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12. A computer-readable memory storing a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors, the plurality of instructions comprising: instructions that cause the one or more processors to receive a continuous query configured to process data objects, the continuous query including at least one of an identifier of the data stream or an identifier of historical data; instructions that cause the one or more processors to generate a query graph based at least in part on the continuous query; instructions that cause the one or more processors to receive a window size from an entity associated with the data stream; instructions that cause the one or more processors to generate a data object to include at least a portion of the historical data and that is configured to receive incoming events of the data steam that are within a window that corresponds to the window size; instructions that cause the one or more processors to initialize the continuous query with the data object to process at least the portion of the historical data based at least in part on the window size; and instructions that cause the one or more processors to evaluate the data object using the continuous query based at least in part on the historical data.

12. A computer-readable memory storing a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors, the plurality of instructions comprising: instructions that cause the one or more processors to receive a continuous query configured to process data objects, the continuous query including at least one of an identifier of the data stream or an identifier of historical data; instructions that cause the one or more processors to generate a query graph based at least in part on the continuous query; instructions that cause the one or more processors to receive a window size from an entity associated with the data stream; instructions that cause the one or more processors to generate a data object to include at least a portion of the historical data and that is configured to receive incoming events of the data steam that are within a window that corresponds to the window size; instructions that cause the one or more processors to initialize the continuous query with the data object to process at least the portion of the historical data based at least in part on the window size; and instructions that cause the one or more processors to evaluate the data object using the continuous query based at least in part on the historical data. 15. The computer-readable memory of claim 12 , wherein the continuous query is initialized with the at least a portion of the historical data at a stateful operator of the query graph while traversing the query graph topographically from a source of the query graph.

7. In a computer system having a graphical user interface including a display, a method of providing a menu on the display, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a user search input in the form of a series of keystrokes as an indication of a particular task; retrieving a set of candidate tasks bearing a predetermined association with the indication of the particular task, wherein retrieving a set of candidate tasks comprises automatically retrieving a set of candidate tasks with each of the keystrokes; displaying in response to the user search input, on a display device associated with the computer system, each candidate task from said set in association with an indication of a corresponding applet, wherein each candidate task and its indication of a corresponding applet are simultaneously rendered on the display device, and wherein displaying in response to the user input further comprises displaying the set of candidate tasks grouped hierarchically beneath the corresponding applets, displaying a recent tasks access interface, displaying a search access interface, and displaying a plurality of selectable categories, and wherein displaying in response to the user search input still further comprises displaying in response to each of the keystrokes; receiving a menu entry selection signal indicative of a user interface selection device pointing at one of the candidate tasks included in the set; receiving an execution signal indicative of a user selecting said one of the candidate tasks, and in response to the execution signal, updating the graphical user interface with information pertinent to execution of a task associated with said one of the candidate tasks; wherein updating the graphical user interface comprises providing access to a guided help component that is a portion of a particular applet, the guided help component providing guidance for completing said one of the candidate task, the particular applet being an applet that corresponds to the applet indication with which the said one of the candidate tasks is displayed on the display device; wherein each step of the method is executed by a computer processor associated with the computing system, said execution being part of execution of a series of computer-readable instructions embedded on a computer-readable storage medium, and wherein the sequential order of the steps is first receiving a user search input, second retrieving a set of candidate tasks, third displaying in response to the user search input, fourth receiving a menu entry selection signal, and fifth receiving an execution signal.

7. In a computer system having a graphical user interface including a display, a method of providing a menu on the display, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a user search input in the form of a series of keystrokes as an indication of a particular task; retrieving a set of candidate tasks bearing a predetermined association with the indication of the particular task, wherein retrieving a set of candidate tasks comprises automatically retrieving a set of candidate tasks with each of the keystrokes; displaying in response to the user search input, on a display device associated with the computer system, each candidate task from said set in association with an indication of a corresponding applet, wherein each candidate task and its indication of a corresponding applet are simultaneously rendered on the display device, and wherein displaying in response to the user input further comprises displaying the set of candidate tasks grouped hierarchically beneath the corresponding applets, displaying a recent tasks access interface, displaying a search access interface, and displaying a plurality of selectable categories, and wherein displaying in response to the user search input still further comprises displaying in response to each of the keystrokes; receiving a menu entry selection signal indicative of a user interface selection device pointing at one of the candidate tasks included in the set; receiving an execution signal indicative of a user selecting said one of the candidate tasks, and in response to the execution signal, updating the graphical user interface with information pertinent to execution of a task associated with said one of the candidate tasks; wherein updating the graphical user interface comprises providing access to a guided help component that is a portion of a particular applet, the guided help component providing guidance for completing said one of the candidate task, the particular applet being an applet that corresponds to the applet indication with which the said one of the candidate tasks is displayed on the display device; wherein each step of the method is executed by a computer processor associated with the computing system, said execution being part of execution of a series of computer-readable instructions embedded on a computer-readable storage medium, and wherein the sequential order of the steps is first receiving a user search input, second retrieving a set of candidate tasks, third displaying in response to the user search input, fourth receiving a menu entry selection signal, and fifth receiving an execution signal. 14. The method of claim 7 , wherein retrieving a set of candidate tasks comprises utilizing a stemming process to remove letters from the user search input.

14. A computer readable storage device comprising instructions that, when executed by a data processing apparatus, cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising: receiving a search query; identifying a first set of documents that are each (i) responsive to the search query, and (ii) classified as belonging to a first category of documents; identifying a second set of documents that are each (i) responsive to the search query, and (ii) classified as belonging to a second category of documents; determining a relevance of the first set of documents relative to the second set of documents based on (i) a relevance of the documents of the first set to the search query, and (ii) a relevance of the documents of the second set to the search query; determining a layout of a search results page in which links to one or more documents of the first set and links to one or more documents of the second set are to be presented based on the relevance of the first set of documents relative to the second set of documents, comprising: determining, based on the relevance of the first set of documents relative to the second set of documents, a size of a first area of the search results page in which the links to one or more documents of the first set are to be presented; and determining, based on the relevance of the first set of documents relative to the second set of documents, a size of a different, second area of the search results page in which links to one or more documents of the second set are to be presented; and providing, for display, the search results page.

14. A computer readable storage device comprising instructions that, when executed by a data processing apparatus, cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising: receiving a search query; identifying a first set of documents that are each (i) responsive to the search query, and (ii) classified as belonging to a first category of documents; identifying a second set of documents that are each (i) responsive to the search query, and (ii) classified as belonging to a second category of documents; determining a relevance of the first set of documents relative to the second set of documents based on (i) a relevance of the documents of the first set to the search query, and (ii) a relevance of the documents of the second set to the search query; determining a layout of a search results page in which links to one or more documents of the first set and links to one or more documents of the second set are to be presented based on the relevance of the first set of documents relative to the second set of documents, comprising: determining, based on the relevance of the first set of documents relative to the second set of documents, a size of a first area of the search results page in which the links to one or more documents of the first set are to be presented; and determining, based on the relevance of the first set of documents relative to the second set of documents, a size of a different, second area of the search results page in which links to one or more documents of the second set are to be presented; and providing, for display, the search results page. 18. The computer readable storage device of claim 14 , wherein the first area of the search results page includes a first link to a search results page that corresponds to the first category, and the second area of the search results page includes a second link to a search results page that corresponds to the second category.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the image of the text is a given image of a plurality of images representing text and that are related to one another, and wherein determining the valid content boundary within the image of the text comprises: determining the valid content boundary based on one or more of the images that are related to one another.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the image of the text is a given image of a plurality of images representing text and that are related to one another, and wherein determining the valid content boundary within the image of the text comprises: determining the valid content boundary based on one or more of the images that are related to one another. 7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the images correspond to pages within a book.

11. A system for aggregating social media content items from a plurality of social media providers, the system comprising: one or more processors programmed with computer program instructions to: obtain at least a first parameter that specifies one or more geographically definable locations; generate a first request that specifies the one or more geographically definable locations in a first format used by a first social media content provider; generate a second request that specifies the one or more geographically definable locations in a second format used by a second social media content provider; communicate the first request to the first social media content provider; communicate the second request to the second social media content provider; receive a first set of social media content items from the first social media content provider, wherein the first set of social media content items includes at least a first social media content item associated with information that indicates that the first social media item is relevant to one or more geographically definable locations; receive a second set of social media content items from the second social media content provider, wherein the second set of social media content items includes at least a second social media item associated with information that indicates that the second social media content item is relevant to the one or more geographically definable locations; and communicate the at least a portion of the first set of social media content items and at least a portion of the second set of social media content items.

11. A system for aggregating social media content items from a plurality of social media providers, the system comprising: one or more processors programmed with computer program instructions to: obtain at least a first parameter that specifies one or more geographically definable locations; generate a first request that specifies the one or more geographically definable locations in a first format used by a first social media content provider; generate a second request that specifies the one or more geographically definable locations in a second format used by a second social media content provider; communicate the first request to the first social media content provider; communicate the second request to the second social media content provider; receive a first set of social media content items from the first social media content provider, wherein the first set of social media content items includes at least a first social media content item associated with information that indicates that the first social media item is relevant to one or more geographically definable locations; receive a second set of social media content items from the second social media content provider, wherein the second set of social media content items includes at least a second social media item associated with information that indicates that the second social media content item is relevant to the one or more geographically definable locations; and communicate the at least a portion of the first set of social media content items and at least a portion of the second set of social media content items. 19. The system of claim 11 , wherein the one or more processors are further programmed to: perform a data integrity check of the first social media content item; determine whether the first social media content item passes the data integrity check; and remove the first social media content item from the first set of social media content items based on a determination that the first social media content item fails the data integrity check.

15. A program product stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium, which when executed, inserts a description of an image into an audio recording, the non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program code for: interpreting an image, including: applying a template to the image to extract file content; constructing a logical structure from the image; populating the logical structure with the extracted file content; and producing a word description of the image including at least one image keyword from the interpreted image; parsing an audio recording into a plurality of audio clips; producing a transcription of each audio clip; extracting a plurality of noun phrases from the transcription; calculating an importance value for each noun phrase and identifying at least one audio keyword based upon the importance value; calculating a similarity distance between the at least one image keyword and the at least one audio keyword of each audio clip; and selecting the audio clip transcription having a shortest similarity distance to the at least one image keyword as a location to insert the word description of the image.

15. A program product stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium, which when executed, inserts a description of an image into an audio recording, the non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program code for: interpreting an image, including: applying a template to the image to extract file content; constructing a logical structure from the image; populating the logical structure with the extracted file content; and producing a word description of the image including at least one image keyword from the interpreted image; parsing an audio recording into a plurality of audio clips; producing a transcription of each audio clip; extracting a plurality of noun phrases from the transcription; calculating an importance value for each noun phrase and identifying at least one audio keyword based upon the importance value; calculating a similarity distance between the at least one image keyword and the at least one audio keyword of each audio clip; and selecting the audio clip transcription having a shortest similarity distance to the at least one image keyword as a location to insert the word description of the image. 17. The program product of claim 15 , further comprising program code for: providing at least one template to interpret the image, the at least one template including at least one image interpretation component to produce a word description of the image.

17. The computer program product of claim 13 , further comprising displaying the influence of each keyword linearly, and changing the influence of each keyword in accordance with movement of a boundary of each linearly displayed keyword.

17. The computer program product of claim 13 , further comprising displaying the influence of each keyword linearly, and changing the influence of each keyword in accordance with movement of a boundary of each linearly displayed keyword. 18. The computer program product of claim 17 , wherein the information retrieval method further comprises a pointing device, a boundary of a keyword is displayed as a slide bar on the display device, and the influence is changed by operating the slide bar using the pointing device.

15. A computer readable medium storing a computer program for execution by at least one processor, the computer program comprising: a set of instructions for defining a set of objects to be included in a menu theme template for producing a multimedia menu comprising a plurality of user-selectable menu controls for navigating a multimedia presentation, said set of objects comprising a drop zone area object for receiving and displaying content selected by a user while the multimedia menu is being authored, wherein said set of instructions for defining the set of object comprises a set of instructions for defining properties for the set of objects in a menu theme description file; a set of instructions for defining a set of modules for rendering the set of objects, each module providing a particular functionality for rendering a particular object in the set of objects; a set of instructions for defining a set of paths to said set of modules; and a set of instructions for defining a rendering engine for compositing a user-editable version of the menu theme template based on the properties defined in the menu theme description file and the set of objects rendered according to the set of modules, said rendering engine using the set of paths to identify the set of modules, said menu theme template for allowing the user to author the multimedia menu.

15. A computer readable medium storing a computer program for execution by at least one processor, the computer program comprising: a set of instructions for defining a set of objects to be included in a menu theme template for producing a multimedia menu comprising a plurality of user-selectable menu controls for navigating a multimedia presentation, said set of objects comprising a drop zone area object for receiving and displaying content selected by a user while the multimedia menu is being authored, wherein said set of instructions for defining the set of object comprises a set of instructions for defining properties for the set of objects in a menu theme description file; a set of instructions for defining a set of modules for rendering the set of objects, each module providing a particular functionality for rendering a particular object in the set of objects; a set of instructions for defining a set of paths to said set of modules; and a set of instructions for defining a rendering engine for compositing a user-editable version of the menu theme template based on the properties defined in the menu theme description file and the set of objects rendered according to the set of modules, said rendering engine using the set of paths to identify the set of modules, said menu theme template for allowing the user to author the multimedia menu. 24. The computer readable medium of claim 15 , wherein: a particular object in the menu theme template comprises at least two components, and said set of instructions for defining said set of paths comprises a set of instructions for creating a path to multiple sets of data for each component of the particular object, wherein each of said sets of data is for rendering a component of the particular object.

1. One or more computer-readable storage media comprising instructions that are executable to cause a device to perform operations comprising: capturing, using a computing device, audio data, at least some of which is processable for provision to a content recognition service; extracting one or more features from a first portion of the audio data including applying a Hamming window to the first portion of the audio data and further processing the first portion of audio data to extract spectral peak data from the first portion of the audio data; formulating a query for submission to the content recognition service requesting identification of displayable content information associated with the audio data, the query including the one or more features extracted from the first portion of the audio data; submitting the query to the content recognition service; responsive to ascertaining that no displayable content information is received based on the query, submitting one or more subsequent queries to the content recognition service, the one or more subsequent queries comprising at least one of the one or more features extracted from the first portion of the audio data and used to formulate the first query, along with additional features not included in the first query; and terminating said submitting the one or more subsequent queries responsive to receiving the displayable content information from the content recognition service.

1. One or more computer-readable storage media comprising instructions that are executable to cause a device to perform operations comprising: capturing, using a computing device, audio data, at least some of which is processable for provision to a content recognition service; extracting one or more features from a first portion of the audio data including applying a Hamming window to the first portion of the audio data and further processing the first portion of audio data to extract spectral peak data from the first portion of the audio data; formulating a query for submission to the content recognition service requesting identification of displayable content information associated with the audio data, the query including the one or more features extracted from the first portion of the audio data; submitting the query to the content recognition service; responsive to ascertaining that no displayable content information is received based on the query, submitting one or more subsequent queries to the content recognition service, the one or more subsequent queries comprising at least one of the one or more features extracted from the first portion of the audio data and used to formulate the first query, along with additional features not included in the first query; and terminating said submitting the one or more subsequent queries responsive to receiving the displayable content information from the content recognition service. 5. The one or more computer-readable storage media of claim 1 , wherein extracting the one or more features from the first portion of the audio data further comprises: zero padding the first portion of the audio data to which the Hamming window was applied; transforming, using a fast Fourier transform algorithm, the zero-padded audio data; producing a log-power time-frequency spectrum by applying a log power to the audio data to which the fast Fourier transform algorithm was applied; and extracting the spectral peak of each of the one or more features from the log-power time-frequency spectrum.

1. A method, in a data processing hardware system having a processor, comprising: receiving, from a user, a query to a root context of a context tree, the query including a name and value pair; traversing, upon detecting the query to the root context of the context tree, the context tree for a parent context of a subcontext corresponding to the name and value pair; and determining, by the processor, whether the parent context caches all query results.

1. A method, in a data processing hardware system having a processor, comprising: receiving, from a user, a query to a root context of a context tree, the query including a name and value pair; traversing, upon detecting the query to the root context of the context tree, the context tree for a parent context of a subcontext corresponding to the name and value pair; and determining, by the processor, whether the parent context caches all query results. 2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: repeating, upon the parent context not caching all query results, the traversing for one or more next parent contexts of the subcontext until a root context is encountered; issuing, responsive to encountering the root context, the query to a database for the name and value pair; and caching a result of the query to the database in a new context.

15. The shoe assembly of claim 14 , wherein the pattern of material attached to the first panel to simulate the portion of the palm is unitarily formed as a first pattern of material, and is unitarily formed with a second pattern of material attached to the first panel to simulate the at least three simulated digits of the hand.

15. The shoe assembly of claim 14 , wherein the pattern of material attached to the first panel to simulate the portion of the palm is unitarily formed as a first pattern of material, and is unitarily formed with a second pattern of material attached to the first panel to simulate the at least three simulated digits of the hand. 16. The shoe assembly of claim 15 , wherein the first panel is at least partially bounded by a toe portion of the upper, a heel portion of the upper, the sole assembly, and an eyelet portion of the upper, wherein the hand gesture element extends from the sole assembly to the eyelet portion of the upper.

1. A system comprising: a speaker to output audio information; an interviewee interface to communicate with an interviewee display device; a processor and a memory accessible to the processor, the memory comprising instructions executable by the processor to: determine an interviewee language from a plurality of languages through interviewee input into an interviewee system; store collected data and data related to the determined interviewee language; receive interviewee information associated with a topic selection from an interviewer system in response to a prompt conveyed to the interviewee system from the interviewer system wherein the interviewer system comprises an interviewer interface to communicate with an interviewer display device wherein the interviewee information includes a first interviewee information item and a second interviewee information item; provide the first interviewee information item to the speaker for acoustic output in the interviewee language, and provide the second interviewee information item to the interviewee interface to communicate with the interviewee display device; a first logic system responsive to the interviewee language and configured to automatically prompt the interviewee with questions having possible answers that are culturally associated with the interviewee language and wherein the logic is responsive to answers to said questions for prompting the interviewee with additional questions; and wherein the interviewee and interviewer language is not the same and the interviewee interface to communicate with the interviewee display device displays input received from the interviewer interface to communicate with the interviewer display device; and the interviewee interface receives input from the interviewee.

1. A system comprising: a speaker to output audio information; an interviewee interface to communicate with an interviewee display device; a processor and a memory accessible to the processor, the memory comprising instructions executable by the processor to: determine an interviewee language from a plurality of languages through interviewee input into an interviewee system; store collected data and data related to the determined interviewee language; receive interviewee information associated with a topic selection from an interviewer system in response to a prompt conveyed to the interviewee system from the interviewer system wherein the interviewer system comprises an interviewer interface to communicate with an interviewer display device wherein the interviewee information includes a first interviewee information item and a second interviewee information item; provide the first interviewee information item to the speaker for acoustic output in the interviewee language, and provide the second interviewee information item to the interviewee interface to communicate with the interviewee display device; a first logic system responsive to the interviewee language and configured to automatically prompt the interviewee with questions having possible answers that are culturally associated with the interviewee language and wherein the logic is responsive to answers to said questions for prompting the interviewee with additional questions; and wherein the interviewee and interviewer language is not the same and the interviewee interface to communicate with the interviewee display device displays input received from the interviewer interface to communicate with the interviewer display device; and the interviewee interface receives input from the interviewee. 8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a second logic system adapted to: interpret an interviewer information item associated with a topic selection from the interviewer system into an interpreted information item in the interviewee language, and provide the interpreted information item to the speaker.

1. A method comprising: (i) for each of a plurality of client devices, storing a corresponding client profile at a server, each corresponding client profile comprising a font capabilities list for a respective one of the plurality of client devices, each font capabilities list comprising a list of fonts for which the respective client device has font structure data stored in a client font data store of the respective client device, the font structure data defining the structure in which text formatted with the respective font is to be rendered on the respective client device; (ii) receiving an electronic data transfer at the server, addressed to a designated one of the plurality of client devices, the electronic data transfer comprising text data and one or more font identifiers identifying one or more fonts to use to render the text data on the designated one of the plurality of client devices; (iii) comparing the one or more font identifiers in the electronic data transfer with a current version of the fonts in the capabilities list stored by the server for the designated device, to determine fonts in the electronic data transfer for which the designated device lacks font structure data; (iv) transferring, from the server to the designated device, the font structure data of the fonts determined to be lacked by the designated device and the text data, wherein the font structure data lacked by the designated device and the text data are included in the same electronic data transfer, and wherein the designated device stores the received font structure data in the client font data store; and (v) updating the font capabilities list stored by the server for the designated device to include, in a new version of the font capabilities list, the fonts whose font structure data are transferred to the designated device.

1. A method comprising: (i) for each of a plurality of client devices, storing a corresponding client profile at a server, each corresponding client profile comprising a font capabilities list for a respective one of the plurality of client devices, each font capabilities list comprising a list of fonts for which the respective client device has font structure data stored in a client font data store of the respective client device, the font structure data defining the structure in which text formatted with the respective font is to be rendered on the respective client device; (ii) receiving an electronic data transfer at the server, addressed to a designated one of the plurality of client devices, the electronic data transfer comprising text data and one or more font identifiers identifying one or more fonts to use to render the text data on the designated one of the plurality of client devices; (iii) comparing the one or more font identifiers in the electronic data transfer with a current version of the fonts in the capabilities list stored by the server for the designated device, to determine fonts in the electronic data transfer for which the designated device lacks font structure data; (iv) transferring, from the server to the designated device, the font structure data of the fonts determined to be lacked by the designated device and the text data, wherein the font structure data lacked by the designated device and the text data are included in the same electronic data transfer, and wherein the designated device stores the received font structure data in the client font data store; and (v) updating the font capabilities list stored by the server for the designated device to include, in a new version of the font capabilities list, the fonts whose font structure data are transferred to the designated device. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of client devices are wireless mobile communication devices.

