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AIPD_nlp_sentence_dataset

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9. A computing device comprising: at least one processor; a presence-sensitive display; and a memory configured to store instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to: output, for display at the presence-sensitive display, a graphical user interface including a committed-text region, a text-suggestion region, and a graphical keyboard comprising a plurality of keys; determine a first single-touch gesture detected at a first region of the presence-sensitive display at which a first key of the plurality of keys is displayed and a second single-touch gesture detected at a second region of the presence-sensitive display at which a second key of the plurality of keys is displayed, wherein a first character is associated with the first key and a second character is associated with the second key; determine, based on the first single-touch gesture and the second single-touch gesture, a first candidate word of a candidate phrase and a second candidate word of the candidate phrase, wherein the first candidate word comprises the first character and the second candidate word comprises the second character; output, for display in the committed-text region of the graphical user interface, the first candidate word and the second candidate word; and output, for display in the text-suggestion region of the graphical user interface, at least one next word that is subsequent to the first candidate word and the second candidate word in the candidate phrase.

9. A computing device comprising: at least one processor; a presence-sensitive display; and a memory configured to store instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to: output, for display at the presence-sensitive display, a graphical user interface including a committed-text region, a text-suggestion region, and a graphical keyboard comprising a plurality of keys; determine a first single-touch gesture detected at a first region of the presence-sensitive display at which a first key of the plurality of keys is displayed and a second single-touch gesture detected at a second region of the presence-sensitive display at which a second key of the plurality of keys is displayed, wherein a first character is associated with the first key and a second character is associated with the second key; determine, based on the first single-touch gesture and the second single-touch gesture, a first candidate word of a candidate phrase and a second candidate word of the candidate phrase, wherein the first candidate word comprises the first character and the second candidate word comprises the second character; output, for display in the committed-text region of the graphical user interface, the first candidate word and the second candidate word; and output, for display in the text-suggestion region of the graphical user interface, at least one next word that is subsequent to the first candidate word and the second candidate word in the candidate phrase. 12. The computing device of claim 9 , wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to: select, based at least in part on the first single-touch gesture and the second single touch gesture, the first key and the second key of the plurality of keys; determine, based at least in part on the first key, a word-level token comprising a single string of a plurality of predicted characters; determine that the word-level token represents the first candidate word; and in response to determining that the word-level token represents the first candidate word, determine a phrase-level token based at least in part on the word-level token and the second key, wherein the phrase-level token comprises a plurality of character strings including the first candidate word, the second candidate word, and the at least one next word.

10. Apparatus for providing speech output for a speech-enabled application, the apparatus comprising: a memory storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions; and at least one processor, operatively coupled to the memory, that executes the instructions to: receive from the speech-enabled application a text input comprising a text transcription of a desired speech output; generate an audio speech output corresponding to at least a portion of the text input, the audio speech output comprising at least one portion carrying contrastive stress to contrast with at least one other portion of the audio speech output; and provide the audio speech output for the speech-enabled application; wherein the at least one processor executes the instructions to generate the audio speech output at least in part by: identifying a plurality of tokens of the text input of a same text normalization type for which a contrastive stress pattern is to be applied; identifying at least one token of the plurality of tokens to be rendered with contrastive stress; and assigning contrastive stress to be carried by at least one portion of the audio speech output corresponding to at least one portion of the at least one token of the text input; wherein the at least one processor executes the instructions to perform the assigning at least in part by: identifying at least one first portion of the at least one token of the plurality of tokens that differs from at least one corresponding first portion of at least one other token of the plurality of tokens, and at least one second portion of the at least one token that does not differ from at least one corresponding second portion of the at least one other token; and assigning contrastive stress to be carried by at least one first portion of the audio speech output corresponding to the identified at least one first portion of the at least one token, but not to at least one second portion of the audio speech output corresponding to the identified at least one second portion of the at least one token.

10. Apparatus for providing speech output for a speech-enabled application, the apparatus comprising: a memory storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions; and at least one processor, operatively coupled to the memory, that executes the instructions to: receive from the speech-enabled application a text input comprising a text transcription of a desired speech output; generate an audio speech output corresponding to at least a portion of the text input, the audio speech output comprising at least one portion carrying contrastive stress to contrast with at least one other portion of the audio speech output; and provide the audio speech output for the speech-enabled application; wherein the at least one processor executes the instructions to generate the audio speech output at least in part by: identifying a plurality of tokens of the text input of a same text normalization type for which a contrastive stress pattern is to be applied; identifying at least one token of the plurality of tokens to be rendered with contrastive stress; and assigning contrastive stress to be carried by at least one portion of the audio speech output corresponding to at least one portion of the at least one token of the text input; wherein the at least one processor executes the instructions to perform the assigning at least in part by: identifying at least one first portion of the at least one token of the plurality of tokens that differs from at least one corresponding first portion of at least one other token of the plurality of tokens, and at least one second portion of the at least one token that does not differ from at least one corresponding second portion of the at least one other token; and assigning contrastive stress to be carried by at least one first portion of the audio speech output corresponding to the identified at least one first portion of the at least one token, but not to at least one second portion of the audio speech output corresponding to the identified at least one second portion of the at least one token. 14. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the at least one processor executes the instructions to identify the plurality of tokens at least in part by: tokenizing the text input; automatically identifying the text normalization type of the plurality of tokens; and automatically determining that the contrastive stress pattern is to be applied for the plurality of tokens.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the operations further comprise: filtering at least one of the determined posting lists including values outside of the query range of values to remove values not within the query range of values to form at least one filtered posting list only including values within the query range of values, wherein merging the determined posting lists comprising merging the at least one filtered posting list and determined posting lists that are not subject to filtering.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the operations further comprise: filtering at least one of the determined posting lists including values outside of the query range of values to remove values not within the query range of values to form at least one filtered posting list only including values within the query range of values, wherein merging the determined posting lists comprising merging the at least one filtered posting list and determined posting lists that are not subject to filtering. 6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the merging operation comprises an OR merge operation.

16. A computer program, embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program configured to cause a processor to: applying respective weights for a plurality of information items to determine a job priority; determine a first pool of printers based on the respective weights and a second pool of printers without using the respective weights; determine a third pool of printers from the first pool of printers and the second pool of printers; select at least one appropriate device from the third pool of printers to fulfill a job request based on the respective weights and at least one available job specific resource; and process and complete the job using the at least one appropriate device based on the respective weights; wherein the applying of the respective weights for the plurality of information items to determine the job priority comprises taking a value of the collective weights of the plurality of information items and dividing the value by a cumulative utility factor.

16. A computer program, embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program configured to cause a processor to: applying respective weights for a plurality of information items to determine a job priority; determine a first pool of printers based on the respective weights and a second pool of printers without using the respective weights; determine a third pool of printers from the first pool of printers and the second pool of printers; select at least one appropriate device from the third pool of printers to fulfill a job request based on the respective weights and at least one available job specific resource; and process and complete the job using the at least one appropriate device based on the respective weights; wherein the applying of the respective weights for the plurality of information items to determine the job priority comprises taking a value of the collective weights of the plurality of information items and dividing the value by a cumulative utility factor. 17. The computer program of claim 16 , wherein the respective weights are calculated based on user information which comprises at least one of a user identification, a user's department, a user's rank and a user's current project.

10. An apparatus for providing a proactive validation of a transformation script, the apparatus comprising: a memory device that stores a set of instructions; one or more processors that execute the set of instructions to configure the one or more processors to: associate the transformation script with ontology parameters, wherein the ontology parameters include parameters that assign an entity as being an object or a property of an object; initiate a debugging operation of the transformation script having at least one condition, wherein the transformation script uses a builder that defines a definition of the entity as the entity being an object or a property of an object; import, from a data source, at least one data item for transformation; determine, as part of the debugging operation, whether the at least one condition that uses the at least one data item is valid if the assignment of the entity associated with the transformation script is consistent with the definition of the entity, the determination whether the at least one condition that uses the at least one data item is valid being based on the ontology parameters; and provide an indication of a result associated with the determination, wherein the result is at least one of an expressed result or an implicit result.

10. An apparatus for providing a proactive validation of a transformation script, the apparatus comprising: a memory device that stores a set of instructions; one or more processors that execute the set of instructions to configure the one or more processors to: associate the transformation script with ontology parameters, wherein the ontology parameters include parameters that assign an entity as being an object or a property of an object; initiate a debugging operation of the transformation script having at least one condition, wherein the transformation script uses a builder that defines a definition of the entity as the entity being an object or a property of an object; import, from a data source, at least one data item for transformation; determine, as part of the debugging operation, whether the at least one condition that uses the at least one data item is valid if the assignment of the entity associated with the transformation script is consistent with the definition of the entity, the determination whether the at least one condition that uses the at least one data item is valid being based on the ontology parameters; and provide an indication of a result associated with the determination, wherein the result is at least one of an expressed result or an implicit result. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the one or more processors determine that at least one condition is not valid if the assignment of the entity is inconsistent with the definition of the entity.

8. The device of claim 7 , wherein said model editor selects a presentation policy from the presentation policy model to apply to said first model to generate said corresponding presentation model.

8. The device of claim 7 , wherein said model editor selects a presentation policy from the presentation policy model to apply to said first model to generate said corresponding presentation model. 10. The device of claim 8 , wherein said second model is a meta-model.

8. A computer program product, encoded on a non-transitory computer readable medium, operable to cause data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising: receiving a first search query comprising at least one original term in a first language; for each of one or more different languages, each different language being associated with a different collection of documents, (i) translating one or more of the original terms of the first search query into one or more translated terms in the respective language and (ii) determining, for each translated term, a score that is a measure of how common the translated term is in the collection of documents associated with the respective language; in response to determining that at least one of the one or more determined scores for the translated terms into a second language is: (i) greater than a first threshold: and (ii) less than a second threshold selecting the second language from the one or more different languages; generating a second query, the second query being a translation of the first search query into the second language; generating a combined search query using: (i) the first search query comprising at least one original term in the first language, and (ii) the second query in the second language; and obtaining a final group of search results responsive to the combined search query, wherein the final group of search results comprise search results satisfying the first search query and search results satisfying the second query, wherein each of the search results in the final group of search results is assigned a score based in part on a quality of results statistics for the second query.

8. A computer program product, encoded on a non-transitory computer readable medium, operable to cause data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising: receiving a first search query comprising at least one original term in a first language; for each of one or more different languages, each different language being associated with a different collection of documents, (i) translating one or more of the original terms of the first search query into one or more translated terms in the respective language and (ii) determining, for each translated term, a score that is a measure of how common the translated term is in the collection of documents associated with the respective language; in response to determining that at least one of the one or more determined scores for the translated terms into a second language is: (i) greater than a first threshold: and (ii) less than a second threshold selecting the second language from the one or more different languages; generating a second query, the second query being a translation of the first search query into the second language; generating a combined search query using: (i) the first search query comprising at least one original term in the first language, and (ii) the second query in the second language; and obtaining a final group of search results responsive to the combined search query, wherein the final group of search results comprise search results satisfying the first search query and search results satisfying the second query, wherein each of the search results in the final group of search results is assigned a score based in part on a quality of results statistics for the second query. 12. The computer program product of claim 8 wherein the score is an inverse document frequency of the translated term in the respective collection of documents associated with the language.

11. A system for providing musical tones to play an inspirational melody and a corresponding faith building message comprising: a plurality of chimes suspended vertically from a main support member wherein each chime produces a note of the melody; a plurality of message bars also suspended vertically and interspersed with said plurality of chimes, wherein each one of said plurality of message bars has a message inscribe thereon in keeping with the inspirational melody; a faith bar with a hangar positioned above and supporting said main support member so that the system of chimes and message bars hang vertically, wherein a faith building message is inscribed on said faith bar; and at least one striker positioned to strike each one of said plurality of chimes of the melody, wherein cords of the melody are played.

11. A system for providing musical tones to play an inspirational melody and a corresponding faith building message comprising: a plurality of chimes suspended vertically from a main support member wherein each chime produces a note of the melody; a plurality of message bars also suspended vertically and interspersed with said plurality of chimes, wherein each one of said plurality of message bars has a message inscribe thereon in keeping with the inspirational melody; a faith bar with a hangar positioned above and supporting said main support member so that the system of chimes and message bars hang vertically, wherein a faith building message is inscribed on said faith bar; and at least one striker positioned to strike each one of said plurality of chimes of the melody, wherein cords of the melody are played. 13. The system of claim 11 , wherein said plurality of chimes are suspended by chime lines in a circular pattern and said message bars are also suspended in a circular pattern to avoid contact with said chimes.

12. A method comprising: obtaining a first context data of a first environmental attribute of a mobile device; obtaining a second context data of a second environmental attribute of the mobile device; generating a tag cloud comprising a first component that describes the first context data and a second component that describes the second context data; modifying a display attribute of the first component according to the first context data as a function of time; modifying a display attribute of the second component according to the second context data as a function of time; and rendering the context-data tag cloud into a format accessible by a web browser.

12. A method comprising: obtaining a first context data of a first environmental attribute of a mobile device; obtaining a second context data of a second environmental attribute of the mobile device; generating a tag cloud comprising a first component that describes the first context data and a second component that describes the second context data; modifying a display attribute of the first component according to the first context data as a function of time; modifying a display attribute of the second component according to the second context data as a function of time; and rendering the context-data tag cloud into a format accessible by a web browser. 20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the context data comprises a context data of a mobile device extracted from a context-enriched multimedia messaging service (MMS) message.

14. A computer implemented method, comprising: receiving a query and a location identifier identifying a geographic location; obtaining a location-specific set of search results responsive to the query and a global set of search results responsive to the query, wherein the location-specific set of search results is specific to the associated geographic location for the query and the global set of search results is not specific to the associated geographic location for the query; determining one or more scores measuring at least one of quality or responsiveness for the location-specific set of search results; determining one or more scores including a clustering score for the global set of search results, wherein the clustering score is a measure of the geographical clustering of entities associated with the global set of search results relative to each other or around a single location unrelated to the associated geographic location of the query; selecting either the global set of search results or the location-specific set of search results as a primary set of search results based on the one or more scores for the location-specific and the one or more scores for the global set of search results; and identifying one or more identified search results in the primary set of search results for presentation in response to the query.

14. A computer implemented method, comprising: receiving a query and a location identifier identifying a geographic location; obtaining a location-specific set of search results responsive to the query and a global set of search results responsive to the query, wherein the location-specific set of search results is specific to the associated geographic location for the query and the global set of search results is not specific to the associated geographic location for the query; determining one or more scores measuring at least one of quality or responsiveness for the location-specific set of search results; determining one or more scores including a clustering score for the global set of search results, wherein the clustering score is a measure of the geographical clustering of entities associated with the global set of search results relative to each other or around a single location unrelated to the associated geographic location of the query; selecting either the global set of search results or the location-specific set of search results as a primary set of search results based on the one or more scores for the location-specific and the one or more scores for the global set of search results; and identifying one or more identified search results in the primary set of search results for presentation in response to the query. 19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the one or more scores for each of the location-specific and global sets of search results further include one or more responsiveness scores that each estimate how closely results in the set of search results match the query.

92. The method of claim 91 , comprising assigning a state to the registered gesture.

92. The method of claim 91 , comprising assigning a state to the registered gesture. 93. The method of claim 92 , wherein the state is selected from a group consisting of an entry state and a continuation state, wherein a priority of the continuation state is higher than a priority of the entry state.

16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising: receiving information from the application via the first content viewer and the second content viewer at the model content provider, the received information being independent of any type of data structure, wherein the information indicates one of an addition, a modification, and a deletion of at least one element in the query model; and creating one or more additional elements using the model content provider based on the received information responsive to the received information being an addition to the plurality of elements in the query model.

16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising: receiving information from the application via the first content viewer and the second content viewer at the model content provider, the received information being independent of any type of data structure, wherein the information indicates one of an addition, a modification, and a deletion of at least one element in the query model; and creating one or more additional elements using the model content provider based on the received information responsive to the received information being an addition to the plurality of elements in the query model. 20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the first content viewer comprises wrapper code for a particular API, and wherein a new GUI application using a different GUI API is enabled to write its own wrapper code and reuse the second content viewer, which is non-GUI specific.

16. A system for requesting social services from group of users, the system comprises of: a central server unit; at least one service provider and/or searcher computer system providing a service and/or performing a search in response to a service request and/or query from a requestor or searching user; at least one search system receiving request that the group service providers and/or group searching is required, presenting a list of groups of service providers and/or groups of searchers having human service providers and/or searcher members with domain specific expertise and rating, receiving selection of a desired service and/or search groups, prompting for and receiving an authentication information from the requestor or searching user, validating the authentication information, determining whether the requestor or searching user may submit the service request and/or query to a human service provider and/or searcher member of the related or selected service providers group and/or searcher group or a service provider or searcher who is not the human service provider or searcher member based on the match making, connections and subscriptions, and accepting the request or query from the requestor or searching user; a service providers and searchers group database including a service providers and search service of searchers service profiles, service name, ID, service types, service details, service categories, taxonomy, ontology, keywords, ranking, hit statistics, comments, service data including request and response resources, list and profile details of group members; a user system including at least one requestor or searching user interface using which the required service providers or searchers group is selected, the list of service providers or searchers groups being presented in an order based at least in part on the ranking of the service providers or searchers groups; a service providers or searchers of groups database including a service provider or searcher profile(s) including name, location, language, resume, qualification, background, experience, identity data, group identity data, authentication information, user data, ranking hit statistics; and an authorized requestors or searching users or registered subscribers database including the service providers or searchers group identity, an authorized user identity and authentication information, and where at least one of the human service provider or searcher members is selected to provide service or perform the search in response to the request or query from the requester or searching user based on a combination of a categories or keywords of the service or search, two way match making preferences, connections and subscriptions.

16. A system for requesting social services from group of users, the system comprises of: a central server unit; at least one service provider and/or searcher computer system providing a service and/or performing a search in response to a service request and/or query from a requestor or searching user; at least one search system receiving request that the group service providers and/or group searching is required, presenting a list of groups of service providers and/or groups of searchers having human service providers and/or searcher members with domain specific expertise and rating, receiving selection of a desired service and/or search groups, prompting for and receiving an authentication information from the requestor or searching user, validating the authentication information, determining whether the requestor or searching user may submit the service request and/or query to a human service provider and/or searcher member of the related or selected service providers group and/or searcher group or a service provider or searcher who is not the human service provider or searcher member based on the match making, connections and subscriptions, and accepting the request or query from the requestor or searching user; a service providers and searchers group database including a service providers and search service of searchers service profiles, service name, ID, service types, service details, service categories, taxonomy, ontology, keywords, ranking, hit statistics, comments, service data including request and response resources, list and profile details of group members; a user system including at least one requestor or searching user interface using which the required service providers or searchers group is selected, the list of service providers or searchers groups being presented in an order based at least in part on the ranking of the service providers or searchers groups; a service providers or searchers of groups database including a service provider or searcher profile(s) including name, location, language, resume, qualification, background, experience, identity data, group identity data, authentication information, user data, ranking hit statistics; and an authorized requestors or searching users or registered subscribers database including the service providers or searchers group identity, an authorized user identity and authentication information, and where at least one of the human service provider or searcher members is selected to provide service or perform the search in response to the request or query from the requester or searching user based on a combination of a categories or keywords of the service or search, two way match making preferences, connections and subscriptions. 22. The system as claimed in claim 16 , wherein search comprises of present a list of group(s) of service providers, service providers and services with service parameters including rank, grade, namespace, number of hits, statistics, payment terms, metadata, date and time, language, location, domain, associated taxonomy or categories, service name, service description, service user's reviews and/or comments, availability status and service usage details.

