Throughout your gener-ations he shall make atonement on it annually with the blood of the sin offering  h   of atone-ment. The altar is most holy to the LORD. ” The Census Offering (2 Samuel 24: 1-9 ; 1 Chronicles 21:1-6) 11 Then the LORD said to Moses, 12 “When you take a census of the Israelites to number them, each man must pay the LORD a ransom for his life when he is counted. Then no plague will come upon them when they are numbered. 13 Everyone who crosses over to those counted must pay a half shekel,i  according to the sanctuary shekel, which weighs twenty gerahs. j  This half shekel is an offering to the LORD. 30 Exodus 30: 13 | 105 a 39 Hebrew between the two evenings  ; also in verse 41 b 40 A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2. 2 liters (probably about 2. 6 pounds or 1. 2 kilograms of flour). c 40 Hebrew a quarter hin of pressed oil  ; that is, approxi-mately 0. 97 quarts or 0. 92 liters d 2 The altar was approximately 1. 5 feet in length and widt h, and 3 feet high (45. 7 centimeters in length and width, and 91. 4 centimeters high). e 6 That is, the ark of the covenant  ; also in verse 26 f 8 Hebrew between the two evenings   g 9 Or strange   h 10 Or purification offering   i 13 A half shekel is approximately 0. 2 ounces or 5. 7 grams; also in verse 15. j 13 20 gerahs is equivalent to one shekel (approximately 0. 4 ounces or 11. 4 grams).

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14 Everyone twenty years of age or older who crosses over must give this offering to the LORD. 15 In making the offering to the LORD to atone for your lives, the rich shall not g ive more than a half shekel, nor shall the poor give less. 16 Take the atonement money from the Israelites and use it for the service of the Tent of Meeting. It will serve as a memorial for the Israelites before the LORD to make atonement for your lives. ” The Bronze Basin (Exodus 38:8) 17 And the LORD said to Moses, 18 “You are to make a bronze basin with a bronze stand for washing. Set it between the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and put water in it, 19 with which Aaron and his sons are to wash their hands and feet. 20 Whenever they enter the Tent of Meeting or approach the altar to minister by presenting an offering made by fire to the LORD, they must wash with water so that they will not die. 21 Thus they are to wash their hands and feet so that they will not die; this shall be a permanent statute for Aaron and his descendants for the generations to come. ” The Anointing Oil 22 Then the LORD said to Moses, 23 “Take the finest spices: 500 shekels of liquid myrrh,a   half that amount (250 shekels) of fragrant cinnamon,b   250 shekels of fragrant cane,c   24 500 shekels of cassia d —all according to the sanctuary shekel —and a hin of olive oil. e 25 Prepare from these a sacred anointing oil, a fragrant blend, t he work of a perfumer; it will be a sacred anointing oil. 26 Use this oil to anoint the Tent of Meeting, the ark of the Testimony, 27 the table and all its utensils, the lampstand and its utensils, the al-tar of incense, 28 the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, and the basin with its stand. 29 You are to consecrate them so that they will be most holy. Whatever touches them shall be holy. 30 Anoint Aaron and his sons and conse-crate them to serve Me as priests. 31 And you are to tell the Israelites, 'This will be My sacred anointing oil for the generations to come. 32 It must not be used to anoint an ordinary man, and you must not make any-thing like it with the same formula. It is holy, and it must be holy to you. 33 Anyone who mixes perfume like it or puts it on an outsider shall be cut off from his people. '  ” The Incense 34 The LORD also said to Moses, “Take fragrant spices— gum resin, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense —in equal measures, 35 and make a fragrant blend of incense, the work of a perfumer, seasoned with salt, pure and holy. 36 Grind some of it into fine powder and place it in front of the Testimony f  in the Tent of Meeting, where I will meet with you. It shall be most holy to you. 37 You are never to use this formula to make incense for yourselves; you shall regard it as holy to the LORD. 38 Anyone who makes something like it to enjoy its fra-grance shall be cut off from his people. ” Bezale l and Oholiab (Exodus 35:3 0-35) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “See, I have called by name Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. 3 And I have filled him with the Spirit of God, with skill, ability, and knowledge in all kinds of craftsmanship, 4 to design artistic wor ks in 31 106 | Exodus 30: 14 a 23 500 shekels is approximately 12. 6 pounds or 5. 7 kilograms of myrrh. b 23 250 shekels is approximately 6. 3 pounds or 2. 9 kilograms of cinnamon. c 23 250 shekels is approximately 6. 3 pounds or 2. 9 kilograms of cane. d 24 500 shekels is approximately 12. 6 pounds or 5. 7 kilograms of cassia. e 24 A hin is approximately 0. 97 gal-lons or 3. 67 liters of olive oil. f 36 The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments.

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gold, silver, and bronze, 5 to cut gemstones for settings, and to carve wood, so that he may be a master of every craft. 6 Moreover, I have selected Oholiab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, as his assistant. I have also given skill to all the craftsmen, that they may fashion all that I have commanded you: 7 the Tent of Meeting, the ark of the Testi-mony a   and the mercy seat upon it, and all the other furnishings of the tent — 8 the table with its utensils, the pure gold lampstand with all its utensils, the altar of incense, 9 the altar of burnt offering with all its utensils, and the basin with its stand— 10 as well as the woven garments, both the holy garments for Aaron the priest and the garments for his sons to serve as priests, 11 in addition to the anointing oil and fragrant incense for the Holy Place. They are to make them according to all that I have commanded you. ” The Sign of the Sabbath (Numbers 15:3 2-36) 12 And the LORD said to Moses, 13 “Tell the Is-raelites, 'Surely you must keep My Sabbaths, for this will be a sign between Me and you for the generations to come, so that you may know that I am t he LORD who sanctifies you. 14 Keep the Sabbath, for it is holy to you. Any-one who profanes it must surely be put to death. Whoever does any work on that day must be cut off from among his people. 15 For six days work may be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, holy to the LORD. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day must surely be put to death. 16 The Israelites must keep the Sabbath, cele-brating it as a permanent covenant for the generations to come. 17 It is a sign between Me and the Israelites forever; for in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, but on the seventh day He rested and w as re-freshed. '  ” Moses Receives the Tablets 18 When the LORD had finished speaking with Moses on Mount Sinai, He gave him the two tablets of the Testimony, tablets of stone in-scribed by the finger of God. The Golden Calf (Deuteronomy 9:7-29 ; Acts 7:39-43) Now when the people saw that Moses was delayed in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and said, “Come, make us gods who will go before us. As for this Moses who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him!”  b 2 So Aaron told them, “Take off the gold ear-rings that are on your wives and sons and daughters, and bring them to me. ” 3 Then all the people took off their gold ear-rings and brought them to Aaron. 4 He took the gold from their hands, and with an engraving tool he fashioned it into a molten calf. And they said, “These, O Israel, are your gods, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!” 5 When Aaron saw this, he built an altar before the calf and proclaimed: “Tomorrow shall be a feast to the LORD. ” 6 So the next day they arose, offered burnt offerings, and presented peace offerings. And the people sat down to eat and drink, and got up to indulge in revelry. c   7 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go down at once, for your people, whom yo u brought up out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted them-selves. 8 How quickly they have turned aside from the way that I commanded them! They have made for themselves a molten calf and 32 Exodus 32: 8 | 107 a 7 That is, the ark of the covenant   b 1 Cited in Acts 7:40 c 6 Or to play  ; cited in 1 Corinthians 10:7

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have bowed down to it. They have sacrificed to it and said, 'These, O Israel, are your gods, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt. '  ” 9 The LORD also said to Moses, “I have seen this people, and they are indeed a stiff-necked people. 10 Now leave Me alone, so that My anger may burn against them and consume them. Then I will make you into a great nation. ” 11 But Moses sought the favor of the LORD his God, saying, “O LORD, why does Your anger burn against Your people, whom You brought out of the land of Egypt with great power and a mighty hand? 12 Why should the Egyptians declare, 'He brought them out with evil intent, to kill them in the mountains and wipe them from the face of the earth'? Turn from Your fierce anger and relent from doing harm to Your people. 13 Remember Your servants Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, to whom You swore by Your very self when You declared, 'I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky, and I will give your de-scendants all this land that I have promised, and it shall be their inheritance forever. '  ” 14 So the LORD relented from the calamity He had threatened to bring on His people. 15 Then Mos es turned and went down the mountain with the two tablets of the Testi-mony in his hands. They were inscribed on both sides, front and back. 16 The tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writ-ing of God, engraved on the tablets. 17 When Joshu a heard the sound of the people shouting, he said to Moses, “The sound of war is in the camp. ” 18 But Moses replied: “It is neither the cry of victory nor the cry of defeat; I hear the sound of singing!” 19 As Moses approached the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, he burned with anger and threw the tablets out of his hands, shatter-ing them at the base of the mountain. 20 Then he took the calf they had made, burned it in the fire, ground it to powder, and scattered the powder over the face of the water. Then he forced the Israelites to drink it. 21 “What did this people do to you,” Moses asked Aaron, “that you have led them into so great a sin?” 22 “Do not be enraged, my lord,” Aaron replied. “You yourse lf know that the people are intent on evil. 23 They told me, 'Make us gods who will go before us. As for this Moses who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him!' 24 So I said to them, 'Whoever has gold, let him take it off,' and they gave it to me. And when I threw it into the fire, out came this calf!” 25 Moses saw that the people were out of con-trol, for Aaron had let them run wild and be-come a laughingstock a   to their enemies. 26 So Moses stood at the entrance to the camp and said, “Whoever is for the LORD, come to me. ” And all the Levites gathered around him. 27 He told them, “This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: 'Each of you men is to fas-ten his sword to his side, go back and forth through the camp from gate to gate, and slay his brother, his friend, and his neighbor. '  ” 28 The Levites did as Moses commanded, and that day about three thousand of the people fell dead. 29 Afterward, Moses said, “Today you have been ordained b   for service to the LORD, since each man went against his son and his brother; so the LORD has bestowed a blessing on you this day. ” 108 | Exodus 32: 9 a 25 Or and become an object of derision   b 29 Or have ordaine d yourselves  

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30 The next day Moses said to the people, “You have committed a great sin. Now I will go up to the LORD; perhaps I can make atonement for your sin. ” 31 So Moses returned to the LORD and said, “Oh, what a great sin these people have com-mitted! They have made gods of gold for them-selves. 32 Yet now, if You would only forgive their sin.  .  .  . But if not, please blot me out of the book that You have written. ” 33 The LORD replied to Moses, “Whoever has sinned against Me, I will blot out of My book. 34 Now go, lead the people to the place I de-scribed. Behold, My ange l shall go before you. But on the day I settle accounts, I will punish them for their sin. ” 35 And the LORD sent a plague on the people because of what they had done with the calf that Aaron had made. The Command to Leave Sinai (Deuteronomy 1: 1-8) Then the LORD said to Moses, “Leave this place, you and the people you brought up out of the land of Egypt, and go to the land that I promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob when I said, 'I will give it to your descendants. ' 2 And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. 3 Go up to a land flowing with milk and honey. But I will not go with you, because you are a stiff-necked people; otherwise, I might destroy you on the way. ” 4 When the people heard these bad tidings, they went into mourning, and no one put on any of his jewelry. 5 For the LORD had said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites, 'You are a stiff-necked people. If I should go with you for a single moment, I would destroy you. Now take off your jewelry, and I will decide what to do with you. '  ” 6 So the Israelites stripped themselves of their jewelry from Mount Horeb onward. a   The Tent of Meeting 7 Now Moses used to take the tent and pitch it at a distance outside the camp. He called it the Tent of Meeting, and anyone inquiring of the LORD would go to the Tent of Meeting outside the camp. 8 Then, whenever Moses went out to the tent, all the people would stand at the en-trances to their own tents and watch Moses until he entered the tent. 9 As Moses entered the tent, the pillar of cloud would come down and remain at the entrance, and the LORD would speak with Moses. 10 When all the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance to the tent, they would stand up and worship, each one at the entrance to his own tent. 11 Thus the LORD would speak to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. Then Mo-ses would return to the camp, but his young assistant Joshua son of Nun would not leave the tent. The Promis e of God's Presence 12 Then Moses said to the LORD, “Look, You have been telling me, 'Lead this people up,' but You have not let me know whom You will send with me. Yet You have said, 'I know you by name, and you have found favor i n My sight. ' 13 Now if indeed I have found favor in Your sight, please let me know Your ways, that I may know You and find favor in Your sight. Remember that this nation is Your people. ” 14 And the LORD answered, “My Presence will go with you, and I will give you rest. ” 33 Exodus 33: 14 | 109 a 6 That is, from Mount Sinai onward, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai

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15 “If Your Presence does not go with us,” Mo-ses replied, “do not lead us up from here. 16 For how then can it be known that Your people and I have found favor in Your sight, unless You go with us? How else will we be distinguished from all the other people on the face of the earth?” 17 So the LORD said to Moses, “I will do this very thing you have asked, for you have found favor in My sight, and I know you by name. ” 18 Then Moses said, “Please show me Your glory. ” 19 “I will cause all My goodness to pass before you,” the LORD replied, “and I will proclaim My name —the LORD —in your presence. I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion. ”  a   20 But He added, “You cannot see My face, for no one can see Me and live. ” 21 The LORD continued, “There is a place near Me where you are to stand upon a rock, 22 and when My glory passes by, I will put you in a cleft of the rock and cover you with My hand until I have passed by. 23 Then I will take My hand away, and you will see My back; but My face must not be seen. ” New Stone Tablets (Deuteronomy 10: 1-11) Then the LORD said to Moses, “Chisel out two stone tablets like the origi-nals, and I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke. 2 Be ready in the morning, and come up on Mount Sinai to present yourself before Me on the mountaintop. 3 No one may go up with you; in fact, no one may be seen anywhere on the mountain —not even the flocks or herds may graze in front of the mountain. ” 4 So Moses chiseled out two stone tablets like the originals. He rose early in the morning, and taking the two stone tablets in his hands, he went up Mount Sinai as the LORD had com-manded him. 5 And the LORD descended in a cloud, stood with him there, and proc laimed His name, the LORD. 6 Then the LORD passed in front of Moses and called out: “The LORD, the LORD God, is co mpassionate and gracious, slow to anger, ab ounding in loving devotion and faithfulness, 7 maintaining loving devotion to a thousand generations,b forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin. Yet He will by no means leave the guilty unp unished; He will visit the iniquity of the fathers on their children and grandchildren to th e third and fourth generations. ” 8 Moses immediately bowed down to the ground and worshiped. 9 “O Lord,” he said, “if I have indeed found favor in Your sight, my Lord, please go with us. Although this is a stiff-necked people, forgive our iniquity and sin, and take us as Your inheritance. ” The LORD Renews the Covenant (2 Corinthians 3:7-18) 10 And the LORD said, “Behold, I am making a covenant. Before all your people I will perform wonders that have never been done in any nation in all the world. All the people among whom you live will see the LORD's work, for it is an awesome thing that I am doing with you. 11 Observe what I command you this day. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, 34 110 | Exodus 33:15 a 19 Cited in Romans 9:15 b 7 Hebrew to thousands  

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Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. 12 Be careful not to make a treaty a   with the in-habitants of the land you are entering, lest they become a snare in your midst. 13 Rather, you must tear down their altars, smash their sacred stones, and chop down their Asherah poles. 14 For you must not worship any other god, for the LORD, w hose name is Jealous, is a jealous God. 15 Do not make a covenant with the inhab- itants of the land, for when they prostitute themselves to their gods and sacrifice to them, they will invite you, and you will eat their sacrifices. 16 And when you take s ome of their daughters as brides for your sons, their daughters will prostitute themselves to their gods and cause your sons to do the same. 17 You shall make no molten gods for your-selves. 18 You are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. b   For seven days at the appointed time in the month of Abib,c   you are to eat unleav-ened bread as I commanded you. For in the month of Abib you came out of Egypt. 19 The first offspring of every womb belongs to Me, including all the firstborn males among your livestock, whether cattle or sheep. 20 You must redeem th e firstborn of a donkey with a lamb; but if you do not redeem it, you are to break its neck. You must redeem all the firstborn of your sons. No one shall appear before Me empty-handed. 21 Six days you shall labor, but on the seventh day you shall rest; even in the seasons of plow-ing and harvesting, you must rest. 22 And you are to celebrate the Feast of Weeks d   with the firstfruits of the wheat har-vest, and the Feast of Ingathering e   at the turn of the year. 23 Three times a year all your males are to appear before the Lord GOD, the God of Israel. 24 For I will drive out the nations before you and enlarge your borders, and no one will covet your land when you go up three times a year to appear before the LORD your God. 25 Do not offer the blood of a sacrifice to Me along with anything leavened, and do not let any of the sacrifice from the Passover Feast remain until morning. 26 Bring the best of the firstfruits of your soil to the house of the LORD your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother's milk. ” 27 The LORD also said to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel. ” 28 So Moses was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant —the Ten Command-ments. f 29 And when Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the Testimony in his hands, he was unaware that his face had become radiant from speaking with the LORD. 30 Aaron and all the Israelites looked at Moses, and behold, his face was radiant. An d they were afraid to approach him. Exodus 34: 30 | 111 a 12 Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant  . b 18 That is, the seven-day period af-ter the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14-20. c 18 Abib was the first month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring wit hin the months of March and April; twice in this verse. d 22 That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Pentecost (see Acts 2:1). e 22 That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jeru-salem; it is later called the Feast of Tabernacles (or Booths or Shelters  ). f 28 Hebrew the Ten Words  

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31 But Moses called out to them; so Aaron and all the leaders of the congregation returned to him, and Moses spoke to them. 32 And after this all the Israelites came near, and Moses commanded them to do everything that the LORD had told him on Mount Sinai. 33 When Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face. 34 But when-ever Moses went in before the LORD to speak with Him, he would remove the veil until he came out. And when he came out, he would tell the Israelites what he had been commanded, 35 and the Israelites would see that the face of Moses was radiant. So Moses would put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak with the LORD. The Sabbath Then Moses assembled the whole congregation of Israel and said to them, “These are the things that the LORD has commanded you to do: 2 For six days work may be done, but the seventh day shall be your holy day, a Sabbath of complete rest to the LORD. Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death. 3 Do not light a fire in any of your dwellings on the Sabbath day. ” Offerings for the Tabernacle (Exodus 25:1-9) 4 Moses also told the whole congregation of Is-rael, “This is what the LORD has commanded: 5 Take from among you an offering to the LORD. Let everyone whose heart is willing bring an offering to the LORD: gold, silver, and bronze; 6 blue, purple, and scarlet yarn; fine linen and goat hair; 7 ram skins dyed red and fine leather; a   acacia wood; 8 olive oil for the light; spices for the anointing oil and for the fra-grant incense; 9 and onyx stones and gemstones to be mounted on the ephod and breastpiece. The Skilled Craftsmen 10 Let every skilled craftsman among you come and make everything that the LORD has commanded: 11 the tabernacle with its tent and cover-ing, its clasps and frames, its crossbars, posts, and bases; 12 the ark with its poles and mercy seat, and the veil to shield it; 13 the table with its poles, all its utensils, and the Bread of the Presence; 14 the lampstand for light with its accesso-ries and lamps and oil for the light; 15 the altar of incense with its poles; the anointing oil and fragrant incense; the curtain for the doorway at the entrance to the tabernacle; 16 the altar of burnt offering with its bronze grate, its poles, and all its utensils; the basin with its stand; 17 the curtains of the courtyard with its posts and bases, and the curtain for the gate of the courtyard; 18 the tent pegs for the tabernacle and for the courtyard, along with their ropes; 19 and the woven garments for minister-ing in the holy place— both the holy garments for Aaron the priest and the gar-ments for his sons to serve as priests. ” 35 112 | Exodus 34:31 a 7 Possibly the hides of large aquatic mammals; also in verse 23

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The Peopl e Offer Gifts 20 Then the whole congregation of Israel with-drew from the presence of Moses. 21 And everyone whose heart stirred him and whose spirit prompted him came and brought an offering to the LORD for the work on the Tent of Meeti ng, for all its services, and for the holy garments. 22 So all who had willing hearts, both men and women, came and brought brooches and ear-rings, rings and necklaces, and all kinds of gold jewelry. And they all presented their gold as a wave offering to the LORD. 23 Everyone who had blue, purple, or scarlet yarn, or fine linen, goat hair, ram skins dyed red, or articles of fine leather, brought them. 24 And all who could present an offering of silver or bronze brought it as a contribution to the LORD. A lso, everyone who had acacia wood for any part of the service brought it. 25 Every skilled woman spun with her hands and brought what she had spun: blue, purple, or scarlet yarn, or fine linen. 26 And all the skilled women whose hearts were stirred spun t he goat hair. 27 The leaders brought onyx stones and gem-stones to mount on the ephod and breastpiece, 28 as well as spices and olive oil for the light, for the anointing oil, and for the fragrant incense. 29 So all the men and women of the Israelites who se hearts prompted them brought a freewill offering to the LORD for all the work that the LORD through Moses had com-manded them to do. Bezale l and Oholiab (Exodus 31:1-11) 30 Then Moses said to the Israelites, “See, the LORD has called by name Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. 31 And He has filled him with the Spirit of God, with skill, ability, and knowledge in all kinds of crafts-manship, 32 to design artistic works in gold, silver, and bronze, 33 to cut gemstones for set-tings, and to carve wood, so that he may be a master of every artistic craft. 34 And the LORD has given both him and Ohol-iab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, the ability to teach others. 35 He has filled them with skill to do all kinds of work as engravers, designers, embroiderers in blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine linen, and as weavers — as artistic designers of every kind of craft. The People Bring More than Enough “So Bezalel, Oholiab, and every skilled person are to carry out every-thing commanded by the LORD, who has given them skill and ability to know how to perform all the work of constructing the sanctuary. ” 2 Then Moses summoned Bezalel, Oholiab, and every sk illed person whom the LORD had gifted—everyone whose heart stirred him to come and do the work. 3 They received from Moses all the contributions that the Israelites had brought to carry out the service of con-structing the sanctuary. Meanwhile, the people continued to bring freewill offerings morning after morning, 4 so that all the skilled craftsmen who were doing all the work on the sanctuary left their work 5 and said to Moses, “The people are bringing more than enough for doing the work the LORD has commanded us to do. ” 6 After Moses had given an order, they sent a proclamation throughout the camp: “No man or woman should make anything else as an offering for the sanctuary. ” So the people were restrained from bringing more, 7 since what they already had was more than enough to perform all the work. 36 Exodus 36: 7 | 113

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The Ten Curtains for the Tabernacle (Exodus 26:1-6) 8 All the skilled craftsmen among the work-men made the ten curtains for the tabernacle. They were made of finely spun linen, as well as blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, with cheru-bim skillfully worked into them. 9 Each curtain was twenty-eight cubits long and four cubits wide; a   all the curtains were the same size. 10 And he joined five of the curtains together, and the other five he joined as well. 11 He made loops of blue material on the edge of the end curtain in the first set, and also on the end curtain in the second set. 12 He made fifty loops on one curtain and fifty loops on the end curtain of the second set, so that the loops lined up opposite one another. 13 He also made fifty gold clasps to join the curtains to-gether, so that the tabernacle was a unit. The Eleven Curt ains of Goat Hair (Exodus 26: 7-14) 14 He then made curtains of goat hair for the tent over the tabernacle —eleven curtains in all. 15 Each of the eleven curtains was the same size—thirty cubits long and four cubits wide. b 16 He joined five of the curtains into one set and the other six into another. 17 He made fifty loops along the edge of the end curtain in the first set, and fifty loops along the edge of the corresponding curtain in the second set. 18 He also made fifty bron ze clasps to join the tent together as a unit. 19 Additionally, he made for the tent a cover-ing of ram skins dyed red, and over that a covering of fine leather. c   The Frames and Bases (Exodus 26:1 5-30) 20 Next, he constructed upright frames of aca-cia wood for the tabernacle. 21 Each frame was ten cubits long and a cubit and a half wide. d   22 Two tenons e   were connected to each other for each frame. He made all the frames of the tabernacle in this way. 23 He constructed twenty frames for the south side of the tabernacle, 24 with forty silver bases to put under the twenty frames —two bases for each frame, one under each tenon. 25 For the second side of the tabernacle, the north side, he made twenty frames 26 and forty silver bases —two bases under each frame. 27 He made six frames for the rear of the tabernacle, the west side, 28 and two frames for the tw o back corners of the tabernacle, 29 coupled together from bottom to top and fitted into a single ring. He made both corners in this way. 30 So there were eight frames and sixteen silver bases —two under each frame. 31 He also made five crossbars of acacia wood for the frames on one side of the tabernacle, 32 five for those on the other side, and five for those on the rear side of the tabernacle, to the west. 33 He made the central crossbar to run through the center of the frames, from one end to the other. 34 And he overlaid the frames with gold and made gold rings to hold the crossbars. He also overlaid the crossbars with gold. 114 | Exodus 36:8 a 9 Each of the ten curtains was approximately 42 feet long and 6 feet wide (12. 8 meters long and 1. 8 meters wide). b 15 Each of the eleven curtains was approximately 45 feet long and 6 feet wide (13. 7 meters long and 1. 8 meters wide). c 19 Possibly the hides of large aquatic mammals d 21 Each frame was approximately 15 feet long and 2. 25 feet wide (4. 6 meters long and 68. 6 centimeters wide). e 22 That is, projecting pieces of wood made for insertion into another piece; similarly in verse 24.

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The Veil (Exodus 26:3 1-35) 35 Next, he made the veil of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely spun linen, with cher-ubim skillfully worked into it. 36 He also made four posts of acacia wood for it and overlaid them with gold, along with gold hooks; and he cast four silver bases for the posts. The Curtain for the Entrance (Exodus 26:3 6-37) 37 For the entrance to the tent, he made a curtain embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely spun linen, 38 together with five posts and their hooks. He overlaid the tops of the posts and their bands with gold, and their five bases were bronze. Constructing the Ark (Exodus 25:1 0-16) Bezalel went on to construct the ark of acacia wood, two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit and a half high. a   2 He overlaid it with pure gold, both inside and out, and made a gold molding around it. 3 And he cast four gold rings for its four feet, two rings on one side and two on the other. 4 Then he made poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold. 5 He insert ed the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark in order to carry it. The Merc y Seat (Exodus 25:1 7-22) 6 He constructed a mercy seat of pure gold, two and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide. b   7 He made two cherubim of ham-mered gold at the ends of the mercy seat, 8 one cherub on one end and one on the other, all made from one piece of gold. 9 And the cheru-bim had wings that spread upward, overshad-owing the mercy seat. The cherubim faced each other, looking toward the mercy seat. The Table of Showbread (Exodus 25:2 3-30 ; Leviticus 24:5-9) 10 He also made the table of acacia wood two cubits long, a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high. c   11 He overlaid it with pure gold and made a gold molding around it. 12 And he made a rim around it a handbreadth wide d   and put a gold molding on the rim. 13 He cast four gold rings for the table and fas-tened them to the four corners at its four legs. 14 The rings were placed close to the rim, to serve as holders for the poles used to carry the table. 15 He made the poles of acacia wood for carrying the table a nd overlaid them with gold. 16 He also made the utensils for the table out of pure gold: its plates and dishes, as well as its bowls and pitchers for pouring drink offer-ings. The Lampstand (Exodus 25:3 1-40 ; Numbers 8:1-4) 17 Then he made the lampstand out of pure hammered gold, all of one piece: its base and shaft, its cups, and its buds and petals. 18 Six branches extended from the sides, three on one side and three on the other. 19 There were three cups shaped like almond bl ossoms on the first branch, each with buds and petals, three on the next branch, and the same for all 37 a 1 The ark was approximately 3. 75 feet long, 2. 25 feet wide, and 2. 25 feet high (114. 3 centimeters long, 68. 6 centi-meters wide, and 68. 6 centimeters high). b 6 The mercy seat was approximately 3. 75 feet long and 2. 25 feet wide (114. 3 centimeters long and 68. 6 centimeters wide). c 10 The table was approximately 3 feet long, 1. 5 feet wide, and 2. 25 feet high (91. 4 centimeters long, 45. 7 centimeters wide, and 68. 6 centimeters high). d 12 A handbreadth is approximately 2. 9 inches or 7. 4 centimeters. Exodus 37: 19 | 115

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six branches that extended from the lampstand. 20 And on the lampstand were four cups shaped like almond blossoms with buds and petals. 21 A bud was under the first pair of branches that extended from the lampstand, a bud under the second pair, and a bud under the third pair. 22 The buds and branches were all of one piece with the lampstand, ham-mered out of pure gold. 23 He also made its seven lamps, its wick trim-mers, and trays of pure gold. 24 He made the lampstand and all its utensils from a talent of pure gold. a   The Altar of In cense (Exodus 30: 1-10) 25 He made the altar of incense out of acacia wood. It was square, a cubit long, a cubit wide, and two cubits high. b   Its horns were of one piece. 26 And he overlaid with pure gold the top and all the sides and horns. Then he made a molding of gold around it. 27 He made two gold rings below the molding on opposite sides to hold the poles used to carry it. 28 And he made the poles of acacia wood and ove rlaid them with gold. 29 He also made the sacred anointing oil and the pure, fragrant incense, the work of a perfumer. The Bronze Altar (Exodus 27: 1-8) Bezalel constructed  c   the altar of burnt offering from acacia wood. It was square, five cubits long, five cubits wide, and three cubits high. d   2 He made a horn at each of its four corners, so that the horns and altar were of one piece, and he overlaid the al-tar with bronze. 3 He made all the altar's utensils of bronze — its pots, shovels, sprinkling bowls, meat forks, and firepans. 4 He made a grate of bronze mesh for the altar under its ledge, halfway up from the bottom. 5 At the four corners of the bronze grate he cast four rings as holders for the poles. 6 And he made the poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with bronze. 7 Then he inserted the poles into the rings on the sides of the altar for car-rying it. He made the altar with boards so that it was hollow. The Bronze Basin (Exodus 30:1 7-21) 8 Next he made the bronze basin and its stand from the mirrors of the women who served at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. The Courtyard (Exodus 27:9-19) 9 Then he constructed the courtyard. The south side of the courtyard was a hundred cubits long e   and had curtains of finely spun linen, 10 with twenty posts and twenty bronze bases, and with silver hooks and bands on the posts. 11 The north side was also a hundred cubits long, with twenty posts and twenty bronze bases. The hooks and bands of the posts were silver. 12 The west side was fifty cu-bits long f  and had curtains, with ten posts and ten bases. The hooks and bands of the posts were silver. 13 And the east side, toward the sunrise, was also fifty cubits long. 38 116 | Exodus 37:20 a 24 A talent is approximately 75. 4 pounds or 34. 2 kilograms of gold. b 25 The altar was approximately 1. 5 feet in length and width, and 3 feet high (45. 7 centimeters in length and width, and 91. 4 centimeters high). c 1 Literally He constructed   d 1 The altar was approximately 7. 5 feet in length and width, and 4. 5 feet high (2. 3 meters in length and width, and 1. 4 meters high). e 9 100 cubits is approximately 150 feet or 45. 7 meters. f 12 50 cubits is approximately 75 feet or 22. 9 meters.