13. A method in a computer system for locating items offered for purchase via an online store, the method comprising: providing a plurality of classifications of items offered for purchase via an online store, each item having terms describing the item; receiving a search query relating to an item to be located, the search query including one or more query terms; searching the terms describing the plurality of items to find items matching the search query; after finding the matching items, identifying classifications corresponding to each of the matching items; determining one or more classification names of the identified classifications that contain at least one of the one or more query terms; selecting as search results at least a subset of the identified classifications that contain items whose terms most closely match the received search query; obtaining, from an index, a set of entries for the classifications, each entry containing a collection of terms that appear in the name of a classification and the terms that appear in the items within said classification, each entry being associated with a priority based on a field in which said terms of the entry appear; and generating a page for displaying the search results and arranging the search results on the page in an order such that any classification containing at least one of the one or more query terms in the classification name of said classification is assigned higher priority on the page than classifications that contain the matching items but do not contain at least one of the one or more query terms in the classification name of the classification, wherein the index is used to arrange the identified classifications in said order and wherein arranging the identified classifications on the page in said order includes adjusting for the priority of the entries in the index.

13. A method in a computer system for locating items offered for purchase via an online store, the method comprising: providing a plurality of classifications of items offered for purchase via an online store, each item having terms describing the item; receiving a search query relating to an item to be located, the search query including one or more query terms; searching the terms describing the plurality of items to find items matching the search query; after finding the matching items, identifying classifications corresponding to each of the matching items; determining one or more classification names of the identified classifications that contain at least one of the one or more query terms; selecting as search results at least a subset of the identified classifications that contain items whose terms most closely match the received search query; obtaining, from an index, a set of entries for the classifications, each entry containing a collection of terms that appear in the name of a classification and the terms that appear in the items within said classification, each entry being associated with a priority based on a field in which said terms of the entry appear; and generating a page for displaying the search results and arranging the search results on the page in an order such that any classification containing at least one of the one or more query terms in the classification name of said classification is assigned higher priority on the page than classifications that contain the matching items but do not contain at least one of the one or more query terms in the classification name of the classification, wherein the index is used to arrange the identified classifications in said order and wherein arranging the identified classifications on the page in said order includes adjusting for the priority of the entries in the index. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the classifications are hierarchical.

1. An image learning method comprising: performing a segmentation operation on a first image having annotations to segment the first image into one or more image regions; extracting image feature vectors and text feature vectors from all the image regions to obtain an image feature matrix and a text feature matrix; projecting the image feature matrix and the text feature matrix into a sub-space so as to maximize covariance between an image feature and a text feature, thereby obtaining the projected image feature matrix and the text feature matrix; storing the projected image feature matrix and the text feature matrix; establishing first links between the image regions based on the projected image feature matrix; establishing second links between the first image and the image regions based on a result of the segmentation operation; establishing third links between the first image and the annotations based on the first image having the annotations; establishing fourth links between the annotations based on the projected text feature matrix; calculating weights of all the links; obtaining a graph showing a triangular relationship between the first image, the image regions, and the annotations based on all the links and the weights of the links corresponding to the links; and providing a storage device and a processor, and wherein the step of storing the projected image feature and text feature matrices includes the step of storing information in the storage device, and wherein the step of calculating weights includes the step of using the processor.

1. An image learning method comprising: performing a segmentation operation on a first image having annotations to segment the first image into one or more image regions; extracting image feature vectors and text feature vectors from all the image regions to obtain an image feature matrix and a text feature matrix; projecting the image feature matrix and the text feature matrix into a sub-space so as to maximize covariance between an image feature and a text feature, thereby obtaining the projected image feature matrix and the text feature matrix; storing the projected image feature matrix and the text feature matrix; establishing first links between the image regions based on the projected image feature matrix; establishing second links between the first image and the image regions based on a result of the segmentation operation; establishing third links between the first image and the annotations based on the first image having the annotations; establishing fourth links between the annotations based on the projected text feature matrix; calculating weights of all the links; obtaining a graph showing a triangular relationship between the first image, the image regions, and the annotations based on all the links and the weights of the links corresponding to the links; and providing a storage device and a processor, and wherein the step of storing the projected image feature and text feature matrices includes the step of storing information in the storage device, and wherein the step of calculating weights includes the step of using the processor. 2. The image learning method according to claim 1 , wherein, in the segmentation operation, the first image is segmented into rectangular blocks, multi-resolution quad-tree sub-blocks, or non-overlapping homogeneous regions with an image segmentation algorithm.

1. A document rating calculation system comprising: a first information processing apparatus including, an item information database that stores a mutual dependent relationship based on topics represented by each item, among the items into which a document is divided and a rating for each of the items which is calculated based on a predetermined criterion; a document retrieval unit that electronically retrieves a document fulfilling a given retrieval condition, and, for each condition item of the retrieval condition, specifies an item fulfilling the condition item in the retrieved document; a related item selection unit that, for each condition item of the retrieval condition, i) specifies an item related to the item fulfilling the condition item for each item fulfilling the condition item and specified by the document retrieval unit in the document retrieved by the document retrieval unit, based on the mutual dependent relationship among the items which is stored in the item information database, and ii) selects a set of related items including the item fulfilling the condition item and the item specified and related to the item fulfilling the condition item; a fulfilling-item set specifying unit that performs a logical operation of the retrieval condition between sets of related items selected by the related item selection unit to specify a set of items fulfilling the retrieval condition; and a score calculation unit that calculates a document rating of the document fulfilling the retrieval condition based on the ratings of items stored in the item information database and included in the set of fulfilling items specified by the fulfilling-item set specifying unit, wherein the item information database stores a value calculated based on a predetermined degree of account for a number of elements included in an item of the document and a type of the elements, as the rating of the item, wherein the types of elements included in the items of the document include any combination of a sentence, a figure, a table, an equation, an emphasis expression, a citation and a key word, and the item information database stores a value calculated based on a sum of product of a number of elements for each of the types of the elements included in the items of the document, a predetermined index for each of the types of the elements, and a predetermined weight set for the index, as a rating for each of the items.

1. A document rating calculation system comprising: a first information processing apparatus including, an item information database that stores a mutual dependent relationship based on topics represented by each item, among the items into which a document is divided and a rating for each of the items which is calculated based on a predetermined criterion; a document retrieval unit that electronically retrieves a document fulfilling a given retrieval condition, and, for each condition item of the retrieval condition, specifies an item fulfilling the condition item in the retrieved document; a related item selection unit that, for each condition item of the retrieval condition, i) specifies an item related to the item fulfilling the condition item for each item fulfilling the condition item and specified by the document retrieval unit in the document retrieved by the document retrieval unit, based on the mutual dependent relationship among the items which is stored in the item information database, and ii) selects a set of related items including the item fulfilling the condition item and the item specified and related to the item fulfilling the condition item; a fulfilling-item set specifying unit that performs a logical operation of the retrieval condition between sets of related items selected by the related item selection unit to specify a set of items fulfilling the retrieval condition; and a score calculation unit that calculates a document rating of the document fulfilling the retrieval condition based on the ratings of items stored in the item information database and included in the set of fulfilling items specified by the fulfilling-item set specifying unit, wherein the item information database stores a value calculated based on a predetermined degree of account for a number of elements included in an item of the document and a type of the elements, as the rating of the item, wherein the types of elements included in the items of the document include any combination of a sentence, a figure, a table, an equation, an emphasis expression, a citation and a key word, and the item information database stores a value calculated based on a sum of product of a number of elements for each of the types of the elements included in the items of the document, a predetermined index for each of the types of the elements, and a predetermined weight set for the index, as a rating for each of the items. 13. The document rating calculation system according to claim 1 , wherein the item information database stores a document reference history for each document, and the document rating calculation system comprises: reference score calculation unit that calculates a reference rating of a document based on the reference history of a document fulfilling the retrieval condition which is retrieved by the retrieval unit; and score integration unit that integrates the document rating calculated by the score calculation unit and the reference rating calculated by the reference score calculation unit to calculate an integrated rating of the document.

1. A method, implemented by a computing device, comprising: in parallel with a normal execution of software being tested, performing a symbolic execution of the software being tested to identify one or more path constraints in the software; injecting one or more issue constraints into the software wherein each issue constraint is associated with at least one of the one or more path constraints and comprises a coded formula inserted into the software being tested; solving the one or more issue constraints and the one or more path constraints using a constraint solver, the solving including providing at least one assignment that satisfies the one or more issue constraints and the one or more path constraints, wherein an existence of a solution to the one or more issue constraints and the one or more path constraints indicates a potential failure of the software; based at least in part on the solving, generating at least one test input for testing the software based on the at least one assignment; and testing the software using the at least one test input to check for one or more violations of the injected one or more issue constraints, wherein the testing of the software using the at least one test input extends normal execution checking by checking for one or more issue constraint violations for program executions of the software that follow a same program path.

1. A method, implemented by a computing device, comprising: in parallel with a normal execution of software being tested, performing a symbolic execution of the software being tested to identify one or more path constraints in the software; injecting one or more issue constraints into the software wherein each issue constraint is associated with at least one of the one or more path constraints and comprises a coded formula inserted into the software being tested; solving the one or more issue constraints and the one or more path constraints using a constraint solver, the solving including providing at least one assignment that satisfies the one or more issue constraints and the one or more path constraints, wherein an existence of a solution to the one or more issue constraints and the one or more path constraints indicates a potential failure of the software; based at least in part on the solving, generating at least one test input for testing the software based on the at least one assignment; and testing the software using the at least one test input to check for one or more violations of the injected one or more issue constraints, wherein the testing of the software using the at least one test input extends normal execution checking by checking for one or more issue constraint violations for program executions of the software that follow a same program path. 3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more path constraints comprise a sequence of constraints on input to the software.

1. A method for dynamically binding a user interface to information stored in a data source, comprising: displaying a user interface, wherein the user interface is operable to display information in a web page, wherein the information is stored in a first data source on a business object, collect additional information from a user, and store the additional information in the first data source on the business object; providing a data binding tag that defines a rendering boundary within the web page for rendering the information, and rules to be applied when the information is rendered, wherein the data binding tag includes a plurality of attributes; specifying, by the data binding tag, a first action which includes reading or updating the information stored in the first data source, wherein at least one of the attributes is associated with the first action; specifying the first data source associated with the first action using a script; and rendering each item in the first data source on the web page in the user interface with a markup language according to the boundary and the rules defined by the data binding tag and based on the first action, including evaluation of the script.

1. A method for dynamically binding a user interface to information stored in a data source, comprising: displaying a user interface, wherein the user interface is operable to display information in a web page, wherein the information is stored in a first data source on a business object, collect additional information from a user, and store the additional information in the first data source on the business object; providing a data binding tag that defines a rendering boundary within the web page for rendering the information, and rules to be applied when the information is rendered, wherein the data binding tag includes a plurality of attributes; specifying, by the data binding tag, a first action which includes reading or updating the information stored in the first data source, wherein at least one of the attributes is associated with the first action; specifying the first data source associated with the first action using a script; and rendering each item in the first data source on the web page in the user interface with a markup language according to the boundary and the rules defined by the data binding tag and based on the first action, including evaluation of the script. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein: the markup language can include at least one of: Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Dynamic HTML, Extensible HTML, and Extensible Markup Language.

10. A method of managing structured document comprising: accepting input of structured document data having a hierarchical logic structure; executing a syntax analysis of the structured document data, and converting structure information in the structured document data into structure stream data as one-dimensional sequence data by arranging unique identification information which is a summary of hierarchical structure information of the structured document data, wherein the unique identification information of guide nodes corresponds to nodes that pass when depth-prioritized tracing is performed from a route node of the structured document data using the structured guide data, the structured guide data contains a guide node where the unique identification information is allocated; storing the structure stream data in a structure stream data storage unit; accepting input of query data; creating a path pattern processing table which specifies a processing procedure specialized for the query data by executing a syntax analysis of the accepted query data and creating a primary structure graph in which a relationship between tags is expressed by a tree format, and collating the primary structure graph and the structured guide data, converting the primary structure graph and the structured guide data into the unique identification information, and creating a secondary structure graph where unnecessary nodes are removed, the path pattern processing table including: an Entry Table which has a sequence element corresponding to the unique identification information and executes a process corresponding to the unique identification information; a Place which is a storage area for holding a queue of Tokens as intermediate data, the Place representing a position of the unique identification information; and a Trans which connects one Place and another Place and flows a Token held at a high-order Place to a low-order Place, the path pattern processing table being created by pasting the process corresponding to the unique identification information of the Entry Table and linking the Place and the Trans recursively from the route node to a terminal node of the secondary structure graph; and acquiring the structure stream data from the structure stream data storage unit and giving the structure stream to the path pattern processing table so as to execute the processing procedure.

10. A method of managing structured document comprising: accepting input of structured document data having a hierarchical logic structure; executing a syntax analysis of the structured document data, and converting structure information in the structured document data into structure stream data as one-dimensional sequence data by arranging unique identification information which is a summary of hierarchical structure information of the structured document data, wherein the unique identification information of guide nodes corresponds to nodes that pass when depth-prioritized tracing is performed from a route node of the structured document data using the structured guide data, the structured guide data contains a guide node where the unique identification information is allocated; storing the structure stream data in a structure stream data storage unit; accepting input of query data; creating a path pattern processing table which specifies a processing procedure specialized for the query data by executing a syntax analysis of the accepted query data and creating a primary structure graph in which a relationship between tags is expressed by a tree format, and collating the primary structure graph and the structured guide data, converting the primary structure graph and the structured guide data into the unique identification information, and creating a secondary structure graph where unnecessary nodes are removed, the path pattern processing table including: an Entry Table which has a sequence element corresponding to the unique identification information and executes a process corresponding to the unique identification information; a Place which is a storage area for holding a queue of Tokens as intermediate data, the Place representing a position of the unique identification information; and a Trans which connects one Place and another Place and flows a Token held at a high-order Place to a low-order Place, the path pattern processing table being created by pasting the process corresponding to the unique identification information of the Entry Table and linking the Place and the Trans recursively from the route node to a terminal node of the secondary structure graph; and acquiring the structure stream data from the structure stream data storage unit and giving the structure stream to the path pattern processing table so as to execute the processing procedure. 13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein a procedure for skipping a portion of the structure stream data is incorporated in the path pattern processing table when the structure information appears due to statistics information of the structured document data.

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: obtaining a plurality of document-query pairs associated with a website, each of the document-query pairs being associated with a respective query, a respective document from the website, and respective user feedback data for the respective document as a search result for the respective query; assigning each of the plurality of document-query pairs to one of a plurality of partitions according to an information retrieval score of a document for the respective query of the pair, each partition being defined by a distinct respective information retrieval score range; aggregating the respective user feedback data associated with the document-query pairs in two or more of the partitions, wherein at least one of the partitions represents aggregated user feedback data from a plurality of different document-query pairs; determining a first distribution of the aggregated user feedback data among the two or more partitions; calculating a skew of the first distribution; determining an indication of quality of the website based on at least the calculated skew of the first distribution; and providing the indication of quality of the website as an input for ranking documents from the website as search results.

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: obtaining a plurality of document-query pairs associated with a website, each of the document-query pairs being associated with a respective query, a respective document from the website, and respective user feedback data for the respective document as a search result for the respective query; assigning each of the plurality of document-query pairs to one of a plurality of partitions according to an information retrieval score of a document for the respective query of the pair, each partition being defined by a distinct respective information retrieval score range; aggregating the respective user feedback data associated with the document-query pairs in two or more of the partitions, wherein at least one of the partitions represents aggregated user feedback data from a plurality of different document-query pairs; determining a first distribution of the aggregated user feedback data among the two or more partitions; calculating a skew of the first distribution; determining an indication of quality of the website based on at least the calculated skew of the first distribution; and providing the indication of quality of the website as an input for ranking documents from the website as search results. 9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising assigning each of the plurality of document-query pairs to one of a plurality of second partitions according to a measure of commerciality of the respective query of the document-query pair, each second partition being defined by a distinct respective measure of commerciality range.

9. A system for document discovery, comprising: a data repository storing a plurality of electronic documents, wherein each of the plurality of electronic documents comprises searchable metadata; a computer processor connected to the data repository that: receives a scan of a physical copy of a document comprising a non-text object; determines a first tag for the non-text object by comparing the non-text object with a plurality of templates comprising a plurality of tags, wherein the first tag defines a portion of the non-text object in an original file and specifies a type of the non-text object and a formatting attribute of the non-text object; generates, based on the first tag, non-text object metadata comprising composition information comprising the type and the formatting attribute for the non-text object; searches the plurality of electronic documents stored in the data repository with a search query comprising the non-text object metadata; compares the non-text object metadata with the searchable metadata; and provides a location of the original file to a user when the non-text object metadata in the search query matches the searchable metadata of the original file.

9. A system for document discovery, comprising: a data repository storing a plurality of electronic documents, wherein each of the plurality of electronic documents comprises searchable metadata; a computer processor connected to the data repository that: receives a scan of a physical copy of a document comprising a non-text object; determines a first tag for the non-text object by comparing the non-text object with a plurality of templates comprising a plurality of tags, wherein the first tag defines a portion of the non-text object in an original file and specifies a type of the non-text object and a formatting attribute of the non-text object; generates, based on the first tag, non-text object metadata comprising composition information comprising the type and the formatting attribute for the non-text object; searches the plurality of electronic documents stored in the data repository with a search query comprising the non-text object metadata; compares the non-text object metadata with the searchable metadata; and provides a location of the original file to a user when the non-text object metadata in the search query matches the searchable metadata of the original file. 16. The system of claim 9 , wherein the searching further comprises using standard text discovered in the document through Optical Character Recognition (OCR).

29. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs for execution by one or more processors of a computer system, the computer readable storage medium being non-transitory, the one or more programs in the computer readable storage medium comprising: instructions for receiving a plurality of messages directed to a user, each message having a unique message identifier; instructions for associating each of the plurality of messages with a respective conversation, each conversation having a respective conversation identifier, wherein each conversation comprises a set of one or more messages sharing a common set of characteristics that meet first predefined criteria and the respective conversation identifier is distinct from a subject reference of the one or more messages in the respective conversation; instructions for associating with each conversation a set of senders of messages included in the conversation; and instructions for displaying a list of conversations in an order determined in accordance with second predefined criteria, each conversation being represented as a single item in the list, wherein a plurality of conversations in the list of conversations each include a plurality of messages that share a common set of characteristics that meet the first predefined criteria; wherein the list of conversations comprises a set of rows, each row corresponding to one of the listed conversations and including at least a sender list, a conversation topic and a date/time value, wherein the sender list of a row in the list of conversations includes identifiers of one or more senders of at least one message in the corresponding conversation, including identifiers of a plurality of the senders in the set of senders, but less than all of the senders in the set of senders, when the set of senders exceeds a predefined limit.

29. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs for execution by one or more processors of a computer system, the computer readable storage medium being non-transitory, the one or more programs in the computer readable storage medium comprising: instructions for receiving a plurality of messages directed to a user, each message having a unique message identifier; instructions for associating each of the plurality of messages with a respective conversation, each conversation having a respective conversation identifier, wherein each conversation comprises a set of one or more messages sharing a common set of characteristics that meet first predefined criteria and the respective conversation identifier is distinct from a subject reference of the one or more messages in the respective conversation; instructions for associating with each conversation a set of senders of messages included in the conversation; and instructions for displaying a list of conversations in an order determined in accordance with second predefined criteria, each conversation being represented as a single item in the list, wherein a plurality of conversations in the list of conversations each include a plurality of messages that share a common set of characteristics that meet the first predefined criteria; wherein the list of conversations comprises a set of rows, each row corresponding to one of the listed conversations and including at least a sender list, a conversation topic and a date/time value, wherein the sender list of a row in the list of conversations includes identifiers of one or more senders of at least one message in the corresponding conversation, including identifiers of a plurality of the senders in the set of senders, but less than all of the senders in the set of senders, when the set of senders exceeds a predefined limit. 54. The computer readable storage medium of claim 29 , wherein each row in the list of conversations comprises said single item representing a respective conversation, and the sender list of at least one respective conversation in the list of conversations identifies two or more distinct senders of messages in the respective conversation.

1. A method of learning a second language through the guidance of pictures that enables users to learn multiple languages through computers, comprising: providing a text input interface allowing users to input a plurality of input words; searching for a plurality of pictures corresponding to the plurality of input words, wherein the plurality of pictures are used to express the plurality of input words; searching for a plurality of output words corresponding to the plurality of input words, wherein the plurality of output words are used to express the plurality of input words; and providing a picture/text interface capable of displaying: a plurality of input words, a plurality of output words, and a plurality of pictures.

1. A method of learning a second language through the guidance of pictures that enables users to learn multiple languages through computers, comprising: providing a text input interface allowing users to input a plurality of input words; searching for a plurality of pictures corresponding to the plurality of input words, wherein the plurality of pictures are used to express the plurality of input words; searching for a plurality of output words corresponding to the plurality of input words, wherein the plurality of output words are used to express the plurality of input words; and providing a picture/text interface capable of displaying: a plurality of input words, a plurality of output words, and a plurality of pictures. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising: providing an input language option interface capable of displaying a plurality of input languages from which users can choose one as an appointed input language of the input words; and providing an output language option interface capable of displaying a plurality of output languages from which users can choose one as an appointed output language of the output words.