16. A data processing system comprising: a processing system coupled to memory, the processing system configured to generate a graphical user interface (GUI) and execute instructions stored in the memory, the instructions to cause the processing system to: display a text input field within the GUI; receive text input from the text input field and generate search suggestions from the text input by searching through content and metadata of files, the search suggestions associated with the text input; display a field within the GUI that contains a set of selectable search suggestions generated from the text input, the selectable search suggestions including a scope and an entity; receive an input to select one of the selectable search suggestions; generate a tokenized search suggestion for the search suggestion selected by the input, the tokenized search suggestion including the scope and the entity of the search suggestion selected by the input; display a graphical representation of the tokenized search suggestion to replace the text input in the text input field, the graphical representation of the first tokenized search suggestion including a selectable scope field including a drop-down menu; and display an input adjacent to the selectable scope field, the input to search in the scope of the search suggestion selected by the input.

16. A data processing system comprising: a processing system coupled to memory, the processing system configured to generate a graphical user interface (GUI) and execute instructions stored in the memory, the instructions to cause the processing system to: display a text input field within the GUI; receive text input from the text input field and generate search suggestions from the text input by searching through content and metadata of files, the search suggestions associated with the text input; display a field within the GUI that contains a set of selectable search suggestions generated from the text input, the selectable search suggestions including a scope and an entity; receive an input to select one of the selectable search suggestions; generate a tokenized search suggestion for the search suggestion selected by the input, the tokenized search suggestion including the scope and the entity of the search suggestion selected by the input; display a graphical representation of the tokenized search suggestion to replace the text input in the text input field, the graphical representation of the first tokenized search suggestion including a selectable scope field including a drop-down menu; and display an input adjacent to the selectable scope field, the input to search in the scope of the search suggestion selected by the input. 18. The system as in claim 16 , wherein the scope comprises one of a recipient of an email, an author of an email, a subject of an email, an entire email, an email mailbox, and a date.

12. A device for providing an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) language system, the device comprising: a processor; a touch-sensitive display operably connected to the processor; and a computer readable medium operably connected to the processor, the computer readable medium containing a set of instructions configured to instruct the processor to perform the following: display a home screen on the touch-sensitive display, the home screen comprising a first plurality of user selectable communication keys, wherein each communication key represents a first word, receive, from the touch-sensitive display, a first indication of a user selection of a first key selected from the first plurality of user selectable communication keys, wherein the first key is located in a first position on the display, in response to receiving the first indication, determine whether the first key is linked to a secondary screen, if the first key is not linked to a secondary screen, output an audible signal representing the first word, and if the first key is linked to a secondary screen, display the secondary screen on the touch-sensitive display, the secondary screen comprising a second plurality of communication keys that are related to the first word, wherein: displaying the secondary screen comprises displaying the second plurality of communication keys that are related to the first word so that the second plurality of communication keys comprise words that are semantically related to the first word as different tenses, conjugations or forms of the first word, and displaying the second plurality of communication keys also comprises displaying the words that are semantically related to the first word on keys that are adjacent to the key containing the first word; wherein the AAC language system is configured so that each key of the secondary screen is configured to output an audible output signal corresponding to a word associated with the key of the secondary screen and the AAC language system will therefore audibly output each user selected word after no more than two user selections.

12. A device for providing an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) language system, the device comprising: a processor; a touch-sensitive display operably connected to the processor; and a computer readable medium operably connected to the processor, the computer readable medium containing a set of instructions configured to instruct the processor to perform the following: display a home screen on the touch-sensitive display, the home screen comprising a first plurality of user selectable communication keys, wherein each communication key represents a first word, receive, from the touch-sensitive display, a first indication of a user selection of a first key selected from the first plurality of user selectable communication keys, wherein the first key is located in a first position on the display, in response to receiving the first indication, determine whether the first key is linked to a secondary screen, if the first key is not linked to a secondary screen, output an audible signal representing the first word, and if the first key is linked to a secondary screen, display the secondary screen on the touch-sensitive display, the secondary screen comprising a second plurality of communication keys that are related to the first word, wherein: displaying the secondary screen comprises displaying the second plurality of communication keys that are related to the first word so that the second plurality of communication keys comprise words that are semantically related to the first word as different tenses, conjugations or forms of the first word, and displaying the second plurality of communication keys also comprises displaying the words that are semantically related to the first word on keys that are adjacent to the key containing the first word; wherein the AAC language system is configured so that each key of the secondary screen is configured to output an audible output signal corresponding to a word associated with the key of the secondary screen and the AAC language system will therefore audibly output each user selected word after no more than two user selections. 16. The device of claim 12 , wherein the first plurality of user selectable keys are each labeled with a core word.

25. The computer program product of claim 24 , wherein the operations further comprise traversing multiple connections in the semantic space between the first element and each other element of the plurality of other elements, wherein the semantic distance between the first element and each other element is based on respective strengths of connections traversed between the first element and the other element.

25. The computer program product of claim 24 , wherein the operations further comprise traversing multiple connections in the semantic space between the first element and each other element of the plurality of other elements, wherein the semantic distance between the first element and each other element is based on respective strengths of connections traversed between the first element and the other element. 26. The computer program product of claim 25 , wherein each connection in the semantic space has a direction of association, and wherein a first strength associated with traversing a connection in a direction opposite to its direction of association is higher than a second strength associated with traversing the connection in its direction of association.

13. A system comprising: a computer; a content viewer operably installed on the computer; and a content object accessible to the computer via the content viewer, the content object including a content viewer readable code component, the content viewer readable code component including dynamically selectable characteristics, the content viewer readable code component being useable with a plurality of different content viewers, the content viewer readable code component changing a portion of the content object upon execution of the content viewer readable code component without altering the remainder of the content object.

13. A system comprising: a computer; a content viewer operably installed on the computer; and a content object accessible to the computer via the content viewer, the content object including a content viewer readable code component, the content viewer readable code component including dynamically selectable characteristics, the content viewer readable code component being useable with a plurality of different content viewers, the content viewer readable code component changing a portion of the content object upon execution of the content viewer readable code component without altering the remainder of the content object. 18. The system as claimed in claim 13 wherein the dynamically selectable characteristics of the content viewer readable code component include at least one characteristic from the group: shape, color, text, and category.

17. A method for co-creating a mnemonic experience, which comprises: selecting a concentration of information to be remembered; creating a building; creating a room within said building, said room being assigned a sub concentration of said concentration; providing access to said room to a licensee when a licensee agrees to a licensing agreement; transmitting information on said sub concentration from said licensee to a licensor; approving said information when said information complies with a rule in said licensing agreement; and generating a display to be disposed in said room based on said information.

17. A method for co-creating a mnemonic experience, which comprises: selecting a concentration of information to be remembered; creating a building; creating a room within said building, said room being assigned a sub concentration of said concentration; providing access to said room to a licensee when a licensee agrees to a licensing agreement; transmitting information on said sub concentration from said licensee to a licensor; approving said information when said information complies with a rule in said licensing agreement; and generating a display to be disposed in said room based on said information. 18. The method according to claim 17 , which further comprises preventing a user from changing said information after approving said information.

8. A computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions translatable by a computerized search system to perform: parsing and analyzing an indexing request associated with an object, the indexing request being received at a search engine embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable memory and communicatively connected to a client device over a network connection; identifying any derived metadata fields in a search index that would be affected by the indexing request; determining whether any of the identified derived metadata fields in the search index that would be affected by the indexing request are within a list or record of protected metadata fields that are to be protected from change; and executing an indexing command to update the search index with data associated with the object without erasing or modifying values of the derived metadata fields in the search index that have been identified as would be affected by the indexing request and that have been determined to be associated with the list of record of protected metadata fields, the data comprising text, metadata, or both.

8. A computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions translatable by a computerized search system to perform: parsing and analyzing an indexing request associated with an object, the indexing request being received at a search engine embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable memory and communicatively connected to a client device over a network connection; identifying any derived metadata fields in a search index that would be affected by the indexing request; determining whether any of the identified derived metadata fields in the search index that would be affected by the indexing request are within a list or record of protected metadata fields that are to be protected from change; and executing an indexing command to update the search index with data associated with the object without erasing or modifying values of the derived metadata fields in the search index that have been identified as would be affected by the indexing request and that have been determined to be associated with the list of record of protected metadata fields, the data comprising text, metadata, or both. 11. The computer program product of claim 8 , wherein the identifying is performed by an indexing controller of an indexing engine in the computerized search system.

15. The system of claim 11 , wherein the system is further configured to: identify cached concept structures that match metadata associated with the at least one multimedia content element.

15. The system of claim 11 , wherein the system is further configured to: identify cached concept structures that match metadata associated with the at least one multimedia content element. 16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the system is further configured to: generate a signature to the at least one multimedia content element; and match the generated signature to signatures representing the cached concept structures.

10. A mobile electronic device comprising: a touch sensitive screen; a detection component for detecting a change in physical orientation of the mobile electronic device; and a translator application capable of translating a word or phrase from a first language entered via a first virtual keyboard on the touch sensitive screen into a second language, wherein in response to the detection component detecting a change in the physical orientation of the mobile electronic device from a first orientation to a second orientation, the translator application: causing a translation of a word or phrase from a first language entered via the first virtual keyboard into a second language to obtain a first translation, and causing a display of the first translation in the second language and a second virtual keyboard having characters or symbols from the second language on the touch sensitive screen, wherein in response to the detection component detecting a change in the physical orientation of the mobile electronic device from the second orientation back to the first orientation, the translator application: causing a translation of a word or phrase entered via the second virtual keyboard from the second language on the touch sensitive screen into the first language to obtain a second translation, and causing a display of the second translation and the first virtual keyboard, wherein the first language is a default language or is selected by the first user, and wherein the second language is selected by a first user, selected by a second user, or determined by the mobile electronic device.

10. A mobile electronic device comprising: a touch sensitive screen; a detection component for detecting a change in physical orientation of the mobile electronic device; and a translator application capable of translating a word or phrase from a first language entered via a first virtual keyboard on the touch sensitive screen into a second language, wherein in response to the detection component detecting a change in the physical orientation of the mobile electronic device from a first orientation to a second orientation, the translator application: causing a translation of a word or phrase from a first language entered via the first virtual keyboard into a second language to obtain a first translation, and causing a display of the first translation in the second language and a second virtual keyboard having characters or symbols from the second language on the touch sensitive screen, wherein in response to the detection component detecting a change in the physical orientation of the mobile electronic device from the second orientation back to the first orientation, the translator application: causing a translation of a word or phrase entered via the second virtual keyboard from the second language on the touch sensitive screen into the first language to obtain a second translation, and causing a display of the second translation and the first virtual keyboard, wherein the first language is a default language or is selected by the first user, and wherein the second language is selected by a first user, selected by a second user, or determined by the mobile electronic device. 16. The device of claim 10 , further comprising a location detector to determine a geographic location of the mobile electronic device, wherein the translator application causes the touch sensitive screen to display a graphic that prompts a user of the mobile electronic device to select any one of a plurality of languages to which the entered word or phrase of the first language can be translated by the translator, the plurality of languages being offered based on the determined geographic location of the mobile electronic device.

26. A textual document authoring system, comprising: means for storing in storage a library of textual components and a database of marks identifying each of the components that is part of a first textual document, means for displaying in a word processor window on a display responsive to the storage the first textual document including a first plurality of the textual components, and a user interface for responding to user input by a first user to an interface of the word processor to edit the first textual document while the document is displayed by the means for displaying in the word processor window; for responding to user input by a second user to the interface of the word processor to edit a second textual document including a second plurality of the textual components, the first plurality including one or more textual components from the second plurality; for detecting when one of the textual components that belongs to both the first plurality and the second plurality is updated in one of the first and second textual documents; for prompting the user of the other of the first and second textual documents to accept or reject changes made to the one of the textual components, in response to updating of the one of the textual components; for responding to user input to the interface of the word processor to generate a second version of the first textual document that includes updated textual components; and means for responding to user input to the interface of the word processor to generate a second version of the second textual document that includes updated textual components.

26. A textual document authoring system, comprising: means for storing in storage a library of textual components and a database of marks identifying each of the components that is part of a first textual document, means for displaying in a word processor window on a display responsive to the storage the first textual document including a first plurality of the textual components, and a user interface for responding to user input by a first user to an interface of the word processor to edit the first textual document while the document is displayed by the means for displaying in the word processor window; for responding to user input by a second user to the interface of the word processor to edit a second textual document including a second plurality of the textual components, the first plurality including one or more textual components from the second plurality; for detecting when one of the textual components that belongs to both the first plurality and the second plurality is updated in one of the first and second textual documents; for prompting the user of the other of the first and second textual documents to accept or reject changes made to the one of the textual components, in response to updating of the one of the textual components; for responding to user input to the interface of the word processor to generate a second version of the first textual document that includes updated textual components; and means for responding to user input to the interface of the word processor to generate a second version of the second textual document that includes updated textual components. 27. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the user interface further includes means for prompting the user to accept or reject component updating for each of the components to be updated.

1. A comparison engine for generating a ranked list of alternatives, the comparison engine comprising: a tradeoff module, executing on a computer, the tradeoff module having at least two tradeoff criteria, the at least two tradeoff criteria having a range of possible values, the tradeoff module being capable of receiving assigned values for the at least two tradeoff criteria, a criteria behavior module, the criteria behavior module being capable of analyzing predetermined attributes for a set of alternatives, where the attributes include values of the tradeoff criteria, the criteria behavior module being further capable of generating a set of scores reflecting desirability of the attributes using at least two logic diagrams, and a scoring and ranking module, the scoring and ranking module being capable of receiving the assigned values from the tradeoff module and the set of scores from the criteria behavior module and generating a ranked list of alternatives.

1. A comparison engine for generating a ranked list of alternatives, the comparison engine comprising: a tradeoff module, executing on a computer, the tradeoff module having at least two tradeoff criteria, the at least two tradeoff criteria having a range of possible values, the tradeoff module being capable of receiving assigned values for the at least two tradeoff criteria, a criteria behavior module, the criteria behavior module being capable of analyzing predetermined attributes for a set of alternatives, where the attributes include values of the tradeoff criteria, the criteria behavior module being further capable of generating a set of scores reflecting desirability of the attributes using at least two logic diagrams, and a scoring and ranking module, the scoring and ranking module being capable of receiving the assigned values from the tradeoff module and the set of scores from the criteria behavior module and generating a ranked list of alternatives. 2. The comparison engine as recited in claim 1 , wherein the assigned values are provided by a user or a machine.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the objects further comprise a disambiguation routine executable on the processor, and the method further comprises: employing a disambiguation routine to identify as a default language object a language object having at least an initial portion that corresponds with the linguistic elements of the input; and responsive to each key selection of the input, highlighting, on the at least some keys, a linguistic element assigned to the selected key that is consistent with a correspondingly positioned linguistic element in the default language object.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the objects further comprise a disambiguation routine executable on the processor, and the method further comprises: employing a disambiguation routine to identify as a default language object a language object having at least an initial portion that corresponds with the linguistic elements of the input; and responsive to each key selection of the input, highlighting, on the at least some keys, a linguistic element assigned to the selected key that is consistent with a correspondingly positioned linguistic element in the default language object. 12. The method of claim 4 , further comprising determining that the quantity of key selections in the input and the quantity of linguistic elements in the default language object are equal, and responsive thereto, highlighting a finalization key.

8. A computer program product for generating and utilizing synthetic context-based objects, the computer program product comprising: a non-transitory computer readable storage medium; first program instructions to define a context object, wherein the context object comports with at least one constraint that defines a scope and bound of the context object; second program instructions to associate a non-contextual data object with the context object to define a synthetic context-based object, wherein the non-contextual data object ambiguously relates to multiple subject-matters, wherein the context object provides a descriptor of the non-contextual data object, wherein the descriptor is not part of the non-contextual data object, and wherein the context object provides a context that identifies a specific subject-matter, from the multiple subject-matters, of the non-contextual data object; third program instructions to associate the synthetic context-based object with at least one specific data store, wherein said at least one specific data store comprises data that is relevant to the context of the synthetic context-based object, wherein the specific subject-matter for said at least one specific data store in a data structure overlaps a subject-matter of another data store in the data structure, and wherein the synthetic context-based object is mapped to multiple data stores such that there is a one-to-many relationship between the synthetic context-based object and the multiple data stores; fourth program instructions to receive, from a requester, a request for data from said at least one specific data store that is associated with the synthetic context-based object; and fifth program instructions to return, to the requester, data from said at least one specific data store that is associated with the synthetic context-based object; and wherein the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth program instructions are stored on the non-transitory computer readable storage medium.

8. A computer program product for generating and utilizing synthetic context-based objects, the computer program product comprising: a non-transitory computer readable storage medium; first program instructions to define a context object, wherein the context object comports with at least one constraint that defines a scope and bound of the context object; second program instructions to associate a non-contextual data object with the context object to define a synthetic context-based object, wherein the non-contextual data object ambiguously relates to multiple subject-matters, wherein the context object provides a descriptor of the non-contextual data object, wherein the descriptor is not part of the non-contextual data object, and wherein the context object provides a context that identifies a specific subject-matter, from the multiple subject-matters, of the non-contextual data object; third program instructions to associate the synthetic context-based object with at least one specific data store, wherein said at least one specific data store comprises data that is relevant to the context of the synthetic context-based object, wherein the specific subject-matter for said at least one specific data store in a data structure overlaps a subject-matter of another data store in the data structure, and wherein the synthetic context-based object is mapped to multiple data stores such that there is a one-to-many relationship between the synthetic context-based object and the multiple data stores; fourth program instructions to receive, from a requester, a request for data from said at least one specific data store that is associated with the synthetic context-based object; and fifth program instructions to return, to the requester, data from said at least one specific data store that is associated with the synthetic context-based object; and wherein the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth program instructions are stored on the non-transitory computer readable storage medium. 10. The computer program product of claim 8 , wherein the specific subject-matter for a particular data store in the data structure is exclusive to only said particular data store.

3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising: a display unit configured to display setting information for linking the character string; and an operation unit configured to receive an operation of a user performed for the setting information displayed in the display unit.

3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising: a display unit configured to display setting information for linking the character string; and an operation unit configured to receive an operation of a user performed for the setting information displayed in the display unit. 5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein: the display unit is further configured to display the setting information as an image for designating a link destination of the character string retrieved by the character search unit; and the link setting unit is further configured to set the character string designated in response to the operation of the user as the link destination.

15. A system for automatically completing an incomplete user interface (UI), comprising: a data store storing instructions; and one or more computers that interact with the data store and execute the instructions, wherein execution of the instructions cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising: determining attributes of UI components in a plurality of design examples; receiving a UI query for automatically generating a design for the incomplete UI, the UI query comprising information about a first set of UI components in the incomplete UI; and in response to receiving the UI query, identifying, based at least in part on the determined attributes of UI components, a design example in the plurality of design examples, the design example comprising a second set of UI components similar to the first set of UI components and a proposed UI component for proposed inclusion in the incomplete UI design.

15. A system for automatically completing an incomplete user interface (UI), comprising: a data store storing instructions; and one or more computers that interact with the data store and execute the instructions, wherein execution of the instructions cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising: determining attributes of UI components in a plurality of design examples; receiving a UI query for automatically generating a design for the incomplete UI, the UI query comprising information about a first set of UI components in the incomplete UI; and in response to receiving the UI query, identifying, based at least in part on the determined attributes of UI components, a design example in the plurality of design examples, the design example comprising a second set of UI components similar to the first set of UI components and a proposed UI component for proposed inclusion in the incomplete UI design. 16. The system of claim 15 , wherein identifying the design example comprises: for each of a subset of the plurality of design examples, comparing a transformation cost corresponding to the second set of UI components with a threshold value.

