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4047459

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling%20Society%20X

Wrestling Society X

Wrestling Society X (WSX) is a short-lived American professional wrestling promotion and professional wrestling-based television series created in 2006 by Big Vision Entertainment. The weekly television series formerly aired on MTV, MTV2, MTV Tr3s, and over a dozen other MTV outlets throughout the world. WSXtra, an extra program featuring WSX matches and interviews not broadcast on television, was available on the promotion's MTV website and Video on Demand. WSX was presented as a secret society of wrestling that used a venue referred to as the WSX Bunker, complete with an artificially worn-out looking ring for its matchups. In matches held within this venue, falls count anywhere was the stipulation. The program also stood out due to its unorthodox approach to pro wrestling; this included frequent use of highly expressive plants, crowd sound effects, electrical sound effects, visual effects, and camera shaking when a wrestler would fall prey to electrical weapons. Along with wrestling, WSX featured musical guests playing at the start of each television broadcast, with some band members joining the broadcast team (consisting of Kris Kloss and Bret Ernst) after the performance. History The WSX pilot was taped on February 10, 2006, in Los Angeles, California, and all wrestlers present were forced to sign an agreement stating that they would take part in a full season if the show was picked up by MTV. Delirious was not used at the taping due to his refusal to sign the agreement, as it would have prevented him from working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. On July 8, 2006, MTV commissioned the promotion to produce a full season of episodes for their network, and WSX taped its first season of shows between November 11 and November 16, 2006, in Los Angeles, California. The tapings were booked by head writer Kevin Kleinrock, Cody Michaels and Vampiro. The series premiered January 30, 2007, on MTV. It originally aired Tuesdays at 10:30 p.m. ET, to compete with the second half of ECW on Sci Fi. The WSX Championship was the only title featured and defended on the program, but announcer Kris Kloss hinted (towards the end of the series) at the arrival of WSX Tag Team Championships in the future during tag team matches and on the unaired season finale it was announced the creation of an X Division-style title for the second season. The fourth episode of the series was pulled by MTV after a spot featuring Ricky Banderas throwing a fireball at Vampiro was deemed unairable by the network, but would air in edited form on February 27, 2007. On February 28, 2007, it was announced that Wrestling Society X had been canceled by MTV. A marathon of new episodes 5–9 aired on March 13, 2007, as MTV later announced that the marathon served as the season finale of WSX and was quietly removed from its scheduled slot on March 20 on MTV. A 10th episode which was set to be the original season finale never aired on television but was later released on the Wrestling Society X: The Complete First (and Last) Season DVD. Episodes MTV aired unadvertised previews of the first two episodes the Friday before they premiered at 11:00 pm ET. Prior to WSX debuting, this timeslot normally averaged a 0.10 rating. The first preview episode on January 26 drew a 0.43 rating, while the second preview episode on February 2 drew 0.50. MTV discontinued preview airings beginning with the third episode in hopes of maximizing ratings for the Tuesday broadcasts. Home video Wrestling Society X: The Complete First (and Last) Season DVD was released on November 13, 2007. The set features all 10 episodes, all 10 WSXtra episodes, deleted scenes and special features. All of the musical performances were edited out of the DVD set. Also on the DVD were scenes already recorded for the second season, including a season opener WSX Title Match between Ricky Banderas and Youth Suicide in a scaffold match and a feud between Nic Grimes and Mickie Knuckles. WSX Championship The WSX Championship was the only professional wrestling title in the short-lived promotion. A ten-man WSX Rumble, which aired on January 30, 2007, was held to decide the participants in the first WSX Championship match, with 6-Pac and Vampiro winning. On November 11, 2006 (aired February 6, 2007), Vampiro defeated 6-Pac with a Tombstone Piledriver inside an exploding coffin to become the first WSX Champion. Rick Banderas defeated Vampiro on November 15, 2006 (aired March 14, 2007) with a Chokeslam into an exploding coffin wrapped in barbed-wire to win the WSX Championship. The promotion closed in March 2007, and Banderas was stripped of the championship on June 17, 2007. Statistically, Banderas held the title the longest. A WSX Rumble match starts out as a Royal Rumble match and when all the participants have arrived, the match then becomes a Ladder match. Roster See also List of professional wrestling television series References External links WSX.mtv.com – Official website MySpace.com/WrestlingSocietyX – Official MySpace IWantMyWSX.com – Ticket information ProWrestlingPress.com – Interview with Co-creator Houston Curtis – Wrestling Society X DVD on Amazon American professional wrestling television series 2007 American television series debuts 2007 American television series endings MTV original programming Professional wrestling in Los Angeles Independent professional wrestling promotions based in California

4047469

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damon%20Diletti

Damon Diletti

Damon Laurance Diletti (born 1 May 1971 in Perth, Western Australia) is a former field hockey goalkeeper from Australia, who competed in three consequentive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1992. At each appearance the electrician won a medal. Diletti was nicknamed Dingo by his teammates, and was a member of The Kookaburras team for nine years. Apart from three Olympics he participated in two Hockey World Cups and six Champions Trophy tournaments. He resigned after the 2000 Summer Olympics, after playing 133 international matches for Australia. He is the current U14 Boys division 1 coach at the Modernians hockey club. References External links 1971 births Australian male field hockey players Male field hockey goalkeepers Olympic field hockey players for Australia Olympic silver medalists for Australia Olympic bronze medalists for Australia Field hockey players at the 1992 Summer Olympics Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics 1998 Men's Hockey World Cup players Field hockey players from Perth, Western Australia Living people Olympic medalists in field hockey Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia Field hockey players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games 20th-century Australian people Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Sportsmen from Western Australia

4047470

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20Soopers

King Soopers

King Soopers is an American supermarket chain located in the Rocky Mountains of the United States. It started as its own brand, and is now a subsidiary of Kroger. It is headquartered in Denver, Colorado. King Soopers has a significant presence in the state of Colorado on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains. The stores are located along the Front Range from Cheyenne, Wyoming, to Pueblo, Colorado. There are also a few locations in the foothills west of Denver and Colorado Springs. History Early history Lloyd J. King opened the first King Soopers with Charles W. Houchens in October 1947 in Arvada, Colorado. This location has since been demolished for Arvada's Public Library, built in 2005–06. The name "King Soopers" was derived from Lloyd's family name and an alternate spelling of the word "super!" from the Archie comics series that one of his two sons, Larry, read. Within the next five years, King Soopers became the first grocery store in the country to open an in-store pharmacy and one of the earliest to have a meat department. Ownership changes King Soopers grew to be five (or nine) stores large, including Denver and Colorado Springs before being bought out by Dillon Companies in 1957. The original King Soopers location would be relocated from today-Olde Town Arvada to Arvada Plaza, and that location is still open today. King Soopers' then-parent, Dillon Companies, was bought out by The Kroger Company in late 1982 into '83, and King Soopers and Dillon's are both still owned by Kroger today. Fresh Fare King Soopers In 2012, Kroger expanded its Fresh Fare style of supermarkets into the King Soopers brand, opening the first Fresh Fare King Soopers in Englewood, Colorado. This is a concept that first appeared in Kroger as early as 2007 and actually seems to have started with Ralphs, another Kroger subsidiary primarily located in California in 1998. The main idea of Fresh Fare is to be a bit more upscale in that it sells more organic foods while still selling traditional groceries; it follows the themes of the 'Green Grocer' Concept. King Soopers Marketplace In 2012, the first King Soopers Marketplace opened, just one year after the first Kroger Marketplace in Texas. As of 2017, there are ten King Soopers Marketplace locations all located in Colorado. The marketplace concept is much different compared to Fresh Fare; it is based on Fred Meyer stores, (which have spawned multiple Marketplace stores under other Kroger banners), and features an even wider selection of products besides just food and other necessities. Modern day Since King Soopers was started, a rough total of 118 King Soopers were opened, many of which are still open today, and most of which are in Colorado except for one, located in Cheyenne, Wyoming. References External links Homepage Kroger corporate homepage 1947 establishments in Colorado Arvada, Colorado Companies based in Denver Companies based in Jefferson County, Colorado Economy of the Southwestern United States Kroger Retail companies established in 1947 Supermarkets of the United States

4047477

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quah%20Chow%20Cheung

Quah Chow Cheung

Quah Chow-cheung (Chinese: 柯昭璋, 8 June 1913 in Penang – 1965 in Hong Kong) was the Colony Commissioner of The Scout Association of Hong Kong from 1950 to 1953, succeeding Victor Halward. He was the first Chinese Colony Commissioner in Hong Kong Scouting. Before that appointment, he was appointed by Halward as one of two Chinese District Commissioner and cared the development of Scouting in Kowloon and south New Territories of Hong Kong. During the Battle of Hong Kong in World War II, Quah was a Lance Corporal in Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps. He was hurt in the defense of Stonecutter's Island and escaped the next attack by Japanese forces in Wong Nai Chung Gap in December 1941. After the surrender of Japan in 1945, he and Halward actively re-established Scouting in Hong Kong. References Hong Kong people of World War II People associated with Scouting Scouting and Guiding in Hong Kong 1913 births 1965 deaths British colonial army soldiers

4047478

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WADL%20%28TV%29

WADL (TV)

WADL (channel 38) is a television station licensed to Mount Clemens, Michigan, United States, serving the Detroit area as an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. Locally owned by the Adell Broadcasting Corporation, the station maintains studios and transmitter facilities on Adell Drive in Clinton Township. WADL's transmitter tower is shorter and located farther east than the market's other major stations; as a result, its broadcasting radius does not reach the western and southwestern portions of the Detroit metro, and its over-the-air signal is marginal in Windsor and Essex County, Ontario, Canada. Therefore, the station relies on cable and satellite carriage to reach the entire market. History Early history Although Adell Broadcasting filed for an application for the channel 38 license on September 25, 1985, it took four years for WADL to begin broadcasting, signing on the air for the first time on May 20, 1989. The station was founded by Franklin Z. Adell, previously the owner of an automotive parts supplier company. His son Kevin Adell joined the company after graduating from Arizona State University in 1988. Its original programming blocks were filled with mostly Home Shopping Network programs, religious shows and other paid programming, classic movies and hourly blocks of the syndicated music video show Hit Video USA. In 1990, it began running several hours of syndicated programs. In 1992, channel 38 began running CBS shows that were preempted by that network's then-affiliate WJBK-TV (channel 2). Despite its relationship with WJBK, WADL was barely competitive in the ratings at first. Most of the stronger syndicated programs had been acquired by Fox affiliate WKBD-TV (channel 50; which, for all intents and purposes, was programmed as an independent as Fox did not carry a full week's worth of programming until 1993) and fellow independent station WXON (channel 20, now WMYD). There simply was not enough programming to go around, even for a market as large as Detroit. Channel 38 faced an additional problem in the form of CBC-owned CBET (channel 9) in Windsor, which owned the Detroit market rights to other syndicated programs. It relied mostly on paid programming; the few entertainment shows seen on WADL's schedule consisted of barter programming. In May 1994, WJBK's then-owner, New World Communications signed a groupwide deal with Fox to switch the network affiliations of twelve of the company's 14 stations to Fox (two of which New World would sell to Fox outright as it could not keep them due to ownership conflicts). One of the stations due to switch was WJBK. CBS approached three of Detroit's major stations—WXYZ-TV (channel 7, which renewed its ABC affiliation), WKBD, and WXON—all of which turned CBS down; WDIV was eliminated as a possibility due to the station's long-term affiliation contract with NBC. Fearing it would be left without an affiliate in Detroit, CBS began talks with WADL. As a measure of how desperate CBS was at the time, it approached WADL even though most Detroit-area viewers didn't even know the station existed. However, Franklin Adell and CBS could not come to a mutual agreement, due to what CBS called unreasonable demands on Adell's part. CBS eventually bought Detroit's other low-profile independent, WGPR-TV (channel 62), changing its calls to WWJ-TV and moved the network's programming there on December 11, 1994, months before its purchase was finalized. On August 31, 1998, WADL began carrying children's programming from Fox Kids (later FoxBox and 4KidsTV), after picking up the rights to the block from then-UPN affiliate WKBD, which had continued to air the Fox Kids weekday and Saturday blocks even after losing its Fox affiliation to WJBK. The station also acquired several syndicated children's programs. After Fox discontinued the Fox Kids weekday block in 2002, WADL continued running the revamped Fox Box until the fall of 2003, when Fox's 4Kids TV Saturday morning block moved to then-WB affiliate WDWB (later MyNetworkTV affiliate WMYD). During this time, until October 2007, WADL was the only other station besides WKBD and WMYD to continuously air children's programming. From the program's 1999 debut until 2002, WADL also broadcast the NBC daytime soap opera Passions, which WDIV originally declined to broadcast, before adding the serial to its schedule in the fall of 2002. Breakthrough In September 2007, WADL began to cement its standing as a major player among the Detroit market's television stations with the acquisition of popular syndicated shows, including older series such as The Nanny, Mad About You, The Jeffersons and Good Times; the station also kept many religious programs and a few infomercials as well, and eliminated the remaining animated shows. Over the years, WADL began positioning itself as being a voice of Detroit's urban community, with local programs including a weekly feature with the Mayor of Detroit and former player for the Detroit Pistons, Dave Bing. In the fall of 2007, WADL was relaunched as "Detroit's Urban Station" to appeal to the African-American community (much as the old WGPR-TV did) and acquired syndicated programs such as The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, American Chopper, Reno 911!, The Montel Williams Show, In the Heat of the Night, Chappelle's Show, A Different World, Magnum, P.I. and Sanford and Son. In 2009, the station added classic television series such as The Brady Bunch, I Love Lucy, Happy Days, M*A*S*H, The Jeffersons and Laverne and Shirley to its schedule. By this time, WADL began running a mix of both recent and older syndicated programs. WADL also increased its local public affairs programming with shows such as Real Talk (hosted by political activist Rev. Horace Sheffield). WADL has further cemented its presence in the community, broadcasting political debates with all candidates and inviting the community to attend. On June 18, 2014, WADL named broadcasting veteran David Bangura as its new president; Bangura had formerly held a similar position at WMYD, which was later sold to the E. W. Scripps Company, owner of WXYZ-TV. On July 9, 2021, it was announced that WADL would become the new MyNetworkTV affiliate for the Detroit market beginning September 20, replacing WMYD. Pending sale to Mission Broadcasting; short-lived CW affiliation On May 17, 2023, Adell Broadcasting announced it would sell WADL to Mission Broadcasting in a deal valued at $75 million. As is typical with Mission Broadcasting stations, Nexstar Media Group will both finance the deal and completely operate WADL if the deal closes. The deal currently faces a number of objections by various public interest groups, who argue that allowing Mission to acquire WADL will allow Nexstar to demand higher fees for the channel and permit Nexstar to operate stations above the federal ownership cap. On August 23, 2023, WADL announced on its website that the station was joining The CW on a primary basis, with MyNetworkTV programming airing afterwards from 10 p.m. to midnight, effective September 1. On October 30, 2023, the station posted a press release noting it dropped The CW over a dispute with Nexstar, claiming the sale would not be approved in the near future, with MyNetworkTV programming moving back two hours to its previous prime time berth. The Detroit News reported the conflict was over Nexstar asking for a transitional affiliation agreement being signed by Adell before the station came under Mission ownership. Programming On June 24, 2013, WADL televised Game 6 of the Stanley Cup Finals to allow Detroit's NBC station, WDIV-TV, to televise the local annual Target Fireworks show. Through 2014, NBC established a relationship with WADL that provided airing programming that local TV station WDIV could not carry. This was an opportunity for WADL to air first-run NBC programming such as Grimm, the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, Growing Up Fisher, Kathie Lee and Hoda, The Michael J. Fox Show and Revolution. Beginning in August 2015, WADL was sub-contracted by Fox Television Stations to carry Fox prime time programming preempted by WJBK during their coverage of Detroit Lions preseason football; in August 2016, by coincidence, the Lions displaced a Major League Baseball game scheduled at the last minute by Fox between the New York Yankees and Tampa Bay Rays, as it was the last game Alex Rodriguez would play in. Newscasts In 1992, WADL began airing a same-night rebroadcast of WJBK's 6 p.m. newscast, typically airing in prime time at 8 p.m.; this continued until that station switched from CBS to Fox in December 1994. On January 5, 2012, WADL announced that it would debut half-hour newscasts at noon and 9 p.m. on weekdays, which were produced by the Journal Register Company (owners of The Macomb Daily, Oakland Press and Southgate News-Herald), in association with the Independent News Network. The station canceled the noon and 9 p.m. newscasts after only four months on May 23, 2012, filling the time slots with syndicated programming. In June 2012, WADL began producing daily five-minute local news updates airing four times each day during the evening hours, with an hour-long national news program supplied by Newsmax TV, at 9 p.m. on weekdays. On January 17, 2020, WADL announced that WJR fill-in host and former WDIV-TV reporter Kevin Dietz had joined the station to host a 10 p.m. news program, News Now with Kevin Dietz, to premiere on January 21. Owner Kevin Adell stated that the program would feature longer, in-depth segments focused on local and state politics, and would not directly compete with the newscasts on WJBK, WXYZ-TV, WKBD-TV, and WDIV; Dietz said that News Now would feature two-to-three stories per night and incorporate live interviews and talk radio-style call-ins, including appearances by local print journalists. The launch of News Now coincided with the debut of a nightly newscast on WKBD-TV the following night, along with the 2020 presidential election; Adell noted that there were "a lot of political dollars", some of which he intended to collect with the new program. Technical information Subchannels The station's digital signal is multiplexed: When WADL initially started digital broadcasting, Universal Sports was carried on 38.2, and The Word Network was carried on 38.3. Antenna TV was added to 38.2 in 2011, moving Universal Sports to 38.4, until it became pay TV-exclusive in 2012. Antenna TV was removed from WADL's lineup in September 2015. Analog-to-digital conversion WADL shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 38, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 39, using virtual channel 38. FCC spectrum auction and attempted WADL sale In 2012, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced it would hold a voluntary incentive auction for a portion of the radio frequency spectrum that is currently used by television broadcasters across the country. In 2014, WADL owner Kevin Adell announced he would participate in the auction, since it was estimated the station would net somewhere in the range of $170 million, much more than it would be worth on the open market otherwise. Since that time, the auction estimate had increased to somewhere between $360–$380 million. Adell would continue to own and operate The Word Network. WADL's broadcast facilities would have been re-purposed for The Word Network, along with the transfer of roughly 33 WADL staffers. WADL was ultimately not sold in the auction, which concluded in 2017. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the FCC allowed some stations in Phase 8 (ending March 13, 2020) of their 600-MHz spectrum auction to delay their move to Phase 9 (ending May 1, 2020) on an as-needed basis. As a result, WADL was granted permission to delay being relocated to Phase 9, and moved from UHF 39 to UHF 27 on March 23, 2020. Cable coverage in Canada WADL and its The Word Network digital subchannel are carried on GosfieldTel in Essex County, Ontario, as well as Cogeco systems in some rural areas of Southwestern Ontario, primarily in areas formerly served by other cable providers that were purchased by Cogeco around 2000. It is not carried on Cogeco systems in Windsor. See also Media in Detroit References External links WADL information at fccinfo.com WADL TV Lineup and Demographic Data Broadcasting & Cable article from October 2007 on WADL's revamp ADL (TV) MyNetworkTV affiliates Quest (American TV network) affiliates True Crime Network affiliates Television channels and stations established in 1989 1989 establishments in Michigan Companies based in Macomb County, Michigan

4047482

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Godefroy

Christian Godefroy

Christian H. Godefroy (25 October 1948 - 17 November 2012) was a French author of self-improvement books. Godefroy's books included Mind Dynamics, How to write a letter that sells, Time management System, Expressive learning system and Infopreneur. He also started a publishing company and founded CORESPRIT, an annual gathering of self-improvement motivators. References External links Online biography Positive-club 2012 deaths 1948 births French didactic writers French male non-fiction writers

4047486

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker%20of%20the%20Dewan%20Rakyat

Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat

The Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat () is the highest-ranking presiding officer of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament of Malaysia. They are responsible for convening sessions of the Dewan Rakyat, organising debates, and examining the admissibility of petitions, bills, and amendments. In the absence of the Speaker, one of their deputies will take their place. The current speaker is Johari Abdul. He was elected on 19 December 2022 for the 15th Malaysian Parliament. Functions The Speaker determines when a sitting of the House should open and close, and may suspend the sitting for a brief period of time if necessary. He is also in charge of ensuring the Constitution and Standing Orders of the House are given due respect; disciplining members of the House; determining who shall have the floor during a sitting; calling a vote; and checking for a quorum when the House meets. He only participates in a vote when there is a tie. The Speaker also has powers some allege to be excessive, such as imposing limits on the posing of supplementary questions during Question Time — an important procedure for the legislature to examine the government's actions — the power to restrict the tabling of questions for Question Time, and the power to amend written copies of speeches made by members of the House before they are given verbally. Speaker election The Speaker is elected to a term that lasts for the length of the term of the Dewan Rakyat that elected him. His term ends when the House is dissolved and a general election is called. He is elected when the House meets for the first time after a general election by the members of the House, who are called MPs. Any MP is qualified to be the Speaker of the House, but non-MPs who meet the same qualifications required to be an MP are also eligible for election as Speaker. A candidate for Speaker must be nominated and seconded by at least two MPs other than himself. This nomination process must be conducted at least 14 days before the election of the Speaker. If only one candidate meets these conditions, he is automatically elected Speaker; otherwise, voting by secret ballot is conducted, with the winner decided by a simple majority. Two deputy Speakers are elected in a similar manner. The Secretary (Malay:Setiausaha) of the House presides over the voting. List of speakers of the Dewan Rakyat Election results List of deputy speakers of the Dewan Rakyat The Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) shall be from time to time elect two deputy speakers from among members of the House. During any vacancy in the office of Speaker or during any absence of the Speaker from any sitting, one of the Deputy Speakers or, if both the Deputy Speakers are absent or if both their offices are vacant, such other member as may be determined by the rules of procedure of the House, shall act as Speaker. Election results See also Dewan Rakyat Parliament of Malaysia President of the Dewan Negara Notes and references Parliament of Malaysia

4047491

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoplobatrachus

Hoplobatrachus

Hoplobatrachus is a genus of frogs in the family Dicroglossidae. This genus is found in both Sub-Saharan Africa and southern and southeastern Asia. It is the sister taxon of Euphlyctis, although there is some evidence that it might be paraphyletic with respect to Euphlyctis. These frogs are sometimes known as the crowned bullfrogs or the tiger frogs. Species Hoplobatrachus has five described species: Hoplobatrachus crassus (Jerdon, 1854) Hoplobatrachus litoralis Hasan, Kuramoto, Islam, Alam, Khan, and Sumida, 2012 Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (Günther, 1858) Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Wiegmann, 1834) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin, 1802) References Dicroglossidae Amphibians of Sub-Saharan Africa Amphibians of Asia Amphibian genera Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters

4047493

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaciens%20Sans%20Fronti%C3%A8res

Pharmaciens Sans Frontières

Pharmaciens Sans Frontières Comité International (PSFCI) is the largest humanitarian association in the world specialized in the pharmaceutical sector. Founded in 1985 to retrieve unused drugs from chemists for use in developing countries, PSFCI extended its objectives to help developing countries set up a locally adapted health care system. Like Médecins Sans Frontières, PSFCI was founded and based in France, but has since evolved to an international organization, with support from national associations in a number of countries, including Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Tunisia. PCFCI has organized missions in countries in Africa, the Balkans, Central Asia, the Far East, and Latin America. The missions of PSFCI are typically either emergency missions to countries affected by natural, human, or economic disasters; development missions to improve healthcare in impoverished countries; and technical assistance missions. PSFCI has received donations from the industry and members for its internal organization but claims that it relies heavily on government donations to finance international missions. In October 2009, the French nonprofit organization Pharmaciens Sans Frontières – International Committee (PSF-CI), involved in reorganization proceedings since July 2009, wound-up by decision of the court. The French NGO Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development, one of the main charities in France, offered to take up some of the projects implemented by PSF-CI in order to continue their action in the field. Several other national and independent associations of the PSF network, like Switzerland, Denmark, Canada and Germany, are still active. Award Pharmaciens Sans Frontières was awarded the "practitioner of the year award" for their performance during 1999 by the FIP Foundation for Education and Research. Pharmacists without borders Germany The Association Pharmacists without borders Germany was founded in June 2000 and is based in Munich, Germany. It is an accredited non-profit and charitable organisation. More than 1,400 members in Germany and worldwide engage in various areas of our work. Most of them are pharmacists and pharmaceutical-technical assistants who work in public pharmacies, hospitals and the pharmaceutical industry. Objectives Improvement in health care – The aim of their work is to improve the health care provision in their project countries. Key practice areas are: Humanitarian aid and development cooperation The Pharmacists without borders Germany provides high-quality pharmaceutical services for both emergency aid and development cooperation. They always consider the specific regional requirements and cooperate closely with local and international partners. Pharmaceutical products They offer support with medicine of proven quality according to the guidelines of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Training courses (basic and advanced education) In their project countries the Pharmacists without borders Germany promote the training of pharmaceutical staff. In addition, they organise training courses, for example in hygiene or the organisation of a drug storage. In Germany they periodically offer training courses for interested members during which they are introduced to the basics of humanitarian work for pharmacists. In addition they conduct pharmaceutical trainings for partner organisations. Education and advice The Pharmacists without borders Germany are advocate against counterfeit medicines (e.g. in the project IMPACT of the WHO) and inform people about a good drug-donation practice. Long term projects In addition to various emergency operations in Sri Lanka, Haiti, Myanmar, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Kenya, Bangladesh and the Philippines Pharmacists without borders Germany works on long-term projects in the following countries: Argentina The aid of the Pharmacists without borders Germany in Argentina is versatile: In various locations and projects, this organisation provides the supply of medicinal products, the construction of well-functioning pharmacies in health centres, dental hygiene projects for children as well as training courses in the healthcare sector. Their tasks include the supply of the health centre with essential pharmaceuticals, especially for people with chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertonia and asthma. The organisation also provides reagents and test strips. Haiti Since 2008 the Pharmacists without borders Germany has been involved in several aid projects in Haiti. The focus of their efforts is to create an access to health care and essential drugs for the people who need it the most. After the emergency operations in 2008 (hurricane), 2010 (earthquake) and 2010-2011 (Cholera intervention) the Pharmacists without borders Germany are focussed on the expansion of a health centre in Léogâne, a city southwest of the capital Port-au-Prince. Mexico The Pharmacists without borders Germany are committed to the health care of the indigenous populations of Mexico and provide a training program for health assistants, the so-called `Promotores de Salud`, and with purchasing medicinal products. One of their cooperation partners is Justicia y Amor, a private foundation based in Mexico City. They attend to numerous communities located in the mountains of Guerrero as well as in the states of Oaxaca, Puebla, Tabasco and Veracruz. The remote location of many indigenous communities brings a multitude of obstacles for supplying health care: Transport paths and streets are often in such a bad condition that some places can only be reached by foot. Kenya Since 2011 Pharmacists without borders Germany support the AMREF Outreach Service and complement the nationwide supply of medical services with pharmaceuticals and personal assistance. On top of that they provide training and support to Kenyan health care workers. The Pharmacists without borders Germany were thus reacting to the unfolding famine at the Horn of Africa. In cooperation with Landsaid e.V. they sent out pharmacists to an operation in Kenya. Nepal At the beginning of 2009 the Pharmacists without borders Germany started their project work in Nepal. In five villages the Primary Health Centres or Sub Health Posts are supported with drugs, dressing materials, disinfectants and other supplies which are ordered through a wholesale company in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. The Pharmacists without borders Germany work together with their local partner organisation Social Welfare Association of Nepal (SWAN) and with the District Hospital in Baglung. Several times a year German pharmacists are engaged in the improvement of the stock, the storage and the hygienic conditions in the project area. : During this time health workers are trained and further measures are discussed with representatives of SWAN. Tanzania In Tanzania the Pharmacists without borders Germany support the supply of the pharmaceuticals of a ward in Hanga, a city with a catchment area over 20.000 people. The WHO estimates that every second or third drug is counterfeit. Through their support it is possible to order the pharmaceuticals in the capital Dar es Salaam at the branch of the German Drug-Donation Organisation action medeor. This ensures that those people get treated with safe pharmaceuticals. Moldova Already since 2003 the Pharmacists without borders Germany are involved in various projects in Moldau, the poorest country in Europe. The main effort of their work here is the health care of newborns and toddlers. Five maternity wards in the country as well as in Chisinau, the capital, receive vitamin K through the Pharmacists without borders Germany, which until this day is still unavailable in the country. Furthermore, they could specifically improve the medical equipment. They also supply a school for pharmaceutical technical assistants in the capital with teaching material, medical equipment and reagents. The Pharmacists without borders Germany cooperate with both the Moldovan organisation Ajutor Copiilor and the French organisation Pédiatres du Monde. References External links Homepage Homepage Pharmacists without borders Germany International organizations based in France Pharmacy organizations in France Organizations established in 1985 1985 establishments in France

4047513

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Bathurst

Electoral district of Bathurst

Bathurst is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Paul Toole of the Nationals. Bathurst is a regional electorate that encompasses the entirety of the local government areas of Bathurst Region, the City of Lithgow, Blayney Shire, Oberon Shire plus the southern part of Mid-Western Regional Council (including Rylstone, Kandos and Ilford). History Bathurst was created in 1859, partly replacing Western Boroughs. Between 1920 and 1927, it absorbed parts of Hartley and Orange and elected three members under proportional representation. In 1927 Bathurst, Hartley and Orange were recreated as single-member electorates. It was held by the Labor party for 20 years until the Coalition's landslide win in 2011, where the Nationals candidate Paul Toole recorded a swing of 36.7%, the largest in state history. Of particular note was the suburb of Eglinton, where labor support plummeted from 854 of 1,690 (50.5%) to 180 of 1,690 (10.7%) first preference votes; a precipitous decline of 79%. This trend was somewhat reversed in 2015, with Toole being re-elected by a margin of around 15,000 votes, a majority of almost two-thirds of the vote, but still down from the approximate 20,000 margin from 2011. Members for Bathurst Election results References Electoral districts of New South Wales Bathurst, New South Wales 1859 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1859

4047521

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westlake%2C%20Queensland

Westlake, Queensland

Westlake is a south-western suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the , Westlake had a population of 4,368 people. Geography Westlake adjoins the suburbs of Riverhills, Middle Park and Mount Ommaney. History Westlake was developed as part of the Hooker Centenary Project which commenced in 1959. It and the surrounding suburbs such as Jindalee are known as the Centenary Suburbs. It was officially named by the Queensland Place Names Board on 8 January 1973 with its boundaries determined on 11 August 1975. The suburb takes its name from the lake () constructed by the development project. The western part of the original land holdings that became the Centenary Suburbs were part of the Wolston Estate, consisting of 54 farms on an area of 3000 acres, offered for auction at Centennial Hall, Brisbane, on 16 October 1901. Wolston Estate is the property of M. B. Goggs, whose father obtained the land forty years previously in the 1860s and after whom Goggs Road is named. Only three of the farms sold at the original auction. In 1879, the local government area of Yeerongpilly Division was created. In 1891, parts of Yeerongpilly Division were excised to create Sherwood Division becoming a Shire in 1903 which contained the areas of Wolston Estate. In 1925, the Shire of Sherwood was amalgamated into the City of Brisbane. Westlake has much riverside properties and in the early 1990s expanded to include the development Westlake Waters with the 'natural lakes'. As residential expansion occurred, the 1990s also saw the rise of community efforts to preserve riverfront bushland and encourage environmental protection of remnant natural areas. Groups which formed to forge this greater interest in environmental protection include Save Our Riverfront Bushland (1991), Westlake-Riverhills Bushcare Group (1993) and Centenary & District Environment Action Inc (1996). Demographics In the , the population of Westlake was 4,380, 49.6% female and 50.4% male. The median age of the Westlake population was 41 years, 4 years above the Australian median. 62.8% of people living in Westlake were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 69.8%; the next most common countries of birth were England 5.6%, New Zealand 3.5%, South Africa 2.8%, Vietnam 2.4%, Sri Lanka 1.6%. 75.4% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were 3.9% Vietnamese, 3.3% Cantonese, 2.6% Mandarin, 1.8% Tamil, 1.2% Hindi. In the , Westlake had a population of 4,368 people. Education There are no schools in Westlake. The nearest primary schools are Middle Park State School in neighbouring Middle Park to the south and Jamboree Heights State School in Jamboree Heights to the east. The nearest secondary school is Centenary State High School in Jindalee to the north-east. References External links Centenary Suburbs Historical Society Inc. Suburbs of the City of Brisbane

4047525

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachlan%20Dreher

Lachlan Dreher

Lachlan George Dreher (born 11 April 1967 in Melbourne, Victoria) is a former field hockey goalkeeper from Australia, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1992. References Profile on Hockey Australia External links 1967 births Australian male field hockey players Male field hockey goalkeepers Olympic field hockey players for Australia Field hockey players at the 1992 Summer Olympics Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics 1998 Men's Hockey World Cup players 2002 Men's Hockey World Cup players Field hockey players from Melbourne Living people Olympic silver medalists for Australia Olympic bronze medalists for Australia Olympic medalists in field hockey Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics 20th-century Australian people Sportsmen from Victoria (state)

4047527

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirana

Indirana

Indirana is a genus of frogs in the family Ranixalidae. These frogs are endemic to the Western Ghats of India. They are sometimes known under the common name Indian frogs, whereas members of their parent family are named "leaping frogs". Indirana represent an ancient radiation of frogs that diverged from all other frogs almost 50 million years ago. This has credited Indirana gundia as a status of one of the "Top 100 Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered Amphibians". Description Indirana species are small and slender-bodied frogs. They are typically found in leaf litter or near streams. The tadpoles have hind limbs and finless tails, and are able to leap away to escape threats. Taxonomy Traditional classifications place the genus within the subfamily Ranixalinae of the family Ranidae, along with the genera Nannophrys and Nyctibatrachus. The Ranixalinae have also been placed under the family Nyctibatrachidae. Darrel R. Frost et al. (2006) placed them within the family Petropedetidae. Species New species are still being discovered: Indirana salelkari was discovered in the Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian state of Goa and described in late July 2015. The following species are recognised in the genus Indirana: Indirana beddomii (Günther, 1876) Indirana bhadrai Garg and Biju, 2016 Indirana brachytarsus (Günther, 1876) Indirana chiravasi Padhye, Modak, and Dahanukar, 2014 Indirana duboisi Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016 Indirana gundia (Dubois, 1986) Indirana leithii (Boulenger, 1888) Indirana longicrus (Rao, 1937) Indirana paramakri Garg and Biju, 2016 Indirana salelkari Modak, Dahanukar, and Padhye, 2015 Indirana sarojamma Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016 Indirana semipalmata (Boulenger, 1882) Indirana tysoni Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016 Indirana yadera Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016 References External links Amphibians of India Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats Amphibian genera Taxa named by Raymond Laurent

4047535

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falconry%20training%20and%20technique

Falconry training and technique

Training raptors (birds of prey) is a complex undertaking. Books containing advice by experienced falconers are still rudimentary at best. Many important details vary between individual raptors, species of raptors and between places and times. The keeping and training of any raptor is strictly and tightly regulated by U.S. state and federal laws. Anyone in the USA who is interested in flying raptors must seek out a state and federally licensed falconer to sponsor them through an apprenticeship period lasting two years at a minimum, and often considerably longer. Equipment The bird wears: A hood, which is used in the manning process (acclimatising to humans and the human world) and to keep the raptor in a calm state, both in the early part of its training and throughout its falconry career. Out of all the falconer's aids the hood is the most important piece of equipment. There are various styles and types of hood for raptors within falconry. The hood is handmade, often from kip leather or suitable kangaroo leather. There are two standard types used in American/European falconry: the Anglo Indian hood (non-blocked) and the Dutch hood. The Anglo-Indian hood is made from one piece of leather. The Dutch hood is a three piece hood blocked on a special mould called a "hood block", which is designed to best represent the shape of the raptor's head, also allowing space for the eyes with an adequate neck width. It is essential that the hood fits the raptor in a comfortable way or the raptor will reject the hood outright, making training very difficult. A bell, or pair of bells, on its legs (attached via small leather strips called bewits), which can be heard from a fair distance. An identity band on the leg, in most countries. Strips of strong leather (nowadays often kangaroo) called jesses on both legs. Very often, a telemetry transmitter, so that it may be recovered if lost during free flight. Falcons (the long-wing family of raptors) are tethered perched on a block; large owls (during training only) and short-winged and broad-winged hawks are tethered to a bow perch or round perch, when not allowed to fly free in their mews, an Old English word for a raptor's chamber. (The term is "mews" whether singular or plural; the word "mews" came from French muer which means "to change" or "to molt", i.e. where the hawk was kept while it was molting.) Jesses There are three styles of jesses: traditional, which is a single strap specially knotted onto the bird; and Aylmeri, a two part restraint featuring an anklet that is grommeted on, and a removable jess strap. Some Aylmeri jess straps have dental rubber bands on them to make it more difficult for the bird to pull out the jess, but they are still removable if the bird gets caught up outdoors. The third type of jesses is a combination of the two, referred to as "false Aylmeri." These use an anklet as well, but a brass eyelet is slipped through, far enough away that the toes will not get caught in it. There are two straps attached to the anklet, flying jesses and mews jesses. Both can be removed. A good reference on these jesses is "Care And Management of Captive Raptors" by Lori Arent & Mark Martell, published by the University of Minnesota: this guide is very popular with zoos and wildlife centers, though it is not a traditional falconry book. The singular of "jesses" is correctly "jess", but one jess is often mistakenly called a "jessie", by wrong back-formation from "jesses" treated as "jessies", which would be pronounced the same. Nylon Aylmeri jesses have recently grown in popularity. Thinner, lighter, and stronger, they do not rot or need oiling to stay supple. The anklets are grommetted on, like their leather counterparts, but instead of a folded button keeping the straps from falling through the anklets, a knot is used. The end of the knot is melted with a cigarette lighter to keep it from fraying. In order to form the loops the swivel or clips will attach to, a nylon parachute cord is hollowed out, threaded up through itself using an awl, and knotted. The swivel is to prevent tangling and twisting of the leash or tether when the bird is active but not hunting. The swivel consists of two parts that twist freely, each with a metal hoop on the end. The swivel may be traditional, or modified. The modified swivel has much larger metal hoops than the traditional. While swivels have been made of cloth or other materials in the past, most modern falconers use metal swivels. See Falconer's knot for more information about tying off the bird to the glove? When using Aylmeri jesses, there are usually two sets of straps; the mews strap, for manning and tethering the bird, and flying straps. The flying straps are lighter and smaller for hunting; the mews straps are heavy and less likely to break with stress. Most importantly, hunting/flying jesses do not have the slit which can often get caught on a branch or bush, leaving the bird hanging too high up in the tree to be retrieved. Since using mews jesses in the field is dangerous to the bird, educated falconers no longer risk them. Instead, they are changed out before the bird is released to fly free, and the mews jesses returned into the grommets after the free-flight is over and the bird is safely in hand. Jesses and anklets need to be replaced periodically, and checked for fit if they are causing injury. Scale A weighing scale is used to weigh the bird and its food. The scale must be reliable. This is especially important when dealing with small birds, as they may be endangered by even small weight differences when at flying weight. The successful hunting weight of the bird may vary, usually increasing as the bird is flown and develops more muscle (which weighs more than fat), but there is a relatively narrow range which the falconer seeks. Below that weight, the bird will be unnecessarily (and perhaps even dangerously) low and weak. Even the jesses lying on the scale can change the reading, so the falconer has to be careful to lift them up while the bird is being weighed. Above that range of weight, the bird will be unresponsive in the field, lacking in motivation to hunt or return to the falconer in timely fashion. Gauntlets Gauntlets or gloves are used by the falconer to turn the arm into a suitable perching surface. Falconry gloves may only cover the fist and wrist, while gauntlets for larger species extend to the elbow. An eagle glove may cover the entire arm and a portion of the chest, or it may be a heavy sheath worn over a standard hawking glove. The glove will have to be replaced with wear. Creance A creance is a long light line which is tied to the swivel or jesses. This is used only when training the bird to fly between a perch and the fist, as an assurance that the bird will not be lost in these early stages. The end away from the bird is most often wound around the spindle like a kite string; the creance can be wound or unwound with a single hand. This provides a means of storing the creance, and also provides a drag weight if the bird decides to fly off. Housing A falconry bird is usually housed in a mew. Mews in the US have to be inspected for compliance with federal and state laws. These laws ensure that the facilities meet what is required to safely and humanely house a bird of prey. The mews (along with other perching equipment) are carefully designed to prevent bodily injury and especially feather damage. The laws and regulations generally prescribe characteristics that would allow a captive raptor some measure of security and health maintenance in the absence of an attentive experienced falconer. The mews may be used as a free-flight arrangement (especially during the summer molt or change of feathers) or it may provide a place for tethering the raptor during the night—during the day, when not actually hunting, the bird might be kept perched on a grassy lawn. Much depends on the species of raptor, the housing of the falconer, the weather, and the style of keeping, training and hunting. The less a bird is hunted, the more important the mews and domestic quarters. A falconer who likes to hunt with passage Cooper's hawks (an American Accipiter) just for one season then release them may be content to use a spare bedroom of his/her apartment, if permitted by the state wildlife agency. Another who desires an eyass female peregrine falcon for hunting ducks on ponds and later hopes that she will lay eggs for captive breeding (long relationship, special considerations), will probably want a large special outdoor building. In the UK the only law concerned requires the bird to be able to spread its wings in all directions, however in practice a much greater space is needed to avoid conditions such as bumblefoot and depression. This lack of laws in the UK is the source of much concern among raptor keepers. Diet There are different schools of thought when it comes to feeding falconry birds. Some falconers feed meat based on its nutritional value to control how hungry the bird is. If pure meat is fed, falconers must feed additional roughage, such as fur and feathers, as most raptors require them to digest properly. Roughage cleans out the crop, and is regurgitated in a football shaped pellet called a casting. Alternatively, falconers feed their birds whole food such as mouse or quail, reducing the need for supplements and additional roughage. All birds of prey eat a strictly carnivorous diet. In all cases, a bird's diet is carefully measured to control its weight. Weight determines how hungry the bird is and how lazy it will act. A bird that is overweight will be more likely to fly away or not hunt. A bird that is somewhat underweight will act aggressively, and a bird that is severely underweight will have health problems. Manning Manning is an essential part of falconry training that refers to the acclimation of a falconry bird to living and working with humans and things typically associated with humans, such as other pets, houses, or automobiles. The better manned a falconry bird is, the more calm and less likely it will be to engage in a fight or flight response around people. Wild-caught birds A wild bird in juvenile plumage is called a passager, meaning it is under a year old. When a wild bird is used in falconry, passage birds are preferred. Since many of these birds would otherwise die (estimates run from 30 to 70 percent) within their first year, the taking of juvenile hawks by falconers has no noticeable effect on raptor populations. Baited traps used for hawks are unlike typical hunting traps in that they are specifically designed to avoid harming the hawk. Birds that are in adult plumage are called haggards and are no longer commonly used in falconry. The reason for this is twofold: first, birds that have matured in the wild are considerably harder to train for return (when released for hunting haggards have a tendency to go off hunting on their own and are easily lost); second, the capture of an adult bird removes a breeding age bird from the local pool of viable adults. Taking a bird from the wild is illegal in the UK, as is releasing a captive bred bird. In America, trapping or attempting to trap any native species of raptor is a federal crime unless the person doing the trapping is licensed. A falconry permit allows a falconer to trap certain birds at certain times of the year. Imprinted versus non-imprinted captive-bred birds A falconry bird taken from the nest as a downy bird still unable to fly (a fledgling) is called an 'eyass' (by misdivision of French un niais from Latin nidiscus, from Latin nidus = "nest"). In addition to wild-taken eyass hawks, all captive bred hawks taken at this same stage are properly referred to as 'captive-bred eyass' hawks. Eyass hawks can be the best or the worst of the hawks - they will never learn to fear their trainer as the passager or the haggard bird would, and are therefore difficult to lose; but likewise from this very lack of fear they may never learn 'respect' for the falconer. This results in eyass hawks sometimes becoming 'food-aggressive', constantly screaming for food or attention or being unnecessarily 'footy' (to grab aggressively at the falconer). Vigilant care regimes must be followed to prevent these bad behaviours in the eyass hawk. Today experienced falconers know how to rear an imprint so that it has few or none of these undesirable behaviors, but it is time-consuming and requires unswerving dedication for a period of about three months. During that time, the eyass is not allowed to ever become truly hungry, and in nearly constant company and visual range of human beings, so that the arrival of food is not specifically associated with the arrival of humans. This bird is still very much imprinted on humans, but not food-imprinted, so the human is not considered something to be screamed at or attacked when hungry. In order to further assure that such correlations are not made, when it becomes ambulatory, some will take the bird to a separate room/area and allow it to "find" a plate of food, rather than having that food delivered to its face for it, as a parent bird would do. Finally, the young eyass is allowed to wander about at Tame Hack and enjoy more autonomy than would be possible with a chamber or parent-reared bird (owing to that the bird's affinity towards humans will keep it relatively close by, an affinity lacking in the chamber/parent reared eyass.) This provides the imprint eyass with an opportunity to learn to use its wings and develop musculature as well as the ability to fly in adverse conditions—advantages that the chamber-raised bird does not have. In the United States, the law requires that all hybrid raptors must be either imprinted or sterilized before they can be free-flown. Telemetry In order to track a raptor that has flown away, many falconers use radio telemetry. Typically a transmitter is temporarily attached to the leg at the jess or on a bewit. Sometimes a mount for it may be attached to one of the center tail feathers by very careful application of a small drop of Superglue. Recently, a lightweight harness made of Teflon tape has also been employed as a means of hanging the transmitter off the middle of the bird's back (out of the way of the bird's flight and footing, so as to minimize interference with the hunt.) The transmitter emits a radio beep, which the falconer can track with a portable receiver. By listening to how the signal gains or loses strength a practised person can gauge if the bird is sitting still, if it is flying, and what direction it is going in. Practice with telemetry is very important, as there is no time for learning when a falcon is flying away. Pitfalls Many people who have not trained under a truly qualified master falconer have the impression that falconry is easy, simply fun and is an excuse to live with wild animals. The hunting partnership between a falconer and his bird is not at all like keeping a pet or a wild animal collection. Most falconers only have one or two birds, as they each require much effort. Websites or blogs featuring uninformed individuals buying several newly fledged captive bred hawks and then turning them outside to "hunt" are as far from the sport of falconry as can be imagined. Weight is key, especially in small species. Some falconers do not recommend that beginners start with a kestrel, a tiny species of falcon. They are ready sparrow hunters, and as they are so small one must pay close attention to their weight and training to avoid hurting them. Similarly, some falconers agree that the use of Harris's hawks by beginners is best as the birds are so forgiving that the novice falconer can make constant mistakes in the bird's care and still hunt successfully. If the bird is a non-imprinted captive-bred, it is very important to establish in the bird's mind that the falconer will facilitate hunting, and thus food. The bird will be getting accustomed to its new 'furniture' (equipment) as well as its new owner. Since the success of the Harry Potter series, some novices are desperate to keep (or hunt with) an owl. Seldom does this lead to success. Many states in the U.S. provide for keeping a great horned owl for hunting, but it is a difficult venture. Owls can be extremely difficult to hunt with, as they find prey more by hearing than their diurnal (daytime) counterparts. Even the great horned owls and eagle owls, which can see well enough during the day, will still prefer hunting at night. There is also greater risk to the owl when it is out during the daytime. All of the diurnal raptors see owls as mortal enemies in competition with them for food and territory. Accordingly, wild birds of prey will attack an owl mercilessly if given the opportunity, even killing it if they're able to do so. Laws also carefully regulate falconry in many areas. Throughout the United States, for example, the falconer will be required to pass a written exam, build facilities, have them inspected, serve a two-year apprenticeship, and keep diligent records on his or her birds. In order to catch a wild bird, the falconer may need additional licensing and permission. Contacting a local falconry club or association is usually the first step to learning. Notes With the exception of Alaska, where goshawks are allowed (because they are plentiful in that far northern state), state laws often restrict apprentices to red-tailed hawks and kestrels. These restrictions may not apply to the keeping of raptors for purposes other than hunting (such as wildlife rehabilitation), but such activities are not considered falconry. See also Hack (falconry) References Suggested reading and sources Beatriz E. Candil, Arjen E.Hartman, Ars Accipitraria: An Essential Dictionary for the Practice of Falconry and hawking"; Yarak Publishing, London, 2007, "North American Falconry And Hunting Hawks" by Hal Webster and Frank Beebe Care And Management Of Captive Raptors, Arent & Martell, University of Minnesota's Raptor Center Understanding the Bird of Prey, Nick Fox, Hancock House () Falconry and Hawking, Phillip Glasier, Bastford, () External links North American Falconers' Exchange-Falconry Forum IAF - International Association for Falconry and Conservation of Birds of Prey, founded in 1968, is currently representing 75 falconry clubs and conservation organisations from 50 countries worldwide totalling over 30,000 members.