1. A computer-implemented method relating to providing content on a page, the method comprising: receiving information for providing content for an access device in response to a navigation from a first page to a second page, the content to be included in the second page; accessing query information stored on the access device, the query information including a first query that was submitted from the access device to a search provider before navigating to the first page; and providing the content for inclusion in the second page, the content selected using at least the received information and the accessed query information.

1. A computer-implemented method relating to providing content on a page, the method comprising: receiving information for providing content for an access device in response to a navigation from a first page to a second page, the content to be included in the second page; accessing query information stored on the access device, the query information including a first query that was submitted from the access device to a search provider before navigating to the first page; and providing the content for inclusion in the second page, the content selected using at least the received information and the accessed query information. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the content includes at least one advertisement to be presented on the second page.

1. An expression selection and modification apparatus including a processor comprising: a memory that contains a plurality of pre-stored multi-word example expressions, each example expression including at least one editable portion, said example expressions being stored in said memory prior to a current use of said apparatus by a user; a deciding module configured to select one of said pre-stored example expressions to be presented to the user from among the pre-stored example expressions based on the current use being made of the apparatus determined by a physical activity association with the current location, but not the language spoken at that location, as a presentation example expression; an editing storage module configured to store, upon the edit by the user to the editable portion of one of the example expressions, words of the one of the example expression before the edit and words thereof after the edit; an editing adapting module configured to adjust the presentation example expression by replacing the words of the presentation example expression before the edit with the words thereof after the edit; a display control module configured to present the presentation example expression adjusted by the edition adaptation module; and an entry accepting module configured to provide the option to: accept the unedited presentation example expression for further processing upon a selection of it by the user; or accept the edited presentation example expression for further processing upon the edit of it by the user.

1. An expression selection and modification apparatus including a processor comprising: a memory that contains a plurality of pre-stored multi-word example expressions, each example expression including at least one editable portion, said example expressions being stored in said memory prior to a current use of said apparatus by a user; a deciding module configured to select one of said pre-stored example expressions to be presented to the user from among the pre-stored example expressions based on the current use being made of the apparatus determined by a physical activity association with the current location, but not the language spoken at that location, as a presentation example expression; an editing storage module configured to store, upon the edit by the user to the editable portion of one of the example expressions, words of the one of the example expression before the edit and words thereof after the edit; an editing adapting module configured to adjust the presentation example expression by replacing the words of the presentation example expression before the edit with the words thereof after the edit; a display control module configured to present the presentation example expression adjusted by the edition adaptation module; and an entry accepting module configured to provide the option to: accept the unedited presentation example expression for further processing upon a selection of it by the user; or accept the edited presentation example expression for further processing upon the edit of it by the user. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the editing storage module includes an association of a wording of the portion to be edited in the presentation example before editing with the user edit of that portion, and of the portion to be edited in the presentation example by said associated user edit; the editing adapting module permits editing of an example of expression stored in said example storage module including the wording of the portion to be edited by replacing that wording with the associated user edit.

1. A computer implemented method of searching for and presenting content items as an arrangement of one or more concept clusters to facilitate further search and navigation using at least one of a display-constrained display device and/or an input-constrained input device, the method comprising: accessing an electronically-readable storage medium containing a candidate set of content items; organizing at least some content items of the candidate set of content items into a hierarchical set of concept clusters, wherein at least two concept clusters in the hierarchical set of concept clusters each includes a respective set of content items, wherein the content items within each of the respective sets are related by one or more common themes or information types, and wherein at least one concept cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters has one or more cluster identifiers, and wherein at least one concept cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters is a parent cluster and comprises a child cluster; and receiving user input comprising more than one search term; identifying a concept cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters that has one or more cluster identifiers matching the user input, wherein the concept cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters having one or more cluster identifiers matching the user input is a parent cluster of a child cluster having a child cluster identifier; generating a flattened cluster based on a combination of the parent cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters having one or more cluster identifiers matching the user input and the child cluster of the parent cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters having one or more cluster identifiers matching the user input; and presenting the flattened cluster on the display device.

1. A computer implemented method of searching for and presenting content items as an arrangement of one or more concept clusters to facilitate further search and navigation using at least one of a display-constrained display device and/or an input-constrained input device, the method comprising: accessing an electronically-readable storage medium containing a candidate set of content items; organizing at least some content items of the candidate set of content items into a hierarchical set of concept clusters, wherein at least two concept clusters in the hierarchical set of concept clusters each includes a respective set of content items, wherein the content items within each of the respective sets are related by one or more common themes or information types, and wherein at least one concept cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters has one or more cluster identifiers, and wherein at least one concept cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters is a parent cluster and comprises a child cluster; and receiving user input comprising more than one search term; identifying a concept cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters that has one or more cluster identifiers matching the user input, wherein the concept cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters having one or more cluster identifiers matching the user input is a parent cluster of a child cluster having a child cluster identifier; generating a flattened cluster based on a combination of the parent cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters having one or more cluster identifiers matching the user input and the child cluster of the parent cluster in the hierarchical set of concept clusters having one or more cluster identifiers matching the user input; and presenting the flattened cluster on the display device. 7. The method of claim 1 , wherein presenting the flattened cluster is based at least in part on a combination of the one or more cluster identifiers matching the user input and the child cluster identifier.

11. A method of providing assistance with reporting, comprising; with one or more computer processors, associating a structured data element of a structured document with an associated part of a report, wherein the report comprises text in a natural language, and wherein information represented by the structured data element corresponds to information represented by the associated part of the report; with the one or more computer processors, determining a change to one of the structured data element and the associated part of the report, to obtain a determined change; and with the one or more computer processors, making a corresponding change to the other one of the structured data element and the associated part of the report, based on the determined change, wherein the determined change includes inserting a representation of information into the one of the structured data element of the structured document and the associated part of the report, and wherein making the corresponding change includes inserting a corresponding representation of information into the other one of the structured data element and the associated part of the report, and wherein making the corresponding change includes converting the inserted representation of information, being a new structured data element, by applying natural language generation to generate a piece of natural language suitable for insertion into the associated part of the report.

11. A method of providing assistance with reporting, comprising; with one or more computer processors, associating a structured data element of a structured document with an associated part of a report, wherein the report comprises text in a natural language, and wherein information represented by the structured data element corresponds to information represented by the associated part of the report; with the one or more computer processors, determining a change to one of the structured data element and the associated part of the report, to obtain a determined change; and with the one or more computer processors, making a corresponding change to the other one of the structured data element and the associated part of the report, based on the determined change, wherein the determined change includes inserting a representation of information into the one of the structured data element of the structured document and the associated part of the report, and wherein making the corresponding change includes inserting a corresponding representation of information into the other one of the structured data element and the associated part of the report, and wherein making the corresponding change includes converting the inserted representation of information, being a new structured data element, by applying natural language generation to generate a piece of natural language suitable for insertion into the associated part of the report. 13. A workstation including one or more computer processors programmed to perform the method according to claim 11 .

20. A deflection rod system that can be used with a bone implant system comprising: a first rod with first and second ends, wherein said first and second ends are adapted to be secured to opposite pedicles of a first vertebra by the bone implant system; a first vertical rod adapted to span from the first vertebra to a second vertebra and a second vertical rod adapted to span from the first vertebra to the second vertebra; a connector extending from said first rod substantially midway between the first and second ends; a deflection rod connected by the connector to the first rod substantially parallel to said first rod; the deflection rod having a first deflectable end connected by a first pivotable connector to the first vertical rod, and a second deflectable end connected by a second pivotable connector to the second vertical rod; and wherein said deflection rod is comprised of a super elastic material.

20. A deflection rod system that can be used with a bone implant system comprising: a first rod with first and second ends, wherein said first and second ends are adapted to be secured to opposite pedicles of a first vertebra by the bone implant system; a first vertical rod adapted to span from the first vertebra to a second vertebra and a second vertical rod adapted to span from the first vertebra to the second vertebra; a connector extending from said first rod substantially midway between the first and second ends; a deflection rod connected by the connector to the first rod substantially parallel to said first rod; the deflection rod having a first deflectable end connected by a first pivotable connector to the first vertical rod, and a second deflectable end connected by a second pivotable connector to the second vertical rod; and wherein said deflection rod is comprised of a super elastic material. 21. The deflection rod system of claim 20 , wherein said deflection rod is tapered from said connector to said first deflectable end and to said second deflectable end.

1. A control module comprising: an encoder module configured to (i) receive data, and (ii) based on the data, generate a first code word for a plurality of drives; a detector module configured to, in response to detecting an error in a first drive of the plurality of drives subsequent to generation of the first code word, initiate replacement of the first drive with a second drive, wherein the encoder module is configured to generate a second code word for the second drive; a mapping module configured to (i) map physical locations of the data in the plurality of drives to logical locations of the first code word, (ii) assign a predetermined value to one of the logical locations corresponding to the first drive to identify an unused one of the logical locations, and (iii) assign the unused one of the logical locations to the second drive based on the predetermined value; and a difference module configured to generate a third code word based on each of the first code word and the second code word, wherein the encoder module is configured to generate an updated code word for the plurality of drives based on the first code word and the third code word.

1. A control module comprising: an encoder module configured to (i) receive data, and (ii) based on the data, generate a first code word for a plurality of drives; a detector module configured to, in response to detecting an error in a first drive of the plurality of drives subsequent to generation of the first code word, initiate replacement of the first drive with a second drive, wherein the encoder module is configured to generate a second code word for the second drive; a mapping module configured to (i) map physical locations of the data in the plurality of drives to logical locations of the first code word, (ii) assign a predetermined value to one of the logical locations corresponding to the first drive to identify an unused one of the logical locations, and (iii) assign the unused one of the logical locations to the second drive based on the predetermined value; and a difference module configured to generate a third code word based on each of the first code word and the second code word, wherein the encoder module is configured to generate an updated code word for the plurality of drives based on the first code word and the third code word. 4. The control module of claim 1 , wherein the encoder module is configured to (i) encode the third code word to generate a fourth code word, (ii) add the first code word and the fourth code word to generate the updated code word, and (iii) modify the updated code word to identify the second drive in the previously unused one of the logical locations.

20. A system for editing a flowchart, comprising: a memory storing an equivalent tree diagram; and a computing device operably coupled with the memory, said computing device performing: traversing the flowchart, wherein said flowchart comprises a main processing flow, a logic structure within said main processing flow, and a processing activity in said logic structure; forming the equivalent tree diagram corresponding to the main processing flow of the flowchart; transforming the logic structure in the flowchart to a sub tree comprising a branching node in the equivalent tree diagram; assembling the sub tree to the equivalent tree diagram; transforming a task required by the processing activity to a leaf node below the branching node in the sub tree; and decomposing the task represented by the leaf node to a least one sub task and setting each sub task as a child leaf node below the leaf node; modifying the leaf node to a sub-branching node of a type corresponding to an execution logic of the at least one sub task, wherein the execution logic comprises a loop logic structure and at least one of: a sequence logic structure and a split logic structure; repeating the decomposing and modifying steps until the tasks represented by all the leaf nodes in the equivalent tree diagram cannot be further decomposed; and wherein the computing device further performs: selecting at least one node in the flowchart for editing; using a reorganization verifying unit for verifying validity of the editing, comprising: determining that the editing is valid when the at least one node corresponds to a sub tree in the equivalent tree diagram; and determining that the editing is valid when the at least one node corresponds to a plurality of sub trees in the equivalent tree diagram and said plurality of sub trees have a same parent node in common.

20. A system for editing a flowchart, comprising: a memory storing an equivalent tree diagram; and a computing device operably coupled with the memory, said computing device performing: traversing the flowchart, wherein said flowchart comprises a main processing flow, a logic structure within said main processing flow, and a processing activity in said logic structure; forming the equivalent tree diagram corresponding to the main processing flow of the flowchart; transforming the logic structure in the flowchart to a sub tree comprising a branching node in the equivalent tree diagram; assembling the sub tree to the equivalent tree diagram; transforming a task required by the processing activity to a leaf node below the branching node in the sub tree; and decomposing the task represented by the leaf node to a least one sub task and setting each sub task as a child leaf node below the leaf node; modifying the leaf node to a sub-branching node of a type corresponding to an execution logic of the at least one sub task, wherein the execution logic comprises a loop logic structure and at least one of: a sequence logic structure and a split logic structure; repeating the decomposing and modifying steps until the tasks represented by all the leaf nodes in the equivalent tree diagram cannot be further decomposed; and wherein the computing device further performs: selecting at least one node in the flowchart for editing; using a reorganization verifying unit for verifying validity of the editing, comprising: determining that the editing is valid when the at least one node corresponds to a sub tree in the equivalent tree diagram; and determining that the editing is valid when the at least one node corresponds to a plurality of sub trees in the equivalent tree diagram and said plurality of sub trees have a same parent node in common. 21. The system of claim 20 wherein the processor device further modifies the flowchart according to the modified equivalent tree diagram.

20. A system, comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memory devices with instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions are executed by the one or more processors to implement one or more modules, the one or more modules including: a game engine module including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, provide interactive game instance of a game; a state machine module operably coupled to the game engine module including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors: obtain a state machine definition from a server computer system, wherein the state machine definition defines a plurality of states of a plurality of graphical objects in an interactive display for the game, and wherein the plurality of states are used to control characteristics of the respective objects of the plurality of graphical objects; instantiate a state machine instance from the state machine definition using one or both of a state machine client module or a state machine server module, wherein the state machine definition provides respective scripting functions to control the plurality of states of the plurality of graphical objects, and wherein the respective scripting functions receive one or more parameters, the one or more parameters being used to indicate one or more corresponding arguments that are unspecified at least in part until runtime; in response to determination by the state machine client module or the state machine server module of a first state of a particular graphical object, generate a display of the particular graphical object in the interactive display of the game; execute the respective scripting functions provided within the state machine definition to obtain information indicative of one or both of a state of the particular graphical object or a state transition of the particular graphical object, wherein one or both of the state machine client module or the state machine server module is further configured to perform the respective scripting functions and to determine the information indicated by the one or more parameters; and in response to determination by the state machine module of a second state of the particular graphical object, control a display property of the particular graphical object within the interactive game instance via the state machine instance using at least a portion of the information obtained from execution of the respective scripting functions; and a user interface display module operably coupled to the game engine module including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, present a display of the particular graphical object to a user.

20. A system, comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memory devices with instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions are executed by the one or more processors to implement one or more modules, the one or more modules including: a game engine module including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, provide interactive game instance of a game; a state machine module operably coupled to the game engine module including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors: obtain a state machine definition from a server computer system, wherein the state machine definition defines a plurality of states of a plurality of graphical objects in an interactive display for the game, and wherein the plurality of states are used to control characteristics of the respective objects of the plurality of graphical objects; instantiate a state machine instance from the state machine definition using one or both of a state machine client module or a state machine server module, wherein the state machine definition provides respective scripting functions to control the plurality of states of the plurality of graphical objects, and wherein the respective scripting functions receive one or more parameters, the one or more parameters being used to indicate one or more corresponding arguments that are unspecified at least in part until runtime; in response to determination by the state machine client module or the state machine server module of a first state of a particular graphical object, generate a display of the particular graphical object in the interactive display of the game; execute the respective scripting functions provided within the state machine definition to obtain information indicative of one or both of a state of the particular graphical object or a state transition of the particular graphical object, wherein one or both of the state machine client module or the state machine server module is further configured to perform the respective scripting functions and to determine the information indicated by the one or more parameters; and in response to determination by the state machine module of a second state of the particular graphical object, control a display property of the particular graphical object within the interactive game instance via the state machine instance using at least a portion of the information obtained from execution of the respective scripting functions; and a user interface display module operably coupled to the game engine module including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, present a display of the particular graphical object to a user. 21. The system of claim 20 , wherein the state machine instance defines respective first and second states providing information about how the particular graphical object will be displayed to the user; wherein the state machine instance includes at least one action specifying a state transition of the particular graphical object between the first state and the second state; and wherein the game engine module is further configured to: present the particular graphical object corresponding to the first state for display, via the user interface display module; and in response to the action specifying the state transition from the first state to the second state, present the particular graphical object corresponding to the second state for display, via the user interface display module.

1. A method for creating at least one new thread associated with an online conversation, the method comprising: determining if a predetermined time period has elapsed; in response to determining the predetermined time period has elapsed, monitoring the online conversation to detect a new or updated element of the online conversation; extracting the detected new or updated element; analyzing the online conversation and the extracted detected new or updated element to determine if a new online conversation has started; extracting a plurality of members associated with the online conversation based on the determination that a new online conversation has started; extracting a plurality of content associated with the extracted detected new or updated element based on the determination that a new online conversation has started; prompting a user to determine if a new online conversation should be created, wherein the user created the extracted detected new or updated element; creating the new online conversation based on the user determining that the new conversation should be created; in response to creating the new online conversation and in response to the user triggering an interface gesture to start the new online conversation, creating a user profile for the user; notifying the plurality of extracted members about the created new online conversation; suggesting a plurality of new participants to the user; prompting the user to select a plurality of required and optional members from the notified plurality of extracted members and the suggested plurality of new participants to participate in the created new online conversation; and enabling the added plurality of required and optional members to participate in the created new online conversation.

1. A method for creating at least one new thread associated with an online conversation, the method comprising: determining if a predetermined time period has elapsed; in response to determining the predetermined time period has elapsed, monitoring the online conversation to detect a new or updated element of the online conversation; extracting the detected new or updated element; analyzing the online conversation and the extracted detected new or updated element to determine if a new online conversation has started; extracting a plurality of members associated with the online conversation based on the determination that a new online conversation has started; extracting a plurality of content associated with the extracted detected new or updated element based on the determination that a new online conversation has started; prompting a user to determine if a new online conversation should be created, wherein the user created the extracted detected new or updated element; creating the new online conversation based on the user determining that the new conversation should be created; in response to creating the new online conversation and in response to the user triggering an interface gesture to start the new online conversation, creating a user profile for the user; notifying the plurality of extracted members about the created new online conversation; suggesting a plurality of new participants to the user; prompting the user to select a plurality of required and optional members from the notified plurality of extracted members and the suggested plurality of new participants to participate in the created new online conversation; and enabling the added plurality of required and optional members to participate in the created new online conversation. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detected new or updated element is selected from a group consisting of a new topic, a change of technical detail, a change of tone, a different user, and a time delay.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: (g) receiving by the client application from the search engine second suggested search query refinements, each of the second suggested search query refinements corresponding to a further-refined search query including the at least one first search term, the at least one first additional search term, and at least one further additional search term; (h) displaying by the client application, apart from the search bar and apart from the first suggested search query refinements, the second suggested search query refinements, the second suggested search query refinements being selectable by a user via at least one second graphical object; (i) receiving by the client application from a user via the at least one second graphical object a second selection of one of the second suggested search query refinements, the second selection corresponding to a further-refined search query including the at least one first search term, the at least one first additional search term, and at least one further additional search term; (j) receiving by the client application from the search engine further-refined search results in respect of the further-refined search query; and (k) displaying by the client application at least one further-refined search result and a visual representation of a refinement relationship between the first search query, the first refined search query, and the further-refined search query.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: (g) receiving by the client application from the search engine second suggested search query refinements, each of the second suggested search query refinements corresponding to a further-refined search query including the at least one first search term, the at least one first additional search term, and at least one further additional search term; (h) displaying by the client application, apart from the search bar and apart from the first suggested search query refinements, the second suggested search query refinements, the second suggested search query refinements being selectable by a user via at least one second graphical object; (i) receiving by the client application from a user via the at least one second graphical object a second selection of one of the second suggested search query refinements, the second selection corresponding to a further-refined search query including the at least one first search term, the at least one first additional search term, and at least one further additional search term; (j) receiving by the client application from the search engine further-refined search results in respect of the further-refined search query; and (k) displaying by the client application at least one further-refined search result and a visual representation of a refinement relationship between the first search query, the first refined search query, and the further-refined search query. 10. The method of claim 9 , wherein: (c) includes displaying by the client application a first plurality of buttons selectable by a user, each button in the first plurality of buttons corresponding to one of the first suggested search query refinements and including text representative of that suggested search query refinement; (d) is receiving by the client application from a user a selection of a first button from the first plurality of buttons; (h) includes displaying by the client application, apart from the first plurality of buttons, a second plurality of buttons selectable by a user, each button in the second plurality of buttons corresponding to one of the second suggested search query refinements and including text representative of that suggested search query refinement; and (i) is receiving by the client application from a user a selection of a second button from the second plurality of buttons.

2. A method for analyzing a plurality of documents, comprising: receiving the plurality of documents via a computing device; filtering the plurality of documents to produce a subset of the plurality of documents; receiving user input from the computing device, the user input including hard coding of the subset of the plurality of documents, the hard coding based on an identified subject or category; executing instructions stored in memory, wherein execution of the instructions by a processor: generates an initial control set based on random sampling of the subset of the plurality of documents on a static basis and a rolling basis, reviews the initial control set to determine at least one seed set parameter associated with the identified subject or category, and automatically codes a first portion of the plurality of documents, based on the initial control set and the at least one seed set parameter associated with the identified subject or category; receiving user input via the computing device, the user input comprising inspection, analysis and coding of initial control set documents; and executing instructions stored in memory, wherein execution of the instructions by the processor automatically codes documents based on the received user input regarding the initial control set documents.