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14 The curtains on one side of the entrance were fifteen cubits long,a   with three posts and three bases. 15 And the curtains on the other side were also fifteen cubits long, with three posts and three bases as well. 16 All the cur-tains around the courtyard were made of finely spun linen. 17 The bases for the posts were bronze, the hooks and bands were silver, and the plating for the tops of the posts was silver. So all the posts of the courtyard were banded with silver. 18 The curtain for the entrance to t he court-yard was embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely spun linen. It was twenty cubits long  b   and, like the curtains of the courtyard, five cubits high,c   19 with four posts and four bronze bases. Their hooks were silver, as well as the bands and the plating of their tops. 20 All the tent pegs for the taber-nacle and for the s urrounding courtyard were bronze. An Inventory of Materials (Ezra 2:6 8-70 ; Nehemiah 7:70-73) 21 This is the inventory for the tabernacle, the tabernacle of the Testimony, as recorded at Moses' command by the Levites under the di-rection of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest. 22 Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, made everything th at the LORD had commanded Moses. 23 With him was Oholiab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, an engraver, designer, and embroiderer in blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine linen. 24 All the gold from the wave offering used for the work on the sanctuary totaled 29 talents and 730 shekels,d   according to the sanctuary shekel. 25 The silver from those numbered among the congregation totaled 100 talents and 1,775 shekels,e   according to the sanctuary shekel — 26 a beka per person, that is, half a shekel,f according to the sanctuary shekel, from every-one twenty years of age or older who had crossed over to be numbered, a total of 603,550 men. 27 The hundred talents of silver g   were used to cast the bases of the sanctuary and the bases of the veil— 100 bases from the 100 talents, one talent per base. 28 With the 1,775 shekels of silver h   he made the hooks for the posts, overlaid their tops, and supplied bands for them. 29 The bronze from the wave offering totaled 70 talents and 2,400 shekels. i  30 He used it to make the bases for the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, the bronze altar and its bronze grat-ing, all the utensils for the altar, 31 the bases for the surrounding courtyard and its gate, and all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and its surrounding courtyard. The Ephod (Exodus 28: 6-14) From the blue, purple, and scarlet yarn they made specially woven gar-ments for ministry in the sanctuary, as well as the holy garments for Aaron, just as the LORD had commanded Moses. 2 Bezalel made j  the ephod of finely spun linen embroidered with gold, and with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn. 3 They hammered out thin sheets of gold and cut threads from them to interweave with the blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and fine linen—the work of a skilled 39 Exodus 39: 3 | 117 a 14 15 cubits is approximately 22. 5 feet or 6. 9 meters. b 18 20 cubits is approximately 30 feet or 9. 1 meters. c 18 5 cubits is approximately 7. 5 feet or 2. 3 meters. d 24 The total weight of the gold was approximately 1. 1 tons or 1 metric ton. e 25 The to tal weight of the silver was approximately 3. 79 tons or 3. 44 metric tons. f 26 A beka is half a shekel, or approximately 0. 2 ounces or 5. 7 grams. g 27 100 talents is approximately 3. 77 tons or 3. 42 metric tons of silver. h 28 1,775 shekels is approximately 44. 6 pounds or 20. 2 kilograms of silver. i 29 The total weight of the bronze was approximately 2. 67 tons or 2. 42 metric tons. j 2 Literally He made  

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craftsman. 4 They made shoulder pieces for the ephod, which were attached at two of its corners, so it could be fastened. 5 And the skill-fully woven waistband of the ephod was of one piece with the ephod, of the same work-manship —with gold, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and with finely spun linen, just as the LORD had commanded Moses. 6 They mounted the onyx stones in gold fili-gree settings, engraved like a seal with the names of the sons of Israel. 7 Then they fas-tened the m on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel, as the LORD had commanded Moses. The Breastpiece (Exodus 28:1 5-30) 8 He made the breastpiece with the same workmanship as the ephod, with gold, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and with finely spun linen. 9 It was square when folded over double, a span long and a span wide. a   10 And they mounted o n it four rows of gemstones: b The first row had a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald; 11 the second row had a turquoise, a sapphire, and a diamond; 12 the third row had a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst; 13 and the fourth row had a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. These stones were mounted in gold filigree settings. 14 The twelve stones corresponded to the names of the sons of Israel. Each stone was en-graved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes. 15 For the breastpiece they made braided chains like cords of pure gold. 16 They also made two gold filigree settings and two gold rings, and fastened the two rings to the two corners of the breastpiece. 17 Then they fas-tened the two gold chains to the two gold rings at the corners of the breastpiece, 18 and they fastened the other ends of the two chains to the two filigree settings, attaching them to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front. 19 They made two more gold rings and at-tached them to the other two corners of the breastpiece, on the inside edge next to the ephod. 20 They made two additional gold rings and at-tached them to the bottom of the two shoulder pieces of the ephod, on its front, near the seam just above its woven waistband. 21 Then they tied the rings of the breastpiece to the rings of the ephod with a cord of blue yarn, so that the breastpiece was above the waistband of the ephod and would not swing out from the ephod, just as the LORD had commanded Moses. Additional Priestly Garments (Exodus 28:3 1-43) 22 They made the robe of the ephod entirely of blue cloth, the work of a weaver, 23 with an opening in the center of the robe like that of a garment,c   with a collar around the opening so that it would not tear. 24 They made pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and finely spun linen on the lower hem of the robe. 25 They also made bells of pure gold and attached them around the hem between the pomegranates, 26 alternat-ing the bells and pomegranates around th e lower hem of the robe to be worn for ministry, just as the LORD had commanded Moses. a 9 The breastpiece, when folded over, was approximately 9 inches or 22. 9 centimeters in both length and width. b 10 The precise identification of some of these gemstones is uncertain. c 23 The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain; possibly a coat of mail  . 118 | Exodus 39: 4

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27 For Aaron and his sons they made tunics of fine linen, the work of a weaver, 28 as well as the turban of fine linen, the ornate headbands and undergarments of finely spun linen, 29 and the sash of finely spun linen, embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, just as the LORD had commanded Moses. 30 They also made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and they engraved on it, like an inscription on a seal: HOLY TO THE LORD.  a   31 Then they fastened to it a blue cord to mount it on the turban, just as the LORD had commanded Moses. Moses Approves the Work 32 So all the work for the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting, was completed. The Israelites did everything just as the LORD had com manded Moses. 33 Then they brought the tabernacle to Moses: the tent with all its furnishings, its clasps, its frames, its crossbars, and its posts and bases; 34 the covering of ram skins dyed red, the covering of fine leather,b   and the veil of the covering; 35 the ark of the Testimony c   with its poles and the mercy seat; 36 the table with all its utensils and the Bread of the Presence; 37 the pure gold lampstand with its row of lamps and all its utensils, as well as the oil for the light; 38 the gold altar, the anointing oil, the fragrant incense, and the curtain for the entrance to the tent; 39 the bronze altar with its bronze grating, its poles, and all its utensils; the basin with its stand; 40 the curtains of the courtyard with its posts and bases; the curtain for the gate of the courtyard, its ropes and tent pegs, and all the equip-ment for the service of the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting; 41 and the woven garments for minister-ing in the san ctuary, both the holy gar-ments for Aaron the priest and the garments for his sons to serve as priests. 42 The Israelites had done all the work just as the LORD had commanded Moses. 43 And Mo-ses inspected all the work and saw that they had accomplished it just as the LORD had com-manded. So Moses blessed them. Setting Up the Tabernacle (Acts 7:44-47 ; Hebrews 9:1-10) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “On the first day of the first month you are to set up the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting. 3 Put the ark of the Testimony d   in it and screen off the ark with the veil. 4 Then bring in the ta-ble and set out its arrangement; bring in the lampstand as well, and set up its lamps. 5 Place the gold altar of incense in front of the ark of the Testimony, and hang the curtain at the entrance to the tabernacle. 6 Place the altar of burnt offering in front of the entrance to the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting. 7 And place the basin between the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and put water in it. 8 Set up the surrounding courtyard and hang the curtain for the entrance to the courtyar d. 9 Take the anointing oil and anoint the taber-nacle and everything in it; consecrate it along with all its furnishings, and it shall be holy. 10 Anoint the altar of burnt offering and all its 40 Exodus 40: 10 | 119 a 30 That is, the LORD   b 34 Possibly the hides of large aquatic mammals c 35 That is, the ark of the covenant d 3 That is, the ark of the covenant  ; also in verses 5 and 21

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utensils; consecrate the altar, and it shall be most holy. 11 Anoint the basin and its stand and consecrate them. 12 Then bring Aaron and his sons to the en-trance to the Tent of Meeting and wash them with water. 13 And you are to clothe Aaron with the holy garments, anoint him, and consecrate him, so that he may serve Me as a priest. 14 Bring his sons forward and clothe them with tunics. 15 Anoint them just as you anointed their father, so that they may also serve Me as priests. Their anointing will qualify them for a permanent priesthood throughout their generations. ” 16 Moses did everything just as the LORD had comma nded him. 17 So the tabernacle was set up on the first day of the first month of the second year. 18 When Moses set up the tabernacle, he laid its bases, positioned its frames, inserted its crossbars, and set up its posts. 19 Then he spread the tent over the tabernacle and put the covering over the tent, just as the LORD had commanded him. 20 Moses took the Testimony and placed it in the ark, attaching the poles to the ark; and he set the mercy seat atop the ark. 21 Then he brought the ark into the tabe rnacle, put up the veil for the screen, and shielded off the ark of the Testimony, just as the LORD had com-manded him. 22 Moses placed the table in the Tent of Meet-ing on the north side of the tabernacle, outside the veil. 23 He arranged the bread on it before the LORD, just as the LORD had commanded him. 24 He also placed the lampstand in the Tent of Meeting opposite the table on the south side of the tabernacle 25 and set up the lamps before the LORD, just as the LORD had com-manded him. 26 Moses placed the gold altar in the Tent of Meeting, in front of the veil, 27 and he burned fragrant incense on it, just as the LORD had commanded him. 28 Then he put up the cur-tain at the entrance to the tabernacle. 29 He placed the altar of burnt offering near the en-trance to the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting, and offer ed on it the burnt offering and the grain offering, just as the LORD had commanded him. 30 He placed the basin between the Tent of Meeting and the altar and put water in it for washing; 31 and from it Moses, Aaron, and his sons washed their hands and feet. 32 They washed whenever they entered the Tent of Meeting or approached the altar, just as the LORD had commanded Moses. 33 And Moses set up the courtyard around the tabernacle and the altar, and he hung the curtain for the entrance to the courtyard. So Moses finished the work. The Cloud and the Glory (Numbers 9:15-23) 34 Then the cloud covered the Tent of Meeting, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle. 35 Moses was unable to enter the Tent of Meet-ing because the cloud had settled on it, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle. 36 Whenever the cloud was lifted from above the tabernacle, the Israelites would set out through all the stages of their journey. 37 If the cloud was not lifted, they would not set out until the day it was taken up. 38 For the cloud of the LORD was over the tabernacle by day, and fire was in the cloud by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel through all their journeys. 120 | Exodus 40: 11

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Laws for Burnt Offerings (Leviticus 6:8-13) Then the LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting, saying, 2 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When any of you brings an offering to the LORD, you may bring as your offering an animal from the herd or the flock. 3 If one's offe ring is a burnt offering from the herd, he is to present an unblemished male. He must bring it to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting for its acceptance before the LORD. 4 He is to lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, so it can be accepted on hi s behalf to make atonement for him. 5 And he shall slaughter the young bull before the LORD, and Aaron's sons the priests are to present the blood and sprinkle it on all sides of the altar at the entrance to the Tent of Meet-ing. 6 Next, he is to skin the burnt offering and cut it into pieces. 7 The sons of Aaron the priest shall put a fire on the altar and arrange wood on the fire. 8 Then Aaron's sons the priests are to arrange the pieces, including the head and the fat, atop the burning wood on the altar. 9 The entrails and legs must be washe d with water, and the priest shall burn all of it on the altar as a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 10 If, however, one's offering is a burnt offering from the flock —from the sheep or goats —he is to present an unblemished male. 11 He shall slaughter it on the north side of the altar be-fore the LORD, and Aaron's sons the priests are to sprinkle its blood aga inst the altar on all sides. 12 He is to cut the animal into pieces, and the priest shall arrange them, including the head and fat, atop the burning wood that is on the altar. 13 The entrails and legs must be washed with water, and the priest shall bring all of it and burn it on the altar; it is a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 14 If, instead, one's offering to the LORD is a burnt offering of birds, he is to present a turtledove or a young pigeon. 15 Then the prie st shall bring it to the altar, twist off its head, and burn it on the altar; its blood should be drained out on the side of the altar. 16 And he is to remove the crop with its contents a   and throw it to the east side of the altar, in the place for ashes. 17 He shall tear it open by its wings, without dividing the bird completely. And the priest is to burn it on the altar atop the burning wood. It is a burnt offering, an offer-ing made by f ire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. Laws for Grain Offerings (Leviticus 6:1 4-23) “When anyone brings a grain offering to the LORD, his offering must consist of fine flour. He is to pour olive oil on it, put frankin-cense on it, 2 and bring it to Aaron's sons the priests. The priest shall take a handful of the flour and oil, together with all the frankin-cense, and burn this as a memorial portion on 1 2 Leviticus a 16 Or the cro p and feathers  

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the altar, an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 3 The remainder of the grain offering shall belong to Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy pa rt of the offerings made by fire to the LORD. 4 Now if you bring an offering of grain baked in an oven, it must consist of fine flour, either un-leavened cakes mixed with oil or unleavened wafers coated with oil. 5 If your offering is a grain offering pre pared on a griddle,a   it must be unleavened bread made of fine flour mixed with oil. 6 Crumble it and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering. 7 If your offering is a grain offering cooked in a pan,b   it must consist of fine flour with oil. 8 When you bring to the LORD the grain offer-ing made in any of these ways, it is to be pre-sented to the priest, and he shall take it to the altar. 9 The priest is to remove the memorial portion from the grain offering and burn it on the altar as an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 10 But the remainder of the grain offering shall belong to Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy part of the offerings made by fire to the LORD. 11 No grain offering that you present to the LORD may be made with leaven, for you are not to burn any leaven or honey as an offering made by fire to the LORD. 12 You may bring them to the LORD as an offering of firstfruits, but they are not to be offered on the altar as a pleasing aroma. 13 And you shall season each of your grain offerings with salt. You must not leave the salt of the covenant of your God out of your grain offering ; you are to add salt to each of your offerings. 14 If you bring a grain offering of firstfruits to the LORD, you shall offer crushed heads of new grain roasted on the fire. 15 And you are to put oil and frankincense on it; it is a grain offering. 16 The priest shall then burn the me-morial portion of the crushed grain and the oil, together with all its frankincense, as an offer-ing made by fire to the LORD. Laws for Peac e Offerings (Leviticus 7:11-21) “If one's offering is a peace offering and he offers an animal from the herd, whether male or female, he must present it without blemish before the LORD. 2 He is to lay his hand on the head of the offering and slaughter it at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron's sons the priests shall sprinkle the blood on all sides of the altar. 3 From the peace offering he is to bring an of-fering made by fire to the LORD: the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them, 4 both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with the kidneys. 5 Then Aaron's sons are to burn it on the altar atop the burnt offer-ing that is on the burning wood, as an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 6 If, however, one's peace offering to the LORD is from the flock, he must present a male or fe-male without blemish. 7 If he is presenting a lamb for his offering, he must present it before the LORD. 8 He is to lay his hand on the head of his offering and slaughter it in front of the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron's sons shall sprinkle its blood on all sides of the altar. 9 And from the peace offering he shall bring an offering made by fire to the LORD con sisting of its fat: the entire fat tail cut off close to the backbone, the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them, 10 both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of 3122 | Leviticus 2:3 a 5 That is, a shallow pan for baking or frying b 7 That is, a deep pan or stew pan

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the liver, which he is to remove with the kid-neys. 11 Then the priest is to burn them on the altar as food, an offering made by fire to the LORD. 12 If one's offering is a goat, he is to present it before the LORD. 13 He must lay his hand on its head and slaughter it in front o f the Tent of Meeting. Then Aaron's sons shall sprinkle its blood on all sides of the altar. 14 And from his offering he shall present an of-fering made by fire to the LORD: the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them, 15 both kidneys wit h the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with the kidneys. 16 Then the priest is to burn the food on the altar as an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma. All the fat is the LORD's. 17 This is a permanent statu te for the genera-tions to come, wherever you live: You must not eat any fat or any blood. ” Laws for Sin Offerings (Leviticus 5:1-13 ; Leviticus 6:24-30) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Tell the Israelites to do as follows with one who sins unintentionally against any of the LORD's commandments and does what is forbidden by them: 3 If the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt on the people, he must bring to the LORD a young bull without blemish as a sin offering a   for the sin he has committed. 4 He must bring the bull to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting before the LORD, lay his hand on t he bull's head, and slaughter it before the LORD. 5 Then the anointed priest shall take some of the bull's blood and bring it into the Tent of Meeting. 6 The priest is to dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle some of it seven times before the LORD, in f ront of the veil of the sanctuary. 7 The priest must then put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense that is before the LORD in the Tent of Meeting. And he is to pour out the rest of the bull's blood at the base of the altar of bur nt offering at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 8 Then he shall remove all the fat from the bull of the sin offering—the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them, 9 both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with the kidneys — 10 just as the fat is removed from the ox of the peace offering. Then the priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering. 11 But the hide of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and legs and its entrails and dung — 12 all the rest of the bull —he must take outside the camp to a ceremonially clean place where the ashes are poured out, and there he must burn it on a wood fire on the ash heap. 13 Now if the whole congregation of Israel strays unintentionally and the matter escapes the notice of the assembly so that they violate any of the LORD's commandments and incur guilt by doing what is forbidden, 14 when they become aware of the sin they have committed, then the assembly must bring a young bull as a sin offering and present it before the Tent of Meeting. 15 The elders of the congregation are to lay their hands on the bull's head before the LORD, and it shall be slaughtered before the LORD. 16 Then the anointed priest is to bring some of the bull's blood into the Tent of Meet-ing, 17 and he is to dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle it seven times before the LORD in front of the veil. 18 He is also to put some of the blood on the horns of the altar that is before the LORD in the Tent of Meeting, and he must pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering at the entrance to the 4 Leviticus 4:18 | 123 a 3 Or purification offering  ; here and throughout Leviticus

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Tent of Meeting. 19 And he is to remove all the fat from i t and burn it on the altar. 20 He shall offer this bull just as he did the bull for the sin offering; in this way the priest will make atonement on their behalf, and they will be forgiven. 21 Then he is to take the bull outside the camp and burn it, just as he burned the first bull. It is the sin offering for the assembly. 22 When a leader sins unintentionally and does what is prohibited by any of the com-mandments of the LORD his God, he incurs guilt. 23 When he becomes aware of the sin he has committed, h e must bring an unblemished male goat as his offering. 24 He is to lay his hand on the head of the goat and slaughter it at the place where the burnt offering is slaugh-tered before the LORD. It is a sin offering. 25 Then the priest is to take some of the b lood of the sin offering with his finger, put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the al-tar. 26 He must burn all its fat on the altar, like the fat of the peace offerings; thus the priest will make atonement for that man's sin, and he will be forgiven. 27 And if one of the common people sins unintentionally and does what is prohibited by any of the LORD's commandments, he incurs guilt. 28 When he becomes aware of the sin he has committed, he must bring an unblemished female goat as his offering for that sin. 29 He is to lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it at the place of th e burnt offering. 30 Then the priest is to take some of its blood with his finger, put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar. 31 Then he is to remove all the fat, just as it is removed f rom the peace offering, and the priest is to burn it on the altar as a pleasing aroma to the LORD. In this way the priest will make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven. 32 If, however, he brings a lamb as a sin offer-ing, he must bring an unblemishe d female. 33 And he is to lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it as a sin offering at the place where the burnt offering is slaugh-tered. 34 Then the priest is to take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar. 35 And he shall remove all the fat, just as the fat of the lamb is removed from the peace offerings, and he shall burn it on the altar along with the offe rings made by fire to the LORD. In this way the priest will make atone-ment for him for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven. Sins Requiring a Sin Offering (Leviticus 4:1-35 ; Leviticus 6:24-30) “If someone sins by failing to testify when he hears a public charge about something he has witnessed, whether he has seen it or learned of it, he shall bear the iniquity. 2 Or if a person touches anything unclean— whether the carcass of any unclean wild a ni-mal or livestock or crawling creature —even if he is unaware of it, he is unclean and guilty. 3 Or if he touches human uncleanness —any-thing by which one becomes unclean —even if he is unaware of it, when he realizes it, he is guilty. 4 Or if someone swears thoughtlessly with his lips to do anything good or evil —in whatever matter a man may rashly pronounce an oath — even if he is unaware of it, when he realizes it, he is guilty in the matter. 5 If someone incurs guilt in one of these ways, he must confess the sin he has committed, 6 and he must bring his guilt offering to the 5 124 | Leviticus 4:1 9

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LORD for the sin he has committed: a female lamb or goat from the flock as a sin offering. And the priest will make atonement for him concerning his sin. 7 If, however, he cannot afford a lamb, he may bring to the LORD as restitution for his sin two turtledoves or two young pigeons —one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering. 8 He is to bring them to the priest, who shall first present the one for the sin offering. He is to twist its head at the front of its neck without severing it; 9 then he is to sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the al-tar, while the rest of the blood is drained out at the base of the altar. It is a sin offering. 10 And the priest must prepare the second bird as a burnt offering according to the ordinance. In this way the priest will make atonement for him for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven. 11 But if he cannot afford two turtledoves or two young pigeons, he may bring a tenth of an ephah of fine flour a   as a sin offering. He must not put olive oil or frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering. 12 He is to bring it to the priest, who shall take a handful from it as a memorial portion and burn it on the altar atop the offerings made by fire to the LO RD; it is a sin offering. 13 In this way the priest will make atonement for him for any of these sins he has committed, and he will be forgiven. The remainder will belong to the priest, like the grain offering. ” Laws for Guilt Offerings (Leviticus 6:1-7 ; Leviticus 7:1-10) 14 Then the LORD said to Moses, 15 “If some-one acts unfaithfully and sins unintentionally against any of the LORD's holy things, he must bring his guilt offering to the LORD: an unblemished ram from the flock, of proper value  b   in silver shekels according to the sanc-tuary shekel; c   it is a guilt offering. 16 Regard-ing any holy thing he has harmed, he must make restitution by adding a fifth of its value to it and giving it to the priest, who will make atonement on his behalf with the ram as a guilt offering, and he will be forgiven. 17 If someone sins and violates any of the LORD's commandments even though he was unaware, he is guilty and shall bear his pun-ishment. 18 He is to bring to the priest an un-blemished ram of proper value from the flock as a guilt offering. Then the priest will make atonement on his behalf for the wrong he has committed in ignorance, and he will be for-given. 19 It is a guilt offering; he was certainly guilty d   before the LORD. ” Sins Requiring a Guilt Offering (Leviticus 5:1 4-19 ; Leviticus 7:1-10) And the LORD said to Moses, 2 “If some-one sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD by deceiving his neighbor in regard to a deposit or security entrusted to him or stolen, or if he extorts his neighbor 3 or finds lost property and lies about it and swears falsely, or if he commits a ny such sin that a man might commit — 4 once he has sinned and becomes guilty, he must return what he has stolen or taken by extortion, or the deposit entrusted to him, or the lost property he found, 5 or any-thing else about which he has sworn falsely. He must make restitution in full, add a fifth of the value, and pay it to the owner on the day he acknowledges his guilt. 6 Then he must bring to the priest his guilt offering to the LORD: an unblemished ram of proper value from the flock. 7 In this way the priest will make atonement for him before the LORD, and 6 Leviticus 6:7 | 125 a 11 A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2. 2 liters (probably about 2. 6 pounds or 1. 2 kilograms of flour). b 15 Or flock or its equivalence   c 15 A shekel is approximately 0. 4 ounces or 11. 4 grams of silver. d 19 Or he has paid full compensation

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he will be forgiven for anything he may have done to incur guilt. ” The Burnt Offering (Leviticus 1:1-17) 8 Then the LORD said to Moses, 9 “Command Aaron and his sons that this is the law of the burnt offering: The burnt offering is to remain on the hearth of the altar all night, until morn-ing, and the fire must be kept burning on the altar. 10 And the priest shall put on his linen robe and linen undergarments, and he shall remove from the altar the ashes of the burnt offering that the fire has consumed and place them be-side it. 11 Then he must take off his garments, put on other clothes, and carry the ashes out-side the camp to a ceremonially clean place. 12 The fire on the altar shall be kept burning; it must not be extinguished. Every morning the priest is to add wood to the fire, arrange the burnt offering on it, and burn the fat portions of the peace offerings on it. 13 The fire shall be kept burning on the altar continually; it must not be extinguished. The Grain Offering (Leviticus 2:1-16) 14 Now this is the law of the grain offering: Aaron's sons shall present it before the LORD in front of the altar. 15 The priest is to remove a handful of fine flour and olive oil, together with all the frankincense from the grain offer-ing, and burn the memorial portion on the al-tar as a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 16 Aaron and his sons are to eat the remainder. It must be eaten without leaven in a holy place; they are to eat it in the courtyard of the Tent of Meeting. 17 It must not be baked with leaven; I have assigned it as their portion of My offerings made by fire. It is most holy, like the sin offering and the guilt offering. 18 Any male among the sons of Aaron may eat it. This is a permanent portion from the offerings made by fire to the LORD for the generations to come. Anything that touches them will be-come holy. ” 19 Then the LORD said to Moses, 20 “This is the offering that Aaron and his sons must present to the LORD on the day he is anointed: a tenth of an ephah of fine flour a   as a regular grain of-fering, half of it in the morning and h alf in the evening. 21 It shall be prepared with oil on a griddle; b   you are to bring it well-kneaded and present it as a grain offering broken c   in pieces, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 22 The priest, who is one of Aaron's sons and will be anointed to take his place, is to prepare it. As a permanent portion for the LORD, it must be burned completely. 23 Every grain offering for a priest shall be burned completely; it is not to be eaten. ” The Sin Offering (Leviticus 4:1-35 ; Leviticus 5:1-13) 24 And the LORD said to Moses, 25 “Tell Aaron and his sons that this is the law of the sin of-fering: In the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered, the sin offering shall be slaugh-tered before the LORD; it is most holy. 26 The priest who offers it shall eat it; it must be eaten in a holy place, in the courtyard of the Tent of Meeting. 27 Anything that touches its flesh will become holy, and if any of the blood is spat-tered on a garment, you must wash it in a holy place. 28 The clay pot in which the sin offering is boiled must be bro ken; if it is boiled in a bronze pot, the pot must be scoured and rinsed with water. 29 Any male among the a 20 A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2. 2 liters (probably about 2. 6 pounds or 1. 2 kilograms of flour). b 21 That is, a shallow pan for baking or frying c 21 Or baked   126 | Leviticus 6:8