4047537

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betzdorf

Betzdorf

Betzdorf may refer to: Betzdorf, Luxembourg, a village and municipality in Luxembourg Betzdorf, Germany, a town and municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate Betzdorf (Verbandsgemeinde), a former collective municipality whose seat was Betzdorf, Germany , a number of ships with this name

4047540

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Bega

Electoral district of Bega

Bega is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Michael Holland of the Labor Party. Bega is a regional electorate in the southeastern corner of the state. It encompasses the entirety of Bega Valley Shire and Eurobodalla Shire. Its population centres include Bega, Tathra, Merimbula, Eden, Bemboka, Eurobodalla Shire, Moruya, Batemans Bay and Narooma. History In 1894, single-member electorates were introduced statewide and the two-member electorate of Eden was split into Bega and Eden–Bombala. In 1904 Eden-Bombala was abolished as a result of the 1903 New South Wales referendum which reduced the number of members of the Legislative Assembly from 125 to 90 and part of the district was absorbed by Bega. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Goulburn, along with Monaro. It was recreated in 1988. Bega has historically tended to be a safe conservative seat, although demographic change has led to the seat becoming increasingly marginal for the Liberal Party for much of the early part of the 21st century. The Liberal margin blew out in their 2011 landslide, along with many other Liberal-held country seats. Despite the Liberals suffering a 10-point swing against them in 2015, they retained it and did so again in 2019. Following the decision of the incumbent member Andrew Constance to resign in order to run in Gilmore at the 2022 Federal Election, a by-election was held in 2022 which saw Labor's Michael Holland win the seat with a substantial 14-point swing. This was the first time Labor had won Bega. Holland consolidated his hold on the seat at the 2023 state election, turning Bega into a safe Labor seat in one stroke. Members for Bega Election results References Electoral districts of New South Wales 1894 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1894 1920 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1920 1988 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1988

4047552

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Blue%20Mountains

Electoral district of Blue Mountains

Blue Mountains is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Trish Doyle of the Labor Party. The 2004 redistribution of electoral districts estimated that the electoral district would have 45,289 electors on 29 April 2007. Since the 2007 election it has encompassed all of the City of Blue Mountains, except Glenbrook and Lapstone. Members for Blue Mountains Election results See also List of Blue Mountains articles References Blue Mountains (New South Wales) Electoral districts of New South Wales 1968 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1968

4047554

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Burrinjuck

Electoral district of Burrinjuck

Burrinjuck was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1950 to 2015. The 2004 redistribution of electoral districts estimated that the electoral district would have 47,688 electors on 29 April 2007. At the 2007 election it encompassed almost all of Yass Valley Shire (including Yass, but excluding Sutton), all of the Upper Lachlan (including Crookwell and Gunning), Boorowa Council, Cowra Shire, a small part of Blayney Shire (including Mandurama and Lyndhurst), Weddin Shire (including Grenfell), a small part of Bland Shire, Young Shire, Harden Shire (including the twin towns of Harden and Murrumburrah), Cootamundra Shire, Gundagai Shire and part of Junee Shire (including Bethungra and Illabo). At the 2015 election it was replaced by the re-established electoral district of Cootamundra and the relocated electoral district of Goulburn. Members for Burrinjuck Election results References Former electoral districts of New South Wales Constituencies established in 1950 Constituencies disestablished in 2015 1950 establishments in Australia 2015 disestablishments in Australia

4047555

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Camden

Electoral district of Camden

Camden is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales in Sydney's south-west. It is currently represented by Sally Quinnell of the party, who achieved a 13% swing in the 2023 election. It currently includes the suburbs of Austral, Badgerys Creek, Bickley Vale, Bringelly, Camden, Camden Park, Camden South, Catherine Field, Cawdor, Cobbitty, Currans Hill, Elderslie, Ellis Lane, Gledswood Hills, Grasmere, Greendale, Gregory Hills, Harrington Park, Kirkham, Leppington, Luddenham, Mount Annan, Narellan, Narellan Vale, Oran Park, Rossmore, Smeaton Grange, Spring Farm, Wallacia and West Hoxton. History Camden was originally created in 1859, replacing part of West Camden and named after the town of Camden or Camden County, which includes Camden, the Southern Highlands and the Illawarra. It elected two members from 1859 to 1889 and three members from 1889 to 1894, when multi-member electorates were abolished. It was abolished in 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation and absorbed into Cumberland. It was recreated in 1981. In recent decades it has been a marginal seat, falling to both the and parties on separate occasions. Except in 1984-91 and 1995-2003, Camden in its second incarnation, has been held by the government party. Camden was evident as a bellwether seat at the 1991 election when the ALP lost the seat to the Liberal Party despite the former party making huge gains at that election which was close but not enough for them to win the election. If the ALP had retained Camden in 1991, the party would have been in a strong position to form a minority government when it then won The Entrance by-election in 1992. Members for Camden Election results References Camden 1859 establishments in Australia Camden 1920 disestablishments in Australia Camden 1981 establishments in Australia Camden

4047558

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Campbelltown

Electoral district of Campbelltown

Campbelltown is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Australian state of New South Wales in Sydney's South-west. It includes the suburbs of Airds, Ambarvale, Blair Athol, Blairmount, Bradbury, Campbelltown, Claymore, Eagle Vale, Englorie Park, Gilead, Glen Alpine, Kentlyn, Leumeah, Menangle Park, Rosemeadow, Ruse, St Helens Park, Wedderburn and Woodbine. It is represented by Greg Warren of the Labor Party. Members for Campbelltown Election results References External links Campbelltown

4047560

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Canterbury

Electoral district of Canterbury

Canterbury is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, currently represented by Sophie Cotsis of the Labor Party. Canterbury includes the suburbs of Belmore, Campsie, Canterbury, Clemton Park, Earlwood, Lakemba, Undercliffe, and parts of Beverly Hills, Kingsgrove, Roselands, and Wiley Park. History Canterbury was created in 1859, replacing part of Cumberland (South Riding), named after and including the then town, now Sydney suburb, of Canterbury. It was bordered on the east by Glebe and Newtown, and from 1880, Balmain and Redfern and stretched in the north to Drummoyne and Rhodes, south to Georges River and west to a line between Salt Pan Creek and Homebush Bay. It was a multi-member electorate, electing two members until 1882 and then four members until the abolition of multi-member electorates in 1894, when it was split into Canterbury, Ashfield, Burwood, Petersham and St George. It was abolished in 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation and absorbed into St George. It was recreated in 1927, and has been held by Labor for all but one term since. In recent decades it has become one of Labor's safest seats. Members for Canterbury Election results References Canterbury 1859 establishments in Australia Canterbury 1920 disestablishments in Australia Canterbury 1927 establishments in Australia Canterbury

4047561

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingerana

Ingerana

Ingerana is a genus of frogs in family Dicroglossidae. These frogs are distributed in southeastern Asia, from Nepal, northeastern India, and southwestern China to Indochina, Borneo, and the Philippines. They are sometimes known as the eastern frogs. Species With the placement of Ingerana baluensis being enigmatic, several species having been transferred to Limnonectes in 2013 (Ingerana alpina, Ingerana liui, Ingerana medogensis, Ingerana xizangensis), and one species being transferred to Minervarya in 2022 (Ingerana charlesdarwini) this genus is left the following species: Ingerana borealis (Annandale, 1912) Ingerana reticulata (Zhao & Li, 1984) Ingerana tenasserimensis (Sclater, 1892) References Dicroglossidae Amphibians of Asia Amphibian genera

4047564

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Cessnock

Electoral district of Cessnock

Cessnock is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales in the rural fringe of the Hunter. It is represented by Clayton Barr of the Labor Party. It includes all of City of Cessnock (including Cessnock and Kurri Kurri), part of Singleton Council (including Broke and Belford) and a small part of the City of Lake Macquarie (including Barnsley and West Wallsend). History Cessnock was created in 1913, but was abolished in 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation and absorbed into Maitland. It was recreated in 1927 and included much of the Central Coast until the creation of Gosford in 1950. It has historically been a safe seat. At the 2007 election, it encompassed all of City of Cessnock, a small part of the City of Newcastle (including Beresfield and Tarro), a small part of the City of Lake Macquarie (including Barnsley and West Wallsend) and a small part of Singleton Council (including Belford). At the 2013 redistribution it gained Broke, Milbrodale and Wollombi from Upper Hunter and lost Beresfield and Tarro to Wallsend. Members for Cessnock Election results References Cessnock Singleton Council Politics of Newcastle, New South Wales City of Cessnock City of Lake Macquarie Constituencies established in 1913 Constituencies disestablished in 1920 1913 establishments in Australia 1920 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1927 1927 establishments in Australia

4047566

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Charlestown

Electoral district of Charlestown

Charlestown is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It has been represented by Jodie Harrison of the Labor Party since the Charlestown by-election on 25 October 2014. It is located within Greater Newcastle and includes part of the City of Lake Macquarie (including Charlestown, Kahibah, Whitebridge, Dudley, Gateshead, Mount Hutton, Windale, Kotara South, Cardiff, Hillsborough, Warners Bay, Eleebana and Tingira Heights) and a small part of the City of Newcastle (including Adamstown and Kotara). History The seat was created in 1971, replacing parts of the abolished districts of Hamilton and Kahibah. It was held continuously by Labor until the 2011 election, when it was won by Andrew Cornwell of the Liberal Party. Cornwell became an independent and moved to the crossbench on 6 August 2014 after accusations at ICAC. He resigned from parliament on 12 August 2014 after evidence of corruption was uncovered. Jodie Harrison won the subsequent by-election. Members for Charlestown Election results References Charlestown 1971 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1971 Politics of Newcastle, New South Wales City of Lake Macquarie

4047568

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Clarence

Electoral district of Clarence

Clarence is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It includes all of the Clarence Valley Council including Grafton, Maclean, Yamba, Illuka, Junction Hill, Ulmarra, Coutts Crossing and Glenreagh, as well as all of the Richmond Valley Council including Casino, Coraki, Woodburn, Evans Head and Tatham. History Clarence was created in 1859, replacing the New South Wales part of Clarence and Darling Downs. With the introduction of proportional representation in 1920, it was absorbed into Byron along with Lismore. It was recreated in 1927. It has historically been a safe seat, having been held by that party for all but seven years in its current incarnation. However, has won it at high-tide elections. Members for Clarence Election results References Clarence

4047570

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Coffs%20Harbour

Electoral district of Coffs Harbour

Coffs Harbour is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. Since 2019 it has been represented by Gurmesh Singh of the National Party. The district takes in the entirety of the City of Coffs Harbour and includes the localities of Coffs Harbour, Sawtell, Coramba, Korora Bay, Moonee Beach, Emerald Beach, Woolgoolga, Arrawarra, Corindi Beach and Red Rock. Members for Coffs Harbour Election results References Coffs Harbour Coffs Harbour Coffs Harbour Coffs Harbour

4047571

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Coogee

Electoral district of Coogee

Coogee is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales located south-east of Sydney CBD. It is represented by Marjorie O'Neill of the Australian Labor Party. Coogee includes the suburbs of Bondi, Bondi Junction, Bronte, Clovelly, Coogee, Queens Park, South Coogee, Tamarama and Waverley and parts of Kingsford, Maroubra, Randwick and the University of New South Wales. Members for Coogee Election results References Coogee Constituencies established in 1927 1927 establishments in Australia

4047574

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Cronulla

Electoral district of Cronulla

Cronulla is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Mark Speakman of the Liberal Party. Members for Cronulla Election results References External links Cronulla

4047576

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Davidson

Electoral district of Davidson

Davidson is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Matt Cross of the Liberal Party. Covering parts of Sydney's Northern Beaches North Shore regions, it spills across portions of the Northern Beaches Council and Ku-ring-gai Council LGAs. It includes all of the namesake suburb of Davidson, as well as North Turramurra, St Ives, St Ives Chase, Killara, East Killara, Lindfield, East Lindfield, Roseville and Roseville Chase. It also includes parts of Turramurra, Belrose, Frenchs Forest, and Pymble. Davidson includes portions of two of the most Liberal-supporting areas of Sydney, and has been in the hands of the Liberal Party for its entire existence. While frequently runs dead in northern Sydney, Davidson is especially hostile territory for Labor. The only times that Labor has even remotely threatened the Liberals' hold on the seat came during the two "Wranslides" in 1978 and 1981, which were the only times that the Liberals have failed to win at least 60 percent of the two-party-preferred vote. However, even on those occasions, the Liberals won enough primary votes to retain the seat outright. Since the 1990s, Labor has been lucky to get 30 percent of the two-party-preferred vote, and has even been pushed into third place on some occasions. Members for Davidson Election results References External links Davidson 1971 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1971 Northern Beaches

4047581

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Drummoyne

Electoral district of Drummoyne

Drummoyne is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is currently represented by Stephanie Di Pasqua since the 2023 New South Wales state election. Drummoyne includes the suburbs and localities of Abbotsford, Breakfast Point, Cabarita, Canada Bay, Chiswick, Cockatoo Island, Concord, Concord West, Drummoyne, Five Dock, Homebush (northern part), Liberty Grove, Mortlake, North Strathfield, Rhodes, Rodd Island, Spectacle Island, Rodd Point, Russell Lea and Wareemba. . History Drummoyne was created in 1913. With the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into the multi-member electorate of Ryde, but recreated in 1927. For much of the early 1900s, it was a marginal seat. Between the 1960s and 2000s, Drummoyne was a -leaning seat. Currently, the electoral district is represented by Independent John Sidoti, formerly of the Liberal Party. Notably, the electorate was the scene of future Liberal Prime Minister John Howard's first run for parliament, in 1968. Members for Drummoyne Election results References Drummoyne Drummoyne 1913 establishments in Australia Drummoyne 1920 disestablishments in Australia Drummoyne 1927 establishments in Australia

4047584

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20East%20Hills

Electoral district of East Hills

East Hills is a state electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is represented by member Kylie Wilkinson. In 2019, Wendy Lindsay succeeded Glenn Brookes after he stood down. East Hills includes the suburbs of Condell Park, East Hills, Milperra, Padstow, Padstow Heights, Panania, Picnic Point, Revesby, Revesby Heights and parts of Bankstown, Bass Hill, Georges Hall and Yagoona. Members for East Hills Election results References East Hills East Hills 1953 establishments in Australia

4047588

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Epping

Electoral district of Epping

Epping is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by former Premier Dominic Perrottet of the Liberal Party. It includes the suburbs of Beecroft, Cheltenham, Cherrybrook, North Epping and parts of Epping, Carlingford, Castle Hill, Dural, Eastwood, Pennant Hills and West Pennant Hills. The seat was created in 1999, largely replacing Eastwood. Like its predecessor, it is a comfortably safe Liberal seat until 2023 when Perrottet suffered a huge swing against him making it a marginal seat. Members for Epping Election results References Epping Epping 1999 establishments in Australia

4047590

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Duff

Jason Duff

Jason Paul Duff (born 27 October 1972 in Melbourne, Victoria) is a former field hockey defender from Australia, who was a member of the team that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Early life Duff attended St. Leo the Great primary school in Altona North and attended high school at St. Paul's College in Altona North, Victoria. He was born into a sporting family with father Ken Duff a former VFL Footscray Football Club player and brother Darren Duff also an Australian field hockey representative. His eldest brother Craig was an accomplished club cricketer with both the Altona and Footscray Cricket Clubs. He tried his hand at many sports settling into Hockey as his winter recreation and Cricket in the summer. He showed a keen interest in cricket from an early age playing in his first U12 cricket match as a 5-year-old with the Williamstown CYMS cricket club. He soon showed good ability as a cricketer after moving to the Altona Cricket Club and being selected in the club's U14 Hatch Shield team as a 10-year-old. He progressed quickly through the senior ranks at Altona in the Sub District Cricket competition and was soon opening the batting in the first XI alongside his brother Craig Duff as a 15-year-old. Along with his brother Craig Duff, the brothers transferred to Footscray Cricket Club for the 1989/90 season with mixed success. Duff went on to captain the Victorian schools Western Zone U16 cricket team and was subsequently selected in the 1989/90 Victorian U17 State Cricket Team that competed in and won the Australian National Championship in Adelaide beating WA in the final, that would be the last season he played cricket preferring to take a chance on an international hockey career. Duff was introduced to hockey as a 10-year-old by his club cricket coach that was looking for players to fill some vacancies in the local Altona Hockey Club. His talent was not immediately apparent but he enjoyed the game, his potential as a hockey player was first identified as a 12-year-old when he was selected in the Victorian U13 state team that competed in the national championship in Brisbane. From that point on he was identified and featured regularly in Victorian State teams. Duff applied to the AIS hockey program at the end of the 1990 hockey season after winning the Altona Hockey Club senior Club Champion award. He was selected and departed Victoria in 1991 with his brother Darren Duff to take up a scholarship at the Perth-based institute. Career He made his debut in 1993 for the Australian Men's Hockey Team, "The Kookaburras" at the Champion's Trophy tournament in Kuala Lumpur where the team won Gold beating Germany in the final 4–1. In the same year Duff captained the Australian U21 team to a bronze medal at the Hockey Junior World Cup in Terrassa, Spain. Duff was a member of the Olympic Hockey Squad in 1996 but missed selection to the final 16. He became a more consistent member of the team after the Atlanta Olympics, playing in the team's 4th placed World Cup team in Utrecht, The Netherlands in 1998. He was also selected in the 1998 Kuala Lumpur Commonwealth Games team, hockey's inaugural appearance at the games and won Gold, beating hosts Malaysia 4–0 in the final. In a 1999 Perth club game with his team YMCC Duff tragically went down with a knee injury, tearing the ACL in his right knee. He was forced to work hard to secure selection in the Sydney 2000 Olympic team whilst he rehabilitated his reconstructed knee, he faced several setbacks in this phase tearing a quadriceps muscle at the 1999 Champion's Trophy in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. In the race to be fit Duff fast-tracked his rehabilitation and was ultimately selected in that team and won a bronze medal, after a heart breaking loss in penalties in the semi-final to the Dutch, who went on to win the gold medal. Duff was forced to retire at the end of the 2000 Olympic Games with complication's to his knee injury making it impossible to continue to play at the elite level. References Hockey Australia External links 1972 births Australian male field hockey players Male field hockey defenders Olympic field hockey players for Australia Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics 1998 Men's Hockey World Cup players Field hockey players from Melbourne Australian people of Irish descent Living people Olympic bronze medalists for Australia Olympic medalists in field hockey Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia Field hockey players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games People from Altona, Victoria Sportsmen from Victoria (state) Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games