1. A method of providing a font effect of a display apparatus, the method comprising: identifying a first attribute value of a font effect to be applied to a character according to at least one of a characteristic of the character and a characteristic of the display apparatus; rendering the font effect based on the first attribute value and applying the rendered font effect based on the first attribute value to the character, wherein the font effect comprises a glow effect for adjusting a filtering intensity of a border of the character; and outputting the character to which the font effect is applied, and wherein the identifying the first attribute value of the font effect comprises reducing the glow effect by reducing the filtering intensity of the glow effect such that the filtering intensity of the glow effect decreases as a screen resolution characteristic of the display apparatus decreases, and wherein in response to a size of the character to which the rendered font effect is applied being changed, identifying a second attribute value of the font effect according to the changed character, and applying the font effect based on the second attribute value to the character.

1. A method of providing a font effect of a display apparatus, the method comprising: identifying a first attribute value of a font effect to be applied to a character according to at least one of a characteristic of the character and a characteristic of the display apparatus; rendering the font effect based on the first attribute value and applying the rendered font effect based on the first attribute value to the character, wherein the font effect comprises a glow effect for adjusting a filtering intensity of a border of the character; and outputting the character to which the font effect is applied, and wherein the identifying the first attribute value of the font effect comprises reducing the glow effect by reducing the filtering intensity of the glow effect such that the filtering intensity of the glow effect decreases as a screen resolution characteristic of the display apparatus decreases, and wherein in response to a size of the character to which the rendered font effect is applied being changed, identifying a second attribute value of the font effect according to the changed character, and applying the font effect based on the second attribute value to the character. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the character is one of a character input from a user and a character received from outside the display apparatus.

14. A system as recited in claim 13 wherein the means for identifying comprises a new topic identification module generating a list of new topics.

14. A system as recited in claim 13 wherein the means for identifying comprises a new topic identification module generating a list of new topics. 15. A system as recited in claim 14 wherein the means for marking comprises a table of contents marking module receiving the list of new topics and marking associated entries in the table of contents.

1. A method comprising: extracting metadata attributes and associated attribute values from web search results, the web search results returned in response to a search request submitted by a user from a computer of the user to a web search engine, the search request comprising search criteria input by the user to the search engine, the search request input by the user using a user interface to the computer, the web search results comprising entries organized into a results list, each entry comprising data extracted from a data object searched by the web search engine and meeting the search criteria, the metadata attributes and associated attribute values extracted from the data objects corresponding to the entries of the results list, each metadata attribute comprising one or more associated attribute values, each metadata attribute comprising a category, each associated attribute value comprising value that corresponding to an associated metadata attribute, wherein the search request of the user does not include, in the search request, the metadata attribute and associated attribute values returned by the web search engine; prioritizing one or more of the extracted metadata attributes and the attribute values, wherein one or more of: the metadata attributes are prioritized based on a number of times attribute values of each metadata attribute occurs in the results list, wherein the metadata attributes are organized so a metadata attribute with a largest number of attribute value occurrences is displayed first in the display of metadata attributes to the user; and the metadata attributes are prioritized based on a number of occurrences for each metadata attribute and wherein presenting the metadata attributes to the user further comprises presenting a subset of metadata attributes to the user, the subset comprising metadata attributes occurring most often in the results list; presenting the prioritized extracted metadata attributes to a user for selection by the user, the prioritized extracted metadata attributes presented to the user on a portion of an electronic display displaying the web search results; receiving input from the user indicating a selected metadata attribute of the metadata attributes; presenting attribute values associated with the selected metadata attribute to the user for selection by the user, the extracted attribute values of the selected metadata attribute are presented to the user on a portion of an electronic display displaying the web search results; receiving input from the user indicating a selected attribute value of the attribute values associated with the selected metadata attribute; filtering the web search results based on the selected attribute value, wherein each entry in the filtered web search results comprises the selected attribute value; and displaying a filtered results list to the user, the filtered results list comprising the filtered web search results.

1. A method comprising: extracting metadata attributes and associated attribute values from web search results, the web search results returned in response to a search request submitted by a user from a computer of the user to a web search engine, the search request comprising search criteria input by the user to the search engine, the search request input by the user using a user interface to the computer, the web search results comprising entries organized into a results list, each entry comprising data extracted from a data object searched by the web search engine and meeting the search criteria, the metadata attributes and associated attribute values extracted from the data objects corresponding to the entries of the results list, each metadata attribute comprising one or more associated attribute values, each metadata attribute comprising a category, each associated attribute value comprising value that corresponding to an associated metadata attribute, wherein the search request of the user does not include, in the search request, the metadata attribute and associated attribute values returned by the web search engine; prioritizing one or more of the extracted metadata attributes and the attribute values, wherein one or more of: the metadata attributes are prioritized based on a number of times attribute values of each metadata attribute occurs in the results list, wherein the metadata attributes are organized so a metadata attribute with a largest number of attribute value occurrences is displayed first in the display of metadata attributes to the user; and the metadata attributes are prioritized based on a number of occurrences for each metadata attribute and wherein presenting the metadata attributes to the user further comprises presenting a subset of metadata attributes to the user, the subset comprising metadata attributes occurring most often in the results list; presenting the prioritized extracted metadata attributes to a user for selection by the user, the prioritized extracted metadata attributes presented to the user on a portion of an electronic display displaying the web search results; receiving input from the user indicating a selected metadata attribute of the metadata attributes; presenting attribute values associated with the selected metadata attribute to the user for selection by the user, the extracted attribute values of the selected metadata attribute are presented to the user on a portion of an electronic display displaying the web search results; receiving input from the user indicating a selected attribute value of the attribute values associated with the selected metadata attribute; filtering the web search results based on the selected attribute value, wherein each entry in the filtered web search results comprises the selected attribute value; and displaying a filtered results list to the user, the filtered results list comprising the filtered web search results. 8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the attribute values displayed to the user are organized by number of times each attribute value occurs in the results list and are organized so an attribute value with a largest number of occurrences is displayed first in the display of attribute values to the user.

13. A system comprising: one or more processors; a database having one or more tables; an Extensible Markup Language (XML) file corresponding to a database table comprising business data within the database, wherein the XML file: identifies fields within the database table; and includes queries that are performable on the database table in response to user input; one or more data objects generated by parsing the XML file and basing the one or more data objects on information parsed from the XML file, wherein each of the generated one or more data objects are associated with the XML file, at least one of the generated one or more data objects are implementable for preparing a user interface screen for the database datable corresponding to the XML file, and at least one of the generated one or more data objects includes: the included queries that are performable on the database table in response to user input; and instructions for executing data operations on the database table corresponding to the XML file; one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing computer readable instructions that when executed by the processors cause the processors to manage the database using: a receiving module configured to receive an input command from a user for executing a data operation on the database table; and a function module configured for processing the input command for maintaining the database table, the function module comprising: an identification module configured for identifying from among a plurality of XML files, the XML file corresponding to the database table as identified in the input command, a screen preparation module configured to prepare a user interface screen suitable for enabling the user to perform the data operation identified in the input command, wherein the user interface screen is prepared by utilizing data within one or more selected data objects associated with the XML file, and selection of the one or more selected objects is based on the data operation identified in the input command; and a query processing module configured to respond to the data operation identified in the input command by executing a query for maintaining the database table wherein the executed query is generated based on query information within the XML file corresponding to the database table identified within the input command.

13. A system comprising: one or more processors; a database having one or more tables; an Extensible Markup Language (XML) file corresponding to a database table comprising business data within the database, wherein the XML file: identifies fields within the database table; and includes queries that are performable on the database table in response to user input; one or more data objects generated by parsing the XML file and basing the one or more data objects on information parsed from the XML file, wherein each of the generated one or more data objects are associated with the XML file, at least one of the generated one or more data objects are implementable for preparing a user interface screen for the database datable corresponding to the XML file, and at least one of the generated one or more data objects includes: the included queries that are performable on the database table in response to user input; and instructions for executing data operations on the database table corresponding to the XML file; one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing computer readable instructions that when executed by the processors cause the processors to manage the database using: a receiving module configured to receive an input command from a user for executing a data operation on the database table; and a function module configured for processing the input command for maintaining the database table, the function module comprising: an identification module configured for identifying from among a plurality of XML files, the XML file corresponding to the database table as identified in the input command, a screen preparation module configured to prepare a user interface screen suitable for enabling the user to perform the data operation identified in the input command, wherein the user interface screen is prepared by utilizing data within one or more selected data objects associated with the XML file, and selection of the one or more selected objects is based on the data operation identified in the input command; and a query processing module configured to respond to the data operation identified in the input command by executing a query for maintaining the database table wherein the executed query is generated based on query information within the XML file corresponding to the database table identified within the input command. 18. The system of claim 13 , wherein the identification module identifies the XML file based on a table Identifier corresponding to the table.

1. A machine learning method having a multiple number of learning stages, each learning stage comprising: partitioning, using a computer processor, examples into bins; choosing, using a computer processor, a base classifier for each bin; and assigning, using a computer processor, an example to a bin by counting the number of positive predictions previously made by the base classifier associated with the bin.

1. A machine learning method having a multiple number of learning stages, each learning stage comprising: partitioning, using a computer processor, examples into bins; choosing, using a computer processor, a base classifier for each bin; and assigning, using a computer processor, an example to a bin by counting the number of positive predictions previously made by the base classifier associated with the bin. 3. The method of claim 1 , wherein assigning an example to a bin comprises balancing error rates substantially equally between false positives and false negatives.

1. A speech information processing apparatus comprising: speech input receiving means for receiving input speech information; reading means for reading from a recording medium prerecorded speech information for use in recognizing said input speech information; speech information transmission means for transmitting both the input speech information, received by said speech input receiving means, and the prerecorded speech information, read by said reading means, to a speech recognition device through a public line; control means for controlling said reading means to read out the prerecorded speech information, and controlling said speech information transmission means to transmit the read out prerecorded speech information to the speech recognition device through the public line, said control means detecting a communication error in the communication of the prerecorded speech information to the speech recognition device through the public line and controlling said speech information transmission means to repeatedly transmit the read out prerecorded speech information when the communication error is detected while maintaining the connection to the public line, said control means confirming the proper completion of transmission of the prerecorded speech information when said speech information transmission means properly completes transmission of the prerecorded speech information; changeover means for changing over the connection of a public line from being connected to said control means to being connected to said speech input receiving means, wherein said control means controls said changeover means so that the public line is connected to said control means when said control means determines that the prerecorded speech information is to be transmitted to the public line and when the prerecorded speech information is repeatedly transmitted over the public line and wherein the public line is connected to said speech input receiving means after said speech information transmission means transmits the read out prerecorded speech information and said control confirms proper transmission of the prerecorded speech information.

1. A speech information processing apparatus comprising: speech input receiving means for receiving input speech information; reading means for reading from a recording medium prerecorded speech information for use in recognizing said input speech information; speech information transmission means for transmitting both the input speech information, received by said speech input receiving means, and the prerecorded speech information, read by said reading means, to a speech recognition device through a public line; control means for controlling said reading means to read out the prerecorded speech information, and controlling said speech information transmission means to transmit the read out prerecorded speech information to the speech recognition device through the public line, said control means detecting a communication error in the communication of the prerecorded speech information to the speech recognition device through the public line and controlling said speech information transmission means to repeatedly transmit the read out prerecorded speech information when the communication error is detected while maintaining the connection to the public line, said control means confirming the proper completion of transmission of the prerecorded speech information when said speech information transmission means properly completes transmission of the prerecorded speech information; changeover means for changing over the connection of a public line from being connected to said control means to being connected to said speech input receiving means, wherein said control means controls said changeover means so that the public line is connected to said control means when said control means determines that the prerecorded speech information is to be transmitted to the public line and when the prerecorded speech information is repeatedly transmitted over the public line and wherein the public line is connected to said speech input receiving means after said speech information transmission means transmits the read out prerecorded speech information and said control confirms proper transmission of the prerecorded speech information. 5. A speech information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the recording medium is a magnetic card.

1. A method for facilitating skimming by a user of a document presented on a presentation device using at least one variable emphasis attribute having at least three values, the document having a plurality of terms, the method comprising: determining a term-score for each of the plurality of terms; mapping the term-score for each of the plurality of terms onto one of the at least three values of the at least one variable emphasis attribute; and presenting to the user each of the plurality of terms of the document using the mapped values of the at least one variable emphasis attribute.

1. A method for facilitating skimming by a user of a document presented on a presentation device using at least one variable emphasis attribute having at least three values, the document having a plurality of terms, the method comprising: determining a term-score for each of the plurality of terms; mapping the term-score for each of the plurality of terms onto one of the at least three values of the at least one variable emphasis attribute; and presenting to the user each of the plurality of terms of the document using the mapped values of the at least one variable emphasis attribute. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the term-score is a product of a frequency of the term in the document and an inverse document frequency of the term in a set of documents including the presented document.

29. A device for presenting web content comprising: a hardware network interface configured to receive encoded content, the encoded content includes text-based content extracted from web content, and the encoded content is encoded by an encoding device in a format suitable for presenting the text-based content as spoken audio using a template automatically selected by an encoding device processor of the encoding device based on one or more of a type of the text-based content and a content provider for the text-based content, the template including placeholders to be replaced with respective portions of the text-based content, a configuration of the template and the placeholders in the template being selected based on the type of the text-based content and selectively employed to generate the encoded content; a display configured to display a user interface for requesting, presenting, and selecting web text items; an audio output device configured to output speech audio; a processor; and a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions executable by the processor to: decode the encoded content with a decoding module to access the text-based content, the text-based content being accessed, via the hardware network interface, from a content database including one or more web text tables for storing each item of the text-based content in respective rows of the web text tables, the content database including a category table for storing available categories of text-based content in respective rows of the category table, where each web text table of the one or more web text tables is associated with a different type of web text stored in that web text table, and each web text table includes different fields from other web text tables based on the type of web text stored in that web text table; display the user interface including a plurality of panels, the plurality of panels including an item list panel for displaying one or more web text items of the text-based content, and a content panel for displaying at least a portion of a selected web text item of the text-based content; generate a speech audio signal based on the text-based content with a text-to-speech module responsive to receiving input to the user interface requesting a first web text item to be output as spoken audio; and output the speech audio signal via the audio output device to present the first web text item as spoken audio.

29. A device for presenting web content comprising: a hardware network interface configured to receive encoded content, the encoded content includes text-based content extracted from web content, and the encoded content is encoded by an encoding device in a format suitable for presenting the text-based content as spoken audio using a template automatically selected by an encoding device processor of the encoding device based on one or more of a type of the text-based content and a content provider for the text-based content, the template including placeholders to be replaced with respective portions of the text-based content, a configuration of the template and the placeholders in the template being selected based on the type of the text-based content and selectively employed to generate the encoded content; a display configured to display a user interface for requesting, presenting, and selecting web text items; an audio output device configured to output speech audio; a processor; and a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions executable by the processor to: decode the encoded content with a decoding module to access the text-based content, the text-based content being accessed, via the hardware network interface, from a content database including one or more web text tables for storing each item of the text-based content in respective rows of the web text tables, the content database including a category table for storing available categories of text-based content in respective rows of the category table, where each web text table of the one or more web text tables is associated with a different type of web text stored in that web text table, and each web text table includes different fields from other web text tables based on the type of web text stored in that web text table; display the user interface including a plurality of panels, the plurality of panels including an item list panel for displaying one or more web text items of the text-based content, and a content panel for displaying at least a portion of a selected web text item of the text-based content; generate a speech audio signal based on the text-based content with a text-to-speech module responsive to receiving input to the user interface requesting a first web text item to be output as spoken audio; and output the speech audio signal via the audio output device to present the first web text item as spoken audio. 40. The device of claim 29 where the audio output device receives the speech audio signal and outputs the speech audio signal such that the text-based content is presented as spoken audio.

6. Apparatus for searching for a directory in a file system, the directory characterized by a directory name, the directory comprising computer storage resources, the computer storage resources including words of text, each word of text characterized by a frequency of occurrence among the computer storage resources, the apparatus comprising a computer processor, a computer memory operatively coupled to the computer processor, the computer memory having disposed within it computer program instructions capable of: selecting, by a word selection module for inclusion in a word list, a word of text whose frequency of occurrence meets a predefined criterion; inserting, by the word selection module into the word list, the selected word; inserting, by an indexing module into a search index, the selected word in association with the directory name; receiving, by a search module from a user, a search request that includes the selected word; returning, by the search module to the user in dependence upon the search request and the search index, a search result that includes the directory name, wherein: the predefined criterion comprises a predefined minimum number of computer storage resources in which a word of text must occur in order to be selected: the frequency of occurrence comprises an actual number of computer storage resources in which the word of text occurs; and selecting a word of text whose frequency of occurrence meets a predefined criterion further comprises selecting a word of text that occurs in an actual number of computer storage resources that is at least equal to the predefined minimum number of computer storage resources in which a word of text must occur in order to be selected.

6. Apparatus for searching for a directory in a file system, the directory characterized by a directory name, the directory comprising computer storage resources, the computer storage resources including words of text, each word of text characterized by a frequency of occurrence among the computer storage resources, the apparatus comprising a computer processor, a computer memory operatively coupled to the computer processor, the computer memory having disposed within it computer program instructions capable of: selecting, by a word selection module for inclusion in a word list, a word of text whose frequency of occurrence meets a predefined criterion; inserting, by the word selection module into the word list, the selected word; inserting, by an indexing module into a search index, the selected word in association with the directory name; receiving, by a search module from a user, a search request that includes the selected word; returning, by the search module to the user in dependence upon the search request and the search index, a search result that includes the directory name, wherein: the predefined criterion comprises a predefined minimum number of computer storage resources in which a word of text must occur in order to be selected: the frequency of occurrence comprises an actual number of computer storage resources in which the word of text occurs; and selecting a word of text whose frequency of occurrence meets a predefined criterion further comprises selecting a word of text that occurs in an actual number of computer storage resources that is at least equal to the predefined minimum number of computer storage resources in which a word of text must occur in order to be selected. 8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein selecting a word of text whose frequency of occurrence meets a predefined criterion further comprises determining a frequency of occurrence for the word of text.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of suggested translations correspond to a plurality of child class sets, the method further comprising: computing a child class set linguistic noise value for each of the plurality of child class sets using a corresponding child class leverage value and a child class factor value, resulting in a plurality of child class set linguistic noise values; combining the plurality of child class set linguistic noise values, resulting in a translation supply chain linguistic noise value; and utilizing the translation supply chain linguistic noise value during the performance efficiency determination of the language translation supply chain.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of suggested translations correspond to a plurality of child class sets, the method further comprising: computing a child class set linguistic noise value for each of the plurality of child class sets using a corresponding child class leverage value and a child class factor value, resulting in a plurality of child class set linguistic noise values; combining the plurality of child class set linguistic noise values, resulting in a translation supply chain linguistic noise value; and utilizing the translation supply chain linguistic noise value during the performance efficiency determination of the language translation supply chain. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein each of the plurality of suggested translations corresponds to one of a plurality of original segments written in a first language and one of a plurality of corresponding translation segments written in a second language, the method further comprising: designating a set of the plurality of original segments as a set of placebo segments, wherein the translation supply chain prevents generation of a suggested translation for each of the segments included in the set of placebo segments; computing a placebo baseline productivity value based upon the set of placebo segments that do not correspond to one of the plurality of suggested translations; selecting one of the plurality of child class sets; computing a child class match productivity value of the selected child class based upon the set of accepted translations that each correspond to the selected child class set; and computing the child class factor value of the selected child class set using the placebo baseline productivity value and the child class match productivity value.