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priests may eat it; it is most holy. 30 But no sin offering may be eaten if its blood has been brought into the Tent of Meeting to make atonement in the Holy Place; it must be burned. The Guilt Offering (Leviticus 5:14-19 ; Leviticus 6:1-7) “Now this is the law of the guilt offering, which is most holy: 2 The guilt offering must be slaughtered in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered, and the priest shall sprinkle its blood on all sides of the altar. 3 And all the fat from it shal l be offered: the fat tail, the fat that covers the entrails, 4 both kid-neys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which is to be removed with the kidneys. 5 The priest shall burn them on the altar as an offering made by fire to t he LORD; it is a guilt offering. 6 Every male among the priests may eat of it. It must be eaten in a holy place; it is most holy. 7 The guilt offering is like the sin offering; the same law applies to both. It belongs to the priest who makes atonement wit h it. 8 As for the priest who presents a burnt offering for anyone, the hide of that offering belongs to him. 9 Likewise, every grain offering that is baked in an oven or cooked in a pan a   or on a griddle b   belongs to the priest who presents it, 10 and every grain offering, whether dry or mixed with oil, belongs equally to all the sons of Aaron. The Peace Offering (Leviticus 3:1-17) 11 Now this is the law of the peace offering that one may present to the LORD: 12 If he offers it in thanksgiving, then along with the sacrifice of thanksgiving he shall offer unleavened cakes mixed with olive oil, unleavened wafers coated with oil, and well-kneaded cakes of fine flour mixed with oil. 13 Along with his peace offering o f thanks- giving he is to present an offering with cakes of leavened bread. 14 From the cakes he must present one portion of each offering as a contribution to the LORD. It belongs to the priest who sprinkles the blood of the peace offering. 15 The meat of the sacrifice of his peace offering of thanksgiving must be eaten on the day he offers it; none of it may be left until morning. 16 If, however, the sacrifice he offers is a vow or a freewill offering, it shall be eaten on the day he presents his sacrifice, but the remain-der may be eaten on the next day. 17 But any meat of the sacrifice remaining until the third day must be burned up. 18 If any of the meat from his peace offering is eaten on the third day, it will not be accepted. It will not be cred-ited to the one who presented it; it shall be an abomination, and the one who eats of it shall bear his iniquity. 19 Meat that touches any thing unclean must not be eaten; it is to be burned up. As for any other meat, anyone who is ceremonially clean may eat it. 20 But if anyone who is unclean eats meat from the peace offering that belongs to the LORD, that person must be cut off from his people. 21 If one touches anything unclean, whether human uncleanness, an unclean ani-mal, or any unclean, detestable thing, and then eats any of the meat of the peace offering that belongs to the LORD, that person must be cut off from his people. ” Fat and Blood Forbidden 22 Then the LORD said to Moses, 23 “Speak to the Israelites and say, 'You are not to eat any of the fat of an ox, a sheep, or a goat. 24 The fat 7 Leviticus 7:24 | 127 a 9 That is, a deep pan or stew pan b 9 That is, a shallow pan for baking or frying

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of an animal found dead or mauled by wild beasts may be used for any other purpose, but you must not eat it. 25 If anyone eats the fat of an animal from which an offering made by fire may be pre-sented to the LORD, the one who eats it must be cut off from his people. 26 You must not eat the blood of any bird or animal in any of your dwellings. 27 If anyone eats blood, that person must be cut off from his people. '  ” The Priests' Portion 28 Then the LORD said to Moses, 29 “Speak to the Israelites and say, 'A nyone who presents a peace offering to the LORD must bring it as his sacrifice to the LORD. 30 With his own hands he is to bring the offerings made by fire to the LORD; he shall bring the fat, together with the breast, and wave the breast as a wave offerin g before the LORD. 31 The priest is to burn the fat on the altar, but the breast belongs to Aaron and his sons. 32 And you are to give the right thigh to the priest as a contribution from your peace offer-ing. 33 The son of Aaron who presents the blood and fat of the peace offering shall have the right thigh as a portion. 34 I have taken from the sons of Israel the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the contribution of their peace offerings, and I have given them to Aaron the priest and his sons as a permanent portion from the sons of Israel. '  ” 35 This is the portion of the offerings made by fire to the LORD for Aaron and his sons since the day they were presented to serve the LORD as priests. 36 On the day they were anointed, the LORD commanded that this be given them by the sons of Israel. It is a perma-nent portion for the generations to come. 37 This is the law of the burnt offering, the grain offering, the sin offering, the guilt offer-ing, the ordination offering, and the peace offering, 38 which the LORD gave Moses on Mount Sinai on the day He commanded the Is-raelites to present their offerings to the LORD in the Wilderness of Sinai. Moses Consecrates Aaron and His Sons (Exodus 29: 1-9) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Take Aaron and his sons, their garments, the anointing oil, the bull of the sin offering, the two rams, and the basket of unleavened bread, 3 and assemble the whole congregation at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. ” 4 So Moses did as the LORD had commanded him, and the assembly gathered at the en-trance to the Tent of Meeting. 5 And Moses said to them, “This is what the LORD has com-manded to be done. ” 6 Then Moses presented Aaron and his sons and washed them with water. 7 He put the tunic on Aaron, tied the sash around him, clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod on him. He tied the woven band of the ephod around him and fastened it to him. 8 Then he put the breastpiece on him and placed the Urim and Thummim a   in the breastpiece. 9 Mo-ses also put the turban on Aaron's head and set the gold plate, the holy diadem, on the front of the turban, as the LORD had com-manded him. 10 Next, Moses took the anointing oil and anointed the tabernacle and everything in it; and so he consecrated them. 11 He sprinkled some of the oil on the altar seven times, anointing the altar and all its utensils, and the basin with its stand, to consecrate them. 8 128 | Leviticus 7:2 5 a 8 Literally Lights and Perfections  

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12 He also poured some of the anointing oil on Aaron's head and anointed him to consecrate him. 13 Then Moses presented Aaron's sons, put tunics on them, wrapped sashes around them, and tied headbands on them, just as the LORD had commanded him. The Priests' Sin Offering 14 Moses then brought the bull near for the sin offering, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on its head. 15 Moses slaughtered the bull, took some of the blood, and applied it with his finger to all four horns of the altar, pu-rifying the altar. He poured out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar and consecrated it so that atonement could be made on it. 16 Moses also took all the fat that was on the entrails, the lobe of the liver, and both kidneys and their fat, and burned it al l on the altar. 17 But the bull with its hide, flesh, and dung he burned outside the camp, as the LORD had commanded him. The Priests' Burnt Offering 18 Then Moses presented the ram for the burnt offering, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on its he ad. 19 Moses slaughtered the ram and sprinkled the blood on all sides of the altar. 20 He cut the ram into pieces and burned the head, the pieces, and the fat. 21 He washed the entrails and legs with water and burned the entire ram on the altar as a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD, just as the LORD had commanded Moses. The Ram of Ordination (Exodus 29:1 0-30) 22 After that, Moses presented the other ram, the ram of ordination, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on its head. 23 Moses slaugh-tered the ram and took some of its blood and put it on Aaron's right earlobe, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot. 24 Moses also presented Aaron's sons and put some of the blood on their right earlobes, on the thumbs of their right hands, and on the big toes of their right feet. Then he sprinkled the blood on all sides of the altar. 25 And Moses took the fat —the fat tail, all the fat that was on the entrails, the lobe of the liver, and both kidneys with their fat —as well as the right thigh. 26 And from the basket of unleavened bread that was before the LORD, he took one cake of unleavened bread, one cake of bread made wit h oil, and one wafer, and he placed them on the fat portions and on the right thigh. 27 He put all these in the hands of Aaron and his sons and waved them before the LORD as a wave offering. 28 Then Moses took these from their hands and burned them on the altar with the burnt offering. This was an ordination offering, a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD. 29 He also took the breast —Moses' por-tion of the ram of ordination —and waved it before the LORD as a wave offering, as the LORD had commanded him. 30 Next, Moses took some of the anointing oil and some of the blood that was on the altar and sprinkled them on Aaron and his gar-ments, and on his sons and their garments. So he consecrated Aaron and his garments, as well as Aaron's sons and their garments. 31 And Moses said to Aaron and his sons, “Boil the meat at the entrance to the Tent of Meet-ing and eat it there with the bread that is in the basket of ordination offerings, as I com-manded, saying, 'Aaron and his sons are to eat it. ' 32 Then you must burn up the remainder of the meat and bread. 33 You must not go outside the entrance to the Tent of Meeting for seven days, until the days of your ordination are complete; for it will Leviticus 8:33 | 129

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take seven days to ordain you. 34 What ha s been done today has been commanded by the LORD in order to make atonement on your be-half. 35 You must remain at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting day and night for seven days and keep the LORD's charge so that you will not die, for this is what I have been com-manded. ” 36 So Aaron and his sons did everything the LORD had commanded through Moses. Aaron's First Offerings On the eighth day Moses summoned Aaron and his sons and the elders of Israel. 2 He said to Aaron, “Take for yourself a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering, both without blemish, and pre-sent them before the LORD. 3 Then speak to the Israelites and say, 'Take a male goat for a sin offering, a calf and a lamb —bot h a year old and without blemish —for a burnt offering, 4 an ox a   and a ram for a peace offering to sacrifice before the LORD, and a grain offering mixed with oil. For today the LORD will appear to you. '  ” 5 So they took what Moses had commanded to the front of the Tent of Meeting, and the whole congregation drew near and stood before the LORD. 6 And Moses said, “This is what the LORD has commanded you to do, so that the glory of the LORD may appear to you. ” 7 Then Moses said to Aaron, “Approach the al-tar and sacrifice your sin offering and your burnt offering to make atonement for yourself and for the people. And sacrifice the people's offering to make atonement for them, as the LORD has commanded. ” 8 So Aaron approached the altar and slaugh-tered the calf as a sin offering for himself. 9 The sons of Aaron brought the blood to him, and he dipped his finger in the blood and applied it to the horns of the altar. And he poured out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar. 10 On the altar he burned the fat, the kidneys, and the lobe of the liver from the sin offering, as the LORD had commanded Moses. 11 But he burned up the flesh and the hide outside the camp. 12 Then Aaron slaughtered the burnt offering. His sons brought him the blood, and he sprin-kled it on all sides of the altar. 13 They brought him the burnt offering piece by piece, includ-ing the head, and he burned them on the altar. 14 He washed the entrails and the legs and burned them atop the burnt offering on the altar. 15 Aaron then presented the people's offering. He took the male goat for the people's sin of-fering, slaughtered it, and offered it for sin like the first one. 16 He presented the burnt offering and offered it according to the ordinance. 17 Next he presented the grain offering, took a handful of it, and burned it on the altar in ad-dition to the morning's burnt offering. 18 Then he slaughtered the ox and the ram as the people's peace offering. His sons brought him the blood, and he sprinkled it on all sides of the altar. 19 They also brought the fat portions from the ox and the ram —the fat tail, the fat covering the entrails, the kidneys, and the lobe of the liver — 20 and placed these on the breasts. Aaron burned the fat portions on the altar, 21 but he waved the breasts and the right thigh as a wave offering before the LORD, as Moses had commanded. 9 a 4 Or a bull or a cow  ; also in verses 18 and 19 130 | Leviticus 8:3 4

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22 Aaron lifted up his hands towar d the people and blessed them. And having made the sin of-fering, the burnt offering, and the peace offer-ing, he stepped down. 23 Moses and Aaron then entered the Tent of Meeting. When they came out, they blessed the people, and the glory of the LORD ap-peared to all the people. 24 Fire came out from the presence of the LORD and consumed the burnt offering and the fat portions on the altar. And when all the people saw it, they shouted for joy and fell facedown. The Sin of Nadab and Abihu (Numbers 3: 1-4) Now Aaron's sons Nadab and Abihu took their censers, put fire in them and added incense, and offered unauthorized  a   fire before the LORD, contrary to His com-mand. 2 So fire came out from the presence of the LORD and consumed them, and they died in the presence of the LORD. 3 Then Moses said to Aaron, “This is what the LORD meant when He said: 'To those who come near Me I will show My holiness, and in the sight of all the people I will reveal My glory. '  ” But Aaron remained silent. 4 Moses summoned Mishael and Elzaphan,b sons of Aaron's uncle Uzziel, and said to them, “Come here; carry the bodies of your cousins outside the camp, away from the front of the sanctuary. ” 5 So they came forward and car-ried them, still in their tunics, outside the camp, as Moses had directed. 6 Then Moses said to Aaron and his sons Eleazar and Ithamar, “Do not let your hair become disheveled c   and do not tear your garments, or else you will die, and the LORD will be angry with the whole congregation. But your brothers, the whole house of Israel, may mourn on account of the fire that the LORD has ignited. 7 You shall not go outside the en-trance to the Tent of Meeting, or you will die, for the LORD's anointing oil is on you. ” So they did as Moses instructed. Restrictions for Priests 8 Then the LORD said to Aaron, 9 “You and your sons are not to drink wine or strong drink when you enter the Tent of Meeting, or else you will die; this is a permanent statute for the generations to come. 10 You must distinguish between the holy and the common, between the clean and the unclean, 11 so that you may teach the Israelites all the statutes that the LORD has given them through Moses. ” 12 And Moses said to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, “Take the grain of-fering that remains from the offerings made by fire to the LORD an d eat it without leaven beside the altar, because it is most holy. 13 You shall eat it in a holy place, because it is your share and your sons' share of the offerings made by fire to the LORD; for this is what I have been commanded. 14 And you and your so ns and daughters may eat the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the contribution in a ceremonially clean place, because these portions have been assigned to you and your children from the peace offerings of the sons of Israel. 15 They are to brin g the thigh of the contribution and the breast of the wave offering, together with the fat portions of the offerings made by fire, to wave as a wave offering before the LORD. It will belong permanently to you and your chil-dren, as the LORD has commanded. ” 10 a 1 Or strange   b 4 Elzaphan is a variant of Elizaphan  ; see Numbers 3:30. c 6 Or Do not uncover your heads   Leviticus 10: 15 | 131

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16 Later, Moses searched carefully for the goat of the sin offering, and behold, it had been burned up. He was angry with Eleazar and Ith-amar, Aaron's remaining sons, and asked, 17 “Why didn't you eat the sin offering in the holy place? For it is most holy; it was given to you to take away the guilt of the congregation by making atonement for them before the LORD. 18 Since its blood was not brought in-side the holy place, you should have eaten it in the sanctuary area, as I co mmanded. ” 19 But Aaron replied to Moses, “Behold, this very day they presented their sin offering and their burnt offering before the LORD. Since these things have happened to me, if I had eaten the sin offering today, would it have been acceptable in the sight of the LORD?” 20 And when Moses heard this explanation, he was satisfied. Clean and Unclean Animals (Deuteronomy 14:1-21 ; Acts 10:9-16) The LORD spoke again to Moses and Aaron, telling them, 2 “Say to the Isra-elites, 'Of all the beasts of the earth, these ones you may eat: 3 You may eat any animal that has a split hoof completely divided and that chews the cud. 4 But of those that only ch ew the cud or only have a divided hoof, you are not to eat the following: a   The camel, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. 5 The rock badger,b   though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. 6 The rabbit, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is un-clean for you. 7 And the pig, though it has a split hoof completely divided, does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you. 8 You must not eat their meat or touch their carcasses; they are unclean for you. 9 Of all the creatures that live in the water, whether in the seas or in the streams, you may eat anything with fins and scales. 10 But the following among all the teeming life and creatures in the water are detestable to you: everything in the seas or streams that does not have fins and scales. 11 They shall be an abom ination to you; you must not eat their meat, and you must detest their carcasses. 12 Everything in the water that does not have fins and scales shall be detestable to you. 13 Additionally, you are to detest the following birds, and they must not be eaten because they are detestable: the eagle, the bearded vulture, the black vulture, 14 the kite, any kind of falcon, 15 any kind of raven, 16 the ostrich,c   the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk, 17 the little owl, the cormoran t, the great owl, 18 the white owl, the desert owl, the osprey, 19 the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe, and the bat. 20 All flying insects that walk on all fours are detestable to you. 21 However, you may eat the following kinds of flying insects that walk on all fours: those having jointed legs above their 11 a 4 The precise identification of some of the birds and animals in this chapter is uncertain. b 5 Or The coney or The hyrax   c 16 Literally the daughter of the ostrich or the daughter of the owl 132 | Leviticus 10:16

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feet for hopping on the ground. 22 Of these you may eat any kind of locust, katydid, cricket, or grasshopper. 23 All other flying insects that have four legs are detestable to you. 24 These creatures will make you unclean. Whoever touches their carcasses will be un-clean until evening, 25 and whoever picks up one of their carcasses must wash his clothes, and he will be unclean until evening. 26 Every animal with hooves not completely divided a   or that does not chew the cud is un-clean for you. Whoever touches any of them will be unclean. 27 All the four-footed animals that walk on their paws are unclean for you; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean until evening, 28 and anyone who pi cks up a carcass must wash his clothes, and he will be unclean until evening. They are unclean for you. 29 The following creatures that move along the ground are unclean for you: the mole, the mouse, any kind of great lizard, 30 the gecko, the monitor liz ard, the common lizard, the skink, and the chameleon. 31 These animals are unclean for you among all the crawling creatures. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean un-til evening. 32 When one of them dies and falls on something, that article becomes unclean; any article of wood, clothing, leather, sack-cloth, or any implement used for work must be rinsed with water and will remain unclean until evening; then it will be clean. 33 If any of them falls into a clay pot, everything in it will be unclean; you must break the pot. 34 Any food coming into contact with water from that pot will be unclean, and any drink in such a container will be unclean. 35 Anything upon which one of their carcasses falls will be unclean. If it is an oven or cooking pot, it must be smashed; it is unclean and will remain u nclean for you. 36 Nevertheless, a spring or cistern containing water will remain clean, but one who touches a carcass in it will be unclean. 37 If a carcass falls on any seed for sowing, the seed is clean; 38 but if water has been put on the seed and a carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you. 39 If an animal that you may eat dies, anyone who touches the carcass will be unclean until evening. 40 Whoever eats from the carcass must wash his clothes and will be unclean until evening, and anyone who picks up the carcass must wash his clothes and will be unclean until evening. 41 Every creature that moves along the ground is detestable; it must not be eaten. 42 Do not eat any creature that moves along the ground, whether it crawls on its belly or walks on four or more feet; for such creatures are detesta-ble. 43 Do not defile yourselves by any crawling creature; do not become unclean or defiled by them. 44 For I am the LORD your God; conse-crate yourselves, therefore, and be holy, because I am holy. b   You must not defile your-selves by any creature that crawls along the ground. 45 For I am the LORD, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt so that I would be your God; therefore be holy, because I am holy. 46 This is the law regarding animals, birds, all living creatures that move in the water, and all creatures that crawl along the ground. 47 You must distinguish between the unclean and the clean, between animals that may be eaten and those that may not. '  ” Leviticus 11: 47 | 133 a 26 Literally a split hoof not completely divided   b 44 Here and in verse 45; cited in 1 Peter 1:16

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Purification after Childbirth Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Say to the Israelites, 'A woman who be-comes pregnant and gives birth to a son will be unclean for seven days, as she is during the days of her menstruation. 3 And on the eighth day the flesh of the boy's foreskin is to be ci r-cumcised. 4 The woman shall continue in purification from her bleeding for thirty-three days. She must not touch anything sacred or go into the sanctuary until the days of her purification are complete. 5 If, however, she gives birth to a daughter, the woman will be unclean for two weeks as she is during her menstruation. Then she must continue in purification from her bleeding for sixty-six days. 6 When the days of her purification are com-plete, whether for a son or for a daughter, she is to bring to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting a year-old lamb for a burnt offering and a young pigeon or a turtledove for a sin offering. 7 And the priest will present them before the LORD and make atonement for her; and she shall be ceremonially cleansed from her flow of blood. This is the law for a woman giving birth, whether to a male or to a female. 8 But if she cannot afford a lamb, she shall bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons,a   one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering. Then the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be clean. '  ” Laws about Skin Diseases (Numbers 5: 1-4) Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 2 “When someone has a swell-ing or rash or bright spot on his skin that could become an infectious skin disease,b   he must be brought to Aaron the priest or to one of his sons who is a priest. 3 The priest is to examine the infection on his skin, and if the hair in the infection has turned white and the sore appears to be deeper than the skin, it is a skin disease. After the priest ex-amines him, he must pronounce him unclean. 4 If, however, the spot on his skin is white and does not appear to be deeper than the skin, and the hair in it has not turned white, the priest shall isolate the infected person for seven days. 5 On the seventh day the priest is to reexamine him, and if he sees that the infec-tion is unchanged and has not spread on the skin, the priest must isolate him for another seven days. 6 The priest will exami ne him again on the seventh day, and if the sore has faded and has not spread on the skin, the priest shall pronounce him clean; it is a rash. The person must wash his clothes and be clean. 7 But if the rash spreads further on his skin af-ter he has shown himself to the priest for his cleansing, he must present himself again to the priest. 8 The priest will reexamine him, and if the rash has spread on the skin, the priest must pronounce him unclean; he has a skin disease. 9 When anyone develops a skin dise ase, he must be brought to the priest. 10 The priest will examine him, and if there is a white swell-ing on the skin that has turned the hair white, and there is raw flesh in the swelling, 11 it is a chronic skin disease and the priest must pro-nounce him un clean. He need not isolate him, for he is unclean. 12 But if the skin disease breaks out all over his skin so that it covers all the skin of the infected 12 13 134 | Leviticus 12: 1 a 8 Cited in Luke 2:24 b 2 Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy, were used for various skin diseases; here and throughout verses 3-46.

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person from head to foot, as far as the priest can see, 13 the priest shall examine him, and if the disease has covered his entire body, he is to pronounce the infected person clean. Since it has all turned white, he is clean. 14 But whenever raw flesh appears on some-one, he will be unclean. 15 When the priest sees the raw flesh, he must pronounce him unclean. The raw flesh is unclean; it is a skin disease. 16 But if the raw flesh changes and turns white, he must go to the priest. 17 The priest will reexamine him, and if the infection has turned white, the priest is to pronounce the infected person clean; then he is clean. 18 When a boil appears on someone's skin and it heals, 19 and a white swelling or a reddish-white spot develops where the boil was, he must present himself to the priest. 20 The priest shall ex amine it, and if it appears to be beneath the skin and the hair in it has turned white, the priest shall pronounce him unclean; it is a diseased infection that has broken out in the boil. 21 But when the priest examines it, if there is no white hair in it, and it is not beneath the skin and has faded, the priest shall isolate him for seven days. 22 If it spreads any further on the skin, the priest must pronounce him unclean; it is an infection. 23 But if the spot remains unchanged and does not spread, it is only the scar from the boil, and the priest shall pronounce him clean. 24 When there is a burn on someone's skin and the raw area of the burn becomes reddish-white or white, 25 the priest must examine it. If the hair in the spot has turned white and the spot appears to be deeper than the skin, it is a disease that has broken out in the burn. The priest must pronounce him unclean; it is a diseased infection. 26 But if the priest examines it and there is no white hair in the spot, and it is not beneath the skin but has faded, the priest shall isolate him for seven days. 27 On the seventh day the priest is to reexamine him, and if it has spread further on the skin, the priest must pronounce him unclean; it is a diseased infection. 28 But if the spot is unchanged and has not spread on the skin but has faded, it is a swelling from th e burn, and the priest is to pronounce him clean; for it is only the scar from the burn. 29 If a man or woman has an infection on the head or chin, 30 the priest shall examine the infection, and if it appears to be deeper than the skin and the hair in it is yellow and thin, the priest must pronounce him unclean; it is a scaly outbreak, an infectious disease of the head or chin. 31 But if the priest examines the scaly infection and it does not appear to be deeper than the skin, and there is no black hair in it, the priest shall isolate the infected person for seven days. 32 On the seventh day the priest is to reexamine the infection, and if the scaly out-break has not spread and there is no yellow hair in it, and it does not appear to be deeper than the sk in, 33 then the person must shave himself except for the scaly area. Then the priest shall isolate him for another seven days. 34 On the seventh day the priest shall examine the scaly outbreak, and if it has not spread on the skin and does not appear to be deeper than the skin, the priest is to pronounce him clean. He must wash his clothes, and he will be clean. 35 If, however, the scaly outbreak spreads fur-ther on the skin after his cleansing, 36 the priest is to examine him, and if the scaly out-break has spread on the skin, the priest need not look for yellow hair; the person is unclean. Leviticus 13: 36 | 135

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37 If, however, in his sight the scaly outbreak is unchanged and black hair has grown in it, then it has healed. He is clean, and the priest is to pronounce him clean. 38 When a man or a woman has white spots on the skin, 39 the priest shall examine them, an d if the spots are dull white, it is a harmless rash that has broken out on the skin; the person is clean. 40 Now if a man loses his hair and is bald, he is still clean. 41 Or if his hairline recedes and he is bald on his forehead, he is still clean. 42 But if there is a reddish-white sore on the bald head or forehead, it is an infectious disease breaking out on it. 43 The priest is to examine him, and if the swelling of the infection on his bald head or forehead is reddish-white like a skin disease, 44 the man is diseased; he is un-clean. The priest must pronounce him unclean because of the infection on his head. 45 A diseased person must wear torn clothes and let his hair hang loose,a   and he must cover his mouth and cry out, 'Unclean, unclean!' 46 As long as he has the infection, he remains unclean. He must live alone in a place outside the camp. Laws about Mildew 47 If any fabric is contaminated with mil-dew b  —any wool or linen garment, 48 any weave or knit of linen or wool, or any article of leather — 49 and if the mark in the fabric, leather, weave, knit, or leather article is green or red, then it is contaminated with mildew and must be shown to the priest. 50 And the priest is to examine the mildew and isolate the contaminated fabric for seven days. 51 On the seventh day the priest shall re- examine it, and if the mildew has spread in the fabric, weave, knit, or leather, then regardless of how it is used, it is a harmful mildew; the article is unclean. 52 He is to burn the fabric, weave, or knit, whether the contaminated item is wool or linen or leather. Since the mil-dew is harmful, the article must be burned up. 53 But when the priest reexamines it, if the mil-dew has not spread in the fabric, weave, knit, or leather article, 54 the priest is to order the contaminated article to be washed and iso-lated for another seven days. 55 After it has been washed, the priest is to reexamine it, and if the mildewed article has not changed in appearance, it is unclean. Even though the mildew has not spread, you must burn it, whether the rot is on the fron t or back. 56 If the priest examines it and the mildew has faded after it has been washed, he must cut the contaminated section out of the fabric, leather, weave, or knit. 57 But if it reappears in the fab-ric, weave, or knit, or on any leather article, it is spreading. You must burn the contaminated article. 58 If the mildew disappears from the fabric, weave, or knit, or any leather article after washing, then it is to be washed again, and it will be clean. 59 This is the law concerning a mildew con-tamin ation in wool or linen fabric, weave, or knit, or any leather article, for pronouncing it clean or unclean. ” Cleansing from Skin Diseases (Matthew 8: 1-4 ; Mark 1:40-45 ; Luke 5:12-16) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “This is the law for the one afflicted with a skin disease c   on the day of his cleansing, when he is brought to the priest. 3 The priest is to go 14 136 | Leviticus 13:37 a 45 Or uncover his head   b 47 Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy regarding skin diseases, are translated as mildew regarding blemishes on garments, utensils, or buildings; here and throughout the remainder of this chapter. c 2 Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy, were used for various skin diseases ; also in verses 3, 7, 32, 54, and 57.

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outside the camp to examine him, and if the skin disease of the afflicted person has healed, 4 the priest shall order that two live clean birds, cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop be brought for the one to be cleansed. 5 Then the priest shall command that one of the birds be slaughtered over fresh water a   in a clay pot. 6 And he is to take the live bird to-gether with the cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop, and dip them into the blood of the bird that was slaughtered ove r the fresh water. 7 Seven times he shall sprinkle the one to be cleansed of the skin disease. Then he shall pro-nounce him clean and release the live bird into the open field. 8 The one being cleansed must wash his clothes, shave off all his hair, and bat he with water; then he will be ceremonially clean. Afterward, he may enter the camp, but he must remain outside his tent for seven days. 9 On the seventh day he must shave off all his hair— his head, his beard, his eyebrows, and the rest of his hair. He mu st wash his clothes and bathe himself with water, and he will be clean. 10 On the eighth day he is to bring two unblem-ished male lambs, an unblemished ewe lamb a year old, a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour b   mixed with olive oil, and one log of olive oil. c   11 The priest who performs the cleansing shall present the one to be cleansed, together with these offerings, before the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 12 Then the priest is to take one of the male lambs and present it as a guilt offering, along with the log of olive oil; and he must wave them as a wave offering before the LORD. 13 Then he is to slaughter the lamb in the sanc-tuary area where the sin offering and burnt of-fering are slaughtered. Like the sin offering, the guilt offering belongs to the priest; it is most holy. 14 The priest is to take some of the blood from the guilt offering and put it on the right ear-lobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thu mb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot. 15 Then the priest shall take some of the log of olive oil, pour it into his left palm, 16 dip his right forefinger into the oil in his left palm, and sprinkle some of the oil with his finger seve n times before the LORD. 17 And the priest is to put some of the oil remaining in his palm on the right earlobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot, on top of the blood of the guilt offering. 18 The rest of the oil in his palm, the priest is to put on the head of the one to be cleansed, to make atonement for him before the LORD. 19 Then the priest is to sacrifice the sin offer-ing and make atonement for the one to be cleansed from his uncleanness. After that, the priest shall slaughter the burnt offering 20 and offer it on the altar, with the grain offering, to make atonement for him, and he will be clean. 21 If, however, the person is poor and cannot afford these offerings, he is to take one male lamb as a guilt offering to be waved to make atonement for him, along with a tenth of an ephah of fine flour  d   mixed with olive oil for a grain offering, a log of olive oil, 22 and two turtledoves or two young pigeons, whichever he can afford, one to be a sin offering and the other a burnt offering. Leviticus 14: 22 | 137 a 5 Or flowing water or living water  ; here and in verses 6, 50, 51, and 52 b 10 Three-tenths of an ephah is approxi-mately 6 dry quarts or 6. 6 liters (probably about 7. 6 pounds or 3. 5 kilograms of flour). c 10 Or one log of oil  ; that is, approximately 0. 33 quarts or 0. 31 liters; also in verses 12, 15, 21, and 24 d 21 A tenth of an ephah is approxi-mately 2 dry quarts or 2. 2 liters (probably about 2. 6 pounds or 1. 2 kilograms of flour).