4047593

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Fairfield

Electoral district of Fairfield

Fairfield is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Australian state of New South Wales in Sydney's West. Fairfield has historically been one of the safest seats in New South Wales and is considered a part of Labor's heartland in Western Sydney. It is currently represented by David Saliba of the Labor Party, who was elected at the 2023 New South Wales state election. Fairfield includes the suburbs of Carramar, Fairfield, Fairfield East, Fairfield Heights, Guildford West, Old Guildford, Wakeley, Woodpark, Yennora and parts of Canley Vale, Fairfield West, Guildford, Prairiewood, Smithfield and Villawood. Fairfield was created in 1953. Demographics Fairfield is similar to much of Western Sydney in the fact that a significant size of the population were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas. Approximately 50% of the population which is more than double the Australian average at 22.2% were born overseas of which most were born in either East Asian countries such as Vietnam and China or from Middle Eastern countries like Iraq and Lebanon. Despite this high level of foreign born residents, 83.4% had Australian citizenship which is only slightly lower than the national average of 86.1%. As for languages spoken at home English was the most common language spoken by 29.5%, followed by Vietnamese with 14.5%, Arabic at 11.7% and Assyrian at 6.7%. No other languages were spoken by more than 5% of the population. Catholicism was the most common religion followed by nearly one third of the population at 32.6%. This was followed by Buddhism at 16.7%, Islam at 8.3%, Anglicanism at 8.1% and followers of Eastern Orthodox Christianity at 6.6% of the total population. Median incomes for the population aged 15 years and over was in all 3 categories lower than the national average. Members for Fairfield Election results References Fairfield Fairfield 1953 establishments in Australia

4047596

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnonectes

Limnonectes

Limnonectes is a genus of fork-tongued frogs of about 75 known species, but new ones are still being described occasionally. They are collectively known as fanged frogs because they tend to have unusually large teeth, which are small or absent in other frogs. Habitat These frogs are found throughout East and Southeast Asia, most commonly near forest streams. Multiple species of Limnonectes may occupy the same area in harmony. Large-bodied species cluster around fast rivers, while smaller ones live among leaf-litter or on stream banks. The Indonesian island of Sulawesi is home to at least 15 species of this frog, only four of which have been formally described. Lifecycle Tadpoles of this genus have adapted to a variety of conditions. Most species (e.g. Blyth's river frog L. blythii or the fanged river frog L. macrodon) develop normally, with free-swimming tadpoles that eat food. The tadpoles of the corrugated frog (L. laticeps) are free-swimming but endotrophic, meaning they do not eat but live on stored yolk until metamorphosis into frogs. Before, L. limborgi was assumed to have direct development (eggs hatching as tiny, full-formed frogs), but more careful observations have showed it has free-swimming but endotrophic larvae; this probably applies to the closely related L. hascheanus, too. L. larvaepartus is the only known species of frog that gives live birth to tadpoles. Parental care is performed by males. Species Limnonectes acanthi (Taylor, 1923) – Busuanga wart frog Limnonectes arathooni (Smith, 1927) – Djikoro wart frog; (Endangered) Limnonectes asperatus Limnonectes bannaensis Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang, 2007 Limnonectes beloncioi Herr, Vallejos, Meneses, Abraham, Otterholt, Siler, Rico & Brown, 2021 – Mindoro fanged frog Limnonectes blythii – Blyth's river frog, giant Asian river frog Limnonectes cintalubang (Matsui, Nishikawa & Eto, 2014) Limnonectes coffeatus Phimmachak, Sivongxay, Seateun, Yodthong, Rujirawan, Neang, Aowphol, and Stuart, 2018 Limnonectes conspicillatus (Günther, 1872) Limnonectes dabanus Limnonectes dammermani – Dammerman's wart frog Limnonectes deinodon Dehling, 2014 Limnonectes diuatus – eastern Mindanao frog, Tagibo wart frog Limnonectes doriae – Burmese wart frog, Doria's frog, or red stream frog Limnonectes fastigatus Stuart, Schoen, Nelson, Maher, Neang, Rowley & McLeod, 2020 Limnonectes ferneri Limnonectes finchi – Finch's wart frog Limnonectes fragilis Limnonectes fujianensis Limnonectes grunniens Limnonectes gyldenstolpei Limnonectes hascheanus (sometimes separated in Taylorana) Limnonectes heinrichi Limnonectes hikidai Matsui & Nishikawa, 2014 Limnonectes ibanorum Limnonectes ingeri Limnonectes isanensis McLeod, Kelly, and Barley, 2012 Limnonectes jarujini Matsui et al., 2010 Limnonectes kadarsani Limnonectes kenepaiensis Limnonectes khammonensis Limnonectes khasianus Limnonectes kiziriani Pham, Le, Ngo, Ziegler, and Nguyen, 2018 Limnonectes kohchangae Limnonectes kong Dehling and Dehling, 2017 Limnonectes kuhlii – Kuhl's Creek frog, large-headed frog Limnonectes larvaepartus Limnonectes lauhachindai (Aowphol, Rujirawan, Taksintum, Chuaynkern & Stuart. 2015) Limnonectes leporinus – giant river frog Limnonectes leytensis – small disked frog, swamp frog Limnonectes limborgi Limnonectes liui (Yang, 1983) Limnonectes longchuanensis (Suwannapoom, Yuan, Sullivan & McLeod, 2016) Limnonectes macrocephalus – Luzon fanged frog Limnonectes macrodon (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) – fanged river frog, Javan giant frog, Malaya wart frog, stone creek frog Limnonectes macrognathus Limnonectes magnus (Stejneger, 1910) – giant Philippine frog, large swamp frog, Mindanao fanged frog Limnonectes malesianus – Malesian frog, peat swamp frog Limnonectes mawlyndipi Limnonectes megastomias McLeod, 2008 Limnonectes micrixalus Limnonectes microdiscus Limnonectes microtympanum Limnonectes mocquardi (Mocquard, 1890) Limnonectes modestus Limnonectes namiyei – Namiye's frog Limnonectes nguyenorum Limnonectes nitidus Limnonectes palavanensis Limnonectes paramacrodon Limnonectes parvus – Philippine small-disked frog Limnonectes plicatellus Limnonectes poilani Limnonectes quangninhensis Pham, Le, Nguyen, Ziegler, Wu, and Nguyen, 2017 Limnonectes rhacoda Limnonectes savan Phimmachak, Richards, Sivongxay, Seateun, Chuaynkern, Makchai, Som & Stuart, 2019 Limnonectes selatan Matsui, Belabut, and Ahmad, 2014 Limnonectes shompenorum Limnonectes sinuatodorsalis Matsui, 2015 Limnonectes sisikdagu McLeod, Horner, Husted, Barley, and Iskandar, 2011 Limnonectes taylori Matsui et al., 2010 Limnonectes timorensis (Smith, 1927) Limnonectes tweediei Limnonectes utara Matsui, Belabut, and Ahmad, 2014 Limnonectes visayanus – giant Visayan frog Limnonectes woodworthi – Woodworth's frog Phylogeny Pyron & Wiens (2011) The following phylogeny of Limnonectes is from Pyron & Wiens (2011). 35 species are included. Limnonectes is a sister group of Nanorana. Aowphol, et al. (2015) The following Limnonectes phylogeny is from Aowphol, et al. (2015). 20 species are included. McLeod, et al. (2015) Below is a phylogeny of species within the L. kuhlii species complex (McLeod, et al. 2015). Limnonectes longchuanensis, Limnonectes hikidai, and Limnonectes cintalubang are also part of the L. kuhlii species complex. References Dicroglossidae Amphibians of Asia Amphibian genera Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger

4047598

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20symphony%20orchestras%20in%20Europe

List of symphony orchestras in Europe

This is a non-exhaustive list of symphony orchestras in Europe. For orchestras from other continents, see List of symphony orchestras. Pan-European orchestras Chamber Orchestra of Europe European Medical Students' Orchestra and Choir European Union Youth Orchestra Spira Mirabilis Austria Ars Antiqua Austria Bruckner Orchestra Linz Gustav Mahler Youth Orchestra Mozarteum Orchestra of Salzburg Symphony Orchestra Vorarlberg Tonkünstler Orchestra Vienna Chamber Orchestra (Das Wiener Kammer Orchester) Vienna Mozart Orchestra (Wiener Mozart Orchester) Vienna Philharmonic (Wiener Philharmoniker) Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra Vienna Symphony (Wiener Symphoniker) Wiener Johann Strauss Orchester Wiener Jeunesse Orchester (national youth orchestra) Baltic States Kremerata Baltica Baltic Sea Philharmonic Belgium Antwerp Symphony Orchestra Brussels Philharmonic Brussels Philharmonic Orchestra National Orchestra of Belgium Orchestre Philharmonique de Liège Orchestre Royal de Chambre de Wallonie Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Philharmonic Orchestra Bulgaria Bulgarian National Radio Symphony Orchestra New Symphony Orchestra Plovdiv Philharmonic Orchestra Rousse Philharmonic Orchestra Sofia Symphonic Orchestra Croatia Dubrovnik Symphony Orchestra Zagreb Philharmonic Orchestra Czech Republic Barocco sempre giovane Bohemian Symphony Orchestra Prague Brno Philharmonic Orchestra Capellen Orchestra City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra Czech National Symphony Orchestra Czech Philharmonic Orchestra Czech Symphony Orchestra (1994) (ČSO) Film Symphony Orchestra (FISYO), also known as Czech Symphony Orchestra during Live-Concerts Janáček Philharmonic Orchestra Moravian Philharmonic Praga Sinfonietta Orchestra Prague Philharmonia (PKF) Prague Philharmonic Orchestra Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra (SOČR) Prague Symphony Orchestra (FOK/PSO) Suk Chamber Orchestra Teplice Symphony Orchestra Denmark Aalborg Symphony Orchestra Aarhus Symphony Orchestra Copenhagen Philharmonic Orchestra Danish National Chamber Orchestra Danish National Symphony Orchestra Danish Youth Ensemble (national youth orchestra) Odense Symphony Orchestra Royal Danish Orchestra (Det Kongelige Kapel) Estonia Estonian National Symphony Orchestra European Union European Union Baroque Orchestra European Union Youth Orchestra European Union Chamber Orchestra Finland Professional orchestras Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra ("HKO", Finnish: Helsingin kaupunginorkesteri, Swedish: Helsingfors stadsorkester), founded in 1882 Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra ("RSO" (eng. "FRSO"), Finnish: Radion sinfoniaorkesteri, Swedish: Radions symfoniorkester), founded in 1927 Tapiola Sinfonietta (Finnish: Tapiola Sinfonietta, Swedish: Tapiola Sinfonietta – Esbo stadsorkester), founded in 1987 Lahti Symphony Orchestra (Finnish: Sinfonia Lahti – Lahden kaupunginorkesteri, Swedish: Sinfonia Lahti – Lahtis stadsorkester) founded in 1910 Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra ("TFO", Finnish: Tampere Filharmonia – Tampereen kaupunginorkesteri, Swedish: Tampere Filharmonia – Tammerfors stadsorkester) founded in 1930 Turku Philharmonic Orchestra (Finnish: Turku Filharmonia – Turun kaupunginorkesteri, Swedish: Åbo Filharmoniska Orkester – Åbo stadsorkester), founded in 1790 Jyväskylä Sinfonia founded in 1955 Oulu Symphony Orchestra (Finnish: Oulu Sinfonia – Oulun kaupunginorkesteri, Swedish: Oulu Sinfonia – Uleåborgs stadsorkester) founded in 1937 Kymi Sinfonietta (Comprises Kouvola and Kotka City Orchestras) founded in 1999 Chamber orchestras Avanti! Chamber Orchestra (Finnish: Avanti! Kamariorkesteri, Swedish: Kammarorkester Avanti!), founded in 1983 Ostrobothnian Chamber Orchestra University and conservatorio orchestras Ylioppilaskunnan Soittajat ("YS", English: Helsinki University Symphony Orchestra, Swedish: Helsingfors Universitets studentorkester), founded in 1747 (1926) The Polytech Orchestra ("PO", Finnish: Polyteknikkojen orkesteri, Swedish: Polyteknikernas orkester), founded in 1922 France Concerts Colonne (Paris), founded in 1873 Concerts Lamoureux (Paris), founded in 1881 Concerts Pasdeloup (Paris), founded in 1861 Ensemble InterContemporain, founded in 1976 Ensemble La Fenice, founded in 1990 Ensemble Matheus, founded in 1991 Les Musiciens du Louvre (Grenoble), founded in 1982 Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire, founded in 1828, disbanded 1967 Orchestre de Paris, founded in 1967 Orchestre des Champs-Élysées (Poitiers), founded in 1991 Orchestre Français des Jeunes (national youth orchestra) Orchestre National Bordeaux Aquitaine, founded in 1974 Orchestre National d'Île-de-France, founded in 1974 Orchestre National de France, founded in 1934 Orchestre National de Lille, founded in 1976 Orchestre National de Lyon, founded in 1905 Orchestre National des Pays de la Loire, founded in 1971 Orchestre national du Capitole de Toulouse, founded c.1932 Orchestre des Pays de Savoie, founded in 1984 Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France, 1937 Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg, founded in 1855 Orchestre symphonique de Mulhouse, founded in 1975 Orchestre symphonique et lyrique de Nancy, founded in 1884 Opéra Orchestre national Montpellier, founded in 2001 Rouen Philharmonic Orchestra, founded in 1998 Germany National youth orchestras: Bundesjugendorchester Junge Deutsche Philharmonie A–M Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin Akademische Orchestervereinigung Badische Staatskapelle Bamberg Symphony Orchestra (Bamberger Symphoniker) Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks) Bavarian State Orchestra (Bayerisches Staatsorchester) Bayreuth Festival Orchestra Berlin Philharmonic (Berliner Philharmoniker) Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra (East Berlin) (Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin) Berliner Symphoniker Bochumer Symphoniker Detmold Chamber Orchestra Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen Deutsches Filmorchester Babelsberg Deutsche Radio Philharmonie Saarbrücken Kaiserslautern Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin Dortmunder Philharmoniker Dresden Philharmonic (Dresdner Philharmonie) Duisburg Philharmonic (Duisburger Philharmoniker) Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester (Frankfurt Opera) Fulda Symphonic Orchestra (Fuldaer Symphonisches Orchester) Freiburger Barockorchester Gürzenich-Orchester Köln Hamburger Symphoniker Hannoversche Hofkapelle Hofer Symphoniker hr-Sinfonieorchester Jenaer Philharmonie Klassische Philharmonie Bonn Konzerthausorchester Berlin (formerly Berlin Symphony Orchestra) Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (Gewandhausorchester Leipzig) Mahler Chamber Orchestra MDR Symphony Orchestra Mecklenburgische Staatskapelle Münchner Rundfunkorchester Munich Philharmonic (Münchner Philharmoniker) N–Z NDR Radiophilharmonie (Hannover) NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra (Hamburg Elbphilharmonie) Neue Philharmonie Frankfurt (Offenbach am Main) Niedersächsisches Staatsorchester Hannover Norddeutsche Philharmonie Rostock Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie Nuremberg Symphony (Nürnberger Symphoniker) Philharmonia Hungarica, founded by Hungarian exiles, disbanded 2001 Philharmonie Festiva Philharmonisches Staatsorchester Hamburg Philharmonisches Kammerorchester Berlin Philharmonisches Staatsorchester Mainz Reuss Chamber Orchestra Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra Staatskapelle Berlin Staatskapelle Dresden (Sächsische Staatskapelle Dresden) Staatskapelle Halle Staatskapelle Weimar Staatsorchester Braunschweig (State Orchestra Brunswik) Staatsorchester Stuttgart Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra SWR Symphonieorchester WDR Rundfunkorchester Köln WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne Württembergisches Kammerorchester Heilbronn Greece Greek Youth Symphony Orchestra (national youth orchestra) Philharmonic Society of Corfu (Orchestra) Hungary Budapest Festival Orchestra Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra Hungarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, also known earlier as Budapest Symphony Orchestra Hungarian National Philharmonic Philharmonia Hungarica, founded by Hungarian exiles, based in Germany; dissolved in 2001 Szeged Symphony Orchestra Iceland Iceland Symphony Orchestra (Sinfóníuhljómsveit Íslands) Ireland RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra RTÉ Concert Orchestra Irish Chamber Orchestra Hibernian Orchestra Camerata Ireland Dublin Philharmonic Orchestra Dublin Orchestral Players University College Dublin Symphony Orchestra National Youth Orchestra of Ireland (national youth orchestra) Italy Accademia Filarmonica Romana, Rome Camerata de' Bardi, academic orchestra, Pavia I Musici, Rome I Solisti Veneti, Padua Orchestra del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Florence Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Rome Orchestra di Piazza Vittorio Orchestra Filarmonica della Fenice, Venice Orchestra Giovanile Italiana (national youth orchestra) Orchestra i Pomeriggi Musicali, Milan Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi, Milan Orchestra Sinfonica Nazionale della RAI, Turin Orchestra Mozart, founded by Claudio Abbado in Bologna Orchestra Roma Sinfonietta, directed by Ennio Morricone Orchestra Sinfonica di Roma, Rome RCA Italiana Orchestra Rondò Veneziano, Venice Teatro San Carlo Orchestra, Naples Teatro Carlo Felice Orchestra, Genova Teatro dell'Opera di Roma Orchestra, Rome Teatro Petruzzelli Orchestra, Bari Teatro Comunale di Bologna Orchestra, Bologna Venice Baroque Orchestra Latvia Latvian National Symphony Orchestra Liepaja Symphony Orchestra Lithuania Klaipėda Chamber Orchestra Lithuanian National Symphony Orchestra Lithuanian State Symphony Orchestra Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra Luxembourg Luxembourg Philharmonic Orchestra Luxembourg Sinfonietta Malta Malta Philharmonic Orchestra Moldova Moldovan National Youth Orchestra (national youth orchestra) Monaco Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra Montenegro Montenegrin Symphony Orchestra The Netherlands National Youth Orchestra of the Netherlands (national youth orchestra) Holland Symfonia Metropole Orchestra Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra Netherlands Radio Philharmonic Netherlands Chamber Orchestra Netherlands Radio Symphony Orchestra Netherlands Symphony Orchestra North Netherlands Symphony Orchestra Orchestra of the Eighteenth Century Residentie Orchestra Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra Symfonisch Blaasorkest ATH Norway Ungdomssymfonikerne (national youth orchestra) Norwegian Arctic Philharmonic Orchestra Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra Kristiansand Symphony Orchestra Norwegian Chamber Orchestra Norwegian Radio Orchestra Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra Oslo Sinfonietta Stavanger Symphony Orchestra Trondheim Symphony Orchestra Poland Polish Sinfonia Iuventus Orchestra (national youth orchestra) Pomeranian Philharmonic (Bydgoszcz) Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra (Kraków) Łódź Philharmonic (Łódź) Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra (Katowice) Polish Radio Symphony Orchestra (Warsaw) Polish Baltic Philharmonic (Gdańsk) Poznań Philharmonic (Poznań) National Forum of Music Symphony Orchestra (Wrocław) Silesian Philharmonic (Katowice) Sinfonia Varsovia (Warsaw) Sudecka Philharmonic (Wałbrzych) Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra (Warsaw) Szczecin Philharmonic (Szczecin) Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz, youth orchestra at concentration camp (historic) Portugal Gulbenkian Orchestra Portuguese Chamber Orchestra Romania Banatul Philharmonic Orchestra (Timișoara) Bucharest Symphony Orchestra George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra (Bucharest) Moldova Philharmonic Orchestra (Iași) National Radio Orchestra (Bucharest) Oltenia Philharmonic Orchestra (Craiova) Paul Constantinescu Philharmonic Orchestra (Ploiești) Romanian Youth Orchestra (national youth orchestra) Sibiu Philharmonic Orchestra Transylvania State Philharmonic Orchestra (Cluj-Napoca) Russia Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra Moscow Chamber Orchestra Moscow City Symphony Orchestra Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra Moscow State Symphony Orchestra Moscow Symphony Orchestra Moscow Virtuosi Murmansk Philharmonic Orchestra National Philharmonic of Russia Novosibirsk Youth Symphony Orchestra Osipov State Russian Folk Orchestra Persimfans Russian National Orchestra Russian Philharmonic Orchestra Sochi Symphony Orchestra Saint Petersburg Academic Symphony Orchestra Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra State Academic Symphony Orchestra of the Russian Federation State Symphony Capella of Russia State Symphony Cinema Orchestra Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra Ural Philharmonic Orchestra Serbia Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra Niš Symphony Orchestra Slovakia Cappella Istropolitana Slovak Philharmonic Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra Slovak Youth Orchestra (national youth orchestra) Slovenia RTV Slovenia Symphony Orchestra Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra Spain Bilbao Orkestra Sinfonikoa Castile and León Symphony Orchestra Chamartín Symphony Orchestra Community of Madrid Orchestra Málaga Philharmonic Madrid Academic Orchestra Madrid Symphony Orchestra Orquesta Ciudad de Granada Orquesta Clásica Santa Cecilia Orquestra de Cadaqués Orquesta Filarmónica de Málaga Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona i Nacional de Catalunya Orquesta Sinfónica de Burgos Orquesta Sinfónica de Galicia Orquesta Sinfónica de las Islas Baleares Orquesta Sinfonica de Tenerife Orquestra Simfònica del Gran Teatre del Liceu Orquestra Simfònica del Vallès Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra Real Compañía Ópera de Cámara Real Orquesta Sinfónica de Sevilla RTVE Symphony Orchestra (based in Madrid) Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid Spanish National Youth Orchestra (national youth orchestra) Orquesta Nacional de España (based in Madrid) Valencian Community Orchestra Valencia Orchestra Sweden Gävle Symphony Orchestra Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra Kungliga Hovkapellet Malmö Symphony Orchestra Norrköping Symphony Orchestra Örebro Chamber Orchestra Royal Academic Orchestra Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra Stockholm Youth Symphony Orchestra Swedish Chamber Orchestra Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra Switzerland Basel Sinfonietta Berner Symphonie-Orchester Biel Solothurn Symphony Orchestra Camerata Bern Kammerorchester Basel Lucerne Festival Strings Luzerner Sinfonieorchester Orchester Musikkollegium Winterthur Orchestra della Svizzera Italiana Orchestre de Chambre de Lausanne Orchestre de chambre de Neuchâtel Orchestre de la Suisse Romande Sinfonieorchester Basel Tonhalle Orchester Zurich Zurich Chamber Orchestra Zurich Opera House Orchestra Zurich Symphony Orchestra Turkey Antalya State Symphony Orchestra Barış Youth Symphony Orchestra Bilkent Symphony Orchestra Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra Bursa State Symphony Orchestra Cukurova State Symphony Orchestra Istanbul State Symphony Orchestra Izmir State Symphony Orchestra* Turkish Presidential Symphony Orchestra Ukraine Ukrainian Radio Symphony Orchestra National Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine Symphony Orchestra of the National Philharmonic of Ukraine Kyiv Symphony Orchestra Kyiv Classic Orchestra Academic Symphony Orchestra of the Lviv Philharmonic United Kingdom England Academy of Ancient Music Academy of St Martin in the Fields BBC Concert Orchestra BBC Philharmonic BBC Symphony Orchestra Bournemouth Sinfonietta Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra Britten Sinfonia Camerata of London City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra City of London Sinfonia Docklands Sinfonia English Baroque Soloists English Chamber Orchestra English Concert Hallé Orchestra Huddersfield Philharmonic Orchestra Hull Philharmonic Orchestra Kensington Symphony Orchestra Kings Chamber Orchestra Leeds Symphony Orchestra Leicester Symphony Orchestra London Chamber Orchestra London Classical Players London Festival Orchestra London Mozart Players London Philharmonic Orchestra London Shostakovich Orchestra London Sinfonietta London Symphony Orchestra Manchester Camerata National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain New London Orchestra Northern Sinfonia Orchestra of Opera North Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment Orchestra of the City Oxford Philharmonic Orchestra Philharmonia Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Sheffield Symphony Orchestra Sinfonia ViVA Sunderland Symphony Orchestra The King's Consort Worthing Symphony Orchestra Yorkshire Symphony Orchestra Northern Ireland Ulster Orchestra Scotland BBC Scottish Radio Orchestra BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra National Youth Orchestra of Scotland Royal Scottish National Orchestra Scottish Chamber Orchestra Scottish Ensemble Scottish Festival Orchestra West of Scotland Schools Symphony Orchestra Wales BBC National Orchestra of Wales Cardiff Philharmonic Orchestra National Youth Orchestra of Wales Welsh Sinfonia Welsh Chamber Orchestra (founded in 1986) References Symphony orchestras in Europe Symphony orchestras in Europe Europe Europe, symphony

