Datasets:

nikchar

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retrieval_verification_bm25_distilbert

like 0

[ "Dan_Trachtenberg", "10_Cloverfield_Lane", "Dan_I", "The_Very_Best_of_Steely_Dan-COLON-_Do_It_Again", "Dan_Crow" ]

[ "Dan Trachtenberg is an American filmmaker and podcast host . He directed the 2016 film 10 Cloverfield Lane . Trachtenberg was one of three hosts of The Totally Rad Show and a former co-host of Geekdrome . Both programs were hosted at Revision3 . Trachtenberg is also the director of the 2011 short film Portal : No Escape , an episode of Black Mirror entitled `` Playtest '' and the director of various television commercials and public service announcements . ", "10 Cloverfield Lane is a 2016 American science fiction psychological thriller film directed by Dan Trachtenberg , produced by J. J. Abrams and Lindsey Weber and written by Josh Campbell , Matthew Stucken and Damien Chazelle . The film stars John Goodman , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , and John Gallagher , Jr. , and is the second film in the Cloverfield franchise . The film was developed from a script titled The Cellar , but under production by Bad Robot , it was turned into a spiritual successor of the 2008 film Cloverfield . The film follows a young woman who , after a car crash , wakes up in an underground bunker with two men who insist that an event has left the surface of Earth uninhabitable . The film is presented in a third-person narrative , in contrast to its predecessor 's found-footage style . It was released in the United States on March 11 , 2016 , in conventional and IMAX format . The film received positive reviews from critics , with many praising the performances of the cast , as well as the film 's tense and suspenseful atmosphere , and grossed $ 110 million worldwide . ", "Dan I may refer to : Dan I of Wallachia , reigned c. 1383 - 1386 Dan I of Denmark , progenitor of the Danish royal house Dan-I - Disco one hit wonder from 1979 ", "The Very Best of Steely Dan : Do It Again is a compilation album by Steely Dan , released in 1987 . ", "Dan Crow may refer to : Dan Crow -LRB- musician -RRB- , children 's musician Dan Quine -LRB- formerly known as Dan Crow -RRB- , computer scientist previously in charge of Google 's web crawler development and currently CTO of Songkick Dan Crow , pseudonym for author Ernest Aris -LRB- 1882 -- 1963 -RRB- Danny Crow -LRB- born 1986 -RRB- , English footballer " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "James_Brolin", "James_Connelly", "Jim_Geringer", "James_Coburn_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-", "Robert_Rowlette" ]

[ "James Brolin -LRB- -LSB- ˈbroʊlᵻn -RSB- born July 18 , 1940 -RRB- is an American actor , producer , and director , best known for his roles in film and television , including sitcoms and soap operas . He is the father of actor Josh Brolin and husband of singer/actress Barbra Streisand . Among other awards , Brolin has won two Golden Globes and an Emmy . He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on August 27 , 1998 . ", "James Connelly may refer to : James Connelly -LRB- ice hockey -RRB- -LRB- born 1932 -RRB- , Canadian ice hockey player , silver medalist in the 1960 Winter Olympics James Alexander Connelly , Jr -LRB- 1894 -- 1944 -RRB- , American World War I flying ace James Pearse Connelly -LRB- born 1980 -RRB- , production designer , art director , and set decorator ", "James Edward `` Jim '' Geringer -LRB- born April 24 , 1944 -RRB- is an American politician who was the 30th Governor of Wyoming , serving from 1995 to 2003 . ", "James Coburn -LRB- 1928 -- 2002 -RRB- was an American actor and director James Coburn may also refer to : James Coburn -LRB- criminal -RRB- -LRB- 1926 -- 1964 -RRB- , last person to be executed in the US for a crime other than murder Jim Coburn -LRB- born 1944 -RRB- , US politician , 2006 republican nominee for Governor of New Hampshire James Coburn -LRB- Irish politician -RRB- -LRB- 1889 -- 1953 -RRB- , Irish National League / Independent / Fine Gael politician from Louth ", "Robert James Rowlette -LRB- 1873 -- 13 October 1944 -RRB- was an Irish medical doctor and an independent politician . He was later a member of Seanad Éireann . " ]

[ 1, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Chris_Bosh", "NBA_assists_leader", "Stojko_Vranković", "Indiana_Pacers", "Chris_Sheridan_-LRB-sportswriter-RRB-" ]

[ "Christopher Wesson Bosh -LRB- born March 24 , 1984 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- . A high school `` Mr. Basketball '' in Texas , Bosh left college at Georgia Tech after one season with the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men 's basketball team to enter the 2003 NBA draft . He was selected fourth overall by the Toronto Raptors in a draft class that included multiple future NBA superstars such as LeBron James , Dwyane Wade and Carmelo Anthony . While at Toronto , Bosh emerged as one of the young stars in the league ; he became a five-time NBA All-Star , was named to the All-NBA Second Team once , appeared for the U.S. national team -LRB- with whom he won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics -RRB- , and supplanted former fan-favorite Vince Carter as the face and leader of the Raptors franchise . In the 2006 -- 07 season , Bosh led the Raptors to their first NBA Playoffs berth in five years , and their first ever division title . He left Toronto for the Heat in 2010 as its all-time leader in points , rebounds , blocks , double doubles , free throws made and attempted and minutes played . Bosh won his first NBA title after Miami defeated the Oklahoma City Thunder 4 -- 1 in the 2012 NBA Finals . He won his second title in 2013 as the Heat defeated the San Antonio Spurs in the 2013 NBA Finals . Bosh was nicknamed `` CB4 '' by then-Toronto Raptors play-by-play commentator Chuck Swirsky , a combination of Bosh 's initials and then jersey number . Seeking to promote sports and education amongst youths in Dallas and Toronto , Bosh set up the Chris Bosh Foundation and regularly speaks to youths about the benefits of reading . ", "NBA assists leader may refer to : List of National Basketball Association annual assists leaders List of National Basketball Association career assists leaders List of National Basketball Association career playoff assists leaders List of National Basketball Association single-game assists leaders ", "Stojan `` Stojko '' Vranković -LRB- born 22 January 1964 , Drniš , SR Croatia , SFR Yugoslavia -RRB- is a retired Croatian professional basketball player , who also represented Croatia internationally . He is currently the president of Croatian Basketball Federation . A 7 ft 2 in -LRB- 2.18 m -RRB- center , he played five seasons -LRB- 1990 -- 1992 ; 1996 -- 1999 -RRB- in the National Basketball Association , as a member of the Boston Celtics , Minnesota Timberwolves , and Los Angeles Clippers . He was very popular in Europe , while playing for the Athens-based club Panathinaikos , with whom he won the club 's first EuroLeague championship . ", "The Indiana Pacers are an American professional basketball team based in Indianapolis . The Pacers compete in the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- as a member club of the league 's Eastern Conference Central Division . The Pacers were first established in 1967 as a member of the American Basketball Association -LRB- ABA -RRB- and became a member of the NBA in 1976 as a result of the ABA -- NBA merger . They play their home games at Bankers Life Fieldhouse . The team is named after Indiana 's history with the Indianapolis 500 's pace cars and with the harness racing industry . The Pacers have won three championships , all in the ABA . The Pacers were Eastern Conference champions in 2000 . The team has won nine division titles . Five Hall of Fame players -- Reggie Miller , Chris Mullin , Alex English , Mel Daniels , and Roger Brown -- played with the Pacers for multiple seasons . ", "Chris Sheridan is a sportswriter who formerly covered the National Basketball Association for ESPN . He previously worked 18 years for the Associated Press . His basketball Web site , Sheridan Hoops , launched on September 5 , 2011 . In July , 2014 , he was the first major NBA journalist to report that LeBron James would sign with and return to the Cleveland Cavaliers during his free agency . Sheridan has covered Team USA senior men 's national team longer than any American sportswriter , having first reported on them at the Atlanta Olympics in 1996 . The website was closed in April 2016 . Sheridan , 50 -LRB- DOB May 14 , 1965 -RRB- is a Marquette University graduate with a degree in journalism . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Cocktail_-LRB-2012_film-RRB-", "Happy_New_Year_-LRB-2014_film-RRB-", "Deepika_Padukone", "Bachna_Ae_Haseeno", "Lafangey_Parindey" ]

[ "Cocktail is a 2012 Indian romantic comedy-drama film directed by Homi Adajania under the banner of Illuminati Films . The film stars Saif Ali Khan , Deepika Padukone and newcomer Diana Penty in lead roles , with Dimple Kapadia and Boman Irani appearing in supporting roles . Randeep Hooda has a special appearance . Adajania has previously worked with Khan , Kapadia , and Irani in his directorial debut Being Cyrus . Cocktail released worldwide on 13 July 2012 and received a positive to mixed reception from critics , with high praise to Deepika Padukone 's performance and was declared as the best performance of her career , earning her Best Actress nominations at various award ceremonies . Padukone was honoured with a Smita Patil memorial award for her breakthrough performance . The film also emerged as a major commercial success in both India and abroad . After its three-week run , Box Office India declared the movie a hit in India and abroad . ", "Happy New Year , sometimes abbreviated as HNY is a 2014 Indian musical heist comedy directed by Farah Khan and produced by Gauri Khan under the banner of Red Chillies Entertainment . The film has an ensemble cast , which includes Shah Rukh Khan , Deepika Padukone , Abhishek Bachchan , Sonu Sood , Boman Irani , Vivaan Shah and Jackie Shroff . The film was distributed worldwide by Yash Raj Films . The film marked a third collaboration of Khan with the director ; they previously worked on Main Hoon Na -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and Om Shanti Om -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , the latter of which also featured Padukone as the female lead . The film was released on Diwali , 24 October 2014 in three different languages : Hindi , Tamil and Telugu in around 5000 screens in India , the biggest release for a Hindi film in India . The film received negative reviews from critics , but was a commercial success and ranks among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences features the film 's script in their library . ", "Deepika Padukone -LRB- -LSB- d̪iːpɪkaː pəɖʊkoːɳ -RSB- ; born 5 January 1986 -RRB- is an Indian film actress . One of the highest-paid actresses in the world , Padukone is the recipient of several awards , including three Filmfare Awards . She features in listings of the nation 's most popular and attractive personalities . Padukone , the daughter of the badminton player Prakash Padukone , was born in Copenhagen and raised in Bangalore . As a teenager , she played badminton in national level championships but left her career in the sport to become a fashion model . She soon received offers for film roles and made her acting debut in 2006 as the title character of the Kannada film Aishwarya . Padukone then played a dual role in her first Bollywood releasethe 2007 blockbuster Om Shanti Omand won a Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut . Padukone received praise for portraying the lead roles in the romance Love Aaj Kal -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and the drama Lafangey Parindey -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , but her performances in the romance Bachna Ae Haseeno -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and the comedy Housefull -LRB- 2010 -RRB- were met with negative reviews . The 2012 box office hit Cocktail marked a turning point in Padukone 's career , earning her praise and Best Actress nominations at several award ceremonies . She rose to prominence with starring roles in the romantic comedies Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Chennai Express -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , the heist comedy Happy New Year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the historical romance Bajirao Mastani -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , all of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films . Padukone 's acclaimed portrayal of a character based on Juliet in the tragic romance Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and a headstrong architect in the comedy-drama Piku -LRB- 2015 -RRB- won her two Best Actress awards at Filmfare . Her first project in Hollywood came with the action film xXx : Return of Xander Cage -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Alongside her acting career , Padukone participates in stage shows , has written columns for an Indian newspaper , is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products , and is vocal about issues such as feminism and depression . She has designed her own line of clothing for women and is the founder of The Live Love Laugh Foundation , which creates awareness on mental health in India . ", "Bachna Ae Haseeno -LRB- English : Watch Out , Ladies -RRB- is an Indian romantic drama released 15 August 2008 . The lead stars in this movie are Ranbir Kapoor , Bipasha Basu , Deepika Padukone , and Minissha Lamba . Its director was Siddharth Anand , whose previous projects include Salaam Namaste -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Ta Ra Rum Pum -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . It was the eighth highest grossing movie of 2008 . ", "Lafangey Parindey -LRB- English : Cheeky Bird -RRB- is a 2010 Hindi romantic drama directed by Pradeep Sarkar , produced by Aditya Chopra and starring Neil Nitin Mukesh and Deepika Padukone in the lead roles . The film was released on 20 August 2010 under the Yash Raj Films banner . The story of the film is partially inspired from the 1978 American film , Ice Castles and the 1999 Tamil film , Thulladha Manamum Thullum . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Cocktail_-LRB-2012_film-RRB-", "Happy_New_Year_-LRB-2014_film-RRB-", "Deepika_Padukone", "Bachna_Ae_Haseeno", "Lafangey_Parindey" ]

