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PUBMED | Obstetrics and gynecology | 5212329 | Cytologic changes following the use of oral contraceptives. | Abnormal cytologic findings in gynecologic smears were more common among patients using oral contraceptives than among control patients. Cytologic examination should be routinely performed before oral contraceptives are prescribed. The exfoliation of endometrial cells was essentially the same between control and oral contraceptive patients. No evidence of excessive stimulation of epithelial element in endometrium accompanied the continued use of hormonal contraceptives. In general, the cytohormonal effect associated with oral contraceptives showed a depressed superficial cell count in the vaginal smears. Teenagers using oral contraceptives constituted 2 to 3% of the surveyed group. Long-term effects of antiovulatory drugs in young females are yet to be observed. | Liu W W; Koebel L L; Shipp J J; Prisby H H | 1967-08-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Obstetrics and gynecology | 5212330 | Modified Williams-Richardson operation for uterine prolapse. | A preliminary report is made of 11 patients of childbearing age treated for symptomatic uterine prolapse by a suspension technic employing straps of external oblique aponeurosis according to the method of Williams and Richardson. In a relatively short period of follow-up, the operative results have been excellent in all patients. The procedure does not interfere with childbearing function; 2 of the 11 patients have subsequently had a term pregnancy without recurrence of prolapse. | Nassar G F GF | 1967-08-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Obstetrics and gynecology | 5212331 | Hypertension 6 weeks post partum in apparently normal women. A reappraisal and challenge. | Hypertensive blood pressure readings were recorded in 282 women from a group of 1025 consecutive patients returning for their sixth-week postpartum visit. Of the 282 women, 120 were classified as toxemic; however, 162 (58%) had had no elevation of blood pressure antepartum, intrapartum, or during the immediate postpartum period. In addition, 100 women with normal sixth-week postpartum blood pressures were randomly selected as controls. A retrospective analysis of their records showed sixth-week postpartum hypertension to occur much less frequently (13%) in nulliparous women, as compared to the preeclamptic nulliparous patients (31%). With the exception of proteinuria, all of the other data studied failed to reveal any significant abnormalities in the late postpartum hypertensive group of patients. | Piver M S MS; Corson S L SL; Bolognese R J RJ | 1967-08-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Obstetrics and gynecology | 5212332 | Urinary pregnanediol and creatinine excretion in the female of menstrual age. | The urinary pregnanediol and creatinine excretions in females of menstrual age were correlated. The high degree of correlation found allows the use of the pregnanediol/creatinine ratio of the first-morning voided urinary specimen in calculating, with a fair degree of precision, the 24-hr. pregnanediol excretion. | Scommegna A A; Chattoraj S C SC | 1967-08-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Obstetrics and gynecology | 5212333 | Abdominal pregnancy. Report of 12 cases. | We have reviewed the records of 12 patients with abdominal pregnancy accumulated over a 15-year period. The 2 most recent ones were managed by the authors. Every attempt has been made to eliminate advanced tubal, ovarian, and intraligamentus pregnancies. The gravity of this condition is again emphasized. Prompt termination of pregnancy is the proper course, but we recognize possible exceptions to this general principle. Most often, the placenta should be left in place because of the inability of the obstetrician to ligate its blood supply. However, when this can beyond all doubt be safely accomplished, the placenta should be removed. Convalescence is stormy and morbidity higher when the placenta is not removed. | Foster H W HW; Moore D T DT | 1967-08-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Obstetrics and gynecology | 5212336 | An unusual theca lutein cyst. Report of a case. | An unusual cyst lined by spontaneously lutenized theca cells--which appears to be the first reported in an adult female--is presented. It is postulated that its formation was due to an abnormal end-organ response and that the progesterone produced by it caused amenorrhea. It is suggested that theca lutein cysts may have two origins--an increased quantity of chorionic gonadotropin or end-organ hypersensitivity. When a unilateral, unilocular theca lutein cyst is found, the presence of associated trophoblastic disease can be ruled out. | Esposito J M JM | 1967-08-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Obstetrics and gynecology | 5212337 | Spontaneous rupture of splenic artery aneurysm in pregnancy. Report of first known antepartum rupture with maternal and fetal survival. | The first known case of spontaneous antepartum rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm in pregnancy with maternal and fetal survival is reported. The removal of the aneurysm and splenectomy were accomplished without uterine evacuation of a 30-week gestation. A brief review of the recent literature revealed (1) the universal failure to diagnose this condition in pregnancy prior to rupture, (2) the characteristic clinical picture in pregnancy of double-rupture with a recovery phase lasting minutes to weeks, and (3) the important clinical features of abdominal hemorrhage in pregnancy from nonobstetric sources. | Vassalotti S B SB; Schaller J A JA | 1967-08-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Obstetrics and gynecology | 5212339 | Hormone-dependence of endometrial cancer. | The evidence for hormone-dependence in some endometrial cancers is substantial. Such evidence may be derived from the endometrial endpoint in certain clinical endocrine abnormalities, from animal experiments in susceptible species, and from human therapeutic responses. Further investigation in this field demands more expert epidemiologic analysis and more sophisticated study of steroid hormone-target cell relations. | Gusberg S B SB | 1967-08-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212342 | Quantitative study of infarcted myocardium in cardiogenic shock. | A post-mortem study of the heart was performed in 20 patients dying of cardiogenic shock. The extent of infarcted myocardium was defined by using a mitochondrial dehydrogenase stain nitro-BT which allowed macroscopical recognition of tissue death as early as 12 hours. Extensive myocardial injury was found to accompany cardiogenic shock predominantly affecting the left ventricle and the interventricular septum. Severe atheromatous involvement of the coronary arteries was noted. | Harnarayan C C; Bennett M A MA; Pentecost B L BL; Brewer D B DB | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212343 | A coronary care unit in a general medical ward. | In all, 611 patients were admitted to the coronary care unit during the first 16 months. The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was confirmed in 461 (73.4%) of these patients and the results of treatment are shown. The hospital mortality was 19.1 per cent. Eighteen patients, who would have died without resuscitation, survived and left hospital. Ventricular fibrillation occurred in 41 (8.9%) patients, early resuscitation was successful in 23, and 14 left hospital. Asystole was the cause of cardiac arrest in 31 (6.7%) patients, most of whom had extensive heart muscle damage and failure. Resuscitation was unusual in these patients. Complete heart block occurred in 31 (6.7%) patients and all were electrically paced. Sixteen returned to sinus rhythm and 14 left hospital. No patients required long-term pacing after acute myocardial infarction. Ventricular tachycardia occurred in 45 (9.7%) patients and this arrhythmia carried a high mortality (46.6%). Our results appear to be comparable with those of most other units, many of which are considerably more elaborate in design and more heavily staffed. There are disadvantages to siting a coronary care unit in a general ward and, though good results can be achieved in a unit of this type, we think it desirable that separate accommodation should be found whenever possible. This has now been done at Dudley Road Hospital. | Eddy J D JD; Mackinnon J J | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212344 | Changes in smoking habits in men under 65 years after myocardial infarction and coronary insufficiency. | Of 370 men under 65 years with acute myocardial infarction, 74 per cent were smokers at the time of hospital admission. When interviewed up to 2 years later, the proportion of smokers among the 296 survivors had fallen to 44 per cent. The number smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day fell from 137 (37%) to 18 (6%), and 38 