2. A method for analyzing a plurality of documents, comprising: receiving the plurality of documents via a computing device; filtering the plurality of documents to produce a subset of the plurality of documents; receiving user input from the computing device, the user input including hard coding of the subset of the plurality of documents, the hard coding based on an identified subject or category; executing instructions stored in memory, wherein execution of the instructions by a processor: generates an initial control set based on random sampling of the subset of the plurality of documents on a static basis and a rolling basis, reviews the initial control set to determine at least one seed set parameter associated with the identified subject or category, and automatically codes a first portion of the plurality of documents, based on the initial control set and the at least one seed set parameter associated with the identified subject or category; receiving user input via the computing device, the user input comprising inspection, analysis and coding of initial control set documents; and executing instructions stored in memory, wherein execution of the instructions by the processor automatically codes documents based on the received user input regarding the initial control set documents. 3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the filtering further comprises culling the plurality of documents based on metadata.

1. A method for selecting a subset of keywords from a set of master keywords in user profiles of social network users, comprising: sending invitations to a first group of users of a social networking system and to a second group of users of a social networking system; observing responses to the invitations from the first and second groups of users; computing a first histogram of each keyword in the master keywords based on the occurrence of the keywords in a first group of user profiles, the first group of user profiles associated with the first group of users; computing a second histogram of each keyword in the master keywords based on the occurrence of the keywords in a second group of user profiles, the second group of user profiles associated with the second group of users; computing, by a computing system, a score based on a comparison of the first histogram and the second histogram for each keyword in the master keywords, wherein computing the score for each keyword comprises computing a difference between an information gain for an entry in the first histogram corresponding to the keyword and an information gain for an entry in the second histogram corresponding to each keyword; ranking the master keywords based on the score of the keywords; and selecting a subset of keywords from the master keywords based on the ranking.

1. A method for selecting a subset of keywords from a set of master keywords in user profiles of social network users, comprising: sending invitations to a first group of users of a social networking system and to a second group of users of a social networking system; observing responses to the invitations from the first and second groups of users; computing a first histogram of each keyword in the master keywords based on the occurrence of the keywords in a first group of user profiles, the first group of user profiles associated with the first group of users; computing a second histogram of each keyword in the master keywords based on the occurrence of the keywords in a second group of user profiles, the second group of user profiles associated with the second group of users; computing, by a computing system, a score based on a comparison of the first histogram and the second histogram for each keyword in the master keywords, wherein computing the score for each keyword comprises computing a difference between an information gain for an entry in the first histogram corresponding to the keyword and an information gain for an entry in the second histogram corresponding to each keyword; ranking the master keywords based on the score of the keywords; and selecting a subset of keywords from the master keywords based on the ranking. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the master keywords include all the keywords occurring in the user profiles of all the social network users.

12. The media device of claim 9 , wherein the program content stream interface is configured to receive native language electronic program guide (EPG) information and foreign language EPG information, and wherein the processor system is configured to generate an EPG using the foreign language EPG information in response to the processor system determining that the language preference is for the foreign language preference.

12. The media device of claim 9 , wherein the program content stream interface is configured to receive native language electronic program guide (EPG) information and foreign language EPG information, and wherein the processor system is configured to generate an EPG using the foreign language EPG information in response to the processor system determining that the language preference is for the foreign language preference. 13. The media device of claim 12 , wherein the remote control communication signal includes at least one instruction requesting presentation of the EPG, and wherein the EPG is presented using the foreign language preference in response to receiving the instruction.

1. A computer-implemented method for detecting malicious documents based on component-object reuse, at least a portion of the method being performed by at least one computing device comprising at least one processor, the method comprising: identifying, by the at least one computing device, a plurality of malicious digital documents that contain malware; extracting, by the at least one computing device, a plurality of benign digital component objects from the plurality of malicious digital documents, wherein each benign digital component object from the plurality of benign digital component objects is: contained within at least one malicious digital document from the plurality of malicious digital documents; not known to contain malware; receiving, by the at least one computing device from a digital-document source device, an unknown digital document that is not known to be malicious or benign and that comprises: at least one benign digital component object that is benign; at least one malicious digital component object that is malicious; extracting, by the at least one computing device, the benign digital component object from the unknown digital document; determining, by the at least one computing device, that the benign digital component object extracted from the unknown digital document matches one of the plurality of benign digital component objects; determining, by the at least one computing device based at least in part on the benign digital component object extracted from the unknown digital document matching one of the plurality of benign digital component objects, that an attacker likely reused the benign digital component object extracted from the unknown digital document to create the unknown digital document; disarming, by the at least one computing device, the malicious digital component object of the unknown digital document by performing a security action on the unknown digital document based at least in part on determining that an attacker likely reused the benign digital component object extracted from the unknown digital document to create the unknown digital document.

1. A computer-implemented method for detecting malicious documents based on component-object reuse, at least a portion of the method being performed by at least one computing device comprising at least one processor, the method comprising: identifying, by the at least one computing device, a plurality of malicious digital documents that contain malware; extracting, by the at least one computing device, a plurality of benign digital component objects from the plurality of malicious digital documents, wherein each benign digital component object from the plurality of benign digital component objects is: contained within at least one malicious digital document from the plurality of malicious digital documents; not known to contain malware; receiving, by the at least one computing device from a digital-document source device, an unknown digital document that is not known to be malicious or benign and that comprises: at least one benign digital component object that is benign; at least one malicious digital component object that is malicious; extracting, by the at least one computing device, the benign digital component object from the unknown digital document; determining, by the at least one computing device, that the benign digital component object extracted from the unknown digital document matches one of the plurality of benign digital component objects; determining, by the at least one computing device based at least in part on the benign digital component object extracted from the unknown digital document matching one of the plurality of benign digital component objects, that an attacker likely reused the benign digital component object extracted from the unknown digital document to create the unknown digital document; disarming, by the at least one computing device, the malicious digital component object of the unknown digital document by performing a security action on the unknown digital document based at least in part on determining that an attacker likely reused the benign digital component object extracted from the unknown digital document to create the unknown digital document. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein: determining that the benign digital component object extracted from the unknown digital document was reused to create the unknown digital document comprises determining that a manner in which the benign digital component object is incorporated within a structure of the unknown digital document matches a manner in which the benign digital component object has been incorporated in a structure of at least one malicious digital document from the plurality of malicious digital documents; the security action is performed on the unknown digital document based at least in part on the manner in which the benign digital component object is incorporated within the structure of the unknown digital document matching the manner in which the benign digital component object has been incorporated in the structure of the malicious digital document.

1. Apparatus for assembling content fragments into a container, wherein the container comprises markup identifying one or more content fragments, comprising: a hardware processor; computer memory that includes a first queue, and a second queue; the computer memory holding computer program instructions that when executed by the hardware processor perform the following method: receiving, by a host process, a request for the container, and placing the request in the second queue; removing from the second queue, by a first execution thread, the request, and processing the request to generate a data object; instantiating a software processor; generating, by the software processor, a parse tree representation of the container, the parse tree representation including an edge side include (ESI) code directive associated with at least one content fragment in the container; cloning the parse tree representation in a cache; processing, by the software processor, and from top to bottom of the parse tree representation, each ESI code directive, wherein, if an ESI code directive in the parse tree representation is an ESI include, placing a request associated with the ESI include in the first queue for handling by a second execution thread; as ESI code directives are processed, having the software processor concatenate results into the data object; after the parse tree representation is parsed from top to bottom, placing the data object on the first queue; retrieving, by the second execution thread, the data object, and building a response to the request for the container; and serving the response.

1. Apparatus for assembling content fragments into a container, wherein the container comprises markup identifying one or more content fragments, comprising: a hardware processor; computer memory that includes a first queue, and a second queue; the computer memory holding computer program instructions that when executed by the hardware processor perform the following method: receiving, by a host process, a request for the container, and placing the request in the second queue; removing from the second queue, by a first execution thread, the request, and processing the request to generate a data object; instantiating a software processor; generating, by the software processor, a parse tree representation of the container, the parse tree representation including an edge side include (ESI) code directive associated with at least one content fragment in the container; cloning the parse tree representation in a cache; processing, by the software processor, and from top to bottom of the parse tree representation, each ESI code directive, wherein, if an ESI code directive in the parse tree representation is an ESI include, placing a request associated with the ESI include in the first queue for handling by a second execution thread; as ESI code directives are processed, having the software processor concatenate results into the data object; after the parse tree representation is parsed from top to bottom, placing the data object on the first queue; retrieving, by the second execution thread, the data object, and building a response to the request for the container; and serving the response. 8. The apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein the ESI code directive performs variable substitution.

1. A method comprising: collecting an initial set of clinical information from a medical practitioner's encounter with a patient, the encounter being of a particular type; analyzing the initial set of clinical information, using a processor, to correlate the initial set of clinical information with additional information specified by one or more reporting standards as being applicable for documenting the particular type of patient encounter, wherein the additional information corresponds to at least one standard code selected from the group consisting of an ICD code, a CPT code, an E&M code, and a SNOMED code; and prompting a user to record the additional information specified by the one or more reporting standards in documenting the patient encounter.

1. A method comprising: collecting an initial set of clinical information from a medical practitioner's encounter with a patient, the encounter being of a particular type; analyzing the initial set of clinical information, using a processor, to correlate the initial set of clinical information with additional information specified by one or more reporting standards as being applicable for documenting the particular type of patient encounter, wherein the additional information corresponds to at least one standard code selected from the group consisting of an ICD code, a CPT code, an E&M code, and a SNOMED code; and prompting a user to record the additional information specified by the one or more reporting standards in documenting the patient encounter. 7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining and the prompting are performed automatically.

28. A method according to claim 25 , wherein the network further includes a rendering server and a policy server from which the policy information is acquired, and the driver forwards the PDF document to the rendering server for performing the generating, acquiring, determining, identifying, applying and storing steps.

28. A method according to claim 25 , wherein the network further includes a rendering server and a policy server from which the policy information is acquired, and the driver forwards the PDF document to the rendering server for performing the generating, acquiring, determining, identifying, applying and storing steps. 29. A method according to claim 28 , wherein the policy server and the rendering server are implemented on a common machine within the network.

10. A system for creating and storing ring assets for use in designing a customized ring, the system comprising: a computing device having computer implemented instructions stored thereon for creating ring assets, the instructions comprising: an extraction component for extracting relevant data from a computer aided drafting file; a rendering component for creating a rendered image based on the data; and a storage component for storing the rendered image in a repository for access by a ring customization system.

10. A system for creating and storing ring assets for use in designing a customized ring, the system comprising: a computing device having computer implemented instructions stored thereon for creating ring assets, the instructions comprising: an extraction component for extracting relevant data from a computer aided drafting file; a rendering component for creating a rendered image based on the data; and a storage component for storing the rendered image in a repository for access by a ring customization system. 11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the ring assets comprise ring side panel artwork and the data comprises curve data and surface data representing the artwork.

17. The method recited in claim 9 , wherein the interface definition mark-up language (IDML) comprises a text tag for specifying copy text to be displayed in the user interface.

17. The method recited in claim 9 , wherein the interface definition mark-up language (IDML) comprises a text tag for specifying copy text to be displayed in the user interface. 18. The method recited in claim 17 , wherein the text tag comprises attributes including at least one of a business name and a render location.

25. The development system of claim 19 , wherein said graphical user interface components include a component for defining a question and an answer to said question for display to a user of said dialog system.

25. The development system of claim 19 , wherein said graphical user interface components include a component for defining a question and an answer to said question for display to a user of said dialog system. 27. The development system of claim 25 , wherein said graphical user interface components include a component for selecting from a list of predetermined answers to said question.

1. A computer-implemented method for role modeling, the method comprising: receiving, by a processor, audio data, wherein the audio data comprises a plurality of audio conversations for one or more speakers; partitioning each of the plurality audio conversations in to one or more segments; associating each of the one or more segments with a speaker; labelling roles for the one or more segments for each of the plurality of audio conversations utilizing a speaker recognition engine, wherein the labelling roles comprises clustering speakers based at least in part on a number of times the speakers are present in an audio conversation, word error rates the one or more speakers, and demographics of the one or more speakers; converting each of the one or more segments to text; training a text classifier utilizing the labelled roles; and creating a role classification model based at least in part on the text classifier, wherein the role classification model determines a role for each of the one or more speakers.

1. A computer-implemented method for role modeling, the method comprising: receiving, by a processor, audio data, wherein the audio data comprises a plurality of audio conversations for one or more speakers; partitioning each of the plurality audio conversations in to one or more segments; associating each of the one or more segments with a speaker; labelling roles for the one or more segments for each of the plurality of audio conversations utilizing a speaker recognition engine, wherein the labelling roles comprises clustering speakers based at least in part on a number of times the speakers are present in an audio conversation, word error rates the one or more speakers, and demographics of the one or more speakers; converting each of the one or more segments to text; training a text classifier utilizing the labelled roles; and creating a role classification model based at least in part on the text classifier, wherein the role classification model determines a role for each of the one or more speakers. 7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the speaker recognition engine comprises an i-vector model.

17. A computer-implemented method for assisting a user in creating and/or editing a query statement, wherein the computer performs the following functions comprising: visually displaying a search condition of a query statement in a first display area of the user interface; visually selecting two or more predicates of the displayed search condition for grouping; visually resolving column references and value expression datatypes in the query statement comprising: syntactic parsing of an input into an internal model form, semantic resolving of SQL expression tables and columns by associating the SQL expression tables and columns with table and column entities provided in an information catalog, and resolving remaining value expression datatypes; and visually indicating the grouping in the first display area in response to selection of the two or more predicates.

17. A computer-implemented method for assisting a user in creating and/or editing a query statement, wherein the computer performs the following functions comprising: visually displaying a search condition of a query statement in a first display area of the user interface; visually selecting two or more predicates of the displayed search condition for grouping; visually resolving column references and value expression datatypes in the query statement comprising: syntactic parsing of an input into an internal model form, semantic resolving of SQL expression tables and columns by associating the SQL expression tables and columns with table and column entities provided in an information catalog, and resolving remaining value expression datatypes; and visually indicating the grouping in the first display area in response to selection of the two or more predicates. 30. The computer-implemented method of claim 17 , wherein the step of displaying the search condition further comprises the step of displaying each operator in a separate line first display area.

5. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving, by a gateway server from a mobile device, a first request to retrieve content from a content server, the request identifying a subscriber using a mobile device, the mobile device, the gateway server, and the content server all being remote and separate from each other; associating, by the gateway server, the identified subscriber with a corresponding user profile, the user profile providing a plurality of rules that define how content is to be displayed; transmitting, by the gateway server to the content server, a second request to retrieve the content from the content server; receiving, by the gateway server, the content from the content server; parsing the content by: deconstructing the content and mapping the deconstructed content to a first document object model, and transforming the content mapped to the first document object model according to the plurality of rules defined in the user profile to generate a second document object model; and transmitting, by the gateway server to the mobile device, the transformed content for rendering on the mobile device; wherein: the second document object model is selected among a plurality of document object models utilized by a plurality of other subscribers, the selection being based on the most-frequently used document object model.

5. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving, by a gateway server from a mobile device, a first request to retrieve content from a content server, the request identifying a subscriber using a mobile device, the mobile device, the gateway server, and the content server all being remote and separate from each other; associating, by the gateway server, the identified subscriber with a corresponding user profile, the user profile providing a plurality of rules that define how content is to be displayed; transmitting, by the gateway server to the content server, a second request to retrieve the content from the content server; receiving, by the gateway server, the content from the content server; parsing the content by: deconstructing the content and mapping the deconstructed content to a first document object model, and transforming the content mapped to the first document object model according to the plurality of rules defined in the user profile to generate a second document object model; and transmitting, by the gateway server to the mobile device, the transformed content for rendering on the mobile device; wherein: the second document object model is selected among a plurality of document object models utilized by a plurality of other subscribers, the selection being based on the most-frequently used document object model. 15. A method as in claim 5 , wherein each document object model comprises a plurality of hierarchically arranged nodes.

1. A method, comprising: calculating, by at least one processor of a computing device, a plurality of values, each value of the plurality of values corresponding to a degree of similarity between a keyword of one or more keywords input by a user and a related term of plurality of related terms identified by the at least one processor; utilizing, by the at least one processor, the plurality of values to identify a portion of the plurality of related terms, each term of the portion of the plurality of related terms being associated with a value of the plurality of values that is within an adjustable suggestion range comprising a range of values that corresponds to a degree of similarity associated with and indicated by the user; initiating, by the at least one processor, a search of a plurality of metadata elements using search request criteria comprising the one or more keywords and the portion of the plurality of related terms; and generating, by the at least one processor and based on results of the search, a list of digital content accessible to the user, the list comprising a result portion and a suggested portion, the result portion comprising one or more items of the digital content identified based on the one or more keywords, and the suggested portion comprising one or more items of the digital content identified based on the portion of the plurality of related terms.

1. A method, comprising: calculating, by at least one processor of a computing device, a plurality of values, each value of the plurality of values corresponding to a degree of similarity between a keyword of one or more keywords input by a user and a related term of plurality of related terms identified by the at least one processor; utilizing, by the at least one processor, the plurality of values to identify a portion of the plurality of related terms, each term of the portion of the plurality of related terms being associated with a value of the plurality of values that is within an adjustable suggestion range comprising a range of values that corresponds to a degree of similarity associated with and indicated by the user; initiating, by the at least one processor, a search of a plurality of metadata elements using search request criteria comprising the one or more keywords and the portion of the plurality of related terms; and generating, by the at least one processor and based on results of the search, a list of digital content accessible to the user, the list comprising a result portion and a suggested portion, the result portion comprising one or more items of the digital content identified based on the one or more keywords, and the suggested portion comprising one or more items of the digital content identified based on the portion of the plurality of related terms. 15. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying the plurality of related terms comprises utilizing at least one of a rule-based part-of-speech tagging algorithm or a stochastic part-of-speech tagging algorithm to classify one of the one or more keywords, and wherein at least one of the plurality of related terms is identified based on a classification of the one of the one or more keywords.

1. A method for punctuating voicemail transcription text, comprising: receiving, at a device, a voicemail message from telecommunication service provider; transcribing, via the device, the voicemail into a transcription text and determining a beginning time and an ending time of each transcribed word within the voicemail; identifying Y largest pauses between transcribed words of the transcription text, where Y is a limit on the number of ellipses to be inserted; and inserting ellipses into the transcription text at the position of the Y largest pauses wherein the Y largest pauses is a number smaller than a total number of pauses of the transcription text.

1. A method for punctuating voicemail transcription text, comprising: receiving, at a device, a voicemail message from telecommunication service provider; transcribing, via the device, the voicemail into a transcription text and determining a beginning time and an ending time of each transcribed word within the voicemail; identifying Y largest pauses between transcribed words of the transcription text, where Y is a limit on the number of ellipses to be inserted; and inserting ellipses into the transcription text at the position of the Y largest pauses wherein the Y largest pauses is a number smaller than a total number of pauses of the transcription text. 3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pauses include hesitations.

9. A method for providing an automated suggestion in response to a current situation pertaining to a location, position, or movement of a person in relation to a physical environment, the method comprising, with a wearable device: by one or more sensors coupled to the wearable device, receiving one or more real-time inputs indicative of an implicit cue regarding a user-specific physical activity in relation to a surrounding physical environment; by an automated inference engine coupled to the wearable device, accessing the real-time inputs and one more items of previously stored information; by the automated inference engine, based on a combination of the one or more real-time inputs and the stored user-specific information, generating a plurality of user-specific contexts, each user-specific context corresponding to a different inferred purpose for the user-specific physical activity; by the automated inference engine, algorithmically selecting a user-specific context of the plurality of different user-specific contexts; generating an automated response based on the selected user-specific context; and by a processor of the wearable device, executing the automated response.

9. A method for providing an automated suggestion in response to a current situation pertaining to a location, position, or movement of a person in relation to a physical environment, the method comprising, with a wearable device: by one or more sensors coupled to the wearable device, receiving one or more real-time inputs indicative of an implicit cue regarding a user-specific physical activity in relation to a surrounding physical environment; by an automated inference engine coupled to the wearable device, accessing the real-time inputs and one more items of previously stored information; by the automated inference engine, based on a combination of the one or more real-time inputs and the stored user-specific information, generating a plurality of user-specific contexts, each user-specific context corresponding to a different inferred purpose for the user-specific physical activity; by the automated inference engine, algorithmically selecting a user-specific context of the plurality of different user-specific contexts; generating an automated response based on the selected user-specific context; and by a processor of the wearable device, executing the automated response. 14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the execution of the automated response comprises receiving one or more other real-time inputs at the wearable device and repeating the accessing, generating, selecting, generating, and executing.

1. A computer-implemented method of processing messages, comprising: at a client computer: receiving a plurality of messages directed to a user, each message having a unique message identifier; associating each of the plurality of messages with a respective conversation, each conversation having a respective conversation identifier, wherein each conversation comprises a set of one or more messages sharing a common set of characteristics that meet first predefined criteria and the respective conversation identifier is distinct from a subject reference of the one or more messages in the respective conversation; associating with each conversation a set of senders of messages included in the conversation; and displaying a list of conversations in an order determined in accordance with second predefined criteria, each conversation being represented as a single item in the list, wherein a plurality of conversations in the list of conversations each include a plurality of messages that share a common set of characteristics that meet the first predefined criteria; wherein the list of conversations comprises a set of rows, each row corresponding to one of the listed conversations and including at least a sender list, a conversation topic and a date/time value, wherein the sender list of a row in the list of conversations includes identifiers of one or more senders of at least one message in the corresponding conversation, including identifiers of a plurality of the senders in the set of senders, but less than all of the senders in the set of senders, when the set of senders exceeds a predefined limit.