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23 On the eighth day he is to bring them for his cleansing to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting before the LORD. 24 The priest shall take the lamb for the guilt offering, along with the log of olive oil, and wave them as a wave offering before the LORD. 25 And after he slaughters the lamb for the guilt offering, the priest is to take some of the blood of the guilt offering and put it on the right earlobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot. 26 Then the priest is to pour some of the oil into his left palm 27 and sprin-kle with his right forefinger some of the oil in his left palm s even times before the LORD. 28 The priest shall also put some of the oil in his palm on the right earlobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot —on the same places as the blood of the guilt offering. 29 The rest of the oil in his palm, the priest is to put on the head of the one to be cleansed, to make atonement for him before the LORD. 30 Then he must sacrifice the turtledoves or young pigeons, whichever he can afford, 31 one as a sin offering and t he other as a burnt offering,a   together with the grain offering. In this way the priest will make atonement be-fore the LORD for the one to be cleansed. 32 This is the law for someone who has a skin disease and cannot afford the cost of his cleansing. ” Signs of Home Contamination 33 Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 34 “When you enter the land of Canaan, which I am giving you as your possession, and I put a contamination of mildew b   into a house in that land, 35 the owner of the house shall come and tell the priest, 'Something like mildew has ap-peared in my house. ' 36 The priest must order that the house be cleared before he enters it to examine the mil-dew, so that nothing in the house will become unclean. After this, the priest shall go in to inspect the house. 37 He is to examine the house, and if the mil-dew on the walls consists of green or red depressions that appear to be beneath the sur-face of the wall, 38 the priest shall go outside the doorway of the house and close it up for seven days. 39 On the seventh day the priest is to return and inspect the house. If the mildew has spread on the walls, 40 he must order that the contaminated stones be pulled out and thrown into an unclean place outside the city. 41 And he shall have the inside of the house scraped completely and the plaster that is scraped off dumped into an unclean place out-side the city. 42 So different stones must be obtained to re-place the contaminated ones, as well as addi-tional mortar to replaster the house. 43 If the mildew reappears in the house after the stones have been torn out and the house has been scraped and replastere d, 44 the priest must come and inspect it. If the mildew has spread in the house, it is a destructive mildew; the house is unclean. 45 It must be torn down with its stones, its timbers, and all its plaster, and taken outside the city to an unclean place. 46 Anyone who enters the house during any of the days that it is closed up will be unclean until evening. 47 And any-one who sleeps in the house or eats in it must wash his clothes. a 31 LXX and Syriac; Hebrew includes as he is able to afford,   b 34 Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy regarding skin diseases, are translated as mildew regarding blemishes on garments, utensils, or buildings; here and throughout the remainder of this chapter. 138 | Leviticus 14:23

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Cleansing a Home 48 If, however, the priest comes and inspects it, and the mildew has not spread after the house has been replastered, he shall pronounce the house clean, because the mildew is gone. 49 He is to take two birds, cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop to purify t he house; 50 and he shall slaughter one of the birds over fresh wa-ter in a clay pot. 51 Then he shall take the cedar wood, the hys-sop, the scarlet yarn, and the live bird, dip them in the blood of the slaughtered bird and the fresh water, and sprinkle the house seven times. 52 And he shall cleanse the house with the bird's blood, the fresh water, the live bird, the cedar wood, the hyssop, and the scarlet yarn. 53 Finally, he is to release the live bird into the open fields outside the city. In this way he will make atonement for the house, and it will be clean. 54 This is the law for any infectious skin dis-ease, for a scaly outbreak, 55 for mildew in clothing or in a house, 56 and for a swelling, rash, or spot, 57 to determine when something is clean or unclean. This is the law regarding skin diseases and mildew. a  ” The Uncleanness of Men (Deuteronomy 23:9-14) And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 2 “Say to the Israelites, 'When any man has a bodily discharge, the discharge is unclean. 3 This uncleanness is from his dis-charge, whether his body allows the discharge to flow or blocks it. So his discharge will bring about uncleanness. 4 Any bed on which the man with the dis-charge lies will be unclean, and any furniture on which he sits will be unclean. 5 Anyone who touches his bed must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening. 6 Whoever sits on furniture on which the man with the discharge was sitting must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening. 7 Whoever touches the body of the man with a discharge must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until even-ing. 8 If the man with the discharge spits on one who is clean, that person must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening. 9 Any saddle on which the man with the dis-charge rides will be unclean. 10 Whoever touches anything that was under him will be unclean until evening, and whoever carries such things must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until even-ing. 11 If the man with the discharge touches any-one without first rinsing his hands with water, the one who was touched must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening. 12 Any clay pot that the man with the discharge touches must be bro-ken, and any wooden utensil must be rinsed with water. The Cleansing of Men 13 When the man has been cleansed from his discharge, he must count off seven days for his cleansing, wash his clothes, and bathe himself in fresh water,b   and he shall be clean. 14 On the eighth day he is to take two turtledoves or two young pigeons, come before the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, and give them to the priest. 15 The priest is to sacrifice them, one as a sin offeri ng and the other as a burnt 15Leviticus 15: 15 | 139 a 57 The Hebrew translated here as skin diseases and mildew is one singular term; see the footnotes for verses 2 and 34. b 13 Or flowing water or living water

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offering. In this way the priest will make atonement for the man before the LORD be-cause of his discharge. 16 When a man has an emission of semen, he must bathe his whole body with water, and he will be unclean until evening. 17 Any clothing or leather on which there is an emission of se-men must be washed with water, and it will remain unclean until evening. 18 If a man lies with a woman and there is an emission of semen, both must bathe with water, and they will remain unclean until evening. The Unclean ness of Women 19 When a woman has a discharge consisting of blood from her body, she will be unclean due to her menstruation for seven days, and anyone who touches her will be unclean until evening. 20 Anything on which she lies or sits during her menstrua tion will be unclean, 21 and anyone who touches her bed must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening. 22 Whoever touches any furniture on which she was sitting must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening. 23 And whether it is a bed or furniture on which she was sitting, whoever touches it will be unclean until evening. 24 If a man lies with her and her menstrual flow touches him, he will be unclean for seven days, and any bed on whic h he lies will be-come unclean. 25 When a woman has a discharge of her blood for many days at a time other than her men-strual period, or if it continues beyond her pe-riod, she will be unclean all the days of her un-clean discharge, just as she is during the days of her menstruation. 26 Any b ed on which she lies or any furniture on which she sits during the days of her discharge will be unclean, like her bed during her menstrual period. 27 Any-one who touches these things will be unclean; he must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he w ill be unclean until evening. The Cleansing of Women 28 When a woman is cleansed of her discharge, she must count off seven days, and after that she will be ceremonially clean. 29 On the eighth day she is to take two turtledoves or two young pigeons and b ring them to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 30 The priest is to sacrifice one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering. In this way the priest will make atonement for her before the LORD for her unclean discharge. 31 You mus t keep the children of Israel sepa-rate from their uncleanness, so that they do not die by defiling My tabernacle, which is among them. 32 This is the law of him who has a discharge, of the man who has an emission of semen whereby he is unclean, 33 of a woman in her menstrual period, of any male or female who has a discharge, and of a man who lies with an unclean woman. '  ” The Day of Atonement (Leviticus 23:2 6-32 ; Numbers 29:7-11) Now the LORD spoke to Moses after the death of two of Aaron's sons when they approached the presence of the LORD. 2 And the LORD said to Moses: “Tell your brother Aaron not to enter freely into the Most Holy Place  a   behind the veil in front of the mercy seat b   on the ark, or else he will die, be-cause I appear in the cloud above the mercy seat. 3 This is how Aaron is to enter the Holy Place: with a young bull for a sin offering and a ram 16 140 | Leviticus 15: 16 a 2 Or the Holy Place  ; also in verses 16, 17, 20, 23, and 27 b 2 Or atonement cover  ; here and throughout this chapter

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for a burnt offering. 4 He is to wear the sacred linen tunic, with linen undergarments. He must tie a linen sash around him and put on the linen turban. These are holy garments, and he must bathe himself with water before he wears them. 5 And he shall take from the con-gregation of Israel two male goats for a sin of-fering and one ram for a burnt offering. 6 Aaron is to present the bull for his sin offer-ing and make atonement for himself and his household. 7 Then he shall take the two goats and present them before the LORD at the en-trance to the Tent of Meeting. 8 After Aaron casts lots for the two goats, one for the LORD and the other for the scapegoat,a   9 he shall present the goat chosen by lot for the LORD and sacrifice it as a sin offering. 10 But the goa t chosen by lot as the scapegoat shall be presented alive before the LORD to make atonement by sending it into the wilderness as the scapegoat. 11 When Aaron presents the bull for his sin of-fering and makes atonement for himself and his household, he is t o slaughter the bull for his own sin offering. 12 Then he must take a censer full of burning coals from the altar be-fore the LORD, and two handfuls of finely ground fragrant incense, and take them inside the veil. 13 He is to put the incense on the fire before the LORD, and the cloud of incense will cover the mercy seat above the Testimony,b   so that he will not die. 14 And he is to take some of the bull's blood and sprinkle it with his fin-ger on the east side of the mercy seat; then he shall sprinkle some of it with his finger seven times before the mercy seat. 15 Aaron shall then slaughter the goat for the sin offering for the people and bring its blood behind the veil, and with its blood he must do as he did with the bull's blood: He is to sprin-kle it against the mercy seat and in front of it. 16 So he shall make atonement for the Most Holy Place because of the impurities and re-bellious acts of the Israelites in regard to all their sins. He is to do the same for the Tent of Meeting which abides among them, because it is surrounded by their impurities. 17 No one may be in the Tent of Meeting from the time Aaron goes in to make atonement in the Most Holy Place until he leaves, after he has made atonement for himself, his household, and the whole assembly of Israel. 18 Then he shall go out to the altar that is be-fore the LORD and make atonement for it. He is to take some of the bull's blood and some of the goat's blood and put it on all the horns of the altar. 19 He is to sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times to cleanse it and consecrate it from the uncleanness of the Israelites. 20 When Aaron has finished purifying the Most Holy Place, the Tent of Meeting, and the altar, he is to bring forward the live goat. 21 Then he is to lay both hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities and rebel-lious acts of the Israelites in regard to all their sins. He is to put them on the goat's head and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man appointed for the task. 22 The goat will carry on itself all their iniquities into a sol-itary place, and the man will rel ease it into the wilderness. 23 Then Aaron is to enter the Tent of Meeting, take off the linen garments he put on before entering the Most Holy Place, and leave them there. 24 He is to bathe himself with water in a holy place and put on his own clothes. T hen he must go out and sacrifice his burnt offering Leviticus 16: 24 | 141 a 8 Literally the other to Azazel  ; similarly twice in verse 10 and once in verse 26 b 13 The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments.

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and the people's burnt offering to make atone-ment for himself and for the people. 25 He is also to burn the fat of the sin offering on the altar. 26 The man who released the goat as the scapegoat must wash his clothes and bathe himself with water; afterward he may reenter the camp. 27 The bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought into the Most Holy Place to make atonement, must be taken outside the camp; and their hides, flesh, and dung must be burned up. 28 The one who burns them must wash his clothes and bathe himself with water, and afterward he may reenter the camp. 29 This is to be a permanent statute for you: On the tenth day of the seventh month, you shall humble yourselves a   and not do any work — whether the native or the foreigner who resides among you — 30 because on this day atonement will be made for you to cleanse you, and you will be clean from all your sins before the LORD. 31 It is a Sabbath of complete rest for you, that you may humble yourselves; it is a permanent statute. 32 The priest who is anoin ted and ordained to succeed his father as high priest shall make atonement. He will put on the sacred linen garments 33 and make atonement for the Most Holy Place,b   the Tent of Meeting, and the altar, and for the priests and all the people of the assembly. 34 This is to be a permanent statute for you, to make atonement once a year for the Israelites because of all their sins. ” And all this was done as the LORD had com-manded Moses. The Place of Sacrifice Th en the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Speak to Aaron, his sons, and all the Israelites and tell them this is what the LORD has commanded: 3 'Anyone from the house of Israel who slaughters an ox,c   a lamb, or a goat in the camp or outside of it 4 instead of bring-ing it to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting to present it as an offering to the LORD before His tabernacle —that man shall incur bloodguilt. He has shed blood and must be cut off from among his people. 5 For this reason the Israelites will bring to the LORD the s acrifices they have been offering in the open fields. They are to bring them to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting and offer them as sacrifices of peace to the LORD. 6 The priest will then sprinkle the blood on the altar of the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting and burn the fat as a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 7 They must no longer offer their sacrifices to the goat demons d   to which they have prosti-tuted themselves. This will be a permanent statute for them for the generations to come. ' 8 Tell them that if anyone from the house of Is-rael or any foreigner living among them offers a burnt offering or a sacrifice 9 but does not bring it to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting to sacrifice it to the LORD, that man must be cut off from his people. Laws agains t Eating Blood 10 If anyone from the house of Israel or a for-eigner living among them eats any blood, I will set My face ag ainst that person and cut him off from among his people. 11 For the life e   of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you 17 142 | Leviticus 16: 25 a 29 Or afflict your souls or deny yoursel ves ; also in verse 31 b 33 Or the Holy Sanctuary c 3 Or a bull or a cow   d 7 Or goat idols   e 11 Literally the soul  ; also in verse 14

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to make atonement for your souls upon the al-tar; for it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul. 12 Therefore I say to the Israelites, 'None of you may eat blood, nor may any for-eigner living among you eat blood. ' 13 And if any Israelite or foreign er living among them hunts down a wild animal or bird that may be eaten, he must drain its blood and cover it with dirt. 14 For the life of all flesh is its blood. Therefore I have told the Israelites, 'You must not eat the blood of any living thing, becau se the life of all flesh is its blood; who-ever eats it must be cut off. ' 15 And any person, whether native or for-eigner, who eats anything found dead or mauled by wild beasts must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean until evening; then he will be clean. 16 But if he does not wash his clothes and bathe himself, then he shall bear his iniquity. ” Unlawfu l Sexu al Relations (Matthew 5:27-30) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them: I am the LORD your G od. 3 You must not follow the practices of the land of Egypt, where you used to live, and you must not fol-low the practices of the land of Canaan, into which I am bringing you. You must not walk in their customs. 4 You are to practice My judgments and keep My statutes by walking in them. I am the LORD your God. 5 Keep My statutes and My judg-ments, for the man who does these things will live by them. a   I am the LORD. 6 None of you are to approach any close rela-tive to have sexual relations. b   I am the LORD. 7 You must not expose the nakedness of your father by having sexual relations with your mother. She is your mother; you must not have sexual relations with her. 8 You must not have sexual relations with your father's wife; it would dishonor your father. 9 You must not have sexual relations with your sister, either your father's daughter or your mother's daughter, whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere. 10 You must not have sexual relations with your son's daughter or your daughter's daugh-ter, for that would shame your family. 11 You must not have sexual relations with the daughter of your father's wife, born to your fa-ther; she is your sister. 12 You must not have sexual relations with your father's sister; she is your father's close relative. 13 You must not have sexual relations with your mother's sister, for she is your mother's close relative. 14 You must not dishonor your father's brother by approaching his wife to have sex-ual relations with her; she is your aunt. 15 You must not have s exual relations with your daughter-in-law. She is your son's wife; you are not to have sexual relations with her. 16 You must not have sexual relations with your brother's wife; that would shame your brother. 17 You must not have sexual relations with both a woman and her daughter. You are not to marry her son's daughter or her daughter's daughter and have sexual relations with her. They are close relatives; it is depraved. 18 Leviticus 18: 17 | 143 a 5 Cited in Romans 10:5 and Galatians 3:12; see also Ezekiel 20:11, 13, and 21. b 6 Literally to uncover (their) nakedness  ; here and throughout this chapter

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18 You must not take your wife's sister as a ri-val wife and have sexual relations with her while your wife is still alive. 19 You must not approach a woman to have sexual relations with her during her men-strual period. 20 You must not lie carnally with your neigh-bor's wife and thus defile yourself with her. 21 You must not give any of your children to be sacrificed a   to Molech, for you must not pro-fane the name of your God. I am the LORD. 22 You must not lie with a man as with a woma n; that is an abomination. 23 You must not lie carnally with any animal, thus defiling yourself with it; a woman must not stand before an animal to mate with it; that is a perversion. 24 Do not defile yourselves by any of these practices, for by all these things the nations I am driving out before you have defiled them-selves. 25 Even the land has become defiled, so I am punishing it for its sin, and the land will vomit out its inhabitants. 26 But you are to keep My statutes and ordi-nances, and you must not commit any of these abominations —neither your native-born nor the foreigner who lives among you. 27 For the men who were in the land before you commit-ted all these abominations, and the land has become defiled. 28 So if you defile the land, it will vomit you out as it spewed out the nations before you. 29 Therefore anyone who commits any of these abominations must be cut off from among his people. 30 You must keep My charge not to practice any of the abominable customs that were practiced before you, so that you do not defile yourselves by them. I am the LO RD your God. ” Commandments for Holiness Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Speak to the whole congregation of Israel and tell them: Be holy because I, the LORD your God, am holy. b 3 Each of you must respect his mother and fa-ther, a nd you must keep My Sabbaths. I am the LORD your God. 4 Do not turn to idols or make for yourselves molten gods. I am the LORD your God. 5 When you sacrifice a peace offering to the LORD, you shall offer it for your acceptance. 6 It shall be eaten on the day you sacrifice it, or on the next day; but what remains on the third day must be burned up. 7 If any of it is eaten on the third day, it is tainted and will not be ac-cepted. 8 Whoever eats it will bear his iniquity, for he has profaned what is holy to the LORD. That person must be cut off from his people. Love Your Neighbor (Romans 13:8-10) 9 When you reap the harvest of your land, you are not to reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest. 10 You must not strip your vineyard bare or gather its fallen grapes. Leave them for the poor and the foreigner. I am the L ORD your God. 11 You must not steal. You must not lie or de-ceive one another. 12 You must not swear falsely by My name and so profane the name of your God. I am the LORD. 13 You must not defraud your neighbor or rob him. You must not withhold until morning the wages due a hired hand. 19 144 | Leviticus 18:18 a 21 Hebrew to mak e them pass through (the fire)   b 2 Cited in 1 Peter 1:16

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14 You must not cu rse the deaf or place a stum-bling block before the blind, but you shall fear your God. I am the LORD. 15 You must not pervert justice; you must not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the rich; you are to judge your neighbor fairly. 16 You must not go about spreading slander among your people. You must not endanger the life a   of your neigh-bor. I am the LORD. 17 You must not harbor hatred against your brother in your heart. Directly rebuke your neighbor, so that you will not incur guilt on account of him. 18 Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against any of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. b   I am the LORD. Keep My Statutes 19 You are to keep My statutes. You shall not crossbreed two different kinds of livestock; you shall not sow your fields with two kinds of seed; and you shall not wear clothing made of two kinds of materi al. 20 If a man lies carnally with a slave girl prom-ised to another man but who has not been re-deemed or given her freedom, there must be due punishment. But they are not to be put to death, because she had not been freed. 21 The man, however, must bring a ram to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting as his guilt of-fering to the LORD. 22 The priest shall make atonement on his behalf before the LORD with the ram of the guilt offering for the sin he has committed, and he will be fo rgiven the sin he has committed. 23 When you enter the land and plant any kind of tree for food, you shall regard the fruit as forbidden. c   For three years it will be forbid-den to you and must not be eaten. 24 In the fourth year all its fruit must be consecrated as a praise offering to the LORD. 25 But in the fifth year you may eat its fruit; thus your harves t will be increased. I am the LORD your God. 26 You must not eat anything with blood still in it. You must not practice divination or sorcery. 27 You must not cut off the hair at the sides of your head or clip off the edges of your beard. 28 You must not make any cuts in your bodies for the dead or put tattoo marks on your-selves. I am the LORD. 29 You must not defile your daughter by making her a prostitute, or the land will be prostituted and filled with depravity. 30 You must keep My Sabbaths and have rev-erence for My sanctuary. I am the LORD. 31 You must not turn to mediums or spiritists; do not seek them out, or you will be defiled by them. I am the LORD your God. 32 You are to rise in the presence of the elderly, honor the aged, and fear your God. I am the LORD. 33 When a foreigner resides with you in your land, you must not oppress him. 34 You must treat the foreigner living among you as native-born and love him as yourself, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God. 35 You must not use d ishonest measures of length, weight, or volume. 36 You shall main-tain honest scales and weights, an honest ephah,d   and an honest hin. e   I am the LORD Leviticus 19: 36 | 145 a 16 Literally blood   b 18 Cited in Matthew 5:43, Matthew 19:19, Matthew 22:39, Mark 12:31, Luke 10:27, Romans 13:9, Galatians 5:14, and James 2:8 c 23 Hebrew as uncircumcised  ; twice in this verse d 36 An ephah is a dry measure of approximately 20 dry quarts or 22 liters. e 36 A hin is a liquid measure of approximately 0. 97 gallons or 3. 67 liters.

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your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt. 37 You must keep all My statutes and all My or-dinances and follow them. I am the LORD. ” Punishment s for Disobedience (Leviticus 26:1 4-39 ; Deuteronomy 28:1 5-68) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Tell the Israelites, 'Any Israelite or for-eigner living in Israel who gives any of his children to Molech must be put to death. The people of the land are to stone him. 3 And I will set My face against that man and cut him off from his people, because by giving his off-spring to Molech, he has defiled My sanctuary and profaned My holy name. 4 And if the people of the land ever hide their eyes and fail to put to death the man who gives one of his children to Molech, 5 then I will set My face against that man and his family and cut off from among their people both him and all who follow him in prostituting themselves with Molech. 6 Whoever turns to mediums or spiritists to prostitute himself with them, I will also set My face against that person and cut him off from his people. 7 Consecrate yourselves, therefore, and be holy, because I am the LORD your God. 8 And you shall keep My statutes and practice them. I am the LORD who sanctifies you. 9 If anyone curses a   his father or mother, he must be put to death. b   He has cursed his father or mother; his blood shall be upon him. Punishments for Sexual Immorality (Proverbs 5: 1-23 ; 1 Corinthians 5:1-8) 10 If a man commits adultery with another man's wife —with the wife of his neighbor—both the adulterer and the adulteress must surely be put to death. 11 If a man lies with his father's wife, he has uncovered his father's nakedness. Both must surely be put to death; their blood is upon them. 12 If a man lies with his daughter-in-law, both must surely be put to death. They have acted perversely; their blood is upon them. 13 If a man lies with a man as with a woman, they have both committed an abomination. They must surely be put to death; their blood is upon them. 14 If a man marries both a woman and her mother, it is depraved. Both he and they must be burned in the fire, so that there will be no depravity among you. 15 If a man lies carnally with an animal, he must be put to death. And you are also to kill the animal. 16 If a woman approaches any animal to mate with it, you must kill both the woman and the animal. They must surely be put to death; their blood is upon them. 17 If a man marries his sister, w hether the daughter of his father or of his mother, and they have sexual relations,c   it is a disgrace. They must be cut off in the sight of their peo-ple. He has uncovered the nakedness of his sister; he shall bear his iniquity. 18 If a man lies with a menstruating woman and has sexual relations with her,d   he has ex-posed the source of her flow, and she has un-covered the source of her blood. Both of them must be cut off fr om among their people. 19 You must not have sexual relations with the sister of your mother or your father, for it is 20 146 | Leviticus 19:37 a 9 Or dishonors or reviles  ; similarly again in this verse b 9 Cited in Matthew 15:4 and Mark 7:10 c 17 Literally and he sees her nakedness and she sees his nakedness   d 18 Literally uncovers her nakedness  ; similarly in verse 19

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exposing one's own kin; both shall bear their iniquity. 20 If a man lies with his uncle's wife, he has un-covered the nakedness of his uncle. They will bear their sin; they shall die childless. 21 If a man marries his brother's wife, it is an act of impurity. He has uncovered the naked-ness of his brother; they shall be childless. Distinguish between Clean and Unclean 22 You are therefore to keep all My statutes and ordinances, so that the land wher e I am bringing you to live will not vomit you out. 23 You must not follow the statutes of the nations I am driving out before you. Because they did all these things, I abhorred them. 24 But I have told you that you will inherit their land, since I will give it to you as an inher-itance —a land flowing with milk and honey. I am the LORD your God, who has set you apart from the peoples. 25 You are therefore to distinguish between clean and unclean animals and birds. Do not become contaminated by any animal or bird, or by anything that crawls on the ground; I have set these apart as unclean for you. 26 You are to be holy to Me because I, the LORD, am holy, and I have set you apart from the nations to be My own. 27 A man or a woman who is a medium or spir-itist must surely be put to death. They shall be stoned; their blood is upon them. '  ” Holiness Required of Priests Then the LORD said to Moses, “Speak to Aaron's sons, the priests, and tell them that a priest is not to defile himself for a dead person among his people, 2 except for his immediate family— his mother, father, son, daughter, or brother, 3 or his unmarried s ister who is near to him, since she has no husband. 4 He is not to defile himself for those related to him by marriage, and so profane himself. 5 Priests must not make bald spots on their heads, shave off the edges of their beards, or make cuts in their bodies. 6 They must be holy to their God and not profane the name of their God. Because they present to the LORD the of-ferings made by fire, the foo d of their God, they must be holy. 7 A priest must not marry a woman defiled by prostitution or divorced by her husband, for the priest is holy to his God. 8 You are to regard him as holy, since he presents the food of your God. He shall be holy to you, b ecause I the LORD am holy —I who set you apart. 9 If a priest's daughter defiles herself by prostitut-ing herself, she profanes her father; she must be burned in the fire. 10 The priest who is highest among his broth-ers, who has had the anointing oil poured on his head and has been ordained to wear the priestly garments, must not let his hair hang loose a   or tear his garments. 11 He must not go near any dead body; he must not defile him-self, even for his father or mother. 12 He must not leave or desecrate the sanctuary of his God, for the consecration of the anointing oil of his God is on him. I am the LORD. 13 The woman he marries must be a virgin. 14 He is not to marry a widow, a divorced woman, or one defiled by prostitution. He is to marry a virgin from his own people, 15 so that he does not defile his offspring among his peo-ple, for I am the LORD who sanctifies him. ” Restrictions agains t Those with Blemishes 16 Then the LORD said to Moses, 17 “Say to Aa-ron, 'For the generations to come, none of your descendants who has a physical defect may approach to offer the food of his God. 21 Leviticus 21: 17 | 147 a 10 Or must not uncover his head  

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18 No man who has any defect may ap-proach —no man who is blind, lame, disfig-ured, or d eformed; 19 no man who has a broken foot or hand, 20 or who is a hunchback or dwarf, or who has an eye defect, a festering rash, scabs, or a crushed testicle. 21 No descendant of Aaron the priest who has a defect shall approach to present the offer-ings m ade by fire to the LORD. Since he has a defect, he is not to come near to offer the food of his God. 22 He may eat the most holy food of his God as well as the holy food, 23 but because he has a defect, he must not go near the veil or approach the altar, s o as not to desecrate My sanctuaries. For I am the LORD who sanctifies them. '  ” 24 Moses told this to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites. Restrictions against the Unclean Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Tell Aaron and his sons to treat with re-spect the sacred offerings that the Israelites have consecrated to Me, so that they do not profane My holy name. I am the LORD. 3 Tell them that for the generations to come, if any of their descendants in a state of unclean-ness approaches the sacred offerings that the Israelites consecrate to the LORD, that person must be cut off from My presence. I am the LORD. 4 If a descendant of Aaron has a skin disease a   or a discharge, he may not eat the sacred of-ferings until he is clean. Whoever touches any- thing defiled by a corpse or by a man who has an emission of semen, 5 or whoever touches a crawling creature or a person that makes him unclean, whatever the uncleanness may be — 6 the man who touches any of these will remain unclean until evening. He must not eat from the sacred offerings unless he has bathed himself with water. 7 When the sun has set, he will become clean, and then he may eat from the sacred offerings, for they are his food. 8 He must not eat any-thing found dead or torn by wild animals, which would make him unclean. I am the LORD. 9 The priests must keep My charge, lest they bear the guilt and die because they pro-fane it. I am the LORD who sanctifies them. 10 No one outside a priest's family may eat the sacred offering, nor may the guest of a priest or his hired hand eat it. 11 But if a priest buys a slave with his own money, or if a slave is born in his household, that slave may eat his food. 12 If the priest's daughter is married to a man other than a priest, she is not to eat of the s a-cred contributions. 13 But if a priest's daughter with no children becomes widowed or di-vorced and returns to her father's house, she may share her father's food as in her youth. But no outsider may share it. 14 If anyone eats a sacred offering in error, he must add a fifth to its value and give the sacred offering to the priest. 15 The priests must not profane the sacred offerings that the Israelites present to the LORD 16 by allowing the people to eat the sacred offerings and thus to bear the punishment for guilt. For I am the LORD who sanctifies them. ” Worthy Offerings 17 Then the LORD said to Moses, 18 “Speak to Aaron and his sons and all the Israelites and tell them, 'Any man of the house of Israel or any foreign resident who presents a gift for a burnt offering to the LORD, whether to fulfill a vow or as a freewill offering, 19 must offer an unblemished male from the cattle, sheep, or 22 148 | Leviticus 21:18 a 4 Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy, were used for various skin diseases ; see Levit-icus 13.