of the former group gave up completely. At least half the survivors were able to make some reduction in their smoking. In a smaller group of 59 patients with acute coronary insufficiency, the percentage of smokers dropped from 75 per cent to 60 per cent. | Hay D R DR; Turbott S S | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212345 | Maintenance of sinus rhythm after atrial defibrillation. | The long-term results of 356 episodes of atrial defibrillation by DC shock carried out in 250 patients are reviewed. In 78 per cent of the cases, atrial fibrillation recurred by the end of 12 months in spite of the administration of quinidine or procainamide or propranolol, singly or combined. However, when no antidysrhythmic drugs were used the recurrence rate was higher at all periods of observation and 100 per cent at the end of 12 months. The difference in the overall results between the untreated group and the treated groups with the exception of the propranolol group is significant (p less than 0.05). In addition, the propranolol group showed an obviously reduced recurrence rate at 1 month, but afterwards the results tended to approximate those in the untreated group. The period during which sinus rhythm could be maintained in patients who underwent valve operations was on the whole the same as in patients who did not have heart surgery. However, in a small number of patients sinus rhythm was maintained for longer periods after mitral valve replacement than before it. Sinus rhythm was maintained for significantly longer periods when atrial fibrillation lasted less than 1 year than when it had been present for more than 1 year (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that there is justification for a judicious antidysrhythmic prophylaxis after atrial defibrillation. | Szekely P P; Sideris D A DA; Batson G A GA | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212346 | Abnormal left heart function after operation for atrial septal defect. | Post-operative data have been presented in seven patients with atrial septal defect. In five of them, residual patency of the atrial septum was found at cardiac catheterization, but in two the defect had been closed. All showed evidence of 'left-sided dysfunction', expressed either as an increase in the pulmonary arterial wedge pressure or the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or both. The reasons for these findings are not clear, though in several there were indications of impaired right ventricular compliance and possible transmission of raised right-sided pressures to the left side of the heart through a still patent atrial septum. This could not, however, be the mechanism in all cases, and dysfunction of the left ventricle has been seen in two patients in whom the defect was securely closed. The cause of this phenomenon in these selected cases remains obscure. | Davies H H; Oliver G C GC; Rappoport W J WJ; Gazetopoulos N N | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212347 | Familial pulmonary hypertension. Evidence of autosomal dominant inheritance. | A patient with primary pulmonary hypertension is the fourth member of a family proven to have the disease. The patient's father married twice; the disease appeared in both families, and was transmitted through two generations. Multiple genetic and environmental factors may result in pulmonary hypertension, but the distribution of cases in this family and in others reported is consistent with the autosomal dominant inheritance of a single genetic trait. | Thompson P P; McRae C C | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212348 | Changes of myocardial enzyme activities in atrial fibrillation. | Cholinesterase and succinyldehydrogenase activity of surgically removed left atrial auricles from patients in atrial fibrillation and in sinus rhythm have been compared, using histochemical methods. Higher cholinesterase and lower succinyldehydrogenase activity has been found in atrial fibrillation than in sinus rhythm. The pulmonary capillary mean pressure of patients with atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm have been also compared. There was no significant difference between the two groups. On the basis of the reported examinations, it is not possible to decide whether the changes in enzyme activities are the cause or the result of atrial fibrillation. | Csapó G G | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212349 | Heart rate and haemodynamics after autonomic blockade in infants and children. | In order to assess the role of the autonomic system in the age differences in heart rate, propranolol 0.2 mg./kg. and atropine 30 micrograms/kg. were given to 103 infants and children during the course of heart catheterization. Mean control minute heart rate varied from 118 at age 1 year to 81 at age 16 years. Heart rate after drugs was termed intrinsic heart rate after Jose, and the mean varied from 139 at age 1 to 102 at age 16 years. After propranolol alone, mean heart rate was 120 at age 1, 71 at age 16, and after atropine corresponding rates were 162 and 128. The scatter in predicting heart rate from age was not lessened by autonomic blockade, suggesting that inter-individual variations in heart rate are not entirely dependent on different levels of autonomic function. The inverse relation between heart rate and age persisted after autonomic blockade, indicating that different levels of autonomic function are not responsible for the age differences in heart rate. The most important determinant of the heart rate after blockade was the initial control heart rate. Increases in cardiac index followed autonomic blockade in patients over 4 years of age and in patients without intracardiac shunts, while stroke index decreased, and femoral artery pressure increased 2/7 mm. Hg. | Cumming G R GR; Mir G H GH | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212352 | Regression of valvular pulmonary stenosis. | Eight patients with mild to moderate valvular pulmonary stenosis underwent serial physiological studies before surgical intervention. Average pulmonary valve area at the initial study was 0.59 cm.2 and at the second study (average 7.8 years later) was 1.09 cm.2, resulting in an average increase of 0.49 cm.2 (p greater than 0.05). In normal subjects during early years the pulmonary valve area increases linearly with age and with increasing body surface area. Though patients with valvular pulmonary stenosis have smaller valve orifices, they also show an increase in valve size with increasing age and with increasing body growth. The greatest increase in valve area was observed in 4 patients (all under age 6) in whom body surface area increased more than 70 per cent. | Lueker R D RD; Vogel J H JH; Blount S G SG | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212351 | Pulmonary artery and left heart end-diastolic pressure relations. | The exponential fall of the pulmonary pressure curve from its systolic peak to left atrial pressure previously described in the presence of normal intraventricular conduction has been investigated in patients with right bundle-branch block. We have been able to show once more that the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure seeks the left atrial level: when right ventricular systole is delayed the pulmonary artery pressure continues to fall with the left atrial 'x' descent. | Herbert W H WH | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212353 | Chest wall stimulation in evaluation of patients with implanted ventricular-inhibited demand pacemakers. | Chest wall electrical stimuli, too weak to affect the heart, act as electrical signals to an implanted ventricular-inhibited (QRS blocking) demand pacemaker which interprets them as originating from the heart and consequently responds according to its specifications. Rapid external stimulation permits diagnostic interpretation of the spontaneous electrocardiogram by completely inactivating the implanted pacemaker. The slow random delivery of external stimuli throughout the cardiac cycle delineates the pacemaker refractory period after the emission of a pacing stimulus and after the sensing of a spontaneous beat. During apparent fixed-rate pacing the demand capability of the pacemaker may be easily seen by appropriately timed chest wall stimulation which induces the pacemaker to sense a spontaneous QRS complex. This simple technique may reveal subtle changes in pacemaker performance, and contributes to the understanding of pacemaker arrhythmias. | Barold S S SS; Pupillo G A GA; Gaidula J J JJ; Linhart J W JW | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212354 | Long-term propranolol therapy in muscular subaortic stenosis. | Twenty-one patients with muscular subaortic stenosis were treated with oral propranolol for periods of 6 to 34 months for a total of 42.5 patient years. The average follow-up was 2 years. Four patients with latent obstruction became asymptomatic on propranolol therapy. Of the 17 patients with