1. A computer-implemented method of processing messages, comprising: at a client computer: receiving a plurality of messages directed to a user, each message having a unique message identifier; associating each of the plurality of messages with a respective conversation, each conversation having a respective conversation identifier, wherein each conversation comprises a set of one or more messages sharing a common set of characteristics that meet first predefined criteria and the respective conversation identifier is distinct from a subject reference of the one or more messages in the respective conversation; associating with each conversation a set of senders of messages included in the conversation; and displaying a list of conversations in an order determined in accordance with second predefined criteria, each conversation being represented as a single item in the list, wherein a plurality of conversations in the list of conversations each include a plurality of messages that share a common set of characteristics that meet the first predefined criteria; wherein the list of conversations comprises a set of rows, each row corresponding to one of the listed conversations and including at least a sender list, a conversation topic and a date/time value, wherein the sender list of a row in the list of conversations includes identifiers of one or more senders of at least one message in the corresponding conversation, including identifiers of a plurality of the senders in the set of senders, but less than all of the senders in the set of senders, when the set of senders exceeds a predefined limit. 52. The method of claim 1 , wherein each row in the list of conversations comprises said single item representing a respective conversation, and the sender list of at least one respective conversation in the list of conversations identifies two or more distinct senders of messages in the respective conversation.

1. A method for generating a context for translating strings for a graphical user interface, the method comprising: receiving a string to be translated and associated source code, the string identified by a unique key within the associated source code, the unique key used to identify a location of the string; identifying, by one or more computer processors, a first logical section of the associated source code corresponding to a unique key of the string; identifying, by the one or more computer processors, one or more graphical user interface components within the identified logical section of the associated source code; and creating a mockup image presenting the one or more graphical user interface components and the string.

1. A method for generating a context for translating strings for a graphical user interface, the method comprising: receiving a string to be translated and associated source code, the string identified by a unique key within the associated source code, the unique key used to identify a location of the string; identifying, by one or more computer processors, a first logical section of the associated source code corresponding to a unique key of the string; identifying, by the one or more computer processors, one or more graphical user interface components within the identified logical section of the associated source code; and creating a mockup image presenting the one or more graphical user interface components and the string. 2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising presenting the created mockup image to a translator.

1. A computer implemented method for identifying phrases in a document collection, the method comprising: collecting possible phrases from documents in the document collection; classifying individual possible phrases as either a good phrase or a bad phrase according to a frequency of occurrence of the individual possible phrase; determining, for a pair of good phrases g j and g k in the document collection, an information gain of g k with respect to g j as a function of an actual co-occurrence rate of g j and g k and an expected co-occurrence rate of g j and g k in the document collection; selectively retaining as valid phrases those good phrases that, predict the occurrence of at least one other good phrase in the document collection, where a good phrase g j predicts the occurrence of another good phrase g k in the document collection when the determined information gain of g k in the presence of g j exceeds a first predetermined threshold; identifying, for a plurality of selectively retained valid phrases g x , a phrase g y as a related phrase of g x where the information gain of g y in the presence of g x exceeds a second predetermined threshold that is more restrictive than the first predetermined threshold; and storing the valid phrases and identified related phrases on a computer-readable storage medium.

1. A computer implemented method for identifying phrases in a document collection, the method comprising: collecting possible phrases from documents in the document collection; classifying individual possible phrases as either a good phrase or a bad phrase according to a frequency of occurrence of the individual possible phrase; determining, for a pair of good phrases g j and g k in the document collection, an information gain of g k with respect to g j as a function of an actual co-occurrence rate of g j and g k and an expected co-occurrence rate of g j and g k in the document collection; selectively retaining as valid phrases those good phrases that, predict the occurrence of at least one other good phrase in the document collection, where a good phrase g j predicts the occurrence of another good phrase g k in the document collection when the determined information gain of g k in the presence of g j exceeds a first predetermined threshold; identifying, for a plurality of selectively retained valid phrases g x , a phrase g y as a related phrase of g x where the information gain of g y in the presence of g x exceeds a second predetermined threshold that is more restrictive than the first predetermined threshold; and storing the valid phrases and identified related phrases on a computer-readable storage medium. 15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second predetermined threshold is about 100.

33. The text-to-speech synthesis apparatus according to claim 24 , wherein said memory stores said script data and said text-to-speech synthesis processing section links said phoneme data of said speaker voice retrieved by said search section to convert said script data into a synthetic speech.

33. The text-to-speech synthesis apparatus according to claim 24 , wherein said memory stores said script data and said text-to-speech synthesis processing section links said phoneme data of said speaker voice retrieved by said search section to convert said script data into a synthetic speech. 34. The text-to-speech synthesis apparatus according to claim 33 , wherein said memory stores said script data in a classified manner and said selecting section selects said script data along with said speaker voice.

10. An apparatus comprising a computer-readable storage medium encoding instructions thereon, that in response to execution by a computing device cause the computing device to perform operations comprising: grouping a first keyword into one or more first groups of related keywords; translating, using a machine translation process and after grouping the first keyword into one or more first groups of related keywords, a first keyword from a source language into a plurality of second keywords in a target language; after translating the first keywords into the second keywords, grouping the second keywords into one or more second groups of keywords based on the first groups and the first keyword from which each of the second keyword was translated; identifying the one or more pre-determined word clusters for the second keywords based on the second groups of keywords; augmenting the second keywords to include additional keywords in the target language that each have at least a threshold association with one or more of the second keywords, wherein the additional keywords are determined to have at least the threshold association with the one or more second keywords based on the additional keywords and the one or more second keywords being included in the one or more pre-determined word clusters; after augmenting the second keywords, determining frequencies with which each of the second keywords occur in a corpus associated with the target language, wherein the corpus comprises one or more corpora used by a search engine, and wherein determining the frequencies includes, at least in part, conducting a search for each of the second keywords using the search engine; and selecting a particular keyword from the second keywords to use in the target language based on the determined frequencies of occurrence; associating the particular keyword in the target language with an advertisement in the target language; receiving a search query comprising one or more search terms in the target language; determining whether to provide the advertisement with search results for the search query based, at least, on a comparison of the particular keyword and the one or more search terms of the search query; and based on the determination of whether to provide the advertisement, providing the advertisement.

10. An apparatus comprising a computer-readable storage medium encoding instructions thereon, that in response to execution by a computing device cause the computing device to perform operations comprising: grouping a first keyword into one or more first groups of related keywords; translating, using a machine translation process and after grouping the first keyword into one or more first groups of related keywords, a first keyword from a source language into a plurality of second keywords in a target language; after translating the first keywords into the second keywords, grouping the second keywords into one or more second groups of keywords based on the first groups and the first keyword from which each of the second keyword was translated; identifying the one or more pre-determined word clusters for the second keywords based on the second groups of keywords; augmenting the second keywords to include additional keywords in the target language that each have at least a threshold association with one or more of the second keywords, wherein the additional keywords are determined to have at least the threshold association with the one or more second keywords based on the additional keywords and the one or more second keywords being included in the one or more pre-determined word clusters; after augmenting the second keywords, determining frequencies with which each of the second keywords occur in a corpus associated with the target language, wherein the corpus comprises one or more corpora used by a search engine, and wherein determining the frequencies includes, at least in part, conducting a search for each of the second keywords using the search engine; and selecting a particular keyword from the second keywords to use in the target language based on the determined frequencies of occurrence; associating the particular keyword in the target language with an advertisement in the target language; receiving a search query comprising one or more search terms in the target language; determining whether to provide the advertisement with search results for the search query based, at least, on a comparison of the particular keyword and the one or more search terms of the search query; and based on the determination of whether to provide the advertisement, providing the advertisement. 12. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the operations further comprise: receiving a request to translate the first keyword into a target language that is associated with a geographic region; and selecting, from a plurality of corpora, the corpus for use in determining the frequencies of the second keywords based on the corpus being associated with the target language and the geographic region.

8. A computer-implemented method of contextual text adaptation, the method performed by one or more hardware processors, comprising: receiving a corpus of documents in context of a target user; receiving a dictionary of synonyms; generating a topic model algorithm based on at least the corpus of documents by machine learning, the topic model algorithm comprising a first function that predicts probability distribution of a plurality of topics in a given document, and a second function that predicts probability of a given word occurring in a document associated with a given topic; receiving an input document; determining input document topics associated with the input document and a normalized weight associated with each of the input document topics by executing the first function; determining an aggregate probability indicating relevance of an input document word to the input document topics based on executing the second function; determining a synonym of the input document word based on the dictionary of synonyms; determining an aggregate probability for the synonym based on executing the second function; comparing the aggregate probability for the synonym and the aggregate probability for the input document word; and responsive to determining that the aggregate probability for the synonym is greater than the aggregate probability for the input document word, replacing the input document word with the synonym; and generating an output document comprising content of the input document with replaced word.

8. A computer-implemented method of contextual text adaptation, the method performed by one or more hardware processors, comprising: receiving a corpus of documents in context of a target user; receiving a dictionary of synonyms; generating a topic model algorithm based on at least the corpus of documents by machine learning, the topic model algorithm comprising a first function that predicts probability distribution of a plurality of topics in a given document, and a second function that predicts probability of a given word occurring in a document associated with a given topic; receiving an input document; determining input document topics associated with the input document and a normalized weight associated with each of the input document topics by executing the first function; determining an aggregate probability indicating relevance of an input document word to the input document topics based on executing the second function; determining a synonym of the input document word based on the dictionary of synonyms; determining an aggregate probability for the synonym based on executing the second function; comparing the aggregate probability for the synonym and the aggregate probability for the input document word; and responsive to determining that the aggregate probability for the synonym is greater than the aggregate probability for the input document word, replacing the input document word with the synonym; and generating an output document comprising content of the input document with replaced word. 9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the determining of an aggregate probability indicating relevance of an input document word to the input document, the determining of an aggregate probability for the synonym, the comparing of the aggregate probability for the synonym and the aggregate probability for the input document word, and the replacing of the input document word with the synonym responsive to determining that the aggregate probability for the synonym is greater than the aggregate probability for the input document word, is performed for each of a plurality of input document words in the input document.

1. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having stored therein an encoding program that causes a computer to execute a process comprising: generating a plurality of pieces of syntax information respectively corresponding to a plurality of words in a compression target document by analyzing relationships between the plurality of words; assigning a plurality of compression codes to the plurality of words and to the plurality of pieces of syntax information; and outputting the plurality of compression codes with an arrangement of a specific order.

1. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having stored therein an encoding program that causes a computer to execute a process comprising: generating a plurality of pieces of syntax information respectively corresponding to a plurality of words in a compression target document by analyzing relationships between the plurality of words; assigning a plurality of compression codes to the plurality of words and to the plurality of pieces of syntax information; and outputting the plurality of compression codes with an arrangement of a specific order. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pieces of syntax information are information in which a tree structure of a syntax tree indicating relationships between the plurality of words are expressed using a plurality of subtrees.

1. A method for improving storage efficiency of a social network system, comprising: receiving an instruction to improve cache or memory efficiency of social graph data of a social graph, wherein the social graph includes multiple vertices representing social network users and some of the social network users are friends in a social network; generating, based on the social graph, a partitioning tree including multiple bottom-level buckets, the partitioning tree dividing the vertices of the social graph into the bottom-level buckets and ordering the bottom-level buckets such that a social network metric corresponding to the vertices is optimized; assigning user identities (IDs) to the vertices of the social network in a numerical sequence based on the ordering of the bottom-level buckets; storing the social graph data of the users in storage locations in a storage device in an order according to the numeral sequence of the assigned user IDs of the vertices; and responding to a social graph data request for a list of requested users by retrieving social graph data of the requested users together from storage locations that are close to each other in the storage device, wherein the requested users are related users who have been assigned the user IDs that are close to each other.

1. A method for improving storage efficiency of a social network system, comprising: receiving an instruction to improve cache or memory efficiency of social graph data of a social graph, wherein the social graph includes multiple vertices representing social network users and some of the social network users are friends in a social network; generating, based on the social graph, a partitioning tree including multiple bottom-level buckets, the partitioning tree dividing the vertices of the social graph into the bottom-level buckets and ordering the bottom-level buckets such that a social network metric corresponding to the vertices is optimized; assigning user identities (IDs) to the vertices of the social network in a numerical sequence based on the ordering of the bottom-level buckets; storing the social graph data of the users in storage locations in a storage device in an order according to the numeral sequence of the assigned user IDs of the vertices; and responding to a social graph data request for a list of requested users by retrieving social graph data of the requested users together from storage locations that are close to each other in the storage device, wherein the requested users are related users who have been assigned the user IDs that are close to each other. 11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: swapping two buckets that are child nodes of a common parent node of the partitioning tree such that the social network metric regarding the vertices is further optimized.

3. The information processing device according to claim 2 , wherein the learning unit: performs a reduction process for reducing an observation value from the observation value of the image by an amount used in updating of the foreground appearance model of the target model; and performs updating of the next target model using the observation value of the image that has undergone the reduction process.

3. The information processing device according to claim 2 , wherein the learning unit: performs a reduction process for reducing an observation value from the observation value of the image by an amount used in updating of the foreground appearance model of the target model; and performs updating of the next target model using the observation value of the image that has undergone the reduction process. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3 , wherein, as the plurality of foreground models, a foreground model with an action condition having a transition probability for each action and the foreground appearance model; and a foreground model without an action condition having a transition probability irrelevant to the action and the foreground appearance model are mixed, and wherein the learning unit: preferentially selects the foreground model with an action condition to the foreground model without an action condition in the target model; updates, using the observation value of the image, an assumption model assuming that the foreground appearance model of the plurality of foreground models is respectively employed as the foreground appearance model of the foreground model with an action condition selected in the target model; obtains the observation likelihood using an assumption model of which an entropy of the transition probability is the minimum in the assumption model after updating; and updates the transition probability and the foreground appearance model of the target model using the observation likelihood.

29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions that when executed cause a computer to perform a method comprising: generating a plurality of test scripts, a test script from among the plurality of test scripts generated by performing: initiating a voice call interaction with a speech application, the speech application comprising a network of interaction nodes; and repeatedly performing, until a stopping condition is encountered, the steps of: executing the voice call interaction with the speech application by traversing through one or more interaction nodes from among the network of interaction nodes until an interaction node requiring a response is encountered; selecting an utterance generation mode corresponding to the interaction node; determining a response to be provided corresponding to the interaction node of the speech application based on the utterance generation mode; and providing the response to the speech application, wherein the test script comprises instructions for traversing interaction nodes involved during a course of the voice call interaction, and, instructions for provisioning one or more responses to the speech application during the course of the voice call interaction; identifying one or more test scripts from among the plurality of test scripts based on a pre-determined objective; and providing the one or more test scripts to a user for facilitating testing of the speech application.

29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions that when executed cause a computer to perform a method comprising: generating a plurality of test scripts, a test script from among the plurality of test scripts generated by performing: initiating a voice call interaction with a speech application, the speech application comprising a network of interaction nodes; and repeatedly performing, until a stopping condition is encountered, the steps of: executing the voice call interaction with the speech application by traversing through one or more interaction nodes from among the network of interaction nodes until an interaction node requiring a response is encountered; selecting an utterance generation mode corresponding to the interaction node; determining a response to be provided corresponding to the interaction node of the speech application based on the utterance generation mode; and providing the response to the speech application, wherein the test script comprises instructions for traversing interaction nodes involved during a course of the voice call interaction, and, instructions for provisioning one or more responses to the speech application during the course of the voice call interaction; identifying one or more test scripts from among the plurality of test scripts based on a pre-determined objective; and providing the one or more test scripts to a user for facilitating testing of the speech application. 30. The computer-readable medium of claim 29 , wherein the stopping condition is one of: an error event comprising detection of at least one error during the execution of the voice call interaction; an interaction transfer event comprising detection of a transfer of the voice call interaction to a customer support representative; an interaction termination event comprising detection of a termination of the voice call interaction; and a goal realization event comprising detection of a realization of a pre-determined goal for testing of the speech application.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the watch time function is given by: S′=S×M Q,D i , wherein M Q,D i is a watch time multiplier computed from the one or more watch time signals for the query and the first resource.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the watch time function is given by: S′=S×M Q,D i , wherein M Q,D i is a watch time multiplier computed from the one or more watch time signals for the query and the first resource. 6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the one or more watch time signals for the first resource include two or more watch time signals, and the watch time multiplier is based on a product of two or more of the watch time signals for the first resource.

22. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 21 , wherein the HTML file is formed using an HTML template containing an embedded tag that includes or references an index path that can be used to index into the hierarchical data map.

22. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 21 , wherein the HTML file is formed using an HTML template containing an embedded tag that includes or references an index path that can be used to index into the hierarchical data map. 26. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 22 , wherein the index path includes a key/value pair that identifies a particular data point of the plurality of data points.

1. A method for preventing Domain Name System (DNS) spoofing, comprising: receiving, at a network computing device, a DNS request packet; performing uppercase/lowercase conversion for a portion of first letters in a DNS inquiry field of the DNS request packet according to a preset rule of uppercase/lowercase distribution of letters; sending over a computer network the DNS request packet to a DNS server; receiving a DNS response packet in response to the DNS request packet; obtaining uppercase/lowercase distribution of second letters in a DNS inquiry field of the DNS response packet; determining that the uppercase/lowercase distribution of the second letters in the DNS inquiry field of the DNS response packet complies with the preset rule; and based upon the determination, forwarding the DNS response packet to a target DNS client over the computer network.

1. A method for preventing Domain Name System (DNS) spoofing, comprising: receiving, at a network computing device, a DNS request packet; performing uppercase/lowercase conversion for a portion of first letters in a DNS inquiry field of the DNS request packet according to a preset rule of uppercase/lowercase distribution of letters; sending over a computer network the DNS request packet to a DNS server; receiving a DNS response packet in response to the DNS request packet; obtaining uppercase/lowercase distribution of second letters in a DNS inquiry field of the DNS response packet; determining that the uppercase/lowercase distribution of the second letters in the DNS inquiry field of the DNS response packet complies with the preset rule; and based upon the determination, forwarding the DNS response packet to a target DNS client over the computer network. 4. The method for preventing DNS spoofing according to claim 1 , wherein the preset rule is that the uppercase/lowercase distribution pattern matches with 1/0 distribution pattern of binary digitals of a numerical value.

1. A method for determining one or more ranked candidate media in response to media query data generated at a mobile client device corresponding to a query media, comprising: receiving the media query data from the mobile client device, the media query data comprising feature data of one or more features of the query media encoded by one or more similarity preserving hashing functions into a plurality of hash bits and coordinate data for each of the one or more features; matching, on a server computer system, the one or more of the features of the query media with one or more corresponding features of a media database using the feature data of the query media to identify one or more features of the media database within a predetermined hamming distance in one or more hash tables from the one or more corresponding features of the query media to obtain one or more matched features in the media database, the features of the query media and the features of the media database each being assigned to one of a plurality of entries of the one or more hash tables using the plurality of hash bits as table indexes; determining, on the server computer system, one or more candidate media whose number of matched features exceeds a matched feature threshold; generating, on the server computer system, a geometry similarity score between the query media and each of the one or more candidate media using the feature data and the coordinate data; ranking, on the server computer system, the one or more candidate media based on the numbers of matched features and the geometry similarity score; and sending the ranked candidate media to the mobile client device.

1. A method for determining one or more ranked candidate media in response to media query data generated at a mobile client device corresponding to a query media, comprising: receiving the media query data from the mobile client device, the media query data comprising feature data of one or more features of the query media encoded by one or more similarity preserving hashing functions into a plurality of hash bits and coordinate data for each of the one or more features; matching, on a server computer system, the one or more of the features of the query media with one or more corresponding features of a media database using the feature data of the query media to identify one or more features of the media database within a predetermined hamming distance in one or more hash tables from the one or more corresponding features of the query media to obtain one or more matched features in the media database, the features of the query media and the features of the media database each being assigned to one of a plurality of entries of the one or more hash tables using the plurality of hash bits as table indexes; determining, on the server computer system, one or more candidate media whose number of matched features exceeds a matched feature threshold; generating, on the server computer system, a geometry similarity score between the query media and each of the one or more candidate media using the feature data and the coordinate data; ranking, on the server computer system, the one or more candidate media based on the numbers of matched features and the geometry similarity score; and sending the ranked candidate media to the mobile client device. 11. The method of claim 1 , wherein ranking the one or more candidate media comprises: ranking the candidate media by the number of matched features, for each of the one or more candidate media, combining the geometry similarity score and the boundary similarity score, and reranking the candidate media using the combined score.

1. A computer-implemented method comprising the step of: replacing one or more existing Boolean features in one or more cases of a case-based reasoning system with domain-specific instantiations of a parent schema; evolving non-zero weights for the cases including the domain-specific instantiations of the parent schema; and creating a symmetric schema by combining at least two distinct and domain-specific instantiations of the parent schema.

1. A computer-implemented method comprising the step of: replacing one or more existing Boolean features in one or more cases of a case-based reasoning system with domain-specific instantiations of a parent schema; evolving non-zero weights for the cases including the domain-specific instantiations of the parent schema; and creating a symmetric schema by combining at least two distinct and domain-specific instantiations of the parent schema. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the parent schema is user-provided.