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goats in order for it to be accepted on your be-half. 20 You must not present anything with a defect, because it will not be accepted on your behalf. 21 When a man presents a peace offering to the LORD from the herd or flock to fulfill a vow or as a freewi ll offering, it must be without blem-ish or defect to be acceptable. 22 You are not to present to the LORD any animal that is blind, injured, or maimed, or anything with a run-ning sore, a festering rash, or a scab; you must not put any of these on the altar as an offering made by fire to the LORD. 23 You may present as a freewill offering an ox a   or sheep that has a deformed or stunted limb, but it is not acceptable in fulfillment of a vow. 24 You are not to present to the LORD an animal whose testicles are bruised, crushed, torn, or cut; you are not to sacrifice them in your land. 25 Neither you nor a foreigner shall present food to your God from any such ani-mal. They will not be accepted on yo ur behalf, because they are deformed and flawed. '  ” 26 Then the LORD said to Moses, 27 “When an ox,b   a sheep, or a goat is born, it must remain with its mother for seven days. From the eighth day on, it will be acceptable as an offer-ing made by fire to the LORD. 28 But you must not slaughter an ox c   or a sheep on the same day as its young. 29 When you sacrifice a thank offering to the LORD, offer it so that it may be acceptable on your behalf. 30 It must be ea ten that same day. Do not leave any of it until morning. I am the LORD. 31 You are to keep My commandments and practice them. I am the LORD. 32 You must not profane My holy name. I must be acknowl-edged as holy among the Israelites. I am the LORD who sanctifies you, 33 who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am the LORD. ” Feasts and Sabbaths (Exodus 23:1 4-19) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them, 'These are My appointed feasts, the feasts of the LORD that you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies. 3 For six days work may be done, but the sev-enth day is a Sabbath of complete rest, a day of sacred assembly. You must not do any work; wherever you live, it is a Sabbath to the LORD. Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Exodus 12:1 4-28 ; Numbers 28:1 6-25 ; Deu teronomy 16:1-8) 4 These are the LORD's appointed feasts, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim at their appointed times. 5 The Passover to the LORD begins at twilight on the fourteenth d   day of the first month. 6 On the fifteenth day of the same month begins the Feast of Unleavened Bread e   to the LORD. For seven days you must eat unleavened bread. 7 On the first day you are to hold a sacred assembly; you are not to do any regular work. 8 For seven days you are to presen t an offering made by fire to the LORD. On the seventh day there shall be a sa-cred assembly; you must not do any regular work. '  ” The Feast of Firstfruits 9 And the LORD said to Moses, 10 “Speak to the Israelites and say, 'When you enter the land that I a m giving you and you reap its harvest, you are to bring to the priest a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest. 11 And he shall 23 Leviticus 23: 11 | 149 a 23 Or a bull or a cow   b 27 Or a calf   c 28 Or a cow   d 5 Hebrew begins between the two evenings of the fourteenth e 6 That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14-20.

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wave the sheaf before the LORD so that it may be accepted on your behalf; the priest is to wave it on the day after the Sabbath. 12 On the day you wave the sheaf, you shall of-fer a year-old lamb without blemish as a burnt offering to the LORD, 13 along wi th its grain of-fering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour a   mixed with oil —an offering made by fire to the LORD, a pleasing aroma —and its drink offering of a quarter hin of wine. b 14 You must not eat any bread or roasted or new grain until the very day you have brought this offering to your God. This is to be a per-manent statute for the generations to come, wherever you live. The Feas t of Weeks (Acts 2:1-13) 15 From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, you are to count off seven full weeks. 16 You shall count off fifty days until the day after the sev-enth Sabbath, and then present an offering of new grain to the LORD. 17 Bring two loaves of br ead from your dwell-ings as a wave offering, each made from two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour, baked with leaven, as the firstfruits to the LORD. 18 Along with the bread you are to present seven unblemished male lambs a year old, one young bull, and two rams. They will be a burnt offering to the LORD, together with their grain offerings and drink offerings —an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 19 You shall also prepare one male goat as a sin offering and two male lambs a year old as a peace offering. 20 The priest is to wave the lambs as a wave offering before the LORD, together with the bread of the firstfruits. The bread and the two lambs shall be holy to the LORD for the priest. 21 On that same day you are to proclaim a sacred assembly, and you must not do any reg-ular work. This is to be a permanent statute wherever you live for the generations to come. 22 When you reap the harvest of your la nd, do not reap all the way to the edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest. Leave them for the poor and the foreign resident. I am the LORD your God. '  ” The Feast of Trumpets (Numbers 29: 1-6) 23 The LORD also said to Moses, 24 “Speak to the Israelites and say, 'On the first day of the seventh month you are to have a day of rest, a sacred assembly announced by trumpet blasts. c   25 You must not do any regular work, but you are to present an offering made by fire to the LORD. '  ” The Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16: 1-34 ; Numbers 29:7-11) 26 Again the LORD said to Moses, 27 “The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atone-ment. You shall hold a sacred assembly and humble yourselves, d   and present an offering made by fire to the LORD. 28 On this day you are not to do any work, for it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the LORD your God. 29 If anyone does not humble h imself on this day, he must be cut off from his people. 30 I will de-stroy from among his people anyone who does any work on this day. 31 You are not to do any work at all. This is a permanent statute for the generations to come, wherever you live. 32 It will be a Sabbath 150 | Leviticus 23:12 a 13 Two-tenths of an ephah is approximately 4 dry quarts or 4. 4 liters (probably about 5. 1 pounds or 2. 3 kilograms of flour); also in verse 17. b 13 A quarter hin is approximately 0. 97 quarts or 0. 92 liters of wine. c 24 Or a sacred assembly, a memorial of shouting   d 27 Or afflict your souls or deny yoursel ves ; also in verse 32

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of complete rest for you, and you shall humble yours elve s. From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to keep your Sabbath. ” The Feast of Tabernacles (Nehemiah 8:1 3-18 ; Zechariah 14:1 6-21) 33 And the LORD said to Moses, 34 “Speak to the Israelites and say, 'On the fifteenth day of the seventh month the Feast of Tabernacles a   to the LORD begins, and it continues for seven days. 35 On the first day there shall be a sacred assembly. You must not do any regular work. 36 For seven days you are to p resent an offer-ing made by fire to the LORD. On the eighth day you are to hold a sacred assembly and present an offering made by fire to the LORD. It is a solemn assembly; you must not do any regular work. 37 These are the LORD's appointed feasts, which you are to proclaim as sacred assem-blies for presenting offerings by fire to the LORD —burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings, each on its des-ignated day. 38 These offerings are in addition to the offerings for the LORD's Sabbat hs, and in addition to your gifts, to all your vow offer-ings, and to all the freewill offerings you give to the LORD. 39 On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after you have gathered the produce of the land, you are to celebrate a feast to the LORD for seven days. There shall be complete rest on the first day and also on the eighth day. 40 On the first day you are to gather the fruit of majestic trees, the branches of palm trees, and the boughs of leafy trees and of willows b   of the brook. And you are to rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days. 41 You are to cele-brate this as a feast t o the LORD for seven days each year. This is a permanent statute for the generations to come; you are to celebrate it in the seventh month. 42 You are to dwell in booths c   for seven days. All the native-born of Israel must dwell in booths, 43 so that your descendants may know that I made the Israelites dwell in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God. '  ” 44 So Moses announced to the Israelites the appointed feasts of the LORD. The Oil for the Lamps (Exodus 27:2 0-21) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Com-mand the Israelites to bring you pure oil of pressed olives for the light, to keep the lamps burning continually. 3 Outside the veil of the Testimony d   in the Tent of Meeting, Aaron is to tend the lamps continually before the LORD from evening un-til morning. This is to be a permanent statute for the generations to come. 4 He shall tend the lamps on the pure gold lampstand before the LORD continually. The Showbread (Exodus 25:2 3-30 ; Exodus 37:1 0-16) 5 You are also to take fine flour and bake twelve loaves, using two-tenths of an ephah for each loaf,e   6 and set them in two rows —six per row —on the table of pure gold before the LORD. 7 And you are to place pure frankin-cense near each row, so that it may serve as a memorial portion for the bread, an offering made by fire to the LORD. 24 Leviticus 24: 7 | 151 a 34 That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also translated as the Feast of Booths or the Feast of Shelters and originally called the Feast of Ingathering (see Exodus 23:16 and Exodus 34:22). b 40 Or poplars   c 42 Or tabernacles or shelters  ; twice in this verse, and also in verse 43; see the footnote for verse 34. d 3 The Testi-mony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments. e 5 Two-tenths of an ephah is approximately 4 dry quarts or 4. 4 liters (probably about 5. 1 pounds or 2. 3 kilograms of flour).

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8 Every Sabbath day the bread is to be set out before the LORD on behalf of the Israelites as a permanent covenant. 9 It belongs to Aaron and his sons, who are to eat it in a holy place; for it is to him a most holy part of the offerings made by fir e to the LORD —his portion for-ever. ” Punishment for Blasphemy 10 Now the son of an Israelite mother and an Egyptian father went out among the Israelites, and a fight broke out in the camp between him and an Israelite. 11 The son of the Israelite woman blas phemed the Name with a curse. So they brought him to Moses. (His mother's name was Shelomith daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan. ) 12 They placed him in custody until the will of the LORD should be made clear to them. 13 Then the LORD said to Moses, 14 “Take the blasphemer a   outside the camp, and have all who heard him lay their hands on his head; then have the whole assembly stone him. 15 And you are to tell the Israelites, 'If anyone curses his God, he shall bear the conseque nces of his sin. 16 Whoever blasphemes the name of the LORD must surely be put to death; the whole assembly must surely stone him, whether he is a foreign resident or native; if he blasphemes the Name, he must be put to death. An Eye for an Eye (Matthew 5 :38-48) 17 And if a man takes the life of anyone else, he must surely be put to death. 18 Whoever kills an animal must make restitution —life for life. 19 If anyone injures his neighbor, whatever he has done must be done to him: 20 fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. b   Just as he injured the other person, the same must be inflicted on him. 21 Whoever kills an animal must make restitu-tion, but whoever kills a man must be put to death. 22 You are to have the same standard of law for the foreign resident and the native; for I am the LORD your God. '  ” 23 Then Moses spoke to the Israelites, and they took the blasphemer outside the camp and stoned him. So the Israelites did as the LORD had commanded Moses. The Seventh Year (Exodus 23:1 0-13 ; Deuteronomy 15:1-6) Then the LORD said to Moses on Mount Sinai, 2 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you enter the land that I am giving you, the land itself must observe a Sabbath to the LORD. 3 For six years you may sow your field and prune your vineyard and ga ther its crops. 4 But in the seventh year there shall be a Sab-bath of complete rest for the land —a Sabbath to the LORD. You are not to sow your field or prune your vineyard. 5 You are not to reap the aftergrowth of your harvest or gather the grapes of your untended vines. The land must have a year of complete rest. 6 Whatever the land yields dur-ing the Sabbath year shall be food for you —for yourself, your manservant and maidservant, the hired hand or foreigner who stays with you, 7 and for your livestock and the wild ani-mals in your land. All its growth may serve as food. The Year of Jubilee 8 And you shall count off seven Sabbaths of years —seven times seven years —so that the seven Sabbaths of years amount to forty-nine 25 152 | Leviticu s 24:8 a 14 Literally the one who cursed   ; also in verse 23 b 20 Cited in Matthew 5:38

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years. 9 Then you are to sound the horn far and wide on the tenth day of the seventh month, the Day of Atonement. You shall sound it throughout your land. 10 So you are to consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim liberty in the land for all its in-habitants. It shall be your Jubilee, when each of you is to return to his property and to his clan. 11 The fiftieth year will be a Jubilee for you; you are not to so w the land or reap its after-growth or harvest the untended vines. 12 For it is a Jubilee; it shall be holy to you. You may eat only the crops taken directly from the field. Return of Property 13 In this Year of Jubilee, each of you shall re-turn to his own property. 14 If you make a sale to your neighbor or a pur-chase from him, you must not take advantage of each other. 15 You are to buy from your neighbor according to the number of years since the last Jubilee; he is to sell to you according to the numbe r of harvest years remaining. 16 You shall increase the price in proportion to a greater number of years, or decrease it in proportion to a lesser number of years; for he is selling you a given number of harvests. 17 Do not take advantage of each other, but fear your God; for I am the L ORD your God. The Blessing of Obedience (Deuteronomy 28: 1-14) 18 You are to keep My statutes and carefully observe My judgments, so that you may dwell securely in the land. 19 Then the land will yield its fruit, so that you can eat your fill and dwell in safety in the land. 20 Now you may wonder, 'What will we eat in the seventh year if we do not sow or gather our produce?' 21 But I will send My blessing upon you in the sixth year, so that the land will yield a crop sufficient for three years. 22 While you are sowing in the eighth year, you will be eating from the previous harvest, until the ninth year's harvest comes in. The Law of Redemption 23 The land must not be sold permanently, be-cause it is Mine, and you are but foreigners and residents with Me. 24 Thus for every piece of property you possess, you must provide for the redemption of the land. 25 If your brother becomes impoverished and sells some of his property, his nearest of kin may come and redeem what his brother has sold. 26 Or if a man has n o one to redeem it for him, but he prospers and acquires enough to redeem his land, 27 he shall calculate the years since its sale, repay the balance to the man to whom he sold it, and return to his property. 28 But if he cannot obtain enough to repay him, what he sold will remain in possession of the buyer until the Year of Jubilee. In the Jubilee, however, it is to be released, so that he may return to his property. 29 If a man sells a house in a walled city, he retains his right of redemption until a f ull year after its sale; during that year it may be re-deemed. 30 If it is not redeemed by the end of a full year, then the house in the walled city is permanently transferred to its buyer and his descendants. It is not to be released in the Jubilee. 31 But houses in villages with no walls around them are to be consider ed as open fields. They may be redeemed, and they shall be released in the Jubilee. 32 As for the cities of the Levites, the Levites al-ways have the right to redeem their houses in the cities they possess. 33 So whatever belongs to the Levites may be redeemed —a house sold in a city they possess— and must be released Leviticus 25:33 | 153

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in the Jubilee, because the houses in the cities of the Levites are their possession among the Israelites. 34 But the open pastureland around their cities may not be sold, for this is their permanent possession. Redemption of the Poor 35 Now if your countryman becomes destitute and cannot support himself among you, then you are to help him as you would a foreigner or stranger, so that he can continue to live among you. 36 Do not take any interest or profit from him, but fear your God, that your countryman may live among you. 37 You must not lend him your silver at interest or sell him your food for profit. 38 I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land o f Egypt to give you the land of Canaan and to be your God. Redemption of Bondmen 39 If a countryman among you becomes desti-tute and sells himself to you, then you must not force him into slave labor. 40 Let him stay with you as a hired worker or temporary resi-dent; he is to work for you until the Year of Jubilee. 41 Then he and his children are to be released, and he may return to his clan and to the property of his fathers. 42 Because the Israelites are My servants, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt, they are not to be sold as slaves. 43 You are not to rule ov er them harshly, but you shall fear your God. 44 Your menservants and maidservants shall come from the nations around you, from whom you may purchase them. 45 You may also purchase them from the foreigners resid-ing among you or their clans living among yo u who are born in your land. These may become your property. 46 You may leave them to your sons after you to inherit as property; you can make them slaves for life. But as for your brothers, the Israelites, no man may rule harshly over his brother. Redemp tion of Servants 47 If a foreigner residing among you prospers, but your countryman dwelling near him becomes destitute and sells himself to the for-eigner or to a member of his clan, 48 he retains the right of redemption after he has sold himself. One of his brothers may redeem him: 49 either his uncle or cousin or any close rela-tive from his clan may redeem him. Or if he prospers, he may redeem himself. 50 He and his purchaser will then count the time from the year he sold himself up to the Year of Jubi lee. The price of his sale will be de-termined by the number of years, based on the daily wages of a hired hand. 51 If many years remain, he must pay for his redemption in proportion to his purchase price. 52 If only a few years remain until the Year of Jub ilee, he is to calculate and pay his redemption accord-ing to his remaining years. 53 He shall be treated like a man hired from year to year, but a foreign owner must not rule over him harshly in your sight. 54 Even if he is not redeemed in any of these ways, he and his children shall be released in the Year of Jubilee. 55 For the Israelites are My servants. They are My servants, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God. Addition al Blessings of Obedience “You must not make idols for your-selves or set up a carved image or sacred pillar; you must not place a sculpted stone in your land to bow down to it. For I am the LORD your God. 2 You must keep My Sabbaths and have rever-ence for My sanctuary. I am the L ORD. 26154 | Leviticus 25:34

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3 If you follow My statutes and carefully keep My commandments, 4 I will give you rains in their season, and the land will yield its pro-duce, and the trees of the field will bear their fruit. 5 Your threshing will conti nue until the grape harvest, and the grape harvest will con-tinue until sowing time; you will have your fill of food to eat and will dwell securely in your land. 6 And I will give peace to the land, and you will lie down with nothing to fear. I will rid th e land of dangerous animals, and no sword will pass through your land. 7 You will pursue your enemies, and they will fall by the sword before you. 8 Five of you will pursue a hundred, and a hundred of you will pursue ten thousand, and your enemies will fal l by the sword before you. 9 I will turn toward you and make you fruitful and multiply you, and I will establish My cov-enant with you. 10 You will still be eating the old supply of grain when you need to clear it out to make room for the new. 11 And I will make My dwelling place a   among you, and My soul will not despise b   you. 12 I will walk among you and be your God, and you will be My people. c   13 I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt so that you would no longer be slaves to the Egyptians. I broke the bars of your yoke and enabled you to walk in uprightness. Punishments for Disobedience (Leviticus 20:1-9 ; Deuteronomy 28:1 5-68) 14 If, however, you fail to obey Me and to carry out all these commandments, 15 and if you re-ject My statutes, despise My ordinances, and neglect to carry out all My commandments, and so break My covenant, 16 then this is what I will do to you: I will bring u pon you sudden terror, wasting disease, and fever that will de-stroy your sight and drain your life. You will sow your seed in vain, because your enemies will eat it. 17 And I will set My face against you, so that you will be defeated by your enemies. Those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee when no one pursues you. 18 And if after all this you will not obey Me, I will proceed to punish you sevenfold for your sins. 19 I will break down your stubborn pride and make your sky like iron and your land like bronze, 20 and your strength will be spent in vain. For your land will not yield its produce, and the trees of the land will not bear their fruit. 21 If you walk in hostility toward Me and re-fuse to obey Me, I will multiply your plagues seven t imes, according to your sins. 22 I will send wild animals against you to rob you of your children, destroy your livestock, and reduce your numbers, until your roads lie desolate. 23 And if in spite of these things you do not accept My discipline, but c ontinue to walk in hostility toward Me, 24 then I will act with hostility toward you, and I will strike you sevenfold for your sins. 25 And I will bring a sword against you to execute the vengeance of the covenant. Though you withdraw into your cities, I will send a plague among you, and you will be delivered into the hand of the enemy. 26 When I cut off your supply d   of bread, ten women will bake your bread in a single oven and dole out your bread by weight, so that you will eat but not be satisfied. 27 But if in spite of all this you do not obey Me, but continue to walk in hostility toward Me, 28 then I will walk in fury against you, and I, even I, will punish you sevenfold for your sins. Leviticus 26: 28 | 155 a 11 Or My tabernacle   b 11 Or reject  ; also in verse 30 c 12 Cited in 2 Corinthians 6:16 d 26 Hebrew staff  

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29 You will eat the flesh of your own sons and daughters. 30 I will destroy your high places, cut down your incense altars, and heap your lifeless bodies on the lifeless remains of your idols; and My soul will despise you. 31 I will reduce your cities to rubble and lay waste your sanctuaries, and I will refuse to smell the pleasing aroma of your sacrifices. 32 And I will lay waste the land, so that your enemies who dwell in it will be appalled. 33 But I will scatter you among the nations and will draw out a sword after you as your land becomes desolate and your cities are laid waste. 34 Then the land shall enjoy its Sabbaths all the days it lies desolate, while you are in the land of your enemies. At that time the land will rest and enjoy its Sabbaths. 35 As long as it lies des-olate, the land will have the rest it did not re-ceive during the Sabbaths when you lived in it. 36 As for those of you who survive, I will send a faintness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies, so that even the sound of a windblown leaf will put them to flight. And they will flee a s one flees the sword, and fall when no one pursues them. 37 They will stum-ble over one another as before the sword, though no one is behind them. So you will not be able to stand against your enemies. 38 You will perish among the nations, and the land of your enemies will consume you. 39 Those of you who survive in the lands of your enemies will waste away in their iniquity and will decay in the sins of their fathers. God Remembers Those Who Repent 40 But if they will confess their iniquity and that of their fathers in the unfaithfulness that they practiced against Me, by which they have also walked in hostility toward Me — 41 and I acted with hostility toward them and brought them into the land of their enemies —and if their uncircumcised hearts will be humbled and they will make amends for thei r iniquity, 42 then I will remember My covenant with Ja-cob and My covenant with Isaac and My cove-nant with Abraham, and I will remember the land. 43 For the land will be abandoned by them, and it will enjoy its Sabbaths by lying desolate without them. And they will pay the penalty for their iniquity, because they rejected My ordinances and abhorred My statutes. 44 Yet in spite of this, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject or despise them so as to destroy them and break My cov-enant with them; for I am the LORD their God. 45 But for their sake I will remember the cove-nant with their fathers, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations, that I might be their God. I am the LORD. ” 46 These are the statutes, ordinances, and laws that the LORD established between Himself and the Israelites through Moses on Mount Sinai. Rules about Valuations Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them, 'When someone makes a special vow to the LORD involving the value of persons, 3 if the valuation concerns a male from twenty to sixty years of age, then your valuation shall be fifty shekels of silver,a   according to the sanc-tuary shekel. b   4 Or if it is a female, then your valuation shall be thirty shekels. c   5 And if the 27 a 3 50 shekels is approximately 1. 26 pounds or 569. 8 grams of silver; also in verse 16. b 3 A shekel weighed ap-proximately 0. 4 ounces or 11. 4 grams; also in verse 25. c 4 30 shekels is approximately 12 ounces or 342 grams of silver. 156 | Leviticus 26:29

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person is from five to twenty years of age, then your valuation for the male shall be twenty shekels,a   and for the female ten shekels. b 6 Now if the person is from one month to five years of age, then your valuation for the male shall be five shekels of silver,c   and for the female three shekels of silver. d   7 And if the person is sixty years of age or older, then your valuation shall be fifteen shekels e   for the male and ten shekels for the female. 8 But if the one making the vow is too poor to pay the valua-tion, he is to present the person f  before the priest, who shall set the value according to what the one making the vow can afford. 9 If he vows an animal that may be brought as an offering to the LORD, any such animal given to the LORD shall be holy. 10 He must not re-place it or exchange it, either good for bad or bad for good. But if he does substitute one animal for another, both tha t animal and its substitute will be holy. 11 But if the vow involves any of the unclean animals that may not be brought as an offering to the LORD, the animal must be presented before the priest. 12 The priest shall set its value, whether high or low; as the priest val-ues it, the price will be set. 13 If, however, the owner decides to redeem the animal, he must add a fifth to its value. 14 Now if a man consecrates his house as holy to the LORD, then the priest shall value it ei-ther as good or bad. The price will stand just as the priest values it. 15 But if he who conse-crated his house redeems it, he must add a fifth to the assessed value, a nd it will belong to him. 16 If a man consecrates to the LORD a parcel of his land, then your valuation shall be propor-tional to the seed required for it —fifty shekels of silver for every homer of barley seed. g   17 If he consecrates his field during the Year of Jubilee, the price will stand according to your valuation. 18 But if he consecrates his field after the Jubi-lee, the priest is to calculate the price in pro-portion to the years left until the next Year of Jubilee, so that you r valuation will be reduced. 19 And if the one who consecrated the field decides to redeem it, he must add a fifth to the assessed value, and it shall belong to him. 20 If, however, he does not redeem the field, or if he has sold it to another man, it ma y no longer be redeemed. 21 When the field is re-leased in the Jubilee, it will become holy, like a field devoted to the LORD; it becomes the property of the priests. 22 Now if a man consecrates to the LORD a field he has purchased, which is not a part of his own property, 23 then the priest shall calculate for him the value up to the Year of Jubilee, and the man shall pay the assessed value on that day as a sacred offering to the LORD. 24 In the Year of Jubilee the field shall return to the one from whom it was bought — the original owner of the land. 25 Every valua-tion will be according to the sanctuary shekel, twenty gerahs to the shekel. h 26 But no one may consecrate a firstborn of the livestock, because a firstborn belongs to the LORD. Whether it is an ox or a sheep, it is the LORD's. 27 But if it is among the unclean animals, then he may redeem it according to your valuation and add a fifth of its value. If it a 5 20 shekels is approximately 8 ounces or 228 grams of silver. b 5 10 shekels is approximately 4 ounces or 114 grams of silver; also in verse 7. c 6 5 shekels is approximately 2 ounces or 57 grams of silver. d 6 3 shekels is ap-proximately 1. 2 ounces or 34. 2 grams of silver. e 7 15 shekels is approximately 6 ounces or 171 grams of silver. f 8 Or present himself   g 16 A homer is a dry measure of approximately 6. 24 bushels or 220 liters (probably about 291 pounds or 132 kilograms of barley seed). h 25 20 gerahs is equivalent to on e shekel (approximately 0. 4 ounces or 11. 4 grams). Leviticus 27: 27 | 157

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is not redeemed, then it shall be sold accord-ing to your valuation. 28 Nothing that a man sets apart a   to the LORD from all he owns— whether a man, an animal, or his inherited land —can be sold or re-deemed; everything so devoted is most holy to the LORD. 29 No person set apart for destruction may be ransomed; he must surely be put to death. Instruction on Tithes (Deuteronomy 14:2 2-29 ; Deu teronomy 26:1-15 ; Nehemiah 13:1 0-14) 30 Thus any tithe from the land, whether from the seed of the land or the fruit of the trees, be longs to the LORD; it is holy to the LORD. 31 If a man wishes to redeem part of his tithe, he must add a fifth to its value. 32 Every tenth animal from the herd or flock that passes under the shepherd's rod will be holy to the LORD. 33 He must not inspect whether it is good or bad, and he shall not make any substitution. But if he does make a substitution, both the animal and its substi-tute shall become holy; they cannot be re-deemed. '  ” 34 These are the commandments that the LORD gave to Moses for the Israelites on Mount Sinai. a 28 Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD; similarly in verse 29. 158 | Leviticus 27:28

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The First Census of Israel (Numbers 26:1-4) On the first day of the second month of the second year after the Israelites had come out of the land of Egypt, the LORD spoke to Moses in the Tent of Meeting in the Wilder-ness of Sinai. He said: 2 “Take a census of the whole congregation of Israel by thei r clans and families, listing every man by name, one by one. 3 You and Aaron are to number those who are twenty years of age or older by their divi-sions —everyone who can serve in Israel's army. 4 And one man from each tribe, the head of each family, must be there with you. The Leaders of the Tribes 5 These are the names of the men who are to assist you: From the tribe of Reuben, Elizur son of Shedeur; 6 from Simeon, Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai; 7 from Judah, Nahshon son of Amminadab; 8 from Issachar, Nethanel son of Zuar; 9 from Zebulun, Eliab son of Helon; 10 from the sons of Joseph: from Ephraim, Elishama son of Ammihud, and from Manasseh, Gamaliel son of Pedahzur; 11 from Benjamin, Abidan son of Gideoni; 12 from Dan, Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai; 13 from Asher, Pagiel son of Ocran; 14 from Gad, Eliasaph son of Deuel; 15 and from Naphtali, Ahira son of Enan. ” 16 These men were appointed from the con-gregation; they were the leaders of the tribes of their fathers, the heads of the clans of Israel. The Number of Ever y Tribe 17 So Moses and Aaron took these men who had been designated by name, 18 and on the first day of the second month they assembled the whole congregation and recorded their ancestry by clans and families, counting one by one the names of those twenty years of age or older, 19 just as the LORD had commanded Moses. So Moses number ed them in the Wilderness of Sinai: 20 From the sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel, according to the records of their clans and families, counting one by one the names of every male twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army, 21 those r egistered to the tribe of Reuben numbered 46,500. 22 From the sons of Simeon, according to the records of their clans and families, counting one by one the names of every male twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army, 23 those regis-tered t o the tribe of Simeon numbered 59,300. 1Numbers