9. The computer program product of claim 8 , wherein traversing the set of paths in the ontology comprises: determining the set of paths in the ontology from the semantic type of each known fact to the semantic type for the set of hypotheses.

9. The computer program product of claim 8 , wherein traversing the set of paths in the ontology comprises: determining the set of paths in the ontology from the semantic type of each known fact to the semantic type for the set of hypotheses. 10. The computer program product of claim 9 , wherein traversing the given path in the ontology comprises: instantiating a source node of the given path with a known fact in the set of known facts; and instantiating an unknown argument of each relationship in the given path based on the at least one candidate answer.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the logical entities include logical groups.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the logical entities include logical groups. 4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the logical groups include at least one of: IP Subnets, OSPF Areas, HSRP Groups, BGP ASes, QoS Devices, and AAA Devices.

10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the time zone module is further adapted for merging some of the listing of possible time zones by grouping those of the listing of possible time zones having shared daylight saving transition rules over the predetermined period of time.

10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the time zone module is further adapted for merging some of the listing of possible time zones by grouping those of the listing of possible time zones having shared daylight saving transition rules over the predetermined period of time. 11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the time zone module is further adapted for obtaining the shared daylight saving transition rules from a time zone database.

11. A system comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled to the processor and having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising: obtaining search query data, the search query data including a plurality of search queries submitted by users, each search query being associated with one or more responsive search results and user selection data for the one or more search results, wherein the user selection data identifies which search results were selected by users; obtaining a plurality of score improvement lists, each score improvement list being associated with a point value, each score improvement list being an ordered list of adjusters, wherein the adjusters are serially applied in order of the adjusters in the ordered list to initial scores of a group of search results to determine a final scoring of the search results; iteratively selecting pairs of score improvement lists from a pool of score improvement lists, the pool of score improvement lists including the plurality of score improvement lists; automatically for each selected pair: separately applying the ordered list of adjusters for each score improvement list included in the selected pair to one or more search results associated with a search query from the search query data, in response to the applying, identifying, for each score improvement list in the selected pair, respective ordered search results responsive to the search query, determining a winning and losing score improvement list in the selected pair from the respective ordered search results and the user selection data associated with the search query, increasing the point value associated with the winning score improvement list, and decreasing the point value associated with the losing score improvement list; repeating testing for respective pairs of score improvement lists until ending criteria are reached; and selecting one or more score improvement lists based on the respective point values after the repeated testing.

11. A system comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled to the processor and having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising: obtaining search query data, the search query data including a plurality of search queries submitted by users, each search query being associated with one or more responsive search results and user selection data for the one or more search results, wherein the user selection data identifies which search results were selected by users; obtaining a plurality of score improvement lists, each score improvement list being associated with a point value, each score improvement list being an ordered list of adjusters, wherein the adjusters are serially applied in order of the adjusters in the ordered list to initial scores of a group of search results to determine a final scoring of the search results; iteratively selecting pairs of score improvement lists from a pool of score improvement lists, the pool of score improvement lists including the plurality of score improvement lists; automatically for each selected pair: separately applying the ordered list of adjusters for each score improvement list included in the selected pair to one or more search results associated with a search query from the search query data, in response to the applying, identifying, for each score improvement list in the selected pair, respective ordered search results responsive to the search query, determining a winning and losing score improvement list in the selected pair from the respective ordered search results and the user selection data associated with the search query, increasing the point value associated with the winning score improvement list, and decreasing the point value associated with the losing score improvement list; repeating testing for respective pairs of score improvement lists until ending criteria are reached; and selecting one or more score improvement lists based on the respective point values after the repeated testing. 15. The system of claim 11 , wherein the ending criteria include one or more of the following: the point values associated with the pool of score improvement lists stabilize, a number of iterations of repeated testing of score improvement lists reaches an iteration threshold, or a point value of the point values associated with the pool of score improvement lists reaches a threshold amount more than the other point values associated with the pool of score improvement lists.

17. The information handling device of claim 11 , wherein the code is further executable by the processor to, responsive to the confidence level not exceeding a predetermined threshold, present the user with suggested punctuation.

17. The information handling device of claim 11 , wherein the code is further executable by the processor to, responsive to the confidence level not exceeding a predetermined threshold, present the user with suggested punctuation. 18. The information handling device of claim 17 , wherein a location for input of suggested punctuation is maintained as further user input is received.

29. A method of developing an application program to manage a network, the method including the steps: a) defining one or more managed objects associated with the network in an object-oriented resource definition language and storing the definition of the one or more managed objects in one or more resource definition language files, wherein the definition of the one or more managed objects is based on an existing design and hierarchical structure of the network, wherein parent-child relationships between the one or more managed objects are identified in the one or more resource definition language files using the object-oriented resource definition language to define the one or more managed objects in relation to the hierarchical structure of the network; b) providing one or more data models with information associated with the one or more managed objects; c) creating one or more network management forum definition files with mapping information between the one or more data models and the one or more managed objects; d) converting the one or more data models into the object-oriented resource definition language and storing the converted information in the one or more resource definition language files; e) parsing the one or more resource definition language files to ensure conformity with the object-oriented resource definition language and creating an intermediate representation of the network from the one or more conforming resource definition language files, wherein the intermediate representation of the network includes object meta-data; f) processing the object meta-data to form one or more programming language classes, one or more database definition files, and one or more script files, wherein the one or more programming language classes formed include at least one of an index class and a query class; g) providing a reusable asset center framework to facilitate development of the application program, the reusable asset center including an SNMP agent framework that provides SNMP interface functionality to at least one of the one or more application programs wherein the SNMP agent framework includes an SNMP table management object framework class that converts SNMP requests to managed object framework commands and an SNMP table class that includes procedures for accessing and changing data in tables; and h) building the application program from at least the one or more programming language classes, one or more database definition files, one or more script files, and the reusable asset framework.

29. A method of developing an application program to manage a network, the method including the steps: a) defining one or more managed objects associated with the network in an object-oriented resource definition language and storing the definition of the one or more managed objects in one or more resource definition language files, wherein the definition of the one or more managed objects is based on an existing design and hierarchical structure of the network, wherein parent-child relationships between the one or more managed objects are identified in the one or more resource definition language files using the object-oriented resource definition language to define the one or more managed objects in relation to the hierarchical structure of the network; b) providing one or more data models with information associated with the one or more managed objects; c) creating one or more network management forum definition files with mapping information between the one or more data models and the one or more managed objects; d) converting the one or more data models into the object-oriented resource definition language and storing the converted information in the one or more resource definition language files; e) parsing the one or more resource definition language files to ensure conformity with the object-oriented resource definition language and creating an intermediate representation of the network from the one or more conforming resource definition language files, wherein the intermediate representation of the network includes object meta-data; f) processing the object meta-data to form one or more programming language classes, one or more database definition files, and one or more script files, wherein the one or more programming language classes formed include at least one of an index class and a query class; g) providing a reusable asset center framework to facilitate development of the application program, the reusable asset center including an SNMP agent framework that provides SNMP interface functionality to at least one of the one or more application programs wherein the SNMP agent framework includes an SNMP table management object framework class that converts SNMP requests to managed object framework commands and an SNMP table class that includes procedures for accessing and changing data in tables; and h) building the application program from at least the one or more programming language classes, one or more database definition files, one or more script files, and the reusable asset framework. 35. The method as set forth in claim 29 wherein the network management forum definition files include at least one of an “application” keyword representing a module name and a “no_prefix_strip” keyword that is a flag specifying whether or not to strip leading common characters associated with management information base variables.

3. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2 , wherein the operation further comprises: upon determining the second asset has been reclassified, reevaluating, by operation of the one or more computer processors, the refined classification assigned to the first asset against the refinement criteria.

3. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2 , wherein the operation further comprises: upon determining the second asset has been reclassified, reevaluating, by operation of the one or more computer processors, the refined classification assigned to the first asset against the refinement criteria. 5. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 3 , wherein the operation further comprises: comparing a weight assigned to a user who assigned the classification to the second asset with a weight assigned to a user who reclassified the second asset; undoing the refined classification of the second asset if the weight of the user who assigned the classification to the second asset exceeds the weight assigned to the user who reclassified the second by a specified threshold; and retaining the refined classification of the second asset if the weight of the user who assigned the classification to the second asset does not exceed the weight assigned to the user who reclassified the second by the specified threshold.

1. A method comprising: accepting a request to a wild card auto completion service including an input term at least partly in a target language and at least partly in an initial language, wherein the initial language and the target language are two different languages, the service employing a syntax to accept the input term including zero to multiple wild card characters in the target language or in the initial language in a first part and a delimiter indicating a second part, the second part comprising the target language or the initial language such that: if the language of the first part includes the initial language, the second part includes the target language and if the language of the first part includes the target language, the second part includes the initial language, and the second part identifying at least one of a context or a domain for the wild card auto completion service; identifying an initial-target language pair for the request; aggregating two or more consecutive homogenous wild card characters, wherein the aggregating comprises replacing the two or more consecutive homogenous wild card characters with a single wild card character of a same type as the homogenous wild card character; parsing the input term to identify a pattern of the input term; selecting a matcher corresponding to the pattern of the input term; matching the input term to an entry using the matcher selected; and returning the entry.

1. A method comprising: accepting a request to a wild card auto completion service including an input term at least partly in a target language and at least partly in an initial language, wherein the initial language and the target language are two different languages, the service employing a syntax to accept the input term including zero to multiple wild card characters in the target language or in the initial language in a first part and a delimiter indicating a second part, the second part comprising the target language or the initial language such that: if the language of the first part includes the initial language, the second part includes the target language and if the language of the first part includes the target language, the second part includes the initial language, and the second part identifying at least one of a context or a domain for the wild card auto completion service; identifying an initial-target language pair for the request; aggregating two or more consecutive homogenous wild card characters, wherein the aggregating comprises replacing the two or more consecutive homogenous wild card characters with a single wild card character of a same type as the homogenous wild card character; parsing the input term to identify a pattern of the input term; selecting a matcher corresponding to the pattern of the input term; matching the input term to an entry using the matcher selected; and returning the entry. 5. A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein matching the input term to the dictionary entry includes: performing a prefix match to identify a sorted list of dictionary entries matching a prefix made up of characters in the input term that precede a first wild card character in the input term; and performing a binary search on the dictionary entries matching the prefix, the dictionary entries corresponding to a number of characters that the at least one wild card character represents.

1. A method comprising: receiving a collection of candidate phrases for a given topic; filtering the received candidate phrases to remove erroneously included candidate phrases; assigning weights to the candidate phrases, wherein assigning weights includes: scoring each candidate phrase using an initial classifier, and assigning a weight to each of the candidate phrases based on the respective scores from the initial classifier; generating a linear classifier using the filtered and weighted candidate phrases; and adjusting the linear classifier depending on a length of a document being classified, wherein adjusting the linear classifier includes determining whether and to what degree the given topic is affected by document length based on a learning process using a set of labeled example documents, each example document including a score assigned by the linear classifier, the length of the example document, and a label assigned to the example document, wherein the learning process outputs a decision function that assigns a particular label to each pair of score and document length such that a probability that a particular document having a given score from the linear classifier belongs to the topic depends on the length of the document.

1. A method comprising: receiving a collection of candidate phrases for a given topic; filtering the received candidate phrases to remove erroneously included candidate phrases; assigning weights to the candidate phrases, wherein assigning weights includes: scoring each candidate phrase using an initial classifier, and assigning a weight to each of the candidate phrases based on the respective scores from the initial classifier; generating a linear classifier using the filtered and weighted candidate phrases; and adjusting the linear classifier depending on a length of a document being classified, wherein adjusting the linear classifier includes determining whether and to what degree the given topic is affected by document length based on a learning process using a set of labeled example documents, each example document including a score assigned by the linear classifier, the length of the example document, and a label assigned to the example document, wherein the learning process outputs a decision function that assigns a particular label to each pair of score and document length such that a probability that a particular document having a given score from the linear classifier belongs to the topic depends on the length of the document. 6. The method of claim 1 , where the received phrase candidates are generated by: receiving a set of seed phrases, each with an estimate of a fraction of documents belonging to a particular topic among all documents containing the seed phrase; receiving an estimate of a fraction of all documents belonging to the topic; using the received seed phrases and estimates as an input along with a collection of labeled documents and a collection of unlabeled documents to train a linear classifier that approximately reproduces the estimated fractions; and using phrases identified by training the linear classifier as candidate phrases.

10. A computer system, comprising: one or more processing units; and memory storing one or more programs to be executed by the one or more processing units, the one or more programs comprising instructions for: performing an automated textual analysis on one or more predefined websites to identify a plurality of reference web pages, further including determining content information and one or more corresponding search queries for each reference web page wherein a reference web page is a web page whose content information provides an accurate description of a particular content entity; for a respective content entity: identifying a subset of the reference web pages associated with the respective content entity and the corresponding search queries based on the content information of the reference web pages and query terms of the corresponding search queries; and inferring a popularity ranking for the respective content entity based on one or more server and/or search logs of user interactions with the identified subset of reference web pages and the corresponding search queries; and in response to a user search request related to one or more content entities, selecting at least a subset of the content entities for display to an end user in accordance with their respective popularity rankings.

10. A computer system, comprising: one or more processing units; and memory storing one or more programs to be executed by the one or more processing units, the one or more programs comprising instructions for: performing an automated textual analysis on one or more predefined websites to identify a plurality of reference web pages, further including determining content information and one or more corresponding search queries for each reference web page wherein a reference web page is a web page whose content information provides an accurate description of a particular content entity; for a respective content entity: identifying a subset of the reference web pages associated with the respective content entity and the corresponding search queries based on the content information of the reference web pages and query terms of the corresponding search queries; and inferring a popularity ranking for the respective content entity based on one or more server and/or search logs of user interactions with the identified subset of reference web pages and the corresponding search queries; and in response to a user search request related to one or more content entities, selecting at least a subset of the content entities for display to an end user in accordance with their respective popularity rankings. 14. The computer system of claim 10 , wherein a search query is determined to be associated with a respective reference web page if a click-through rate of the search query for the reference web page exceeds a predefined threshold.

1. A distributed configuration utility facilitating remote configuration of process control data access servers, the distributed configuration utility comprising: a configuration editor located at a configuration console; a configuration storage for storing information including parameter values corresponding to a current configuration of a configurable process control data access server; a rules storage for storing a set of configuration rules associated with the configurable process control data access server, wherein the set of configuration rules provide a guide to processing the configuration information within the configuration storage corresponding to the current configuration of the configurable process control data access server; and a server agent, located on a computing node remote from the configuration console and containing the configurable process control data access server, the server agent including executable procedures for notifying the configuration editor of the configurable process control data access server and thereby facilitating establishing a configuration interface between the configuration editor and the configurable process control data access server.

1. A distributed configuration utility facilitating remote configuration of process control data access servers, the distributed configuration utility comprising: a configuration editor located at a configuration console; a configuration storage for storing information including parameter values corresponding to a current configuration of a configurable process control data access server; a rules storage for storing a set of configuration rules associated with the configurable process control data access server, wherein the set of configuration rules provide a guide to processing the configuration information within the configuration storage corresponding to the current configuration of the configurable process control data access server; and a server agent, located on a computing node remote from the configuration console and containing the configurable process control data access server, the server agent including executable procedures for notifying the configuration editor of the configurable process control data access server and thereby facilitating establishing a configuration interface between the configuration editor and the configurable process control data access server. 5. The distributed configuration utility of claim 1 further comprising a user editor host providing an interface supporting editor interface faceplates specified for particular component types of a process control data access server configuration.

7. The device according to claim 6 , further comprising: a filtering module, configured to filter with the processor, the characteristic information to obtain filtered characteristic information, so as to decode the filtered characteristic information.

7. The device according to claim 6 , further comprising: a filtering module, configured to filter with the processor, the characteristic information to obtain filtered characteristic information, so as to decode the filtered characteristic information. 8. The device according to claim 7 , wherein the filtering module is configured to perform an extraction of frame skipping on the characteristic information.

30. A method in a computer for navigating through a representation of a computational construct, comprising: receiving input from a user; when the received input is a specification of another computational construct, replacing the computational construct and any of its operands by the other computational construct; and when the received input is a first indicator, navigating a representation of a left operand of the computational construct.

30. A method in a computer for navigating through a representation of a computational construct, comprising: receiving input from a user; when the received input is a specification of another computational construct, replacing the computational construct and any of its operands by the other computational construct; and when the received input is a first indicator, navigating a representation of a left operand of the computational construct. 31. The method of claim 30 further including: when the received input is a second indicator, setting a current selection to a selection of the computational construct representing the binary operator in a left selection mode so that when the user inputs a specification of a binary operator the computational construct will be a right operand of the binary operator.

13. The domain name set generation system of claim 11 , wherein the domain name set module is further configured to determine whether each domain name in the set is registered.

13. The domain name set generation system of claim 11 , wherein the domain name set module is further configured to determine whether each domain name in the set is registered. 14. The domain name set generation system of claim 13 , wherein the domain name set module is further configured to perform a whois lookup of each domain name.

1. A method of enabling input into a handheld electronic device of a type including an input apparatus, an output apparatus, and a memory having stored therein a number of linguistic elements, an alphabet, and a number of objects, at least some of the linguistic elements each being in the alphabet, the number of objects comprising a number of language objects, the language objects each comprising a number of the linguistic elements in the alphabet, the input apparatus including a plurality of input members, at least some of the input members each having a number of the linguistic elements assigned thereto, at least some of the linguistic elements assigned to the at least some of the input members being inactive while others of the linguistic elements assigned to the at least some of the input members being active, the alphabet including only the active linguistic elements the method comprising: detecting as a first input an input of a new language object comprising at least a first new linguistic element different than the linguistic elements in the alphabet; storing the at least a first new linguistic element as part of the alphabet; detecting as a second input an ambiguous input comprising a number of actuations of a number of the input members; generating a number of prefix objects from the alphabet each having a number of the linguistic elements of the input members of the ambiguous input, at least one of the prefix objects including the at least a first new linguistic element; and for each prefix object of at least some of the prefix objects, seeking a corresponding language object that corresponds with the prefix object.

1. A method of enabling input into a handheld electronic device of a type including an input apparatus, an output apparatus, and a memory having stored therein a number of linguistic elements, an alphabet, and a number of objects, at least some of the linguistic elements each being in the alphabet, the number of objects comprising a number of language objects, the language objects each comprising a number of the linguistic elements in the alphabet, the input apparatus including a plurality of input members, at least some of the input members each having a number of the linguistic elements assigned thereto, at least some of the linguistic elements assigned to the at least some of the input members being inactive while others of the linguistic elements assigned to the at least some of the input members being active, the alphabet including only the active linguistic elements the method comprising: detecting as a first input an input of a new language object comprising at least a first new linguistic element different than the linguistic elements in the alphabet; storing the at least a first new linguistic element as part of the alphabet; detecting as a second input an ambiguous input comprising a number of actuations of a number of the input members; generating a number of prefix objects from the alphabet each having a number of the linguistic elements of the input members of the ambiguous input, at least one of the prefix objects including the at least a first new linguistic element; and for each prefix object of at least some of the prefix objects, seeking a corresponding language object that corresponds with the prefix object. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the memory has stored therein a map file comprising an assignment of each linguistic element to a corresponding input member, at least some of the linguistic elements in the map file being in the alphabet, further comprising detecting as an input of the at least a first new linguistic element an input of a linguistic element from the map file that is not in the alphabet.