resting obstruction, 7 improved, 2 were unchanged, 5 deteriorated, and 2 died during the period of treatment. The 7 patients with resting obstruction who are still improved on propranolol have had relatively short periods of treatment (average 15 months), and none experienced the degree of improvement that occurred in the patients with latent obstruction. This study indicates that propranolol is most effective in patients with muscular subaortic stenosis who have latent obstruction. It is of limited value in patients with resting obstruction because the benefit of propranolol therapy in the majority of these patients is eventually overtaken by progression in the disease. | Adelman A G AG; Shah P M PM; Gramiak R R; Wigle E D ED | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212355 | Late results of aortic valve replacement with the Starr-Edwards prosthesis. | Details are presented concerning 59 patients who left hospital between January 1964 and January 1969 after aortic valve replacement with the Starr-Edwards prosthesis. Of the 14 late deaths, 7 are known to have been due to causes related to the prosthesis and 4 to other causes. The 45 surviving patients have nearly all shown clinical improvement and only 3 are unable to work as a result of some complication of the operation. Aortic regurgitation and its consequences appear to be the most significant factor leading to symptoms. In 11 of 16 patients with anaemia there was evidence of intravascular haemolysis. The long-term consequence of this complication is not known. | Morgans C M CM; Barritt D W DW; Belsey R H RH; Keen G G; Wensley R R | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212356 | Natural history of atrial septal defect. | The natural history of atrial septal defect becomes increasingly difficult to determine with the number of patients having operations. The expectation of life has been calculated for those surviving their first year by two quite independent methods: (I) from 121 reported necropsies and (2) by calculating the mortality rates each decade from 25 deaths among 167 personal or reported patients followed for 663 patient-years. They were patients rather than the ideal of unselected children, but many were symptomless when first seen and sent only because of their physical signs. The two methods gave close agreement about the percentages still living at the end of each decade, generally within +/- 1 or 2 per cent and only as much as +/- 4.5 per cent in the second decade. With the relatively small numbers involved, such close agreement is probably fortunate. The mortality rates are low for the first two decades, 0.6 and 0.7 per cent per annum. In successive decades they rise from 2.7, to 4.5, to 5.4, and 7.5 per cent per annum. One-quarter have died just before their 27th year, half by their 36th year, three-quarters by 50, and 90 per cent by 60 years. The arithmetical mean age of death is 37.5 +/- 4.5 years. The median is also 37 years. The mode is widely spread through the 3rd to 6th decades. All these figures are better than those for aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, and pulmonary stenosis. In and after the fourth decade they approximate more closely to the figures for aortic stenosis and coarctation but are still better than those for pulmonary stenosis. They are improved on only by those with a persistent ductus. | Campbell M M | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212357 | Value of diazepam ('Valium') in treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | Diazepam did not alter the rate or rhythm in III patients with atrial fibrillation. In 3 out of 38 patients with atrial flutter the use of diazepam was followed by an increase in atrioventricular block. Diazepam restored sinus rhythm in I patient with atrial tachycardia (total 7 patients) and in I patient with ventricular tachycardia (total 8 patients). Experimentally in the dog diazepam raised the electrically-induced ventricular tachycardia threshold significantly. Pretreatment with diazepam did not alter significantly the dose of strophanthidin K required to induce ventricular tachycardia in the dog. The value of diazepam as a cardiac anti-arrhythmic agent should be further assessed in a controlled clinical trial, especially in patients with acute myocardial infarction. | Spracklen F H FH; Chambers R J RJ; Schrire V V | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212358 | Warning symptoms before major myocardial infarction. | One hundred and eighty patients in hospital with proven myocardial infarction were questioned during their recovery about any unusual symptoms they experienced during the two months before the diagnosis of infarction. One hundred and twenty-two (68%) admitted to such symptoms. Ninety-nine (55% of the total) said they had experienced either the onset or an intensification of attacks of pain in the chest. Twenty-three (13%) described other symptoms, particularly tiredness or breathlessness. Of the 122 patients with prodromal symptoms, only 36 consulted their doctors, and of these 14 received only reassurance. The fact that such a high proportion of patients experience prodromal symptoms gives ground for hope that myocardial infarction might be averted in many instances. To achieve this, doctors need to be better trained to recognize the early symptoms of coronary heart disease, and, above all, further research is urgently needed to establish an effective prophylactic regimen. Once these goals have been achieved, there will be a strong case for educating the public to recognize coronary symptoms. | Stowers M M; Short D D | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212359 | Changes in systolic time intervals in acute myocardial infarction. | After acute myocardial infarction there is a shortening of the QS2 interval and the ejection time. The pre-ejection time is either normal or prolonged. After the stage of maximum shortening of the QS2 interval and ejection time, there is a progressive improvement towards the normal. In this study there was no correlation between the shortened QS2 interval and ejection time, and the level of urinary catecholamine excretion. The physiological and clinical significance of these changes in the systolic time intervals and their relation to the altered haemodynamics and mechanics are discussed. | Samson R R | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212360 | Right bundle-branch block and left axis deviation in acute myocardial infarction. | Of 114 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted consecutively to a coronary care unit, 10 had recent antero-septal myocardial infarction associated with right bundle-branch block and obvious left axis deviation, and I had recent antero-septal myocardial infarction with right bundle-branch block and right axis deviation. Attention is drawn to the high mortality (7 out of 11 patients), due mainly to cardiogenic shock. Frequent complications were sudden complete heart block (5 patients) and ventricular asystole (4 patients) without previous lengthening of the atrioventricular conduction time. An external on-demand pacemaker was inserted in 10 patients, and no patient died of complete heart block or ventricular asystole. | Roos J C JC; Dunning A J AJ | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212361 | Rupture of an aortic aneurysm into the pulmonary artery. An unusual case with antemortem diagnosis. | An acquired aorta-to-pulmonary artery shunt from rupture of a thoracic aortic aneurysm in an elderly patient is reported. The diagnosis was suspected clinically and was confirmed by special cardiac studies. Surgical intervention was refused by the patient who died shortly after admission to the hospital. | Blumenthal J J; Baldwin B J BJ | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212362 | Haemorrhagic pericardial effusion in adult Gaucher's disease. | A case of adult Gaucher's disease presenting with haemorrhagic pericardial effusion is reported. Three similar cases have been reported. The possible aetiological factors in this case are assessed, the likely cause being thrombocytopenia due to hypersplenism associated with Gaucher's disease. | Davies G T GT; Foreman H M HM | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British heart journal | 5212363 | Clinical features and repair of ventricular septal defect and left ventricular aneurysm complicating myocardial infarction. | A 52-year-old man developed a ventricular septal defect and ventricular aneurysm after myocardial infarction. The two defects were repaired through the left ventricular aneurysm using hypothermic techniques. Only two similar cases have been previously reported. | Heath A D AD; Harris A M AM; Wright M P MP | 1970-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Bulletin of the Medical Library Association | 5212364 | The Medical Library Center of New York: a progress report. | An article published in the Bulletin in 1963 outlined the proposed program of the Medical Library