11. A method of designing an integrated circuit, comprising: employing at least a first EDA tool to create a functional circuit of an IC design, synthesize a logical circuit based on said functional circuit and implement a physical layout of said logical circuit; employing at least a second EDA tool for verifying that each of said functional circuit, said logical circuit and said physical layout satisfies a rule-set for said IC design, wherein said rule-set is context-based and progressive; modifying said functional circuit, said logical circuit or said physical layout if needed according to said verifying.

11. A method of designing an integrated circuit, comprising: employing at least a first EDA tool to create a functional circuit of an IC design, synthesize a logical circuit based on said functional circuit and implement a physical layout of said logical circuit; employing at least a second EDA tool for verifying that each of said functional circuit, said logical circuit and said physical layout satisfies a rule-set for said IC design, wherein said rule-set is context-based and progressive; modifying said functional circuit, said logical circuit or said physical layout if needed according to said verifying. 14. The method as recited in claim 11 wherein said rule-set includes different categories of rules selected from the group consisting of: clock/reset rules, connectivity rules, timing rules and physical rules.

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising, for each component name: identifying at least one version of the component name; and performing said determining and executing with respect to said at least one identified version of the component name.

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising, for each component name: identifying at least one version of the component name; and performing said determining and executing with respect to said at least one identified version of the component name. 12. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least two versions of a component name map to a same candidate name with respective probability scores associated therewith, further comprising producing a consolidated probability score associated with the same candidate name based on the respective probability scores.

18. A system comprising: a computing device comprising: a memory configured to store instructions; and a processor to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising: attaining data representing features of a font capable of representing one or more glyphs; and determining a rating for pairing the font and at least one other font using a machine learning system and the data representing the features of the font, wherein at least one of the features or at least one category of a set of categories is identified to represent the font by the machine learning system using the features of the font, and wherein the machine learning system produces a vector of numerical values, each numerical value represents one of the features or one of the categories in the set of categories.

18. A system comprising: a computing device comprising: a memory configured to store instructions; and a processor to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising: attaining data representing features of a font capable of representing one or more glyphs; and determining a rating for pairing the font and at least one other font using a machine learning system and the data representing the features of the font, wherein at least one of the features or at least one category of a set of categories is identified to represent the font by the machine learning system using the features of the font, and wherein the machine learning system produces a vector of numerical values, each numerical value represents one of the features or one of the categories in the set of categories. 31. The system of claim 18 , wherein the features are attained from one or more bitmaps of one or more characters of the font.

9. A method comprising: creating a specification for constructing a web display to contain page components that display data from heterogeneous data sources, the specification associating the page components with uniform resource locators assigned to the page components; storing the specification in at least one memory; retrieving data from heterogeneous data sources to produce the web display; controlling display and/or update of the page components using the uniform resource locators, the web display to display at least some of the data from the heterogeneous data sources; associating one or more user-specific changes to the page components, the user-specific changes comprising a layout change to a page layout for a page including the page components; tracking the one or more user-specific changes to the page components to allow users to make changes to the page components; and providing user-selectable options to dynamically undo at least some of the one or more user-specific changes to the page components.

9. A method comprising: creating a specification for constructing a web display to contain page components that display data from heterogeneous data sources, the specification associating the page components with uniform resource locators assigned to the page components; storing the specification in at least one memory; retrieving data from heterogeneous data sources to produce the web display; controlling display and/or update of the page components using the uniform resource locators, the web display to display at least some of the data from the heterogeneous data sources; associating one or more user-specific changes to the page components, the user-specific changes comprising a layout change to a page layout for a page including the page components; tracking the one or more user-specific changes to the page components to allow users to make changes to the page components; and providing user-selectable options to dynamically undo at least some of the one or more user-specific changes to the page components. 11. The method of claim 9 , wherein versions of the page are stored at a remote server.

1. A method for operating an intelligent automated assistant, comprising: at an electronic device comprising a processor and memory storing instructions for execution by the processor: storing a plurality of predefined domains each representing a respective area of service offered by the intelligent automated assistant, wherein each of the predefined domains comprises a respective plurality of concepts and one or more relations relating the respective plurality of concepts, wherein each predefined domain is associated with at least one task flow specifying steps for performing a respective task in the predefined domain, and wherein each of the predefined domains is associated with a respective plurality of words relevant to the predefined domain; obtaining a text string derived from a user request, the text string including at least one or more words derived from a speech input received from a user; from the plurality of predefined domains, identifying a relevant domain for the user request based at least on respective degrees of match between the text string derived from the user request and the respective plurality of words associated with each predefined domain; and executing a task in accordance with steps specified in a task flow associated with the relevant domain, and in accordance with one or more task parameters derived from the user request.

1. A method for operating an intelligent automated assistant, comprising: at an electronic device comprising a processor and memory storing instructions for execution by the processor: storing a plurality of predefined domains each representing a respective area of service offered by the intelligent automated assistant, wherein each of the predefined domains comprises a respective plurality of concepts and one or more relations relating the respective plurality of concepts, wherein each predefined domain is associated with at least one task flow specifying steps for performing a respective task in the predefined domain, and wherein each of the predefined domains is associated with a respective plurality of words relevant to the predefined domain; obtaining a text string derived from a user request, the text string including at least one or more words derived from a speech input received from a user; from the plurality of predefined domains, identifying a relevant domain for the user request based at least on respective degrees of match between the text string derived from the user request and the respective plurality of words associated with each predefined domain; and executing a task in accordance with steps specified in a task flow associated with the relevant domain, and in accordance with one or more task parameters derived from the user request. 3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of predefined domains is associated with a respective service model specifying an API for accessing one or more functions of an application or web-based service on behalf of the user, the application or web-based service operable to provide the one or more functions directly to the user through a user interface of the application or web-based service.

10. A method of synchronizing bookmarks comprising: receiving, over a communications network from a first computing device executing a first browser, one or more bookmarks comprising data indicative of one or more web documents, the one or more bookmarks being linked to a user; storing the one or more bookmarks and information indicative of the user in a bookmark repository accessible to a multimodal platform, the bookmark repository configured to store a plurality of bookmarks and accessible, over the communications network, to a plurality of computing devices; receiving, over the communications network from a second computing device executing a second browser, a request for the one or more of the user's bookmarks that are stored in the bookmark repository and data indicating that the request is associated with the user; and in response to confirmation of the received data, sending the requested one or more bookmarks to the second computing device over the communications network, wherein the second browser configured to execute on the second computing device is configured to navigate to the one or more web documents using the one or more bookmarks.

10. A method of synchronizing bookmarks comprising: receiving, over a communications network from a first computing device executing a first browser, one or more bookmarks comprising data indicative of one or more web documents, the one or more bookmarks being linked to a user; storing the one or more bookmarks and information indicative of the user in a bookmark repository accessible to a multimodal platform, the bookmark repository configured to store a plurality of bookmarks and accessible, over the communications network, to a plurality of computing devices; receiving, over the communications network from a second computing device executing a second browser, a request for the one or more of the user's bookmarks that are stored in the bookmark repository and data indicating that the request is associated with the user; and in response to confirmation of the received data, sending the requested one or more bookmarks to the second computing device over the communications network, wherein the second browser configured to execute on the second computing device is configured to navigate to the one or more web documents using the one or more bookmarks. 13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the bookmarks are associated with a user identifier.

1. A method for mentally investing a reader in a story comprising: providing the reader with a hybrid book comprising the story, the hybrid book including: pages of text embodying a text portion of the story, a computer readable medium with stored spoken presentation data corresponding to an audible portion of the story, the audible portion being wholly distinct from the text portion of the story, and an audio device configured to make audible the spoken presentation data; providing the reader with a summary document which summarizes aspects of the story, the summary document including at least a partial list of people, animals, or creatures discussed in the story; and making audible the stored spoken presentation date, with the audio device after the reader has received the summary document and prior to the reader reading the pages of text embodying the text portion of the story, wherein the audible portion represents a beginning portion of the story and corresponds to a given number of pages of text omitted from the text portion of the story.

1. A method for mentally investing a reader in a story comprising: providing the reader with a hybrid book comprising the story, the hybrid book including: pages of text embodying a text portion of the story, a computer readable medium with stored spoken presentation data corresponding to an audible portion of the story, the audible portion being wholly distinct from the text portion of the story, and an audio device configured to make audible the spoken presentation data; providing the reader with a summary document which summarizes aspects of the story, the summary document including at least a partial list of people, animals, or creatures discussed in the story; and making audible the stored spoken presentation date, with the audio device after the reader has received the summary document and prior to the reader reading the pages of text embodying the text portion of the story, wherein the audible portion represents a beginning portion of the story and corresponds to a given number of pages of text omitted from the text portion of the story. 7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the summary document includes a description of the partial list of people, animals, or creatures discussed in the story.

1. A method for providing a summary of a plurality of images, the method comprising the acts of: dividing by a processor the plurality of images into a plurality of segments, each segment comprising at least one image; analyzing the each segment with respect to content and associating a set of content descriptors resulting from the analyzing act; establishing relations between the plurality of segments based on the content descriptors, wherein each relation between first and second segments has one or more weights associated thereto, the one or more weights representing a measure of relation between the first and second segments; determining for the each segment a relevance parameter based on the weights associated with relations to said segment; and generating a summary by selecting a subset of segments from the plurality of segments based on the relevance parameters associated with the segments, wherein the relevance parameter of each segment is based on a sum of all weights associated with relations to said segment.

1. A method for providing a summary of a plurality of images, the method comprising the acts of: dividing by a processor the plurality of images into a plurality of segments, each segment comprising at least one image; analyzing the each segment with respect to content and associating a set of content descriptors resulting from the analyzing act; establishing relations between the plurality of segments based on the content descriptors, wherein each relation between first and second segments has one or more weights associated thereto, the one or more weights representing a measure of relation between the first and second segments; determining for the each segment a relevance parameter based on the weights associated with relations to said segment; and generating a summary by selecting a subset of segments from the plurality of segments based on the relevance parameters associated with the segments, wherein the relevance parameter of each segment is based on a sum of all weights associated with relations to said segment. 6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the relations include at least one relation based on a distance in time between the first and second segments.

1. A method of detecting script language viruses in data streams comprising: using a processor for: preparing language description data corresponding to at least one script language; preparing detection data for viral code corresponding to a script language virus; lexically analyzing a data stream to identify the at least one script language; lexically analyzing the data stream using the language description data to generate a stream of tokens; generating viral code detection data by analyzing a plurality of samples of polymorphic script language viral code; and lexically analyzing the stream of tokens using the detection data and the language description data to identify the script language virus.

1. A method of detecting script language viruses in data streams comprising: using a processor for: preparing language description data corresponding to at least one script language; preparing detection data for viral code corresponding to a script language virus; lexically analyzing a data stream to identify the at least one script language; lexically analyzing the data stream using the language description data to generate a stream of tokens; generating viral code detection data by analyzing a plurality of samples of polymorphic script language viral code; and lexically analyzing the stream of tokens using the detection data and the language description data to identify the script language virus. 10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the data stream is converted to a stream of tokens using lexical analysis.

1. For a database having plural tables, each of plural columns, stored in memory, a processor controlled method of generating indexes comprising: identifying importance values for individual database requests; and designing indexes to tables for the requests by identifying, by order of request importance, candidate indexes for requests, searching previously identified indexes for an index that is similar to each candidate index, and building upon previously identified indexes by reusing existing indexes and modifying existing indexes based upon match between indexes and upon importance values of requests for which the indexes are created.

1. For a database having plural tables, each of plural columns, stored in memory, a processor controlled method of generating indexes comprising: identifying importance values for individual database requests; and designing indexes to tables for the requests by identifying, by order of request importance, candidate indexes for requests, searching previously identified indexes for an index that is similar to each candidate index, and building upon previously identified indexes by reusing existing indexes and modifying existing indexes based upon match between indexes and upon importance values of requests for which the indexes are created. 24. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the step of adding columns to indexes for index only retrieval.

2. The system of claim 1 , the operations further comprising determining justification penalties for a plurality of text lines in a paragraph layout.

2. The system of claim 1 , the operations further comprising determining justification penalties for a plurality of text lines in a paragraph layout. 6. The system of claim 2 , the operations further comprising: identifying one or more alternative paragraph layouts in which one or more text lines contain a different number of words relative to a previous paragraph layout; and determining justification penalty values for a plurality of text lines associated with a plurality of alternative paragraph layouts.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium recording a regular rule learning program, the program causing a computer to perform: analyzing a corpus of sentences to find semantic relationships between sentence constituents that are responsible for specific senses of words in that sentence by describing the semantic relationships and grammatical relations that are actuated in the sentence, wherein the syntactical features of the corpus of sentences are given to create a set of regular rules, a regular rule does not depend on a history or applying any other rules in the set of regular rules.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium recording a regular rule learning program, the program causing a computer to perform: analyzing a corpus of sentences to find semantic relationships between sentence constituents that are responsible for specific senses of words in that sentence by describing the semantic relationships and grammatical relations that are actuated in the sentence, wherein the syntactical features of the corpus of sentences are given to create a set of regular rules, a regular rule does not depend on a history or applying any other rules in the set of regular rules. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 10 , wherein the lexical features are calculated from the corpus of sentences stored in the database prior to the syntactical features being given to the corpus of sentences.

7. A system comprising: an electronic data store configured to store transcription information; and one or more computing devices in communication with the electronic data store, the one or more computing systems configured to at least: receive a first transcription comprising first text and second text, wherein the first transcription was created by transcribing first audio data using a speech recognition engine configured to filter the first transcription by automatically replacing one or more words with corresponding numbers or digits formatted as a telephone number; receive a first value associated with the first text and a second value associated with the second text; and cause presentation of the first text with a first graphical element indicating the first value and a second graphical element indicating the second value.

7. A system comprising: an electronic data store configured to store transcription information; and one or more computing devices in communication with the electronic data store, the one or more computing systems configured to at least: receive a first transcription comprising first text and second text, wherein the first transcription was created by transcribing first audio data using a speech recognition engine configured to filter the first transcription by automatically replacing one or more words with corresponding numbers or digits formatted as a telephone number; receive a first value associated with the first text and a second value associated with the second text; and cause presentation of the first text with a first graphical element indicating the first value and a second graphical element indicating the second value. 10. The system of claim 7 , wherein the first audio data comprises at least part of a voicemail message.

1. A method for generating a notification by an electronic device, comprising: receiving a speech phrase; recognizing, by a processor, the speech phrase as a command to generate the notification; detecting, by at least one sensor, context data of the electronic device; determining a context score associated with the context data; determining, by the processor, whether to generate the notification at least based on a comparison of the context score to a threshold value; and generating the notification based on the comparison.

1. A method for generating a notification by an electronic device, comprising: receiving a speech phrase; recognizing, by a processor, the speech phrase as a command to generate the notification; detecting, by at least one sensor, context data of the electronic device; determining a context score associated with the context data; determining, by the processor, whether to generate the notification at least based on a comparison of the context score to a threshold value; and generating the notification based on the comparison. 5. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether to generate the notification comprises determining whether the context data includes a user input.

1. A computer-implemented method for providing a graphical representation of a plurality of items in a collaborative innovation environment, the method comprising: initiating a collaborative innovation process with a seed item wherein the seed item includes an idea, a question, an opinion or a statement for which a result is sought, and innovating one or more idea items directly or indirectly in response to the seed item to determine the result for the seed item based on the one or more idea items in the collaborative innovation process, wherein the seed item and the one or more idea items comprise a plurality of items; providing, by a processor to a device of a user, a list of a plurality of seed items in a graphical user interface; providing, by the processor to the device of the user in the graphical user interface, a graphical representation of the plurality of items including a seed item selected by the user from the plurality of seed items and one or more idea items innovated in response to the selected seed item, each item of the plurality of items having an association with at least one other item in the graphical representation, wherein each item of the plurality of items is represented by a shape and the association of each item with the at least one other item is represented by a line between each shape representing each item and each shape representing the at least one other item, wherein the line between each shape representing each item and each shape representing the at least one other item identifies whether the item is an idea item that was innovated from the at least one other item; receiving, by the processor from the device of the user, a request to associate a first metric of the plurality of items with a size of each shape representing each respective item, wherein the size of each shape is based on a first value of the first metric of each respective item; receiving, by the processor from the device of the user, a request to associate a second metric of the plurality of items with a color of each shape representing each respective item, wherein the color of each shape is based on a second value of the second metric of each respective item; transforming, by the processor, the graphical representation of the plurality of items such that the size of each shape representing each respective item is based on the first value of the first metric of each respective item and the color of each shape representing each respective item is based on the second value of the second metric of each respective item; transforming, by the processor, the plurality of items into a textual outline representation of the plurality of items; providing, by the processor to the device of the user, the transformed graphical representation and the textual outline representation of the plurality of items in the graphical user interface, wherein the transformed graphical representation of the plurality of items and the textual outline representation of the plurality of items are simultaneously displayed on the device of the user in a graphical representation display area and a textual outline display area respectively, wherein the graphical representation display area and the textual outline display area are each a responsive display area to each other; responsively, reflecting actions performed in either the graphical representation display area or the textual outline display area in the responsive display area of the other, including: creating an item innovated from one of the plurality of items in the responsive display area of the other in instances when one of the plurality of items is selected and when a selection is received from a user selection made in either the graphical representation display area or the textual outline display area; and receiving, by the processor from the device of the user, a request to search through a set of idea items of the plurality of items based on a characteristic of an idea item, wherein the set of idea items to be searched based on the characteristic is determined based on a user selection that indicates whether to search all of the one or more idea items or to search only a subset of the one or more idea items that have received a specified rating; moving a user-selected one item of the plurality of items having an association with the at least one other item in the graphical representation to a user-selected destination by: disassociating the user-selected one item of the plurality of items from an item it was innovated from; associating the user-selected one item of the plurality of items with another item based on user input; providing by the processor to the device of the user a preview for display of the graphical representation including the moved user-selected one item of the plurality of items to the destination item; and allowing the user to cancel or confirm the move of the user-selected one item of the plurality of items; wherein in response to a click of a move descendants button in a user interface by the user, including the descendants of the user-selected one item of the plurality of items in the moving of the user-selected one item of the plurality of items to the user-selected destination, and including the descendants of the moved user-selected one item of the plurality of items in the preview for display of the graphical representation; in response to a click of a like it button or a click of a don't like it button in the graphical user interface, entering a rating of a selected item in the graphical user interface; in response to a click of an enhance button in the graphical user interface allowing a user to create an item enhancing a selected item in the graphical user interface; in response to a click of an edit button in the graphical user interface allowing a user to edit a selected item in the graphical user interface; and in response to a click of a delete button in the graphical user interface deleting a selected item in the graphical user interface; wherein the graphical user interface includes the like it button, the don't like it button, the enhance button, the edit button and the delete button.

1. A computer-implemented method for providing a graphical representation of a plurality of items in a collaborative innovation environment, the method comprising: initiating a collaborative innovation process with a seed item wherein the seed item includes an idea, a question, an opinion or a statement for which a result is sought, and innovating one or more idea items directly or indirectly in response to the seed item to determine the result for the seed item based on the one or more idea items in the collaborative innovation process, wherein the seed item and the one or more idea items comprise a plurality of items; providing, by a processor to a device of a user, a list of a plurality of seed items in a graphical user interface; providing, by the processor to the device of the user in the graphical user interface, a graphical representation of the plurality of items including a seed item selected by the user from the plurality of seed items and one or more idea items innovated in response to the selected seed item, each item of the plurality of items having an association with at least one other item in the graphical representation, wherein each item of the plurality of items is represented by a shape and the association of each item with the at least one other item is represented by a line between each shape representing each item and each shape representing the at least one other item, wherein the line between each shape representing each item and each shape representing the at least one other item identifies whether the item is an idea item that was innovated from the at least one other item; receiving, by the processor from the device of the user, a request to associate a first metric of the plurality of items with a size of each shape representing each respective item, wherein the size of each shape is based on a first value of the first metric of each respective item; receiving, by the processor from the device of the user, a request to associate a second metric of the plurality of items with a color of each shape representing each respective item, wherein the color of each shape is based on a second value of the second metric of each respective item; transforming, by the processor, the graphical representation of the plurality of items such that the size of each shape representing each respective item is based on the first value of the first metric of each respective item and the color of each shape representing each respective item is based on the second value of the second metric of each respective item; transforming, by the processor, the plurality of items into a textual outline representation of the plurality of items; providing, by the processor to the device of the user, the transformed graphical representation and the textual outline representation of the plurality of items in the graphical user interface, wherein the transformed graphical representation of the plurality of items and the textual outline representation of the plurality of items are simultaneously displayed on the device of the user in a graphical representation display area and a textual outline display area respectively, wherein the graphical representation display area and the textual outline display area are each a responsive display area to each other; responsively, reflecting actions performed in either the graphical representation display area or the textual outline display area in the responsive display area of the other, including: creating an item innovated from one of the plurality of items in the responsive display area of the other in instances when one of the plurality of items is selected and when a selection is received from a user selection made in either the graphical representation display area or the textual outline display area; and receiving, by the processor from the device of the user, a request to search through a set of idea items of the plurality of items based on a characteristic of an idea item, wherein the set of idea items to be searched based on the characteristic is determined based on a user selection that indicates whether to search all of the one or more idea items or to search only a subset of the one or more idea items that have received a specified rating; moving a user-selected one item of the plurality of items having an association with the at least one other item in the graphical representation to a user-selected destination by: disassociating the user-selected one item of the plurality of items from an item it was innovated from; associating the user-selected one item of the plurality of items with another item based on user input; providing by the processor to the device of the user a preview for display of the graphical representation including the moved user-selected one item of the plurality of items to the destination item; and allowing the user to cancel or confirm the move of the user-selected one item of the plurality of items; wherein in response to a click of a move descendants button in a user interface by the user, including the descendants of the user-selected one item of the plurality of items in the moving of the user-selected one item of the plurality of items to the user-selected destination, and including the descendants of the moved user-selected one item of the plurality of items in the preview for display of the graphical representation; in response to a click of a like it button or a click of a don't like it button in the graphical user interface, entering a rating of a selected item in the graphical user interface; in response to a click of an enhance button in the graphical user interface allowing a user to create an item enhancing a selected item in the graphical user interface; in response to a click of an edit button in the graphical user interface allowing a user to edit a selected item in the graphical user interface; and in response to a click of a delete button in the graphical user interface deleting a selected item in the graphical user interface; wherein the graphical user interface includes the like it button, the don't like it button, the enhance button, the edit button and the delete button. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the first metric comprises at least one of a number of views of each item, an age of each item, a status of each item, a rating of each item, a number of times each items was shared, a number of total votes each item received, a geographic location of a user who provided the each item, or a department the user who provided each item belongs to.