1. A computer-implemented method of operating a computerized search engine to identify and rank relevant documents from a corpus comprising multiple millions of citationally-related source documents, said computer-implemented method comprising: storing on a computer-readable storage device of the computerized search engine a search index comprising a first set of identification information identifying potential input documents selected from said source documents and, for each said potential input document, a second set of identification information identifying a selected number of citationally-related potential output documents selected from said source documents; calculating, via one or more computer-processors coupled to said computer-readable storage device, a first numerical score that is statistically correlated to the probability that a direct citation exists between each corresponding pair of citationally-related potential input document and potential output document and wherein said first numerical score is calculated based at least in part on how many indirect citations exist between each said pair of citationally related documents and, for each indirect citation, how many citation links separate each said pair of citationally-related documents; storing said first numerical score for each said pair of citationally related documents on said computer-readable storage device in association with said search index; receiving a search query comprising a third set of identification information identifying one or more input documents selected from said source documents; using said third set of identification information to ascertain from said search index, via said one or more computer-processors, a fourth set of identification information identifying, for each of said one or more input documents, a selected number of corresponding output documents and, for each pair of input document and corresponding output document, said first numerical score; calculating, responsive to receiving said search query, via said one or more computer-processors, a second numerical score that is statistically correlated to the probability that a direct citation exists between any of said one or more input documents and each of said corresponding output documents, and wherein said second numerical score is calculated based at least in part on said first numerical score; generating, via said one or more computer-processors, a search query result set comprising identification information identifying one or more of said output documents and wherein said search query result set is sorted or ranked in accordance with said second numerical score; and storing said search query result set on said computer-readable storage device.

1. A computer-implemented method of operating a computerized search engine to identify and rank relevant documents from a corpus comprising multiple millions of citationally-related source documents, said computer-implemented method comprising: storing on a computer-readable storage device of the computerized search engine a search index comprising a first set of identification information identifying potential input documents selected from said source documents and, for each said potential input document, a second set of identification information identifying a selected number of citationally-related potential output documents selected from said source documents; calculating, via one or more computer-processors coupled to said computer-readable storage device, a first numerical score that is statistically correlated to the probability that a direct citation exists between each corresponding pair of citationally-related potential input document and potential output document and wherein said first numerical score is calculated based at least in part on how many indirect citations exist between each said pair of citationally related documents and, for each indirect citation, how many citation links separate each said pair of citationally-related documents; storing said first numerical score for each said pair of citationally related documents on said computer-readable storage device in association with said search index; receiving a search query comprising a third set of identification information identifying one or more input documents selected from said source documents; using said third set of identification information to ascertain from said search index, via said one or more computer-processors, a fourth set of identification information identifying, for each of said one or more input documents, a selected number of corresponding output documents and, for each pair of input document and corresponding output document, said first numerical score; calculating, responsive to receiving said search query, via said one or more computer-processors, a second numerical score that is statistically correlated to the probability that a direct citation exists between any of said one or more input documents and each of said corresponding output documents, and wherein said second numerical score is calculated based at least in part on said first numerical score; generating, via said one or more computer-processors, a search query result set comprising identification information identifying one or more of said output documents and wherein said search query result set is sorted or ranked in accordance with said second numerical score; and storing said search query result set on said computer-readable storage device. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein said search query result set is aggregated by output document.

1. A computerized apparatus for managing risk associated with earnings estimates for a company, the apparatus comprising: a computer server comprising a processor and a digital storage and accessible with a system access device via a communications network; and executable software stored on the computer server and executable on demand, the executable software operative with the processor to cause the computer server to: receive into the digital storage data descriptive of multiple earnings estimates, each earnings estimate generated by a respective bank; receive into the digital storage data indicative of one or more business relationships comprising a bank and the company; generate a first consensus estimate excluding earnings estimates received from the bank with the data indicative of one or more business relationships with the company; transmit, to the bank, data comprising a message that the bank's earnings estimate is excluded from the first consensus estimate; and generate a suggested action based upon the first consensus estimate.

1. A computerized apparatus for managing risk associated with earnings estimates for a company, the apparatus comprising: a computer server comprising a processor and a digital storage and accessible with a system access device via a communications network; and executable software stored on the computer server and executable on demand, the executable software operative with the processor to cause the computer server to: receive into the digital storage data descriptive of multiple earnings estimates, each earnings estimate generated by a respective bank; receive into the digital storage data indicative of one or more business relationships comprising a bank and the company; generate a first consensus estimate excluding earnings estimates received from the bank with the data indicative of one or more business relationships with the company; transmit, to the bank, data comprising a message that the bank's earnings estimate is excluded from the first consensus estimate; and generate a suggested action based upon the first consensus estimate. 4. The computerized apparatus of claim 1 wherein the executable software is additionally operative with the processor to cause the computer server to: receive a request data relating to a business relationship between the bank and the company.

1. A computer implemented method of constructing a database instruction, comprising: receiving a user-generated parameter from a user interface; constructing, in a memory of a computer, an information object based on an element of the user interface associated with the user-generated parameter, the information object including an object type and the user-generated parameter; associating, at runtime, the user-generated parameter with a first template instruction comprising one or more variable tokens each variable token having one or more variable token types, a first variable token occurring more than once in the first template instruction, and a first occurrence of the first variable token having a different variable token type than a second occurrence of the first variable token; determining that a section of a plurality of additional template instructions is defined as optional based on detecting an optional begin token and an optional end token that offset the section of additional template instructions, wherein each of the additional template instructions are associated with a respective variable; substituting, in the first template instruction, the user generated parameter of the information object for the first variable token; and generating a database instruction from at least the first template instruction, at least in part by excluding the additional template instructions from the database instruction based on determining that the information object does not include user-generated parameters for any of the respective variables associated with the additional template instructions.

1. A computer implemented method of constructing a database instruction, comprising: receiving a user-generated parameter from a user interface; constructing, in a memory of a computer, an information object based on an element of the user interface associated with the user-generated parameter, the information object including an object type and the user-generated parameter; associating, at runtime, the user-generated parameter with a first template instruction comprising one or more variable tokens each variable token having one or more variable token types, a first variable token occurring more than once in the first template instruction, and a first occurrence of the first variable token having a different variable token type than a second occurrence of the first variable token; determining that a section of a plurality of additional template instructions is defined as optional based on detecting an optional begin token and an optional end token that offset the section of additional template instructions, wherein each of the additional template instructions are associated with a respective variable; substituting, in the first template instruction, the user generated parameter of the information object for the first variable token; and generating a database instruction from at least the first template instruction, at least in part by excluding the additional template instructions from the database instruction based on determining that the information object does not include user-generated parameters for any of the respective variables associated with the additional template instructions. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising: receiving the user-generated parameter from a presentation interface; and constructing the information object in response to receiving the user-generated parameter, wherein receiving the information object includes receiving the information object at a query generation engine associated with the computer, the query generation engine processing the first template instruction and the information object to substitute at least one of the variable tokens with the user generated parameter.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one packaged file presentation shell includes an image associated with a first standardized graphical element to display as a representation of a presentation node.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one packaged file presentation shell includes an image associated with a first standardized graphical element to display as a representation of a presentation node. 5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the at least one presentation overlay includes a script associated with the first standardized graphical element, wherein the presentation overlay, when applied to the at least one packaged file presentation shell, overrides the image associated with the first standardized graphical element included in the packaged file presentation shell and causes the script to execute within a scripting environment of the page description language application.

16. An electronic device for use in a distributed speech recognition system comprising the electronic device and a network device remote from the electronic device, the electronic device, comprising: an embedded speech recognizer configured to receive input audio uninterrupted by one or more prompts output from the electronic device, wherein the input audio comprises input speech; and at least one processor programmed to: identify multiple types of information in the input speech; determine whether speech recognition by the remote speech recognizer is desired, wherein the determining is based, at least in part, on the identified types of information in the input speech; and in response to determining that speech recognition by the remote speech recognizer is desired, process a first portion of the input speech by the embedded speech recognizer and send a second portion of the input speech to the network device for recognition by the remote speech recognizer.

16. An electronic device for use in a distributed speech recognition system comprising the electronic device and a network device remote from the electronic device, the electronic device, comprising: an embedded speech recognizer configured to receive input audio uninterrupted by one or more prompts output from the electronic device, wherein the input audio comprises input speech; and at least one processor programmed to: identify multiple types of information in the input speech; determine whether speech recognition by the remote speech recognizer is desired, wherein the determining is based, at least in part, on the identified types of information in the input speech; and in response to determining that speech recognition by the remote speech recognizer is desired, process a first portion of the input speech by the embedded speech recognizer and send a second portion of the input speech to the network device for recognition by the remote speech recognizer. 18. The electronic device of claim 16 , wherein identifying multiple types of information in the input speech comprises processing the input speech by the embedded speech recognizer to determine the first portion of the input audio as corresponding to a first type of information and the second portion of the input audio as corresponding to a second type of information and wherein the processor is further programmed to: determine whether the embedded speech recognizer is configured to recognize the first type of information and/or the second type of information with an accuracy above a threshold; and determine that speech recognition by the remote speech recognition is desired in response to determining that the embedded speech recognizer is not configured to recognize the first type of information and/or the second type of information with an accuracy above the threshold.

1. A method for selective data provision to a mobile communication device, comprising: receiving a selection of an item of data by a user through a user interface operated by a computer, wherein the computer is separate from a mobile communication device, and wherein the receiving the selection of the item of data comprises dividing the data into a plurality of categories; formatting the item of data for being received by the mobile communication device, wherein formatting the item of data further comprises: receiving at least one functional parameter of the mobile communication device, wherein the at least one functional parameter includes a model of the mobile communication device, mapping the model of the mobile communication device to a mobile communication device profile indicative of capabilities of the mobile communication device itself, such that: if a first mobile communication device model is determined, the first mobile communication device model is mapped to a first mobile communication device profile indicative of first mobile communication device capabilities of a first mobile communication device, and if a second mobile communication device model is determined, the second mobile communication device model is mapped to a second mobile communication device profile indicative of second mobile communication device capabilities of a second mobile communication device, formatting the item of data according to the at least one functional parameter that includes the model of the mobile communication device, such that: if the first mobile communication device model is determined, a first formatting of the item of data is utilized to accommodate the first mobile communication device capabilities of the first mobile communication device, and if the second mobile communication device model is determined, a second formatting of the item of data is utilized to accommodate the second mobile communication device capabilities of the second mobile communication device, and formatting data in the plurality of categories into different formats in a manner that is suitable for each of the plurality of categories, such that: if first data is determined to be of a first category of data, a third formatting of the first data is utilized, and if second data is determined to be of a second category of data, a fourth formatting of the second data is utilized and transmitting the item of data to the mobile communication device.

1. A method for selective data provision to a mobile communication device, comprising: receiving a selection of an item of data by a user through a user interface operated by a computer, wherein the computer is separate from a mobile communication device, and wherein the receiving the selection of the item of data comprises dividing the data into a plurality of categories; formatting the item of data for being received by the mobile communication device, wherein formatting the item of data further comprises: receiving at least one functional parameter of the mobile communication device, wherein the at least one functional parameter includes a model of the mobile communication device, mapping the model of the mobile communication device to a mobile communication device profile indicative of capabilities of the mobile communication device itself, such that: if a first mobile communication device model is determined, the first mobile communication device model is mapped to a first mobile communication device profile indicative of first mobile communication device capabilities of a first mobile communication device, and if a second mobile communication device model is determined, the second mobile communication device model is mapped to a second mobile communication device profile indicative of second mobile communication device capabilities of a second mobile communication device, formatting the item of data according to the at least one functional parameter that includes the model of the mobile communication device, such that: if the first mobile communication device model is determined, a first formatting of the item of data is utilized to accommodate the first mobile communication device capabilities of the first mobile communication device, and if the second mobile communication device model is determined, a second formatting of the item of data is utilized to accommodate the second mobile communication device capabilities of the second mobile communication device, and formatting data in the plurality of categories into different formats in a manner that is suitable for each of the plurality of categories, such that: if first data is determined to be of a first category of data, a third formatting of the first data is utilized, and if second data is determined to be of a second category of data, a fourth formatting of the second data is utilized and transmitting the item of data to the mobile communication device. 31. The method of claim 1 , wherein the model of the mobile communication device provides an indication of software capabilities of the mobile communication device including at least one content type and at least one media format that are supported by the mobile communication device.

1. A computer-implemented method for collapsing a dialog window of an application, comprising: displaying a complete dialog window of a currently active application on a display device; determining a location of a cursor with respect to the dialog window; displaying a collapsed version of the dialog window in response to the cursor moving from within the complete dialog window to outside of the complete dialog window without depressing a button of the dialog window, wherein the collapsed version of the dialog window consumes a smaller area of the display device than the complete dialog window and wherein the collapsed version of the dialog window comprises a title bar of the dialog window; and displaying the complete dialog window only in response to the cursor moving from outside of the collapsed version of the dialog window to within the title bar of the collapsed version of the dialog window without depressing a button of the dialog window.

1. A computer-implemented method for collapsing a dialog window of an application, comprising: displaying a complete dialog window of a currently active application on a display device; determining a location of a cursor with respect to the dialog window; displaying a collapsed version of the dialog window in response to the cursor moving from within the complete dialog window to outside of the complete dialog window without depressing a button of the dialog window, wherein the collapsed version of the dialog window consumes a smaller area of the display device than the complete dialog window and wherein the collapsed version of the dialog window comprises a title bar of the dialog window; and displaying the complete dialog window only in response to the cursor moving from outside of the collapsed version of the dialog window to within the title bar of the collapsed version of the dialog window without depressing a button of the dialog window. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the collapsed version of the dialog window is displayed when the cursor moves outside of the dialog window for a defined minimum time period, wherein the minimum time period is defined in an application that displays the dialog window.

1. A method for inputting language, the method comprising: at a device having one or more processors, memory, and a touch-sensitive display: detecting a sequence of contact inputs via a keyboard interface on the touch-sensitive display, wherein detecting a contact input of the sequence of contact inputs comprises detecting an initiation of contact with the touch-sensitive display at a first position of the keyboard interface, a continuous contact motion from the first position to a second position of the keyboard interface, and a release of contact from the touch-sensitive display at the second position, and wherein the contact input represents a user selection of at most one character key of the keyboard interface; determining a plurality of candidate words corresponding to the sequence of contact inputs; ranking the plurality of candidate words based on a probability that the contact input is an intended input to select a first key of the keyboard interface, and a probability that the contact input is an intended input to select a second key of the keyboard interface; and displaying a portion of the plurality of candidate words for user selection.

1. A method for inputting language, the method comprising: at a device having one or more processors, memory, and a touch-sensitive display: detecting a sequence of contact inputs via a keyboard interface on the touch-sensitive display, wherein detecting a contact input of the sequence of contact inputs comprises detecting an initiation of contact with the touch-sensitive display at a first position of the keyboard interface, a continuous contact motion from the first position to a second position of the keyboard interface, and a release of contact from the touch-sensitive display at the second position, and wherein the contact input represents a user selection of at most one character key of the keyboard interface; determining a plurality of candidate words corresponding to the sequence of contact inputs; ranking the plurality of candidate words based on a probability that the contact input is an intended input to select a first key of the keyboard interface, and a probability that the contact input is an intended input to select a second key of the keyboard interface; and displaying a portion of the plurality of candidate words for user selection. 18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the probability that the contact input is an intended input to select the second key of the keyboard interface increases as a distance between the first position and a center position of the first key decreases and as a distance between the first position and the second position of the contact motion increases.

2. A structured-document processing device implemented on a computer, wherein the computer is configured as the structured-document processing device, comprising: storage means configured to store contents of both (i) a source structured document which has been parsed and (ii) a result of parsing structured partitions of the source structured document; matching check means configured to perform a matching check on whether or not source contents of the source structured document and contents of a new structured document match each other by comparing one of the structured partitions of the source structured document and a corresponding structured partition of the new structured document one by one in order starting from a head of both the source and new structured documents; classification means configured to classify each of the structured partitions of the new structured document into two categories, that is a first-class structured partition and a second- class structured partition, based on a result of performing the matching check concerning each of the structured partitions; parsing means configured to parse a structured partition which the classification means has classified as a second-class structured partition and generating a new parsed partition as a result of parsing the structured partition; and posting means configured to post to an application program (i) an event concerning each of the structured partitions in order from a structured partition in the head of the new structured document to a structured partition in a tail of the new structured document, (ii) an event concerning a source parsed partition of the source structured document corresponding to each of the structured partitions of the new structured document as a result of parsing the structured partition if the structured partition is a first-class structured partition, and (iii) an event concerning a new parsed partition concerning a structured partition as a result of parsing the structured partition if the structured partition is a second-class structured partition.

2. A structured-document processing device implemented on a computer, wherein the computer is configured as the structured-document processing device, comprising: storage means configured to store contents of both (i) a source structured document which has been parsed and (ii) a result of parsing structured partitions of the source structured document; matching check means configured to perform a matching check on whether or not source contents of the source structured document and contents of a new structured document match each other by comparing one of the structured partitions of the source structured document and a corresponding structured partition of the new structured document one by one in order starting from a head of both the source and new structured documents; classification means configured to classify each of the structured partitions of the new structured document into two categories, that is a first-class structured partition and a second- class structured partition, based on a result of performing the matching check concerning each of the structured partitions; parsing means configured to parse a structured partition which the classification means has classified as a second-class structured partition and generating a new parsed partition as a result of parsing the structured partition; and posting means configured to post to an application program (i) an event concerning each of the structured partitions in order from a structured partition in the head of the new structured document to a structured partition in a tail of the new structured document, (ii) an event concerning a source parsed partition of the source structured document corresponding to each of the structured partitions of the new structured document as a result of parsing the structured partition if the structured partition is a first-class structured partition, and (iii) an event concerning a new parsed partition concerning a structured partition as a result of parsing the structured partition if the structured partition is a second-class structured partition. 9. The structured document processing device according to claim 2 , further comprising: selecting means configured to select out of a plurality of source structured documents, as a most approximate structured document, a source structured document whose source contents are most approximate to contents of the new structured document; detecting means configured to detect a server and an operation on the basis of a request from a client in a Web service; most approximate structured document selecting means for configured to select the most approximate structured document on the basis of the server and operation detected; URL detecting means for configured to detect a URL to which a request is going to be sent, wherein the structured document is concerned with the request for a Web service; means for selecting the most approximate structured document on a basis of the URL detected; difference amount calculating means for configured to increase a difference amount between a content of the new structured document and a content of the source structured document by one unit each time it is decided that a result of performing the matching check is No; and classification means configured to classify all of the structured partitions, ranging from (i) a structured partition on which the matching check has been performed for the last time to (ii) a structured partition in the tail of the new structured document, as second-class structured partitions after the difference amount exceeds a threshold value; and replacing means configured to replace a pre-placed source structured document with a post- replaced source structured document and continuing a same process, which has been performed on the new structured document and the pre-replaced source structured document, on the new structured document and the post-replaced source structured document from its beginning after the difference exceeds a threshold; wherein the structured document is an XML document; wherein the structured partition is a partition which can be associated with a SAX event; wherein the parsing means includes a check which is made on the basis of whether or not a new structured document is a non well-formed structured document; wherein the matching check means holds a matching check on a first structured partition following a second structured partition until a non well-formed check by the parsing means concerning the first structured partition is completed if a result of performing the matching check on the first structured partition of the new structured document is NO, and aborts a matching check on the new structured document if it is decided by the matching check that the new structured document is non well-formed; wherein the matching check means turns the source structured document concerning the matching check into the most approximate structured document; wherein the posting means posts to the application program a notice that the new structured document is a non well-formed structured document instead of posting an event if it is decided by the matching check that the new structured document is non well-formed; and wherein the storage means stores source content and source parsed partitions concerning a plurality of source structured documents which are different from one another.