Center of New York. This progress report describes actual functions of the Center and attempts to evaluate them after four years of experience. Details of adapting a building intended for other use, financing this cooperative enterprise, applying standard library techniques and equipment to an atypical library, and acquiring materials that complement, rather than duplicate, the collections of member libraries are given. New services, not envisioned in detail in the initial program, but initiated during this period of operation, are mentioned. The report ends with a tentative look into the future. | Felter J W JW | 1968-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Bulletin of the Medical Library Association | 5212366 | The changing role of the library. | This article reviews the extraordinary growth in the scientific literature that has resulted from increased federal expenditures in the past decade or two. The article further notes that the impact of the knowledge explosion has impinged on the Health Sciences Library as well as on the individual scientist who needs access to the information. A strong plea is made for the librarian to assume a more active role in: doing internal research with respect to how best to use the library as a tool in the dissemination of new information; educating newcomers to the field of library science with respect to the management of scientific information; and converting the library from a passive to an active instrument in disseminating the scholarly record to and among those who require access to it. Medical center administrators are reminded that if the librarian succeeds in these ventures then he will fulfill all of the research, teaching, and service requirements ordinarily made of other academic departments and, in turn, should be rewarded with departmental status for the library. | DuVal M K MK | 1968-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Bulletin of the Medical Library Association | 5212365 | Building precepts and library programs. | The quality of a library's design can often be determined by the amount of preplanning done before it was built. The paper discusses three components of a library: the users, staff, and materials. Before any design is contemplated for new or additional space, a philosophy or purpose of the library must be determined. Some questions that need to be asked about users are used as an illustration to show the kinds of information that is needed before a librarian can begin to write a program. Only after such information has been gathered can textbook formulas be applied. The librarian will have to synthesize general purposes and facts into a functional program which the architect can use as a basis for design. A common way to demonstrate how space should be utilized is through diagrams. The determination of why one building is better than another for a specific environment is not a matter of guess work or applying formulas, but a matter of intellectual work. | Pings V M VM | 1968-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Bulletin of the Medical Library Association | 5212367 | Role of the librarian. | The librarian functions as one of the most important of medical educators. This role is frequently unrecognized, and for that reason, too little attention is given to this role. There has been too little attention paid to the research role that should be played by the librarian. With the development of new methods of information storage and dissemination, it is imperative that the persons primarily responsible for this function should be actively engaged in research. We have little information at the present time as to the relative effectiveness of these various media. We need research in this area. Librarians should assume an active role in incorporating into their area of responsibility the various types of storage media. | Watkins C C | 1968-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Bulletin of the Medical Library Association | 5212368 | Influence of the scholar. | Among the factors which will influence the emerging roles of medical libraries will be the changing needs of the medical scholars who use them. The effectiveness of the medical practitioner will be determined to an increasing extent by his capacity to mobilize information with a rapidity sufficient to permit its application in day-to-day decision-making. The practice of medicine is becoming an increasingly academic pursuit. The library and the librarian will, therefore, become more directly involved in the practice of medicine, and the library will be a more crucial resource in providing superior patient-care. Changes in undergraduate and continuing medical education will make new demands on the library. These and other related developments will create new functions, new problems, and new opportunities for the librarian. | West K M KM | 1968-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Bulletin of the Medical Library Association | 5212369 | Implications of planning for regional libraries: our underlying philosophy. | The National Library of Medicine Extramural Program in administering the Medical Library Assistance Act of 1965 has developed the following specific program objectives: provide financial assistance for improving biomedical libraries; encourage and assist the establishment and functioning of a responsive national biomedical information network by strengthening present biomedical libraries and their interlibrary relationships; and assure that the biomedical library network is linked to related science information systems. The ultimate goal is to develop the role of the library as a full learning resource center for education, research, and service. The regional library program aims to augment present capability of existing medical libraries so that information can be made available more extensively and more rapidly. Comprehensive and thorough advanced planning is a basic element in the development of regional medical libraries. | Wilson M P MP | 1968-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Bulletin of the Medical Library Association | 5212370 | The medical librarian's views. | A library should review carefully the complex implications before undertaking to be a Regional Medical Library. Eight important considerations are examined: Possible conflict of interest between local, defined clientele and larger regional clientele; Indirect costs, especially as they relate to administrative and management time; Possible abuse of unlimited cost-free copy service; Region-wide participation in planning efforts; The hazard of depressing the quality of the rank and file of local libraries; Balance between private and public support--the risk of diminished dues support for library extension services; Complexities of territory definition; and Defining the proper recipient (the "qualified individual") of regional library service. Recognition of the problems should not be interpreted as a lack of appreciation of the great opportunity which the regional program affords. | Esterquest R T RT | 1968-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Bulletin of the Medical Library Association | 5212371 | The relationships of medical libraries to Regional Medical Program planning. | The development of Regional Medical Program legislation is summarized and the activities of the new Division of Regional Medical Programs of the National Institutes of Health are described. The first grants for regional medical programs were activated 1 July 1966, and as of 30 June 1967, forty-nine had been awarded out of a possible total of fifty-five. The importance of excellent medical library facilities within each region, especially in all major teaching hospitals, with extensions down to the level of the community hospitals, was emphasized, and the concept of the community hospital as a learning center utilizing the most modern library concepts and teaching devices was commended. The Medical Library Association was asked whether training programs were being developed which would produce the numbers of personnel needed to staff the increased number of medical libraries of the future and whether new training programs were needed for service at the community hospital level. | Sloan M H MH | 1968-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Bulletin of the Medical Library Association | 5212372 | Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. IV. Physical characteristics of the acquisitions-cataloging record. | Acquisitions-Cataloging records stored on magnetic tape by the Washington University School of Medicine Library were examined to determine frequency and average length of record components and their alphabetization requirements in a book catalog. Data from this study of 4,708 records will be used in adaptation of the Library's computer-based cataloging system to greater machine capabilities. The first of these two papers compares measurements found for WUSML records with those reported in studies of