[ "Cocktail is a 2012 Indian romantic comedy-drama film directed by Homi Adajania under the banner of Illuminati Films . The film stars Saif Ali Khan , Deepika Padukone and newcomer Diana Penty in lead roles , with Dimple Kapadia and Boman Irani appearing in supporting roles . Randeep Hooda has a special appearance . Adajania has previously worked with Khan , Kapadia , and Irani in his directorial debut Being Cyrus . Cocktail released worldwide on 13 July 2012 and received a positive to mixed reception from critics , with high praise to Deepika Padukone 's performance and was declared as the best performance of her career , earning her Best Actress nominations at various award ceremonies . Padukone was honoured with a Smita Patil memorial award for her breakthrough performance . The film also emerged as a major commercial success in both India and abroad . After its three-week run , Box Office India declared the movie a hit in India and abroad . ", "Happy New Year , sometimes abbreviated as HNY is a 2014 Indian musical heist comedy directed by Farah Khan and produced by Gauri Khan under the banner of Red Chillies Entertainment . The film has an ensemble cast , which includes Shah Rukh Khan , Deepika Padukone , Abhishek Bachchan , Sonu Sood , Boman Irani , Vivaan Shah and Jackie Shroff . The film was distributed worldwide by Yash Raj Films . The film marked a third collaboration of Khan with the director ; they previously worked on Main Hoon Na -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and Om Shanti Om -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , the latter of which also featured Padukone as the female lead . The film was released on Diwali , 24 October 2014 in three different languages : Hindi , Tamil and Telugu in around 5000 screens in India , the biggest release for a Hindi film in India . The film received negative reviews from critics , but was a commercial success and ranks among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences features the film 's script in their library . ", "Deepika Padukone -LRB- -LSB- d̪iːpɪkaː pəɖʊkoːɳ -RSB- ; born 5 January 1986 -RRB- is an Indian film actress . One of the highest-paid actresses in the world , Padukone is the recipient of several awards , including three Filmfare Awards . She features in listings of the nation 's most popular and attractive personalities . Padukone , the daughter of the badminton player Prakash Padukone , was born in Copenhagen and raised in Bangalore . As a teenager , she played badminton in national level championships but left her career in the sport to become a fashion model . She soon received offers for film roles and made her acting debut in 2006 as the title character of the Kannada film Aishwarya . Padukone then played a dual role in her first Bollywood releasethe 2007 blockbuster Om Shanti Omand won a Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut . Padukone received praise for portraying the lead roles in the romance Love Aaj Kal -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and the drama Lafangey Parindey -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , but her performances in the romance Bachna Ae Haseeno -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and the comedy Housefull -LRB- 2010 -RRB- were met with negative reviews . The 2012 box office hit Cocktail marked a turning point in Padukone 's career , earning her praise and Best Actress nominations at several award ceremonies . She rose to prominence with starring roles in the romantic comedies Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Chennai Express -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , the heist comedy Happy New Year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the historical romance Bajirao Mastani -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , all of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films . Padukone 's acclaimed portrayal of a character based on Juliet in the tragic romance Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and a headstrong architect in the comedy-drama Piku -LRB- 2015 -RRB- won her two Best Actress awards at Filmfare . Her first project in Hollywood came with the action film xXx : Return of Xander Cage -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Alongside her acting career , Padukone participates in stage shows , has written columns for an Indian newspaper , is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products , and is vocal about issues such as feminism and depression . She has designed her own line of clothing for women and is the founder of The Live Love Laugh Foundation , which creates awareness on mental health in India . ", "Bachna Ae Haseeno -LRB- English : Watch Out , Ladies -RRB- is an Indian romantic drama released 15 August 2008 . The lead stars in this movie are Ranbir Kapoor , Bipasha Basu , Deepika Padukone , and Minissha Lamba . Its director was Siddharth Anand , whose previous projects include Salaam Namaste -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Ta Ra Rum Pum -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . It was the eighth highest grossing movie of 2008 . ", "Lafangey Parindey -LRB- English : Cheeky Bird -RRB- is a 2010 Hindi romantic drama directed by Pradeep Sarkar , produced by Aditya Chopra and starring Neil Nitin Mukesh and Deepika Padukone in the lead roles . The film was released on 20 August 2010 under the Yash Raj Films banner . The story of the film is partially inspired from the 1978 American film , Ice Castles and the 1999 Tamil film , Thulladha Manamum Thullum . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Cocktail_-LRB-2012_film-RRB-", "Happy_New_Year_-LRB-2014_film-RRB-", "Deepika_Padukone", "Bachna_Ae_Haseeno", "Lafangey_Parindey" ]

[ "Cocktail is a 2012 Indian romantic comedy-drama film directed by Homi Adajania under the banner of Illuminati Films . The film stars Saif Ali Khan , Deepika Padukone and newcomer Diana Penty in lead roles , with Dimple Kapadia and Boman Irani appearing in supporting roles . Randeep Hooda has a special appearance . Adajania has previously worked with Khan , Kapadia , and Irani in his directorial debut Being Cyrus . Cocktail released worldwide on 13 July 2012 and received a positive to mixed reception from critics , with high praise to Deepika Padukone 's performance and was declared as the best performance of her career , earning her Best Actress nominations at various award ceremonies . Padukone was honoured with a Smita Patil memorial award for her breakthrough performance . The film also emerged as a major commercial success in both India and abroad . After its three-week run , Box Office India declared the movie a hit in India and abroad . ", "Happy New Year , sometimes abbreviated as HNY is a 2014 Indian musical heist comedy directed by Farah Khan and produced by Gauri Khan under the banner of Red Chillies Entertainment . The film has an ensemble cast , which includes Shah Rukh Khan , Deepika Padukone , Abhishek Bachchan , Sonu Sood , Boman Irani , Vivaan Shah and Jackie Shroff . The film was distributed worldwide by Yash Raj Films . The film marked a third collaboration of Khan with the director ; they previously worked on Main Hoon Na -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and Om Shanti Om -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , the latter of which also featured Padukone as the female lead . The film was released on Diwali , 24 October 2014 in three different languages : Hindi , Tamil and Telugu in around 5000 screens in India , the biggest release for a Hindi film in India . The film received negative reviews from critics , but was a commercial success and ranks among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences features the film 's script in their library . ", "Deepika Padukone -LRB- -LSB- d̪iːpɪkaː pəɖʊkoːɳ -RSB- ; born 5 January 1986 -RRB- is an Indian film actress . One of the highest-paid actresses in the world , Padukone is the recipient of several awards , including three Filmfare Awards . She features in listings of the nation 's most popular and attractive personalities . Padukone , the daughter of the badminton player Prakash Padukone , was born in Copenhagen and raised in Bangalore . As a teenager , she played badminton in national level championships but left her career in the sport to become a fashion model . She soon received offers for film roles and made her acting debut in 2006 as the title character of the Kannada film Aishwarya . Padukone then played a dual role in her first Bollywood releasethe 2007 blockbuster Om Shanti Omand won a Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut . Padukone received praise for portraying the lead roles in the romance Love Aaj Kal -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and the drama Lafangey Parindey -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , but her performances in the romance Bachna Ae Haseeno -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and the comedy Housefull -LRB- 2010 -RRB- were met with negative reviews . The 2012 box office hit Cocktail marked a turning point in Padukone 's career , earning her praise and Best Actress nominations at several award ceremonies . She rose to prominence with starring roles in the romantic comedies Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Chennai Express -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , the heist comedy Happy New Year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the historical romance Bajirao Mastani -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , all of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films . Padukone 's acclaimed portrayal of a character based on Juliet in the tragic romance Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and a headstrong architect in the comedy-drama Piku -LRB- 2015 -RRB- won her two Best Actress awards at Filmfare . Her first project in Hollywood came with the action film xXx : Return of Xander Cage -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Alongside her acting career , Padukone participates in stage shows , has written columns for an Indian newspaper , is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products , and is vocal about issues such as feminism and depression . She has designed her own line of clothing for women and is the founder of The Live Love Laugh Foundation , which creates awareness on mental health in India . ", "Bachna Ae Haseeno -LRB- English : Watch Out , Ladies -RRB- is an Indian romantic drama released 15 August 2008 . The lead stars in this movie are Ranbir Kapoor , Bipasha Basu , Deepika Padukone , and Minissha Lamba . Its director was Siddharth Anand , whose previous projects include Salaam Namaste -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Ta Ra Rum Pum -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . It was the eighth highest grossing movie of 2008 . ", "Lafangey Parindey -LRB- English : Cheeky Bird -RRB- is a 2010 Hindi romantic drama directed by Pradeep Sarkar , produced by Aditya Chopra and starring Neil Nitin Mukesh and Deepika Padukone in the lead roles . The film was released on 20 August 2010 under the Yash Raj Films banner . The story of the film is partially inspired from the 1978 American film , Ice Castles and the 1999 Tamil film , Thulladha Manamum Thullum . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Cocktail_-LRB-2012_film-RRB-", "Happy_New_Year_-LRB-2014_film-RRB-", "Deepika_Padukone", "Bachna_Ae_Haseeno", "Lafangey_Parindey" ]

[ "Cocktail is a 2012 Indian romantic comedy-drama film directed by Homi Adajania under the banner of Illuminati Films . The film stars Saif Ali Khan , Deepika Padukone and newcomer Diana Penty in lead roles , with Dimple Kapadia and Boman Irani appearing in supporting roles . Randeep Hooda has a special appearance . Adajania has previously worked with Khan , Kapadia , and Irani in his directorial debut Being Cyrus . Cocktail released worldwide on 13 July 2012 and received a positive to mixed reception from critics , with high praise to Deepika Padukone 's performance and was declared as the best performance of her career , earning her Best Actress nominations at various award ceremonies . Padukone was honoured with a Smita Patil memorial award for her breakthrough performance . The film also emerged as a major commercial success in both India and abroad . After its three-week run , Box Office India declared the movie a hit in India and abroad . ", "Happy New Year , sometimes abbreviated as HNY is a 2014 Indian musical heist comedy directed by Farah Khan and produced by Gauri Khan under the banner of Red Chillies Entertainment . The film has an ensemble cast , which includes Shah Rukh Khan , Deepika Padukone , Abhishek Bachchan , Sonu Sood , Boman Irani , Vivaan Shah and Jackie Shroff . The film was distributed worldwide by Yash Raj Films . The film marked a third collaboration of Khan with the director ; they previously worked on Main Hoon Na -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and Om Shanti Om -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , the latter of which also featured Padukone as the female lead . The film was released on Diwali , 24 October 2014 in three different languages : Hindi , Tamil and Telugu in around 5000 screens in India , the biggest release for a Hindi film in India . The film received negative reviews from critics , but was a commercial success and ranks among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences features the film 's script in their library . ", "Deepika Padukone -LRB- -LSB- d̪iːpɪkaː pəɖʊkoːɳ -RSB- ; born 5 January 1986 -RRB- is an Indian film actress . One of the highest-paid actresses in the world , Padukone is the recipient of several awards , including three Filmfare Awards . She features in listings of the nation 's most popular and attractive personalities . Padukone , the daughter of the badminton player Prakash Padukone , was born in Copenhagen and raised in Bangalore . As a teenager , she played badminton in national level championships but left her career in the sport to become a fashion model . She soon received offers for film roles and made her acting debut in 2006 as the title character of the Kannada film Aishwarya . Padukone then played a dual role in her first Bollywood releasethe 2007 blockbuster Om Shanti Omand won a Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut . Padukone received praise for portraying the lead roles in the romance Love Aaj Kal -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and the drama Lafangey Parindey -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , but her performances in the romance Bachna Ae Haseeno -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and the comedy Housefull -LRB- 2010 -RRB- were met with negative reviews . The 2012 box office hit Cocktail marked a turning point in Padukone 's career , earning her praise and Best Actress nominations at several award ceremonies . She rose to prominence with starring roles in the romantic comedies Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Chennai Express -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , the heist comedy Happy New Year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the historical romance Bajirao Mastani -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , all of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films . Padukone 's acclaimed portrayal of a character based on Juliet in the tragic romance Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and a headstrong architect in the comedy-drama Piku -LRB- 2015 -RRB- won her two Best Actress awards at Filmfare . Her first project in Hollywood came with the action film xXx : Return of Xander Cage -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Alongside her acting career , Padukone participates in stage shows , has written columns for an Indian newspaper , is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products , and is vocal about issues such as feminism and depression . She has designed her own line of clothing for women and is the founder of The Live Love Laugh Foundation , which creates awareness on mental health in India . ", "Bachna Ae Haseeno -LRB- English : Watch Out , Ladies -RRB- is an Indian romantic drama released 15 August 2008 . The lead stars in this movie are Ranbir Kapoor , Bipasha Basu , Deepika Padukone , and Minissha Lamba . Its director was Siddharth Anand , whose previous projects include Salaam Namaste -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Ta Ra Rum Pum -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . It was the eighth highest grossing movie of 2008 . ", "Lafangey Parindey -LRB- English : Cheeky Bird -RRB- is a 2010 Hindi romantic drama directed by Pradeep Sarkar , produced by Aditya Chopra and starring Neil Nitin Mukesh and Deepika Padukone in the lead roles . The film was released on 20 August 2010 under the Yash Raj Films banner . The story of the film is partially inspired from the 1978 American film , Ice Castles and the 1999 Tamil film , Thulladha Manamum Thullum . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Cocktail_-LRB-2012_film-RRB-", "Happy_New_Year_-LRB-2014_film-RRB-", "Deepika_Padukone", "Bachna_Ae_Haseeno", "Lafangey_Parindey" ]

