patrickbdevaney/mia9 · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 0 6.44k
(17.4) 65.2
(18.4) 69.8
(21.0) 73.6
(23.1) 76.5
(24.7) 78.0
(25.6) 78.1
(25.6) 77.2
(25.1) 74.4
(23.6) 68.6
(20.3) 64.6
(18.1) 70.9
(21.6)
Record low °F (°C) 32
(0) 37
(3) 32
(0) 46
(8) 58
(14) 65
(18) 66
(19) 67
(19) 67
(19) 54
(12) 39
(4) 32
(0) 32
(0)
Average rainfall inches (mm) 2.33
(59) 2.27
(58) 2.47
(63) 3.44
(87) 4.94
(125) 7.76
(197) 5.98
(152) 7.51
(191) 8.45
(215) 6.49
(165) 3.29
(84) 2.25
(57) 57.18
(1,453)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) 6.7 6.0 6.9 6.0 8.9 14.5 12.1 14.0 14.9 11.2 8.1 6.9 116.2
Source: NOAA (extremes 1927−present)[6]
This chart shows the average coastal ocean water temperature by month in degrees Fahrenheit for Miami Beach based on historical[when?] measurements.[21]

January February March April 1−15 April 16−30 May 1−15 May 16−31 June 1−15 June 16−30 July 1−15 July 16−31 August 1−15 August 16−31 September 1−15 September 16−30 October 1−15 October 16−31 November December
71 °F (22 °C) 73 °F (23 °C) 75 °F (24 °C) 78 °F (26 °C) 78 °F (26 °C) 80 °F (27 °C) 81 °F (27 °C) 84 °F (29 °C) 85 °F (29 °C) 86 °F (30 °C) 86 °F (30 °C) 86 °F (30 °C) 84 °F (29 °C) 84 °F (29 °C) 83 °F (28 °C) 83 °F (28 °C) 79 °F (26 °C) 76 °F (24 °C) 73 °F (23 °C)

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
See or edit raw graph data.

Hurricanes
The Atlantic hurricane season officially runs from June 1 through November 30, although hurricanes can develop beyond those dates. The most likely time for Miami to be hit is during the peak of the Cape Verde season which is mid-August through the end of September.[22] Due to its location between two major bodies of water known for tropical activity, Miami is also statistically the most likely major city in the world to be struck by a hurricane, trailed closely by Nassau, Bahamas, and Havana, Cuba.

Despite this, Miami has not been directly hit by a hurricane since Hurricane Cleo in 1964.[23] However, many other hurricanes have affected the city, namely the Great Miami Hurricane in 1926, Betsy in 1965, Andrew in 1992, Irene in 1999, and Hurricanes Katrina and Wilma in 2005, and Hurricane Irma in 2017. At least 35 direct and 26 indirect deaths in Florida were attributed to Wilma. Additionally throughout Florida, at least 84 people died in storm-related incidents as a result of Irma.[citation needed]

In addition, a tropical depression in October 2000 passed over the city, causing record rainfall and flooding. The storm was labeled locally as the No Name Storm of 2000, though the depression went on to become Tropical Storm Leslie upon entering the Atlantic Ocean.[citation needed]

A hurricane, known as the "Great Miami Hurricane of 1926," caused catastrophic damage to the heavily developed Miami and Miami Beach area. Hurricane Betsy passed over Key Largo, south of the city, but did cause hurricane-force winds and very heavy rainfall there. Hurricane Andrew in 1992 also struck south of city and caused extensive damage and flooding in the Homestead area suburbs. Hurricane Wilma in 2005 caused severe damage to many high-rise buildings in the downtown area as it broke many windows out, which in turn caused bad water damage on the insides of the buildings. It also caused at least 35 direct and 26 indirect fatalities in Florida.[citation needed]

Miami has been identified as one of three cities in the United States most vulnerable to hurricanes, mainly due to its location and it being surrounded by ocean and low-lying coastal plains, the other two cities being New Orleans and Houston.[24]


There are a number of environmental issues in Florida. A large portion of Florida is a biologically diverse ecosystem, with large wetlands in the Everglades. Management of environmental issues related to the everglades and the larger coastal waters and wetlands have been important to the history of Florida and the development of multiple parts of the economy of Florida, including the influential agricultural industry. This biodiversity leaves much of Florida's ecological ecosystem vulnerable to invasive species and human sources of industrial pollution and waste.