17. A processor readable non-transitory storage media that includes instructions for managing operations for organizations over a network, wherein execution of the instructions by one or more processors performs actions, comprising: employing a plurality of provided Operations events to perform further actions, including: providing, by the one or more processors, one or more event clusters that are associated with one or more Operations events; associating, by the one or more processors, one or more resolution metrics with the one or more event clusters; employing, by the one or more processors, a modeling engine to train one or more models based on the one or more Operations events, the one or more event clusters, and the one or more resolution metrics, wherein the one or more trained models are stored in a datastore; and retrieving, by the one or more processors, the one or more trained models, from the datastore, that are used to identify the one or more resolution metrics that are associated with one or more real-time Operations events.

17. A processor readable non-transitory storage media that includes instructions for managing operations for organizations over a network, wherein execution of the instructions by one or more processors performs actions, comprising: employing a plurality of provided Operations events to perform further actions, including: providing, by the one or more processors, one or more event clusters that are associated with one or more Operations events; associating, by the one or more processors, one or more resolution metrics with the one or more event clusters; employing, by the one or more processors, a modeling engine to train one or more models based on the one or more Operations events, the one or more event clusters, and the one or more resolution metrics, wherein the one or more trained models are stored in a datastore; and retrieving, by the one or more processors, the one or more trained models, from the datastore, that are used to identify the one or more resolution metrics that are associated with one or more real-time Operations events. 24. The media of claim 17 , wherein the trained model is configured to correlate and predict the one or more resolution metrics from the one or more real-time Operations events.

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: accessing a plurality of queries; for each query of the plurality of queries: determining, by a data processing apparatus, a first number of occurrences of the query for which the query was received for unfiltered search operations, each unfiltered search operation being a search operation for which search results for resources including content of a first type can be returned in response to the query; determining, by the data processing apparatus, a second number of occurrences of the query for which the query was received for filtered search operations, each filtered search operation being a search operation for which search results for resources including the content of the first type cannot be returned in response to the query; determining, by the data processing apparatus, a total number of unfiltered search operations based on the first numbers of occurrences of the plurality of queries; determining, by the data processing apparatus, a total number of filtered search operations based on the second numbers of occurrences of the plurality of queries; for each query of the plurality of queries: determining, by the data processing apparatus, a first value based on a ratio of the first number of occurrences of the query to the total number of unfiltered search operations; determining, by the data processing apparatus, a second value based on a ratio of the second number of occurrences of the query to the total number of filtered search operations; and determining, by the data processing apparatus, a first content type value based on a ratio of the first value to the second value; for each query of the plurality of queries having a first content type value that meets a first threshold, classifying the query as a first content type seeking query, the classification being indicative of likely user interest in content of the first type; and for each query of the plurality of queries having a first content type value that does not meet the first threshold, classifying the query as a first content type independent query, the classification being indicative of unlikely user interest of content of the first type.

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: accessing a plurality of queries; for each query of the plurality of queries: determining, by a data processing apparatus, a first number of occurrences of the query for which the query was received for unfiltered search operations, each unfiltered search operation being a search operation for which search results for resources including content of a first type can be returned in response to the query; determining, by the data processing apparatus, a second number of occurrences of the query for which the query was received for filtered search operations, each filtered search operation being a search operation for which search results for resources including the content of the first type cannot be returned in response to the query; determining, by the data processing apparatus, a total number of unfiltered search operations based on the first numbers of occurrences of the plurality of queries; determining, by the data processing apparatus, a total number of filtered search operations based on the second numbers of occurrences of the plurality of queries; for each query of the plurality of queries: determining, by the data processing apparatus, a first value based on a ratio of the first number of occurrences of the query to the total number of unfiltered search operations; determining, by the data processing apparatus, a second value based on a ratio of the second number of occurrences of the query to the total number of filtered search operations; and determining, by the data processing apparatus, a first content type value based on a ratio of the first value to the second value; for each query of the plurality of queries having a first content type value that meets a first threshold, classifying the query as a first content type seeking query, the classification being indicative of likely user interest in content of the first type; and for each query of the plurality of queries having a first content type value that does not meet the first threshold, classifying the query as a first content type independent query, the classification being indicative of unlikely user interest of content of the first type. 4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: for each query of the plurality of queries, determining a second content type value based on the first value and the second value; and for each query of the plurality of queries having a second content type value meeting a second threshold, classifying the query as a first content type independent query, the classification being indicative of unlikely user interest of content of the first type.

12. The computing device of claim 11 , wherein the instructions further cause the computing device to: determine a value corresponding to a false positive rate of the Bloom filter; and dynamically adjust a size of the first portion of the TCAM array and a size of the second portion of the TCAM array based on the value corresponding to the false positive rate, wherein adjusting the sizes of the first and second portions includes changing the first number of rows and the remaining number of rows.

12. The computing device of claim 11 , wherein the instructions further cause the computing device to: determine a value corresponding to a false positive rate of the Bloom filter; and dynamically adjust a size of the first portion of the TCAM array and a size of the second portion of the TCAM array based on the value corresponding to the false positive rate, wherein adjusting the sizes of the first and second portions includes changing the first number of rows and the remaining number of rows. 13. The computing device of claim 12 , wherein the TCAM device includes a counter that counts a number of times in which searching the second portion of the TCAM array resulted in a mismatch at every row in the second portion of the TCAM array.

20. A device comprising: a processor device; memory in communication with the processor device; a display device operatively coupled to the processor and memory; and a storage medium storing a computer program product to configure the processor to: render text of an electronic representation of a document on the display device, with the text of the document having a first appearance that includes a first color and first style, and with at least first and second sentences of the document displayed on the display device in the first appearance; apply a first visual feedback indicium over all text of the first sentence displayed on the display device to indicate a current first sentence to be read, while having the second sentence displayed in the first appearance; receive audio from a user reading the first sentence aloud; determine, using speech recognition processing that converts the received audio for the first sentence a text file, when the user has reached a last word of the sentence; concurrently remove the first visual feedback indicium from the first sentence, return all of the displayed text of the first sentence to the first appearance and apply the first visual feedback indicium over all words in the second sentence after the user completes the last word of the first sentence; apply the first visual feedback indicium on the second sentence displayed on the display device, while the first sentence is displayed on the display device without the first visual feedback indicium; and generate in the presence of an intervention a visual intervention indicium for the word that required the intervention in the second sentence, by rendering the words in the second sentence that are prior to the word that required the intervention in a second color, the word that required the intervention rendered in a different color from the second color and with a highlight on the word that required the intervention, and with words in the second sentence subsequent to the word rendered in the different color.

20. A device comprising: a processor device; memory in communication with the processor device; a display device operatively coupled to the processor and memory; and a storage medium storing a computer program product to configure the processor to: render text of an electronic representation of a document on the display device, with the text of the document having a first appearance that includes a first color and first style, and with at least first and second sentences of the document displayed on the display device in the first appearance; apply a first visual feedback indicium over all text of the first sentence displayed on the display device to indicate a current first sentence to be read, while having the second sentence displayed in the first appearance; receive audio from a user reading the first sentence aloud; determine, using speech recognition processing that converts the received audio for the first sentence a text file, when the user has reached a last word of the sentence; concurrently remove the first visual feedback indicium from the first sentence, return all of the displayed text of the first sentence to the first appearance and apply the first visual feedback indicium over all words in the second sentence after the user completes the last word of the first sentence; apply the first visual feedback indicium on the second sentence displayed on the display device, while the first sentence is displayed on the display device without the first visual feedback indicium; and generate in the presence of an intervention a visual intervention indicium for the word that required the intervention in the second sentence, by rendering the words in the second sentence that are prior to the word that required the intervention in a second color, the word that required the intervention rendered in a different color from the second color and with a highlight on the word that required the intervention, and with words in the second sentence subsequent to the word rendered in the different color. 21. The device of claim 20 further configured to determine during reading of the first sentence what word the user is reading within the first sentence.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the multiple-axis input device is rotatable to provide input, and further comprising detecting as the input from the multiple-axis input device a rotation of the multiple-axis input device a rotational distance equal to a number of times a predetermined rotational distance.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the multiple-axis input device is rotatable to provide input, and further comprising detecting as the input from the multiple-axis input device a rotation of the multiple-axis input device a rotational distance equal to a number of times a predetermined rotational distance. 4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising, responsive to each rotation of the multiple-axis input device the predetermined rotational distance, highlighting in the list the successive disambiguated interpretation.

1. A computer system configured to generate a test scenario template based on similarity between setup files associated with different organizations, comprising: a test identifier configured to identify runs of test scenarios run by users on software systems that belong to the different organizations; wherein each organization of the different organizations is associated with a different setup file customized for the organization; and wherein each organization of the different organizations has a different composition of shareholders; a processor configured to receive: the setup files and a certain setup file associated with a certain organization; the processor is further configured to identify, based on similarity between the certain setup file and the setup files, similar organizations which are similar to the certain organization; the processor is further configured to identify first and second runs of a specific test scenario that is utilized by one or more of the similar organizations; a template generator configured to generate the test scenario template based on the first and second runs of the specific test scenario; wherein the test scenario template identifies a first transaction executed in the first run and a second transaction executed in the second run, wherein the second transaction is different from the first transaction; and a data cleaner configured to remove from the test scenario template proprietary data associated with at least one of the similar organizations.

1. A computer system configured to generate a test scenario template based on similarity between setup files associated with different organizations, comprising: a test identifier configured to identify runs of test scenarios run by users on software systems that belong to the different organizations; wherein each organization of the different organizations is associated with a different setup file customized for the organization; and wherein each organization of the different organizations has a different composition of shareholders; a processor configured to receive: the setup files and a certain setup file associated with a certain organization; the processor is further configured to identify, based on similarity between the certain setup file and the setup files, similar organizations which are similar to the certain organization; the processor is further configured to identify first and second runs of a specific test scenario that is utilized by one or more of the similar organizations; a template generator configured to generate the test scenario template based on the first and second runs of the specific test scenario; wherein the test scenario template identifies a first transaction executed in the first run and a second transaction executed in the second run, wherein the second transaction is different from the first transaction; and a data cleaner configured to remove from the test scenario template proprietary data associated with at least one of the similar organizations. 6. The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to receive usage data associated with the certain organization, and utilize the usage data to identify the first and second runs of the specific test scenario.

5. The computer-storage media of claim 1 , wherein identifying the one or more native character-sets within the native string comprises identifying the one or more native character-sets based on an optimized attribute.

5. The computer-storage media of claim 1 , wherein identifying the one or more native character-sets within the native string comprises identifying the one or more native character-sets based on an optimized attribute. 6. The computer-storage media of claim 5 , wherein the optimized attribute comprises the largest character set size.

9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising determining at least one of: the number of misspelled words within the candidate signature; the ratio of misspelled words to correctly spelled words within the candidate signature; the ratio of whitespace to non-whitespace characters within the candidate signature; whether all text within the candidate signature is capitalized; the total number of tokens within the candidate signature.

9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising determining at least one of: the number of misspelled words within the candidate signature; the ratio of misspelled words to correctly spelled words within the candidate signature; the ratio of whitespace to non-whitespace characters within the candidate signature; whether all text within the candidate signature is capitalized; the total number of tokens within the candidate signature. 11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising creating metadata for the candidate signature that identifies at least one of: the number of misspelled words within the candidate signature; the ratio of misspelled words to correctly spelled words within the candidate signature; the ratio of whitespace to non-whitespace characters within the candidate signature; whether all text within the candidate signature is capitalized; the total number of tokens within the candidate signature.

1. A method of reproducing text subtitle streams, the method comprising: receiving at least one text subtitle stream from an external source, each text subtitle stream including text data to be displayed within a region of a display screen, first information specifying a global style of the region, and second information specifying a local style for a portion of the text data; reading a playlist including at least one playitem and first and second subplayitems, the playitem specifying a time based playing interval from an in-time until an out-time associated with at least one audio/video stream, the first subplayitem specifying a time based playing interval from an in-time until an out-time associated with the at least one text subtitle stream, the first subplayitem for a reproducing of the text subtitle stream being synchronized with the playitem, the second subplayitem for a reproduction of browsable slideshow being not synchronized with the playitem; and decoding the text subtitle stream using the first information and the second information.

1. A method of reproducing text subtitle streams, the method comprising: receiving at least one text subtitle stream from an external source, each text subtitle stream including text data to be displayed within a region of a display screen, first information specifying a global style of the region, and second information specifying a local style for a portion of the text data; reading a playlist including at least one playitem and first and second subplayitems, the playitem specifying a time based playing interval from an in-time until an out-time associated with at least one audio/video stream, the first subplayitem specifying a time based playing interval from an in-time until an out-time associated with the at least one text subtitle stream, the first subplayitem for a reproducing of the text subtitle stream being synchronized with the playitem, the second subplayitem for a reproduction of browsable slideshow being not synchronized with the playitem; and decoding the text subtitle stream using the first information and the second information. 2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: storing the at least one audio/video stream and the at least one text subtitle stream in a data area of a recording medium, wherein the at least one text subtitle stream is stored as at least one independent stream file within the data area.

1. A computer implemented method for composing a target keyphrase to be searched, wherein the target keyphrase comprises a plurality of keywords, the computer implemented method comprising: receiving, in a search bar, one or more textual characters following at least one previously existing keyword; providing a plurality of keyword results associated only with the one or more textual characters irrespective of the at least one previously existing keyword; receiving a selection input for selecting a keyword result from amongst the plurality of keyword results associated only with the one or more textual characters irrespective of the at least one previously existing keyword; and word by word composing the target keyphrase by appending the selected keyword result associated only with the one or more textual characters irrespective of the at least one previously existing keyword to the at least one previously existing keyword in the search bar without launching search.

1. A computer implemented method for composing a target keyphrase to be searched, wherein the target keyphrase comprises a plurality of keywords, the computer implemented method comprising: receiving, in a search bar, one or more textual characters following at least one previously existing keyword; providing a plurality of keyword results associated only with the one or more textual characters irrespective of the at least one previously existing keyword; receiving a selection input for selecting a keyword result from amongst the plurality of keyword results associated only with the one or more textual characters irrespective of the at least one previously existing keyword; and word by word composing the target keyphrase by appending the selected keyword result associated only with the one or more textual characters irrespective of the at least one previously existing keyword to the at least one previously existing keyword in the search bar without launching search. 2. The computer implemented method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the providing further comprises ordering the plurality of keyword results based on relevance with the one or more textual characters.

18. A computing system comprising: a processor coupled to a non-transitory computer-storage medium, the computer-storage medium having stored thereon a plurality of computer software modules executable by the processor, the computer software modules comprising: an electronic document transaction module configured to receive a comment object from a first client computer, the comment object associated with an electronic document to be accessed from the first client computer and having a data structure that includes a reference specification field containing a numeric identification that describes at least one of a beginning or an ending of a commented portion in a numerical format and containing context information that identifies at least one of the beginning or the ending of the commented portion using text from the beginning or the ending of the commented portion; and a data access module coupled to the electronic document transaction module and configured to assign a unique identifier to the comment object and to place the comment object in a queue according to the unique identifier, the data access module being further configured to forward the comment object as a forwarded comment object to a second client computer for automatic propagation in response to the second client computer opening the electronic document concurrently with the first client computer, the electronic document transaction module is further configured to receive an indication that the forwarded comment object has been merged into the electronic document on the second client computer and that the electronic document has been saved and remove the forwarded comment object from the queue based on the receiving of the indication of the save.

18. A computing system comprising: a processor coupled to a non-transitory computer-storage medium, the computer-storage medium having stored thereon a plurality of computer software modules executable by the processor, the computer software modules comprising: an electronic document transaction module configured to receive a comment object from a first client computer, the comment object associated with an electronic document to be accessed from the first client computer and having a data structure that includes a reference specification field containing a numeric identification that describes at least one of a beginning or an ending of a commented portion in a numerical format and containing context information that identifies at least one of the beginning or the ending of the commented portion using text from the beginning or the ending of the commented portion; and a data access module coupled to the electronic document transaction module and configured to assign a unique identifier to the comment object and to place the comment object in a queue according to the unique identifier, the data access module being further configured to forward the comment object as a forwarded comment object to a second client computer for automatic propagation in response to the second client computer opening the electronic document concurrently with the first client computer, the electronic document transaction module is further configured to receive an indication that the forwarded comment object has been merged into the electronic document on the second client computer and that the electronic document has been saved and remove the forwarded comment object from the queue based on the receiving of the indication of the save. 20. The system of claim 18 , wherein the electronic document transaction module is further configured to: remove any comment objects that have unique identifiers with values less than or equal to the unique identifier of the forwarded comment object from the queue.

6. A method for recognizing particular phonemes in a voice signal as in claim 5, wherein a bias is applied to each said average power level and to each said power level prior to calculating the logarithms thereof, whereby the influence on said first difference levels of extraneous noise during silences in the voice signal is minimized.

6. A method for recognizing particular phonemes in a voice signal as in claim 5, wherein a bias is applied to each said average power level and to each said power level prior to calculating the logarithms thereof, whereby the influence on said first difference levels of extraneous noise during silences in the voice signal is minimized. 7. A method for recognizing particular phonemes in a voice signal as in claim 6, wherein said step of generating further comprises the sub-step of selectively weighting said power levels of said first acoustic parameter signal to accurately represent the phonemic information in said voice signal.

1. A method for extracting a system modeling meta-model language model for a system from a natural language specification of the system, comprising: storing a natural language specification of a system in a computer memory; extracting, with a computer processor, syntactic structure from said natural language specification of a system, said syntactic structure representing a set of at least one syntactic subject; creating, with said computer processor, a first mapping between a predetermined said set of at least one syntactic subject and respective meta-model elements for a system modeling meta-model language, wherein said set of at least one syntactic subject comprises a noun phrase and said first mapping comprises a mapping of a respective noun phrase to said respective meta-model elements; extracting, with said computer processor, further syntactic structure representing a set of at least one syntactic predicate corresponding to each of said set of at least one syntactic subject; creating, with said computer processor, a second mapping between a predetermined set of at least one syntactic predicate and respective meta-model associations for said meta-model elements; creating, with said computer processor, at least one respective meta-model relation for each corresponding meta-model elements in accordance with any corresponding syntactic predicate identified in said extracted further syntactic structure; creating, with said computer processor, at least one of said respective meta-model elements in accordance with said first mapping for each identified said set of at least one syntactic subject; extracting, with said computer processor, at least one semantic element from said natural language specification; when a semantic element associated with a given predicate indicates that said given predicate is passive, a verb phrase from said given passive predicate is mapped, with said computer processor, as a meta-model reference between said meta-model elements for a corresponding subject and said meta-model elements for a corresponding object of said verb phrase, wherein a set of semantic elements comprises a set of optional semantic elements associated with said at least one of said subject or said object, which are mapped, with said computer processor, as at least one attribute of said corresponding meta-model elements; when said given predicate is active, a verb phrase from said given active predicate is mapped, with said computer processor, to a meta-model operation for said meta-model elements corresponding to said subject; said set of semantic elements comprises a set of optional semantic elements associated with said at least one of said subject or said object, which are mapped, with said computer processor, as at least one attribute of said corresponding meta-model elements, and thematic cluster data arranged to identify common semantic themes is determined from said set of optional semantic elements and transferred to said created at least one of said respective meta-model elements so as to enable the identification of said common semantic themes in said model of said system; and converting, with said computer processor, said created at least one of said respective meta-model elements into a model of said system.