[ "Cocktail is a 2012 Indian romantic comedy-drama film directed by Homi Adajania under the banner of Illuminati Films . The film stars Saif Ali Khan , Deepika Padukone and newcomer Diana Penty in lead roles , with Dimple Kapadia and Boman Irani appearing in supporting roles . Randeep Hooda has a special appearance . Adajania has previously worked with Khan , Kapadia , and Irani in his directorial debut Being Cyrus . Cocktail released worldwide on 13 July 2012 and received a positive to mixed reception from critics , with high praise to Deepika Padukone 's performance and was declared as the best performance of her career , earning her Best Actress nominations at various award ceremonies . Padukone was honoured with a Smita Patil memorial award for her breakthrough performance . The film also emerged as a major commercial success in both India and abroad . After its three-week run , Box Office India declared the movie a hit in India and abroad . ", "Happy New Year , sometimes abbreviated as HNY is a 2014 Indian musical heist comedy directed by Farah Khan and produced by Gauri Khan under the banner of Red Chillies Entertainment . The film has an ensemble cast , which includes Shah Rukh Khan , Deepika Padukone , Abhishek Bachchan , Sonu Sood , Boman Irani , Vivaan Shah and Jackie Shroff . The film was distributed worldwide by Yash Raj Films . The film marked a third collaboration of Khan with the director ; they previously worked on Main Hoon Na -LRB- 2004 -RRB- and Om Shanti Om -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , the latter of which also featured Padukone as the female lead . The film was released on Diwali , 24 October 2014 in three different languages : Hindi , Tamil and Telugu in around 5000 screens in India , the biggest release for a Hindi film in India . The film received negative reviews from critics , but was a commercial success and ranks among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences features the film 's script in their library . ", "Deepika Padukone -LRB- -LSB- d̪iːpɪkaː pəɖʊkoːɳ -RSB- ; born 5 January 1986 -RRB- is an Indian film actress . One of the highest-paid actresses in the world , Padukone is the recipient of several awards , including three Filmfare Awards . She features in listings of the nation 's most popular and attractive personalities . Padukone , the daughter of the badminton player Prakash Padukone , was born in Copenhagen and raised in Bangalore . As a teenager , she played badminton in national level championships but left her career in the sport to become a fashion model . She soon received offers for film roles and made her acting debut in 2006 as the title character of the Kannada film Aishwarya . Padukone then played a dual role in her first Bollywood releasethe 2007 blockbuster Om Shanti Omand won a Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut . Padukone received praise for portraying the lead roles in the romance Love Aaj Kal -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and the drama Lafangey Parindey -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , but her performances in the romance Bachna Ae Haseeno -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and the comedy Housefull -LRB- 2010 -RRB- were met with negative reviews . The 2012 box office hit Cocktail marked a turning point in Padukone 's career , earning her praise and Best Actress nominations at several award ceremonies . She rose to prominence with starring roles in the romantic comedies Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Chennai Express -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , the heist comedy Happy New Year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the historical romance Bajirao Mastani -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , all of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films . Padukone 's acclaimed portrayal of a character based on Juliet in the tragic romance Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and a headstrong architect in the comedy-drama Piku -LRB- 2015 -RRB- won her two Best Actress awards at Filmfare . Her first project in Hollywood came with the action film xXx : Return of Xander Cage -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Alongside her acting career , Padukone participates in stage shows , has written columns for an Indian newspaper , is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products , and is vocal about issues such as feminism and depression . She has designed her own line of clothing for women and is the founder of The Live Love Laugh Foundation , which creates awareness on mental health in India . ", "Bachna Ae Haseeno -LRB- English : Watch Out , Ladies -RRB- is an Indian romantic drama released 15 August 2008 . The lead stars in this movie are Ranbir Kapoor , Bipasha Basu , Deepika Padukone , and Minissha Lamba . Its director was Siddharth Anand , whose previous projects include Salaam Namaste -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Ta Ra Rum Pum -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . It was the eighth highest grossing movie of 2008 . ", "Lafangey Parindey -LRB- English : Cheeky Bird -RRB- is a 2010 Hindi romantic drama directed by Pradeep Sarkar , produced by Aditya Chopra and starring Neil Nitin Mukesh and Deepika Padukone in the lead roles . The film was released on 20 August 2010 under the Yash Raj Films banner . The story of the film is partially inspired from the 1978 American film , Ice Castles and the 1999 Tamil film , Thulladha Manamum Thullum . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Louis_Malle", "Atlantic_City_-LRB-1980_film-RRB-", "Louis_Serre_-LRB-physician-RRB-", "My_Dinner_with_Andre", "Elevator_to_the_Gallows" ]

[ "Louis Marie Malle -LRB- -LSB- mal -RSB- ; 30 October 1932 -- 23 November 1995 -RRB- was a French film director , screenwriter , and producer . His film Le Monde du silence won the Palme d'Or in 1956 and the Academy Award for Best Documentary in 1957 , although he was not credited at the ceremony with the award instead being presented to the film 's co-director Jacques Cousteau . Later in his career he was nominated multiple times for Academy Awards . Malle is also one of the few directors to have won the Golden Lion multiple times . Malle worked in both French cinema and Hollywood , and he produced both French and English language films . His most famous films include the crime film Ascenseur pour l'échafaud -LRB- 1958 -RRB- , the World War II drama Lacombe , Lucien -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , the romantic crime film Atlantic City -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , the comedy-drama My Dinner with Andre -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , and the autobiographical film Au revoir les enfants -LRB- 1987 -RRB- . ", "Atlantic City is a 1980 French-Canadian romantic crime film directed by Louis Malle . Filmed in late 1979 , it was released in France and Germany in 1980 and in the United States in 1981 . The script was written by John Guare . It stars Burt Lancaster , Susan Sarandon , Kate Reid , Robert Joy , Hollis McLaren , Michel Piccoli , and Al Waxman . Atlantic City is among the 41 films to be nominated for all `` Big Five '' Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor , Best Actress and Best Screenplay , and one of only eight among this group to not take home a single award . ", "Louis Serre was a 16th-century Marseille based French physician . Along with Colin Pellenc , in 1540 he was accused of heresy . In 1545 he worked with Nostradamus in fighting a major plague outbreak in Marseille . ", "My Dinner with Andre is a 1981 American comedy-drama film directed by Louis Malle , and written by and starring Andre Gregory and Wallace Shawn . The actors play fictionalized versions of themselves sharing a conversation at Café des Artistes in Manhattan . The film 's dialogue covers such things as experimental theatre , the nature of theatre , and the nature of life , and contrasts Shawn 's modest humanism with Gregory 's spiritual experiences . ", "Ascenseur pour l'échafaud is a 1958 French crime film directed by Louis Malle . It was released as Elevator to the Gallows in the United States , where it was also released as Frantic , and as Lift to the Scaffold in the United Kingdom . It stars Jeanne Moreau and Maurice Ronet as criminal lovers whose perfect crime begins to unravel when Ronet is trapped in an elevator . The scenario was adapted from a 1956 novel of the same name by Noël Calef . Associated by some critics with the film noir style , and introducing new narrative and editing techniques , the film is considered an important work in establishing the Nouvelle Vague and the New Modern Cinema . Its score by Miles Davis , and the relationship the film establishes between music , image and emotion , were also considered ground-breaking . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Jeffrey_Sanchez", "Loretta_Sanchez", "Mike_Sanchez", "Beverly_Washburn", "Cole_Sanchez" ]

[ "Jeffrey or Jeff Sanchez may refer to : Jeffrey Sanchez -LRB- politician -RRB- -LRB- born 1969 -RRB- , American politician Jeffrey Sanchez -LRB- jockey -RRB- -LRB- born 1985 -RRB- , Puerto Rican jockey Jeff Sanchez -LRB- defensive back , born 1962 -RRB- , American football player Jeff Sanchez -LRB- defensive back , born 1981 -RRB- , American football player ", "Loretta L. Sánchez -LRB- born January 7 , 1960 -RRB- is an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1997 to 2017 . She was first elected in 1996 , when she defeated long-serving Republican congressman Bob Dornan by fewer than 1,000 votes . Sánchez represented the 46th district from 1997 to 2003 , then from 2003 to 2013 , and again in the 46th district from 2013 to 2017 . The district lies in central Orange County . Since 1996 , Sánchez has been a member of the Democratic Party , and of the centrist House Blue Dog Coalition . Sánchez chose not to run for re-election to the House in 2016 , instead opting to run for the U.S. Senate race in California . California Attorney General Kamala Harris defeated Sanchez , 61.6 % to 38.4 % . ", "Jesus Miguel `` Mike '' Sanchez -LRB- born 17 February 1964 -RRB- is a rhythm and blues singer , pianist and songwriter of Spanish-English heritage . Sanchez is known for his work with the Big Town Playboys and Bill Wyman 's Rhythm Kings , and for his solo career . He is noted for his charismatic on stage presence and his encyclopaedic knowledge of the history and performers of rhythm and blues . ", "Beverly Washburn -LRB- born November 25 , 1943 -RRB- is an American actress . She was cast as a young girl in the Leave It to Beaver episode entitled `` Blind Date Committee '' in October 1959 , on NBC 's The Loretta Young Show , and as an older teenager in Loretta Young 's 1962 -- 1963 CBS family drama , The New Loretta Young Show . In between , Washburn played Lili Kilgore in the 1956 film The Lone Ranger , and Lisbeth Searcy in the 1957 Walt Disney film Old Yeller , the story of a beloved dog , starring Fess Parker , Dorothy McGuire , Tommy Kirk , Kevin Corcoran , and Jeff York in the role of Lisbeth 's father , Bud Searcy . Washburn appeared once on NBC 's Star Trek in the role of Lieutenant Arlene Galway in the 1967 episode `` The Deadly Years '' . ", "Cole Sanchez -LRB- born March 1 , 1985 -RRB- is an American artist who is best known for being a writer , storyboard artist and director on the animated television series Adventure Time . Sanchez first rose to prominence when he became a storyboard artist of the Cartoon Network series The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack . Formerly , he was a supervising director on Long Live the Royals , and has since returned to Adventure Time to direct the last two seasons . " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Firefox", "Web_browser", "GNU_LibreJS", "Netscape_Navigator", "SmallWorlds" ]

[ "Mozilla Firefox -LRB- or simply Firefox -RRB- is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary the Mozilla Corporation . Firefox is available for Windows , macOS and Linux operating systems , with its Firefox for Android available for Android -LRB- formerly Firefox for mobile , it also ran on the discontinued Firefox OS -RRB- ; where all of these versions use the Gecko layout engine to render web pages , which implements current and anticipated web standards . An additional version , Firefox for iOS , was released in late 2015 , but this version does not use Gecko due to Apple 's restrictions limiting third-party web browsers to the WebKit-based layout engine built into iOS . Firefox was created in 2002 under the name `` Phoenix '' by Mozilla community members who desired a standalone browser , rather than the Mozilla Application Suite bundle . Even during its beta phase , Firefox proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed , security , and add-ons compared to Microsoft 's then-dominant Internet Explorer 6 . Firefox was released in November 2004 , and was highly successful with 60 million downloads within nine months , which was the first time that Internet Explorer 's dominance was challenged . Firefox is considered the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator , as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998 before their acquisition by AOL . Firefox usage grew to a peak of 32 % at the end of 2009 , temporarily making version 3.5 the world 's most popular browser . Usage then declined in competition with Google Chrome . , Firefox has between 9 % and 16 % of worldwide usage as a `` desktop '' browser , making it the second most popular web browser . Firefox is still the most popular desktop browser in Cuba -LRB- even most popular overall -RRB- , Eritrea , and Germany , with 85.93 % , 79.39 % , and 37.01 % of the market share , respectively . It is also the most popular desktop browser in many other African countries . According to Mozilla , there were half a billion Firefox users around the world . ", "A web browser -LRB- commonly referred to as a browser -RRB- is a software application for retrieving , presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web . An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier -LRB- URI/URL -RRB- that may be a web page , image , video or other piece of content . Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources . Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web , they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems . The most popular web browsers are Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge -LRB- preceded by Internet Explorer -RRB- , Safari , Opera and Firefox . ", "GNU LibreJS , or simply LibreJS , is a free software web browser extension for Mozilla Firefox-based browsers , created by the GNU Project . Its purpose is to block nonfree nontrivial JavaScript programs and allow free or trivial JS in a user 's web browser . The add-on was created to address the so-called `` JavaScript Trap '' described by Richard Stallman , a situation in which many users unknowingly run proprietary software in their web browsers . ", "Netscape Navigator is a discontinued proprietary web browser , and the original browser of the Netscape line , from versions 1 to 4.08 , and 9.x . It was the flagship product of the Netscape Communications Corp and was the dominant web browser in terms of usage share in the 1990s , but by 2002 its usage had almost disappeared . This was primarily due to the increased usage of Microsoft 's Internet Explorer web browser software , and partly because the Netscape Corporation -LRB- later purchased by AOL -RRB- did not sustain Netscape Navigator 's technical innovation after the late 1990s . The business demise of Netscape was a central premise of Microsoft 's antitrust trial , wherein the Court ruled that Microsoft Corporation 's bundling of Internet Explorer with the Windows operating system was a monopolistic and illegal business practice . The decision came too late for Netscape , however , as Internet Explorer had by then become the dominant web browser in Windows . The Netscape Navigator web browser was succeeded by the Netscape Communicator suite in 1997 . Netscape Communicator 's 4.x source code was the base for the Netscape-developed Mozilla Application Suite , which was later renamed SeaMonkey . Netscape 's Mozilla Suite also served as the base for a browser-only spinoff called Mozilla Firefox . The Netscape Navigator name returned in 2007 when AOL announced version 9 of the Netscape series of browsers , Netscape Navigator 9 . On 28 December 2007 , AOL canceled its development but continued supporting the web browser with security updates until 1 March 2008 . AOL allows downloading of archived versions of the Netscape Navigator web browser family . AOL maintains the Netscape website as an Internet portal . ", "SmallWorlds is a virtual world and social network service by Outsmart Games , a privately owned company based in Auckland , New Zealand . The virtual world runs inside a web browser and integrates with YouTube , Flickr , and a number of other Web 2.0 services . The game has a 25 + million playerbase and is one of the most popular gaming sites for 13 + . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic", "Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic", "Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic", "Communist_International", "Emblem_of_the_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" ]