13. A computing-device implemented method, comprising: providing, by an age verification server, a query to a user, receiving, by the age verification server, voice data from the user responsive to the query, performing, by the age verification server, voice recognition on the voice data to identify a query answer, calculating, by the age verification server, a confidence score associated with the query answer, wherein the confidence score represents the likelihood that the query answer has been accurately identified, and determining, by the age verification server, a likely age range associated with the user based on the confidence score, wherein the voice recognition is performed in a manner to increase a likelihood of recognition of voice data for a particular age range of callers.

13. A computing-device implemented method, comprising: providing, by an age verification server, a query to a user, receiving, by the age verification server, voice data from the user responsive to the query, performing, by the age verification server, voice recognition on the voice data to identify a query answer, calculating, by the age verification server, a confidence score associated with the query answer, wherein the confidence score represents the likelihood that the query answer has been accurately identified, and determining, by the age verification server, a likely age range associated with the user based on the confidence score, wherein the voice recognition is performed in a manner to increase a likelihood of recognition of voice data for a particular age range of callers. 17. The computing-device implemented method of claim 13 , further comprising: weighting, by the age verification server, the confidence score based on a confidence score weighting factor; weighting, by the age verification server, the correctness of the query answer based on a correctness weighting factor; weighting, by the age verification server, the response time based on a response time weighting factor; and determining, by the age verification server, the likely age range associated with the user based on the weighted confidence score, the weighted correctness of the query answer, and the weighted response time.

70. A computer program product embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, comprising: computer code for displaying at least one window in connection with a website; computer code for displaying, utilizing the at least one window, a stock-related field; computer code for receiving a plurality of characters of text from a user as the user is typing the text utilizing the stock-related field; computer code for dynamically determining, after the user types each character in the received text, whether the characters typed so far match one or more text strings in one of a plurality of n-tuples including at least two text strings, each of the plurality of n-tuples including first text representing a stock ticker symbol and second text representing a company name corresponding to the stock ticker symbol; computer code for indicating to the user that a match has been found, utilizing the at least one window, if it is determined that the characters typed so far match the one or more text strings in the one of the plurality of n-tuples; computer code for displaying, utilizing the at least one window, a plurality of message summaries; wherein the plurality of message summaries comprise first information derived from a first message of a plurality of first messages and second information derived from a second message of a plurality of second messages associated with at least one online forum; computer code for displaying, utilizing the at least one window, a first set of representations; computer code for receiving first input from the user indicating a selection of one of the first set of representations; computer code for displaying a second set of representations representing a set of hyperlinks, utilizing the at least one window, in response to receiving the first input; computer code for receiving second input from the user indicating a selection of one of the second set of representations; and computer code for navigating to a destination specified by the selected one of the second set of representations, in response to receiving the second input.

70. A computer program product embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, comprising: computer code for displaying at least one window in connection with a website; computer code for displaying, utilizing the at least one window, a stock-related field; computer code for receiving a plurality of characters of text from a user as the user is typing the text utilizing the stock-related field; computer code for dynamically determining, after the user types each character in the received text, whether the characters typed so far match one or more text strings in one of a plurality of n-tuples including at least two text strings, each of the plurality of n-tuples including first text representing a stock ticker symbol and second text representing a company name corresponding to the stock ticker symbol; computer code for indicating to the user that a match has been found, utilizing the at least one window, if it is determined that the characters typed so far match the one or more text strings in the one of the plurality of n-tuples; computer code for displaying, utilizing the at least one window, a plurality of message summaries; wherein the plurality of message summaries comprise first information derived from a first message of a plurality of first messages and second information derived from a second message of a plurality of second messages associated with at least one online forum; computer code for displaying, utilizing the at least one window, a first set of representations; computer code for receiving first input from the user indicating a selection of one of the first set of representations; computer code for displaying a second set of representations representing a set of hyperlinks, utilizing the at least one window, in response to receiving the first input; computer code for receiving second input from the user indicating a selection of one of the second set of representations; and computer code for navigating to a destination specified by the selected one of the second set of representations, in response to receiving the second input. 207. The computer program product of claim 70 , wherein the computer program product is operable such that the first set of representations is displayed in a first portion of a web page, and a content associated with the first set of representations is displayed in a second portion of the web page.

1. A method for processing a communication sequentially transmitted across a chain of links, each link in the chain of links comprising at least one characteristic selected from the group consisting of an identifier of said each link, an identifier of a sender of the communication at said each link, and a date on which the communication was sent from said each link, and combinations thereof, said method being implemented by execution of program code instructions on a data processing system at a second link in the chain for the communication directly received at the second link from a first link in the chain, said communication comprising an electronic document with an attached file, said method comprising: selecting the file from the communication; determining an existing filename of the selected file, said existing filename comprising a generic filename component denoted as Filename.ext that does not relate to the at least one characteristic of any link in the chain; identifying from an encoding rule at least one field in the document; selecting referential data from the at least one field in accordance with the encoding rule, said referential data including a subset of the at least one characteristic of the first link; generating a new filename for the selected file by encoding the selected referential data and merging the encoded referential data with Filename.ext in accordance with the encoding rule and in accordance with at least one lexicographic rule of a file manager of the data processing system; renaming the selected file with the new filename, said new filename comprising Filename.ext; detaching the selected file from the document; storing the detached file on a first storage of the data processing system, said stored file on the first storage having the new filename; parsing the new filename in accordance with the encoding rule and in accordance with the at least one lexicographic rule to generate a parsed filename from the new filename; decoding the referential data from the parsed filename; and displaying the decoded referential data.

1. A method for processing a communication sequentially transmitted across a chain of links, each link in the chain of links comprising at least one characteristic selected from the group consisting of an identifier of said each link, an identifier of a sender of the communication at said each link, and a date on which the communication was sent from said each link, and combinations thereof, said method being implemented by execution of program code instructions on a data processing system at a second link in the chain for the communication directly received at the second link from a first link in the chain, said communication comprising an electronic document with an attached file, said method comprising: selecting the file from the communication; determining an existing filename of the selected file, said existing filename comprising a generic filename component denoted as Filename.ext that does not relate to the at least one characteristic of any link in the chain; identifying from an encoding rule at least one field in the document; selecting referential data from the at least one field in accordance with the encoding rule, said referential data including a subset of the at least one characteristic of the first link; generating a new filename for the selected file by encoding the selected referential data and merging the encoded referential data with Filename.ext in accordance with the encoding rule and in accordance with at least one lexicographic rule of a file manager of the data processing system; renaming the selected file with the new filename, said new filename comprising Filename.ext; detaching the selected file from the document; storing the detached file on a first storage of the data processing system, said stored file on the first storage having the new filename; parsing the new filename in accordance with the encoding rule and in accordance with the at least one lexicographic rule to generate a parsed filename from the new filename; decoding the referential data from the parsed filename; and displaying the decoded referential data. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the existing filename consists of Filename.ext.

8. A method for translating or editing the text of documents created by second-language speakers in a source language locality by a group of users on client computers connected to at least one server in a network, the documents being intended for use by native speakers in a target language locality, the method comprising the steps of: providing at least one database table for storing data records for terms which are misused by the second language speakers, wherein each of the data records comprises a misused term, a correct counterpart, and a correspondent explanation; generating a user interface for each user of the group of users for sharing the terms, wherein the user interface supports a search tool for searching the terms on the at least one server and a data entry tool for entering the terms on at least one database table on the at least one server; sending a document, as a source document, to the client computer of any user of the group of users for review; identifying in the source document each of the terms which is misused for collection, wherein each of the terms is collected by the any user of the group of users by opening a data entry form of the data entry tool; filling in the data entry form with the term, the correct counterpart, and the correspondent explanation, as a data record; submitting the filled data entry form to the at least one server; getting the data record from the submitted data entry form; and saving the data record in the at least one database table on the at least one server for immediate access by all users of the group of users; obtaining a document, as a subject document, from the at least one server or a computer on the network, and storing the subject document on the client computer of the any user of the group of users, wherein the subject document contains at least one misused term; editing the subject document in a suitable word processing application by the any user of the group of users on the client computer, wherein the subject document is edited by correcting obvious typing, spelling, or grammar errors; identifying each of the at least one misused term, searching each of the misused terms in the at least one database table on the at least one server to find its correct counterpart, and replacing each of the at least one misused term with the correct counterpart or correcting the at least one misused term according to the correspondent explanation; and/or adding annotations for terms which are associated with the source language context; saving the subject document, as an edited subject document, on the client computer; and uploading the edited subject document to the at least one server for storage by using a document uploading form or emailing the edited subject document to a designated email address.

8. A method for translating or editing the text of documents created by second-language speakers in a source language locality by a group of users on client computers connected to at least one server in a network, the documents being intended for use by native speakers in a target language locality, the method comprising the steps of: providing at least one database table for storing data records for terms which are misused by the second language speakers, wherein each of the data records comprises a misused term, a correct counterpart, and a correspondent explanation; generating a user interface for each user of the group of users for sharing the terms, wherein the user interface supports a search tool for searching the terms on the at least one server and a data entry tool for entering the terms on at least one database table on the at least one server; sending a document, as a source document, to the client computer of any user of the group of users for review; identifying in the source document each of the terms which is misused for collection, wherein each of the terms is collected by the any user of the group of users by opening a data entry form of the data entry tool; filling in the data entry form with the term, the correct counterpart, and the correspondent explanation, as a data record; submitting the filled data entry form to the at least one server; getting the data record from the submitted data entry form; and saving the data record in the at least one database table on the at least one server for immediate access by all users of the group of users; obtaining a document, as a subject document, from the at least one server or a computer on the network, and storing the subject document on the client computer of the any user of the group of users, wherein the subject document contains at least one misused term; editing the subject document in a suitable word processing application by the any user of the group of users on the client computer, wherein the subject document is edited by correcting obvious typing, spelling, or grammar errors; identifying each of the at least one misused term, searching each of the misused terms in the at least one database table on the at least one server to find its correct counterpart, and replacing each of the at least one misused term with the correct counterpart or correcting the at least one misused term according to the correspondent explanation; and/or adding annotations for terms which are associated with the source language context; saving the subject document, as an edited subject document, on the client computer; and uploading the edited subject document to the at least one server for storage by using a document uploading form or emailing the edited subject document to a designated email address. 12. The method of claim 8 , further comprising the steps of identifying a quoted term in a language used in the locality of document creation in a source document by any user of the group of users on the client computer, entering the quoted term with a correspondent term in the at least one database table on the at least one server by using a data entry form, searching a subject document using the quoted terms in the at least one database table by any user of the group of users, and replacing each of the found quoted terms by its correspondent term for the target language context.

11. A computer-readable storage medium containing instructions for controlling a computing device to identify questions related to a queried question, by a method comprising: providing a collection of questions, each question having terms, each term having a topic and a focus, the topics and focuses of the questions of the collection are identified by generating a question tree of the questions of the collection and generating a cut of the question tree, a topic of a question comprising the terms of the question before the cut and the focus of a question comprising the terms of the question after the cut; for each topic and for each term in the questions of the collection, calculating a probability of generating that term from a language model of the topic; for each focus and for each term in the questions of the collection, calculating a probability of generating that term from a language model of the focus; receiving a queried question having terms; identifying a queried topic and a queried focus of the question; for each of a plurality of questions of the collection, calculating a topic probability of the queried topic that factors in a probability of generating the terms of the queried topic from a language model of the topic of the question, a collection probability of the terms occurring in the collection to account for sparseness of a term in the collection, and a translation probability that a term of the queried question is a translation of a term of a question; calculating a focus probability of the queried focus that factors in a probability of generating the terms of the queried focus from a language model of the focus of the question, a collection probability of the terms occurring in the collection to account for sparseness of a term in the collection, and a translation probability that a term of the queried question is a translation of a term of a question; and generating a probability that the queried question is from a language model of the question using a weighted combination of the calculated topic probability and the calculated focus probability of the question.

11. A computer-readable storage medium containing instructions for controlling a computing device to identify questions related to a queried question, by a method comprising: providing a collection of questions, each question having terms, each term having a topic and a focus, the topics and focuses of the questions of the collection are identified by generating a question tree of the questions of the collection and generating a cut of the question tree, a topic of a question comprising the terms of the question before the cut and the focus of a question comprising the terms of the question after the cut; for each topic and for each term in the questions of the collection, calculating a probability of generating that term from a language model of the topic; for each focus and for each term in the questions of the collection, calculating a probability of generating that term from a language model of the focus; receiving a queried question having terms; identifying a queried topic and a queried focus of the question; for each of a plurality of questions of the collection, calculating a topic probability of the queried topic that factors in a probability of generating the terms of the queried topic from a language model of the topic of the question, a collection probability of the terms occurring in the collection to account for sparseness of a term in the collection, and a translation probability that a term of the queried question is a translation of a term of a question; calculating a focus probability of the queried focus that factors in a probability of generating the terms of the queried focus from a language model of the focus of the question, a collection probability of the terms occurring in the collection to account for sparseness of a term in the collection, and a translation probability that a term of the queried question is a translation of a term of a question; and generating a probability that the queried question is from a language model of the question using a weighted combination of the calculated topic probability and the calculated focus probability of the question. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11 wherein the calculated topic probability is a weighted linear combination of an estimated calculated topic probability and the probability of the terms occurring the collection.

6. An interface according to claim 4 further comprising: means for converting prohibited digital data characters from the instrument into digital characters which are allowed inputs to the host computer.

6. An interface according to claim 4 further comprising: means for converting prohibited digital data characters from the instrument into digital characters which are allowed inputs to the host computer. 40. A method according to claim 6 wherein the first translator element and the converting means comprise a programmable read-only memory.

1. A method for delivering dynamic media content to collaborators, the method comprising: providing collaborative event media content, wherein the collaborative event media content further comprises a grammar and a structured document, wherein the grammar is a data structure associating key phrases with presentation actions that facilitates a collaborator navigating the structured document of the collaborative event media content using speech commands; providing data identifying a client's location; storing, in the context server in a data structure comprising a dynamic client context for the client, the data identifying the client's location; detecting an event in dependence upon the dynamic client context, said event being characterized by an event type; identifying one or more collaborators in dependence upon the dynamic client context and the event, the one or more collaborators each being characterized by a collaborator classification; selecting from the structured document a classified structural element in dependence upon the event type and the collaborator classification for each of the one or more collaborators; and transmitting the selected structural element to the one or more collaborators.

1. A method for delivering dynamic media content to collaborators, the method comprising: providing collaborative event media content, wherein the collaborative event media content further comprises a grammar and a structured document, wherein the grammar is a data structure associating key phrases with presentation actions that facilitates a collaborator navigating the structured document of the collaborative event media content using speech commands; providing data identifying a client's location; storing, in the context server in a data structure comprising a dynamic client context for the client, the data identifying the client's location; detecting an event in dependence upon the dynamic client context, said event being characterized by an event type; identifying one or more collaborators in dependence upon the dynamic client context and the event, the one or more collaborators each being characterized by a collaborator classification; selecting from the structured document a classified structural element in dependence upon the event type and the collaborator classification for each of the one or more collaborators; and transmitting the selected structural element to the one or more collaborators. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein detecting an event in dependence upon the dynamic client context further comprises: detecting a change in a value of a data element in the dynamic client context; and applying event detection rules base to the dynamic client context.

11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising: determining, in response to the updating, that an associated user associated with a contact within at least one of the user's social collaboration platform contacts and the virtual world contacts is online within at least one of the virtual world and the social collaboration platform, respectively; and notifying, in response to determining that the associated user is online, the respective user that the associated user is online within at least one of the social collaboration platform and the virtual world, respectively.

11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising: determining, in response to the updating, that an associated user associated with a contact within at least one of the user's social collaboration platform contacts and the virtual world contacts is online within at least one of the virtual world and the social collaboration platform, respectively; and notifying, in response to determining that the associated user is online, the respective user that the associated user is online within at least one of the social collaboration platform and the virtual world, respectively. 14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: determining that a respective avatar of the associated user is located within the virtual world in proximity to an avatar associated with the respective user, and wherein the notifying further comprises notifying, in response to the determining that a respective avatar of the associated user is located within the virtual world in proximity to an avatar, the respective user that an identity of the avatar associated with the associated user has been verified.

15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media having computer-executable instructions, which when executed perform steps, comprising: identifying one or more previously analyzed and indexed corpuses of natural language texts, each corpus including a plurality of sentences and indexes where indexes include indexes of meanings of linguistic parameters of the sentences and of their lexical units and their relations; wherein the linguistic parameters comprise semantic parameters determined based on syntactico-semantic analysis of at least one sentence in the corpuses; and the syntactico-semantic analysis of the at least one sentence comprises performing a rough syntactic analysis of the at least one sentence generating a graph of generalized constituents of the at least one sentence; performing a precise syntactic analysis on the graph of generalized constituents by generating one or more syntactic trees and determining a syntactic structure of the at least one sentence, wherein the performing of the precise syntactic analysis comprises assessing parts of the one or more syntactic trees using prior and statistical ratings, and generating the one or more syntactic trees in an order of decreasing assessment; semantically analyzing the syntactic structure of the sentence generating a language-independent semantic structure of the at least one sentence; generating one or more of the parameters based on the language-independent semantic structure of the at least one sentence; creating a query for searching sentences satisfying the query; searching for sentences of the previously analyzed and indexed corpuses satisfying the query; and displaying the sentences satisfying the query.

15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media having computer-executable instructions, which when executed perform steps, comprising: identifying one or more previously analyzed and indexed corpuses of natural language texts, each corpus including a plurality of sentences and indexes where indexes include indexes of meanings of linguistic parameters of the sentences and of their lexical units and their relations; wherein the linguistic parameters comprise semantic parameters determined based on syntactico-semantic analysis of at least one sentence in the corpuses; and the syntactico-semantic analysis of the at least one sentence comprises performing a rough syntactic analysis of the at least one sentence generating a graph of generalized constituents of the at least one sentence; performing a precise syntactic analysis on the graph of generalized constituents by generating one or more syntactic trees and determining a syntactic structure of the at least one sentence, wherein the performing of the precise syntactic analysis comprises assessing parts of the one or more syntactic trees using prior and statistical ratings, and generating the one or more syntactic trees in an order of decreasing assessment; semantically analyzing the syntactic structure of the sentence generating a language-independent semantic structure of the at least one sentence; generating one or more of the parameters based on the language-independent semantic structure of the at least one sentence; creating a query for searching sentences satisfying the query; searching for sentences of the previously analyzed and indexed corpuses satisfying the query; and displaying the sentences satisfying the query. 28. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15 , wherein displaying the sentences satisfying the query includes sorting a query result by frequency.

1. A method comprising the following computer-executable acts: analyzing a relationship between a first query and a second query based at least in part upon search results previously selected by users, wherein the search results previously selected by the users were presented to the users in response to submission of the first query and/or the second query to a search engine, wherein analyzing the relationship between the first query and the second query comprises: accessing a data repository that comprises a computer-implemented bipartite graph that includes a first set of nodes and a second set of nodes, wherein the first set of nodes represents queries and the second set of nodes represents URLs, wherein the first set of nodes includes a first node that is representative of the first query and a second node that is representative of the second query, and wherein the graph further comprises edges that are weighted to indicate relationships between queries and URLs; initiating a random walk at the first node; and determining a number of steps in the random walk until the second node is reached in the random walk, wherein a step is from a node in the first set of nodes to another node in the first set of nodes; determining whether the first query is substantially similar to the second query based at least in part upon the number of steps in the random walk until the second node is reached in the random walk; and generating correlation data that correlates the first query and the second query if the first query and second query are determined to be substantially similar.

1. A method comprising the following computer-executable acts: analyzing a relationship between a first query and a second query based at least in part upon search results previously selected by users, wherein the search results previously selected by the users were presented to the users in response to submission of the first query and/or the second query to a search engine, wherein analyzing the relationship between the first query and the second query comprises: accessing a data repository that comprises a computer-implemented bipartite graph that includes a first set of nodes and a second set of nodes, wherein the first set of nodes represents queries and the second set of nodes represents URLs, wherein the first set of nodes includes a first node that is representative of the first query and a second node that is representative of the second query, and wherein the graph further comprises edges that are weighted to indicate relationships between queries and URLs; initiating a random walk at the first node; and determining a number of steps in the random walk until the second node is reached in the random walk, wherein a step is from a node in the first set of nodes to another node in the first set of nodes; determining whether the first query is substantially similar to the second query based at least in part upon the number of steps in the random walk until the second node is reached in the random walk; and generating correlation data that correlates the first query and the second query if the first query and second query are determined to be substantially similar. 4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the edges are weighted based at least in part upon a number of user selections of a URL when a particular query is submitted to a search engine.