conventional catalog cards. The number of sorting positions used to alphabetize entries and causes of sort failure are examined in the second paper (Number V) which will be found on page 71 of this issue of the BULLETIN. | Roberts J J | 1968-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Gastroenterology | 5212374 | Simultaneous cineradiographic-manometric study of the distal esophagus: small hiatal hernias and rings. | Manometric features were correlated with roentgen configurations of the esophagogastric region in subjects with hiatal hernias and with rings by simultaneous cineradiographic and manometric study. The supradiaphragmatic pouch in small hiatal hernias was shown to have two functionally distinct components. Its upper portion (vestibule) had sequential contractile motor activity in response to swallowing. The lower portion was inactive and represented the true hernial sac. A weblike ring (Schatzki) or notches were often identified at the junction of these two segments. There was no peristaltic activity at or below this type of ring. A broad ring with contractile radiological behavior at the upper margin of the vestibule showed resting high pressure which fell on swallowing. This differed from the resting high pressure zone of normals in being shorter in length and showing an abrupt rather than gradual transition to contiguous pressures. Retrograde barium flow from hernial sac into the tubular esophagus was not seen when such a contractile A-ring was evident. Retrograde barium flow into the esophagus from the hernial sac occurred in those subjects not having a resting high pressure zone. Such reflux was delayed as long as the peristaltic wave persisted in the vestibular segment above the hernial sac. A constriction above the hernial sac during retrograde flow presumably represents a residual manifestation of the peristaltic wave, is transient, and is not associated with elevated resting pressure. The pressure inversion point was inconstant in its location in hiatal hernia subjects. It was often located at the site of the upwardly displaced high pressure zone, although a second pressure inversion point could be identified at the hiatal level on deep inspiration. | Heitmann P P; Wolf B S BS; Sokol E M EM; Cohen B R BR | 1966-06-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Gastroenterology | 5212375 | Determination of yield pressures: a method for measuring anal sphincter competence. | Resting pressures recorded from the anal sphincter by the open-tip method seem to reflect the last pressure to which the catheter tip was exposed before it entered the sphincter, presumable because sphincter tissues "seal" the recording orifice and thereby "trap" pressure within the recording system. By injecting or infusing small increments of fluid into the system, one can measure a physiologically meaningful pressure--the pressure required to break the "seal." For the resting sphincter, this pressure has been termed the resting yield pressure; for the maximally tightened sphincter, the augmented yield pressure. By determining yield pressures before and during active contraction of the sphincter the involuntary and voluntary components of sphincter function can be separately assessed. Measurement of yield pressures can separate sphincters judged competent or incompetent on clinical grounds. Injection of microliter quantities of fluid into the recording catheter whose tip is in the sphincter causes a marked rise in pressure. Although "bleeders" or constant slow infusions of fluid do not affect pressures recorded from within a cavity, they do significantly alter pressures recorded from a sphincter zone. | Harris L D LD; Winans C S CS; Pope C E CE | 1966-06-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Gastroenterology | 5212376 | Effect of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoids on the secretion and absorption of hydrogen ion. | The effect of bilateral adrenalectomy on the secretion and absorption of acid in Heidenhain pouch dogs has been investigated. It was found that bilateral adrenalectomy significantly decreased the acid output to varying doses of histamine and did not alter the relation between hydrogen ion concentration and the volume rate of secretion. The absorption of acid by the gastric mucosa was not changed by adrenalectomy. Glucocorticoids but not mineralocorticoids restored secretion to normal levels. These experiments indicate that the impaired secretion of acid in response to histamine in adrenalectomized dogs is not attributable to increased leakage of secreted acid from lumen to blood. | Cooke A R AR; Preshaw R M RM; Grossman M L ML | 1966-06-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Gastroenterology | 5212377 | The effect of bile duct ligation, bile duct cannulation, and hypothermia on alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced hyperbilirubinemia and cholestasis in rats. | The hyperbilirubinemic and cholestatic responses to alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) in the rat were altered by subjecting test animals to various environmental and surgical manipulations. Studies utilizing hypo- and hyperthermic conditions showed that a positive correlation exists between the rectal temperature and the effects of ANIT. In addition, it was observed that ANIT produced an apparent poikilothermic response, in that treated rats were unable to maintain normal rectal temperatures. Bile duct ligation inhibited the cholestatic and altered the hypothermic responses to ANIT treatment. Cannulation of the bile duct prior to ANIT administration significantly inhibited the hyperbilirubinemia and cessation of bile flow. These data demonstrate the importance of an intact enterohepatic circulation and normal body temperature in the actions of ANIT. The effect of the various parameters on the ANIT-induced hyperbilirubinemia and cholestasis suggests the involvement of a biotransformation product of ANIT. | Roberts R J RJ; Plaa G L GL | 1966-06-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Gastroenterology | 5212378 | On the stratification of human bile and its importance for the solubility of cholesterol. | Stratification (layer formation) is noted in vitro in hepatic bile collected after interruption of the enterohepatic circulation. Hepatic bile is still layered after more than 12 hr when collected in this way (continuously or in fractions) in a bag made of a semipermeable membrane (simulating an atonic gall bladder) and concentrated. Cholesterol solubility is very slight in the upper layer. This phenomenon may be important for precipitation of cholesterol and the formation of gallstones, since the enterohepatic circulation is interrupted when bile is stored and concentrated in the gall bladder. This condition may be prolonged by temporary stasis, which has always been considered one of the main factors in the formation of gallstones. | Thureborn E E | 1966-06-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Gastroenterology | 5212379 | Isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase in human gastric mucosa and gastric carcinoma tissue. | Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes were demonstrated electrophoretically in human fundic and pyloric gastric mucosae and in gastric carcinoma tissue. Fundic gastric mucosa consistently displayed a pattern with predominance of LD1, LD2, and LD3. Pyloric gastric mucosa and cancer tissue consistently had identical patterns with a predominance of LD2, LD3, and LD4, differing significantly from the LDH isoenzyme pattern of fundic mucosa. The LDH isoenzyme pattern characteristic of fundic mucosa extended very close to the histological junction between body and pyloric gastric mucosa and was not affected by the presence of gastritis in the stomach. These results serve to demonstrate yet another difference between mucosa from the acid-secreting and the pyloric areas of the human stomach. | Baume P E PE; Builder J E JE; Fenton B H BH; Irving L G LG; Piper D W DW | 1966-06-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Gastroenterology | 5212380 | The mechanism of the inhibition of gastric secretion produced by esophageal ligation in the pylorus-ligated rat. | Esophageal ligation in the pylorus-ligated rat significantly inhibited volume, titratable acidity, and titratable acid output and reduced the incidence of ulcers, perforations, and death of 18-hr pylorus-ligated rats. Draining the saliva outside the body of the rat by esophageal cannulation produced a significant increase in volume and gastric acidity over the esophagus-ligated preparation. A method for collection of saliva in the unanesthetized unstimulated rat was developed, and basal salivary flow was found to be 0.84 ml/4 hr. Administration of 1.0 ml of freshly collected saliva to esophagus + pylorus-ligated rats increased titratable acidity, but not volume of secretion, to the level found in the pylorus-ligated rat. A similar effect was obtained with administration of 1.0 ml of a phosphate