Moreover, because of Florida's low geography, Florida has been described as "ground zero" in the United States for the impacts of climate change in the United States.

Everglades
Main article: Draining and development of the Everglades

The Everglades ecoregion, highlighted in a satellite photograph
The Everglades are tropical wetlands located in the southern portion of Florida that have been designated under the Ramsar Convention as one of only three wetland areas of global importance. A restoration of the Everglades is being carried out with a $7.8 billion, 30-year project aimed at its preservation and restoration.[1]

Biodiversity
The Florida panther is an endangered population of the cougar (Puma concolor). There are about 230 individuals in the wild. The Center for Biological Diversity and others have called for a special protected area for the panther.[2]

Manatees are also dying at a rate much higher than their reproduction.[3]

In 1977, the federal government placed alligators on the endangered list. They were removed from the endangered list in 1987 and Florida permitted selective hunting in 1988.[4]

In 2013, the US Fish and Wildlife Service was examining a list of nine species to see if they should be added to the protected list. These included bridled darter, Panama City crayfish, Suwanee moccasin shell mussel, eastern hellbender salamander, Florida Keys mole skink, MacGillivray's seaside sparrow, boreal toad, Sierra Nevada red fox, and the Bicknell's thrush.

Invasive species
The state has more invasive amphibians and reptiles than anyplace else in the world. The pet industry was responsible for 84% of the 137 non-native species introduced from 1863 to 2010. 25% were traced to a single importer.[5]

Flora
Approximately 1,300 of Florida's plant species (31 percent of the total) are non-natives which have become established; 10 percent of these are considered invasive.[6] The three most ecologically damaging are Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius), which has taken over 703,500 acres (2,800 km2) in south and central Florida, and forms single-species environments; melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia), which has invaded 488,800 acres (2,000 km2) - more than 12 percent of total land area in South Florida, and was spreading at an estimated 50 acres (202,300 m2) per day; and Australian pine (Casuarina spp.) which covered 372,723 acres (1,500 km2), and whose fallen needles release a chemical into the soil which inhibits the growth of native plants.[7]

In 2013, five rare butterflies, indigenous to Florida, haven't been seen in over six years. These include the zestos skipper, rockland Meske's skipper, zarucco duskywing, nickerbean blue, and the Bahamian swallowtail. The US Fish and Wildlife Service is reluctant to declare them extinct because other butterfly species have been "rediscovered" after long periods of not being seen by man.[8]

Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) is the most significant invasive aquatic plant species in the state;[9] aggressive biological, chemical and mechanical management has reduced the effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)[10] and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes).[11]

Fauna
Due in part to its prevalence in the exotic pet trade,[12] Florida has a large number of non-native species. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission tracks 31 species of mammals,[13] 196 species of birds,[14] 48 species of reptiles,[15] 4 species of amphibians,[16] and 55 species of fish[17] that have been observed in the state. Many of the identified species are either non-breeding or stable populations, but several species, including the cane toad (Bufo marinus),[18] Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus),[19] Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus),[20] and Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus),[21] have created significant impact on the delicate ecosystems of the state, especially in the tropical southern third of the state.