[ "The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR ; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка , Украї́нська РСР Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика , Украи́нская ССР see `` Name '' section below -RRB- , commonly referred to in English as Ukraine -LRB- -LSB- juːˈkreɪn -RSB- Україна , tr . Ukrayina -LSB- ukrɑˈjinɑ -RSB- -RRB- , was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991 . From 1919 -- 22 it was a sovereign state . Throughout this period Ukraine was referred to as a Soviet socialist state . It is referred to sometimes as Soviet Ukraine by some historians . The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations , although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union . Upon the Soviet Union 's dissolution and perestroika , the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine , although Ukraine 's new constitution was only ratified on 28 June 1996 . Throughout its 72-year history , the republic 's borders changed many times , with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland , and the addition of Crimea in 1954 . From the start , the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic 's capital . However , in 1934 , the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev , which remained the capital of newly independent Ukraine . Geographically , the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea , bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia , Byelorussia , and the Russian SFSR . The Ukrainian SSR 's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union 's western-most border point . According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants , which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union . ", "The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , led by a chairman , was the de jure leader office of the Russian SFSR between 1938 and 1990 . It was elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic . ", "The flag of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic was adopted by the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in the 1930s . Prior to this , the flag was red with the Cyrillic characters ЗСФСР in gold in a sans-serif font . ", "The Communist International , abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International -LRB- 1919 -- 1943 -RRB- , was an international communist organization that advocated world communism . The International intended to fight `` by all available means , including armed force , for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State . '' The Comintern was founded after the 1915 Zimmerwald Conference in which Vladimir Lenin had organized the `` Zimmerwald Left '' against those who refused to approve any statement explicitly endorsing socialist revolutionary action , and after the 1916 dissolution of the Second International . The Comintern had seven World Congresses between 1919 and 1935 . It also had thirteen `` Enlarged Plenums '' of its governing Executive Committee , which had much the same function as the somewhat larger and more grandiose Congresses . The Comintern was officially dissolved by Joseph Stalin in 1943 . ", "The coat of arms of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted on February 10 , 1941 by the government of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic . The coat of arms is based on the coat of arms of the Soviet Union . It shows symbols of agriculture , an outer rim featuring wheat , corn , grapes and clover . The red banner bears the Soviet Union state motto -LRB- `` Workers of the world , unite ! '' -RRB- in both the Russian and Moldovan languages . In Moldovan , it was initially '' Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле , униць-вэ ! '' , then , from the 1950s '' Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле , уници-вэ ! '' , both transliterated as `` Proletari din toate țările , uniți-vă ! '' . The acronym `` MSSR '' is shown only in Moldovan . The emblem was replaced on November 3 , 1990 by the present coat of arms of Moldova . The unrecognised Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic -LRB- also known as Transnistria -RRB- uses a similar state emblem . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic", "Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic", "Flag_of_the_Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic", "Communist_International", "Emblem_of_the_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" ]

[ "The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR ; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка , Украї́нська РСР Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика , Украи́нская ССР see `` Name '' section below -RRB- , commonly referred to in English as Ukraine -LRB- -LSB- juːˈkreɪn -RSB- Україна , tr . Ukrayina -LSB- ukrɑˈjinɑ -RSB- -RRB- , was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991 . From 1919 -- 22 it was a sovereign state . Throughout this period Ukraine was referred to as a Soviet socialist state . It is referred to sometimes as Soviet Ukraine by some historians . The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations , although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union . Upon the Soviet Union 's dissolution and perestroika , the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine , although Ukraine 's new constitution was only ratified on 28 June 1996 . Throughout its 72-year history , the republic 's borders changed many times , with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland , and the addition of Crimea in 1954 . From the start , the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic 's capital . However , in 1934 , the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev , which remained the capital of newly independent Ukraine . Geographically , the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea , bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia , Byelorussia , and the Russian SFSR . The Ukrainian SSR 's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union 's western-most border point . According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants , which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union . ", "The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , led by a chairman , was the de jure leader office of the Russian SFSR between 1938 and 1990 . It was elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic . ", "The flag of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic was adopted by the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in the 1930s . Prior to this , the flag was red with the Cyrillic characters ЗСФСР in gold in a sans-serif font . ", "The Communist International , abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International -LRB- 1919 -- 1943 -RRB- , was an international communist organization that advocated world communism . The International intended to fight `` by all available means , including armed force , for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State . '' The Comintern was founded after the 1915 Zimmerwald Conference in which Vladimir Lenin had organized the `` Zimmerwald Left '' against those who refused to approve any statement explicitly endorsing socialist revolutionary action , and after the 1916 dissolution of the Second International . The Comintern had seven World Congresses between 1919 and 1935 . It also had thirteen `` Enlarged Plenums '' of its governing Executive Committee , which had much the same function as the somewhat larger and more grandiose Congresses . The Comintern was officially dissolved by Joseph Stalin in 1943 . ", "The coat of arms of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted on February 10 , 1941 by the government of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic . The coat of arms is based on the coat of arms of the Soviet Union . It shows symbols of agriculture , an outer rim featuring wheat , corn , grapes and clover . The red banner bears the Soviet Union state motto -LRB- `` Workers of the world , unite ! '' -RRB- in both the Russian and Moldovan languages . In Moldovan , it was initially '' Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле , униць-вэ ! '' , then , from the 1950s '' Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле , уници-вэ ! '' , both transliterated as `` Proletari din toate țările , uniți-vă ! '' . The acronym `` MSSR '' is shown only in Moldovan . The emblem was replaced on November 3 , 1990 by the present coat of arms of Moldova . The unrecognised Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic -LRB- also known as Transnistria -RRB- uses a similar state emblem . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Superhuman", "Human_mitochondrial_genetics", "On_Genetic_Interests", "Neurobiological_origins_of_language", "List_of_characters_played_by_multiple_actors_in_the_same_film" ]

[ "Superhuman qualities are qualities that exceed those found in humans . Superhuman abilities are found in some fictional characters , especially as superheroes in American comic books . Fictional characters have been portrayed as having psychic abilities , flying abilities , impossible strength , or exceptional proficiency beyond human capability . Superhuman can also mean something that is not human , but considered to be `` superior '' to humans in some way , e.g. a tiger may be described as having `` superhuman strength '' . Superhuman abilities may result from human enhancement by genetic modification , cybernetic implants , nanotechnology , radiation or from human evolution in the future . ", "Human mitochondrial genetics is the study of the genetics of human mitochondrial DNA -LRB- the DNA contained in human mitochondria -RRB- . The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria . Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use , and are hence referred to as the `` powerhouses '' of the cell . Mitochondrial DNA -LRB- mtDNA -RRB- is not transmitted through nuclear DNA -LRB- nDNA -RRB- . In humans , as in most multicellular organisms , mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother 's ovum . There are theories , however , that paternal mtDNA transmission in humans can occur under certain circumstances . Mitochondrial inheritance is therefore non-Mendelian , as Mendelian inheritance presumes that half the genetic material of a fertilized egg -LRB- zygote -RRB- derives from each parent . Eighty percent of mitochondrial DNA codes for mitochondrial RNA , and therefore most mitochondrial DNA mutations lead to functional problems , which may be manifested as muscle disorders -LRB- myopathies -RRB- . Because they provide 30 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule in contrast to the 2 ATP molecules produced by glycolysis , mitochondria are essential to all higher organisms for sustaining life . The mitochondrial diseases are genetic disorders carried in mitochondrial DNA , or nuclear DNA coding for mitochondrial components . Slight problems with any one of the numerous enzymes used by the mitochondria can be devastating to the cell , and in turn , to the organism . ", "On Genetic Interests : Family , Ethnicity , and Humanity in an Age of Mass Migration is a 2003 book by Frank Salter . `` Genetic interests '' is a non-technical term designating an organism 's inclusive fitness or copies of its genes . Salter 's book is the first attempt to map the distribution of human genetic interests . Salter adopts the second meaning : copies of an individual 's gene patterns . The need to have this gap in knowledge filled is evidenced by the enthusiasm with which the book was received . ", "Language has a long evolutionary history and is closely related to the brain , but what makes the human brain uniquely adapted to language is unclear . The regions of the brain that are involved in language in humans have similar analogues in apes and monkeys , and yet they do not use language . There may also be a genetic component : mutations in the FOXP2 gene prevent humans from constructing complete sentences . ", "This is a list of characters who have been played by multiple actors in the same film . This does not include : Stunt doubles/body doubles Infants or very young children played by twins -LRB- Nearly all children below a certain age are played by twins in order to adhere to child labor laws . -RRB- Actors playing a younger/older version of a character in a brief flash-back/flash-forward -LRB- However , actors who play the same character at different ages for an extended portion of the movie may be included -RRB- . Large puppets or animatronic characters controlled by multiple performers Characters with shape-shifting abilities who are almost always played by one actor except when using their abilities . -LRB- e.g. . The T-1000 from Terminator 2 : Judgment Day or Mystique from the X-Men films -RRB- Exceptions may be made for characters for whom there is no one `` default '' actor . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Bala_-LRB-director-RRB-", "Paul_McGuigan_-LRB-filmmaker-RRB-", "Bala_Saravanan", "Bala_Ərəblər", "Bala_Deh_Rural_District_-LRB-Fars_Province-RRB-" ]

[ "Bala -LRB- born Bala Pazhanisaamy -RRB- is an Indian film director , screenwriter , and producer , working in Tamil cinema . Bala is widely acclaimed for `` revolutionizing Tamil cinema '' through his realistic , dark and disturbing depiction of the working class on celluloid screen . He has received several awards and recognition for his work , including the National Film Award for Best Director for his fourth feature film Naan Kadavul -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . ", "Paul McGuigan -LRB- born 19 September 1963 -RRB- is a Scottish film and television director , best known for directing films such as Lucky Number Slevin , Gangster No. 1 and Push . He has also directed episodes of Sherlock , Scandal , Monroe and Smash . He was born in Bellshill , Scotland . ", "Bala Saravanan -LRB- பாலா சரவணன் born 2 November 1987 -RRB- is an Indian film actor who has appeared in Tamil language films . ", "Bala Ərəblər -LRB- known as Güloğlular until 2000 -RRB- is a village and municipality in the Barda Rayon of Azerbaijan . It has a population of 941 . ", "Bala Deh Rural District is a rural district -LRB- dehestan -RRB- in Beyram District , Larestan County , Fars Province , Iran . At the 2006 census , its population was 5,213 , in 1,078 families . The rural district has 14 villages . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Camp_Flog_Gnaw", "Tyler,_The_Creator", "Odd_Future", "Jahkoy_Palmer", "David_Greenwalt" ]

[ "Camp Flog Gnaw is an annual carnival created and hosted by Tyler , The Creator and Odd Future . It is hosted once a year , and features various carnival games , well known artists , restaurants , and a ferris wheel . Camp Flog Gnaw has been held every year since 2012 . ", "Tyler Gregory Okonma -LRB- born March 6 , 1991 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Tyler , The Creator , is an American rapper , record producer , and music video director . Born in Ladera Heights , California , he rose to prominence as the leader and co-founder of the alternative hip hop collective Odd Future and has rapped on and produced songs for nearly every Odd Future release . Okonma creates all the artwork for the group 's releases and designs the group 's clothing and other merchandise as well . After releasing his debut album Goblin under XL Recordings , in April 2011 , he signed a joint venture deal for him and his label Odd Future Records , with RED Distribution and Sony Music Entertainment . Following that he released his second studio album Wolf , which was met with generally positive reviews and debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 selling 90,000 copies in its first week . He has his own clothing company , called Golf Wang , started in 2011 , and a carnival , named Camp Flog Gnaw , hosted annually since 2012 . He runs his own streaming service Golf Media ; it contains original scripted series from Tyler himself and Camp Flog Gnaw streams there yearly . ", "Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All , normally shortened to Odd Future and abbreviated to OFWGKTA -LRB- stylized OFWGK † Δ -RRB- , -LRB- with an upside down cross -RRB- , is an American hip hop collective formed in Los Angeles in 2006-07 . The collective was originally formed by Tyler , The Creator with Hodgy , Left Brain , Pyramid Vritra , Jasper Dolphin . Later members include Earl Sweatshirt , Frank Ocean , Domo Genesis , Mike G , Casey Veggies , Syd . Outside of music , Odd Future have an Adult Swim skit show called Loiter Squad , a clothing line named Golf Wang , as well as a mobile app called Golf Media which contains exclusive interviews , behind the scenes clips , and cartoons . Every year since 2012 , Odd Future has held the annual Camp Flog Gnaw in Los Angeles where members of Odd Future , as well as other supporting acts , perform live and host a carnival . ", "Jahkoy Palmer -LRB- known mononymously as Jahkoy or JAHKOY -RRB- is a Canadian R&B singer and rapper currently signed to Def Jam Recordings . He has released several projects , including the mixtape , Forward Thinking , and the singles Still In Love , Hold Your Hand , and Odd Future . His most recent single , `` Odd Future , '' premiered on Zane Lowe 's Beats 1 radio show in January 2016 and played by Drake on OVO Sound Radio . ", "David Greenwalt -LRB- born October 16 , 1949 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , director and producer . He was the co-executive producer of the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and co-creator of its spinoff , Angel . He is also co-creator of the short-lived cult television show Profit . He co-created the NBC supernatural drama Grimm . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Port_of_Spain", "One_Port_Center", "Gebze_Center", "Sears,_Roebuck_&_Company_Mail_Order_Building_-LRB-Los_Angeles,_California-RRB-", "Novoalexandrovsk" ]