buffer. Removal of the salivary glands had no significant effect on gastric acidity in the pylorus-ligated rat and the reduction in volume could be accounted for by the lack of saliva. Gastric secretion in the esophagus + pylorus-ligated rat was stimulated by histamine, carbachol, insulin, and 2-deoxyglucose. When the vagus nerves were cut, stimulation was still obtained with carbachol but not with insulin or 2-deoxyglucose. The data indicated that rat saliva did not contain a specific gastric stimulant material, and esophageal ligation depressed gastric secretion in the pylorus-ligated rat by inhibition of the central vagal activity. | Brodie D A DA; Knapp P G PG | 1966-06-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Gastroenterology | 5212381 | Gluten enteropathy appearing after gastric surgery. | Four patients with severe malabsorption syndrome precipitated by gastric surgery are described. The clinical features were diarrhea, steatorrhea, and a dramatic weight loss promptly following surgery. Laboratory determinations were consistent with malabsorption syndrome. Small intestinal mucosal biopsy demonstrated villous atrophy and inflammatory cell infiltration. In each instance, a gluten-free diet led to clinical improvement and a return toward normal of the laboratory measures of absorptive function. The appearance of the proximal intestinal mucosal histology improved in 3 cases. These findings indicate that evaluation of small bowel function should be undertaken prior to gastric surgery in patients with a family or past history of celiac disease, or symptomatology suggestive of an absorptive defect. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of adequate evaluation of the small intestine in patients with steatorrhea following gastric surgery. Although malabsorption in the postgastrectomy patient may result from disruption of intraluminal digestive processes, the recognition of a concomitant gluten enteropathy can lead to lifesaving dietary therapy. | Hedberg C A CA; Melnyk C S CS; Johnson C F CF | 1966-06-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Gastroenterology | 5212383 | Effect of vagotomy on the quantitative histological distribution of histamine and histidine decarboxylase in the rat stomach. | Determinations were made of the quantitative histological distribution of histamine and histidine decarboxylase in the body of the glandular stomach of fed and 14-hr fasted rats subjected to pyloroplasty and to pyloroplasty with vagotomy for comparison with untreated rats. Pyloroplasty on fasted rats had no significant effect on the concentration of histamine which was localized predominantly in the chief cell zone. However, the superimposed vagotomy was associated with some increase in the concentration. With the fed rats, the concentration was essentially unchanged from normal in either group of operated animals and it also was about the same as that in the normal fasted group. Histidine decarboxylase activity, which was also localized predominantly in the chief cell zone, underwent an increase in concentration following pyloroplasty of the fasted rats; no additional effect was observed with added vagotomy. The higher concentration of the enzyme activity in the fed rats was markedly further elevated in both groups of operated animals but these groups did not differ significantly from one another. An explanation of the elevation of histidine decarboxylase activity following pyloroplasty requires further investigation, but the lack of effect of the superimposed vagotomy on the enzyme activity would appear to rule out direct vagal control as the sole factor in determining the enzyme function at this site. | Glick D D; Swank R L RL; von Redlich D D; Sinclair A A | 1969-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Gastroenterology | 5212384 | A new method for evaluation of portasystemic shunting. The rectal octanoate tolerance test. | Hepatic clearance of a small dose of a medium chain fatty acid was used to estimate portasystemic shunting in patients with cirrhosis. Sodium octanoate dissolved in isotonic saline was administered by rectum (11.4 mg per kg of lean body mass) in three groups of 10 patients with cirrhosis and in 10 noncirrhotic controls. Two groups of patients were classified as mild and severe cirrhotics on the basis of a clinical evaluation. The third group of cirrhotic patients had a surgical portacaval shunt. Serum octanoate levels were measured in each subject for a 1-hr period following the administration of sodium octanoate by rectum. A highly significant difference (P less than 0.001) was demonstrated between all four groups of subjects with highest levels occurring in the shunted cirrhotics and the lowest levels in the control group. Serum levels obtained in 2 patients before and after a portacaval shunt increased by a factor of 2 following the operation. Two patients with proven occlusion of a surgical shunt fell well within the range of the nonoperated cirrhotic patients. The results suggest that the rectal octanoate tolerance test can probably be used for evaluation of collateral circulation in cirrhotic patients and for testing the patency of surgical shunts. | Linscheer W G WG; Castell D O DO; Platt R R RR | 1969-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Gastroenterology | 5212385 | Successful treatment of chronic esophageal moniliasis with a viscous suspension of nystatin. | A 35-year-old man with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and moniliasis developed progressive dysphagia and weight loss. Diagnostic studies established the presence of esophageal moniliasis. Therapy with a viscous suspension of nystatin resulted in rapid clinical improvement; prolonged administration of the drug was associated with progressive widening of a narrowed segment of esophagus and complete disappearance of dysphagia. The chemotherapy of esophageal moniliasis is discussed in the light of current knowledge of the pharmacological action of nystatin. | Kantrowitz P A PA; Fleischli D J DJ; Butler W T WT | 1969-10-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Progress in cardiovascular diseases | 5212389 | Detection of individual susceptibility toward coronary disease. | Current views on the usefulness of pre-clinical markers to detect susceptibility toward coronary heart disease have been presented, including the role of the hyperlipidemias, hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, family history and several other personal attributes. In addition, various clinical, electrocardiographic and other indices of early clinical disease serve as premonitory warning signals toward myocardial infarction and sudden death. Individuals harboring one or more of these risk factors should be detected and protected by means of preventive measures. | Epstein F H FH; Ostrander L D LD | 1971-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Progress in cardiovascular diseases | 5212390 | Prevention of myocardial infarction. | The possible methods of preventing myocardial infarction have been discussed. The desirability of prevention in the total problem of myocardial infarction is stressed. The methods consist of the prevention of the underlying coronary atherosclerosis, and the secondary prevention of myocardial ischemia contributed by other factors than those presumed to relate to atherosclerosis. In the primary prevention of coronary atherosclerosis the two major risk factors are elevation of serum lipids and of blood pressure. The benefits to be achieved by reduction of elevation of both of these abnormalities are discussed. Both require a long-term approach starting as early in life as possible. The major methods of prevention or retardation of coronary ischemia irrespective of coronary artery disease involve discontinuance of cigarette-smoking and a program of increased physical activity. In addition, prevention or correction of polycythemia, anemia or hypercoagulability should be included. The use of oxygen, in higher percentage or at higher pressure than in the atmosphere, surgical intervention to improve the myocardial blood supply and pharmacologic agents to improve myocardial metabolism are also considered. Quantitation of the benefit of preventive programs is still impossible. Benefit from lowering blood lipids and blood pressure requires long-term therapy begun early in life. Discontinuance of cigarette smoking and increasing the amount of physical activity offer reasonable assurance of immediate benefit. So also does correction of hematologic abnormalities. Pharmacologic agents and surgery to improve coronary blood flow still require further evaluation. | Dawber T R TR; Thomas H E HE | 1971-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Progress in cardiovascular diseases | 5212391 | Free fatty acids during acute myocardial infarction. | Free fatty acids (FFA) are elevated in plasma soon after the onset of symptoms associated with developing myocardial infarction. Levels above 1200 mu Eq./L. are