Florida's fresh waters are host to 34 confirmed breeding species of exotic (introduced) fish, a higher number than any other place on earth.[22]

Since their accidental importation from South America into North America in the 1930s, the red imported fire ant population has increased its territorial range to include most of the Southern United States, including Florida. They are more aggressive than most native ant species and have a painful sting.[23]

Fungus endangering some non-native palms
Native fusarium wilt is endangering several types of palm trees including the non-native queen palms, and the Washingtonia palms. The fungus is apparently being spread by humans using unsanitized power tools.[24]

(17.4) 65.2

(18.4) 69.8

(21.0) 73.6

(23.1) 76.5

(24.7) 78.0

(25.6) 78.1

(25.6) 77.2

(25.1) 74.4

(23.6) 68.6

(20.3) 64.6

(18.1) 70.9

(21.6)

Record low °F (°C) 32

(0) 37

(3) 32

(0) 46

(8) 58

(14) 65

(18) 66

(19) 67

(19) 54

(12) 39

(4) 32

(0) 32

(0)

Average rainfall inches (mm) 2.33

(59) 2.27

(58) 2.47

(63) 3.44

(87) 4.94

(125) 7.76

(197) 5.98

(152) 7.51

(191) 8.45

(215) 6.49

(165) 3.29

(84) 2.25

(57) 57.18

(1,453)

Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) 6.7 6.0 6.9 6.0 8.9 14.5 12.1 14.0 14.9 11.2 8.1 6.9 116.2

Source: NOAA (extremes 1927−present)[6]

This chart shows the average coastal ocean water temperature by month in degrees Fahrenheit for Miami Beach based on historical[when?] measurements.[21]

January February March April 1−15 April 16−30 May 1−15 May 16−31 June 1−15 June 16−30 July 1−15 July 16−31 August 1−15 August 16−31 September 1−15 September 16−30 October 1−15 October 16−31 November December

71 °F (22 °C) 73 °F (23 °C) 75 °F (24 °C) 78 °F (26 °C) 78 °F (26 °C) 80 °F (27 °C) 81 °F (27 °C) 84 °F (29 °C) 85 °F (29 °C) 86 °F (30 °C) 86 °F (30 °C) 86 °F (30 °C) 84 °F (29 °C) 84 °F (29 °C) 83 °F (28 °C) 83 °F (28 °C) 79 °F (26 °C) 76 °F (24 °C) 73 °F (23 °C)

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

See or edit raw graph data.

Hurricanes

The Atlantic hurricane season officially runs from June 1 through November 30, although hurricanes can develop beyond those dates. The most likely time for Miami to be hit is during the peak of the Cape Verde season which is mid-August through the end of September.[22] Due to its location between two major bodies of water known for tropical activity, Miami is also statistically the most likely major city in the world to be struck by a hurricane, trailed closely by Nassau, Bahamas, and Havana, Cuba.

Despite this, Miami has not been directly hit by a hurricane since Hurricane Cleo in 1964.[23] However, many other hurricanes have affected the city, namely the Great Miami Hurricane in 1926, Betsy in 1965, Andrew in 1992, Irene in 1999, and Hurricanes Katrina and Wilma in 2005, and Hurricane Irma in 2017. At least 35 direct and 26 indirect deaths in Florida were attributed to Wilma. Additionally throughout Florida, at least 84 people died in storm-related incidents as a result of Irma.[citation needed]

In addition, a tropical depression in October 2000 passed over the city, causing record rainfall and flooding. The storm was labeled locally as the No Name Storm of 2000, though the depression went on to become Tropical Storm Leslie upon entering the Atlantic Ocean.[citation needed]

A hurricane, known as the "Great Miami Hurricane of 1926," caused catastrophic damage to the heavily developed Miami and Miami Beach area. Hurricane Betsy passed over Key Largo, south of the city, but did cause hurricane-force winds and very heavy rainfall there. Hurricane Andrew in 1992 also struck south of city and caused extensive damage and flooding in the Homestead area suburbs. Hurricane Wilma in 2005 caused severe damage to many high-rise buildings in the downtown area as it broke many windows out, which in turn caused bad water damage on the insides of the buildings. It also caused at least 35 direct and 26 indirect fatalities in Florida.[citation needed]

Miami has been identified as one of three cities in the United States most vulnerable to hurricanes, mainly due to its location and it being surrounded by ocean and low-lying coastal plains, the other two cities being New Orleans and Houston.[24]

There are a number of environmental issues in Florida. A large portion of Florida is a biologically diverse ecosystem, with large wetlands in the Everglades. Management of environmental issues related to the everglades and the larger coastal waters and wetlands have been important to the history of Florida and the development of multiple parts of the economy of Florida, including the influential agricultural industry. This biodiversity leaves much of Florida's ecological ecosystem vulnerable to invasive species and human sources of industrial pollution and waste.