[ "Port of Spain is the capital city of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and the country 's third-largest municipality , after Chaguanas and San Fernando . The city has a municipal population of 37,074 -LRB- 2011 census -RRB- , a metropolitan population of 128,026 -LRB- 1990 unofficial estimate -RRB- and a transient daily population of 250,000 . It is located on the Gulf of Paria , on the northwest coast of the island of Trinidad and is part of a larger conurbation stretching from Chaguaramas in the west to Arima in the east with an estimated population of 600,000 . The city serves primarily as a retail and administrative centre and it has been the capital of the island since 1757 . It is also an important financial services centre for the Caribbean and is home to two of the largest banks in the region . Port of Spain was also the de facto capital of the short-lived West Indies Federation , which united the Caribbean . Caricom was established in Chaguaramas , west of Port of Spain . The city is also home to the largest container port on the island and is one of several shipping hubs of the Caribbean , exporting both agricultural products and manufactured goods . Bauxite from Guyana is trans-shipped via facilities at Chaguaramas , about 5 mi west of the city . The pre-lenten Carnival is the city 's main annual cultural festival and tourist attraction . Today , Port of Spain is a leading city in the Caribbean region . Trinidad and Tobago hosted the Fifth Summit of the Americas in 2009 whose guests included US President Barack Obama and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton . Port of Spain is also home to the biggest and most successful stock exchange in the Caribbean , the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange -LRB- TTSE -RRB- . The iconic Nicholas Tower , as well as other skyscrapers , are well known throughout the region . These buildings dominate the city 's skyline . Some of the tallest skyscrapers in the Caribbean are located in Port of Spain . ", "One Port Center is an office building in Camden , New Jersey located in the Waterfront entertainment district . The building , opened in 1996 , was designed by Michael Graves and is headquarters to the Delaware River Port Authority . The building is situated on a L-shaped site flanks an existing parking garage , the other of which side is a planned future companion building . The location offers panoramic views of the Delaware River and Philadelphia . The eleven-story , 176,000-square-foot building accommodates retail shops and a restaurant at the ground floor . There are four floors of leased office space and six floors of offices for the Port Authority . The executive offices and boardroom are located on the top floor behind three-story yellow aluminum composite columns . The blue and white glazed brick used at the lower speaks to the waterfront location . ", "Gebze Center is a shopping center in the Gebze Kocaeli , Turkey with 150 + stores , 60,000 square metres of retail area , and parking . The center includes an authentic Turkish food bazaar - a traditional market place , inspired by Turkish architecture and history . ", "The Sears , Roebuck & Company product distribution center in Boyle Heights , Los Angeles , California , is a historic landmark that was one of the company 's mail-order facilities , with a retail store on the ground floor . The building was used for mail order until 1992 , when Sears closed the distribution center and sold the building . Though Sears still operates a retail store on the ground floor , the rest of the enormous complex has remained vacant . The 1800000 sqft complex has been the subject of several renovation proposals since the mid-1990s . ", "Novoalexandrovsk is a town and the administrative center of Novoalexandrovsky District in Stavropol Krai , Russia , located on the bank of the Rasshevatka River , 110 km southwest of Stavropol , the administrative center of the krai . Population : " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "David_Lloyd_George", "Lloyd_Klein", "David_Attenborough", "Bluegate_Fields", "Sisillius_I" ]

[ "David Lloyd George , 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor , -LRB- 17 January 1863 -- 26 March 1945 -RRB- was a British Liberal politician and statesman of Welsh parentage and upbringing . As Chancellor of the Exchequer -LRB- 1908 -- 1915 -RRB- , Lloyd George was a key figure in the introduction of many reforms which laid the foundations of the modern welfare state . His most important role came as the highly energetic Prime Minister of the Wartime Coalition Government -LRB- 1916 -- 22 -RRB- , during and immediately after the First World War . He was a major player at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 that reordered Europe after the defeat of the Central Powers . Historian Martin Pugh in The Oxford Companion to British History argues that : He made a greater impact on British public life than any other 20th-century leader , thanks to his pre-war introduction of Britain 's social welfare system -LRB- especially medical insurance , unemployment insurance , and old-age pensions , largely paid for by taxes on high incomes and on the land -RRB- . Furthermore , in foreign affairs he played a leading role in winning the First World War , redrawing the map of Europe at the peace conference , and partitioning Ireland . As Prime Minister , Lloyd George favoured the Conservatives in his coalition in the 1918 elections , leaving the Liberal Party a minority . He became leader of the Liberal Party in the late 1920s , but it grew even smaller and more divided . By the 1930s he was a marginalised and widely mistrusted figure . He gave weak support to the Second World War amidst fears that he was favourable toward Germany . He was voted the third greatest British prime minister of the 20th century in a poll of 139 academics organised by MORI , and in 2002 he was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide vote . ", "Lloyd David Klein is a French couturier born in Canada . His fashion label is Lloyd Klein Couture . ", "Sir David Frederick Attenborough -LRB- -LSB- ˈætənb ər ə -RSB- born 8 May 1926 -RRB- is an English veteran broadcaster and naturalist . He is best known for writing and presenting the nine Life series , in conjunction with the BBC Natural History Unit , which collectively form a comprehensive survey of animal and plant life on the planet . He is also a former senior manager at the BBC , having served as controller of BBC Two and director of programming for BBC Television in the 1960s and 1970s . He is the only person to have won BAFTAs for programmes in each of black and white , colour , HD , and 3D . Attenborough is widely considered a national treasure in Britain , although he himself does not like the term . In 2002 he was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide poll for the BBC . He is the younger brother of the late director , producer and actor Richard Attenborough , and older brother of the late motor executive John Attenborough . ", "Bluegate Fields -LRB- also known as Blue Gate Fields -RRB- was one of the worst slum areas that once existed just north of the old , east London docks during the Victorian era . Two streets in the area had actually been named Bluegate Fields at different times : present-day Dellow St. -LRB- along the eastern edge of the St. George 's - in-the-East churchyard -RRB- and Cable Street -LRB- along the northern edge of the churchyard -RRB- . The area is visited by the eponymous character in The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde , and inspired a scene in The Mystery of Edwin Drood by Charles Dickens . ", "Sisillius I -LRB- Welsh : Seisyll -RRB- was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth . He was preceded by Gurgustius and succeeded by Jago . He was the father of Kimarcus , king of the Britons , and shares his name with one of the sons of Ebraucus , and two later kings of the same name -LRB- Sisillius II and Sisillius III -RRB- . Geoffrey has nothing to say of him beyond this . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Encephalopathy", "Aquareovirus", "Parkinson's_disease", "Abadie's_sign_of_exophthalmic_goiter", "Biological_therapy_for_inflammatory_bowel_disease" ]

[ "Encephalopathy -LSB- ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒpəθi -RSB- means disorder or disease of the brain . In modern usage , encephalopathy does not refer to a single disease , but rather to a syndrome of overall brain dysfunction ; this syndrome can have many different organic and inorganic causes . ", "Aquareovirus is a genus of viruses , in the family Reoviridae , in the subfamily Spinareovirinae . Fish , shellfish , and crustacean species serve as natural hosts . There are currently seven species in this genus including the type species Aquareovirus A . In general , Aquareoviruses have low or no pathogenicity for fish . However , some cause hemorrhagic disease , hepatitis and pancreatitis . Grass carp hemorrhage virus -LRB- causes hemorrhagic disease of grass carp -RRB- is the most pathogenic Aquareovirus . ", "Parkinson 's disease -LRB- PD -RRB- is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA -LRB- levodopa -RRB- , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day -LRB- on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April -RRB- and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali . ", "Abadie 's sign of exophthalmic goiter is a medical sign characterized by spasm of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle with retraction of the upper lid -LRB- so that sclera is visible above cornea -RRB- seen in Graves-Basedow disease which , together with exophthalmos causes the bulging eyes appearance . It is named for Jean Marie Charles Abadie . ", "Biological therapy refers to the use of medication that is tailored to specifically target an immune or genetic mediator of disease . Even for diseases of unknown cause , molecules that are involved in the disease process have been identified , and can be targeted for biological therapy ; many of these molecules , which are mainly cytokines , are directly involved in the immune system . Biological therapy has found a niche in the management of cancer , autoimmune diseases , and diseases of unknown cause that result in symptoms due to immune related mechanisms . Inflammatory bowel disease , or IBD , is a collection of systemic diseases involving inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract . IBD includes two -LRB- or three -RRB- diseases of unknown causation : ulcerative colitis , which affects only the large bowel ; Crohn 's disease , which can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract ; and , indeterminate colitis , which consists of large bowel inflammation that shows elements of both Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis . Although the causes of these diseases are unknown , genetic , environmental , immune and other mechanisms have been proposed . Of these , the immune system plays a large role in the development of symptoms . Given this , a variety of biological therapies have been developed for the treatment of these diseases . These have changed the way physicians treat Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Cindy_Baer", "Burbank,_California", "Tom_Rounds", "Stars_Hollow", "Henry_A._Stearns" ]

[ "Cindy Baer is an American actress , director , producer , and entrepreneur . She helms the production company Free Dream Pictures , located in Burbank , California . She directed and produced the critically acclaimed feature films Purgatory House and Odd Brodsky . She attends filmmaking panels across the country , speaking as an expert on low budget filmmaking . Baer resides in Los Angeles , California with her cinematographer husband Matthew Irving . ", "Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California , United States , 12 mi northwest of downtown Los Angeles . The population at the 2010 census was 103,340 . Billed as the `` Media Capital of the World '' and only a few miles northeast of Hollywood , numerous media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank , including The Walt Disney Company , Warner Bros. . Entertainment , Nickelodeon Animation Studios , NBC , Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network , and Insomniac Games . The city is also home to Bob Hope Airport . It was the location of Lockheed 's Skunk Works , which produced some of the most secret and technologically advanced airplanes , including the U-2 spy planes that uncovered the Soviet Union missile components in Cuba in October 1962 . Burbank consists of two distinct areas : a downtown/foothill section , in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains , and the flatland section . Burbank is the easternmost city in the San Fernando Valley . Burbank 's neighbor , Glendale , is the westernmost city in the San Gabriel Valley . The city was referred to as `` Beautiful Downtown Burbank '' on Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . The city was named after David Burbank , a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867 . ", "Tom Rounds -LRB- June 6 , 1936 -- June 1 , 2014 -RRB- was an American radio broadcasting executive , founder and chief executive officer of Radio Express in Burbank , California . ", "Stars Hollow is a fictional town in Connecticut featured on the television show Gilmore Girls . It is depicted as a close-knit community with many quirky characteristics , located roughly thirty minutes from Hartford . The show 's creators borrowed elements of Washington Depot , Connecticut ; Kent , Connecticut ; and New Milford , Connecticut to create the town , which is actually a set constructed on the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California . ", "Henry Augustus Stearns -LRB- October 23 , 1825 -- October 8 , 1910 -RRB- brought steam laundry to California , was a cotton wadding mill owner in Rhode Island , and a Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Malta", "Timeline_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions", "Elections_in_Malta", "Karl_Schembri", "Languages_of_Malta" ]

[ "Malta -LRB- -LSB- ˈmɒltə -RSB- -LSB- ˈmɐltɐ -RSB- -RRB- , officially known as the Republic of Malta -LRB- Repubblika ta ' Malta -RRB- , is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea . It lies 80 km south of Italy , 284 km east of Tunisia , and 333 km north of Libya . The country covers just over 316 km2 , with a population of just under 450,000 , making it one of the world 's smallest and most densely populated countries . The capital of Malta is Valletta , which at 0.8 km2 , is the smallest national capital in the European Union by area . Malta has one national language , which is Maltese , and English as an official language . Malta 's location in the middle of the Mediterranean has historically given it great strategic importance as a naval base , and a succession of powers , including the Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Moors , Normans , Sicilians , Spanish , Knights of St. John , French and British , have ruled the islands . King George VI of the United Kingdom awarded the George Cross to Malta in 1942 for the country 's bravery in the Second World War . The George Cross continues to appear on Malta 's national flag . Under the Malta Independence Act , passed by the British Parliament in 1964 , Malta gained independence from the United Kingdom as an independent sovereign Commonwealth realm , officially known from 1964 to 1974 as the State of Malta , with Elizabeth II as its head of state . The country became a republic in 1974 , and although no longer a Commonwealth realm , remains a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations . Malta was admitted to the United Nations in 1964 and to the European Union in 2004 ; in 2008 , it became part of the Eurozone . Malta has a long Christian legacy and its Archdiocese of Malta is claimed to be an apostolic see because , according to Acts of the Apostles , St Paul was shipwrecked on `` Melita '' , now widely taken to be Malta . Catholicism is the official religion in Malta . Malta is a popular tourist destination with its warm climate , numerous recreational areas , and architectural and historical monuments , including three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum , Valletta , and seven Megalithic Temples , which are some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world . ", "The United Nations has authorized 63 peacekeeping missions as of February 2009 . These do not include interventions authorized by the UN like the Korean War and the Gulf War . The 1990s saw the most UN peacekeeping operations to date . ", "Malta elects on a national level 6 MEPs representing Malta in the European Parliament , on a district level the legislature , On a local level the Local Councils and on a community level the Administrative Committees . Malta uses single transferable vote to elect its MP/MEP and local councillors . Even though transferable preferences should help third parties , the Maltese electorate , since independence , has consistently voted in two dominant political parties and effectively created a two party system . ", "Karl Schembri -LRB- born in 1978 in Malta -RRB- is a Maltese writer , journalist and humanitarian . Schembri also occupied the post of News Editor at Malta Today . He started working in journalism with In-Nazzjon and Il-Mument in 1995 , moving on to Bay Radio , The Malta Independent , The Malta Independent on Sunday and , since 2004 , with Malta Today . ", "Malta has two official languages : Maltese and English . Maltese is also the national language . Until 1934 Italian was also an official language in Malta . Having been governed by many different countries in the past , the Maltese population is generally able to converse in languages which are not native to the country , namely English and Italian . According to the Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2012 , 98 % of Maltese people can speak Maltese , 88 % can speak English , 66 % can speak Italian , and more than 17 % speak French . This shows a recent increase in the fluency of languages , since in 1995 , only 98 % of the population spoke Maltese , 76 % English , 36 % Italian , and 10 % French . Surprisingly , it also shows an increase in Italian fluency compared to when Italian was an official language of Malta . French , German and Spanish are the other main languages studied in secondary and tertiary education . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Blank_Space", "Blank_Generation", "Blank!", "1000_Blank_White_Cards", "United_Arab_Emirates_Space_Agency" ]