1. A method for extracting a system modeling meta-model language model for a system from a natural language specification of the system, comprising: storing a natural language specification of a system in a computer memory; extracting, with a computer processor, syntactic structure from said natural language specification of a system, said syntactic structure representing a set of at least one syntactic subject; creating, with said computer processor, a first mapping between a predetermined said set of at least one syntactic subject and respective meta-model elements for a system modeling meta-model language, wherein said set of at least one syntactic subject comprises a noun phrase and said first mapping comprises a mapping of a respective noun phrase to said respective meta-model elements; extracting, with said computer processor, further syntactic structure representing a set of at least one syntactic predicate corresponding to each of said set of at least one syntactic subject; creating, with said computer processor, a second mapping between a predetermined set of at least one syntactic predicate and respective meta-model associations for said meta-model elements; creating, with said computer processor, at least one respective meta-model relation for each corresponding meta-model elements in accordance with any corresponding syntactic predicate identified in said extracted further syntactic structure; creating, with said computer processor, at least one of said respective meta-model elements in accordance with said first mapping for each identified said set of at least one syntactic subject; extracting, with said computer processor, at least one semantic element from said natural language specification; when a semantic element associated with a given predicate indicates that said given predicate is passive, a verb phrase from said given passive predicate is mapped, with said computer processor, as a meta-model reference between said meta-model elements for a corresponding subject and said meta-model elements for a corresponding object of said verb phrase, wherein a set of semantic elements comprises a set of optional semantic elements associated with said at least one of said subject or said object, which are mapped, with said computer processor, as at least one attribute of said corresponding meta-model elements; when said given predicate is active, a verb phrase from said given active predicate is mapped, with said computer processor, to a meta-model operation for said meta-model elements corresponding to said subject; said set of semantic elements comprises a set of optional semantic elements associated with said at least one of said subject or said object, which are mapped, with said computer processor, as at least one attribute of said corresponding meta-model elements, and thematic cluster data arranged to identify common semantic themes is determined from said set of optional semantic elements and transferred to said created at least one of said respective meta-model elements so as to enable the identification of said common semantic themes in said model of said system; and converting, with said computer processor, said created at least one of said respective meta-model elements into a model of said system. 2. A method according to claim 1 , when said syntactic predicate comprises said noun phrase, said respective noun phrase is mapped, with said computer processor, to a further meta-model element in accordance with said first mapping.

1. A physically embodied computer readable-media having embedded computer executable instructions for discerning a term for a misspelled entry, the instructions performing steps comprising: creating a phonetic residue of the misspelled entry; comparing the phonetic residue of the misspelled entry to created phonetic residues of one or more terms in a dictionary of terms; and selecting those terms in the dictionary of terms that have a phonetic residue that substantially matches the phonetic residue of the misspelled entry whereby a selected entry is discerned as a term for the misspelled entry; wherein the phonetic residue of the misspelled entry and the phonetic residues of the dictionary of terms are created by at least removing all phonetic information provided by non-leading vowels of the misspelled entry and terms in the dictionary of terms, respectively.

1. A physically embodied computer readable-media having embedded computer executable instructions for discerning a term for a misspelled entry, the instructions performing steps comprising: creating a phonetic residue of the misspelled entry; comparing the phonetic residue of the misspelled entry to created phonetic residues of one or more terms in a dictionary of terms; and selecting those terms in the dictionary of terms that have a phonetic residue that substantially matches the phonetic residue of the misspelled entry whereby a selected entry is discerned as a term for the misspelled entry; wherein the phonetic residue of the misspelled entry and the phonetic residues of the dictionary of terms are created by at least removing all phonetic information provided by non-leading vowels of the misspelled entry and terms in the dictionary of terms, respectively. 16. The computer readable-media as recited in claim 1 , wherein the dictionary of terms comprises terms representative of attributes of products in an electronic catalog.

9. A system for facilitating document retrieval in an electronic document management system, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor unit and at least one storage unit, both coupled to an electronic document management system; wherein the at least one processor unit is configured to: assign a first entitlement to a first user for accessing a first plurality of documents in the electronic document management system, identify one or more patterns in the first user's creation or modification of metadata related to the first plurality of documents, record the one or more identified patterns associated with the first user in the at least one storage unit, receive a document query from a second user who has been assigned a second entitlement to access a second plurality of documents, determine, based on the second entitlement, an access right of the second user with respect to the first plurality of documents, and modify the document query based on the access right of the second user and the one or more identified patterns, such that the document query returns one or more relevant documents from the first plurality of documents despite the second user's ignorance of the one or more identified patterns.

9. A system for facilitating document retrieval in an electronic document management system, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor unit and at least one storage unit, both coupled to an electronic document management system; wherein the at least one processor unit is configured to: assign a first entitlement to a first user for accessing a first plurality of documents in the electronic document management system, identify one or more patterns in the first user's creation or modification of metadata related to the first plurality of documents, record the one or more identified patterns associated with the first user in the at least one storage unit, receive a document query from a second user who has been assigned a second entitlement to access a second plurality of documents, determine, based on the second entitlement, an access right of the second user with respect to the first plurality of documents, and modify the document query based on the access right of the second user and the one or more identified patterns, such that the document query returns one or more relevant documents from the first plurality of documents despite the second user's ignorance of the one or more identified patterns. 13. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one processor unit is configured to record the one or more identified patterns in association with the metadata related to each of the first plurality of documents.

1. A method embodied in a computer readable medium for generating challenge data to be used for accessing data and/or resources of an electronic computing system comprising: (a) automatically generating a candidate challenge sentence from a first set of words and phrases using a computing system; (b) automatically generating at least one first utterance from a first machine text to speech system of said candidate challenge sentence using the computing system, said at least one first utterance including first acoustical characteristics; (c) acquiring at least one second utterance of said candidate challenge sentence known to be from a human speaker using the computing system, said at least one second utterance including second acoustical characteristics; (d) automatically determining a difference in said first and second acoustical characteristics using the computing system to determine a challenge sentence acoustic score for said candidate challenge sentence; (e) automatically selecting said candidate challenge sentence as a suitable challenge item in an utterance-based challenge system and storing said at least one second utterance and said candidate challenge sentence in a challenge item database using the computer system when said candidate challenge sentence acoustic score exceeds a target threshold, indicating that said at least one first utterance from the first machine text to speech system is sufficiently different from said at least one second utterance from the human speaker for said candidate challenge sentence to be used to automatically distinguish between humans and machines attempting to access the electronic computing system.

1. A method embodied in a computer readable medium for generating challenge data to be used for accessing data and/or resources of an electronic computing system comprising: (a) automatically generating a candidate challenge sentence from a first set of words and phrases using a computing system; (b) automatically generating at least one first utterance from a first machine text to speech system of said candidate challenge sentence using the computing system, said at least one first utterance including first acoustical characteristics; (c) acquiring at least one second utterance of said candidate challenge sentence known to be from a human speaker using the computing system, said at least one second utterance including second acoustical characteristics; (d) automatically determining a difference in said first and second acoustical characteristics using the computing system to determine a challenge sentence acoustic score for said candidate challenge sentence; (e) automatically selecting said candidate challenge sentence as a suitable challenge item in an utterance-based challenge system and storing said at least one second utterance and said candidate challenge sentence in a challenge item database using the computer system when said candidate challenge sentence acoustic score exceeds a target threshold, indicating that said at least one first utterance from the first machine text to speech system is sufficiently different from said at least one second utterance from the human speaker for said candidate challenge sentence to be used to automatically distinguish between humans and machines attempting to access the electronic computing system. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein acoustical features of said first utterance and said second utterance are measured, and regions of greatest difference are identified to be used as discriminators.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to use general and customized translation models to generate the suggestion pool.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to use general and customized translation models to generate the suggestion pool. 3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the customized model is built using in-domain data for a domain of the document.

3. A computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving a first search query associated with an entity reference, wherein the entity reference corresponds to one or more distinct entities; providing a set of results for the first search query, wherein the set of results distinguishes between the one or more distinct entities; identifying one or more attributes of at least one entity of the one or more distinct entities based at least in part on the set of results; in response to the first search query, automatically generating a selectable list of one or more additional search queries separate from the first search query, wherein the one or more additional search queries comprise combinations of the at least one entity and the one or more attributes; providing the selectable list of the one or more additional search queries for display within a user interface receiving an input selecting at least one of the one or more additional search queries that are displayed within the user interface; and providing an updated set of results based on the selected one or more additional search queries, wherein the updated set of results comprises at least one result not in the set of results.

3. A computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving a first search query associated with an entity reference, wherein the entity reference corresponds to one or more distinct entities; providing a set of results for the first search query, wherein the set of results distinguishes between the one or more distinct entities; identifying one or more attributes of at least one entity of the one or more distinct entities based at least in part on the set of results; in response to the first search query, automatically generating a selectable list of one or more additional search queries separate from the first search query, wherein the one or more additional search queries comprise combinations of the at least one entity and the one or more attributes; providing the selectable list of the one or more additional search queries for display within a user interface receiving an input selecting at least one of the one or more additional search queries that are displayed within the user interface; and providing an updated set of results based on the selected one or more additional search queries, wherein the updated set of results comprises at least one result not in the set of results. 17. The computer-readable medium of claim 3 , wherein identifying one or more attributes comprises identifying one or more attributes from a structured data source.

1. A computer readable storage medium with computer executable instructions for a localizable video game, said instructions comprising: instructions for a video game; instructions for a language interface pack library, comprising: instructions for receiving a language preference; instructions for providing to said video game paths to most recent versions of localized video game resources corresponding to said language preference, and paths to fallback video game resources; and instructions for integrating, by said video game, video game resources identified by provided paths into a video game display.

1. A computer readable storage medium with computer executable instructions for a localizable video game, said instructions comprising: instructions for a video game; instructions for a language interface pack library, comprising: instructions for receiving a language preference; instructions for providing to said video game paths to most recent versions of localized video game resources corresponding to said language preference, and paths to fallback video game resources; and instructions for integrating, by said video game, video game resources identified by provided paths into a video game display. 8. The computer readable storage medium of claim 1 , further comprising instructions for retrieval of at least one new localized video game resource from a network.

1. A computer program product comprising machine executable instructions stored on non-transitory machine readable media, the product for at least one of tagging and browsing multimedia content, the instructions comprising instructions for: providing a tagging annotation interface adapted for allowing at least one user to manually associate at least one keyword with at least one multimedia document; providing a browsing annotation interface adapted for allowing the user to judge a relevance of at least one keyword and at least one automatically associated multimedia document; providing an annotation candidate selection component that is adapted for automatically associating at least one annotation keyword and at least one multimedia document, and manually associating the at least one selected annotation keyword with the at least one multimedia document; and a selection tool configured to select at least one of the tagging annotation interface and the browsing annotation interface according to at least one of a learning model and an input from the user; wherein the learning model is related to of word frequency and average annotation times per word; and wherein the selection tool is configured to select between the browsing annotation interface for frequent keywords and the tagging annotation interface for infrequent keywords; wherein a boundary for determining the frequent keywords and the infrequent keywords is derived from user's average tagging time per image, user's average tagging time per keyword, user's average browsing timer per image, user's average browsing time per keyword, and a total number of documents.

1. A computer program product comprising machine executable instructions stored on non-transitory machine readable media, the product for at least one of tagging and browsing multimedia content, the instructions comprising instructions for: providing a tagging annotation interface adapted for allowing at least one user to manually associate at least one keyword with at least one multimedia document; providing a browsing annotation interface adapted for allowing the user to judge a relevance of at least one keyword and at least one automatically associated multimedia document; providing an annotation candidate selection component that is adapted for automatically associating at least one annotation keyword and at least one multimedia document, and manually associating the at least one selected annotation keyword with the at least one multimedia document; and a selection tool configured to select at least one of the tagging annotation interface and the browsing annotation interface according to at least one of a learning model and an input from the user; wherein the learning model is related to of word frequency and average annotation times per word; and wherein the selection tool is configured to select between the browsing annotation interface for frequent keywords and the tagging annotation interface for infrequent keywords; wherein a boundary for determining the frequent keywords and the infrequent keywords is derived from user's average tagging time per image, user's average tagging time per keyword, user's average browsing timer per image, user's average browsing time per keyword, and a total number of documents. 4. The computer program product as in claim 1 , wherein the at least one keyword has a relationship to an event topic which can include information derived from sports, news and entertainment; and wherein the at least one keyword has a relationship to a genre topic which can include information derived from a cartoon and a drama.

1. A computer implemented method of dynamically generating cascading style sheets for a client application, comprising: providing a first style sheet containing a noncompliant function to a standard style sheet language according to W3C cascading style sheet specification; retrieving the first style sheet at a client from a server; extracting from the first style sheet the noncompliant function; executing the noncompliant function at the client to produce a function output wherein the noncompliant function transforms a noncompliant color value according to W3C cascading style sheet specification that is operating system specific into a standard style sheet language compliant color value according to W3C cascading style sheet specification; generating a second style sheet based on the first style sheet and the function output, wherein the second style sheet is compliant according to W3C cascading style sheet specification; and executing the second style sheet on a standard style sheet language compliant browser according to W3C cascading style sheet specification at the client.

1. A computer implemented method of dynamically generating cascading style sheets for a client application, comprising: providing a first style sheet containing a noncompliant function to a standard style sheet language according to W3C cascading style sheet specification; retrieving the first style sheet at a client from a server; extracting from the first style sheet the noncompliant function; executing the noncompliant function at the client to produce a function output wherein the noncompliant function transforms a noncompliant color value according to W3C cascading style sheet specification that is operating system specific into a standard style sheet language compliant color value according to W3C cascading style sheet specification; generating a second style sheet based on the first style sheet and the function output, wherein the second style sheet is compliant according to W3C cascading style sheet specification; and executing the second style sheet on a standard style sheet language compliant browser according to W3C cascading style sheet specification at the client. 3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the noncompliant function provides a parameter of a cascading style sheet (CSS) compliant function.

9. In a document retrieval system storing more than one library document, an apparatus for retrieving library documents matching the content of a sequence of query words, comprising: (a) means for storing a set of equivalent words for each of the query words, each of said equivalent words being stored with a corresponding word equivalence value; (b) means coupled to said storage means for computing a relevance factor for a library document, comprising: (i) first means for receiving a set of matching criteria; (ii) second means coupled to said first means for locating target sequences of words in a library document that match the sequence of query words, and equivalence thereof, according to said matching criteria; (iii) third means coupled to said second means for evaluating similarity values of said target sequences of words, each similarity value being evaluated as a function of the equivalence values of words included in the corresponding target sequence; and (iv) fourth means receiving said similarity values for computing said relevance factor.

9. In a document retrieval system storing more than one library document, an apparatus for retrieving library documents matching the content of a sequence of query words, comprising: (a) means for storing a set of equivalent words for each of the query words, each of said equivalent words being stored with a corresponding word equivalence value; (b) means coupled to said storage means for computing a relevance factor for a library document, comprising: (i) first means for receiving a set of matching criteria; (ii) second means coupled to said first means for locating target sequences of words in a library document that match the sequence of query words, and equivalence thereof, according to said matching criteria; (iii) third means coupled to said second means for evaluating similarity values of said target sequences of words, each similarity value being evaluated as a function of the equivalence values of words included in the corresponding target sequence; and (iv) fourth means receiving said similarity values for computing said relevance factor. 16. The apparatus as in claim 9 further comprising means of preselecting a subset of library documents.

1. A computer-implemented method of providing a media presentation associated with a rendered document, the method comprising: optically or acoustically capturing a portion of the rendered document containing human-readable text using a portable data capture device; generating a digest of the captured portion based at least in part on content of the text of the captured portion using the portable data capture device; locating a document identifier associated with an electronic counterpart to the rendered document based at least in part on the digest of the captured portion; sending an enhancement package request including the document identifier to a media server; receiving from the media server an enhancement package associated with the document identifier, wherein the enhancement package includes multiple media presentations associated with multiple words of the rendered document, wherein each word of the multiple words is associated with a respective media presentation of the multiple media presentations; optically or acoustically capturing another portion of the rendered document containing human-readable text using the portable data capture device; locating within the enhancement package a media presentation associated with one or more identified words within the another captured portion; and presenting the associated media presentation using a display or speaker of the portable data capture device.

1. A computer-implemented method of providing a media presentation associated with a rendered document, the method comprising: optically or acoustically capturing a portion of the rendered document containing human-readable text using a portable data capture device; generating a digest of the captured portion based at least in part on content of the text of the captured portion using the portable data capture device; locating a document identifier associated with an electronic counterpart to the rendered document based at least in part on the digest of the captured portion; sending an enhancement package request including the document identifier to a media server; receiving from the media server an enhancement package associated with the document identifier, wherein the enhancement package includes multiple media presentations associated with multiple words of the rendered document, wherein each word of the multiple words is associated with a respective media presentation of the multiple media presentations; optically or acoustically capturing another portion of the rendered document containing human-readable text using the portable data capture device; locating within the enhancement package a media presentation associated with one or more identified words within the another captured portion; and presenting the associated media presentation using a display or speaker of the portable data capture device. 4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the media presentation comprises an image presentation.

1. A computing system, comprising: a memory holding instructions that, when executed by a logic subsystem, instantiate an extensible context store and one or more domain interpreters and enable an application programming interface; the extensible context store holding one or more context items, each context item including a unique identifier and one or more context-describing values; the one or more domain interpreters in operative communication with the extensible context store, each domain interpreter including one or more of a context provider and a context consumer, each context provider configured to output a context-describing value for holding in a context item of the extensible context store, each context consumer configured to input a context-describing value from a context item held in the extensible context store; and the application programming interface providing the one or more domain interpreters access to context items in the extensible context store, the application programming interface using the unique identifier of each context item as a parameter for accessing that context item, the application programming interface permitting a domain interpreter to extensibly define a new context item that is represented differently from any other context items held by the extensible context store, and the application programming interface allowing a single context item to be altered by different domain interpreters.

1. A computing system, comprising: a memory holding instructions that, when executed by a logic subsystem, instantiate an extensible context store and one or more domain interpreters and enable an application programming interface; the extensible context store holding one or more context items, each context item including a unique identifier and one or more context-describing values; the one or more domain interpreters in operative communication with the extensible context store, each domain interpreter including one or more of a context provider and a context consumer, each context provider configured to output a context-describing value for holding in a context item of the extensible context store, each context consumer configured to input a context-describing value from a context item held in the extensible context store; and the application programming interface providing the one or more domain interpreters access to context items in the extensible context store, the application programming interface using the unique identifier of each context item as a parameter for accessing that context item, the application programming interface permitting a domain interpreter to extensibly define a new context item that is represented differently from any other context items held by the extensible context store, and the application programming interface allowing a single context item to be altered by different domain interpreters. 3. The computing system of claim 1 , where a context item further includes a listing of context consumers subscribing to the context item.