4047605

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Georges%20River

Electoral district of Georges River

Georges River was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1930 to 2007. It was replaced by Oatley. Members for Georges River Election results References Former electoral districts of New South Wales 1930 establishments in Australia 2007 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1930 Constituencies disestablished in 2007

4047609

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Gosford

Electoral district of Gosford

Gosford is an electoral district of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in Australia. The electorate covers the western parts of the City of Gosford, including central Gosford and Woy Woy. It is represented by Liesl Tesch of the Labor Party, elected at the 2017 by-election. The electorate was created in 1950. At the redistribution prior to the 2007 election much of the district of Gosford, then held by Chris Hartcher for the Liberal Party, became part of the district of Terrigal while Gosford absorbed most of the former district of Peats, then held by Marie Andrews for the Labor Party. Antony Green describes the redistribution as effectively being that Gosford was renamed Terrigal while Peats was renamed Gosford. Demographics The percentage of people in Gosford who were born overseas was 15% which is slightly lower than the national average at 22.2% and the percentage of people who have Australian citizenship is only slightly higher than the national average of 86.1% at 88.4%. As for languages spoken at home English only was the most common language spoken by 90.4% of the population which is substantially higher than national average at 78.5%. Italian was second with 0.4%, while no other language was spoken by more than 0.3% of the total population. Anglicanism was the most common religion at 28.2%, followed by Catholicism at 26.6%, No Religion with 14.9% and Uniting Church at 5.6%. Median incomes for the population aged 15 years and over was only slightly lower in both weekly individual income and weekly household income but slightly higher in the weekly family income category. Members for Gosford Election results References Gosford Gosford 1950 establishments in Australia Central Coast (New South Wales) Central Coast Council (New South Wales)

4047612

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Granville

Electoral district of Granville

Granville is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales in Sydney's West. It is currently represented by Julia Finn of the Labor Party. Granville includes the suburbs of Clyde, Granville, Holroyd, Mays Hill, Merrylands, Merrylands West, South Wentworthville and parts of Greystanes, Guildford, Parramatta, South Granville, Wentworthville and Westmead. History Granville was first established in 1894, partly replacing part of Central Cumberland. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Parramatta. Granville was recreated in 1927. It has historically tended to be a seat. Members for Granville Election results References Granville Bathurst, New South Wales 1894 establishments in Australia Granville 1920 disestablishments in Australia Granville 1927 establishments in Australia Granville

4047617

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Hawkesbury

Electoral district of Hawkesbury

Hawkesbury is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Robyn Preston of the Liberal Party. It includes all of the City of Hawkesbury and the far north of both The Hills Shire and Hornsby Shire. History Hawkesbury was originally created in 1859, replacing part of Cumberland (North Riding) and named after the Hawkesbury River. It elected two members simultaneously from 1859 to 1880. It was abolished in 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation and absorbed into Cumberland. It was recreated in 1927. Hawkesbury is a conservative seat, having been won by the main centre-right party at every election since 1947. At the Liberal Party landslide victory in 2011, Liberal candidate Ray Williams achieved 84.7% of the two-party preferred vote, with a primary vote share of 75.4%. Members for Hawkesbury Election results References Hawkesbury

4047618

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Heathcote

Electoral district of Heathcote

Heathcote is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was established in 1971 abolished in 1991 and re-established in 1999. Since 2023, it has been represented by Maryanne Stuart of the Labor Party. Members for Heathcote Election results References External links Heathcote 1971 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1971 1991 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1991 1999 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1999

4047619

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.%20R.%20Gopinath

G. R. Gopinath

Captain Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar Gopinath (born 13 November 1951) is an Indian entrepreneur, the founder of Air Deccan, a retired Captain of the Indian Army, an author and a politician. Early life Gopinath was born in Gorur, Hassan, in a Tamil iyengar family and was brought up in small village in Gorur in the Hassan district of Karnataka State. Gopinath's father Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar, a school teacher (not to be confused with Kannada Novelist Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar who is his mother's uncle), believed that schools were systems of regimentation and was resolved to teach Gopinath at home. However, Gopinath was admitted to a Kannada medium school quite late and straight away he joined Standard V. In 1962, Gopinath cleared the admission test and joined Sainik School, Bijapur. The school helped and prepared Gopinath to clear the NDA entrance exams. After 3 years of vigorous training, Gopinath completed education from the National Defence Academy, Pune. He then went on to graduate from the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun. Career After school, he earned a commission in the Indian Army, earning the rank of Captain. He spent eight years in the army and fought in the 1971-72 Bangladesh Liberation War. The army life seemed to somehow tie him down. He took early retirement from Indian Army, at the age of 28. Upon retirement from the armed forces, he established an ecologically sustainable sericulture farm; his innovative methods earned him the Rolex Laureate Award in 1996. Next, he started the Malnad Mobikes (Enfield dealership) and opened a hotel in Hassan. In 1997 he co-founded Deccan Aviation, a charter helicopter service with his two friends,who were also in air force. In 2003, Gopinath founded Air Deccan, a low cost airline; Air Deccan merged with Kingfisher Airlines in 2007. In 2009 he founded Deccan 360, a freight flight business. In July 2013, Deccan 360 was ordered to wind up by the Karnataka High Court order based on petitions filed by Dubai-based United Aviation Services (UAS) and another by M/s Patel Integrated Logistics (PIL) Pvt. Ltd. — seeking recovery of amounts due to them by winding up the company. In May 2006, he was knighted with "Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur" the civilian award conferred by the French Government. He has received many awards for Air Deccan. In 2009, Gopinath contested as an independent candidate in Bangalore South constituency at the Lok Sabha elections but was defeated. In 2014, he unsuccessfully contested Lok Sabha elections on the ticket of the Aam Aadmi Party. Aviation career Deccan Aviation Gopinath moved to Bengaluru in 1992 where he bumped into Captain K.J. Samuel, who was his friend in the army. Samuel was a freelance pilot and was planning to set-up a commercial Helicopter service. In 1995, when the Indian government started a regulatory reforms process to encourage entrepreneurship, Gopinath partnered with Samuel and established Deccan Aviation. Deccan's helicopters were chartered by most politicians and the company also got involved in many rescue missions in Sri Lanka, Nepal, Kabul and South India. The Company grew to become one of the largest private air charter companies in India and Sri Lanka. Inspired by the success of Southwest Airlines in the United States and Ryanair in Europe, Deccan Aviation launched India's first low-cost airline, Air Deccan in 2003. Deccan Aviation went public in May 2006, however by then the airline was losing money. The following year, the Vijay Mallya lead UB group purchased a strategic 26 per cent stake in Deccan Aviation. At the time of purchase, Air Deccan connected sixty nine cities around India. Mallya merged the two airlines soon after and Capt. Gopinath sold most of his stake in the company in 2009. Deccan Charters During the merger process of Kingfisher with Air Deccan, the Charter services division of Deccan Aviation was transferred into a new company named Deccan Charters Limited after it received its Non-Scheduled Air Operator Permit (NSOP) from the DGCA on 10 October 2008. During that period, the Charter operations continued to perform satisfactorily and increased its presence in off shore flying for the oil sector. Gopinath used the money from the UB Group deal to start Deccan 360, a cargo airline, in May 2009. But that enterprise too was squeezed by a severe cash crunch and shut shop in 2011. The same year, Gopinath became the 100% owner of Deccan Charters by purchasing the stake Mallya held in the company as part of the 2007 deal. The following year, Gopinath launched daily charter flights in the state of Gujarat under the brand name of Deccan Shuttles. The flights connected Ahmedabad, Surat, Jamnagar, Bhavnagar and Kandla using a nine-seater Cessna Grand Caravan aircraft. The service wound up in 2013. In April 2017, Deccan charters bid for and won 34 regional Indian routes under the UDAN scheme. Operating under the brand name Air Deccan, it will commence operations in December 2017 with flights between Mumbai and Nashik. Air Deccan will operate 19-seater Beechcraft 1900D turboprop aircraft that are suitable for short-haul flights. The airline has plans to connect Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Shillong to regional towns in the vicinity of these cities. Awards and honors 1996 - Rolex Awards for Enterprise 2005 - Rajyotsava Award (Karnataka) 2007 - Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (France) Personality of the Decade Award (K.G. Foundation) Sir M Visvesvaraya Memorial Award (Federation of Karnataka Chambers of Commerce & Industry) In popular culture The 2020 Indian Tamil-language film Soorarai Pottru was partly inspired by events from the life of Gopinath and is based on his memoir Simply Fly: A Deccan Odyssey.The Film's Hindi language name is Udaan(2020) is inspired by book 'simply fly ' now streaming on prime video. Books by Gopinath Simply Fly: A Deccan Odyssey, Collins Business, 2010, "You Cannot Miss This Flight: Essays on Emerging India", HarperCollins, 2017, References External links Lok Sabha members from Karnataka People from Hassan district Kannada people Living people Indian aviation businesspeople Sainik School alumni Knights of the Legion of Honour 1951 births Businesspeople from Karnataka Aam Aadmi Party politicians 21st-century Indian politicians Recipients of the Rajyotsava Award 2005 Indian Military Academy alumni Air Deccan

4047620

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Heffron

Electoral district of Heffron

Heffron is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales located primarily in Sydney's Inner Southern Region. It is named after Robert Heffron, a former Labor premier of New South Wales. It is a safe seat, currently represented by Ron Hoenig of the Labor Party since August 2012. Created in 1973 from the abolished seat of Cook's River, the seat was represented from 2003 to 2012 by former New South Wales Premier Kristina Keneally of the Labor Party. At the 2011 election, Keneally suffered a swing of over 16 percent, more than halving her majority from 23 percent to seven percent. She resigned the seat on 29 June 2012 to start her new career as CEO of Basketball Australia, prompting an August Heffron by-election. At the by-election, Ron Hoenig won with 70 percent of the two-candidate preferred vote. Heffron includes the suburbs of Alexandria, Beaconsfield, Waterloo, Zetland, Rosebery, Mascot, St Peters, Sydenham, Tempe, most of Eastlakes and Kensington and parts of Kingsford. Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport is located within the electorate. The district was named after Bob Heffron who was the local MP for Botany and Maroubra. The seat was contested for the first time in the year 1973, won by Laurie Brereton and has always been held by the Labor party. Members for Heffron Election results References Heffron 1973 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1973

4047621

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meristogenys

Meristogenys

Meristogenys is a genus of true frogs from Borneo. Its tadpoles are adapted to fast-flowing mountain streams and easily recognizable by their divided upper lip with ribs on the outside. Taxonomy and systematics Its closest living relative is apparently the hole-in-the-head frog (Huia cavitympanum), type species of the highly polyphyletic "wastebin genus" Huia. Meristogenys, having been proposed far more recently than Huia, might be included in the latter on grounds of phylogeny, as most if not all species placed in the Huia seem to belong elsewhere. But a group of species traditionally placed in Huia as well as the genus Clinotarsus are very close relatives, and therefore a taxonomic revision of this group is probably better deferred until the relationships of all taxa involved have been properly assessed. Meristogenys on its own is a monophyletic group. Ecology Meristogenys are common frogs around the mountain streams of Borneo and among the commonest frogs in the mountainous regions of the island. Tadpoles are specialized for living in strong currents and have a heavy body. The snout is broadly rounded with a relatively oral disk underneath it. The body is flat below and has a large sucker, covering a larger portion of the abdomen. Description The largest species is Meristogenys kinabaluensis; males reach and females in snout–vent length. Adults of different species are usually morphologically similar and difficult identify to species, and even difficult to distinguish from other ranid frogs, notably Hylarana. In contrast, and unusually, the tadpoles are easier to identify to species than the adults. Species There are 13 species: Footnotes References (2007): Paraphyly of Chinese Amolops (Anura, Ranidae) and phylogenetic position of the rare Chinese frog, Amolops tormotus. Zootaxa 1531: 49–55. PDF abstract and first page text (2008): The phylogenetic problem of Huia (Amphibia: Ranidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 46(1): 49-60. (HTMl abstract) True frogs Endemic fauna of Borneo Amphibians of Borneo Amphibian genera

4047625

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Hornsby

Electoral district of Hornsby

Electoral district of Hornsby is an electoral district of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in Australia. Hornsby is one of two post-1927 electorates to have never been held by the party and always by the Liberals, a predecessor party to the Liberals, or an independent, the other such district being Vaucluse. It is represented by Matt Kean of the Liberal Party. Members for Hornsby Election results References Notes External links Hornsby 1927 establishments in Australia Hornsby 1991 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1991 Hornsby Constituencies established in 1999

4047627

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Illawarra

Electoral district of Illawarra

Illawarra was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was located in the Illawarra area and originally created in 1859, replacing East Camden. It was replaced by Wollongong in 1904 and recreated in 1927. In 1968, it was abolished and partly replaced by Kembla. In 1971, Kembla was abolished and Illawarra was recreated. In 2007, it was abolished and replaced by Shellharbour. Members for Illawarra Election results References Former electoral districts of New South Wales 1859 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1859 1904 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1904 1927 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1927 1968 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1968 1971 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1971 2007 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 2007

4047628

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Keira

Electoral district of Keira

Keira is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is currently represented by Ryan Park of the Labor Party. Keira is a northern Illawarra electorate taking in the northern and western Wollongong suburbs of Figtree, Keiraville, Mount Ousley, Mount Pleasant, Balgownie, Corrimal, Bellambi, Woonona, Bulli, Thirroul, Austinmer and Coledale. Keira was established in 1988 largely as a replacement to the seat of Corrimal. Like its predecessor, it is a safe seat for the Labor Party. Labor have only ever fallen below 60 percent of the two-party preferred vote three times; twice to the Liberal Party in 1988 and 2011 and once to an independent in 1999. Members for Keira Election results References Keira Keira 1988 establishments in Australia

4047629

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Education%20Board

General Education Board

The General Education Board was a private organization which was used primarily to support higher education and medical schools in the United States, and to help rural white and black schools in the South, as well as modernize farming practices in the South. It helped eradicate hookworm and created the county agent system in American agriculture, linking research as state agricultural experiment stations with actual practices in the field. The Board was created in 1902 after John D. Rockefeller donated an initial $1 million () to its cause. The Rockefeller family would eventually give over $180 million to fund the General Education Board. Prominent member Frederick Taylor Gates envisioned "The Country School of To-Morrow," wherein "young and old will be taught in practicable ways how to make rural life beautiful, intelligent, fruitful, re-creative, healthful, and joyous." By 1934 the Board was making grants of $5.5 million a year. It spent nearly all its money by 1950 and closed in 1964. History The formation of the General Education Board began in early 1902. On January 15, 1902, two months after the Southern Education Board was founded, a small group of men gathered at the home of banker Morris K. Jessup to discuss education. This meeting included John D. Rockefeller Jr., Robert Curtis Ogden, George Foster Peabody, Jabez L. M. Curry, William H Baldwin Jr., and Wallace Buttrick. That day, the men discussed raising educational standards, and widening educational opportunities. On February 27, 1902, a second meeting was held at John D. Rockefeller Jr.'s home. This meeting was attended by the guests of the original meeting but also included Daniel Coit Gilman, Albert Shaw, Walter Hines Page, and Edward Morse Shepard. At the climax of the meeting, it was announced that John D. Rockefeller Sr. would give $1,000,000 for the inauguration of an educational program. Thus, the General Education Board was born. The General Education Board was incorporated by an Act of Congress that took place on January 12, 1903. Their main object being "the promotion of education within the United States of America, without distinction of race, sex, or creed" The original members of the General Education Board were: William H. Baldwin Jr., Jabez L.M. Curry, Frederick T. Gates, Daniel C. Gilman, Morris K. Jesup, Robert C. Ogden, Walter Hines Page, George Foster Peabody, and Albert Shaw. Upon evidence that this work would be effectively carried out, and Wallace Buttrick’s 1905 observation that “the fundamental problem of the South is the recovery of the fertility of the soil,” the program grew further. on 30 June 1905 he made an additional gift of $10,000,000 and in 1907 a further sum of $32,000,000. Rockefeller eventually gave it $180 million, which was used primarily to support higher education and medical schools in the United States and to improve farming practices in the South. It helped eradicate hookworm and created the county agent system in American agriculture, linking research at state agricultural experiment stations with actual practices in the field. By 1934 it was making grants of $5.5 million a year. It spent nearly all its money by 1950 and ceased operating as a separate entity in 1960, when its programs were subsumed into the Rockefeller Foundation. Programs It had four main programs: 1. The promotion of practical farming in the southern states. Through the Department of Agriculture the board had made accumulative annual appropriations amounting in by 1912-1913 to $673,750 for the purpose of promoting agriculture by the establishment of demonstration farms under the direction of Dr. Seaman A. Knapp. About 236 men were employed in supervising such farms. In 1906 the General Education Board contributed $7,000, and due to the increased success of the programs in reaching the distant southern farming communities, G.E.B. contributions grew each year. In addition to promoting demonstration farms, instructors for the education of farmers were also furnished. The work of the Board also influenced the practical teaching of agriculture in the schools of the southern United States. 2. The establishment of public high schools in the southern states. Upon the General Education Board's foundation in 1902, it was stated that the immediate prerogative of the organization was to "devote itself to studying and aiding to promote the educational needs of the people of our southern states." For this purpose, the board appropriated for state universities or state departments of education in the South sums to pay for the salaries of high school representatives to travel throughout their states and stimulate public sentiment in favor of high schools. As a result of this work, 912 high schools had been established in 11 southern states by 1914. 3. The promotion of institutions of higher learning. By 1914 the board had made conditional appropriations to the amount of $8,817,500, gifts towards an approximate total of $41,020,500. This money was expended throughout the United States. The General Education Board also provided funds to fund existing medical schools for Black students, such as Meharry Medical College and Howard University Medical School. However, the General Education Board encouraged graduates to stay working in the rural South. Schools with graduates that established private medical practices in the North received less funding. Additionally, fellowships awarded to Black medical programs discouraged medical scientific research projects and encouraged more remedial education. In a 1910 report, Abraham Flexner stated that Black schools should focus on "hygiene rather than surgery" and noted that for Black doctors, "their duty calls them away from large cities to the village and the plantation." 4. Schools for Negroes. By 1914, the board had made contributions, amounting to $620,105, to schools for Negroes, mainly those for the training of teachers. Anna T. Jeanes had contributed $1,000,000 for that purpose. The schools for Black Americans were often designed to teach rural agricultural skills that would keep them tied to the South and discourage migration to Northern cities. William H. Baldwin gave this advice to Black Americans: "Learn that any work, however menial, if well done, is dignified; learn that the world will give full credit for labor and success, even though the skin is black; learn that it is a mistake to be educated out of your necessary environment; know that it is a crime for any teacher, white or black, to educate the Negro for positions which are not open to him; know that the greatest opportunity for a successful life lies in the Southland where you were born, where the people know you and need you, and will treat you far better than in any other section of the country." The work of the General Education Board had a social side as well. “Corn” and educative clubs to study house management, poultry, preservation of fruit and other subjects directly related with agricultural life were encouraged in various ways, more especially in connection with the girl's clubs. Other clubs of a purely social nature were organized for the promotion of more social life in farming communities. The investigations which preceded the gifts of the Board were perhaps of as great importance to the development of education in the United States as the gifts themselves. The Board consisted of 17 members and maintained headquarters in New York City. In 1920 the president was Wallace Buttrick, and the secretary, Abraham Flexner. Implications The General Education Board emphasized the need for real world applicational skills. Two areas which the General Education Board highlighted was Demonstrative Farming as well as Industrial Education. Wallace Buttrick an influential member in the development of the General Education Board highlighted that, "the fundamental problem of the South is the recovery of the fertility of the soil.” For this reason as well, the lack of literacy and overall knowledge on modern farming techniques the General Education Board implemented interactive learning techniques rather than "how-to manuals." Because these demonstrations were so effective at informing white and black farmers at the time, the General Education Board invested in committees which were more willing to build/sponsor programs which provided vocational and nonvocational information. Education in a time of racial discrimination became vehicles for African American empowerment. Because of the discriminatory philosophy of the time, African Americans were granted limited knowledge in the realm of industrial training. In most cases information ranged from basic skills to learning strong working habits, which in most cases was no where close to the information needed to obtain higher learning. However, because of this learning African Americans were able to secure better jobs, teach others industrial learning, and receive higher training to pursue increase educations. Future The work done by the General Education Board paved the way for philanthropic foundations which provided financial grants throughout the American south. These funds were distributed in areas to stimulate the growth of educational practices and bring men and women from all over the country to "promote enlightened and sympathetic understanding of the South’s educational problems following the Reconstruction period." Peabody Fund (1867) Slater Fund (1882) Anna T. Jeanes Foundation (1907)' Jeanes Teachers Julius Rosenwald Fund (1917) Phelps-Stokes Fund Philosophy "In our dream, we have limitless resources and the people yield themselves with perfect docility to our molding hand. The present educational conventions fade from their minds; and, unhampered by tradition, we work our own good will upon a grateful and responsive rural folk. We shall not try to make these people or any of their children into philosophers or men of learning, or men of science. We have not to raise up from among them authors, editors, poets or men of letters. We shall not search for embryo great artists, painters, musicians nor lawyers, doctors, preachers, politicians, statesmen, of whom we have an ample supply…The task we set before ourselves is very simple as well as a very beautiful one, to train these people as we find them to a perfectly ideal life just where they are… So we will organize our children into a little community and teach them to do in a perfect way the things their fathers and mothers are doing in an imperfect way, in the homes, in the shops and on the farm." - General Education Board, Occasional Papers, No. 1 "The country school of to-morrow" (General Education Board, New York, 1913) p. 6. See also Philanthropy in the United States Rockefeller family Rockefeller Foundation John D. Rockefeller John D. Rockefeller Jr. References Further reading Fleming, Louise E. and Rita S. Saslaw. "Rockefeller and General Education Board Influences on Vocational ism in Education, 1880-1925" (1992) online Fosdick, Raymond Blaine. Adventures in Giving: The Story of the General Education Board, (1962). Harr, John Ensor, and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family, (1988). General Education Board. The General Education Board: An Account of Its Activities, 1902-1914. (1915) online free General Education Board. Annual Report Of The General Education Board 1934-1935 (1936) online free External links Activities in Tennessee Activities in 1939 1939: General Education Board - Archive Article - MSN Encarta (Archived 2009-10-31) "Without Distinction of Race, Sex, or Creed": The General Education Board, 1903-1964 (Rockefeller Archive Center) General Education Board Archives, (1901-1964) - 1967 Southern Secondary and Elementary Education (Rockefeller Archive Center) https://web.archive.org/web/20070323030240/http://www.thememoryhole.org/edu/school-mission.htm Institutions founded by the Rockefeller family Rockefeller Foundation Education in the United States Educational foundations in the United States 1902 establishments in the United States