[ "`` Blank Space '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift from her fifth studio album 1989 -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . It was written by Swift , Max Martin and Shellback . The song was released to the radio by Republic Records on November 10 , 2014 as the album 's second single , after `` Shake It Off '' and is the second track on the album . Musically , `` Blank Space '' is an electropop song with lyrics that satirize the media 's perception of Swift and her relationships . `` Blank Space '' reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 following `` Shake It Off '' . Swift became the first woman in the Hot 100 's 56-year history to succeed herself at the top spot . A critical success , it has also been included in numerous year-end critics ' lists . The song has also topped charts in Canada , South Africa and Australia . It also charted in the top 10 in numerous countries , such as Austria , Czech Republic , Germany , New Zealand , Spain , and the United Kingdom . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by Joseph Kahn and was shot over three days at Oheka Castle in Huntington , New York . The song received its first televised performance at the 2014 American Music Awards and as part of `` Taylor Swift 's 1989 Secret Session with iHeartRadio '' on October 27 , 2014 , in New York City . The song received nominations for the 58th Grammy Awards for Record of the Year , Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance . ", "Blank Generation may refer to : Blank Generation -LRB- album -RRB- , by Richard Hell & The Voidoids , released in 1977 Blank Generation -LRB- song -RRB- , the title track to the above album Blank Generation -LRB- literary -RRB- , literary genre The Blank Generation , a 1976 music documentary Blank Generation -LRB- 1980 film -RRB- , featuring Richard Hell & The Voidoids ", "Blank ! is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov . It was commissioned by Larry Shaw , editor of Infinity Science Fiction , as being the least inspirational title on which to base a story . Harlan Ellison and Randall Garrett were also invited to submit stories based on the same title ; Garrett wrote one with `` Blank ? '' as the title while Ellison submitted `` Blank . '' All three were published in the magazine in June 1957 . Asimov 's story was later reprinted in the 1975 collection Buy Jupiter and Other Stories . ", "1000 Blank White Cards is a party game played with cards in which the deck is created as part of the game . Though it has been played by adults in organized groups worldwide , 1000 Blank White Cards is also described as well-suited for children in Hoyle 's Rules of Games . Since any game rules are contained on the cards -LRB- rather than existing as all-encompassing rules or in a rule book -RRB- , 1000 Blank White Cards can be considered a sort of nomic . It can be played by any number of players and provides the opportunity for card creation and gameplay outside the scope of a single sitting . Creating new cards during the game , dealing with previous cards ' effects , is allowed , and rule modification is encouraged as an integral part of gameplay . ", "The United Arab Emirates Space Agency is an agency of the United Arab Emirates government responsible for the development of the country 's space industry . It was created in 2014 and is responsible for developing , fostering and regulating a sustainable and world-class Space sector in the UAE . The agency is charged with the growth of the sector through partnerships , academic programmes and investments in R&D , commercial initiatives , and driving space science research and exploration . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "A_Very_Natural_Thing", "One_True_Thing", "Czech_Mongolian", "Democratic_Union_Coalition_-LRB-1996–2000-RRB-", "Accidental_Friendship" ]

[ "A Very Natural Thing is a 1974 film about a gay man named David who leaves a monastery to become a public school teacher by day , while looking for true love in a gay bar by night . It was one of the first films about gay relationships intended for mainstream , commercial distribution . The original title of the film was For as Long as Possible . It was directed by Christopher Larkin and was released to lukewarm reviews in 1973 and given an R rating by the Motion Picture Association of America . ", "One True Thing is a 1998 American drama film directed by Carl Franklin . It tells the story of a woman who is forced to put her life on hold in order to care for her mother who is dying of cancer . It was adapted by Karen Croner from the novel by Anna Quindlen . The novel and film are based on Anna Quindlen 's real life and her struggle of dealing with the death of her mother , Prudence Pantano Quindlen in 1972 , due to ovarian cancer . The film stars Meryl Streep , Renée Zellweger , William Hurt and Tom Everett Scott . Bette Midler sings the lead song , `` My One True Friend '' , over the end credits . The track was first released on Midler 's 1998 album Bathhouse Betty . It was shot in Morristown , NJ , Maplewood , NJ , as well as in Princeton University . ", "Czech Mongolian or Mongolian Czech may refer to : Czech Republic -- Mongolia relations Czechs in Mongolia Mongolians in the Czech Republic Multiracial people of Czech and Mongolian descent ", "The Democratic Union Coalition was a coalition of political parties in Mongolia . Its primary constituents were the Mongolian National Democratic Party and the Mongolian Social Democratic Party , and its core policies were the implementation of political and economic reforms in the post-communist period . Its chairman was Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj in 1996-2000 . In the 1996 Mongolian parliamentary elections , the Democratic Union was victorious , defeating the ex-communist Mongolian People 's Revolutionary Party . This was for the first time from 1921 that the People 's Revolutionary Party had not been in power . Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan , manager of the elections campaign of the Democratic Union , became Prime Minister in 1996 and Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj , leader of the Democratic Union , became Prime Minister of Mongolia in 1998 . The Democratic Union had effectively split up by the time of the 2000 parliamentary elections . ", "Accidental Friendship is a 2008 Hallmark Channel original film directed by Don McBrearty , and written by Anna Sandor based on a true story . It stars Chandra Wilson and Ben Vereen . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "The_Book_of_Mormon_-LRB-musical-RRB-", "Music_and_Friends_-LRB-Walter_Ostanek_album-RRB-", "Blue_Jean", "Ray_-LRB-soundtrack-RRB-", "Stardust-COLON-_The_Great_American_Songbook,_Volume_III" ]

[ "The Book of Mormon is a musical comedy about two young Mormon missionaries who travel to Africa to preach the Mormon religion . First staged in 2011 , the play satirizes various Mormon beliefs and practices . The script , lyrics , and music were written by Robert Lopez , Trey Parker , and Matt Stone . Best known for creating the animated comedy South Park , Parker and Stone co-created the music with Lopez , the co-composer/co-lyricist of Avenue Q , and , subsequently , Frozen . The Book of Mormon follows two Mormon missionaries as they attempt to share their scriptures with the inhabitants of a remote Ugandan village . The earnest young men are challenged by the lack of interest of the locals , who are preoccupied with more pressing troubles such as AIDS , famine , and oppression from the local warlord . In 2003 , Trey Parker , Robert Lopez , and Matt Stone began developing the musical , meeting sporadically for several years after Parker and Stone saw Avenue Q. Parker and Stone grew up in Colorado , and references to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had been commonplace in their previous works . For research , the trio took a trip to Salt Lake City to meet with current and former Mormon missionaries . Beginning in 2008 , developmental workshops were staged . The show 's producer , Scott Rudin , opted to open the show directly on Broadway . The show opened on Broadway in March 2011 , after nearly seven years of development . The LDS Church issued a polite , measured response to the musical , and purchased advertising space in its playbill in later runs . The Book of Mormon garnered overwhelmingly positive critical responses , and set records in ticket sales for the Eugene O'Neill Theatre . The show was awarded nine Tony Awards , one of which was for Best Musical , and a Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album . The original Broadway cast recording became the highest-charting Broadway cast album in over four decades , reaching number three on the Billboard charts . In 2013 , the musical premiered in the West End . Since then , it has staged two US national tours . An Australian production opened in Melbourne and a Swedish production opened in Stockholm in 2017 . ", "Music and Friends is an album by the Walter Ostanek Band . In 1995 , the album won Ostanek the Grammy Award for Best Polka Album . ", "`` Blue Jean '' is a song written and recorded by David Bowie for his sixteenth studio album Tonight . One of only two tracks on the album to be written entirely by Bowie , it was released as a single ahead of the album and charted within the Top 10 in the UK and the United States , peaking at No. 6 and No. 8 , respectively . The song is loosely inspired by Eddie Cochran . Following the commercial success of Bowie 's previous album , Let 's Dance , its singles and the Serious Moonlight Tour , `` Blue Jean '' was launched with a 21-minute short film , Jazzin ' for Blue Jean , directed by Julien Temple . The song performance segment from this was also used as a more conventional music video . The film won the 1985 Grammy Award for `` Best Video , Short form '' -LRB- Later renamed `` Best Music Video '' -RRB- , which proved to be the only competitive Grammy Award Bowie won during his career for over three decades . -LRB- In 2017 , Bowie posthumously won four Grammies for Blackstar -LRB- album -RRB- , including Grammy Award for Best Rock Song for the Blackstar title track . Blackstar -LRB- album -RRB- also won Grammy Award for Best Recording Package for its designer Jonathan Barnbrook . -RRB- `` Blue Jean '' would remain in Bowie 's live repertoire for the rest of his career , being performed on tours in 1987 , 1990 and 2004 . ", "Ray is the soundtrack of the 2004 film Ray starring Jamie Foxx -LRB- who won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as `` Ray Charles '' in this film -RRB- , Kerry Washington , Terrence Howard , Clifton Powell and Regina King . The score was composed by Breyon Prescott and Craig Armstrong . The album won a Grammy Award and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music . ", "Stardust ... the Great American Songbook , Volume III is the third studio album of pop standards by British musician Rod Stewart , released on 19 October 2004 by J Records . The album was dedicated to the Tartan Army . The album was Rod Stewart 's first # 1 on the Billboard 200 since Blondes Have More Fun in 1979 . Rod Stewart also won his first , and only , Grammy Award when the album won the Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album in 2004 . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Incredibles_2", "Mutant_Football_League", "List_of_elections_in_2018", "Cars_3", "Macleay_Museum" ]

[ "The Incredibles 2 is an upcoming 2018 American 3D computer-animated superhero film , and is the sequel to The Incredibles -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . It is in production by Pixar Animation Studios , and will be released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is being written and directed by Brad Bird , the writer and director of the first film . The movie is scheduled to be released on June 15 , 2018 and will be given an IMAX release . ", "Mutant Football League is an upcoming Football video game . It is a spiritual successor to EA Sports Mutant League Football . The game is scheduled to be released on PC in October 2017 , with PS4 and Xbox One versions to follow in 2018 . ", "The following elections are scheduled to occur in the year 2018 . ", "Cars 3 is an upcoming 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and scheduled to be released on June 16 , 2017 by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the eighteenth Pixar film , the third installment in the Cars franchise , a sequel to Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and a threequel to Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . It is being directed by Brian Fee , a storyboard artist on Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . It will be the first film he has directed . ", "The Macleay Museum in Sydney , Australia , is a natural history museum located on the main campus of the University of Sydney . The Macleay Museum gallery is now closed to the public in preparation for the opening of the new Chau Chak Wing Museum , scheduled for completion in late 2018 . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Overexposed_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Z-car_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-", "Car-free", "Fox_armoured_reconnaissance_vehicle", "Nash_Metropolitan" ]

[ "Overexposed is the fourth studio album by the American band Maroon 5 , released on June 20 , 2012 , by A&M Octone Records . The album was recorded between 2011 and 2012 and was driven after the moderate success of their third album , Hands All Over -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and later by the enormous success of the re-released edition , which was promoted by the single `` Moves Like Jagger '' , recorded as a collaboration with Christina Aguilera . It is the band 's only album not to feature keyboardist , rhythm guitarist and background vocalist , Jesse Carmichael , who took a temporary break from performing with the group to focus on his studies back then , but eventually returned to Maroon 5 in 2014 . The band worked with different producers , such as Max Martin , who serves as the album 's executive producer , Ryan Tedder , Shellback and Benny Blanco . The band 's guitarist and Levine 's usual co-writer James Valentine only has four credits on the album . The accompanying artwork , created by LA artist Young & Sick , is a colorful collage of illustrations seemingly inspired by the likes of Picasso and a range of modern cartoonists . Its title is a smirking allusion to Levine 's ubiquity , while its sound is a reflection of how the group wishes to retain the large audience they won once again with `` Moves Like Jagger '' . The album 's lead single `` Payphone '' , featuring rapper Wiz Khalifa , produced by Shellback and Benny Blanco , was released and performed on The Voice on April 16 , 2012 . The song was a success , reaching number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , as well as on the ARIA Charts , while it topped the UK Singles Chart , Canadian Hot 100 and Italian Singles Chart . The second single , `` One More Night '' , was released on June 19 , 2012 . The song topped the Billboard Hot 100 for nine weeks , becoming their longest Hot 100 reign . All four singles released from Overexposed have reached the Hot 100 top-ten , including the last two of them : `` Daylight '' and `` Love Somebody '' . The album received a mixed reception from music critics . Some praised the album , calling it their strongest effort , but others criticized the direction the band decided to take , calling it a failed attempt to go mainstream . Additionally , critics and fans alike perceived the album as overly focused on Levine . It debuted at number 2 on the UK Albums Chart , selling 38,000 copies , and on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 222,000 copies . According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry -LRB- IFPI -RRB- , Overexposed was the 10th global best-selling album of 2012 with sales of 2.2 million copies , and sold approximately 3 million copies due to 2013 . To promote the album , the band started the Overexposed Tour , which lasted from 2012 to 2014 . ", "Z-car , Z-Cars , or zed-car may refer to : Models of car Ford Zephyr saloon used by the British police during the 1960s Nissan Z-car , a series of sports cars BMW Z1 , a two-seat roadster BMW Z3 , the first modern mass-market roadster produced by BMW BMW Z4 , a rear-wheel drive sports car Mitsubishi Z platform , a series of small cars on a shared platform built by Mitsubishi Motors and DaimlerChrysler Police cars Some models of mid-20th century police vehicles in the United Kingdom Also used to refer to any police car , e.g. in 1960s and 1970s British newspaper headlines Z-Cars , a British 1960s and 1970s television police drama series Cars whose vehicle registration plates begin with a Z A car belonging to the federal government of Australia A rental car -LRB- hire car -RRB- in Cyprus ", "Car-free can refer to several things : Pedestrian zones Car-free movement ", "The FV721 Fox Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance -LRB- Wheeled -RRB- -LRB- CVR -LRB- W -RRB- -RRB- was a 4x4 armoured car manufactured by Alvis , deployed by the British Army as a replacement for the Ferret scout car and the Saladin Armoured Car . The Fox was introduced into service in May 1973 and withdrawn in 1993/4 . ", "The Nash Metropolitan was an American automobile that was sold from 1953 to 1961 . It conforms to two classes of vehicle : economy car and subcompact car . In today 's terminology the Metropolitan is a `` subcompact '' , but this category had not yet come into use when the car was made . At that time , it was variously categorized , for example as a `` small automobile '' as well as an `` economy car '' . The Metropolitan was also sold as a Hudson when Nash and Hudson merged in 1954 to form the American Motors Corporation -LRB- AMC -RRB- , and later as a standalone marque during the Rambler years , as well as in the United Kingdom and other markets . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "The_Woodsman_-LRB-2004_film-RRB-", "Kevin_Bacon", "John_Wodehouse,_1st_Baron_Wodehouse", "Sleepers", "Benedict_Welte" ]