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24 From the sons of Gad, according to the records of their clans and families, count-ing the names of all those twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army, 25 those registered to the tribe of Gad numbered 45,650. 26 From the sons of Judah, accor ding to the records of their clans and families, count-ing the names of all those twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army, 27 those registered to the tribe of Judah numbered 74,600. 28 From the sons of Issachar, according to the records of their clans and families, counting the names of all those twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army, 29 those registered to the tribe of Issachar numbered 54,400. 30 From the sons of Zebulun, according to the records of their clans and fam ilies, counting the names of all those twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army, 31 those registered to the tribe of Zebulun numbered 57,400. 32 From the sons of Joseph: From the sons of Ephraim, according to the records of their clans an d fami-lies, counting the names of all those twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army, 33 those registered to the tribe of Ephraim numbered 40,500. 34 And from the sons of Manasseh, ac-cording to the records of their clans and families, coun ting the names of all those twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army, 35 those regis-tered to the tribe of Manasseh num-bered 32,200. 36 From the sons of Benjamin, according to the records of their clans and families, counting the names of a ll those twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army, 37 those registered to the tribe of Benjamin numbered 35,400. 38 From the sons of Dan, according to the records of their clans and families, count-ing the names of all those twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army, 39 those registered to the tribe of Dan numbered 62,700. 40 From the sons of Asher, according to the records of their clans and families, count-ing the names of all those twenty years of age or older who could ser ve in the army, 41 those registered to the tribe of Asher numbered 41,500. 42 From the sons of Naphtali, according to the records of their clans and families, counting the names of all those twenty years of age or older who could serve in the army, 43 those registered to the tribe of Naphtali numbered 53,400. 44 These were the men numbered by Moses and Aaron, with the assistance of the twelve leaders of Israel, each one representing his family. 45 So all the Israelites twenty years of age or older who could serve in Israel's army were counted according to their fa milies. 46 And all those counted totaled 603,550. The Exemption of the Levites 47 The Levites, however, were not numbered along with them by the tribe of their fathers. 48 For the LORD had said to Moses: 49 “Do not number the tribe of Levi in the census with the other Israelites. 50 Instead, you are to appoint the Levites over the taber nacle of the Testi-mony, all its furnishings, and everything in it. 160 | Numbers 1:24

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They shall carry the tabernacle and all its arti-cles, care for it, and camp around it. 51 Whenever the tabernacle is to move, the Le-vites are to take it down, and whenever it is to be pitched, the Levites are to set it up. Any out-sider who goes near it must be put to death. 52 The Israelites are to camp by their divisions, each man in his own camp and under his own standard. 53 But the Levites are to camp aroun d the tabernacle of the Testimony and watch over it, so that no wrath will fall on the congregation of Israel. So the Levites are responsible for the tabernacle of the Testi-mony. ” 54 Thus the Israelites did everything just as the LORD had commanded Mose s. The Order of the Camps Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron: 2 “The Israelites are to camp around the Tent of Meeting at a distance from it, each man under his standard, with the banners of his family. 3 On the east side, toward the sunrise, the divisions of Judah are to camp under their standard: The leader of the descendants of Judah is Nahshon son of Amminadab, 4 and his di-vision numbers 74,600. 5 The tribe of Issachar will camp next to it. The leader of the Issacharites is Nethanel son of Zuar, 6 and his division numbers 54,400. 7 Next will be the tribe of Zebulun. The leader of the Zebulunites is Eliab son of Helon, 8 and his division numbers 57, 400. 9 The total number of men in the divisions of the camp of Judah is 186,400; they shall set out first. 10 On the south side, the divisions of Reuben are to camp under their standard: The leader of the Reubenites is Elizur son of Shedeur, 11 and his division numbers 46,500. 12 The tribe of Simeon will camp next to it. The leader of the Simeonites is Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai, 13 and his division numbers 59,300. 14 Next will be the tribe of Gad. The leader of the Gadites is Eliasaph son of Deuel,a   15 and his division numbers 45,650. 16 The total number of men in the divi-sions of the camp of Reuben is 151,450; they shall set out second. 17 In the middle of the camps, the Tent of Meeting is to travel with the camp of the Levites. They are to set out in the order they encamped, each in his own place under his standard. 18 On the west side, the divisions of Ephraim are to camp under their standard: The leader of the Ephraimites is Elishama son of Ammihud, 19 and his division num-bers 40,500. 20 The tribe of Manasseh will be next to it. The leader of the Manassites is Gamaliel son of Pedahzur, 21 and his division num-bers 32,200. 22 Next will be the tribe of Benjamin. The leader of the Benjamites is Abidan son of Gideoni, 23 and his division numbers 35,400. 24 The total number of men in the divi-sions of the camp of Ephraim is 108,100; they shall set out third. 2 Numbers 2:24 | 161 a 14 Many MT manuscripts, SP, and Vulgate (see also Numbers 1:14); most MT manuscripts Reuel  

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25 On the north side, the divisions of Dan are to camp under their standard: The leader of the Danites is Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai, 26 and his division num-bers 62,700. 27 The tribe of Asher will camp next to it. The leader of the Asherites is Pagiel son of Ocran, 28 and his division numbers 41,500. 29 Next will be the tribe of Naphtali. The leader of the Naphtalites is Ahira son of Enan, 30 and his division numbers 53,400. 31 The total number of men in the camp of Dan is 157,600; they shall set out last, un-der their standards. ” 32 These are the Israelites, numbered accord-ing to their families. The total of those counted in the camps, by their divisions, was 603,550. 33 But the Levites were not counted among the other Israelites, as the LORD had commanded Moses. 34 So the Israelites did everything the LORD commanded Moses; they camped under their standards in this way and set out in the same way, each man with his clan and his family. The Sons of Aaron (Leviticus 10:1-7) This is the account of Aaron and Moses at the time the LORD spoke with Moses on Mount Sinai. 2 These are the names of the sons of Aaron: Nadab the firstborn, then Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 3 These were Aaron's sons, the anointed priests, who were ordained to serve as priests. 4 Nadab and Abihu, however, died in the presence of the LORD when they offered unauthorized a   fire before the LORD in the Wilderness of Sinai. And since they had no sons, only Eleazar and Ithamar served as priests during the lifetime of their father Aaron. The Duties of the Levites 5 Then the LORD said to Moses, 6 “Bring the tribe of Levi and pr esent them to Aaron the priest to assist him. 7 They are to perform du-ties for him and for the whole congregation before the Tent of Meeting, attending to the service of the tabernacle. 8 They shall take care of all the furnishings of the Tent of Meeting and fulfill obligations for the Israelites by at-tending to the service of the tabernacle. 9 Assign the Levites to Aaron and his sons; they have been given exclusively to him b   from among the Israelites. 10 So you shall appoint Aaron and his sons to carry out the duties of the priesthood; but any outsider who ap-proaches the tabernacle must be put to death. ” 11 Again the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 12 “Behold, I have taken the Levites from among the children of Israel in place of every firstborn Israelite from the womb. The Levites belong to Me, 13 for all the firstborn are Mine. On the day I struck down every firstborn in the land of Egypt, I consecrated to Myself all the firstborn in Israel, both man and be ast. They are Mine; I am the LORD. ” The Numbering of the Levites 14 Then the LORD spoke to Moses in the Wilderness of Sinai, saying, 15 “Number the Levites by their families and clans. You are to count every male a month old or more. ” 16 So Moses number ed them according to the word of the LORD, as he had been com-manded. 3 162 | Numbers 2:25 a 4 Or strange   b 9 Most MT manuscripts; some MT manuscripts, SP, and LXX (see also Numbers 8:16) to Me

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17 These were the sons of Levi by name: Ger-shon, Kohath, and Merari. 18 These were the names of the sons of Gershon by their clans: Libni and Shimei. 19 The sons of Kohath by their clans were Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. 20 And the sons of Merari by their clans were Mahli and Mushi. These were the clans of the Levites, according to their families. The Gershonites (Numbers 4:2 1-28 ; 1 Chronicles 23:7-11) 21 From Gershon came the Libnite clan and the Shimeite clan; these were the Gershonite clans. 22 The number of all the males a month old or more was 7,500. 23 The Gershonite clans were to camp on the west, behind the tabernacle, 24 and the leader of the fami lies of the Gershonites was Eliasaph son of Lael. 25 The duties of the Gershonites at the Tent of Meeting were the tabernacle and tent, its cov-ering, the curtain for the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, 26 the curtains of the courtyard, the curtain for th e entrance to the courtyard that surrounds the tabernacle and altar, and the cords —all the service for these items. The Kohathites (Numbers 4: 1-20 ; 1 Chronicles 23:1 2-20) 27 From Kohath came the clans of the Amramites, the Izharites, the Hebronites, and the Uzzielites; these were the clans of the Kohathites. 28 The number of all the males a month old or more was 8,600. a   They were responsible for the duties of the sanctuary. 29 The clans of the Kohathites were to camp on the south side of the tabernacle, 30 and the leader of the families of the Kohathites was Elizaphan b   son of Uzziel. 31 Their duties were the ark, the table, the lampstand, the altars, the articles of the sanc-tuary used with them, and the curtain —all the service for these items. 32 The chief of the leaders of the Levites was Eleazar son of Aaron the priest; he over-saw those responsible for the duties of the sanctuary. The Merarites (Numb ers 4:2 9-33 ; 1 Chronicles 23:2 1-23) 33 From Merari came the clans of the Mahlites and Mushites; these were the Merarite clans. 34 The number of all the males a month old or more was 6,200. 35 The leader of the families of the Merarites was Zuriel son of Abihail; they were to camp on the north side of the tabernacle. 36 The duties assigned to the sons of Merari were the tabernacle's frames, crossbars, posts, bases, and all its equipment —all the service for these items, 37 as well as the posts of the surrounding courtyard with their bases, tent pegs, and ropes. Moses and Aaron 38 Moses, Aaron, and Aaron's sons were to camp to the east of the tabernacle, toward the sunrise, before the Tent of Mee ting. They were to perform the duties of the sanctuary as a service on behalf of the Israelites; but any out-sider who approached the sanctuary was to be put to death. 39 The total number of Levites that Moses and Aaron counted by their clans at the LORD's command, including all the males a month old or more, was 22,000. Numbers 3:39 | 163 a 28 Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts 8,300  ; see the total in verse 39. b 30 Elizaphan is a variant of Elzaphan  ; see Exodus 6:22 and Leviticus 10:4.

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The Redemption of the Firstborn 40 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Number every firstborn male of the Israelites a month old or more, and list their names. 41 You are to take the Levites for Me —I am the LORD —in place of all the firstborn of Israel, and the live-stock of the Levites in place of all the firstborn of the livestock of the Israelites. ” 42 So Moses numbered all the firstborn of the Israelites, as the LORD had commanded him. 43 The total number of the firstborn males a month old or more, listed by name, was 22,273. 44 Again the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 45 “Take the Levites in place of all the firstborn of Israel, and the livestock of the Levites in place of their livestock. The Levites belong to Me; I am the LORD. 46 To redeem the 273 firstborn Israelites who outnumber the Le-vites, 47 you are to collect five shekels a   for each one, according to the sanctuary shekel of twenty gerahs. b   48 Give the money to Aaron and his sons as the redemption price for the excess among the Israelites. ” 49 So Moses collected the redemption money from those in excess of the number redeemed by the Levites. 50 He collected the money from the firstborn of the I sraelites: 1,365 shekels,c   according to the sanctuary shekel. 51 And Mo-ses gave the redemption money to Aaron and his sons in obedience to the word of the LORD, just as the LORD had commanded him. The Duties of the Kohathites (Numbe rs 3:2 7-32 ; 1 Chronicles 23:1 2-20) Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 2 “Take a census of the Kohathites among the Levites by their clans and families, 3 men from thirty to fifty years old —everyone who is qualified to serve in the work at the Tent of Meeting. 4 This service of the Koha thites at the Tent of Meeting regards the most holy things. 5 When-ever the camp sets out, Aaron and his sons are to go in, take down the veil of the curtain, and cover the ark of the Testimony  d   with it. 6 They are to place over this a covering of fine leather,e   spread a solid blue cloth over it, and insert its poles. 7 Over the table of the Presence they are to spread a blue cloth and place the plates and cups on it, along with the bowls and pitchers for t he drink offering. The regular bread offer-ing is to remain on it. 8 And they shall spread a scarlet cloth over them, cover them with fine leather, and insert the poles. 9 They are to take a blue cloth and cover the lampstand used for light, together with its lamps, wick trimmers, and trays, as well as the jars of oil with which to supply it. 10 Then they shall wrap it and all its utensils inside a cover-ing of fine leather and put it on the carrying frame. 11 Over the gold altar they are to spread a blue cloth, cover it with fine leather, and insert the poles. 12 They are to take all the utensils for serving in the sanctuary, place them in a blue cloth, cover them with fine leather, and put them on the carrying frame. 13 Then they shall remove the ashes fr om the bronze altar, spread a purple cloth over it, 14 and place on it all the vessels used to serve there: the firepans, meat forks, shovels, and sprinkling bowls —all the equipment of the altar. They are to spread over it a covering of fine leather and insert the poles. 4 164 | Numbers 3:40 a 47 5 shekels is approximately 2 ounces or 57 grams. b 47 20 gerahs is equivalent to one shekel (approximately 0. 4 ounces or 11. 4 grams). c 50 1,365 shekels is approximately 34. 3 pounds or 15. 6 kilograms. d 5 That is, the ark of the covenant   e 6 Possibly the hides of large aquatic mammals; also in verses 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 25; see Exodus 25:5.

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15 When Aaron and his sons have finished cov-ering the holy objects and all their equipment, as soon as the camp is ready to move, the Kohathites shall come and do the carrying. But they must not touch the holy objects, or they will die. These are the transpo rtation duties of the Kohathites regarding the Tent of Meeting. 16 Eleazar son of Aaron the priest shall over-see the oil for the light, the fragrant incense, the daily grain offering, and the anointing oil. He has oversight of the entire tabernacle and everything in it, including the holy objects and their utensils. ” 17 Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 18 “Do not allow the Kohathite tribal clans to be cut off from among the Levites. 19 In order that they may live and not die when they come near the most holy things, do this for them: Aaron and his sons are to go in and assign each man his task and what he is to carry. 20 But the Kohathites are not to go in and look at the holy objects, even for a moment, or they will die. ” The Duties of the Gershon ites (Numbers 3:21-26 ; 1 Chronicles 23:7-11) 21 And the LORD said to Moses, 22 “Take a cen-sus of the Gershonites as well, by their families and clans, 23 from thirty to fifty years old, counting everyone who comes to serve in the work at the Tent of Meeting. 24 This is the service of the Gershonite clans regarding work and transport: 25 They are to carry the curtains of the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting with the covering of fine leather over it, the curtains for the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, 26 the curtains of the court-yard, and the curtains for the entrance at the gate of the courtyard that surrounds the tabernacle and altar, along with their rop es and all the equipment for their service. The Gershonites will do all that needs to be done with these items. 27 All the service of the Gershonites —all their transport duties and other work —is to be done at the direction of Aaron and his sons; you are t o assign to them all that they are responsible to carry. 28 This is the service of the Gershonite clans at the Tent of Meeting, and their duties shall be under the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest. The Duties of the Merarites (Numbers 3:33-37 ; 1 Chronicles 23:2 1-23) 29 As for the sons of Merari, you are to number them by their clans and families, 30 from thirty to fifty years old, counting everyone who comes to serve in the work of the Tent of Meeting. 31 This is the duty for all their service at the Tent of Meeting: to carry the frames of the tab-ernacle with its crossbars, posts, and bases, 32 and t he posts of the surrounding courtyard with their bases, tent pegs, and ropes, includ-ing all their equipment and everything related to their use. You shall assign by name the items that they are responsible to carry. 33 This is the service of the Merarite clans ac-cording to all their work at the Tent of Meet-ing, under the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest. ” The Numberin g of the Levit e Clans 34 So Moses, Aaron, and the leaders of the con-gregation numbered the Kohathites by their clans and families, 35 everyone from thirty to fifty years old who came to serve in the work at the Tent of Meeting. 36 And those numbered by their clans totaled 2,750. 37 These were counted from the Kohathite clans, everyone who could serve at the Tent of Meeting. Moses and Aaron numbered them according to the command of the LORD through Moses. Numbers 4:37 | 165

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38 Then the Gershonites were numbered by their clans and families, 39 everyone from thirty to fifty years old who came to serve in the work at the Tent of Meeting. 40 And those numbered by their clans and families totaled 2,630. 41 These were counted from the Ger-shonite clans who served at the Tent of Meet-ing, whom Moses and Aaron counted at the LORD's command. 42 And the Merarites were numbered by their clans and families, 43 everyone from thirty to fifty years old who came to serve in the work at the Tent o f Meeting. 44 The men registered by their clans numbered 3,200. 45 These were counted from the Merarite clans, whom Moses and Aaron numbered at the LORD's command through Moses. 46 So Moses, Aaron, and the leaders of Israel numbered by their clans and fam ilies all the Levites 47 from thirty to fifty years old who came to do the work of serving and carrying the Tent of Meeting. 48 And the number of men was 8,580. 49 At the LORD's command they were numbered through Moses and each one was assigned his work and burden, as the LORD had commanded Moses. Cleansing the Camps (Leviticus 13: 1-46) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Com-mand the Israelites to send away from the c amp anyone with a skin disease,a   anyone who has a bodily discharge, and anyone who is defiled by a dead body. 3 You must send away male and female alike; send them out-side the camp so they will not defile their camp, where I dwell among them. ” 4 So the Israelites did this, sending such people outside the camp. They did just as the LORD had instructed Moses. Restitution for Trespasses (Luke 19: 1-10) 5 And the LORD said to Moses, 6 “Tell the Isra-elites that when a man or woman acts unfaith-fully aga inst the LORD by committing any sin against another, that person is guilty 7 and must confess the sin he has committed. He must make full restitution, add a fifth to its value, and give all this to the one he has wronged. 8 But if the man has no relative to whom resti-tution can be made for the wrong, the restitu-tion belongs to the LORD and must be given to the priest along with the ram of atonement, by which the atonement is made for him. 9 Every sacred contribution the Israelites bring to the priest shal l belong to him. 10 Each man's sacred gifts are his own, but whatever he gives to the priest will belong to the priest. ” The Adultery Test 11 Then the LORD said to Moses, 12 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them that if any man's wife goes astray and is unfaithful to him 13 by sleeping with another man, and it is concealed from her husband and her impurity is unde-tected (since there is no witness against her and she was not c aught in the act), 14 and if a feeling of jealousy comes over her husband and he suspects his wife who has defiled herself —or if a feeling of jealousy comes over him and he suspects her even though she has not defiled herself — 15 then he is to bring his wife to the priest. He must also bring for her an offering of a tenth of an ephah of barley flour. b   He is not to pour oil over it or put frankincense on it, because it is a grain offering for jealousy, an offering of memorial as a r eminder of iniquity. 5 166 | Numbers 4:38 a 2 Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy, were used for various skin diseases ; see Levit-icus 13. b 15 A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2. 2 liters (probably about 3. 5 pounds or 1. 6 kilograms of barley flour).

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16 The priest is to bring the wife forward and have her stand before the LORD. 17 Then he is to take some holy water in a clay jar and put some of the dust from the tabernacle floor into the water. 18 After the priest has the woman stand before the LORD, he is to let down her hair and place in her hands the grain offering of memorial, which is the grain offering for jealousy. The priest is to hold the bitter water that brings a curse. 19 And he is to put the woman under oath and say to her, 'If no other man has slept with you and you have not gone astray and become defiled while under your husband's authority, may you be immune to this bitter water that brings a curse. 20 But if you have gone astray while under your husband's au-thority and have defiled yourself and lain car-nally with a man other than your husband' — 21 and the priest shall have the woman swear under the oath of the curse —'then may the LORD make you an attested curse among your people by making your thigh shrivel and your belly swell. 22 May this water that brings a curse enter your stomach and cause your belly to swell an d your thigh to shrivel. ' Then the woman is to say, 'Amen, Amen. ' 23 And the priest shall write these curses on a scroll and wash them off into the bitter water. 24 He is to have the woman drink the bitter water that brings a curse, and it will enter her and cause her bitter suffering. 25 The priest shall take from her hand the grain offering for jealousy, wave it before the LORD, and bring it to the altar. 26 Then the priest is to take a handful of the grain offering as a memorial portion and burn it on the altar; after that he is to have the woman drink the water. 27 When he has made her drink the water, if she has defiled herself and been unfaithful to her husband, then the water that brings a curse will enter her and cause bitter suffering; her belly will swell, her thigh will shrivel, and she will become accursed among her people. 28 But if the woman has not defiled herself and is clean, she will be unaffected and able to con-ceive children. 29 This is the law of jealousy when a wife goes astray and defiles herself while under her hus-band's authority, 30 or when a feeling of jeal-ousy comes over a husband and he suspects his wife. He is to have the woman stand before the LORD, and the priest is to apply to her this entire law. 31 The husband will be free from guilt, but the woman shall bear her iniquity. ” The Nazirite Vow (Judges 13: 1-25) And the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them that if a man or woman makes a special vow, the vow of a Nazirite,a   to separate himself to the LORD, 3 he is to abstain from wine and strong drink. He must not drink vinegar made from wine or strong drink, and he must not drink any grape juice or eat fresh grapes or raisins. 4 All the days of his separation, he is not to eat anything that comes from the gra pevine, not even the seeds or skins. 5 For the entire period of his vow of separa-tion, no razor shall pass over his head. He must be holy until the time of his separation to the LORD is complete; he must let the hair of his head grow long. 6 Throughout t he days of his separation to the LORD, he must not go near a dead body. 7 Even if his father or mother or brother or sister should die, he is not to defile himself, because the crown of consecration to his God is upon his head. 8 Throughout the time of his separa-tion, he is holy to the LORD. 6 Numbers 6:8 | 167 a 2 Nazirite means one separated or one consecrated  .

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9 If someone suddenly dies in his presence and defiles his consecrated head of hair, he must shave his head on the day of his cleansing — the seventh day. 10 On the eighth day he must bring tw o turtledoves or two young pigeons to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meet-ing. 11 And the priest is to offer one as a sin offering a   and the other as a burnt offering to make atonement for him, because he has sinned by being in the presence of the dead body. On that day he must consecrate his head again. 12 He must rededicate his time of sepa-ration to the LORD and bring a year-old male lamb as a guilt offering. But the preceding days shall not be counted, because his separation was defiled. 13 Now this is the law of the Nazirite when his time of separation is complete: He must be brought to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, 14 and h e is to present an offering to the LORD of an unblemished year-old male lamb as a burnt offering, an unblemished year-old female lamb as a sin offering, and an unblem-ished ram as a peace offering — 15 together with their grain offerings and drink offer-ings —and a basket of unleavened cakes made from fine flour mixed with oil and unleavened wafers coated with oil. 16 The priest is to present all these before the LORD and make the sin offering and the burnt offering. 17 He shall also offer the ram as a peace offering to the LORD, along with the basket of unleavened bread. And the priest is to offer the accompanying grain offering and drink offering. 18 Then at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, the Nazirite is to shave his consecrated head, take the hair, and put it on the fire under the peace offering. 19 And the priest is to take the boiled shoulder from the ram, one unleavened cake from the basket, and one unleavened wa-fer, and put them into the hands of the Nazirite who has just shaved the hair of his consecra-tion. 20 The priest shall then wave them as a wave offering before the LORD. This is a holy portion for the priest, in addition to the breast of the wave offering and the thigh that was presented. After that, the Nazirite may drink wine. 21 This is the law of the Nazirite who vows his offering to the LORD for his separation, in ad-dition to whatever else he can afford; he must fulfill whatever v ow he makes, according to the law of his separation. ” Aaron's Blessing 22 Then the LORD said to Moses, 23 “Tell Aaron and his sons: This is how you are to bless the Israelites. Say to them: 24 'May the LORD bless you and keep you; 25 may the LORD cause His face to shine upon you and be gracious to you; 26 may the LORD lift up His countenance toward you and give you peace. ' 27 So they shall put My name on the Israelites, and I will bless them. ” Offerings of Dedication On the day Moses finished setting up the tabernacle, he anointed and consecrated it and all its furnishings, along with the altar and a ll its utensils. 2 And the leaders of Israel, the heads of their families, presented an offer-ing. These men were the tribal leaders who had supervised the registration. 3 They brought as their offering before the LORD six covered carts and twelve oxen —an ox from each leader and a cart from every two leaders—and presented them before the tabernacle. 7 168 | Numbers 6:9 a 11 Or purification offering  ; here and throughout Numbers

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4 And the LORD said to Moses, 5 “Accept these gifts from them, that they may be used in the work of the Tent of Meeting. And give them to the Levites, to each man according to his service. ” 6 So Moses took the carts and oxen and gave them to the Levites. 7 He gave the Gershonites two carts and four oxen, as their service re-quired, 8 and he gave the Merarites four carts and eight oxen, as their service required, all under the direction of Ithama r son of Aaron the priest. 9 But he did not give any to the Kohathites, since they were to carry on their shoulders the holy objects for which they were responsible. 10 When the altar was anointed, the leaders approached with their offerings for its dedi ca-tion and presented them before the altar. 11 And the LORD said to Moses, “Each day one leader is to present his offering for the dedication of the altar. ” 12 On the first day Nahshon son of Amminadab from the tribe of Judah drew near with his of-fering. 13 His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels,a   and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels,b both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 14 one gold dish weighing ten shek-els,c   filled with incense; 15 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 16 one male goat for a sin offering; 17 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Nahshon son of Amminadab. 18 On the second day Nethanel son of Zuar, the leader of Issachar, drew near. 19 The offering he presented was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both accord-ing to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 20 one gold dish we ighing ten shekels, filled with in-cense; 21 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 22 one male goat for a sin offering; 23 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. Th is was the offering of Nethanel son of Zuar. 24 On the third day Eliab son of Helon, the leader of the Zebulunites, drew near. 25 His of-fering was one silver platter weighing a hun-dred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 26 one gold dish weighing ten shekels, filled with incense; 27 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 28 one male goat for a sin offering; 29 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Eliab son of Helon. 30 On the fourth day Elizur son of Shedeur, the leader of the Reubenites, drew near. 31 His of-fering was one silver platter weighing a hun-dred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 32 one gold dish weighing ten shekels, filled with incense; 33 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 34 one male goat for a sin offering; 35 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offerin g of Elizur son of Shedeur. a 13 130 shekels is approximately 3. 3 pounds or 1. 48 kilograms; here and throughout this chapter. b 13 70 shekels is approximately 1. 76 pounds or 797. 8 grams; here and throughout this chapter. c 14 10 shekels is approximately 4 ounces or 114 grams; here and through out this chapter. Numbers 7:35 | 169

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36 On the fifth day Shelumiel son of Zurishad-dai, the leader of the Simeonites, drew near. 37 His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both accord-ing to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 38 one gold dish weighing ten shekels, filled with incense; 39 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 40 one male goat for a sin offering; 41 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the o ffering of Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai. 42 On the sixth day Eliasaph son of Deuel, the leader of the Gadites, drew near. 43 His offer-ing was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weigh-ing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 44 one gold dish weighing ten shekels, filled with incense; 45 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 46 one male goat for a sin offering; 47 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Eliasaph son of Deuel. 48 On the seventh day Elishama son of Am-mihud, the leader of the Ephraimites, drew near. 49 His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 50 one gold dish weighing ten shek-els, filled with incense; 51 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 52 one male goat for a sin offering; 53 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Elishama son of Ammihud. 54 On the eighth day Gamaliel son of Pedahzur, the leader of the Manassites, drew near. 55 His offering was on e silver platter weighing a hun-dred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 56 one gold dish weighing ten shekels, filled with incense; 57 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 58 one male goat for a sin offering; 59 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Gamaliel son of Pedahzur. 60 On the ninth day Abidan son of Gideoni, the leader of the Benjamites, drew near. 61 His offering was one silver platter weighing a hun-dred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 62 one gold dish weighing ten shekel s, filled with incense; 63 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 64 one male goat for a sin offering; 65 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offeri ng of Abidan son of Gideoni. 66 On the tenth day Ahiezer son of Ammishad-dai, the leader of the Danites, drew near. 67 His offering was one silver platter weighing a hun-dred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according t o the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 68 one gold dish weighing ten shekels, filled with incense; 69 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 70 one male goat for a sin off ering; 71 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai. 170 | Numbers 7:36

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72 On the eleventh day Pagiel son of Ocran, the leader of the Asherites, drew near. 73 His offer-ing was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weigh-ing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled w ith fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 74 one gold dish weighing ten shekels, filled with incense; 75 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 76 one male goat for a sin offering; 77 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Pagiel son of Ocran. 78 On the twelfth day Ahira son of Enan, the leader of the Naphtalites, drew near. 79 His of-fering was one silver platter weighing a hun-dred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering; 80 one gold dish weighing ten shekels, filled with incense; 81 one young bull, one ram, and one male lamb a year old for a burnt offering; 82 one male goat for a sin offering; 83 and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Ahira son of Enan. 84 So these were the off erings from the leaders of Israel for the dedication of the altar when it was anointed: twelve silver platters, twelve silver bowls, and twelve gold dishes. 85 Each silver platter weighed a hundred and thirty shekels, and each silver bowl seventy shekels. The total weight of the silver articles was two thousand four hundred shekels, a   according to the sanctuary shekel. 86 The twelve gold dishes filled with incense weighed ten shekels each, according to the sanctuary shekel. The total weight of the gold dishes was a hundred and twenty shekels. b 87 All the livestock for the burnt offering to-taled twelve bulls, twelve rams, and twelve male lambs a year old —together with their grain offerings —and twelve male goats for the sin offering. 88 All the livestock sacrificed for the peace offering totaled twenty-four bulls, sixty rams, sixty male goats, and sixty male lambs a year old. This was the dedication offer ing for the altar after it was anointed. 89 When Moses entered the Tent of Meeting to speak with the LORD, he heard the voice speaking to him from between the two cheru-bim above the mercy seat  c   on the ark of the Testimony. d   Thus the LORD spoke to him. The Lampstand (Exodus 25:3 1-40 ; Exodus 37:1 7-24) Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Speak to Aaron and tell him: 'When you set up the seven lamps, they are to light the area in front of the lampstand. '  ” 3 And Aaron did so; he set up the lamps facing toward the front of the lampstand, just as the LORD had commanded Moses. 4 This is how the lampstand was constructed: it was made of hammered gold from its base to its blos soms, fashioned according to the pattern the LORD had shown Moses. Cleansing the Levites 5 Again the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 6 “Take the Levites from among the Israelites and make them ceremonially clean. 7 This is what you must do to cleanse them: S prinkle them with the water of purification. Have 8 Numbers 8:7 | 171 a 85 2,400 shekels is approximately 60. 3 pounds or 27. 4 kilograms. b 86 120 shekels is approximately 3 pounds or 1. 4 kilograms. c 89 Or atonement cover   d 89 That is, the ark of the covenant