4047632

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Kiama

Electoral district of Kiama

Kiama is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is currently represented by Gareth Ward. Originally elected as a member of the Liberal Party, Ward stood down from the party in May 2021 following allegations of sexual misconduct. The electorate is named after and includes the Municipality of Kiama. It also includes the southern part of the City of Shellharbour (including the suburbs of Albion Park and the western part of Albion Park Rail) and the part of the City of Shoalhaven to the north of the Shoalhaven river (including Bomaderry and Berry). It includes a thinly populated area to the west of Nowra south of the Shoalhaven. It also includes Marshall Mount in the City of Wollongong. History Kiama was created in 1859. It was abolished in 1904 with the downsizing of parliament after federation and replaced by Allowrie. It was recreated in 1981, replacing parts of Illawarra and South Coast. Members for Kiama Election results References External links Kiama 1859 establishments in Australia Kiama 1904 disestablishments in Australia Kiama 1981 establishments in Australia Kiama

4047635

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Kogarah

Electoral district of Kogarah

Kogarah is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. The electorate is located in St George. It is represented by Chris Minns of the Australian Labor Party. Kogarah includes the Sydney suburbs of Allawah, Beverly Hills, Carlton, Carss Park, Kogarah and parts of Bexley, Bexley North, Blakehurst, Hurstville, Kingsgrove, Penshurst and South Hurstville. History Kogarah was created for the 1930 election, partly replacing the abolished districts of Oatley and St George. It was a marginal seat in the 1930s and 1940s but, since 1953, it became increasingly safe for Labor. The seat was first won by former state MP for St George and Oatley, Mark Gosling of the Labor Party. However, following factionalism, splits and sectarianism within the state and federal Labor parties, the United Australia Party, later the Liberal Party, won the seat at the 1932 election. Winning back the seat in 1941, the Labor Party have since held the seat for seventy-eight of the seats ninety-three years of its existence. Members for Kogarah Election results References Kogarah 1930 establishments in Australia Kogarah

4047639

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Ku-ring-gai

Electoral district of Ku-ring-gai

Ku-ring-gai was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. The electorate covers the suburbs and parts of the suburbs of Gordon, Hornsby, Killara, Lindfield, Normanhurst, North Turramurra, North Wahroonga, Pymble, South Turramurra, Thornleigh, Turramurra, Wahroonga, Waitara, Warrawee and West Pymble. History Ku-ring-gai was created before the 1973 election and was held by John Maddison, a minister in the government of Askin, who had previously been the member for Hornsby. Maddison retired in 1980 and future Premiers of New South Wales Nick Greiner won the seat at a by-election. He held the seat until resigning from Parliament and as Premier in 1992 in the aftermath of the ICAC enquiry into the Metherell affair. He was succeeded by Stephen O'Doherty, who in 1999 chose to follow the majority of his constituents into the re-created seat of Hornsby. Barry O'Farrell transferred to Ku-ring-gai in 1999 after his seat of Northcott was abolished, and held it when he became Premier after leading the Coalition to a massive landslide victory in the 2011 state election. He resigned as premier in 2014 and retired from politics after the 2015 state election, handing the seat to current member Henskens. Located in the heartland of the North Shore, Ku-ring-gai has been in Liberal hands for its entire existence, and for much of that time has been an ultra-safe seat even by North Shore standards. The Liberals have never tallied less than 65 percent of the two-party vote, and have always taken the seat on the first count with no need for preferences. At the 2011 election, for instance, O'Farrell was reelected with 81.3% of the two-candidate-preferred vote, making Ku-ring-gai the safest seat in the entire NSW parliament. While frequently runs dead in north Sydney, Ku-ring-gai is particularly hostile territory for Labor. Since the 1990s, Labor has usually been lucky to get 20 percent of the primary vote. In 2011, for example, Labor was pushed into third place behind the Greens. The seat is almost entirely within the equally safe federal seat of Bradfield, previously one of the safest federal Liberal seats in the country, prior to the 2022 election where it became marginal. Ku-ring-gai is one of four current electorates in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly to have been held by two Premiers of New South Wales while in office. Both Premiers Greiner and O'Farrell held Ku-ring-gai while in office. The other three electorates being Maroubra, Willoughby and Wollondilly. As a result of a redistribution in 2021, Ku-ring-gai was abolished at the 2023 election, largely replaced by Wahroonga. Members for Ku-ring-gai Election results References Ku-ring-gai 1973 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1973 2023 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 2023

4047642

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Lachlan

Electoral district of Lachlan

Lachlan was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. During the first two Parliaments (1856–1859), there was an electorate in the same area called Lachlan and Lower Darling, named after the Lachlan and Darling Rivers. Lachlan was created in 1859 and abolished in 1880, partly replaced by Forbes. In 1894 Forbes was abolished and Lachlan was recreated. In 1920 Lachlan and Ashburnham were absorbed into Murrumbidgee and elected three members under proportional representation. At the end of proportional representation in 1927, Lachlan was recreated. It was abolished in 1950, recreated in 1981 and abolished in 2007. The abolition of Lachlan for the 2007 election prompted its member, former Deputy Premier Ian Armstrong to retire at that election rather than seek the option of remaining in Parliament by contesting another seat. Members for Lachlan Election results References Former electoral districts of New South Wales Constituencies established in 1859 1859 establishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1880 1880 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1894 1894 establishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1920 1920 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1927 1927 establishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1950 1950 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1981 1981 establishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 2007 2007 disestablishments in Australia

4047644

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Lake%20Macquarie

Electoral district of Lake Macquarie

Lake Macquarie is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in Greater Newcastle, Hunter Region of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by the independent Greg Piper. Lake Macquarie is entirely located in the City of Lake Macquarie, Greater Newcastle and includes suburbs as far north as Killingworth, Boolaroo and Cardiff and as far east as Cardiff South. Suburbs further north are in Cessnock and Wallsend and suburbs further east are in Charlestown and Swansea. Members for Lake Macquarie Election results References Lake Macquarie City of Lake Macquarie 1950 establishments in Australia Lake Macquarie

4047647

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Lakemba

Electoral district of Lakemba

Lakemba was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, located in the South-Western suburbs of Sydney. It has been held by the Labor Party since its creation in 1927. It was represented by Morris Iemma, who was Premier of New South Wales from 3 August 2005 until his resignation on 5 September 2008. It was last held by Jihad Dib from the 2015 election to its abolishment. Lakemba included the suburbs of Chullora, Greenacre, Lakemba, Mount Lewis, Punchbowl, Wiley Park and parts of Bankstown, Belmore, Beverly Hills, Narwee, Riverwood and Roselands. As a result of a redistribution in 2021, Lakemba was abolished at the 2023 election; its territory split between Bankstown, Canterbury and Oatley. Members for Lakemba Election results References Lakemba 1927 establishments in Australia Lakemba Lakemba Constituencies disestablished in 2023

4047648

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrixalus

Micrixalus

Micrixalus (commonly known as dancing frogs, tropical frogs, and torrent frogs) is a genus of frogs from that are endemic to the Western Ghats in India. They are monotypic within the family Micrixalidae. Before being raised to the family level they were classified as the subfamily Micrixalinae within Ranidae. Micrixalus frogs, such as Micrixalus saxicola, are popularly known as "dancing frogs" due to their peculiar habit of waving their feet to attract females during the breeding season. Dancing frogs are extremely vulnerable as their habitat is severely threatened. Description The family is characterized by having a pectoral girdle that is firmisternal and tadpoles having a single row of labial teeth. Biju et al. (2014) list the following characteristic features as common to all species of Micrixalus: Natural history Dancing frogs are found in the vicinity of fast and slow moving perennial streams in the forests of the Western Ghats. Typical habitats include high altitude shola forests, wet evergreen forests, Myristica swamps, and secondary forests. Both the genus and the family are also known by the epithets "tropical frogs" and "torrent frogs". During the breeding season, male dancing frogs call from spots close to running water and display their prominent white vocal sacs. Males tap their hindfeet and extend it, subsequently stretching the foot outward and shaking it, both at prospective mates and rival males. This type of hindleg movement has been termed as "foot-flagging" and has been observed in many, but not all, Micrixalus species and evidence inferred for a few other species as well. Foot flagging is done with either hindlimb and also while calling. The mating pair enter the water where the eggs are fertilised. The female dancing frog excavates in the streambed with her hindlimbs. The pair detach, the female lays her eggs in the chamber in the streambed and buries the spawn with sand and gravel using the hindlimbs. DNA analysis In 2014, researchers uncovered 14 new species in the genus Micrixalus. This was the result of a DNA analysis of the dancing frogs from the Western Ghats region of South India. In addition, they noted that the two species M. narainensis and M. swamianus are junior synonyms of M. kottigeharensis, and that M. herrei is elevated from a synonym of M. fuscus to a valid species. The members of the team were S.D. Biju and Sonali Garg (both from Delhi University), K.V. Gururaja from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, and, Yogesh Shouche and Sandeep A. W. (both from National Centre for Cell Science, Pune). The results, which were published in the peer-reviewed Ceylon Journal of Science in May 2014, have arisen from a study conducted over a dozen years in the forests of the Western Ghats in the states of Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The species were differentiated due to molecular markers from DNA analysis which also indicated that the endemic group had evolved in this habitat approximately 85 million years ago. The Western Ghats is a biodiversity hotspot for amphibians with 75 new amphibian species having been discovered in the last fifteen years alone. This discovery raised the number of endemic amphibian species in the Western Ghats to 181. However, S.D. Biju, the leader of the research team, stated that the potential for discovering new amphibian species is far from exhausted, and as many as a hundred new species could be awaiting discovery. This study has serious conservation implications for India as many as seven species of dancing frogs are only found outside protected areas. Species The genus (and the family) contains 24 species: Image gallery See also Staurois, another Asian genus of frogs that signal each other by leg waving References External links Photo gallery : Meet the Dancing Frogs of the Western Ghats Video : Meet the hilarious dancing frogs as scientists discover new species Amphibians of Asia Amphibians of India Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats Amphibian genera Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger

4047649

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Lane%20Cove

Electoral district of Lane Cove

Lane Cove is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Anthony Roberts of the Liberal Party. The electoral district of Lane Cove encompasses the suburbs and localities of Artarmon, Chatswood West, East Ryde, Gladesville, Gore Hill, Greenwich, Henley, Hunters Hill, Huntleys Point, Lane Cove, Linley Point, Longueville, Macquarie Park, Monash Park, North Ryde, Northwood, Putney, Riverview, Ryde, St Leonards, Tambourine Bay and Woolwich. Members for Lane Cove Election results References External links Lane Cove 1904 establishments in Australia Lane Cove 1904 disestablishments in Australia Lane Cove 1913 establishments in Australia Lane Cove

4047651

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Lismore

Electoral district of Lismore

Lismore is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Janelle Saffin of the Labor Party. The electoral district includes all of the City of Lismore (including Lismore, Lindendale, Nimbin, Dunoon and Clunes), much of inland Tweed Shire (including Murwillumbah, Tyalgum and Uki), all of Kyogle Council (including Kyogle, Bonalbo, Tabulam and Woodenbong) and all of Tenterfield Shire. (including Tenterfield, Drake, Jennings, Liston, Legume, Torrington and Urbenville) History Lismore was first created with the end of multi-member districts in 1894, when it was split from Richmond. In 1904, it was abolished with the reduction in the size of the Legislative Assembly, after Federation. In 1913, Lismore was recreated, replacing Richmond. With the introduction of proportional representation in 1920, Lismore and Clarence were absorbed into Byron. With the end of proportional representation in 1927, Lismore and Clarence were recreated. Historically a Country Party/National Party seat, Lismore has only been represented by two Labor MPs: Keith Compton, who was elected at a by-election in 1959 and re-elected in 1962, and Janelle Saffin, who was elected in 2019 who is also the first woman to represent the division. Members for Lismore Election results References Lismore

4047653

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Liverpool

Electoral district of Liverpool

Liverpool is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Australian state of New South Wales in Sydney's West. It is currently represented by Charishma Kaliyanda of the Labor Party. The district is located in Western Sydney, within the boundaries of the Liverpool City Council. It includes the suburbs of Ashcroft, Busby, Carnes Hill, Cartwright, Green Valley, Heckenberg, Hinchinbrook, Horningsea Park, Hoxton Park, Liverpool, Miller, Sadleir, Warwick Farm and West Hoxton. History Liverpool was created in 1950 and has since always been represented by a member of the Labor Party. It has historically been one of the safest seats in New South Wales and is considered a part of Labor's heartland in Western Sydney. At the 2011 election it became the safest ALP seat with sitting member Paul Lynch winning 64.7% of the two party preferred vote although Ron Hoenig won a larger vote at the Heffron by-election held in August 2012 but that was achieved in the absence of a Liberal opponent. Members for Liverpool Election results References Liverpool

4047654

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Londonderry

Electoral district of Londonderry

Londonderry is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Prue Car of the Labor Party. It includes the suburbs of Berkshire Park, Caddens, Cambridge Park, Castlereagh, Claremont Meadows, Colyton, Jordan Springs, Llandilo, Londonderry, Melonba, Mount Pleasant, North St Marys, Oxley Park, Ropes Crossing, Shanes Park, St Marys, Tregear, Werrington, Werrington County, Werrington Downs, Whalan, Willmot and parts of Agnes Banks, Cranebrook, Emerton, Kingswood, Lethbridge Park, Marsden Park, Mount Druitt and Orchard Hills. Members for Londonderry Election results References Londonderry Londonderry 1988 establishments in Australia

4047657

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Macquarie%20Fields

Electoral district of Macquarie Fields

Macquarie Fields is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, located in the outer south-western suburbs of Sydney. It is currently represented by Anoulack Chanthivong of the Labor Party. It currently includes the suburbs of Bardia, Bow Bowing, Casula, Cross Roads, Denham Court, Edmondson Park, Eschol Park, Glenfield, Ingleburn, Kearns, Kentlyn, Leppington, Leumeah, Long Point, Macquarie Fields, Macquarie Links, Minto, Minto Heights, Raby, St Andrews and Varroville. Members for Macquarie Fields Election results References Macquarie Fields Macquarie Fields 1988 establishments in Australia Macquarie Fields 1991 disestablishments in Australia Macquarie Fields 1999 establishments in Australia

4047658

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Norman

Frank Norman

Frank Norman (9 June 1930 – 23 December 1980) was a British novelist and playwright. His reputation rests on his first memoir Bang to Rights (1958) and his musical play Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be (1960), but much of the remainder of his work remains fresh and readable. Norman's early success was based in part on the frankness of his memoirs and in part on the style of his writing, which contained both renditions of cockney speakers and his own poor spelling. Jeffrey Bernard in an obituary of Norman wrote that he was "a 'natural' writer of considerable wit, powers of sardonic observation and with a razor sharp ear for dialogue particularly as spoken in the underworld." Early life Norman was born in Bristol, England, in 1930 and was abandoned by his natural parents. After an unsuccessful adoption, he was committed to a succession of children's homes in and around London—the story of which is recounted in his childhood autobiography, Banana Boy (1969). After the homes came a succession of petty crimes for which he was imprisoned, finally leading to a three-year stretch at Camp Hill Prison on the Isle of Wight. John Norman was not born within the sound of Bow Bells so was not a true Cockney sparrow. He was born on 9 June 1930, the illegitimate son of Frank Charles Booth and Beatrice Smith Née Norman, a secretary who worked at the engineering works owned by Frank Smith's father. The place of birth was given as 151 Whiteladies Road, Clifton, Bristol. John was abandoned by his mother some years later and was placed with The Church of England Adoption society. After a few unsuccessful adoptions John was placed with a wealthy women who it is recorded had servants who looked after Master John. It was thought it was about this time his name got changed around while living with Lady W as he calls her. This adoption did not work out, so Frank was placed in the care of Dr Barnardo's on 24 March 1937 at Stepney HQ where he stayed for a short time. Frank was then moved to Cardington Abbey Howard House 17 Cardington Road, Bedford on 3 April 1937. This is recorded as a home for children with learning disabilities. One of his teachers wrote, "This lad will never amount to much." How wrong she was. At Howard House, Bedford Frank had started to settle down but soon found it was time to move to another home, and on 21 August 1941 Frank ended up at Kingston-upon-Thame s, which by all accounts was not a happy time for Frank. On 8 July 1944 he set off for Goldings together with several other boys, which for him turned out to be the most fearsome establishment, recounted in his childhood autobiography Banana Boy (1969). This time at Goldings would stand him in good stead during the time he would spend on "holiday" in prison. While at Goldings, he tried a few trades but could not master any, most likely due to his limited reading and writing skills, so he ended up in the kitchen. He then requested a transfer to the gardening department. He left Goldings aged 16 on 17 October 1946. After leaving Dr. Barnardo's, Frank was involved in petty crimes for which he was imprisoned, finally leading to a three-year stretch at Camp Hill Prison on the Isle of Wight. Writing career Released from prison in 1957, he started writing what was to become his best known book. Norman's several accounts of how he came to write are at variance with one another, but within a year of his release, he had published in Encounter magazine a 10,000-word extract from his prison memoir, Bang to Rights. Championed at first by the editor of Encounter, Stephen Spender, and subsequently by Raymond Chandler, who wrote the foreword to Bang to Rights, Norman's literary success was assured. After the success of Bang to Rights Norman wrote a draft of what was to become the musical Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be. This draft found its way to Joan Littlewood who produced it for the Theatre Workshop at the Theatre Royal, Stratford, with Lionel Bart writing the music for the songs. The play transferred to the West End, and Norman won the Evening Standard Drama Award for best musical in 1960. Around the same period Norman was writing Stand on Me, an autobiographical memoir of his life in Soho in the 1950s before imprisonment. His next book The Guntz was a follow-up to Bang to Rights, relating stories from his life as a successful writer. Soho Night and Day (1966) was a collaboration with Jeffrey Bernard whose photographs enlivened Norman's text. Two novels followed in quick succession: The Monkey Pulled His Hair in 1967 and Barney Snip – Artist (1968). Later work A further novel, Dodgem Greaser, published in 1971, contained the fictionalised memoirs of a fairground boy, certainly based on Norman's own boyhood fairground experiences. Norman's London reprinted a selection of Norman's early journalism, while Lock'em up and Count'em provides an appraisal of and a plan of reform for the British prison system. The Penguin collection The Lives of Frank Norman (1972) contains extracts from four of his previously published autobiographical books. A further memoir Why Fings Went West (1975) deals specifically with theatre life in the late 1950s and early 1960s. His last published work of non-fiction was The Fake's Progress written in collaboration with its subject Tom Keating, the art forger, and his wife Geraldine Norman, whom he married in 1971. Norman's novels of the 1970s lacked some of the power of his earlier work. One of our Own is a rambling novel of East End life; Much Ado About Nuffink (1974), is a semi-autobiographical novel of a working-class playwright whose play Who Do They Fink They're 'Aving A Go At, Then becomes a critical success. Down and Out in High Society (1975) is a novel about Soho. Three late novels—Too Many Crooks Spoil the Caper (1979), The Dead Butler Caper (1980) and The Baskerville Caper (1981)—found Norman back in strong form in a series featuring Ed Nelson, an under-employed Soho private detective with a penchant for Hankey Bannister Scotch whisky. In 1960, Frank Norman appeared as a contestant on the TV game show "To Tell the Truth". He was an impostor pretending to be British long-distance runner Fred Norris. The host, Bud Collyer, acknowledged Norman's writing career by letting the audience know his prize-winning play Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be had been playing in London's West End for 14 months. Death Frank Norman died of Hodgkin's lymphoma aged 50, on 23 December 1980. General Works Bang to Rights (1958) Stand on Me (1960) The Guntz (1962) Soho Night and Day (1966) The Monkey Pulled His Hair (1967) Barney Snip – Artist (1968) Banana Boy (1969) Norman's London (1969) Lock'em up and Count'em (1970) Dodgem Greaser (1971) The Lives of Frank Norman (1972) One of our Own (1973) Much Ado About Nuffink (1974) Why Fings Went West (1975) Down and Out in High Society (1975) The Fake's Progress (1977) (with Tom Keating and Geraldine Norman) Too Many Crooks Spoil the Caper (1979) The Dead Butler Caper (1980) The Baskerville Caper (1981) Plays Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be (1959) A Kayf Up West (1964) Insideout (1969) Costa Packet References Jeffrey Bernard, "Mr Frank Norman", The Times, 28 December 1980. External links 1930 births 1980 deaths 20th-century British novelists 20th-century British dramatists and playwrights British male novelists British male dramatists and playwrights People from Clifton, Bristol

4047659

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betzdorf%2C%20Germany

Betzdorf, Germany

Betzdorf () is a town and municipality in northern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Betzdorf is part of the district of Altenkirchen. Betzdorf is located on the river Sieg, approx. south-west of Siegen. Betzdorf is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Betzdorf-Gebhardshain. Betzdorf (Sieg) station is a railway junction with closed marshalling yard on the Sieg Railway, the Betzdorf–Haiger railway and the . It is twinned with the town of Ross-on-Wye, England. References Altenkirchen (district)

4047661

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Maitland

Electoral district of Maitland

Maitland is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. The district encompasses most of the City of Maitland. History Maitland was created in 1904, replacing East Maitland and West Maitland. With the introduction of proportional representation in 1920, it absorbed parts of Upper Hunter, Singleton, Cessnock and Durham and elected three members. With the end of proportional representation in 1927, Maitland was split into the single-member electorates of Maitland, Upper Hunter and Cessnock. Members for Maitland Election results References Maitland Maitland, New South Wales 1904 establishments in Australia Maitland