[ "The Woodsman is a 2004 drama film directed and co-written -LRB- with Steven Fechter -RRB- by Nicole Kassell , based on Fechter 's play of the same name . The movie stars Kevin Bacon as a convicted child molester who must adjust to life after prison . The movie 's name refers to the woodsman from the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood who kills the wolf to save the titular child . ", "Kevin Norwood Bacon -LRB- born July 8 , 1958 -RRB- is an American actor and musician . His notable films include musical-drama film Footloose -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , the controversial historical conspiracy legal thriller JFK -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , the legal drama A Few Good Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the historical docudrama Apollo 13 -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , and the mystery drama Mystic River -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . Bacon is also known for taking on darker roles such as that of a sadistic guard in Sleepers and troubled former child abuser in a critically acclaimed performance in The Woodsman . Also on television , he starred in the Fox series The Following from 2013 to 2015 . Bacon has won a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award . The Guardian named him one of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination . In 2003 , Bacon received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry . Bacon has become an icon for the concept of interconnectedness -LRB- as in social networks -RRB- , having been popularized by the game `` Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon '' . In 2007 , he created SixDegrees.org , a charitable foundation . ", "John Wodehouse , 1st Baron Wodehouse -LRB- 4 April 1741 -- 29 May 1834 -RRB- , known as Sir John Wodehouse , 6th Baronet , from 1777 to 1797 , was a British peer and Member of Parliament . Wodehouse was the son of Sir Armine Wodehouse , 5th Baronet , and Letitia Bacon . He succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1777 and in 1784 he was elected to the House of Commons for Norfolk , a seat he held until 1797 . In that year he was raised to the peerage as Baron Wodehouse , of Kimberley in the County of Norfolk . Lord Wodehouse married Sophia Berkeley , daughter of the Hon. Charles Berkeley , in 1769 . He died in May 1834 , aged 93 , and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son John . ", "Sleepers is a 1996 American legal crime drama film written , produced , and directed by Barry Levinson , and based on Lorenzo Carcaterra 's 1995 novel of the same name . The film starred Kevin Bacon , Jason Patric , Brad Pitt , Robert De Niro , Dustin Hoffman , Minnie Driver and Vittorio Gassmann . ", "Benedict Welte -LRB- Ratzenried , Württemberg , 25 November 1825 -- 27 May 1885 , Rottenburg am Neckar -RRB- was a German Catholic exegete . After studying at Tübingen and Bonn , where he made special studies in the exegesis of the Old Testament and in Oriental languages , he was ordained priest when twenty-eight years old . Soon after this he became assistant lecturer at Tübingen , and in 1840 regular professor of Old Testament exegesis . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Woodsman_-LRB-2004_film-RRB-", "Kevin_Bacon", "John_Wodehouse,_1st_Baron_Wodehouse", "Sleepers", "Benedict_Welte" ]

[ "The Woodsman is a 2004 drama film directed and co-written -LRB- with Steven Fechter -RRB- by Nicole Kassell , based on Fechter 's play of the same name . The movie stars Kevin Bacon as a convicted child molester who must adjust to life after prison . The movie 's name refers to the woodsman from the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood who kills the wolf to save the titular child . ", "Kevin Norwood Bacon -LRB- born July 8 , 1958 -RRB- is an American actor and musician . His notable films include musical-drama film Footloose -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , the controversial historical conspiracy legal thriller JFK -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , the legal drama A Few Good Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the historical docudrama Apollo 13 -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , and the mystery drama Mystic River -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . Bacon is also known for taking on darker roles such as that of a sadistic guard in Sleepers and troubled former child abuser in a critically acclaimed performance in The Woodsman . Also on television , he starred in the Fox series The Following from 2013 to 2015 . Bacon has won a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award . The Guardian named him one of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination . In 2003 , Bacon received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry . Bacon has become an icon for the concept of interconnectedness -LRB- as in social networks -RRB- , having been popularized by the game `` Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon '' . In 2007 , he created SixDegrees.org , a charitable foundation . ", "John Wodehouse , 1st Baron Wodehouse -LRB- 4 April 1741 -- 29 May 1834 -RRB- , known as Sir John Wodehouse , 6th Baronet , from 1777 to 1797 , was a British peer and Member of Parliament . Wodehouse was the son of Sir Armine Wodehouse , 5th Baronet , and Letitia Bacon . He succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1777 and in 1784 he was elected to the House of Commons for Norfolk , a seat he held until 1797 . In that year he was raised to the peerage as Baron Wodehouse , of Kimberley in the County of Norfolk . Lord Wodehouse married Sophia Berkeley , daughter of the Hon. Charles Berkeley , in 1769 . He died in May 1834 , aged 93 , and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son John . ", "Sleepers is a 1996 American legal crime drama film written , produced , and directed by Barry Levinson , and based on Lorenzo Carcaterra 's 1995 novel of the same name . The film starred Kevin Bacon , Jason Patric , Brad Pitt , Robert De Niro , Dustin Hoffman , Minnie Driver and Vittorio Gassmann . ", "Benedict Welte -LRB- Ratzenried , Württemberg , 25 November 1825 -- 27 May 1885 , Rottenburg am Neckar -RRB- was a German Catholic exegete . After studying at Tübingen and Bonn , where he made special studies in the exegesis of the Old Testament and in Oriental languages , he was ordained priest when twenty-eight years old . Soon after this he became assistant lecturer at Tübingen , and in 1840 regular professor of Old Testament exegesis . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Python_-LRB-programming_language-RRB-", "Revolutionary_Vanguard_-LRB-Communist_Proletarian-RRB-", "Clip_-LRB-compiler-RRB-", "Socialist_Vanguard_Party", "Indian_Federal_Democratic_Party" ]

[ "Python is a widely used high-level programming language for general-purpose programming , created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991 . An interpreted language , Python has a design philosophy which emphasizes code readability -LRB- notably using whitespace indentation to delimit code blocks rather than curly brackets or keywords -RRB- , and a syntax which allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than possible in languages such as C++ or Java . The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear programs on both a small and large scale . Python features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and supports multiple programming paradigms , including object-oriented , imperative , functional programming , and procedural styles . It has a large and comprehensive standard library . Python interpreters are available for many operating systems , allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems . CPython , the reference implementation of Python , is open source software and has a community-based development model , as do nearly all of its variant implementations . CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation . ", "Revolutionary Vanguard -LRB- Communist Proletarian -RRB- -LRB- in Spanish : Vanguardia Revolucionaria -LRB- Proletario Comunista -RRB- -RRB- was a Maoist-oriented political party in Peru founded in 1977 by Eduardo Figari and Julio César Mezzich . It formed through a split in Revolutionary Vanguard . Later VR -LRB- PC -RRB- dissolved , and a section of it was incorporated into the Shining Path . Category : Political parties established in 1977 Category : Defunct political parties in Peru Category : Communist parties in Peru Category : Maoist organizations ", "Clip compiler is a multi-platform -LRB- Linux and Windows -LRB- Cygwin -RRB- -RRB- Clipper programming language compiler with many additional features and libraries -LRB- for gtk , fivewin , netto , MySQL , ODBC , cti , tcp , gzip , Interbase , Oracle , Postgres -RRB- , which is quite fast , has support for Hyper-Six and FoxPro RDD 's , and can compile existing Clipper source code with very minor changes . It has support for all the features in the original compiler , can access multiple types of databases such as Oracle , Informix , Interbase , MySQL , Postgres , all Xbase dialects -LRB- tables : Foxpro , Visual FoxPro , COMIX , indexes : NDX , NTX , CDX , -RRB- It supports object-oriented programming , preprocessor , dynamic and static libraries , several functions for math , string management , arrays or vectors . Clip is licensed under a `` GPL type '' License and uses the GNU CC compiler . ", "Socialist Vanguard Party -LRB- in Spanish : Partido Vanguardia Socialista -RRB- was a front created by the Peruvian Communist Party in order to facilitate its legal registration in 1945 . Category : Political parties established in 1945 Category : Defunct political parties in Peru Category : Communist parties in Peru ", "The Indian Federal Democratic Party was a political party in India . In the 2004 Lok Sabha elections IFDP won one seat from KeralaP.C . THOMAS Defeating Jose K Mani of Kerala Congress -LRB- M -RRB- . That was the first parliamentary electoral victory of a National Democratic Alliance member in the state . Later , IFDP merged with the Kerala Congress -LRB- J -RRB- . A breakaway faction of IFDP led by M.P. George is still existing in Kerala . This faction may merge with the proposed United Kerala Congress . Category : Defunct political parties in India Category : Political parties with year of establishment missing Category : Political parties with year of disestablishment missing Category : Political parties in India " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "George_Fetherling", "John_Hyatt_-LRB-clergyman-RRB-", "Sir_Richard_Glyn,_1st_Baronet,_of_Ewell", "Sophie_Charlotte_of_Brandenburg-Bayreuth", "Frank_Nicklin" ]

[ "George Fetherling -LRB- born 1949 , full name Douglas George Fetherling -RRB- is a Canadian poet , novelist , and cultural commentator . One of the most prolific figures in Canadian letters , he has written or edited more than fifty books , including a dozen volumes of poetry , four book-length fictions , and a two-volume memoir . He lives in Toronto and Vancouver . Fetherling was born in West Virginia , in the United States , on January 1 , 1949 . He moved to Canada at age eighteen . He started in the Canadian literary industry in 1966 in Toronto , where he was the first employee of publisher House of Anansi . Born Douglas , Fetherling began publishing under his father 's name , George , in 1999 . He began writing for the book reviews section of the Vancouver Sun in 2000 . He is the author of British Columbia literary figure George Woodcock 's only biography . A study of Fetherling 's books George Fetherling and His Work , edited by Linda Rogers , features essays by W. H. New , George Elliott Clarke , Brian Busby and others . ", "John Hyatt -LRB- 12 January 1767 -- 30 January 1826 -RRB- was an Englishman of simple rural upbringing who found Wesleyan theology as a young man . He went on to become a much loved and revered driving force of early Methodism in London , becoming influential in continuing the First Great Awakening started by George Whitefield in the 1740s . John was to be found preaching regularly in the East End slums of Hackney in London . He gained a large following and was always in demand for his sermons , which were greatly influenced by those of John Wesley and George Whitefield . ", "Sir Richard Glyn , 1st Baronet -LRB- 13 June 1711 -- 1 January 1773 -RRB- was a British banker and politician , who together with Joseph Vere and Thomas Hallifax founded the Bank of Vere , Glyn & Hallifax , which evolved into Williams & Glyn 's Bank . He served as Sheriff of London in 1753 and as Lord Mayor of London in 1758 . He was also Member of Parliament for the City of London from 1758 to 1768 and for Coventry from 1768 to 1773 . In 1758 he was created a baronet , of Ewell in the County of Surrey . Glyn married firstly Susannah -LRB- née Lewen -RRB- in 1736 . After her death in 1751 he married secondly Elizabeth -LRB- née Carr -RRB- in 1754 . Glyn died in January 1773 , aged 61 , and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son from his first marriage , George . His son from his second marriage , Richard , was created a baronet in his own right in 1800 . ", "Princess Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth -LRB- Sophie Charlotte Albertine ; 27 July 1713 - 2 March 1747 -RRB- , was a German noblewoman member of the House of Hohenzollern and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach . Born in Weferlingen , she was the fourth of five children born from the marriage of George Frederick Charles , Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and Princess Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck . In 1716 her mother was convicted of adultery and imprisoned ; she probably never saw her again . ", "Sir George Francis Reuben Nicklin , -LRB- 6 August 1895 -- 29 January 1978 -RRB- was an Australian politician . He was the Premier of Queensland from 1957 to 1968 , the first non Labor Party premier since 1932 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "The_Good_German", "Two_Good_Comrades", "Good_Morning,_Night", "Heart_of_Stone_-LRB-1950_film-RRB-", "Excursions_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "The Good German is a 2006 film adaptation of Joseph Kanon 's eponymous 2001 novel . It was directed by Steven Soderbergh , and stars George Clooney , Cate Blanchett , and Tobey Maguire . Set in Berlin following the Allied victory over the Nazis , it begins as a murder mystery but weaves in elements involving the American postwar employment of Nazi rocket scientists in Operation Paperclip . The film was shot in black-and-white and is designed to imitate the appearance of film noir from the 1940s , although it also includes material -- such as sex scenes and swearing -- that would have been prohibited by the Production Code . Its poster is an homage to the poster for the classic film Casablanca -LRB- 1942 , also a Warner Bros. film -RRB- , as is the closing scene at an airport . The DVD release presents the film in the 1.33:1 aspect ratio which declined in use from about 1953 , though the theatrical release used the slightly more modern but still unusual 1.66:1 ratio . The film received mixed reviews and grossed $ 5.9 million worldwide against a budget of $ 32 million . ", "Two Good Comrades -LRB- German : Zwei gute Kameraden -RRB- is a 1933 German war comedy film directed by Max Obal and starring Paul Hörbiger , Fritz Kampers and Jessie Vihrog . The film 's art direction was by Robert A. Dietrich and Bruno Lutz . ", "Buongiorno , notte -LRB- Good Morning , Night -RRB- is an Italian film released in 2003 and directed by Marco Bellocchio . The title of the feature film , Good Morning , Night , is taken from a poem by Emily Dickinson . ", "Heart of Stone -LRB- Das kalte Herz -RRB- is an East German fantasy film directed by Paul Verhoeven . The first East German film made in Agfacolor , it was released in 1950 . ", "Excursions is an American independent film directed by Daniel Martinico . The film follows two couples who retreat to a remote cabin in the woods for mysterious purposes . It was written by Martinico and Hugo Armstrong , who collaborated previously on the 2012 film OK , Good . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Species_distribution", "Cetacean_bycatch", "Nuisance_call", "Fish_tape", "Porcellio_flavocinctus" ]