Moreover, because of Florida's low geography, Florida has been described as "ground zero" in the United States for the impacts of climate change in the United States.

Everglades

Main article: Draining and development of the Everglades

The Everglades ecoregion, highlighted in a satellite photograph

The Everglades are tropical wetlands located in the southern portion of Florida that have been designated under the Ramsar Convention as one of only three wetland areas of global importance. A restoration of the Everglades is being carried out with a $7.8 billion, 30-year project aimed at its preservation and restoration.[1]

Biodiversity

The Florida panther is an endangered population of the cougar (Puma concolor). There are about 230 individuals in the wild. The Center for Biological Diversity and others have called for a special protected area for the panther.[2]

Manatees are also dying at a rate much higher than their reproduction.[3]

In 1977, the federal government placed alligators on the endangered list. They were removed from the endangered list in 1987 and Florida permitted selective hunting in 1988.[4]

In 2013, the US Fish and Wildlife Service was examining a list of nine species to see if they should be added to the protected list. These included bridled darter, Panama City crayfish, Suwanee moccasin shell mussel, eastern hellbender salamander, Florida Keys mole skink, MacGillivray's seaside sparrow, boreal toad, Sierra Nevada red fox, and the Bicknell's thrush.

Invasive species

The state has more invasive amphibians and reptiles than anyplace else in the world. The pet industry was responsible for 84% of the 137 non-native species introduced from 1863 to 2010. 25% were traced to a single importer.[5]

Flora

Approximately 1,300 of Florida's plant species (31 percent of the total) are non-natives which have become established; 10 percent of these are considered invasive.[6] The three most ecologically damaging are Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius), which has taken over 703,500 acres (2,800 km2) in south and central Florida, and forms single-species environments; melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia), which has invaded 488,800 acres (2,000 km2) - more than 12 percent of total land area in South Florida, and was spreading at an estimated 50 acres (202,300 m2) per day; and Australian pine (Casuarina spp.) which covered 372,723 acres (1,500 km2), and whose fallen needles release a chemical into the soil which inhibits the growth of native plants.[7]

In 2013, five rare butterflies, indigenous to Florida, haven't been seen in over six years. These include the zestos skipper, rockland Meske's skipper, zarucco duskywing, nickerbean blue, and the Bahamian swallowtail. The US Fish and Wildlife Service is reluctant to declare them extinct because other butterfly species have been "rediscovered" after long periods of not being seen by man.[8]

Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) is the most significant invasive aquatic plant species in the state;[9] aggressive biological, chemical and mechanical management has reduced the effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)[10] and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes).[11]

Fauna

Due in part to its prevalence in the exotic pet trade,[12] Florida has a large number of non-native species. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission tracks 31 species of mammals,[13] 196 species of birds,[14] 48 species of reptiles,[15] 4 species of amphibians,[16] and 55 species of fish[17] that have been observed in the state. Many of the identified species are either non-breeding or stable populations, but several species, including the cane toad (Bufo marinus),[18] Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus),[19] Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus),[20] and Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus),[21] have created significant impact on the delicate ecosystems of the state, especially in the tropical southern third of the state.

Florida's fresh waters are host to 34 confirmed breeding species of exotic (introduced) fish, a higher number than any other place on earth.[22]

Since their accidental importation from South America into North America in the 1930s, the red imported fire ant population has increased its territorial range to include most of the Southern United States, including Florida. They are more aggressive than most native ant species and have a painful sting.[23]

Fungus endangering some non-native palms

Native fusarium wilt is endangering several types of palm trees including the non-native queen palms, and the Washingtonia palms. The fungus is apparently being spread by humans using unsanitized power tools.[24]