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them shave their whole bodies and wash their clothes, and so purify themselves. 8 Then have them take a young bull with its grain offering of fine flour mixed with oil, and you are to take a second young bull for a sin offering. 9 Bring the Levites before the Tent of Meeting and assemble the whole congregation of Israel. 10 You are to p resent the Levites be-fore the LORD and have the Israelites lay their hands upon them. 11 Aaron is to present the Levites before the LORD as a wave offering from the sons of Israel, so that they may per-form the service of the LORD. 12 And the Levites are t o lay their hands on the heads of the bulls, and offer to the LORD one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering, to make atonement for the Levites. 13 You are to have the Levites stand before Aaron and his sons and then present them before th e LORD as a wave offering. 14 In this way you shall separate the Levites from the rest of the Israelites, and the Levites will belong to Me. 15 After you have cleansed them and presented them as a wave offering, they may come to serve at the Tent of Meeti ng. 16 For the Levites have been wholly given to Me from among the sons of Israel. I have taken them for Myself in place of all who come first from the womb, the firstborn of all the sons of Israel. 17 For every firstborn male in Israel is Mine, both man and beas t. I set them apart for Myself on the day I struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt. 18 But I have taken the Levites in place of all the firstborn among the sons of Israel. 19 And I have given the Levites as a gift to Aaron and his sons from amo ng the Israelites, to perform the service for the Israelites at the Tent of Meeting and to make atonement on their behalf, so that no plague will come against the Israelites when they approach the sanctuary. ” 20 So Moses, Aaron, and the whole congrega-tion of Israel did with the Levites everything that the LORD had commanded Moses they should do. 21 The Levites purified themselves and washed their clothes, and Aaron pre-sented them as a wave offering before the LORD. Aaron also made atonement for them to cleanse them. 22 After that, the Levites came to perform their service at the Tent of Meeting in the presence of Aaron and his sons. Thus they did with the Levites just as the LORD had commanded Moses. Retirement f or Levites 23 And the LORD said to Moses, 24 “This ap-plies to the Levites: Men twenty-five years of age or older shall enter to perform the service in the work at the Tent of Meeting. 25 But at the age of fifty, they must retire from performing the work an d no longer serve. 26 After that, they may assist their brothers in fulfilling their duties at the Tent of Meeting, but they themselves are not to do the work. This is how you are to assign responsibilities to the Levites. ” The Second Passover (Exodus 12 :1-13) In the first month of the second year after Israel had come out of the land of Egypt, the LORD spoke to Moses in the Wilderness of Sinai: 2 “The Israelites are to observe the Pass-over at its appointed time. 3 You are to observe it at the appointed time, at twilight on the fourteenth a   day of this month, in accordance with its statutes and ordinances. ” 4 So Moses told th e Israelites to observe the Passover, 5 and they did so in the Wilderness of Sinai, at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month. The Israelites did everything just as the LORD had commanded Moses. 9 a 3 Hebrew between the two evenings of the fourteenth  ; also in verses 5 and 11 172 | Numbers 8:8

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6 But there were some men who were unclean due to a dead body, so they could not observe the Passover on that day. And they came be-fore Moses and Aaron that same day 7 and said to Moses, “We are unclean because of a dead body, but why should we be excluded f rom presenting the LORD's offering with the other Israelites at the appointed time?” 8 “Wait here until I find out what the LORD commands concerning you,” Moses replied. 9 Then the LORD said to Moses, 10 “Tell the Israelites: 'When any one of you or your de-scendants is unclean because of a dead body, or is away on a journey, he may still observe the Passover to the LORD. 11 Such people are to observe it at twilight on the fourteenth day of the second month. They are to eat the lamb, together with unleavened bread and bitter herbs; 12 they may not leave any of it until morning or break any of its bones. They must observe the Passover according to all its stat-utes. 13 But if a man who is ceremonially clean and is not on a journey still fails to observe the Passover, he must be cut off from his people, because he did not present the LORD's offer-ing at its appointed time. That man will bear the consequences of his sin. 14 If a foreigner dwelling among you wants to observe the Passover to the LORD, he is to d o so according to the Passover statute and its or-dinances. You are to apply the same statute to both the foreigner and the native of the land. '  ” The Cloud above the Tabernacle (Exodus 40:3 4-38) 15 On the day that the tabernacle, the Tent of the Testimony, was set up, the cloud covered it and appeared like fire above the tabernacle from evening until morning. 16 It remained that way continually; the cloud would cover the tabernacle by day,a   and at night it would appear like fire. 17 Whenever the cloud was lifted from above the Tent, the Israelites would set out, and wherever the cloud settled, there the Israelit es would camp. 18 At the LORD's command the Israelites set out, and at the LORD's command they camped. As long as the cloud remained over the tabernacle, they remained encamped. 19 Even when the cloud lingered over the tab-ernacle for many days, the Israel ites kept the LORD's charge and did not set out. 20 Some-times the cloud remained over the tabernacle for only a few days, and they would camp at the LORD's command and set out at the LORD's command. 21 Sometimes the cloud re-mained only from evening until m orning, and when it lifted in the morning, they would set out. Whether it was by day or by night, when the cloud was taken up, they would set out. 22 Whether the cloud lingered for two days, a month, or longer, the Israelites camped and did not set out as long as the cloud remained over the tabernacle; but when it was lifted, they would set out. 23 They camped at the LORD's command, and they set out at the LORD's command; they carried out the LORD's charge according to His command through Moses. The Two S ilver Trumpets Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Make two trumpets of hammered silver to be used for calling the congregation and for having the camps set out. 3 When both are sounded, the whole congregation is to assem-ble before you at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 4 But if only one is sounded, then the leaders, the heads of the clans of Israel, are to gather before you. 10 Numbers 10: 4 | 173 a 16 LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew does not include by day

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5 When you sound short blasts, the camps that lie on the east side are to set out. 6 When you sound the short blasts a second time, the camps that lie on the south side are to set out. The blasts are to signal them to set out. 7 To convene the assembly, you are to sound long blasts, not short ones. 8 The sons of Aaron, the priests, are to sound the trumpets. This shall be a permanent statute for you and the gener-ations to come. 9 When you enter into battle in your land against an adversary who attacks you, sound short blasts on the trumpets, and you will be remembered before the LORD your God and saved from your enemies. 10 And on your joyous occasions, your appointed feasts, and the beginning of each month, you are to blow the trumpets over your burnt offerings and fellowship offerings to serve as a reminder for you before your God. I am the LORD your God. ” From Sinai to Paran 11 On the twentieth day of the second month of the second year, the cloud was lifted from above the tabernacle of the Testimony, 12 and the Israelites set out from the Wilderness of Sinai, traveling from place to place until the cloud settled in the Wilderness of Paran. 13 They set out this first time according to the LORD's command through Moses. 14 First, the divisions of the camp of Ju dah set out under their standard, with Nahshon son of Amminadab in command. 15 Nethanel son of Zuar was over the division of the tribe of Issa-char, 16 and Eliab son of Helon was over the division of the tribe of Zebulun. 17 Then the tabernacle was taken down, and the Gershon-ites and the Merarites set out, transporting it. 18 Then the divisions of the camp of Reuben set out under their standard, with Elizur son of Shedeur in command. 19 Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai was over the division of the tribe of Simeon, 20 and Eliasaph son of Deuel was over the division of the tribe of G ad. 21 Then the Kohathites set out, transporting the holy objects; the tabernacle was to be set up before their arrival. 22 Next, the divisions of the camp of Ephraim set out under their standard, with Elishama son of Ammihud in command. 23 Gamaliel son of Pedahzur was over the division of the tribe of Manasseh, 24 and Abidan son of Gideoni was over the division of the tribe of Benjamin. 25 Finally, the divisions of the camp of Dan set out under their standard, serving as the rear guard for all units, wi th Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai in command. 26 Pagiel son of Ocran was over the division of the tribe of Asher, 27 and Ahira son of Enan was over the division of the tribe of Naphtali. 28 This was the order of march for the Israelite divisions as they set out. 29 Then Moses said to Hobab, the son of Moses' father-in-law Reuel a   the Midianite, “We are setting out for the place of which the LORD said: 'I will give it t o you. ' Come with us, and we will treat you well, for the LORD has prom-ised good things to Israel. ” 30 “I will not go,” Hobab replied. “Instead, I am going back to my own land and my own peo-ple. ” 31 “Please do not leave us,” Moses said, “since you know w here we should camp in the wil-derness, and you can serve as our eyes. 32 If you come with us, we will share with you whatever good things the LORD gives us. ” 33 So they set out on a three-day journey from the mountain of the LORD, with the ark of the cove nant of the LORD traveling ahead of them 174 | Numbers 10: 5 a 29 Reuel was also called Jethro  ; see Exodus 3:1.

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for those three days to seek a resting place for them. 34 And the cloud of the LORD was over them by day when they set out from the camp. 35 Whenever the ark set out, Moses would say, “Rise up, O LORD! May Your enemies be scattered; may those who hate You flee before You. ” 36 And when it came to rest, he would say: “Return, O LORD, to the countless thousands of Israel. ” The Complaints of the People Soon the people began to complain about their hardship in the hearing of the LORD, and when He heard them, His anger was kindled, and fire from the LORD blazed among them and consumed the outskirts of the camp. 2 And the people cried out to Moses, and he p rayed to the LORD, and the fire died down. 3 So that place was called Taberah,a   be-cause the fire of the LORD had burned among them. 4 Meanwhile, the rabble among them had a strong craving for other food, and again the Is-raelites wept and said, “Who will feed us meat? 5 We remember the fish we ate freely in Egypt, along with the cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions, and garlic. 6 But now our appe-tite is gone; there is nothing to see but this manna!” 7 Now the manna resembled coriander seed, and its appearance was like that of gum resin. 8 The people walked around and gathered it, ground it on a handmill or crushed it in a mor-tar, then boiled it in a cooking pot or shaped it into cakes. It tasted like pa stry baked with fine oil. 9 When the dew fell on the camp at night, the manna would fall with it. The Complain t of Moses 10 Then Moses heard the people of family after family weeping at the entrances to their tents, and the anger of the LORD was kindled greatly, and Moses was also displeased. 11 So Moses asked the LORD, “Why have You brought this trouble on Your servant? Why have I not found favor in Your sight, that You have laid upon me the burden of all these peo-ple? 12 Did I conceive all these people? Did I give them birth, so that You should tell me, 'Carry them in your bosom, as a nurse carries an infant,' to the land that You swore to give their fathers? 13 Where can I get meat for all these people? For they keep crying out to me, 'Give us meat to eat!' 14 I cannot carry all these people by myself; it is too burdensome for me. 15 If this is how You are going to treat me, please kill me right now—if I have found favor in Your eyes —and let me not see my own wretchedness. ” Seventy Elders Anointed 16 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Bring Me seventy of the elders of Israel known to you as leaders and officers of the people. Bring them to the Tent of Meeting and have them stand there with you. 17 And I will come down and speak with you there, and I will t ake some of the Spirit that is on you and put that Spirit on them. They will help you bear the burden of the people, so that you do not have to bear it by yourself. 18 And say to the people: Consecrate your-selves for tomorrow, and you will eat meat, because you have cried out in the hearing of the LORD, saying: 'Who will feed us meat? For we were better off in Egypt!' Therefore the 11 Numbers 11:1 8 | 175 a 3 Taberah means burning  .

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LORD will give you meat, and you will eat. 19 You will eat it not for one or two days, nor for five or ten or twenty days, 20 but for a whole month —until it comes out of your nos-trils and makes you nauseous—because you have rejected the LORD, who is among you, and have cried out before Him, saying, 'Why did we ever leave Egypt?'  ” 21 But Moses replied, “Here I am among 600,000 men on foot, yet You say, 'I will give them meat, and they will eat for a month. ' 22 If all our flocks and herds were slaughtered for them, would they have enough? Or if all the fish in the sea were caught for them, would they have enough?” 23 The LORD answered Moses, “Is the LORD's arm too short? Now you will see whether or not My word will come to pass. ” 24 So Moses went out and relayed to the peo-ple the words of the LORD, and he gathered seventy of the elders of the people and had them stand around the tent. 25 Then the LORD came down in the cloud and spoke to him, and He took some of the Spirit that was on Moses and placed that Spirit on the seventy elders. As the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied — but they never did so again. 26 Two men, however, had remained in the camp —one named Eldad and the other Me-dad—and the Spirit rested on them. They were among those listed, but they had not gone out to the tent, and they prophesied in the camp. 27 A young man ran and reported to Moses, “Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp. ” 28 Joshua son of Nun, the attendant to Moses since youth, spoke up and said, “Moses, my lord, stop them!” 29 But Moses replied, “Are you jealous on my account? I wish that all the LORD's people were prophets and that the LORD would place His Spirit on them!” 30 Then Moses returned to the camp, along with the elders of Israel. The Quail and the Plague 31 Now a wind sent by the LORD came up, drove in quail from the sea, and brought them near the camp, about two cubits above the surface of the ground,a   for a day's journey in every direction around the camp. 32 All that day and night, and all the next day, the people stayed up gathering the quail. No one gathered less than ten homers,b   and they spread them out all ar ound the camp. 33 But while the meat was still between their teeth, before it was chewed, the anger of the LORD burned against the people, and the LORD struck them with a severe plague. 34 So they called that place Kibroth-hattaavah,c   be-cause there they buried the people who had craved other food. 35 From Kibroth-hattaavah the people moved on to Hazeroth, where they remained for some time. The Complaint of Miriam and Aaron Then Miriam and Aaron criticized Moses because of the Cushite woman he had married, for he had taken a Cushite wife. 2 “Does the LORD speak only through Moses?” they said. “Does He not also speak through us?” And the LORD heard this. 3 Now Moses was a ver y humble man, more so than any man on the face of the earth. 4 And suddenly the LORD said to Moses, Aaron, and Miriam, “You three, come out to 12 176 | Numbers 11: 19 a 31 Or up to two cubits deep  ; that is, approximately 3 feet or 91. 4 centimeters b 32 10 homers is approximately 62. 4 bushels or 2,200 liters. c 34 Kibroth-hattaavah means graves of craving  .

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the Tent of Meeting. ” So the three went out, 5 and the LORD came down in a pillar of cloud, stood at the entrance to the Tent, and sum-moned Aaron and Miriam. When both of them had stepped forward, 6 He said, “Hear now My words: If there is a prophet among you, I, the LORD, will reveal Myself to him in a vision; I will speak to him in a dream. 7 But this is not so with My servant Moses; he is faithful in all My house. a   8 I speak with him face to face, clearly and not in riddles; he sees the form of the LORD. Why then were you unafraid to speak against My servant Moses?” 9 So the anger of the LORD burned against them, and He departed. 10 As the cloud lifted from above the Tent, sud-denly Miriam became leprous,b   white as snow. Aaron turned toward her, saw that she was leprous, 11 and said to Moses, “My lord, please do not hold against us this sin we have so fool-ishly committed. 12 Please do not let her be like a stillborn infant whose flesh is half con-sumed when he comes out of his mother's womb. ” 13 So Moses cried out to the LORD, “O God, please heal her!” 14 But the LORD answered Moses, “If her fa-ther had but spit in her face, would she not have been in disgrace for seven days? Let her be confined outside the camp for seven days; after that she may be brought back in. ” 15 So Miriam was confined outside the camp for seven days, and the people did not move on until she was brought in again. 16 After that, the people set out from Hazeroth and camped in the Wilderness of Paran. The Spies Explore Canaan (Deuteronomy 1:19-25) And the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Send out for yourself men to spy out the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Isra-elites. From each of their fathers' tribes send one man who is a leader among them. ” 3 So at the consent c   of the LORD, Moses sent them out from the Wilderness of Paran. All the men were leaders of the Israelites, 4 and these were their names: From the tribe of Reuben, Shammua son of Zaccur; 5 from the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat son of Hori; 6 from the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh; 7 from the tribe of Issachar, Igal son of Joseph; 8 from the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Nun; 9 from the tribe of Benjamin, Palti son of Raphu; 10 from the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel son of Sodi; 11 from the tribe of Manasseh (a tribe of Joseph), Gaddi son of Susi; 12 from the tribe of Dan, Ammiel son of Gemalli; 13 from the tribe of Asher, Sethur son of Michael; 14 from the tribe of Naphtali, Nah bi son of Vophsi; 15 and from the tribe of Gad, Geuel son of Machi. 13 Numbers 13:1 5 | 177 a 7 Cited in Hebrews 3:5 b 10 The Hebrew word traditionally translated as leprous was used for various skin dis-eases; see Leviticus 13. c 3 Literally according to the mouth

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16 These were the names of the men Moses sent to spy out the land; and Moses gave to Hoshea son of Nun the name Joshua. 17 When Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, he told them, “Go up through the Negev and into the hill country. 18 See what the land is like and whether its people are strong or weak, few or many. 19 Is the land where they live good or bad? Are the cities where they dwell open camps or fortifica-tions? 20 Is the soil fertile or unproductive? Are there trees in it or not? Be courageou s, and bring back some of the fruit of the land. ” (It was the season for the first ripe grapes. ) 21 So they went up and spied out the land from the Wilderness of Zin as far as Rehob, toward Lebo-hamath. 22 They went up through the Negev and came to Hebron, where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the descendants of Anak, dwelled. It had been built seven years before Zoan in Egypt. 23 When they came to the Valley of Eshcol,a   they cut down a branch with a single cluster of grapes, which the y carried on a pole between two men. They also took some pomegranates and figs. 24 Because of the cluster of grapes the Israelites cut there, that place was called the Valley of Eshcol. The Reports of the Spies 25 After forty days the men returned from spying out the land, 26 and they went back to Moses, Aaron, and the whole congregation of Israel in the Wilderness of Paran at Kadesh. They brought back a report for the whole con-gregation and showed them the fruit of the land. 27 And they gave this account to Moses: “We went into the land to which you sent us, and indeed, it is flowing with milk and honey. Here is some of its fruit! 28 Nevertheless, the people living in the land are strong, and the cities are large and fortified. W e even saw the descen- dants of Anak there. 29 The Amalekites live in the land of the Negev; the Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites live in the hill country; and the Canaanites live by the sea and along the Jor-dan. ” 30 Then Caleb quieted the people before Moses and said, “We must go up and take possession of the land, for we can certainly conquer it!” 31 But the men who had gone up with him re-plied, “We cannot go up against the people, for they are stronger than we are!” 32 So they gave the Israelites a b ad report about the land that they had spied out: “The land we explored devours its inhabitants, and all the people we saw there are great in stature. 33 We even saw the Nephilim there— the descendants of Anak that come from the Nephilim! We seemed like grasshoppers in our own sight, and we must have seemed the same to them!” Israel's Rebellion (Deuteronomy 1:2 6-33) Then the whole congregation lifted up their voices and cried out, and that night the people wept. 2 All the Israelites grumbled against Moses and Aaron, and the whole con-gregation said to them, “If only we had died in the land of Egypt, or if only we had d ied in this wilderness! 3 Why is the LORD bringing us into this land to fall by the sword? Our wives and children will become plunder. Would it not be better for us to go back to Egypt?” 4 So they said to one another, “Let us appoint a leader and return t o Egypt. ” 14178 | Numbers 13: 16 a 23 Eshcol means cluster  ; also in verse 24.

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5 Then Moses and Aaron fell facedown before the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel. 6 Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh, who were among those who had spied out the land, tore their clothes 7 and said to the whole congregation of Israel, “The land we passed through and explored is an exceed-ingly good land. 8 If the LORD delights i n us, He will bring us into this land, a land flowing with milk and honey, and He will give it to us. 9 Only do not rebel against the LORD, and do not be afraid of the people of the land, for they will be like bread for us. Their protection has been removed, and the LORD is with us. Do not be afraid of them!” 10 But the whole congregation threatened to stone Joshua and Caleb. Then the glory of the LORD appeared to all the Israelites at the Tent of Meeting. 11 And the LORD said to Moses, “How long will th is peo-ple treat Me with contempt? How long will they refuse to believe in Me, despite all the signs I have performed among them? 12 I will strike them with a plague and destroy them — and I will make you into a nation greater and mightier than they are. ” Moses Intercedes for Israel 13 But Moses said to the LORD, “The Egyptians will hear of it, for by Your strength You brought this people from among them. 14 And they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land. They have already heard that You, O LORD, are in the midst of this people, t hat You, O LORD, have been seen face to face, that Your cloud stands over them, and that You go before them in a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night. 15 If You kill this people as one man, the na-tions who have heard of Your fame will say, 16 'Because the LORD was unable to bring this people into the land He swore to give them, He has slaughtered them in the wilderness. ' 17 So now I pray, may the power of my Lord be magnified, just as You have declared: 18 'The LORD is slow to anger and abounding in loving devotion, a   forgiving iniquity and transgres-sion. Yet He will by no means leave the guilty unpunished; He will visit the iniquity of the fathers upon their children to the third and fourth generation. ' 19 Pardon, I pray, the iniquity of this people, in keeping with the greatness of Your loving devotion, just as You have forgiven them ever since they left Egypt. ” God's Forgiveness and Judgment (Deuteronomy 1:3 4-40) 20 “I have pardoned them as you requested,” the LORD replied. 21 “Yet as surely as I live and as surely as the whole earth is filled with the glory of the LORD, 22 not one of the men who have seen My glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wildern ess—yet have tested Me and disobeyed Me these ten times — 23 not one will ever see the land that I swore to give their fathers. None of those who have treated Me with contempt will see it. 24 But because My servant Caleb has a differ-ent spirit and has foll owed Me wholeheart-edly, I will bring him into the land he has entered, and his descendants will inherit it. 25 Now since the Amalekites and Canaanites are living in the valleys, turn back tomorrow and head for the wilderness along the route to the Red Se a. b  ” Numbers 14:2 5 | 179 a 18 Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devo-tion  ; the range of meaning includes love  , goodness  , kindness  , faithfulness  , and mercy  , as well as loyalty to a covenant  . b 25 Or the Sea of Reeds  

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26 Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 27 “How long will this wicked congregation grumble against Me? I have heard the com-plaints that the Israelites are making against Me. 28 So tell them: As surely as I live, declares the LORD, I will do to you exactly as I heard you say. 29 Your bodies will fal l in this wilder-ness —all who were numbered in the census, everyone twenty years of age or older— because you have grumbled against Me. 30 Surely none of you will enter the land in which I swore to settle you, except Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua son o f Nun. 31 But I will bring your children, whom you said would become plunder, into the land you have rejected—and they will enjoy it. 32 As for you, however, your bodies will fall in this wilder-ness. 33 Your children will be shepherds in the wil-derness fo r forty years, and they will suffer for your unfaithfulness until the last of your bod-ies lies in the wilderness. 34 In keeping with the forty days you spied out the land, you shall bear your guilt forty years —a year for each day—and you will experience My alienation. 35 I, the LORD, have spoken, and I will surely do these things to this entire wicked congre-gation, which has conspired against Me. They will meet their end in the wilderness, and there they will die. ” The Plague on the Ten Spies 36 So the men Moses had sent to spy out the land, who had returned and made the whole congregation grumble against him by bringing out a bad report about the land— 37 those men who had brought out the bad report about the land —were struck down by a plague bef ore the LORD. 38 Of those men who had gone to spy out the land, only Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh remained alive. 39 And when Moses relayed these words to all the Israelites, the people mourned bitterly. The Defeat at Hormah (Deuteronomy 1:41-46) 40 Early the next morning they got up and went up toward the ridge of the hill country. “We have indeed sinned,” they said, “but we will go to the place the LORD has promised. ” 41 But Moses said, “Why are you transgressing the commandment of the LORD? This will not succeed! 42 Do not go up, lest you be struck down by your enemies, because the LORD is not among you. 43 For there the Amalekites and Canaanites will face you, and you will fall by the sword. Because you have turned away from the LORD, He will not be with you. ” 44 But they dared to go up to the ridge of the hill country, though neither Moses nor the ark of the covenant of the LORD moved from the camp. 45 Then the Amalekites and Canaanites who lived in that part of the hill country came down, attacked them, and routed them all the way to Hormah. Laws about Offerings Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them: After you enter the land that I am giving you as a home 3 and you present an offering made by fire to the LORD from the herd or flock to produce a pleasing aroma to the LORD —either a burnt offering or a sacrifice, for a special vow or freewill offering or ap-pointed feast — 4 then the one presenting his offering to the LORD shall also present a grain offering of a tenth of an ephah of fine flour a   mixed with a quarter hin of olive oil. b   5 With the burnt offering or sacrifice of each lamb, you are to prepare a quarter hin of wine as a drink offering. 15 180 | Numbers 14:26 a 4 A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2. 2 liters (probably about 2. 6 pounds or 1. 2 kilograms of flour). b 4 Or a quarter hin of oil  ; that is, approximately 0. 97 quarts or 0. 92 liters; similarly in verse 5

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6 With a ram you are to prepare a grain offer-ing of two-tenths of an ephah a   of fine flour mixed with a third of a hin of olive oil,b   7 and a third of a hin of wine as a drink offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 8 When you prepare a young bull as a burnt offering or sacrifice to fulfill a vow or as a peace offering to the LORD, 9 present with the bull a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour c   mixed with half a hin of olive oil. d   10 Also present half a hin of wine as a drink offering. It is an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 11 This is to be done for each bull, ram, lamb, or goat. 12 This is how you must prepare each one, no matter how many. 13 Everyone who is na tive-born shall prepare these things in this way when he presents an offering made by fire as a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 14 And for the generations to come, if a foreigner residing with you or someone else among you wants to prepare an offering made by fire as a pleasing aroma to the LORD, he is to do exactly as you do. 15 The assembly is to have the same statute both for you and for the foreign resident; it is a permanent stat-ute for the generations to come. You and the foreigner shall be the same befor e the LORD. 16 The same law and the same ordinance will apply both to you and to the foreigner residing with you. ” 17 Then the LORD said to Moses, 18 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When you enter the land to which I am bringing you 19 and you eat the food of the land, you shall lift up an of-fering to the LORD. 20 From the first of your dough, you are to lift up a cake as a contribu-tion; offer it just like an offering from the threshing floor. 21 Throughout your genera-tions, you are to give the LORD an offering from the first of your dough. Offerings for Unintentional Sins 22 Now if you stray unintentionally and do not obey all these commandment s that the LORD has spoken to Moses— 23 all that the LORD has commanded you through Moses from the day the LORD gave them and continuing through the generations to come — 24 and if it was done unintentionally without the knowledge of the congregation, then the whole congrega-tion is to prepare one young bull as a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD, with its grain offering and drink offering according to the regulation, and one male goat as a sin offering. 25 The priest is to make atonement for the whole congregation of Israel, so that they may be forgiven; for the sin was unintentional and they have brought to the LORD an offering made by fire and a sin offering, presented before the LORD for their unintentional sin. 26 Then the whole congregation of Israel and the foreigners residing among them will be forgiven, since it happened to all the people unintentionally. 27 Also, if one person sins unintentionally, he is to present a year-old female goat as a sin of-fering. 28 And the priest shall make atonement before the LORD on behalf of the person who erred by sinning unintentionally; and when atonement has been made for him, he will be forgiven. 29 You shall have the same law for the one who acts in error, whether he is a native-born Israelite or a foreigner residing among you. Numbers 15:2 9 | 181 a 6 Two-tenths of an ephah is approximately 4 dry quarts or 4. 4 liters (probably about 5. 1 pounds or 2. 3 kilograms of flour). b 6 Or a third of a hin of oil  ; that is, approximately 1. 3 quarts or 1. 2 liters; similarly in verse 7 c 9 Three-tenths of an ephah is approximately 6 dry quarts or 6. 6 liters (probably about 7. 6 pounds or 3. 5 kilograms of flour). d 9 Or half a hin of oil  ; that is, approximately 1. 9 quarts or 1. 8 liters; similarly in verse 10