associated with a significantly increased incidence of serious ventricular arrhythmias, heart block and sudden death. Evidence is presented from experimental myocardial infarction in dogs to show that high levels of FFA can themselves cause arrhythmia, although catecholamines are mainly responsible for the mobilization of FFA during clinical episodes of acute myocardial ischemia. It is postulated that high concentrations of FFA irrespective of the mode of elevation have a deleterious effect on the function of the heart during hypoxia. These observations offer a new therapeutic approach to the management of arrhythmias and of acute myocardial infarction. Attention should be directed to blocking FFA release from adipose tissue and to providing the hypoxic myocardial cells with a concentration of glucose which will provide adequate substrate for all energy requirements of the heart. | Kurien V A VA; Oliver M F MF | 1971-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Progress in cardiovascular diseases | 5212392 | Left ventricular performance after acute myocardial infarction. | Current knowledge concerning the major hemodynamic features of acute myocardial infarction has been reviewed and discussed in relation to present concepts of cardiac pathophysiology. The physical examination provides a great deal of information and new, noninvasive methods promise to supplement the bedside appraisal of left ventricular function. Direct hemodynamic methods of serially monitoring patients with acute myocardial infarction are finding increasing application and recently have added considerably to our understanding of this condition. Certain limitations in the use of the central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and cardiac output in appraising left ventricular function have become apparent, but together with direct catheterization of the left ventricle such hemodynamic studies have now provided limited correlations between the clinical picture and various hemodynamic patterns. It is becoming increasingly clear that most of these features, including cardiogenic shock, probably reflect varying degrees of left ventricular failure. These initial findings and interpretations will require confirmation, however, and so far insufficient objective data are available concerning the natural history of acute myocardial infarction and its responses to various forms of therapy. The aims of investigations now being carried in specialized Myocardial Infarction Research Units and other cardiovascular research centers, are to gain such further understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and to aid in its clinical management by developing accurate indirect monitoring techniques as well as new forms of therapy. | Karliner J S JS; Ross J J | 1971-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Progress in cardiovascular diseases | 5212393 | Continuous monitoring of ambulatory patients with coronary disease. | Continuous monitoring of ambulatory patients has been of great value in the evaluation of paroxysmal rapid arrhythmias and of conduction disturbances as well as in the objective assessment of their therapy. This applies to both pharmacological and electrical treatment. However, it should be stressed that disorders of rhythm in general should be analyzed not only from the electrical point of view, but in the light of the clinical situation in which they occur. Although ST-T wave changes should not be used for diagnostic purposes the correlation of ischemic or injury patterns with the clinical findings has enhanced our knowledge of the natural history and therapy of ischemic heart disease. Technical requirements include proper electrode placement and stability as well as adequate selection of the monitoring lead system according to the needs. The tapes should be interpreted by a well trained individual with a thorough understanding of the potential sources of artefactual contours and of cardiac arrhythmias in general. | Iyengar R R; Castellanos A A; Spence M M | 1971-01-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5212401 | Ornithine-urea cycle activity in xenopus laevis: adaptation in saline. | The concentration of urea in the blood and the rate of urea excretion were markedly elevated in Xenopus maintained in hypertonic saline for 2 to 3 weeks. These changes were accompanied by a twofold increase in the activity of the ornithine-urea cycle as measured in liver slices. The activity of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase rose threefold in frogs adapted to saline. These results suggest that changes in activities of urea cycle enzymes may be important in the adaptation of aquatic organisms to environments of varying salinities. | McBean R L RL; Goldstein L L | 1967-08-25 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5212403 | Enhanced protein synthesis in a cell-free system from hypertrophied skeletal muscle. | Hypertrophy of the rat soleus muscle was induced by tenotomy of the synergistic muscles. Four days after the operation, the weight of the muscle had increased by 30 percent. The hypertrophied muscle had an increased concentration of DNA and RNA, when compared to the contralateral control soleus. Although the amount of myofibrillar protein increased during the 4-day period, the concentration of this component decreased. Microsomes prepared from hypertrophied muscle had an increased RNA concentration. The combined microsomes and pH-5 enzyme from hypertrophied muscle supported a faster rate of protein synthesis in vitro than the same system prepared from an equal weight of contralateral muscle which was used as a control. | Hamosch M M; Lesch M M; Baron J J; Kaufman S S | 1967-08-25 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5212402 | Hemagglutinating 7S subunits of 19S cold agglutinins. | Two highly purified IgM cold agglutinins have been mildly reduced yielding 7S subunits, with interchain covalent bonds intact. These subunits retained most of the cold-agglutinin activity as well as the specificity of the parent antibodies. However, as might be anticipated from theories of the importance of antibody size and number of subunits for complement binding, the IgM subunits were only very weakly lytic compared with the intact cold agglutinins. The findings are consistent with the presence of ten antibody-combining sites on the IgM molecule. | Cooper A G AG | 1967-08-25 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5212404 | Distribution of circulation rates within a single tissue type. | An analysis is undertaken to determine the continuous distribution of circulation rates which would be necessary for a single tissue type to display a simple exponential response for the exchange of a solute with blood. It is shown that there can be no more than one real solution. This indicates that heterogeneous circulation cannot be invoked to explain anomalies to the popular assumption that blood perfusion is the process limiting the rate of blood-tissue exchange. | Hills B A BA | 1967-08-25 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5212405 | Ultrastructure of thrombosthenin, the contractile protein of human blood platelets. | Partially purified thrombosthenin with adenosine triphosphatase activity similar to that of actomyosin was subjected to electron microscopy. More than 50 percent of the material consisted of fibrils 80 to 100 angstroms in width. Occasional fibrils suggested a periodic structure. The morphology of isolated thrombosthenin resembled that of microfibrils in the cytoplasm and pseudopods of intact platelets. | Zucker-Franklin D D; Nachman R L RL; Marcus A J AJ | 1967-08-25 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5212406 | Embryonic morphogenesis: role of fibrous lattice in the development of feathers and feather patterns. | In the morphogenesis of embryonic feather germs the formation of dermal cell groupings is associated with the development of a highly regular pattern of birefringence in the dermis. This birefringence is due to a lattice-like system of collagenous tracts along which dermal cells become progressively aligned and grouped in regularly spaced sites. The experimental results suggest that this fibrous lattice is of major significance in the morphogenesis of feather germs and in their characteristic pattern of distribution. | Stuart E S ES; Moscona A A AA | 1967-08-25 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5212407 | Phosphorylation with inorganic phosphates at moderate temperatures. | Uridine phosphates may be obtained by heating uridine with inorganic phosphates for 9 months at temperatures as low as 65 degrees C. Under similar conditions, uridine-5'-phosphate, in addition to forming uridine diphosphates, undergoes some dephosphorylation to give uridine. | Beck A A; Lohrmann R R; Orgel L E LE | 1967-08-25 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5212408 | Motility of the turtle embryo, Chelydra serpentina (Linné). | Periodic motility of turtle embryos was