4047662

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Manly

Electoral district of Manly

Manly is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, and covers a large portion of the Northern Beaches Council local government area. Created in 1927, although it has historically tended to be a -leaning seat, Manly has had a history of independent local members. It is represented by James Griffin for the Liberal Party, and was previously represented by the former Premier of New South Wales, Mike Baird. On 23 January 2017, Baird resigned as Premier and member for Manly, triggering a by-election in the district which was held on 8 April and won by Liberal candidate James Griffin. Members for Manly Election results References External links Manly Constituencies established in 1927 Manly, New South Wales Northern Beaches

4047665

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Maroubra

Electoral district of Maroubra

Maroubra is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales located south-east of Sydney CBD. It is currently represented by Michael Daley, former leader of the Labor Party, Maroubra includes the suburbs of Banksmeadow, Botany, Chifley, Daceyville, Eastgardens, Hillsdale, Kingsford, La Perouse, Little Bay, Malabar, Maroubra, Maroubra Junction, Matraville, Pagewood, Phillip Bay, Port Botany and parts of Eastlakes. History Maroubra is one of four current electorates in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly to have been held by two Premiers of New South Wales while in office. Both Premiers Bob Heffron and Bob Carr have held Maroubra while in office, the other three electorates being Ku-ring-gai, Willoughby and Wollondilly. Maroubra has always been a safe seat for the Labor Party. It has had one of the fewest turnover of members of current seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, with just four members in over 60 years - equal with the electorates of Lake Macquarie and Wagga Wagga. Members for Maroubra Election results References Maroubra Maroubra, New South Wales 1950 establishments in Australia Maroubra

4047666

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Menai

Electoral district of Menai

Menai was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1999 to 2015. It was most recently represented by Melanie Gibbons of the Liberal Party. Currently, it is the only state seat in the state of New South Wales to have always been represented by a woman. This district was abolished in the 2013 redistribution, largely replaced by Holsworthy. Members for Menai Election results References External links Former electoral districts of New South Wales 1999 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1999 2015 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 2015

4047667

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Miranda

Electoral district of Miranda

Miranda is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Eleni Petinos of the Liberal Party. Miranda is located in the north of Sutherland Shire on the south shore of Georges River. It includes the suburbs of Alfords Point, Bonnet Bay, Como, Gymea, Illawong, Jannali, Kangaroo Point, Kareela, Kirrawee, Miranda, Oyster Bay, Sylvania, Sylvania Waters, Taren Point and parts of Caringbah and Sutherland. History Created in 1971, Miranda had traditionally been a electorate, being won by only at landslide elections, two under Neville Wran in 1978 and 1981, and again under Bob Carr in 1999 and 2003. According to ABC psephologist Antony Green, the seat should have been recovered by the Liberals in 2007 but was narrowly retained by Labor. On a margin of 0.8 percent it was the Labor government's most marginal seat. In 2011 the Liberals won government in a landslide, and the seat of Miranda on a very safe 21.0 percent margin, with 39 seats held by the Coalition on smaller margins. The seat was made vacant following the resignation of Liberal MP Graham Annesley. The 2013 Miranda by-election was conducted on 19 October, Labor's Barry Collier won the seat with a two-party swing of 26 percent in the largest by-election swing in the state's history. He did not stand for re-election at the 2015 NSW State election and the seat was subsequently won by the Liberal Party's Eleni Petinos. Members for Miranda Election results References Miranda 1971 establishments in Australia Miranda

4047668

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Holt%20%28field%20hockey%29

Stephen Holt (field hockey)

Stephen Harris Holt (born 1974 in Darwin, Northern Territory) is a former field hockey defender and midfielder from Australia, who was a member of the team that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He was nicknamed Shaggy by his teammates. He now resides in Yankalilla South Australia where he spends time with his family and competes in the local hockey competition and mentors young aspiring players to follow in his footsteps. References Profile on Hockey Australia External links 1974 births Living people Australian male field hockey players Olympic field hockey players for Australia Olympic bronze medalists for Australia Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics 1998 Men's Hockey World Cup players Sportspeople from Darwin, Northern Territory Olympic medalists in field hockey Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia Field hockey players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Sportsmen from the Northern Territory

4047669

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nannophrys

Nannophrys

Nannophrys is a genus of frogs endemic to Sri Lanka. It used to be placed in the large frog family Ranidae but a phylogenetic study was undertaken using DNA sequences and it is now included in the family Dicroglossidae. They are sometimes known under the common name streamlined frogs. Ecology Nannophrys species are flat-bodied frogs that are adapted to live among narrow, horizontal rock crevices near clear-water streams. Species Four species are placed in the genus: Nannophrys ceylonensis Günther, 1869 †Nannophrys guentheri Boulenger, 1882 (extinct) Nannophrys marmorata Kirtisinghe, 1946 Nannophrys naeyakai Fernando, Wickramasinghe, and Rodrigo, 2007 References Dicroglossidae Amphibians of Asia Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka Amphibian genera Taxa named by Albert Günther

4047670

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Monaro

Electoral district of Monaro

Monaro, also known as Maneroo (1856–1858), Monara (1858–1879) and Manaro (1894–1904) is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is currently represented by Steve Whan of the Labor party since the 2023 New South Wales state election. Monaro is a regional district in the south of the state. It encompasses the Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council and Snowy Monaro Regional Council. Its significant population centres include Queanbeyan, Bungendore, Braidwood, Cooma, Bombala, Captains Flat, Nimmitabel, Delegate, Bredbo, Michelago, Berridale, Jindabyne and Adaminaby. History The electorate was created in 1856 for the First Parliament under the name Maneroo, derived from an Aboriginal name for the area, now spelt Monaro. It was renamed Monara for the second Parliament in February 1858. The spelling was changed to Monaro from 1877 until 1894. It elected two members between 1880 and 1894. In 1894, single-member electorates were introduced statewide and part of the electorate, (including Bombala), was absorbed into Eden-Bombala. At this time the spelling was changed to Manaro. The 1903 New South Wales referendum required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90, the district was expanded to include parts of Queanbeyan and the abolished seat of Eden-Bombala and the spelling reverted to Monaro. In 1913, it absorbed much of the electoral district of Queanbeyan, including Queanbeyan, which is its major city. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Goulburn, along with Monaro. It was recreated in 1927. Nationals member Nichole Overall made history in 2022 by being elected as the first female representative of the Monaro. Overall's husband was previously mayor of the City of Queanbeyan. Members for Monaro Election results References Monaro Monaro 1858 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1858 1920 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1920 1927 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1927

4047672

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Mulgoa

Electoral district of Mulgoa

Mulgoa was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. Mulgoa includes the suburbs of Abbotsbury, Austral, Badgerys Creek, Cecil Hills, Cecil Park, Eastern Creek, Elizabeth Hills, Erskine Park, Glenmore Park, Horsley Park, Kemps Creek, Luddenham, Middleton Grange, Mount Vernon, Mulgoa, Orchard Hills, Regentville, St Clair, Wallacia and West Hoxton. Mulgoa was originally created 1988, but was abolished in 1991, when it was largely replaced by Badgerys Creek. It was recreated in 1999, largely replacing Badgerys Creek. As a result of a redistribution in 2021, Mulgoa will once again be abolished at the 2023 election, replaced by a new incarnation of Badgerys Creek. Members for Mulgoa Election results References Mulgoa Mulgoa 1988 establishments in Australia Mulgoa 1991 disestablishments in Australia Mulgoa 1999 establishments in Australia 2023 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 2023

4047675

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Murray-Darling

Electoral district of Murray-Darling

Murray-Darling is a former electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It included Urana Shire, Jerilderie Shire, Berrigan Shire, Murray Shire, Conargo Shire, Deniliquin Council, Wakool Shire, Hay Shire, Balranald Shire, Wentworth Shire, part of Carrathool Shire (including Goolgowi and Merriwagga), Central Darling Shire, the City of Broken Hill and the Unincorporated Far West. History Murray-Darling was created in 1999 from a merger of the Electoral district of Broken Hill and part of the Electoral district of Murray. In 2015, the southern parts of the electorate were absorbed into the new Electoral district of Murray and the northern parts (the City of Broken Hill, the Central Darling Shire and the Unincorporated Far West were absorbed into the Electoral district of Barwon. Members for Murray-Darling Election results References External links Former electoral districts of New South Wales 1999 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1999 2015 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 2015

4047679

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Wyong

Electoral district of Wyong

Wyong is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. The district is a 640.55 km² urban and semi-rural electorate on the Central Coast. It covers part of Central Coast Council, including the towns of Wyong and Toukley. History Wyong was originally established in 1962. In 1973, it was replaced by Munmorah and a redistricted Gosford. In 1988, a recreated Wyong and The Entrance replaced Tuggerah. In 2011 local businessman Darren Webber won the seat, becoming the first Liberal MP for Wyong, gaining a 9.5% swing. Former MP David Harris regained the seat for Labor in 2015. Members for Wyong Election results References External links Wyong 1962 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1962 1973 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1973 1988 establishments in Australia Wyong City of Lake Macquarie

4047680

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Wollongong

Electoral district of Wollongong

Wollongong is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Paul Scully of the Labor Party. Since a redistribution in 2013, it has covered an area of 79.25 square kilometres and includes the localities of Berkeley, Coachwood Park, Coniston, Cordeaux Heights, Corrimal, Cringila, Fairy Meadow, Farmborough Chase, Farmborough Heights, Figtree, Gwynneville, Kembla Grange, Kembla Heights, Kemblawarra, Lake Heights, Lindsay Heights, Mangerton, Mount Kembla, Mount Saint Thomas, North Wollongong, Port Kembla, Primbee, Spring Hill, Towradgi, Unanderra, Warrawong, West Wollongong, Windang, Wollongong. In August 2016, Noreen Hay resigned from the Legislative Assembly triggering a third by-election to be held on 12 November 2016, the other two being Canterbury and Orange. Scully won the by-election, retaining the seat for the Labor party. History Wollongong was created in 1904, replacing parts of Woronora and Illawarra. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Wollondilly, along with Allowrie. In 1927, with the abolition of proportional representation, it was recreated, along with a new Illawarra electorate. In 1930, it was replaced by Bulli. In 1941, a new electorate of Wollongong-Kembla was created. This was split into Wollongong and Kembla in 1968. Wollongong has rarely been won by the right wing party and in recent decades has become one of Labor's safest seats. Members for Wollongong Election results References Wollongong Wollongong 1904 establishments in Australia Wollongong 1920 disestablishments in Australia Wollongong 1927 establishments in Australia Wollongong 1930 disestablishments in Australia Wollongong 1968 establishments in Australia

4047682

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Willoughby

Electoral district of Willoughby

Willoughby is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It has been represented by Tim James of the Liberal Party since 12 February 2022. History Willoughby was an electoral district of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, first created in 1894 with the abolition of multi-member electoral districts from part of St Leonards, and named after and including the Sydney suburb of Willoughby. It was abolished in 1904 and re-established in 1913. In 1920 with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into the multi-member electorate of Ryde along with Burwood and Gordon. It was recreated in 1927 with the return to single-member electorates. It was abolished in 1988, with most of its territory becoming Middle Harbour. In 1991, Middle Harbour was abolished and replaced by a recreated Willoughby. Like most seats in the North Shore, Willoughby is a stronghold for the Liberal Party. Counting its time as Middle Harbour, the Liberals or their predecessors have held the seat for all but two terms since the return to single-member seats in 1927. The one break in this tradition came in the "Wranslide" of 1978, when a split in the Liberal vote allowed 's Eddie Britt to sweep into office. However, a redistribution ahead of the 1981 election erased Britt's majority and made Willoughby notionally Liberal. Britt narrowly lost to future state opposition leader Peter Collins even in the face of the second "Wranslide." The seat reverted to form in 1984, with Collins easily seeing off Britt in a rematch. Since then, Labor has usually run dead in Willoughby, and on some occasions has been pushed into third place. The only time the Liberal hold on the seat has been seriously threatened since the 1980s came on Collins' retirement in 2003. Pat Reilly, the longtime mayor of the City of Willoughby, ran as an independent and nearly defeated Liberal Gladys Berejiklian on Labor preferences. The swing against the Liberals was large enough to drop the Liberal margin over Labor to 7.2 percent, the closest in two decades. However, Berejiklian easily dispatched Reilly in a rematch and has held the seat without serious difficulty ever since. Willoughby is one of four electorates in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly to have been held by two Premiers of New South Wales while in office. Both Premiers (Sir) Charles Wade and Gladys Berejiklian held Willoughby while in office, the other three electorates being Ku-ring-gai, Maroubra and Wollondilly. Berejiklian has facts in common with her predecessor in Willoughby, Collins in that both had served as state Liberal leaders and prior to that served as Deputy Liberal leader and Treasurer although unlike Collins, Berejiklian held the positions of Deputy Liberal leader and Treasurer simultaneously. Members for Willoughby Election results References External links Willoughby 1894 establishments in Australia Willoughby 1904 disestablishments in Australia Willoughby 1913 establishments in Australia Willoughby 1920 disestablishments in Australia Willoughby 1927 establishments in Australia Willoughby 1988 disestablishments in Australia Willoughby 1991 establishments in Australia Willoughby

4047683

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Ellis

James Ellis

James Ellis may refer to: Arts and entertainment James G. Ellis (composer) (1880–1966), American violinist, silent film theater pioneer, and composer James Ellis (actor) (1931–2014), British actor James Ellis (musician), British rock guitarist and record producer Politics and law James Ellis (antiquary) (1763–1830), English lawyer and antiquary James Ellis (British politician) (1829–1901), British MP for Bosworth 1885–1892 James Ellis (Australian politician) (1843–1930), Australian politician James A. Ellis (1864–1934), mayor of Ottawa James L. Ellis, California state legislator James M. Ellis, lawyer and state legislator in West Virginia James F. Ellis (1870–1937), Canadian physician and politician Others James Ellis (footballer) (fl. 1892), Scottish footballer Mooney Ellis (James Ellis, born 1896), American baseball player James H. Ellis (1924–1997), British engineer and cryptographer James G. Ellis (born 1947), American academic; dean of the Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern California James O. Ellis (born 1947), U.S. Navy admiral See also Jim Ellis (disambiguation) Jimmy Ellis (disambiguation)

4047685

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Wentworthville

Electoral district of Wentworthville

Wentworthville was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, first created in 1962. The seat was absorbed into surrounding electorates in a redistribution prior to the 1991 election and recreated in the redistribution prior to the 1999 election. At the 2003 election, Pam Allan won the seat with 54% of the first preference votes. This was a marginal improvement over the 1999 election. It was abolished again for the 2007 election, with the larger part of it going to the new electoral district of Toongabbie. Between 2003 and 2007, the electorate covers 21,589 km2, taking in suburbs from several local government areas including Girraween, Greystanes, Northmead, Pendle Hill, Toongabbie, Winston Hills, Wentworthville and part of Prospect. Members Election results References External links Former electoral districts of New South Wales 1962 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1962 1991 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1991 1999 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1999 2007 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 2007

4047688

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Wakehurst

Electoral district of Wakehurst

The Electoral district of Wakehurst is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It covers a significant part of Sydney's Northern Beaches as well as parts of the Forest District. Created in 1962, it has been won by the Liberal Party at all but three elections over the last half-century. History The seat of Wakehurst was created in the August 1961 electoral redistribution, with its territory drawn partly from the seats of Manly and Collaroy. First contested at the 1962 state election, Wakehurst was named in honour of the popular long-serving Governor of New South Wales from 1937 to 1946, Lord Wakehurst. It was held by the Liberal Party from its creation until the 1978 election, when it was won by the Labor Party as part of the first Wranslide. Although the seat is historically Liberal, Labor held the seat until the 1984 election, when the Liberals retook the seat. The seat was first won in 1962 by Dick Healey of the Liberal Party. He moved to the new seat of Davidson in 1971. He served as a minister in the Coalition state government from 1973 to 1976, and retired in 1981. Wakehurst was won in 1971 by Allan Viney. He held the seat until his defeat in 1978 by the ALP's Tom Webster. Webster was re-elected at the 1981 election but was defeated in 1984 by Liberal candidate John Booth. Booth held the seat until 1991, when he lost preselection to Brad Hazzard. Hazzard joined the Coalition shadow frontbench after the 1995 election, and served as a minister in the O'Farrell, Baird, Berejiklian and Perrottet governments. Hazzard retired at the 2023 NSW election, when the Mayor of Northern Beaches Council, Michael Regan, won the seat as an independent candidate. Members for Wakehurst Election results References External links Wakehurst 1962 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1962 Northern Beaches

4047689

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Wagga%20Wagga

Electoral district of Wagga Wagga

Wagga Wagga is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. The district has been held by MP Joe McGirr since the September 2018 by-election. Wagga Wagga is a regional electorate. It entirely covers two local government areas: the City of Wagga Wagga and Lockhart Shire. It also covers part of the Snowy Valleys Council, which was established following the merger of Tumut Shire and Tumbarumba Shire. History Wagga Wagga was created in 1894. In 1920, Wagga Wagga, Albury and Corowa was absorbed into Murray and elected three members under proportional representation. When proportional representation was replaced by single-member electorates in 1927, Wagga Wagga was recreated, with Matthew Kilpatrick, the Country Party candidate, winning the October election. According to the Wagga Daily Advertiser, it was a decisive vote against the continuance of the Labor government led by Jack Lang. Labor regained the seat in its 1941 landslide, holding it until the Liberals took it back in 1957. It remained safely Liberal for most of the last half-century, despite being located in the midst of an area considered Country/ National heartland. This tradition was broken in 2018, when longtime Liberal member Daryl Maguire was forced out of politics due to a corruption scandal. At the ensuring by-election, the Liberal primary vote almost halved, allowing independent Joe McGirr to take the seat on 59.6 percent of the two-candidate vote. Although Labor was knocked down to third place on the primary vote, the swing against the Liberals was large enough to make Wagga Wagga a notional Labor seat in a "traditional" two-party matchup with the Liberals. McGirr retained the seat with an increased majority at the 2019 state election, with the Liberals standing down in favour of the Nationals. Unlike the preceding by-election, the National candidate won the notional "traditional" two-party matchup with Labor. Members for Wagga Wagga Election results References Wagga Wagga Wagga Wagga 1894 establishments in Australia Wagga Wagga 1920 disestablishments in Australia Wagga Wagga 1927 establishments in Australia

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Vaucluse

Electoral district of Vaucluse

Vaucluse is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, located east of Sydney CBD. The electorate gets its name from the suburb of Vaucluse in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs. Vaucluse is one of two original (post 1927 redistribution) electorates to have never been held by the opposing party and always by the Liberal Party or its predecessors, the other district being Hornsby. It has been represented in the past by former Leaders of the Opposition Murray Robson and Peter Debnam of the Liberal Party. Members for Vaucluse Election results References External links Vaucluse