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30 But the person who sins defiantly, whether a native or foreigner, blasphemes the LORD. That person shall be cut off from among his people. 31 He shall certainly be cut off, because he has despised the word of the LORD and broken His commandment; his guilt remains on him. ” A Sabbath-Breaker Stoned (Exodus 31:1 2-17) 32 While the Israelites were in the wilderness, a man was found gathering wood on the Sab-bath day. 33 Those who found the man gather-ing wood brought him to Moses, Aaron, and the whole congregatio n, 34 and because it had not been declared what should be done to him, they placed him in custody. 35 And the LORD said to Moses, “The man must surely be put to death. The whole congrega-tion is to stone him outside the camp. ” 36 So the whole congregation took the man outside the camp and stoned him to death, as the LORD had commanded Moses. The Law of Tassels 37 Later, the LORD said to Moses, 38 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them that throughout the generations to come they a re to make for themselves tassels for the corners of their garments, with a blue cord on each tassel. 39 These will serve as tassels for you to look at, so that you may remember all the command-ments of the LORD, that you may obey them and not prostitute y ourselves by following your own heart and your own eyes. 40 Then you will remember and obey all My commandments, and you will be holy to your God. 41 I am the LORD your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am the LORD your God. ” Korah's Rebellion Now Korah son of Izhar, the son of Kohath son of Levi, along with some Reubenites —Dathan and Abiram, sons of Eliab, and On son of Peleth —conducted 2 a re-bellion against Moses, along with 250 men of Israel renowned as leaders of the congrega-tion and representatives in the assembly. 3 They came together against Moses and Aaron and told them, “You have taken too much upon yourselves!  a   For everyone in the entire congregation is holy, and the LORD is in their midst. Why then do you exalt yourselves above the assembly of the LORD?” 4 When Moses heard this, he fell facedown. 5 Then he said to Korah and all his followers, “Tomorrow morning the LORD will reveal who belongs to Him b   and who is holy, and He will bring that person near to Himself. The one He chooses, He will bring near to Himself. 6 You, Korah, and all your followers are to do as follows: Take censers, 7 and tomorrow you are to place fire and incense in them in the presence of the LORD. Then the man the LORD chooses will be the one who is holy. It is you sons of Levi who have taken too much upon yourselves!” 8 Moses also said to Korah, “Now listen, you sons of Levi! 9 Is it not enough for you that the God of Israel has separated you from the congregation of Israel and brought you near to Himself to perform the work at the LORD's tabernacle, and to stand before the congrega-tion to minister to them? 10 He has brought you near, you and all your fellow Levites, but you are seeking the priesthood as well. 11 Therefore, it is you and all your followers who have conspired against the LORD! As for Aaron, who is he that you should grumble against him?” 16 182 | Numbers 15: 30 a 3 Figuratively You have gone too far or You have appropriated too much authority to yourselves  ; similarly in verse 7 b 5 LXX God has visited and knows those who are His  ; cited in 2 Timothy 2:19

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12 Then Moses summoned Dathan and Abi-ram, the sons of Eliab, but they said, “We will not come! 13 Is it not enough that you have brought us up out of a land flowing with milk and honey to kill us in the wilderness? Must you also appo int yourself as ruler over us? 14 Moreover, you have not brought us into a land flowing with milk and honey or given us an inheritance of fields and vineyards. Will you gouge out the eyes of these men? No, we will not come!” 15 Then Moses became very angr y and said to the LORD, “Do not regard their offering. I have not taken one donkey from them or mis-treated a single one of them. ” 16 And Moses said to Korah, “You and all your followers are to appear before the LORD tomorrow —you and they and Aaron. 17 Each man is to take his censer, place incense in it, and present it before the LORD —250 censers. You and Aaron are to present your cense rs as well. ” 18 So each man took his censer, put fire and in-cense in it, and stood with Moses and Aaron at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 19 When Korah had gathered his whole assembly against them at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, the glory of the LORD appeared to the whole congregation. 20 And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 21 “Separate yourselves from this congrega-tion so that I may consume them in an in-stant. ” 22 But Moses and Aaron fell facedown and said, “O God, the God of the spirits of all flesh, when one man sins, will You be angry with the whole congregation?” Moses Separates the People 23 Then the LORD said to Moses, 24 “Tell the congregation to move away f rom the dwell-ings of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. ” 25 So Moses got up and went to Dathan and Abiram, and the elders of Israel followed him. 26 And he warned the congregation, “Move away now from the tents of these wicked men. Do not touch anything that belongs to them, or you will be swept away because of all their sins. ” 27 So they moved away from the dwellings of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. Meanwhile, Dathan and Abiram had come out and stood at the entrances to their tents with their wives and children and infants. The Earth Swallows Korah 28 Then Moses said, “This is how you will know that the LORD has sent me to do all these things, for it was not my own doing: 29 If these men die a natural death, or if they suffer the fate of all men, then the LORD has not sent me. 30 But if the LORD brings about something un-precedented, and the earth opens its mouth and swallows them and all that belongs to them so that they go down alive into Sheol, then you will know that these men have treated the LORD with contemp t. ” 31 As soon as Moses had finished saying all this, the ground beneath them split open, 32 and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them and their households —all Korah's men and all their possessions. 33 They went down alive into Sheol with all they owned. The earth closed over them, and they vanished from the assembly. 34 At their cries, all the people of Israel who were around them fled, saying, “The earth may swallow us too!” 35 And fire came forth from the LORD and consumed the 250 men who wer e offering the incense. The Censers Reserved for Holy Use 36 Then the LORD said to Moses, 37 “Tell Eleazar son of Aaron the priest to remove the censers from the flames and to scatter the Numb ers 16:3 7 | 183

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coals far away, because the censers are holy. 38 As for the censers of those who sinned at the cost of their own lives, hammer them into sheets to overlay the altar, for these were pre-sented before the LORD, and so have become holy. They will serve as a sign to the Israel-ites. ” 39 So Eleazar the priest took the bronze cen-sers brought by those who had been burned up, and he had them hammered out to overlay the altar, 40 just as the LORD commanded him through Moses. This was to be a reminder to the Israelites that no outsider who is not a de-scendant of Aaron should approach to offer incense before the LORD, lest he become like Korah and his followers. Murmuring and Plague (1 Corinthians 10:1-13) 41 The next day the whole congregation of Is-rael grumbled agai nst Moses and Aaron, say-ing, “You have killed the LORD's people!” 42 But when the congregation gathered against them, Moses and Aaron turned toward the Tent of Meeting, and suddenly the cloud covered it and the glory of the LORD appeared. 43 Then Moses an d Aaron went to the front of the Tent of Meeting, 44 and the LORD said to Moses, 45 “Get away from this congregation so that I may consume them in an instant. ” And Moses and Aaron fell facedown. 46 Moses said to Aaron, “Take your censer, place fire from the altar in it, and add incense. Go quickly to the congregation and make atonement for them, because wrath has come out from the LORD; the plague has begun. ” 47 So Aaron took the censer as Moses had or-dered and ran into the midst of the assembly. And seeing that the plague had begun among the people, he offered the incense and made atonement for the people. 48 He stood be-tween the living and the dead, and the plag ue was halted. 49 But those who died from the plague numbered 14,700, in addition to those who had died on account of Korah. 50 Then Aaron returned to Moses at the en-trance to the Tent of Meeting, since the plague had been halted. Aaron's Staff Buds And the LORD said to Moses, 2 “Speak to the Israelites and take from them twelve staffs, one from the leader of each tribe. Write each man's name on his staff, 3 and write Aaron's name on the staff of Levi, because there must be one staff for the head of ea ch tribe. 4 Place the staffs in the Tent of Meeting in front of the Testimony,a   where I meet with you. 5 The staff belonging to the man I choose will sprout, and I will rid Myself of the con-stant grumbling of the Israelites against y ou. ” 6 So Moses spoke to the Israelites, and each of their leaders gave him a staff —one for each of the leaders of their tribes, twelve staffs in all. And Aaron's staff was among them. 7 Then Mo-ses placed the staffs before the LORD in the Tent of the Test imony. 8 The next day Moses entered the Tent of the Testimony and saw that Aaron's staff, repre-senting the house of Levi, had sprouted, put forth buds, blossomed, and produced al-monds. 9 Then Moses brought out all the staffs from the LORD's presence to all the Israelites. They saw them, and each man took his own staff. 10 The LORD said to Moses, “Put Aaron's staff back in front of the Testimony, to be kept as a sign for the rebellious, so that you may put an 17 184 | Numbers 16: 38 a 4 The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments; also in verse 10.

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end to their grumbling against Me, lest they die. ” 11 So Moses did as the LORD had com-manded him. 12 Then the Israelites declared to Moses, “Look, we are perishing! We are lost; we are all lost! 13 Anyone who comes near the taber-nacle of the LORD will die. Are we all going to perish?” Duties of Priests and Levites So the LORD said to Aaron, “You and your sons and your father's house must bear the iniquity involving the sanctu-ary. And you and your sons alone must bear the iniquity involving your priesthood. 2 But bring with you also your brothers from the tribe of Le vi, the tribe of your father, that they may join you and assist you and your sons be-fore the Tent of the Testimony. 3 And they shall attend to your duties and to all the duties of the Tent; but they must not come near to the furnishings of the sanctuary or the altar, or both they and you will die. 4 They are to join you and attend to the duties of the Tent of Meeting, doing all the work at the Tent; but no outsider may come near you. 5 And you shall attend to the duties of the sanc-tuary and of the altar, so that wrath may not fall on the Israelites again. 6 Behold, I Myself have selected your fellow Levites from the Is-raelites as a gift to you, dedicated to the LORD to perform the service for the Tent of Meeting. 7 But only you and your sons shall attend to your priesthood for everything concerning the altar and what is inside the veil, and you are to perform that service. I am giving you the work of the priesthood as a gift, but any outs ider who comes near the sanctuary must be put to death. ” Offerings for Priests and Levites 8 Then the LORD said to Aaron, “Behold, I have put you in charge of My offerings. As for all the sacred offerings of the Israelites, I have given them to you and your sons as a portion and a permanent statute. 9 A portion of the most holy offerings reserved from the fire will be yours. From all the offerings they render to Me as most holy offerings, whether grain offer-ings or sin offerings or guilt offerings, that pa rt belongs to you and your sons. 10 You are to eat it as a most holy offering,a   and every male may eat it. You shall regard it as holy. 11 And this is yours as well: the offering of their gifts, along with all the wave offerings of the Israelites. I have given this to you and your sons and daughters as a permanent statute. Every ceremonially clean person in your household may eat it. 12 I give you all the fresh-est olive oil and all the finest new wine and grain that the Israelites gi ve to the LORD as their firstfruits. 13 The firstfruits of everything in their land that they bring to the LORD will belong to you. Every ceremonially clean per-son in your household may eat them. 14 Every devoted thing in Israel belongs to you. 15 The fir stborn of every womb, whether man or beast, that is offered to the LORD belongs to you. But you must surely redeem every firstborn son and every firstborn male of unclean animals. 16 You are to pay the re-demption price for a month-old male accord-ing to your valuation: five shekels of silver,b according to the sanctuary shekel, which is twenty gerahs. c   17 But you must not redeem the firstborn of an ox, a sheep, or a goat; they are holy. You are t o sprinkle their blood on the altar and burn their fat as an offering made by fire, a pleasing 18 Numbers 18:1 7 | 185 a 10 Or You are to eat it in a most holy place   b 16 5 shekels is approximately 2 ounces or 57 grams of silver. c 16 20 gerahs is equivalent to one shekel (approximately 0. 4 ounces or 11. 4 grams).

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aroma to the LORD. 18 And their meat belongs to you, just as the breast and right thigh of the wave offering belong to you. 19 All the holy offerings that the Israelites pre-sent to the LORD I give to you and to your sons and daughters as a permanent statute. It is a permanent covenant of salt a   before the LORD for you and your offspring. ” 20 Then the LORD said to Aaron, “You will have no inheritance in their land, nor will you have any portion among them. I am your portion and your inheritance among the Israelites. 21 Behold, I have given to the Levites all the tithes in Israel as an inheritance in return for the work they do, the service of the Tent of Meeting. 22 No longer may the Israelites come near to the Tent of Meeting, or they will incur guilt an d die. 23 The Levites are to perform the work of the Tent of Meeting, and they must bear their in-iquity. This is a permanent statute for the gen-erations to come. The Levites will not receive an inheritance among the Israelites. 24 For I have given to the Levites as their inheritance the tithe that the Israelites present to the LORD as a contribution. That is why I told them that they would not receive an inher-itance among the Israelites. ” 25 And the LORD instructed Moses, 26 “Speak to the Levites and tell them: 'When you receive from the Israelites the tithe that I have given you as your inheritance, you must present part of it as an offering to the LORD —a tithe of the tithe. 27 Your offering will be reckoned to you as grain from the threshing floor or juice from the winepress. 28 So you are to present an offering to the LORD from all the tithes you receive from the Israelites, and from these you are to give the LORD's offering to Aaron the priest. 29 You must present the offering due the LORD from all the best of every gift, the ho-liest part of it. ' 30 Therefore say to the Levites, 'When you have presented the best part, it will be reck-oned to you as the produce of the threshing floor or winepress. 31 And you and your households may eat the rest of it anywhere; it is the compensation for your work at the Tent of Meeting. 32 Once you have presented the best part of it, you will not incur guilt because of it. But you must not defile the sacred offer-ings of the Israelites, or else you will die. '  ” The Red Heifer Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 2 “This is the statute of the law that the LORD has commanded: Instruct the Israelites to bring you an unblemished red heifer that has no defect and has never been placed under a yoke. 3 Give it to Eleazar the priest, and he will have it brought outside the camp and slaughtered in his presence. 4 Eleazar the priest is to take some of its blood on his finger and sprinkle it seven times to-ward the front of the Tent of Meeting. 5 Then the heifer must be burned in his sight. Its hide, its flesh, and its blood ar e to be burned, along with its dung. 6 The priest is to take cedar wood, hyssop, and scarlet wool and throw them onto the burning heifer. 7 Then the priest must wash his clothes and bathe his body in water; after that he may en-ter the camp, but he will be ceremonially un-clean until evening. 8 The one who burned the heifer must also wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and he too will be ceremo-nially unclean until evening. 19 186 | Numbers 18: 18 a 19 That is, a perpetual covenant

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9 Then a man who is ceremonially clean is to gather up the ashes of the heifer and store them in a ceremonially clean place outside the camp. They must be kept by the congregation of Israel for preparing the water of purifica-tion; this is for purification from sin. 10 The man who has gathered up the ashes of the heifer must also wash his clothes, and he will be ceremonially unclean until evening. This is a permanent statute for the Israelites and for the foreigner residing among them. Purification of the Unc lean 11 Whoever touches any dead body will be un-clean for seven days. 12 He must purify himself with the water on the third day and on the sev-enth day; then he will be clean. But if he does not purify himself on the third and seventh days, he will not be c lean. 13 Anyone who touches a human corpse and fails to purify himself defiles the tabernacle of the LORD. That person must be cut off from Israel. He remains unclean, because the water of purifi-cation has not been sprinkled on him, and his uncleanness is still on him. 14 This is the law when a person dies in a tent: Everyone who enters the tent and everyone already in the tent will be unclean for seven days, 15 and any open container without a lid fastened on it is unclean. 16 Anyone in the open field who touches some-one who has been killed by the sword or has died of natural causes, or anyone who touches a human bone or a grave, will be unclean for seven days. 17 For the purification of the unclean person, take some of the ashes of the burnt sin offer-ing, put them in a jar, and pour fresh water a   over them. 18 Then a man who is ceremonially clean is to take some hyssop, dip it in the water, and sprinkle the tent, all the furnish-ings, and the people who were there. He is also to sprinkle the one who touched a bone, a grave, or a person who has died or been slain. 19 The man who is ceremonially clean is to sprinkle the unclean person on the third day and on the seventh day. After he purifies the unclean person on the seventh day, the one being cleansed must wash his clothes and bathe in water, and that evening he will be clean. 20 But if a person who is unclean does not purify himself, he will be cut off from the assembly, because he has defiled the sanctu-ary of the LORD. The water of purification has not been sprinkled on him; he is unclean. 21 This is a permanen t statute for the people: The one who sprinkles the water of purifica-tion must wash his clothes, and whoever touches the water of purification will be unclean until evening. 22 Anything the unclean person touches will become unclean, and anyone who touch es it will be unclean until evening. ” Water from the Rock (Exodus 17: 1-7) In the first month, the whole congre-gation of Israel entered the Wilder-ness of Zin and stayed in Kadesh. There Miriam died and was buried. 2 Now there was no water for the congrega-tion, so they gathered against Moses and Aaron. 3 The people quarreled wit h Moses and said, “If only we had perished with our brothers before the LORD! 4 Why have you brought the LORD's assembly into this wilder-ness for us and our livestock to die here? 5 Why have you led us up out of Egypt to bring us to this wretched place? I t is not a place of grain, figs, vines, or pomegranates —and there is no water to drink!” 20 a 17 Or flowing water or living water Numbers 20: 5 | 187

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6 Then Moses and Aaron went from the pres-ence of the assembly to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. They fell facedown, and the glory of the LORD appeared to them. 7 And the LORD said to Moses, 8 “Take the staff and assemble the congregation. You and your brother Aaron are to speak to the rock while they watch, and it will pour out its water. You will bring out water from the rock and provide drink for the congregation and their live-stock. ” 9 So Moses took the staff from the LORD's presence, just as he had been commanded. 10 Then Moses and Aaron gathered the assem-bly in front of the rock, and Moses said to them, “Listen now, you rebels, must we bring you water out of this rock?” 11 Then Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff, so tha t a great amount of water gushed out, and the congregation and their livestock were able to drink. 12 But the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “Be-cause you did not trust Me to show My holi-ness in the sight of the Israelites, you will not bring this assembly into the land that I have given them. ” 13 These were the waters of Meribah,a   where the Israelites quarreled with the LORD, and He showed His holiness among them. Edom Refuses Passage 14 From Kadesh, Moses sent messengers to tell the king of Edom, “This is what your brother Israel says: You know all the hardship that has befallen us, 15 how our fathers went down to Egypt, where we lived many years. The Egyp-tians mistreated us and our fathe rs, 16 and when we cried out to the LORD, He heard our voice, sent an angel, and brought us out of Egypt. Now look, we are in Kadesh, a city on the edge of your territory. 17 Please let us pass through your land. We will not cut through any field or vineyard, or drink water from any well. We will stay on the King's Highway; we will not turn to the right or to the left until we have passed through your territory. ” 18 But Edom answered, “You may not travel through our land, or we will come out and con-front you with the sword. ” 19 “We will stay on the main road,” the Israel-ites replied, “and if we or our herds drink your water, we will pay for it. There will be no prob-lem; only let us pass through on foot. ” 20 But Edom insisted, “You may not pass through. ” And they came out to confront the Israelites with a large army and a strong hand. 21 So Edom refused to allow Israel to pass through their territory, and Israel turned away from them. The Death of Aaron 22 After they had set out from Kadesh, the whole con gregation of Israel came to Mount Hor. 23 And at Mount Hor, near the border of the land of Edom, the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, 24 “Aaron will be gathered to his people; he will not enter the land that I have given the Israelites, because both of you re-belled against My command at the waters of Meribah. 25 Take Aaron and his son Eleazar and bring them up Mount Hor. 26 Remove Aaron's priestly garments and put them on his son Eleazar. Aaron will be gathered to his people and will die there. ” 27 So Mos es did as the LORD had commanded, and they climbed Mount Hor in the sight of the whole congregation. 28 After Moses had re-moved Aaron's garments and put them on his son Eleazar, Aaron died there on top of the 188 | Numbers 20:6 a 13 Meribah means quarreling  ; also in verse 24; see Exodus 17:7.

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mountain. Then Moses and Eleazar came down from the mountain. 29 When the whole congregation saw that Aaron had died, the entire house of Israel mourned for him thirty days. The Defeat of Arad When the Canaanite king of Arad, who lived in the Negev, heard that Is-rael was coming along the road to Atharim, he attacked Israel and captured some prisoners. 2 So Israel made a vow to the LORD: “If You will deliver this people into our hands, we will devote their cities to destruction. a  ” 3 And the LORD heard Israel's plea and deliv-ered up the Canaanites. Israel devoted them and their cities to destruction; so they named the place Hormah. b The Bronze Serpent 4 Then they set out from Mount Hor along the route to the Red Sea,c   in order to bypass the land of Edom. But the people grew impatient on the journey 5 and spoke against God and against Moses: “Why have you led us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? There is no bread or water, and we detest this wretched food!” 6 So the LORD sent venomous snakes among the people, and many of the Israelites were bitten and died. 7 Then the people came to Moses and said, “We have sinned by speaking against the LORD and against you. Intercede with the LORD so He will take the snakes away from us. ” So Moses interceded for the people. 8 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Make a fiery serpent and mount it on a pole. When anyone who is bitten looks at it, he will live. ” 9 So Mo-ses made a bronze snake and mounted it on a pole. If anyone who was bitten looked at the bronze snake, he would live. The Journey to Moab 10 Then the Israelites set out and camped at Oboth. 11 They journeyed from Oboth and camped at Iye-abarim in the wilderness oppo-site Moab to the east. 12 From there they set out and camped in the Valley of Zered. 13 From there they moved on and camped on the other side of the Arnon, in the wilderness that extends into the Amorite territory. Now the Arnon is the border between the Moabites and the Amorites. 14 Therefore it is stated in the Book of the Wars of the LORD: “Waheb in Su phah and the wadis of the Arnon, 15 even the slopes of the wadis that extend to the site of Ar and lie along the border of Moab. ” 16 From there they went on to Beer,d   the well where the LORD said to Moses, “Gather the people so that I may give them water. ” 17 Then Israel sang this song: “Spring up, O well, al l of you sing to it! 18 The princes dug the well; the nobles of the people hollowed it out with their scepters an d with their staffs. ” From the wilderness the Israelites went on to Mattanah, 19 and from Mattanah to Nahaliel, and from Nahaliel to Bamoth, 20 and from Bamoth to the valley in Moab where the top of Pisgah overlooks the wasteland. e 21 Numbers 21:2 0 | 189 a 2 Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also in verse 3. b 3 Hormah means destruction  . c 4 Or the Sea of Reeds   d 16 Beer means well  . e 20 Or Jeshimon  

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The Defeat of Sihon (Deuteronomy 2:24-37) 21 Then Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites, saying, 22 “Let us pass through your land. We will not cut through any field or vineyard, or drink water from any well. We will stay on the King's Highway until we have passed through your territor y. ” 23 But Sihon would not let Israel pass through his territory. Instead, he gathered his whole army and went out to confront Israel in the wilderness. When he came to Jahaz,a   he fought against Israel. 24 And Israel put him to the sword and took possession of his land, from the Arnon to the Jabbok —but only up to the border of the Ammonites, because it was fortified. b 25 Israel captured all the cities of the Amorites and occupied them, including Heshbon and all its villages. 26 Heshbon was the city of Sihon king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab and taken all his land as far as the Arnon. 27 That is why the poets say: “Come to Heshbon, let it be rebuilt; let the city of Sihon be restored. 28 For a fire went out from Heshbon, a blaze from the city of Sihon. It consumed Ar of Moab, the rulers of Arnon's heights. 29 Woe to you, O Moa b! You are destroyed, O people of Chemosh! He gave up his sons as refugees, an d his daughters into captivity to Sihon king of the Amorites. 30 But we have overthrown them; Heshbon is destroyed as far as Dibon. We demolished them as far as Nophah, wh ich reaches to Medeba. c  ” The Defeat of Og (Deuteronomy 3: 1-11) 31 So Israel lived in the land of the Amorites. 32 After Moses had sent spies to Jazer, Israel captured its villages and drove out the Amo-rites who were there. 33 Then they turned and went up the road to Bashan, and Og king of Bashan and his whole army came out to meet them in battle at Edrei. 34 But the LORD said to Moses, “Do not fear him, for I have delivered him into your hand, along with all his people and his land. Do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon. ” 35 So they struck down Og, along with his sons and his whole army, until no remnant was left. And they took possession of his land. Balak Summons Balaam Then the Israelites traveled on and camped in the plains of Moab near the Jordan, across from Jericho. 2 Now Balak son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites, 3 and Moab was ter-rified of the people because they were numer-ous. Indeed, Moab dreaded the Israelites. 4 So the Moabites said to the elders of Midian, “This horde will devour everyt hing around us, as an ox licks up the grass of the field. ” Since Balak son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time, 5 he sent messengers to Balaam son of Beor at Pethor, which is by the Euphrates d   in the land of his people. “Behold, a people has come out of Egypt,” said Balak. “They cover the face of the land and have settled next to me. 6 So please come now and put a curse on this people, because they are too mighty for me. Perhaps I may be able 22 190 | Numbers 21: 21 a 23 Jahaz is a variant of Jahzah  ; see 1 Chronicles 6:78. b 24 Or becaus e the territory was rugged  ; literally becaus e it was strong   c 30 Or We demolished them until fire spread to Medeba   d 5 Hebrew the River

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to defeat them and drive them out of the land; for I know that those you bless are blessed, and those you curse are cursed. ” 7 The elders of Moab and Midian departed with the fees for divination in hand. They came to Balaam and relayed to him the words of Balak. 8 “Spend the night here,” Balaam replied, “and I will give you the answer that the LORD speaks to me. ” So the princes of Moab stayed with Balaam. 9 Then God came to Balaam and asked, “Who are these men with you?” 10 And Balaam said to God, “Balak son of Zip-por, king of Moab, sent me this message: 11 'Behold, a people has come out of Egypt, and they cover the face of the land. Now come and put a curse on them for me. Perhaps I may be able to fight against them and drive them away. '  ” 12 But God said to Balaam, “Do not go with them. You are not to curse this people, for they are blessed. ” 13 So Balaam got up the next morning and said to Balak's princes, “Go back to your homeland, because the LORD has refused to let me go with you. ” 14 And the princes of Moab arose, returned to Balak, and said, “Balaam refused to come with us. ” 15 Then Balak sent other princes, more numer-ous and more distinguished than the first mes-sengers. 16 They came to Balaam and said, “This is what Balak son of Zippor says: 'Please let nothing hinder you from coming to me, 17 for I will honor you richly and do whatever you say. So please come and put a curse on this people for me!'  ” 18 But Balaam replied to the servants of Balak, “If Balak were to give me his house full of sil-ver and gold, I could not do anything small or great to go beyond the command of the LORD my God. 19 So now, please stay here overnight as the others did, that I may find out what else the LORD has to tell me. ” 20 That night God came to Balaam and said, “Since these men have come to summon you, get up and go with them, but you must only do what I tell you. ” 21 So in the morning Balaam got up, saddled his donkey, and went with the princes of Moab. The Angel and Balaam's Donkey 22 Then God's anger was kindled because Ba-laam was going along, and the angel a   of the LORD stood in the road to oppose him. Balaam was riding his donkey, and his two servants were with him. 23 When the donkey saw the angel of the LORD standing in the road with a drawn sword in his hand, she turned off the path and went into a field. So Balaam beat her to return her to the path. 24 Then the angel of the LORD stood in a nar-row passage between two vineyards, with walls on either side. 25 And the donkey saw the angel of the LORD and pressed herself against the wall, crushing Balaam's foot against it. So he beat her once again. 26 And the angel of the LORD moved on ahead and stood in a narrow place where there was no room to turn to the right or left. 27 When the donkey saw the angel of the LORD, she lay down under Balaam, and he became furious and beat her with his staff. 28 Then the LORD opened the donkey's mouth, and she said to Balaam, “What have I done to Numbers 22:2 8 | 191 a 22 Or Angel  ; here through the rest of chapter 22; corresponding pronouns may also be capitalized.

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you that you have beaten me these three times?” 29 Balaam answered the donkey, “You have made a fool of me! If I had a sword in my hand, I would kill you right now!” 30 But the donkey said to Balaam, “Am I not the donkey you have ridden all your life until to-day? Have I ever treated you this way before?” “No,” he replied. 31 Then the LORD opened Balaam's eyes, and he saw the angel of th e LORD standing in the road with a drawn sword in his hand. And Ba-laam bowed low and fell facedown. 32 The angel of the LORD asked him, “Why have you beaten your donkey these three times? Behold, I have come out to oppose you, because your way is perverse a   before me. 33 The donkey saw me and turned away from me these three times. If she had not turned away, then by now I would surely have killed you and let her live. ” 34 “I have sinned,” Balaam said to the angel of the LORD, “for I did not realize that you were standing in the road to confront me. And now, if this is displeasing in your sight, I will go back home. ” 35 But the angel of the LORD said to Balaam, “Go with the men, but you are to speak only what I tell you. ” So Balaam went with the princes of Balak. 36 When Balak heard that Balaam was coming, he went out to meet him at the Moabite city on the Arnon border, at the edge of his territory. 37 And he said to Balaam, “Did I not send you an urgent summons? Why did you not come to me? Am I really not able to ric hly reward you?” 38 “See, I have come to you,” Balaam replied, “but can I say just anything? I must speak only the word that God puts in my mouth. ” 39 So Balaam accompanied Balak, and they came to Kiriath-huzoth. 40 Balak sacrificed cattle and sheep, and he gave portions to Ba-laam and the princes who were with him. 41 The next morning, Balak took Balaam and brought him up to Bamoth-baal. From there he could see the outskirts of the camp of the people. Balaam's First Oracle Then Balaam said to Balak, “Build for me seven altars here, and prepare for me seven bulls and seven rams. ” 2 So Balak did as Balaam had instructed, and Balak and Balaam offered a bull and a ram on each altar. 3 “Stay here by your burnt offering while I am gone,” Balaam said to Balak. “Perhaps the LORD will meet with me. And whatever He re-veals to me, I will tell you. ” So Balaam went off to a barren height, 4 and God met with him. “I have set up seven altars,” Balaam said, “and on each altar I have offer ed a bull and a ram. ” 5 Then the LORD put a message in Balaam's mouth, saying, “Return to Balak and give him this message. ” 6 So he returned to Balak, who was standing there beside his burnt offering, with all the princes of Moab. 7 And Balaam lifted up an oracle, saying: “Balak brought me from Aram, the king of Moab from the mountains of the east. 23 192 | Numbers 22: 29 a 32 Or reckless or contrary

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