1. A computer readable storage device having computer readable program instructions embodied thereon for programming a processor, said instructions consisting of: a computer software application manifesting an entirely declarative system for creating a software program comprising properties for declaratively establishing relationships between data elements, said relationships comprising descriptions of logic and data, wherein said entirely declarative system comprises one or more declarative lattice structures, each respective lattice having a plurality of configurable constructs comprising: (i) one or more declarative attributes, each attribute configurable to select an internal behavior of said respective lattice; (ii) one or more declarative data access sites, each site configurable to define respective data access points for accessing lattices external to said respective lattice, and wherein said attributes and data access sites configure each said respective lattice to complete a singular computing task, and each respective lattice is configured to instantiate and execute, either alone or in relation to other lattices of said declarative system.

1. A computer readable storage device having computer readable program instructions embodied thereon for programming a processor, said instructions consisting of: a computer software application manifesting an entirely declarative system for creating a software program comprising properties for declaratively establishing relationships between data elements, said relationships comprising descriptions of logic and data, wherein said entirely declarative system comprises one or more declarative lattice structures, each respective lattice having a plurality of configurable constructs comprising: (i) one or more declarative attributes, each attribute configurable to select an internal behavior of said respective lattice; (ii) one or more declarative data access sites, each site configurable to define respective data access points for accessing lattices external to said respective lattice, and wherein said attributes and data access sites configure each said respective lattice to complete a singular computing task, and each respective lattice is configured to instantiate and execute, either alone or in relation to other lattices of said declarative system. 27. The computer readable storage device of claim 1 , wherein said one or more declarative lattice structures comprises an iterator structure configurable to execute a contained declarative lattice structure a plurality of times.

2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a remedial learning content item and a remedial assessment content item for automatic display to said student if said performance indicator indicates a deficiency relative to said learning outcome.

2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a remedial learning content item and a remedial assessment content item for automatic display to said student if said performance indicator indicates a deficiency relative to said learning outcome. 3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a periodic plurality of said performance indicators relative to said learning outcome.

1. A method for constructing syntax-directed search and modifications in program transformation systems, comprising: compiling a program, generated using a language specified by a grammar, into an executable, the language including at least one command for specifying any of searching, matching, and modifying operations on a source code representation using a syntax structure specification; and executing the executable on the source code representation to generate a target code representation, the executable configured to preserve format information of the source code representation by using program representations that preserve both syntax and formatting information of programs, wherein the executing comprises: searching based on the syntax structure specification and match criteria to match every occurrence of a syntax name in the source code representation, when only the syntax name is specified in the syntax structure specification.

1. A method for constructing syntax-directed search and modifications in program transformation systems, comprising: compiling a program, generated using a language specified by a grammar, into an executable, the language including at least one command for specifying any of searching, matching, and modifying operations on a source code representation using a syntax structure specification; and executing the executable on the source code representation to generate a target code representation, the executable configured to preserve format information of the source code representation by using program representations that preserve both syntax and formatting information of programs, wherein the executing comprises: searching based on the syntax structure specification and match criteria to match every occurrence of a syntax name in the source code representation, when only the syntax name is specified in the syntax structure specification. 3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the executing further comprises: replacing a syntax structure of the source code representation matching the syntax name with a replacement syntax structure, when a replace match action is specified in the syntax structure specification.

1. A method for delivering author specific content, comprising: identifying any content on multiple online resources that appears to have been generated by a specific identified author; determining whether to authenticate authorship of the content and selectively authenticating content that appears to have been generated by the specific identified author as actually being generated by that author; delivering to a subscribing user, via an activity stream, an indication of the content identified as being by the specific identified author from the multiple online resources; and storing an author database that stores an identification of a first author along with a string provided by a content site having content generated by the first author, the string identifying a key that encrypts the first author's identification and the Universal Resource Locator (URL) of the content site.

1. A method for delivering author specific content, comprising: identifying any content on multiple online resources that appears to have been generated by a specific identified author; determining whether to authenticate authorship of the content and selectively authenticating content that appears to have been generated by the specific identified author as actually being generated by that author; delivering to a subscribing user, via an activity stream, an indication of the content identified as being by the specific identified author from the multiple online resources; and storing an author database that stores an identification of a first author along with a string provided by a content site having content generated by the first author, the string identifying a key that encrypts the first author's identification and the Universal Resource Locator (URL) of the content site. 5. The method of claim 1 , wherein delivering information to the subscribing user via the activity stream includes delivering the content from a social network to the subscribing user who is not a member of the social network.

19. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15 , wherein the computer-readable storage device stores additional instructions stored which, when executed by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations further comprising modifying an aspect of the speech recognition based on a speech adaption associated with the speaker.

19. The computer-readable storage device of claim 15 , wherein the computer-readable storage device stores additional instructions stored which, when executed by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations further comprising modifying an aspect of the speech recognition based on a speech adaption associated with the speaker. 20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 19 , wherein the speech adaptation is an accent change.

18. A computer-readable medium having instructions encoded thereon, which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising: receiving a plurality of online content items authored by a plurality of authors for online publication; and for each online content item, determining a reputation score for an author of the online content item, where the reputation score is based at least in part on: (a) reviews scores of the online content items authored by the author, the scores provided by one or more reviewers other than the author; and (b) an authentication score for the author, the authentication score being a function of determinations made to identify that the author is who the author purports to be and in response to a query for online content, generating a set of search results including an online content item from the plurality of online content items; and determining a ranking of the online content item in the set based at least in part on a reputation score of the author.

18. A computer-readable medium having instructions encoded thereon, which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising: receiving a plurality of online content items authored by a plurality of authors for online publication; and for each online content item, determining a reputation score for an author of the online content item, where the reputation score is based at least in part on: (a) reviews scores of the online content items authored by the author, the scores provided by one or more reviewers other than the author; and (b) an authentication score for the author, the authentication score being a function of determinations made to identify that the author is who the author purports to be and in response to a query for online content, generating a set of search results including an online content item from the plurality of online content items; and determining a ranking of the online content item in the set based at least in part on a reputation score of the author. 31. The computer-readable medium of claim 18 , wherein the reputation score is portable from one online publisher to another, and wherein determining a reputation score for the corresponding author is further based on a pre-existing reputation score of the author imported from a publisher different than a publisher of the online content item.

8. A test case generation system comprising: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory having processor-readable instructions stored therein, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a plurality of functions, including functions to: receive and interact with a test application, the test application including metadata corresponding to at least one functionality of the test application; retrieve metadata corresponding to a data entry form included in the test application; generate a test case to test the at least one functionality of the test application, based at least in part on the corresponding metadata; and store the test case in a first format and a second format different from the first format, the test case corresponding to a field of the data entry form.

8. A test case generation system comprising: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory having processor-readable instructions stored therein, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a plurality of functions, including functions to: receive and interact with a test application, the test application including metadata corresponding to at least one functionality of the test application; retrieve metadata corresponding to a data entry form included in the test application; generate a test case to test the at least one functionality of the test application, based at least in part on the corresponding metadata; and store the test case in a first format and a second format different from the first format, the test case corresponding to a field of the data entry form. 10. The test case generation system of claim 8 , wherein the first format is an automated testing language and the second format is a natural language format.

18. A computer program product for search with autosuggest, the computer program product being embodied in a tangible non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for: determining a plurality of potential query suggestions for a partially entered query string; and automatically suggesting a plurality of queries based on a query count for each of the queries, comprising: determining a weight for each of the plurality of potential search query suggestions, comprising: determining a first weight of a first potential search query suggestion based on a first query count; determining a first position weight based on a position of a first matching word in the first potential search query suggestion; adjusting the first weight of the first potential search query suggestion based on the first position weight to obtain a first adjusted weight for the first potential search query suggestion, comprising: determining whether a portion of the query string matches a field in a document associated with the first potential search query suggestion; and in the event that the portion of the query string matches the field in the document: adjusting the first adjusted weight by a first value in the event that the field corresponds to a first type; and adjusting the first adjusted weight by a second value in the event that the field corresponds to a second type, the first value being different from the second value.

18. A computer program product for search with autosuggest, the computer program product being embodied in a tangible non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for: determining a plurality of potential query suggestions for a partially entered query string; and automatically suggesting a plurality of queries based on a query count for each of the queries, comprising: determining a weight for each of the plurality of potential search query suggestions, comprising: determining a first weight of a first potential search query suggestion based on a first query count; determining a first position weight based on a position of a first matching word in the first potential search query suggestion; adjusting the first weight of the first potential search query suggestion based on the first position weight to obtain a first adjusted weight for the first potential search query suggestion, comprising: determining whether a portion of the query string matches a field in a document associated with the first potential search query suggestion; and in the event that the portion of the query string matches the field in the document: adjusting the first adjusted weight by a first value in the event that the field corresponds to a first type; and adjusting the first adjusted weight by a second value in the event that the field corresponds to a second type, the first value being different from the second value. 19. The computer program product recited in claim 18 , wherein the query count corresponds to a popularity of the query.

11. A method to perform a software application transformation, comprising: receiving a source grammar comprising a plurality of source grammar elements of a source application, the source grammar specifying syntactic rules governing a source programming language of the source application; receiving a plurality of target grammars comprising a plurality of target grammar elements of a transformed application, the plurality of target grammars comprising different target grammars of multiple target programming languages, each of the plurality of target grammars specifying syntactic rules governing a corresponding target programming language of the transformed application; receiving a rules set comprising a plurality of rules specifying transformations from at least one source grammar element of the source grammar into at least one target grammar element of the plurality of target grammars; receiving a source input containing at least one source code construct in the source grammar; analyzing, using at least one processor, the received source input to determine a structure for an abstract syntax tree; creating, using the at least one processor, a composite grammar that includes at least one portion of the source grammar of the source programming language and at least one portion of the plurality of target grammars of the multiple target programming languages; generating, using the at least one processor, the abstract syntax tree based at least on an analysis of the source input, wherein the abstract syntax tree represents at least a portion of the composite grammar that includes the at least one portion the source grammar of the source programming language, and at least one portion of a first target grammar of a first target programming language and at least one portion of a second target grammar of a second target programming language, and contains a node having a node annotation that corresponds to a rule of the rules set, the first target grammar being different than the second target grammar; and transforming, using the at least one processor, the generated abstract syntax tree based on at least one rule of the rules set.

11. A method to perform a software application transformation, comprising: receiving a source grammar comprising a plurality of source grammar elements of a source application, the source grammar specifying syntactic rules governing a source programming language of the source application; receiving a plurality of target grammars comprising a plurality of target grammar elements of a transformed application, the plurality of target grammars comprising different target grammars of multiple target programming languages, each of the plurality of target grammars specifying syntactic rules governing a corresponding target programming language of the transformed application; receiving a rules set comprising a plurality of rules specifying transformations from at least one source grammar element of the source grammar into at least one target grammar element of the plurality of target grammars; receiving a source input containing at least one source code construct in the source grammar; analyzing, using at least one processor, the received source input to determine a structure for an abstract syntax tree; creating, using the at least one processor, a composite grammar that includes at least one portion of the source grammar of the source programming language and at least one portion of the plurality of target grammars of the multiple target programming languages; generating, using the at least one processor, the abstract syntax tree based at least on an analysis of the source input, wherein the abstract syntax tree represents at least a portion of the composite grammar that includes the at least one portion the source grammar of the source programming language, and at least one portion of a first target grammar of a first target programming language and at least one portion of a second target grammar of a second target programming language, and contains a node having a node annotation that corresponds to a rule of the rules set, the first target grammar being different than the second target grammar; and transforming, using the at least one processor, the generated abstract syntax tree based on at least one rule of the rules set. 16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the non-grammatical rule is any one of the following: ensure binary compatibility of compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree; minimize execution time of the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree; minimize memory footprint of the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree; ensure security best practices in the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree; minimize run time power draw of the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree; ensure the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree targets one or more tiers of a distributed system; ensure the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree complies with policies of an enterprise; ensure the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree complies with a specified standard; ensure the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree targets a particular multi-core processor configuration; ensure the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree targets a parallel processing platform; ensure the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree targets a collection of refactorings; ensure the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree performs a specified ontological change; ensure the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree performs an injection of missing attributes; and ensure the compiled source code generated from the transformed abstract syntax tree targets a specific chip configuration.

1. A method of non-deterministic word generation from a noise source providing a bit flow, comprising: parallelizing, by a temporary storage device, the bit flow provided by the noise source to obtain first words, each first word having a first number of bits; applying, by a compression circuit, to said first words a compression function providing second words, each second word having a second number of bits, and, separately from applying to said first words a compression function, applying, by a diffusion/confusion circuit, to said first words a diffusion/confusion function providing third words, each third word having a third number of bits, the first words being input to the compression circuit and to the diffusion/confusion circuit in parallel; and selecting a second number of bits from an output of the diffusion/confusion circuit based on an output of the compression circuit, the selecting performed by a selection circuit, wherein the entropy per bit of the noise source is optimized by using the output of the compression circuit to select useful bits in the third words provided by the diffusion/confusion circuit, wherein a drift in the entropy of the noise source can be detected.

1. A method of non-deterministic word generation from a noise source providing a bit flow, comprising: parallelizing, by a temporary storage device, the bit flow provided by the noise source to obtain first words, each first word having a first number of bits; applying, by a compression circuit, to said first words a compression function providing second words, each second word having a second number of bits, and, separately from applying to said first words a compression function, applying, by a diffusion/confusion circuit, to said first words a diffusion/confusion function providing third words, each third word having a third number of bits, the first words being input to the compression circuit and to the diffusion/confusion circuit in parallel; and selecting a second number of bits from an output of the diffusion/confusion circuit based on an output of the compression circuit, the selecting performed by a selection circuit, wherein the entropy per bit of the noise source is optimized by using the output of the compression circuit to select useful bits in the third words provided by the diffusion/confusion circuit, wherein a drift in the entropy of the noise source can be detected. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion/confusion function is a hash function, preferably selected from among functions SHA1 and MD5.

17. An apparatus for producing an audio signal as a replacement for a pre-recorded audio signal synchronized with a pre-recorded video signal, the apparatus comprising: one or more non-transitory computer readable mediums; a database populated with data representing the pre-recorded audio signal synchronized with the pre-recorded video signal, and data indicative of the timing of the pre-recorded audio signal relative to the pre-recorded video signal; means for deriving from the pre-recorded audio signal first feature data encoding audible time-varying acoustic features of a predetermined type and the timing thereof in the pre-recorded audio signal; means for receiving and storing an input audio signal having timing similar to that of the pre-recorded audio signal; means for deriving from the input audio signal second feature data encoding audible time-varying acoustic features of said predetermined type and the timing thereof within the input audio signal; means for determining timing differences existing between the first feature data and the second feature data; means for altering the timing of the acoustic features of the stored input audio signal to match the timing of the corresponding acoustic features of the pre-recorded audio signal and producing thereby an edited replacement audio signal; and means for selecting a start time for starting outputting of the edited replacement audio signal to coincide with a corresponding start time of the pre-recorded audio signal relative to the pre-recorded video signal and for starting muting of the pre-recorded audio signal.

17. An apparatus for producing an audio signal as a replacement for a pre-recorded audio signal synchronized with a pre-recorded video signal, the apparatus comprising: one or more non-transitory computer readable mediums; a database populated with data representing the pre-recorded audio signal synchronized with the pre-recorded video signal, and data indicative of the timing of the pre-recorded audio signal relative to the pre-recorded video signal; means for deriving from the pre-recorded audio signal first feature data encoding audible time-varying acoustic features of a predetermined type and the timing thereof in the pre-recorded audio signal; means for receiving and storing an input audio signal having timing similar to that of the pre-recorded audio signal; means for deriving from the input audio signal second feature data encoding audible time-varying acoustic features of said predetermined type and the timing thereof within the input audio signal; means for determining timing differences existing between the first feature data and the second feature data; means for altering the timing of the acoustic features of the stored input audio signal to match the timing of the corresponding acoustic features of the pre-recorded audio signal and producing thereby an edited replacement audio signal; and means for selecting a start time for starting outputting of the edited replacement audio signal to coincide with a corresponding start time of the pre-recorded audio signal relative to the pre-recorded video signal and for starting muting of the pre-recorded audio signal. 18. An apparatus according to claim 17 , further including means for populating the database with said first feature data.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the root data object is represented in the user-specified query as a named data object.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the root data object is represented in the user-specified query as a named data object. 9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the named data object is followed by an AS clause expression in the user-specified query comprising an alias of the named data object.

9. A method of classifying a payment document, comprising: receiving an image of a payment document captured by a mobile device; extracting at least one feature from the image; comparing the at least one extracted feature with at least one known feature of a payment document type to determine a likelihood that the payment document matches the at least one payment document type, wherein comparing further includes comparing a plurality of extracted features with a plurality of known features in a series, starting with an extracted feature which requires the least computation time of the plurality of extracted features; and classifying the payment document as at least one payment document type based on the likelihood that the payment document matches the at least one payment document type.

9. A method of classifying a payment document, comprising: receiving an image of a payment document captured by a mobile device; extracting at least one feature from the image; comparing the at least one extracted feature with at least one known feature of a payment document type to determine a likelihood that the payment document matches the at least one payment document type, wherein comparing further includes comparing a plurality of extracted features with a plurality of known features in a series, starting with an extracted feature which requires the least computation time of the plurality of extracted features; and classifying the payment document as at least one payment document type based on the likelihood that the payment document matches the at least one payment document type. 10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the at least one extracted feature is a location of a lock icon.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein sending the request for the caller's language preference comprises information from at least one of: a language used while operating the device and a language stored with a caller's account at a common service provider.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein sending the request for the caller's language preference comprises information from at least one of: a language used while operating the device and a language stored with a caller's account at a common service provider. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6 , wherein the language used while operating the device comprises a language extracted from an application running on the caller's device.

11. A diabetes management application residing on a portable computing device, comprising: a structured test module operable to administer a given structured collection procedure to the user of the portable computing device, where the given structured collection procedure specifies one or more collection events for obtaining blood glucose measures for a patient; a logbook configured to store data entries related to diabetes care of the patient, the logbook implemented in a data store on the portable computing device; an input module configured to present a given data entry to the user on a display of the portable computing device and receive modifications to values of the given data entry from the user, where the given data entry is retrieved from the logbook and includes a blood glucose measure and a time at which the blood glucose measure was taken, a membership rule set that defines rules for associating data entries received from the user with structured collection procedures including adherence of date and time and adherence to a previous data entry, where the membership rule set is stored in a data store on the portable computing device; and a membership module configured to receive the modified given data entry from the input module and evaluate the modified given data entry in relation to the given structured collection procedure using the membership rule set, where the input module, the structured test module and the membership module are executed by a computer processor residing on the portable computing device.

11. A diabetes management application residing on a portable computing device, comprising: a structured test module operable to administer a given structured collection procedure to the user of the portable computing device, where the given structured collection procedure specifies one or more collection events for obtaining blood glucose measures for a patient; a logbook configured to store data entries related to diabetes care of the patient, the logbook implemented in a data store on the portable computing device; an input module configured to present a given data entry to the user on a display of the portable computing device and receive modifications to values of the given data entry from the user, where the given data entry is retrieved from the logbook and includes a blood glucose measure and a time at which the blood glucose measure was taken, a membership rule set that defines rules for associating data entries received from the user with structured collection procedures including adherence of date and time and adherence to a previous data entry, where the membership rule set is stored in a data store on the portable computing device; and a membership module configured to receive the modified given data entry from the input module and evaluate the modified given data entry in relation to the given structured collection procedure using the membership rule set, where the input module, the structured test module and the membership module are executed by a computer processor residing on the portable computing device. 12. The diabetes management module of claim 11 wherein the membership module further operates to input the modified data entry into the logbook, wherein the data entry is associated with the given structured collection procedure.