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mmlu_anatomy

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{ "Correct Answer": "resorb bone and differentiate from monocytes.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "deposit bone and differentiate from periosteal mesenchymal cells.", "B": "resorb bone and differentiate from periosteal mesenchymal cells.", "C": "deposit bone and differentiate from monocytes.", "D": "resorb bone and differentiate from monocytes." }, "Question": "Osteoclasts" }

{ "Correct Answer": "is attached to the condylar process and protrudes the mandible.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "is attached to the coronoid process and elevates the mandible.", "B": "is attached to the condylar process and elevates the mandible.", "C": "is attached to the coronoid process and protrudes the mandible.", "D": "is attached to the condylar process and protrudes the mandible." }, "Question": "The lateral pterygoid muscle" }

{ "Correct Answer": "pulmonary artery to the aorta.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "pulmonary vein to the aorta.", "B": "aorta to pulmonary vein.", "C": "pulmonary artery to the aorta.", "D": "aorta to the pulmonary artery." }, "Question": "In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus passes blood from the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The ribs and sternum", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "The ribs", "B": "The ribs and sternum", "C": "The ribs, sternum and clavicle", "D": "The ribs, sternum, clavicle and vertebrae" }, "Question": "Which of the following bones develop by endochondral ossification?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "keratinised and has submucosa and minor salivary glands posterolaterally.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "keratinised and has submucosa and minor salivary glands posterolaterally.", "B": "non-keratinised and has submucosa and minor salivary glands posteromedially.", "C": "keratinised and lacks submucosa and minor salivary glands.", "D": "non-keratinised and lacks submucosa and minor salivary glands." }, "Question": "The mucosa of the hard palate is" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The inferior articular demifacet of T5 and the superior articular demifacet of T6.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "The inferior articular facet of T5 and superior articular facet of T6.", "B": "The inferior articular demifacet of T5 and superior articular facet of T6.", "C": "The inferior articular demifacet of T5 and the superior articular demifacet of T6.", "D": "The superior and inferior demifacets of T6." }, "Question": "The head of the sixth rib articulates with" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Spleen", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Appendix", "B": "Duodenum", "C": "Spleen", "D": "Pancreas" }, "Question": "Which of the following is located beneath the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "ligaments and articular discs.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "articular cartilage and synovial membrane.", "B": "synovial membrane and capsule.", "C": "capsule and ligaments.", "D": "ligaments and articular discs." }, "Question": "Proprioceptive nerve endings in synovial joints are located in" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Respiration", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Alimentation", "B": "Menstruation", "C": "Mentation", "D": "Respiration" }, "Question": "The thoracic cage is a structural unit important for which of the following functions?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "skull bones and dura mater.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "skull bones and dura mater.", "B": "dura mater and arachnoid.", "C": "arachnoid and pia mater.", "D": "pia mater and brain surface." }, "Question": "A patient is admitted after a head injury and sinks rapidly into a coma. An MRI scan indicates an extradural haemorrhage because extravasated blood can be detected between the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "maxillary anterior teeth, their labial gingivae and the upper lip.", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "maxillary anterior teeth.", "B": "maxillary anterior teeth and their labial gingivae.", "C": "maxillary anterior teeth, their labial gingivae and the upper lip.", "D": "maxillary anterior teeth, their labial gingivae, the upper lip and anterior hard palate." }, "Question": "A successful infraorbital nerve block will produce anaesthesia of the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The foramen ovale, rotundum and spinosum", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "The foramen ovale", "B": "The foramen ovale and rotundum", "C": "The foramen ovale, rotundum and spinosum", "D": "The foramen ovale, rotundum and spinosum and foramen lacerum" }, "Question": "Which of the following foramina pierce the sphenoid bone?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Narcolepsy", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Dyslexia", "B": "Epilepsy", "C": "Hydrocephalus", "D": "Narcolepsy" }, "Question": "Which of the following is a disorder characterized by uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Alveoli", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Alveoli", "B": "Bronchi", "C": "Bronchioles", "D": "Capillaries" }, "Question": "Which of the following allows gas exchange in the lungs?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Closed, greenstick", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Closed, greenstick", "B": "Complex, comminuted", "C": "Compound, transverse", "D": "Open, spiral" }, "Question": "A patient has a fracture in which the radius is bent but not displaced, and the skin is intact. This type of fracture is known as which of the following?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Fallopian tube", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Cervix", "B": "Fallopian tube", "C": "Ovary", "D": "Uterus" }, "Question": "Fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon occurs in which of the following structures?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "all three structures.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "the neural tube.", "B": "ectomesenchymal cells.", "C": "dental enamel.", "D": "all three structures." }, "Question": "Ectoderm gives rise to" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Prostate", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Epididymis", "B": "Prostate", "C": "Scrotum", "D": "Seminal vesicle" }, "Question": "In men, which of the following structures is located at the neck of the bladder and surrounds the urethra?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "is prevented from everting by papillary muscles.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "is a semilunar valve", "B": "is prevented from everting by papillary muscles.", "C": "is open during systole.", "D": "prevents blood returning from the pulmonary trunk as the heart relaxes." }, "Question": "Which of the following options completes the following statement? \"The right atrioventricular valve…\"" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The cerebellum", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "The frontal lobe", "B": "The parietal lobe", "C": "The hypothalamus", "D": "The cerebellum" }, "Question": "Which one of the following brain areas is supplied by branches of the subclavian arteries?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Ileum", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Ascending colon", "B": "Cecum", "C": "Ileum", "D": "Sigmoid colon" }, "Question": "Which of the following structures is part of the small intestine?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "anterior and lateral to medial pterygoid.", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "posterior and medial to medial pterygoid.", "B": "anterior and lateral to medial pterygoid.", "C": "through medial pterygoid.", "D": "inferior to medial pterygoid." }, "Question": "During an inferior alveolar nerve block the needle ideally passes" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Pernicious anemia", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Bell's palsy", "B": "Crohn's disease", "C": "Pernicious anemia", "D": "Graves' disease" }, "Question": "Patients with which of the following diseases are treated with injections of vitamin B-12?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The temporal bone", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "The maxillary bone", "B": "The temporal bone", "C": "The sphenoid bone", "D": "The frontal bone" }, "Question": "Which of the following bones has a process that joins with the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "sacral spinal nerves.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "cervical spinal nerves.", "B": "thoracic spinal nerves.", "C": "lumbar spinal nerves.", "D": "sacral spinal nerves." }, "Question": "Parasympathetic preganglionic axons leave the CNS with the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Pupillary constriction and vasodilation of facial vessels", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Pupillary constriction", "B": "Pupillary constriction and vasodilation of facial vessels", "C": "Pupillary constriction, vasodilation of facial vessels and increased facial sweating", "D": "Pupillary constriction, vasodilation of facial vessels, increased facial sweating and decreased lacrimation" }, "Question": "A patient with damage to their cervical sympathetic chain will show the following signs and symptoms." }