observed during their incubation periods (60 +/- 5 days). Cyclic activity was first observed between days 10 to 14; it increased to a peak level of 50 percent of the standard observation period on day 30 +/- 5, then declined to low levels until hatching activities were initiated. During the first third of the incubation period, motility of the turtles closely resembled that previously described for chick embryos at similar stages of development. | Decker J D JD | 1967-08-25 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5212409 | Increased litter size in the rat x-irradiated during the estrous cycle before mating. | Average numbers of ovulations, implantations, and living fetuses obtained from rats x-irradiated during the estrous cycle before mating are a function of both the radiation dose and the time of exposure during the cycle. Animals irradiated during metestrus or the day thereafter exhibit significant increases in the factors studied, while those irradiated on the 3rd day after metestrus maintain fewer implantations after exposure to 300, 500, and 600 roentgens, and fewer living fetuses after exposure to 100 to 600 roentgens. | Hahn E W EW; Ward W F WF | 1967-08-25 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5212526 | Elastase: production by ringworm fungi. | Isolants of nine species of Trichophyton, one of Epidermophyton, and four of Microsporum were assayed for elastase activity. The species or isolants with elastase activity were obtained from patients with inflammatory ring-worm infection. In Nannizzia fulva (M. fulvum), plus-mating-type strains were elastase-positive and minus-mating-type strains elastase-negative. A genetic study of mating type and elastase activity indicated a monogenic basis for both mating type and elastase activity. | Rippon J W JW | 1967-08-25 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British medical journal | 5212579 | Incidence of uraemia and requirements for maintenance haemodialysis. | The biochemistry laboratory records of a 400-bed general hospital serving a population of about 120,000 showed that during the three-year period 1966-8 inclusive 487 patients had at some stage during their admission a blood urea of 100 mg/100 ml or more. Ninety per cent. were aged 50 or over, 79% were 60 or over, and 52% were 70 or over.The case notes of all patients with renal failure admitted during 1966 and 1967 were examined together with those of patients under 60 admitted during 1968. Three observers agreed about the most likely cause of the renal failure in 90% of patients whose case notes were available, or 74% of the total. The raised blood urea was thought to be due to "prerenal" factors in 60% of the patients, to acute tubular necrosis in 80%, to obstructive uropathy in 12%, and to "intrinsic" renal disease in 20%. Renal failure precipitated by such factors as cardiac failure, chest infections, cerebrovascular accidents, and shock was particularly common in old people.The hospital survey and replies to a questionnaire sent to all general practitioners in the area suggest that in the three-year period 14 patients may have been suitable for treatment by maintenance haemodialysis or renal transplantation. This represents a rate of about 39 per million per year under the age of 60 and 28 per million per year under 50. | Branch R A RA; Clark G W GW; Cochrane A L AL; Jones J H JH; Scarborough H H | 1971-01-30 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British medical journal | 5212580 | Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum despite treatment with antibacterial eye-drops. | Over a five-year period, 1964-8, 48 cases of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum were notified to the department of venereology in Glasgow. Thirty-seven babies were born in hospital and 11 at home. The conjunctivitis, usually recorded as a "sticky eye," developed between 1 and 13 days of birth, 36 by the fourth day.Diagnosis by culture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was delayed in some cases up to 30 days after the appearance of the signs for those born in hospital and 15 days for those born at home, usually because of the blind use of antibacterial eye-drops which produced temporary alleviation of the signs without eradicating the infection; chloramphenicol was noteworthy in this respect.A "sticky eye" will resolve without the use of antibacterial agents, ophthalmia neonatorum will not. When it is decided to use an antibacterial agent pretreatment conjunctival smears for immediate staining and swabs for culture should be taken and the case notified to the medical officer of health.Gonococcal ophthalmia is a preventable disease. In view of the obstetricians' already heavily committed clinical work load there is need for venereologists to collaborate, on consultation and within the maternity hospitals wherever possible, in the screening of antenatal patients for candidiasis and trichomoniasis as well as for gonorrhoea. Some target groups, those with a pathological vaginal discharge or with certain adverse social factors, warrant more thorough investigation, while all those treated require further examination to ensure cure. | Schofield C B CB; Shanks R A RA | 1971-01-30 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British medical journal | 5212581 | Candida endocarditis treated with 5-fluorocytosine. | Three patients with endocarditis due to Candida species were treated with 5-fluorocytosine. One had endocarditis imposed on senile aortic sclerosis and survived and two had infections on prosthetic valves and died. In the latter two patients chemotherapy failed to eradicate the infection and was associated with marrow depression and possibly hepatic necrosis. | Record C O CO; Skinner J M JM; Sleight P P; Speller D C DC | 1971-01-30 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | British medical journal | 5212582 | Immigrant mother and her child. | The health risks of 1,164 immigrant Asian mothers and their babies in Bradford were compared with those of an indigenous group from obstetric data collected between 1965 and 1969. The average number of children for families in each group in 1969 were 3.31 and 2.33, respectively; 43.9% of 2,206 Asian mothers delivered in 1968-9 had less than a one-year interval between pregnancies. In 1965 the perinatal mortality rates for the two groups were 48.6 and 26.6, respectively, whereas in 1969 the corresponding figures were 26.8 and 25.5, respectively. Though the risks to maternal and child health of Asians are greater, Asian families are more stable and their children have a more secure upbringing than non-Asian children. However, Asian children need increased environmental stimulus in early childhood to prevent educational disadvantages at a later age. | Bamford F N FN | 1971-01-30 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5213700 | Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase: electrophoretic variants associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia. | Starch-gel electrophoresis of leukocyte alkaline phosphatases, rendered soluble by treating normal leukocytes with butanol, revealed three electrophoretic variants of the enzyme. The phosphatases in similarly prepared extracts of leukemia cells differed from the normal isozymes in electrophoretic. mobility. A single variant was detected in one case of untreated leukemia; a similar component and three additional ones were seen in leukemia treated with 6-mercaptopurine. | Robinson J C JC; Pierce J E JE; Goldstein D P DP | 1965-10-01 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine | 5216147 | Combinations of drugs in the treatment of acute leukemias. | In the United States, the Acute Leukemia Task Force has been studying ways to achieve chemical control over the acute leukemias. It was found that L1210 mouse leukemia is an excellent predictive model for childhood acute leukemia. Examination of the kinetics of cell generation led to the conclusions that a single cell could multiply to a lethal number of cells in a relatively short time, and that therapy must destroy every cell. Extension of these hypotheses to childhood leukemia has permitted estimates of generation time of human leukemic cells; the size of the leukemic cell population at clinical relapse and the fractional destruction of cells by individual drugs. By the use of combinations of antileukemic drugs complete cell destruction has been approached in a few patients with early leukemia. | Zubrod C G CG | 1965-11-02 | pubmed24n0173.xml |
PUBMED | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 5218049 | Virus induction of osteosarcomas in mice. | A virus extractcd from an osteosarcoma of a mouse produces simiillar fumors when Injected into newborn mice. The original tumor appeared spoiltaneously in an untreated CFI male. The time between inoculation with virus and detection of bone sarcoma has been as short as 23 days. | Finkel M P MP; Biskis B O BO; Jinkins P B PB | 1966-02-11 | pubmed24n0173.xml |