4047693

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wihtburh

Wihtburh

Wihtburh (also Withburga or Withburge; died 743) was an East Anglian saint, princess and abbess. According to tradition, she was the youngest daughter of Anna, king of the East Angles, but Virginia Blanton has suggested that the royal connection was probably a fabrication. One story says that the Virgin Mary sent a pair of female deer to provide milk for Wihtburh's workers during the construction of her convent at Dereham, in Norfolk. When a local official attempted to hunt down the does, he was thrown from his horse and killed. Withburh died in 743 and was buried at Dereham. Her body was said to be uncorrupted by age or decay when her tomb was opened half a century after her death, and the church and the tomb subsequently became a place of pilgrimage. When her relics were stolen on the orders of the abbot of Ely Abbey, the remains were re-interred at Ely next to her sisters Æthelthryth and Seaxburh. In 1106, Withburh's body was again examined and found to be intact. Wihtburh’s cult in Eastern England, which was never large, was closely linked with that of her sister Æthelthryth. It was suppressed during the Reformation in the 1540s, and her relics were all destroyed. Family Wihtburh was supposedly one of the daughters of Anna of East Anglia, a son of Eni, a member of the Wuffingas dynasty, and a nephew of Rædwald, king of the East Angles from 600 to 625. East Anglia was an early and long-lived Anglo-Saxon kingdom that corresponds with the modern English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. Due to their rivalry for control over the Middle Anglian people, East Anglia and its neighbour Mercia probably became hereditary enemies, and Mercia's king Penda repeatedly attacked the East Angles from the mid-630s to 654. The sources for information about Wihtburh's family and the life and reign of Anna include the Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical History of the English People), completed in Northumbria by the English monk Bede in 731, and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which dates the from 9th century. The Liber Eliensis, written at Ely in the 12th century, also provides information about Anna and his daughters. Wihtburh is not mentioned by Bede, whose writings about her elder sisters Seaxburh of Ely, Æthelthryth, Æthelburh of Faremoutiers and Sæthryth, her older half-sister, indicate that he was well-informed about the family. References to Wihtburh first appear in 10th and 11th century records, and the medievalist Virginia Blanton has suggested that the connection between Wihtburh and the family of Anna is likely to be a fabrication, invented to enhance the status of Ely Abbey. Legend of the does After the death of her father in , Wihtburh built a convent in Dereham, Norfolk. In the hagiographical account of Æthelthryth's life in the , Wihtburh is said to have "voluntarily elected to live in solitude near Dereham". A traditional story relates that while she was building the convent, she had nothing but dry bread to give to the workmen. She prayed to the Virgin Mary and was told to send her maids to a local well each morning. There they found two wild does that were gentle enough to be milked, and so provided a nutritious drink for the workers. According to the story, a local official did not approve of the miracle, and decided to hunt down the does with his dogs and prevent them from coming to be milked. He was punished for this cruelty when he was thrown from his horse and broke his neck. The legend is commemorated in the town sign in the centre of Dereham. The original sign, which was made in 1954 by Harry Carter and boys from Hamond's Grammar School, was replaced in 2004 by a fibreglass replica. Death and veneration at Dereham Wihtburh died at a great age in 743, and was buried at Dereham. The historian Barbara Yorke has commented on this date for Wihtburh's death, stating that it is "rather late for a daughter of Anna". Wihtburh is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle annal for 799, in an addition to the original text that was written after the Norman Conquest of 1066: The incorruptibility of Wihtburh's body was considered a miracle and her remains were re-interred in the church which she had built in Dereham. The church and the tomb became a place of pilgrimage. The large church at Dereham has a chapel dedicated to Wihtburh, and a plan that, according to the historian Tim Pestell, "is possibly indicative of its former status". Removal to Ely In 974, Brithnoth, the abbot of Ely, accompanied by monks and armed men, travelled to Dereham with the intention of taking Wihtburh's body by force. They organised a feast for the townspeople as a diversion tactic. After waiting until the Dereham men were properly drunk, Brithnoth stole Wihtburh's body and set off during the night for the Isle of Ely. After discovering the theft, the people of Dereham set off after the tomb-robbers, who were attacked at Brandon by the townspeople. Using their knowledge of the Fens to evade their pursuers, Brithnoth and his men successfully reached Ely, and Wihtburh's remains were re-interred there. When the Dereham men returned home, they discovered that a spring had arisen in Wihtburh's tomb. Saints' cults were a feature of Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England, and their remains attracted benefactions. Smaller monasteries may not have been able to resist the requests of places like Ely to acquire their relics, which accounts for the theft of the remains of Wihtburh in 974. The story of the theft, which appeared in the , was taken from an earlier Life of the saint. The abbey attempted to relate the story as an "appropriate holy sacrilege", which gave her honour, as she was being laid to rest close to the remains of her older sister, Æthelthryth. At the site of Wihtburh's tomb outside the west end of the town's parish church, there is the remains of a holy well associated with the saint, which according to her legend rose on the site of her grave after her body had been stolen. Of a second spring, located further west and called Wihtburh's Well, which was recorded in the 18th century, no remains exist. Wihtburh's interment at Ely is first recorded in the Hyde Register, an 11th century list of the burial places of English saints. A sentence of the text of the register, now kept in the British Library as MS Stowe 944, reads: According to the register, she was placed near Æthelthryth, Sexburga, and Ermenilda, Sexburga's daughter. In 1106, when their remains were moved closer to the main altar, the bodies of Wihtburh and her sisters were publicly displayed before a group of bishops, abbots, and clergymen, including Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury. It was found that the body of Æthelthryth had been preserved and that Wihtburh was so conserved but that her limbs were flexible, her cheeks were rosy, and her breasts were firm, a sign of her body's vitality, youthfulness and "burgeoning productivity". The description of her life and miraculous incorruptibility closely follows that of Æthelthryth, who was also a virgin who founded an East Anglian monastery. According to Blanton, "the prominence of the tombs [of Wihtburh and other members of her family at Ely] demonstrated that kinship was an important ideological construct that needed to be presented visually". This, and the family's inclusion in texts such the , "indicated a complementary focus on the strength and cohesion of this holy family as the cornerstone of the monastery's history". Other documents originating from the abbey show that the cults of Wihtburh and her sisters Æthelthryth and Seaxburh formed part of what the historian Virginia Blanton describes as Ely's "ideology of kinship". Ely strove to promote and enhance itself as a place renowned for its holiness and connections with the East Anglian royal family, something that was achieved by placing the royal tombs of Wihtburh and her sisters in close proximity, and documenting that the daughters of Anna were abbesses at Ely. The relics of the sisters were all destroyed during the Reformation; no trace of the royal tombs, including that of Wihtburh, now exists. Dissemination of the legend The process by which the story of Wihtburh was disseminated is not known for certain. Between 1325 and 1340, the English chronicler John of Tynemouth included the of the Ely saints, including Wihtburh, in his . The work was enlarged during the 15th century and a revised edition printed in English by Wynkyn de Worde in 1516 and translated into English by Richard Pynson the same year. Wihtburh is included as "St Withburge" in The Lives of Women Saints of our Contrie of England, also Some Other Liues of Holie Women Written by Some of the Auncient Fathers, written during the first half of the 1610s. The story of Wihtburh appears only to have been influential at a local level; four images depict Wihtburh (as well as Æthelthryth) on Norfolk church rood screens. According to Blanton, the depiction of the sisters together in these churches "was a result of, if not a directive of, Ely's narrative history". The localized concentration of images suggests that Wihtburh's cult was never large, and was closely linked with the cult associated with her more illustrious sister, Æthelthryth. Notes References Sources Further reading Primary sources External links Venerable Withburgh (Withburga) of Dereham from Orthodox Christianity St. Withburga of Dereham, Virgin (Withburge, Witburh) from CelticSaints Record of a pilgrim badge associated with Wihtburh's cult, kept at the British Museum 7th-century Christian saints 8th-century Christian saints 743 deaths Anglo-Saxon royalty East Anglian saints Anglo-Saxon nuns Burials at Ely Cathedral Incorrupt saints Year of birth unknown Female saints of medieval England 8th-century English nuns 7th-century English nuns 7th-century Christian nuns People from Norfolk

4047696

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain%20%28musical%20project%29

Pain (musical project)

Pain (typeset as PAIN) is a musical project from Sweden that mixes heavy metal with influences from electronic music and techno. The project started out as a hobby project for frontman Peter Tägtgren, whose idea was to fuse heavy metal with 1980s-inspired electro-industrial and techno influences. Tägtgren, who is also the vocalist/guitarist of Hypocrisy and producer of his own The Abyss studios, is the only current member. History Pain's self-titled debut was released in 1997, and since then Pain has released six more albums and a DVD. Starting with their second, all of Pain's albums have made the Swedish charts, thanks in large part to hit singles such as "End of the Line", "Shut Your Mouth", and "Same Old Song". In early February 2006, Blabbermouth.net reported that Pain had signed with Roadrunner Records. Currently, Pain is under the Nuclear Blast Records banner. In 2008, Pain was on tour as a supporting performer for the Finnish symphonic power metal band Nightwish. During this tour singer Peter Tägtgren, drummer David Wallin, and bassist Johan Husgafvel were assaulted by a gang in Leipzig. Tägtgren received 10 stitches in his face, Wallin suffered a concussion and stitches to his head, and Husgafvel had his nose broken. Pain supported Nightwish on the second half of their Dark Passion Play World Tour, along with Finnish pop rock band Indica, beginning with the first show in London, UK on 11 March 2009. Pain released their seventh album, You Only Live Twice, on 3 June 2011 via Nuclear Blast. They released their eighth studio album entitled Coming Home on 9 September 2016. Discography Studio albums Singles Video albums Music videos Members Current members Peter Tägtgren – vocals, all instruments on CD (1996–present) Current touring musicians David Wallin – drums (2003–present) Jonathan Olsson – bass (2016–present) Sebastian Svalland – guitars (2019–present) Former touring musicians Yngve "Saroth" Liljebäck – bass (1999-2005) Mathias Kamijo – guitars (1999-2003) Reidar "Horgh" Horghagen – drums (1999-2003) Andrea Odendahl – guitars (2003-2007) Alla Fedynitch – bass (2005-2007) Marcus Jidell – guitars (2007) André Skaug – bass (2007/2011) René Sebastian – guitars (2007) Michael Bohlin – guitars (2007–2016) Johan Husgafvel – bass (2007–2016) Greger Andersson – guitars (2016–2019) References External links Musical groups established in 1997 Swedish industrial metal musical groups Swedish heavy metal musical groups Swedish alternative metal musical groups Nuclear Blast artists Electronic rock musical groups Metal Mind Productions artists

4047697

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Upper%20Hunter

Electoral district of Upper Hunter

Upper Hunter is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. The seat is currently held by Dave Layzell for the National Party after he was elected at a by-election to replace Michael Johnsen. Upper Hunter covers the entirety of Dungog Shire, Muswellbrook Shire, Upper Hunter Shire, Liverpool Plains Shire (excluding the area around Werris Creek), the northern half of Singleton Shire (including Singleton itself), northeastern Mid-Western Regional Council (including Bylong) and part of Mid-Coast Council. History In 1859, Upper Hunter replaced the Electoral district of Phillip, Brisbane and Bligh, established in the first Parliament in 1856. It had two members from 1880 to 1894. It was abolished in 1894 and largely replaced by Robertson and Singleton. In 1904 Robertson was abolished and Upper Hunter was recreated. It was abolished from 1920 with the introduction of proportional representation, but was recreated in 1927. Upper Hunter is one of three electorates to have never been held by the Labor Party and always by the conservative side of politics since the abolition of proportional representation in 1927, the other two being Tamworth and Oxley. The Nationals have held the district without interruption since 1931. Members for Upper Hunter First incarnation 1856–1894 Second incarnation 1904–1920 Third incarnation 1927–present Election results References Electoral districts of New South Wales 1859 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1859 1894 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1894 1904 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1904 1920 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1920 1927 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1927 Dungog Shire Mid-Coast Council Muswellbrook Shire Singleton Council Upper Hunter Shire

4047698

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanorana

Nanorana

Nanorana is a genus of dicroglossid frogs. They are found in Asia, from the Himalayan region of northern Pakistan and northern India, Nepal, and western China east to montane southern China and southeast to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and northern Vietnam. Common names of these frogs reflect the complex taxonomic history of the genus (see below) and include Yunnan slow frogs (or simply slow frogs) and High Himalaya frogs (for the now-synonymized genus Altirana). Taxonomy The taxonomy of true frogs and their allies has been subject to numerous changes during the last decade and is not yet fully settled. Nanorana in particular has seen big changes. As currently delineated, Nanorana is a quite large genus with 28 species, resulting from considering Chaparana, Paa, and Feirana as junior synonyms. Currently these taxa may be recognized as subgenera, but their delineation is not entirely settled and not all species have been assigned to subgenera. Note, however, that species at one point placed in these (sub)genera might currently be placed also in genera other than Nanorana (Quasipaa, Ombrana, and Allopaa). Species The following species are recognised in the genus Nanorana: References Dicroglossidae Amphibian genera Amphibians of Asia Taxa named by Albert Günther

4047700

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Tweed

Electoral district of Tweed

Tweed is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Geoff Provest of The Nationals. It is located in the Tweed Valley and eastern Tweed Shire, including Tweed Heads, Kingscliff, Fingal Head, Chinderah, Cudgen, Bogangar, Pottsville and Burringbar. History Tweed was first created with the end of multi-member districts in 1894. In 1904, it was abolished with the reduction in the size of the Legislative Assembly, after Federation. The region was part of Richmond from 1904 to 1913, Byron from 1913 until 1988 when the district was renamed Murwillumbah. In 1999 the district was renamed Tweed. Members for Tweed Election results References Tweed 1894 establishments in Australia Tweed 1904 disestablishments in Australia Tweed 1999 establishments in Australia Tweed Tweed Heads, New South Wales

4047702

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20The%20Entrance

Electoral district of The Entrance

The Entrance is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly located on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia. The Entrance represents the towns and suburbs of Bateau Bay, Berkeley Vale, Blue Bay, Fountaindale, Glenning Valley, Kangy Angy, Killarney Vale, Lisarow, Long Jetty, Mount Elliot, Niagara Park, Ourimbah, Shelly Beach, Somersby, The Entrance, The Entrance North, Toowoon Bay, Tuggerah, Tumbi Umbi and Wyoming. Members for The Entrance Election results References The Entrance 1988 establishments in Australia The Entrance Central Coast (New South Wales)

4047705

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Tamworth

Electoral district of Tamworth

Tamworth is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by the Honourable Kevin Anderson MP of the National Party. In 2019 Anderson was sworn in as the Minister for Better Regulation & Innovation, with additional responsibility for Thoroughbred, Greyhound and Harness Racing codes in New South Wales. Tamworth covers the entirety of Tamworth Regional Council, Gunnedah Shire, Walcha Shire and a small part of Liverpool Plains Shire around Werris Creek. History Tamworth was created in 1880 and it elected two members between 1891 and 1894. In 1894, with the abolition of multi-member electorates, new electorates were established such as Quirindi, Bingara and Uralla-Walcha, and Tamworth became a single-member electorate. Proportional representation was introduced in 1920 and Tamworth, along with Gwydir, was absorbed into Namoi. In 1927 single-member electorates were re-established, including Tamworth. Members for Tamworth First incarnation 1880–1920 Second incarnation 1927–present Election results References Tamworth 1880 establishments in Australia Tamworth 1920 disestablishments in Australia Tamworth 1927 establishments in Australia Tamworth New England (New South Wales)

4047707

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Swansea

Electoral district of Swansea

Swansea is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Hunter and Central Coast regions of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Yasmin Catley of the Labor Party. Swansea is situated between Lake Macquarie and the Pacific Ocean in eastern City of Lake Macquarie and northeastern Central Coast Council. It includes Swansea and extends as far north as Valentine, Belmont North and Jewells and as far south as San Remo and Budgewoi. Swansea was created in 1981 and has usually been held by Labor. Members for Swansea Election results References Swansea Swansea Electoral District of Swansea City of Lake Macquarie

4047710

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Southern%20Highlands

Electoral district of Southern Highlands

Southern Highlands was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1988 to 2007, named after the Southern Highlands. It was replaced by a recreated Goulburn electorate. Members for Southern Highlands Election results References Former electoral districts of New South Wales 1988 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1988 Constituencies disestablished in 2007 2007 disestablishments in Australia

4047711

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederentzen

Niederentzen

Niederentzen () is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. Geography The village of Niederentzen was established between the Vosges and the Rhine on the left bank of the Ill, at an altitude of 205 meters. It has an area of 8.81 square kilometres. It stretches between the Forest of the Thur and the vestiges of the . The wooded area is and is assigned to agriculture. The local climate is characterized by weak precipitation, 539 mm per annum on average, and an average annual temperature of 10.2 °C. History In this area a place called "Giessen" was discovered, along with tombs, jewels and ceramics dating from the first period of the Iron Age to the end of the Bronze Age. The name (Nidern Enszheim 1276) is a contraction of "Nieder-Ensisheim" ("Nieder": lower). Niederentzen and Oberentzen were originally a single holding. In the thirteenth century, this holding was dissociated and Niederentzen became part of the territory of Murbach Abbey. In 1358, the village was taken by the Habsburgs, who gave it first to the lords of Hattstatt, and then, on their extinction (1585), to the Swiss noble family of Truchsess von Rheinfelden. Jean-Melchior Truchsess von Rheinfelden, who died in 1699, returned the property to the church. After the French Revolution, Niederentzen became part of Ensisheim. During the nineteenth century, the American businessman Henri Castro offered lands in the state of Texas. Some inhabitants of Niederentzen responded and settled in Castroville and D'Hanis. This second city is currently twinned with Niederentzen; a portion of the village bears its name. Coat of arms The coat of arms of the village of Niederentzen was created in 1978 by M. Lucien Bilger, then mayor of the commune. It combines elements of the armorial bearings of the Hattstatt lords and the Truchsess nobles, illustrating the history of the village. Administration Demographics See also Communes of the Haut-Rhin department References External links Town's official site (French) Communes of Haut-Rhin

4047713

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20South%20Coast

Electoral district of South Coast

South Coast is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It incorporates almost all of the City of Shoalhaven to the south of the Shoalhaven River, notably Nowra, Ulladulla and Milton. Members for South Coast Election results References External links South Coast Constituencies established in 1927 1927 establishments in Australia

4047715

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Smithfield

Electoral district of Smithfield

Smithfield was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1988 to 2015. It was abolished in 2015 and largely replaced by Prospect. Members for Smithfield Election results References External links Smithfield 1988 establishments in Australia Smithfield 2015 disestablishments in Australia Smithfield

4047717

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Ryde

Electoral district of Ryde

Ryde is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It includes the suburbs and localities of Denistone, Denistone East, Denistone West, Macquarie Park, Marsfield, Meadowbank, Melrose Park, Ryde, North Ryde, West Ryde; and parts of Eastwood and Epping. It is currently represented by Jordan Lane of the Liberal Party. History Ryde was created originally in 1894 with the abolition of multi-member districts, from part of Central Cumberland and named after and including Ryde. It was abolished in 1904 with the downsizing of the Legislative Assembly after Federation, but recreated in 1913. In 1920, the electoral districts of Ryde, Burwood, Drummoyne, Gordon and Willoughby were combined to create a new incarnation of Ryde, which elected five members by proportional representation. This was replaced by single member electorates, including Ryde, Burwood, Drummoyne, Eastwood, Gordon and Willoughby for the 1927 election. Ryde was abolished in 1968, being partly replaced by Yaralla and Fuller. In 1981 Ryde was recreated from the part of the abolished district of Yaralla north of the Parramatta River and part of the abolished district of Fuller. In 1991, Ryde was abolished again, but in 1999, Gladesville and Eastwood were abolished and largely replaced by a fourth incarnation of Ryde and Epping. In its previous incarnations, Ryde was a marginal seat that frequently traded hands between and the conservative parties. In its current incarnation, Ryde was originally a safe Labor seat before a massive swing to the Liberals at a 2008 by-election made it a safe Liberal seat. Dominello currently holds it with a majority of 11.5 percent. On 17 August 2022, Dominello announced his plan to retire at the upcoming state election. At the election in March, the Liberal candidate, Jordan Lane, won by a two-party preferred margin of 50 votes. The result was so close, a recount was held on 15 April which increased Lane's margin to 54 votes. Members for Ryde Election results References External links Electoral districts of New South Wales 1894 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1894 1904 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1904 1913 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1913 1968 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1968 1981 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1981 1991 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 1991 1999 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1999

4047719

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Rockdale

Electoral district of Rockdale

Rockdale is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. Suburbs within the electoral district include Arncliffe, Banksia, Bardwell Park, Bardwell Valley, Beverley Park, Bexley, Bexley North, Brighton-Le-Sands, Dolls Point, Earlwood, Kogarah, Kogarah Bay, New South Wales, Kyeemagh, Monterey, Ramsgate, Ramsgate Beach, Rockdale, Sandrigham, Sans Souci, Turella and Wolli Creek. It is represented by Steve Kamper of the Labor Party. History Rockdale electoral district was first created in 1927, with the breakup of the multi-member St George. In 1930, it was abolished and largely replaced by Arncliffe. Rockdale Council sought a new electorate for Rockdale as early as 1937. In 1941, Arncliffe was abolished and replaced by a recreated Rockdale and Cook's River. Members for Rockdale Election results References Rockdale Constituencies established in 1927 Constituencies disestablished in 1930 1927 establishments in Australia 1930 disestablishments in Australia 1941 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1941

4047721

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Port%20Stephens

Electoral district of Port Stephens

Port Stephens is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Kate Washington of the Labor Party. Port Stephens includes most of the Port Stephens LGA (excluding and ), and parts of southern Mid-Coast Council (including Hawks Nest and Tea Gardens). History Port Stephens was created in 1988, partly replacing Gloucester. Members for Port Stephens Election results References Port Stephens Port Stephens 1988 establishments in Australia Port Stephens Council Politics of Newcastle, New South Wales

4047724

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Port%20Macquarie

Electoral district of Port Macquarie

Port Macquarie is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Leslie Williams of the Liberal Party. It presently includes parts of coastal Port Macquarie-Hastings City Council (including Port Macquarie, Dunbogan, Bonny Hills, Kendall, Kew, Laurieton, North Haven and West Haven) and the northeast of the Mid-Coast Council (including Coopernook, Lansdowne, Moorland, Hannam Vale, Johns River and Stewarts River). Since 1991, the district also includes Lord Howe Island. It is a conservative electorate and has never been held by the Labor Party. History Port Macquarie was created in 1988, replacing Oxley (which was recreated in 1991). It has historically been a comfortably safe seat for the National Party and has remained a centre-right seat for its entire existence. Dating to its time as Oxley, the Port Macquarie area had been held by a conservative party since the return to single-member seats in 1927, and had been in National hands for all but six years since 1945. This tradition was broken in 2002, when three-term National member and shadow minister Rob Oakeshott resigned from the party to become an independent. He was handily reelected as an independent in 2003 and 2007. In 2003, he was returned with 82 percent of the two-party vote, making Port Macquarie the safest seat in the legislature. Oakeshott resigned in 2008 to run in a by-election for the federal seat of Lyne, which was based on Port Macquarie at the time. He was succeeded by longtime friend and staffer Peter Besseling. However, Besseling was swept out by the Nationals' Leslie Williams at the 2011 state election amid the massive National wave that swept through rural NSW that year. This was due in part to voter anger at Oakeshott's support for the minority federal Labor government. Despite Oakeshott's personal popularity, the Port Macquarie area was still National heartland. "Traditional" two-party matchups between the Nationals and Labor during Oakeshott and Besseling's tenures had always shown Port Macquarie as a comfortably safe National seat. Proving this, Williams easily retained Port Macquarie in 2015. Despite suffering a 9.8 percent swing against Labor, she still sits on a majority of 19 percent, making Port Macquarie the sixth-safest National seat and the 17th-safest Coalition seat. In 2020 Williams defected to the Liberals whilst still member for Port Macquarie making it the first time the seat has been held by a Liberal. It marks the second time, after Oakeshott, that a member for Port Macquarie has quit the Nationals whilst holding the seat. Prior to Williams' defection to the Liberals, the Liberal Party had never contested Port Macquarie. As part of the redistribution of electoral districts for the 2023 state election, a proposal was received to move Lord Howe Island back into the electorate of Sydney. However, the NSW Electoral Commission eventually decided to retain the island within the electorate of Port Macquarie, where it has been included since 1991. Members for Port Macquarie Election results References Port Macquarie Port Macquarie 1988 establishments in Australia Mid North Coast

4047725

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Port%20Jackson

Electoral district of Port Jackson

Port Jackson was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was created at the 1991 election, largely from the electorates of Balmain and McKell, and was abolished at the 2007 election being substantially replaced by the recreated electorates of Balmain and Sydney following a redistribution of electoral boundaries completed during 2004. Members Election results References Port Jackson 1991 establishments in Australia Port Jackson 2007 disestablishments in Australia Port Jackson

4047728

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Penrith

Electoral district of Penrith

Penrith is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales since 1973. It is represented by Karen McKeown of the Labor Party. It has been traditionally a safe seat for most of its history but has had times where it has fallen to the Liberal Party. Penrith includes the suburbs of Penrith, Emu Heights, Emu Plains, Glenbrook, Jamisontown, Lapstone, Lemongrove, Leonay, South Penrith and parts of Blaxland, Caddens, Cambridge Park, Castlereagh, Cambridge Gardens, Cranebrook, Kingswood and Werrington. Members for Penrith Election results References Penrith 1973 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1973

4047730

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Peats

Electoral district of Peats

Peats was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1973 to 2007. It was replaced by Gosford for the 2007 state election. Members Election results References Peats 1973 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in 1973 2007 disestablishments in Australia Constituencies disestablished in 2007

4047734

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Orange

Electoral district of Orange

Orange is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is a regional electorate that covers four local government areas in their entirety: the City of Orange, Cabonne Council, Parkes Shire and Forbes Shire. The seat has been held by Philip Donato since a by-election in November 2016. Donato was initially elected as a member of the Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party but resigned in 2022 and became an Independent. History The electorate of Orange was created in 1859. Between 1920 and 1927, Orange and Hartley were absorbed into Bathurst, which elected three members under proportional representation. In 1927, Bathurst, Hartley and Orange were recreated as single-member electorates. The area leans strongly toward the National Party. The Labor Party hasn't held the seat since 1947, although it came close to winning at a 1996 by-election. The Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party won the seat at the 2016 by-election, after Andrew Gee resigned to successfully contest the federal electorate of Calare. Members for Orange First incarnation 1859-1920 Second incarnation 1927- Election results References Electoral districts of New South Wales 1859 establishments in Australia Orange 1920 disestablishments in Australia Orange 1927 establishments in Australia Orange