{ "Correct Answer": "Olfactory", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Abducens", "B": "Hypoglossal", "C": "Olfactory", "D": "Trochlear" }, "Question": "Which of the following cranial nerves is related to the sense of smell?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "medulla oblongata", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "midbrain", "B": "pons", "C": "medulla oblongata", "D": "cerebellum" }, "Question": "Where are the vital centres located in the brainstem?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Starches", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Starches", "B": "Proteins", "C": "Fats", "D": "Minerals" }, "Question": "Saliva contains an enzyme that acts upon which of the following nutrients?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "auditory tube opens.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "auditory tube opens.", "B": "cricopharyngeus muscle contracts.", "C": "rima glottis opens.", "D": "gag reflex is suspended." }, "Question": "During swallowing the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "sensory neuronal processes.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "sensory neuronal processes.", "B": "sensory and autonomic neuronal processes.", "C": "motor neuronal processes.", "D": "motor and autonomic neuronal processes." }, "Question": "The dorsal roots of all spinal nerves contain" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Pituitary", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Adrenal", "B": "Pancreas", "C": "Pineal", "D": "Pituitary" }, "Question": "Which of the following is the master gland of the endocrine system?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "lingual branch of the mandibular trigeminal nerve.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "lingual branch of the mandibular trigeminal nerve.", "B": "chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve.", "C": "lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.", "D": "hypoglossal nerve." }, "Question": "Loss of somatic sensation over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue indicates damage to the" }

{ "Correct Answer": "Urethra", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Anus", "B": "Bladder", "C": "Urethra", "D": "Testicle" }, "Question": "In men, specimens for gonococcal cultures are most commonly obtained from which of the following structures?" }

{ "Correct Answer": "The mandibular canal, maxillary sinus, hard palate and zygomatic arch", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "The mandibular canal", "B": "The mandibular canal and maxillary sinus", "C": "The mandibular canal, maxillary sinus and hard palate", "D": "The mandibular canal, maxillary sinus, hard palate and zygomatic arch" }, "Question": "Which of the following structures should be visible on a dental panoramic radiograph?" }