1. An image processing device comprising: at least one processor and memory, cooperating to function as: an input unit configured to input document image data; a region division unit configured to divide the document image data into a plurality of regions according to attributes, the divided regions including a text region, a caption region and an object region which is accompanied by the caption region; a character recognition unit configured to obtain character information by executing a character recognition process for each character within each of the text region and the caption region divided by said region division unit; an anchor expression extraction unit configured to extract, from the character information in the caption region, an anchor expression which includes a predetermined character string identifying the object region; a text search unit configured to search for the anchor expression extracted by said anchor expression extraction unit from the character information in the text region; a link information generation unit configured to generate two-way link information associating an anchor expression peripheral region and an image peripheral region with each other, the anchor expression peripheral region being a region including the anchor expression found by said text search unit, and the image peripheral region being a region including the object region, wherein, in a case where said text search unit finds one anchor expression from the character information in the text region, said link information generation unit generates the two-way link information associating the image peripheral region with one anchor expression peripheral region which is a region including the one anchor expression found by said text search unit, wherein, in a case where said text search unit finds a plurality of anchor expressions from the character information in the text region, said link information generation unit generates the two-way link information associating the image peripheral region with a plurality of anchor expression peripheral regions which are regions including the plurality of the anchor expressions found by said text search unit; and a format conversion unit configured to generate electronic document data including document image data and the two-way link information, wherein, in the case where said text search unit finds the one anchor expression from the character information in the text region, the two-way link information includes a first link and a second link, the first link including information for displaying the associated one anchor expression peripheral region when a reader of the electronic document takes a predetermined action on the image peripheral region, and the second link including information for displaying the associated image peripheral region when a reader of the electronic document takes a predetermined action on the one anchor expression peripheral region, and wherein, in the case where said text search unit finds the plurality of anchor expressions from the character information in the text region, the two-way link information includes a third link and a fourth link, the third link including information for displaying information about the plurality of the anchor expression peripheral regions as a plurality of candidates of link destinations from the image peripheral region when a reader of the electronic document takes a predetermined action on the image peripheral region, and the fourth link including information for displaying the associated image peripheral region when a reader of the electronic document takes a predetermined action on any one of the plurality of the anchor expression peripheral regions.

1. An image processing device comprising: at least one processor and memory, cooperating to function as: an input unit configured to input document image data; a region division unit configured to divide the document image data into a plurality of regions according to attributes, the divided regions including a text region, a caption region and an object region which is accompanied by the caption region; a character recognition unit configured to obtain character information by executing a character recognition process for each character within each of the text region and the caption region divided by said region division unit; an anchor expression extraction unit configured to extract, from the character information in the caption region, an anchor expression which includes a predetermined character string identifying the object region; a text search unit configured to search for the anchor expression extracted by said anchor expression extraction unit from the character information in the text region; a link information generation unit configured to generate two-way link information associating an anchor expression peripheral region and an image peripheral region with each other, the anchor expression peripheral region being a region including the anchor expression found by said text search unit, and the image peripheral region being a region including the object region, wherein, in a case where said text search unit finds one anchor expression from the character information in the text region, said link information generation unit generates the two-way link information associating the image peripheral region with one anchor expression peripheral region which is a region including the one anchor expression found by said text search unit, wherein, in a case where said text search unit finds a plurality of anchor expressions from the character information in the text region, said link information generation unit generates the two-way link information associating the image peripheral region with a plurality of anchor expression peripheral regions which are regions including the plurality of the anchor expressions found by said text search unit; and a format conversion unit configured to generate electronic document data including document image data and the two-way link information, wherein, in the case where said text search unit finds the one anchor expression from the character information in the text region, the two-way link information includes a first link and a second link, the first link including information for displaying the associated one anchor expression peripheral region when a reader of the electronic document takes a predetermined action on the image peripheral region, and the second link including information for displaying the associated image peripheral region when a reader of the electronic document takes a predetermined action on the one anchor expression peripheral region, and wherein, in the case where said text search unit finds the plurality of anchor expressions from the character information in the text region, the two-way link information includes a third link and a fourth link, the third link including information for displaying information about the plurality of the anchor expression peripheral regions as a plurality of candidates of link destinations from the image peripheral region when a reader of the electronic document takes a predetermined action on the image peripheral region, and the fourth link including information for displaying the associated image peripheral region when a reader of the electronic document takes a predetermined action on any one of the plurality of the anchor expression peripheral regions. 5. The image processing device of claim 1 , wherein a file format of the electronic document data is a file format on SVG, XPS, PDF and Office Open XML.

9. A non-transitory recording medium recording therein a forensic program which acquires digital information recorded on a plurality of computers or a server to analyze the acquired digital information, for causing a computer to execute: a function of acquiring digital information containing digital document information composed of a plurality of document files, acquiring user information about users using the plurality of computers or the server, and acquiring access history information which shows a fact that the users accessed a document file recorded in the server; a function of recording the acquired digital information; a function of displaying, on a first display unit usable by a first operator, the recorded digital information; a function of displaying, on a second display unit usable by a second operator, the recorded digital information; a function of selecting, via at least one of the first display unit or the second display unit, a specific first individual and a specific second individual from the users contained in the user information, wherein the first operator, the second operator, the specific first individual, and the specific second individual are different from each other; a function of extracting, by an extracting unit operable on a first server, only digital document information which was accessed by the specific first individual and the specific second individual based on the access history information related with the selected specific first individual and the selected specific second individual; a function of analyzing, by a file analysis function, a kind of document file which was accessed or possessed by the specific first individual and the specific second individual; a function of causing the extraction unit, by a kind selection function, to extract a particular kind of document file; a function of preserving, by a preservation function, the extracted document file as a separate file and a function of controlling the status thereof; when newly acquiring digital information, a function of clocking by a clock unit a time and date of the acquisition of the digital information, the digital information further including folder information saving digital document information; a function of acquiring, by the digital information acquiring unit, the digital document information and the folder information which were produced after a time and date previously clocked by the clock unit, and a function of acquiring user information and access history information related with the acquired digital document information and the folder information; a function of simultaneously setting additional information, by a first additional information setting unit usable by the first operator via the first display unit and a second additional information setting unit usable by the second operator via the second display unit, indicating which document files in the extracted digital document information are each related with litigation, and which document files in the extracted digital document information are each not related with litigation; a function of searching, by a multi-language full-text searching unit operable on a second server, the full-text of the document files based on the extracted digital document information; a function of setting, by an access right control function of a managing unit, one or more rights for each account of a browser; and a function of outputting a document file related with the litigation based on the additional information.

9. A non-transitory recording medium recording therein a forensic program which acquires digital information recorded on a plurality of computers or a server to analyze the acquired digital information, for causing a computer to execute: a function of acquiring digital information containing digital document information composed of a plurality of document files, acquiring user information about users using the plurality of computers or the server, and acquiring access history information which shows a fact that the users accessed a document file recorded in the server; a function of recording the acquired digital information; a function of displaying, on a first display unit usable by a first operator, the recorded digital information; a function of displaying, on a second display unit usable by a second operator, the recorded digital information; a function of selecting, via at least one of the first display unit or the second display unit, a specific first individual and a specific second individual from the users contained in the user information, wherein the first operator, the second operator, the specific first individual, and the specific second individual are different from each other; a function of extracting, by an extracting unit operable on a first server, only digital document information which was accessed by the specific first individual and the specific second individual based on the access history information related with the selected specific first individual and the selected specific second individual; a function of analyzing, by a file analysis function, a kind of document file which was accessed or possessed by the specific first individual and the specific second individual; a function of causing the extraction unit, by a kind selection function, to extract a particular kind of document file; a function of preserving, by a preservation function, the extracted document file as a separate file and a function of controlling the status thereof; when newly acquiring digital information, a function of clocking by a clock unit a time and date of the acquisition of the digital information, the digital information further including folder information saving digital document information; a function of acquiring, by the digital information acquiring unit, the digital document information and the folder information which were produced after a time and date previously clocked by the clock unit, and a function of acquiring user information and access history information related with the acquired digital document information and the folder information; a function of simultaneously setting additional information, by a first additional information setting unit usable by the first operator via the first display unit and a second additional information setting unit usable by the second operator via the second display unit, indicating which document files in the extracted digital document information are each related with litigation, and which document files in the extracted digital document information are each not related with litigation; a function of searching, by a multi-language full-text searching unit operable on a second server, the full-text of the document files based on the extracted digital document information; a function of setting, by an access right control function of a managing unit, one or more rights for each account of a browser; and a function of outputting a document file related with the litigation based on the additional information. 18. The non-transitory recording medium of claim 9 , wherein the function of setting further includes a function of setting an access right.

1. A method for authoring rule sets, the method comprising: using a graphical interface to create at least one rule for inclusion in a rule set containing a plurality of rules, the graphical interface capable of illustrating logical syntax and precedence rules among operators and operands in the rule; displaying a single graph comprising a plurality of curves, each curve representing a priority function associated with one of the rules; and manually manipulating one or more of the curves within the single graph to change the associated priority function.

1. A method for authoring rule sets, the method comprising: using a graphical interface to create at least one rule for inclusion in a rule set containing a plurality of rules, the graphical interface capable of illustrating logical syntax and precedence rules among operators and operands in the rule; displaying a single graph comprising a plurality of curves, each curve representing a priority function associated with one of the rules; and manually manipulating one or more of the curves within the single graph to change the associated priority function. 14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating an updated priority function for each manipulated curve.

13. A computer program stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, including instructions which, when executed by apparatus, causes the apparatus to perform operations comprising: storing a digital document; storing an application program used for controlling the digital document, which is running on an application platform, an application programming interface (API) for manipulating the digital document called from the application program, a document manipulation library for manipulating the digital document called via the API, and a filter plug-in defined between the API and the document manipulation library; wherein the filter plug-in is connected to a filter, and where in the connected filter contains a mapping table in which rules for changing the API called by the application program to an API to be actually called; and causing the filter plug-in connected to a filter to acquire the API for manipulating the document called by the application program, causing the filter plug-in to change the API for manipulating the document to the API to be actually called based on the mapping table in the filter, calling the document manipulation library via the changed API to be actually called, and manipulating the digital document.

13. A computer program stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, including instructions which, when executed by apparatus, causes the apparatus to perform operations comprising: storing a digital document; storing an application program used for controlling the digital document, which is running on an application platform, an application programming interface (API) for manipulating the digital document called from the application program, a document manipulation library for manipulating the digital document called via the API, and a filter plug-in defined between the API and the document manipulation library; wherein the filter plug-in is connected to a filter, and where in the connected filter contains a mapping table in which rules for changing the API called by the application program to an API to be actually called; and causing the filter plug-in connected to a filter to acquire the API for manipulating the document called by the application program, causing the filter plug-in to change the API for manipulating the document to the API to be actually called based on the mapping table in the filter, calling the document manipulation library via the changed API to be actually called, and manipulating the digital document. 14. The computer program stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 13 , wherein the API to be actually called includes pre-processing, main processing and post-processing, and wherein the document manipulation library is called via at least one of APIs of the three kinds of processing according to definition of the API to be actually called, and the digital document is manipulated.

9. A non-transistory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a program executable by a computer processor for performing the steps of: a. providing a collection of documents, wherein said collection includes at least one document; b. receiving from a user a word or word string query to be analyzed; c. searching said collection of documents for the query to be analyzed and returning documents containing the query to be analyzed; d. determining a user-defined amount of words or word strings or both to the left of said query to be analyzed in said returned documents based on their frequency and creating a Left Signature List comprising said words or word strings or both to the left of said query to be analyzed in said returned documents; e. searching said collection of documents for each word and word string on said Left Signature List and returning documents containing said words and word strings on said Left Signature List; f. determining a user-defined amount of words or word strings or both to the right of said words or word strings or both on said Left Signature List in said returned documents and creating Left Anchor Lists comprising said words or word strings or both to the right of said words or word strings or both on said Left Signature List based on their frequency in said returned documents; g. determining a user-defined number of words or word strings or both to the right of said query to be analyzed in said returned documents and creating a Right Signature List comprising said words or word strings or both to the right of said query to be analyzed in said returned documents based on their frequency; h. searching said collection of documents for words or word strings or both on said Right Signature List and returning documents containing said words and word strings on said Right Signature List; i. determining a user-defined number of words or word strings or both to the left of said words or word strings or both on said Right Signature List in said returned documents and creating Right Anchor Lists comprising said words or word strings or both to the left of said words or words strings or both on said Right Signature List based on their frequency in said returned documents; and j. ranking results based on the frequency of each word or word string occurring on said Left Anchor Lists and the frequency of said word or word string occurring on said Right Anchor Lists.

9. A non-transistory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a program executable by a computer processor for performing the steps of: a. providing a collection of documents, wherein said collection includes at least one document; b. receiving from a user a word or word string query to be analyzed; c. searching said collection of documents for the query to be analyzed and returning documents containing the query to be analyzed; d. determining a user-defined amount of words or word strings or both to the left of said query to be analyzed in said returned documents based on their frequency and creating a Left Signature List comprising said words or word strings or both to the left of said query to be analyzed in said returned documents; e. searching said collection of documents for each word and word string on said Left Signature List and returning documents containing said words and word strings on said Left Signature List; f. determining a user-defined amount of words or word strings or both to the right of said words or word strings or both on said Left Signature List in said returned documents and creating Left Anchor Lists comprising said words or word strings or both to the right of said words or word strings or both on said Left Signature List based on their frequency in said returned documents; g. determining a user-defined number of words or word strings or both to the right of said query to be analyzed in said returned documents and creating a Right Signature List comprising said words or word strings or both to the right of said query to be analyzed in said returned documents based on their frequency; h. searching said collection of documents for words or word strings or both on said Right Signature List and returning documents containing said words and word strings on said Right Signature List; i. determining a user-defined number of words or word strings or both to the left of said words or word strings or both on said Right Signature List in said returned documents and creating Right Anchor Lists comprising said words or word strings or both to the left of said words or words strings or both on said Right Signature List based on their frequency in said returned documents; and j. ranking results based on the frequency of each word or word string occurring on said Left Anchor Lists and the frequency of said word or word string occurring on said Right Anchor Lists. 10. The medium of claim 9 , wherein ranking a result is modified by designating said result as a new query, and repeating steps a. through j. to determine and return the results of each of the new queries, and modifying said ranking of the result of said query based on the rank of the query on the results of the new query.

6. The page re-ranking system of claim 5 , wherein the covering degree of the topic representation that is contained in the current version of one of the multiple Web pages is a similarity degree or a difference degree concerning the topic representation between the current versions of the multiple Web pages.

6. The page re-ranking system of claim 5 , wherein the covering degree of the topic representation that is contained in the current version of one of the multiple Web pages is a similarity degree or a difference degree concerning the topic representation between the current versions of the multiple Web pages. 7. The page re-ranking system of claim 6 , wherein the similarity degree between the current versions of the multiple Web pages is calculated by the following equation, CR j = ∑ i = 1 W ⁢ ⁢ [ cos ⁡ ( V i , V j ) * ( 1 + ɛ * W - R i SE W ) ] where CR j is a current similarity degree of a Web page j, cos is a cosine similarity, V i is a vector of a current version of the Web page i, V j is a vector of a current version of the Web page j, R i SE is a search engine ranking of the Web page i, ε is a parameter, W is a total number of URLs as being an object to be re-ranked among a number of URLs of the search result obtained from the search engine.

16. An access terminal, comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured with processor-executable instructions so the access terminal performs operations comprising: obtaining a plurality of terminal data representing a current operating environment of the access terminal from a plurality of access terminal subsystems, one or more terminal applications, or a combination of both; storing the plurality of terminal data obtained over time in a historical database; determining at least one context corresponding to a portion of the plurality of terminal data by: receiving a user input on the access terminal at a first time that defines the respective context identifier, recognizing a relationship between the plurality of terminal data obtained at the first time and the plurality of terminal data in the historical database, identifying the portion of the plurality of terminal data corresponding to the context based on the recognized relationship, and associating the portion of the plurality of terminal data with the respective context identifier; creating a context profile having a context identifier identifying each context, wherein each context profile comprises profile parameters corresponding to the respective portion of the plurality of terminal data determined to correspond to the respective context; and storing each context profile in the memory.

16. An access terminal, comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured with processor-executable instructions so the access terminal performs operations comprising: obtaining a plurality of terminal data representing a current operating environment of the access terminal from a plurality of access terminal subsystems, one or more terminal applications, or a combination of both; storing the plurality of terminal data obtained over time in a historical database; determining at least one context corresponding to a portion of the plurality of terminal data by: receiving a user input on the access terminal at a first time that defines the respective context identifier, recognizing a relationship between the plurality of terminal data obtained at the first time and the plurality of terminal data in the historical database, identifying the portion of the plurality of terminal data corresponding to the context based on the recognized relationship, and associating the portion of the plurality of terminal data with the respective context identifier; creating a context profile having a context identifier identifying each context, wherein each context profile comprises profile parameters corresponding to the respective portion of the plurality of terminal data determined to correspond to the respective context; and storing each context profile in the memory. 21. The access terminal of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of access terminal subsystems comprise a location determination subsystem, and wherein the at least one processor further configured with processor-executable instructions to recognize the relationship by correlating terminal data from the location determination subsystem with terminal data from other ones of the plurality of subsystems.

1. A method of publishing, comprising: providing a publication site server configured to store and to publish first time-sensitive data from a first data provider and second time-sensitive data pushed from a second data provider; the publication site server conducting an auction, and incorporating auction results into at least one of an update fee schedule and a gathering fee schedule; the publication site server differentially updating the first and second data (1) according to the update fee schedule indicating when updating should occur in exchange for which update fee, (2) according to the gathering fee schedule indicating when first and second websites of the first and second data providers should be crawled in exchange for which gathering fee; and (3) in response to receiving at least one of the fees from at least one of the first and the second data providers; and providing a user interface configured to allow the publication site server to present the updated first and second data.

1. A method of publishing, comprising: providing a publication site server configured to store and to publish first time-sensitive data from a first data provider and second time-sensitive data pushed from a second data provider; the publication site server conducting an auction, and incorporating auction results into at least one of an update fee schedule and a gathering fee schedule; the publication site server differentially updating the first and second data (1) according to the update fee schedule indicating when updating should occur in exchange for which update fee, (2) according to the gathering fee schedule indicating when first and second websites of the first and second data providers should be crawled in exchange for which gathering fee; and (3) in response to receiving at least one of the fees from at least one of the first and the second data providers; and providing a user interface configured to allow the publication site server to present the updated first and second data. 13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising storing price information for at least 10,000 items where the first and the second data comprises at least a portion of the price information.

17. The system of claim 12 , wherein the re-ranking engine: calculates a FunctionScore(f,u) between (a) each of a possible pair of nodes within the plurality of sponsored search results and the one or more organic search results and (b) the value of each operator (f); calculate a clustering score for each of the plurality of sponsored search results by summing each function score from each operator as weighted by a scalar that normalizes the value of each operator to that of at least one other operator; and generates a new ranking score for each sponsored search result based on their respective clustering scores and rankings, wherein the new ranking scores are used to re-rank the plurality of sponsored search results.

17. The system of claim 12 , wherein the re-ranking engine: calculates a FunctionScore(f,u) between (a) each of a possible pair of nodes within the plurality of sponsored search results and the one or more organic search results and (b) the value of each operator (f); calculate a clustering score for each of the plurality of sponsored search results by summing each function score from each operator as weighted by a scalar that normalizes the value of each operator to that of at least one other operator; and generates a new ranking score for each sponsored search result based on their respective clustering scores and rankings, wherein the new ranking scores are used to re-rank the plurality of sponsored search results. 18. The system of claim 17 , wherein re-ranking comprises moving a sponsored search result to a higher-ranked position ahead a second sponsored result when the sponsored search result has a higher clustering score then the clustering score of the second sponsored result.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mapping of the call-types comprises performing one of splitting the call-types, merging the call-types, and renaming the call-types.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mapping of the call-types comprises performing one of splitting the call-types, merging the call-types, and renaming the call-types. 3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the merging of the call-types comprises cross-labeling utterances from a dialog using the model.

1. A system for representation of a real world problem situation said system comprising: a. a computer software process acquiring or capable of accepting a set of input data comprising: seed facts, said set of input data representing real world objects pertaining to a real-world problem situation; b. the computer software process generating new data consisting of additional not-previously-known facts about said real-world problem situation, said additional not-previously known facts comprising acquired facts and reasoned facts; c. the computer software process utilizing: a fact structured representation method representing a first group of facts about a problem situation; a rule structured representation method for representing a first group of rules about a class of problem situations; d. said computer software process representing a plurality of causal features of said problem situation such that a reasoning process results; e. said reasoning process further characterized as performing some elements of deep reasoning.

1. A system for representation of a real world problem situation said system comprising: a. a computer software process acquiring or capable of accepting a set of input data comprising: seed facts, said set of input data representing real world objects pertaining to a real-world problem situation; b. the computer software process generating new data consisting of additional not-previously-known facts about said real-world problem situation, said additional not-previously known facts comprising acquired facts and reasoned facts; c. the computer software process utilizing: a fact structured representation method representing a first group of facts about a problem situation; a rule structured representation method for representing a first group of rules about a class of problem situations; d. said computer software process representing a plurality of causal features of said problem situation such that a reasoning process results; e. said reasoning process further characterized as performing some elements of deep reasoning. 50. The system according to claim 1 wherein said system further comprises: a rule node negation symbol wherein a rule node state is negated.