[ "Species distribution is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged . Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal , which is the movement of individuals away from their area of origin or from centers of high on density . A similar concept is the species range . A species range is often represented with a species range map . Biogeographers try to understand the factors determining a species ' distribution . The pattern of distribution is not permanent for each species . Distribution patterns can change seasonally , in response to the availability of resources , and also depending on the scale at which they are viewed . Dispersion usually takes place at the time of reproduction . Populations within a species are translocated through many methods , including dispersal by people , wind , water and animals . Humans are one of the largest distributors due to the current trends in globalization and the expanse of the transportation industry . For example , large tankers often fill their ballasts with water at one port and empty them in another , causing a wider distribution of aquatic species . Biogeography is the study of the distribution of biodiversity over space and time . It is very useful in understanding species distribution through factors such as speciation , extinction , continental drift , glaciation , variation of sea levels , river capture and available resources . This branch of study not only gives a description of the species distribution , but also a geographical explanation for the distribution of particular species . The traditional biogeographic regions were first modeled by Alfred Wallace in The Geographical Distribution of Animals -LRB- 1876 -RRB- . These were based on the work of Sclater 's terrestrial biogeographic regions . Wallace 's system was based on both birds and vertebrates , including non-flying mammals , which better reflect the natural divisions of the Earth due to their limited dispersal abilities . ", "Cetacean bycatch is the incidental capture of non-target cetacean species such as dolphins , porpoises , and whales by fisheries . Bycatch can be caused by entanglement in fishing nets and lines , or direct capture by hooks or in trawl nets . Cetacean bycatch is increasing in intensity and frequency . This is a trend that is likely to continue because of increasing human population growth and demand for marine food sources , as well as industrialization of fisheries which are expanding into new areas . These fisheries come into direct and indirect contact with cetaceans . An example of direct contact is the physical contact of cetaceans with fishing nets . Indirect contact is through marine trophic pathways where fisheries are severely reducing fish stocks that cetaceans rely on for food . In some fisheries , cetaceans are captured as bycatch but then retained because of their value as food or bait . In this fashion , cetaceans can become a target of fisheries . ", "Nuisance calls encompass any type of unwanted , unsolicited , telephone call . Common types of nuisance calls include prank calls , telemarketing calls , and silent calls . Obscene phone calls and other threatening calls are criminal acts in most jurisdictions , particularly when hate crime is involved . Unsolicited calls may also be used to initiate telephone frauds . Fax machines may also receive junk faxes via unsolicited calls . Caller ID provides some protection against unwanted calls , but can still be turned off by the calling party . Even where end-user Caller ID is not available , calls are still logged , both in billing records at the originating telco and via automatic number identification , so the perpetrator 's phone number can still be discovered in many cases . However , these do not provide complete protection : harassers can use payphones and , in some cases , caller ID -LRB- but not necessarily automatic number identification itself -RRB- can be spoofed or blocked . Mobile telephone abusers can -LRB- at some cost -RRB- use `` throwaway '' mobile phones or SIMs . Voice over IP users may send bogus caller ID or route calls through servers in multiple countries . Even in these cases , with sufficient law enforcement and telco effort , persistent abusers can often be tracked down by technical means . Call screening is another countermeasure against unsolicited calls . Most telephone companies have a department devoted to handling complaints regarding unsolicited phone calls . In criminal cases such as obscene or threatening phone calls , many police departments have dedicated resources devoted to dealing with such cases . ", "A fish tape -LRB- also known as a draw wire or draw tape -RRB- is a tool used by electricians to route new wiring through walls and electrical conduit . Made of a narrow band of spring steel , by careful manipulation , the tape can be guided through confined spaces such as wall cavities . The goal is to push toward an area where guide string has been dropped inside the confined space and to pull it through , so the guide string can then be used to pull through various types of wiring , such as phone wire , network cables or speaker wire . Fish tape is designed to pull through guide string only . Using it to directly pull the target wire can damage or warp the fish tape . ", "Porcellio flavocinctus is a species of woodlouse in the genus Porcellio belonging to the family Porcellionidae that can be found on islands like Crete , Cyclades , Cyprus , Dodecanese , Malta , North Aegean , and Sicily . It can also be found in such western European countries as Portugal and Spain . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Sacred_Heart,_Edinburgh", "Sacred_Heart", "Herz-Jesu-Kirche", "CoEur_devotional_path", "Masbate_Cathedral" ]

[ "Sacred Heart , Edinburgh , formally known as the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus , is a Roman Catholic church run by the Society of Jesus , close to the city centre of Edinburgh , Scotland , United Kingdom . It is situated in Lauriston , midway between the Grassmarket and Tollcross , on the edge of Edinburgh 's historic Old Town . The church building was opened in 1860 and is a category A listed building . ", "The devotion to the Sacred Heart -LRB- also known as the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus , Sacratissimi Cordis Iesu in Latin -RRB- is one of the most widely practiced and well-known Roman Catholic devotions , taking Jesus Christ 's physical heart as the representation of his divine love for humanity . This devotion is predominantly used in the Roman Catholic Church and among some high-church Anglicans and Lutherans . The devotion is especially concerned with what the Church deems to be the longsuffering love and compassion of the heart of Christ towards humanity . The origin of this devotion in its modern form is derived from a Roman Catholic nun from France , Saint Margaret Mary Alacoque , who said she learned the devotion from Jesus during a series of apparitions to her between 1673 and 1675 , and later , in the 19th century , from the mystical revelations of another Roman Catholic nun in Portugal , Blessed Mary of the Divine Heart , a religious of the Good Shepherd , who requested in the name of Christ that Pope Leo XIII consecrate the entire world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus . Predecessors to the modern devotion arose unmistakably in the Middle Ages in various facets of Catholic mysticism . ", "The Herz-Jesu-Kirche -LRB- -LSB- Church of the Sacred Heart , Sacred Heart of Jesus -RSB- -RRB- is the largest church in Graz , Austria . It was designed down to the last detail by architect Georg Hauberrisser and constructed from 1881 to 1887 . The church was designed in the Neogothic style , with a large , high nave and under-church . The tower is 109.6 meters tall , making it the third-highest church tower in Austria . Of special note are the stained glass windows , which are among the few extant examples in Austria of Neogothic stained glass . The altar area was remodelled in 1988 by Gustav Troger , just after the centenary of the church . Apart from that , everything is still according to the architect 's concept . ", "CoEur is a devotional and hiking route in Italy and Switzerland . Its Italian subtitle , Nel cuore dei cammini d'Europa , translates as `` In the heart of Europe 's paths . ", "Masbate Cathedral , formally known as the Cathedral-Parish of Saint Anthony of Padua , is a Roman Catholic church located on Quezon Street in Masbate City , Masbate Province , the Philippines . It is the cathedral or seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Masbate . It belongs to the Vicariate of St. Anthony of Padua , which includes also Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish in Malinta , Masbate City and St. Nicholas of Tolentino Parish in Mobo . It was founded in 1578 by Spanish Missionaries . The present rector of the cathedral is Rev. Ismael B. Misolas . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Adam_Lambert", "Now_That's_What_I_Call_Music!_16_-LRB-U.S._series-RRB-", "The_World_Has_Made_Me_the_Man_of_My_Dreams", "Unstoppable_-LRB-Rascal_Flatts_album-RRB-", "Private_Audition" ]

[ "Adam Mitchel Lambert -LRB- born January 29 , 1982 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter and stage actor . Since 2009 , he has sold over 3 million albums and 5 million singles worldwide . Lambert rose to fame in 2009 after finishing as runner-up on the eighth season of American Idol . Later that year , he released his debut album , For Your Entertainment , which debuted at number three on the U.S. Billboard 200 . The album spawned several hit singles , including `` Whataya Want from Me '' , for which he received a Grammy nomination for `` Best Male Pop Vocal Performance '' . In 2012 , Lambert released his second studio album , Trespassing . The album premiered at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 , making him the first openly gay artist to top the album charts . In 2015 , Lambert released his third album , The Original High , which debuted at number three on the U.S. Billboard 200 . Alongside his solo career , Lambert has collaborated with rock band Queen as lead vocalist for Queen + Adam Lambert since 2011 , culminating in a successful world-wide tour from 2014 to 2016 . ", "Now That 's What I Call Music ! 16 was released on July 27 , 2004 . The album is the 16th edition of the -LRB- U.S. -RRB- Now ! series . It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 to become the fifth number-one album in the series and the first since Now ! 9 . It became the fourth album in the series to crossover to the R&B / Hip-Hop albums chart , peaking at number two . Now ! 16 has been certified 3x platinum and features two Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits : `` Hey Ya ! '' and `` Slow Motion '' ", "The World Has Made Me the Man of My Dreams is the seventh studio album by the American musician Meshell Ndegeocello . The album was released in August 2007 . Five of the tracks were previously released on Meshell 's 2006 EP , The Article 3 . In the U.S , The World Has Made Me The Man Of My Dreams peaked at # 186 on the Billboard 200 Albums chart and # 60 on Billboard 's Top R&B Album chart . ", "Unstoppable is the sixth studio album by the American country music group Rascal Flatts . The album was released on April 7 , 2009 , via Lyric Street Records , under the production of Dann Huff and the group . This album is led off by the single , `` Here Comes Goodbye '' , which was released in January 2009 and reached number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in the issue dated April 25 , 2009 . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 in the U.S. with 351,000 copies sold , making it the band 's fourth consecutive number-one debut on the chart . It topped the 1 million mark on October 31 , 2009 . As of June 2010 , the album has sold 1,230,638 copies in the United States . ", "Private Audition is the sixth studio album , released by hard rock band Heart , released in 1982 . The album was on the U.S. Billboard 200 for fourteen weeks , peaking at number twenty-five . It contained the hit single `` This Man Is Mine '' . It is the last Heart album to feature longtime members Mike DeRosier and Steve Fossen , who left after the recording of the album and were replaced by Denny Carmassi and Mark Andes . The album has sold around 400,000 copies in the United States . In 2009 , Private Audition was re-released on the Beat Goes On label as a double CD with their subsequent album Passionworks . Prior to this , Private Audition had been out of print for a number of years and was the most difficult of Heart 's CDs to obtain . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ding_Yanyuhang", "Adrian_Hurley", "Errick_McCollum", "Chris_Lofton", "Gary_Harris" ]

[ "Ding Yanyuhang -LRB- alternate spelling : Yan Yu Hang -RRB- -LRB- , born August 20 , 1993 -RRB- is a Chinese professional basketball player . He currently plays for the Shandong Golden Stars of the Chinese Basketball Association -LRB- CBA -RRB- . ", "Dr. Adrian Hurley OAM -LRB- born 21 April 1944 -RRB- is an Australian former basketball coach and former player . He is now President of Basketball NSW and serves on advisory committees for Basketball Australia and the National Basketball League . ", "Errick `` E '' Lane McCollum II -LRB- born January 22 , 1988 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for Galatasaray Odeabank of the Turkish Basketball Super League . He played college basketball for Goshen . ", "Christopher Franklin Lofton -LRB- born March 27 , 1986 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for Neptūnas Klaipėda of the Lithuanian Basketball League . He played college basketball with the University of Tennessee Volunteers . ", "Gary Harris -LRB- born September 14 , 1994 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- . He played college basketball for Michigan State University . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ding_Yanyuhang", "Adrian_Hurley", "Errick_McCollum", "Chris_Lofton", "Gary_Harris" ]

[ "Ding Yanyuhang -LRB- alternate spelling : Yan Yu Hang -RRB- -LRB- , born August 20 , 1993 -RRB- is a Chinese professional basketball player . He currently plays for the Shandong Golden Stars of the Chinese Basketball Association -LRB- CBA -RRB- . ", "Dr. Adrian Hurley OAM -LRB- born 21 April 1944 -RRB- is an Australian former basketball coach and former player . He is now President of Basketball NSW and serves on advisory committees for Basketball Australia and the National Basketball League . ", "Errick `` E '' Lane McCollum II -LRB- born January 22 , 1988 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for Galatasaray Odeabank of the Turkish Basketball Super League . He played college basketball for Goshen . ", "Christopher Franklin Lofton -LRB- born March 27 , 1986 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for Neptūnas Klaipėda of the Lithuanian Basketball League . He played college basketball with the University of Tennessee Volunteers . ", "Gary Harris -LRB- born September 14 , 1994 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- . He played college basketball for Michigan State University . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Power_user", "Religious_image", "Atlantic_languages", "Public_transport_security", "Cit_-LRB-consciousness-RRB-" ]

[ "A power user or experienced user is a computer user who uses advanced features of computer hardware , operating systems , programs , or web sites which are not used by the average user . A power user may not have extensive technical knowledge of the systems they use and is not necessarily capable of computer programming and system administration , but is rather characterised by the competence to make the broadest or most general use of computer programs or systems . In enterprise software systems , `` Power User '' may be a formal role given to an individual who is not a programmer , but who is a specialist in business software . Often these are people who retain their normal user job role , but also function in testing , training , and first-tier support of the enterprise software . Users may erroneously label themselves as power users when they are less than fully competent . Some software applications are often regarded as being particularly suited for power users , and may even be designed as such , due to their inclusion of sophisticated function and feature sets not typically found in other comparable applications . Examples include VLC media player , a multimedia framework/player/server , which includes a complex , feature-rich , and highly customisable interface -LRB- and multiple interfaces moreover , beyond simple skinning -RRB- with numerous built-in capabilities not typically deemed useful or even understandable to users in the context of other media player suites such as Windows Media Player or iTunes ", "A religious image is a work of visual art that is representational and has a religious purpose , subject or connection . All major historical religions have made some use of religious images , although their use is strictly controlled and often controversial in many religions , especially Abrahamic ones . General terms associated with religious images include cult image , a term for images , especially in sculpture which are or have been claimed to be the object of religious worship in their own right , and icon strictly a term for Eastern Orthodox religious images , but often used more widely , in and outside the area of religion . ", "The Atlantic or West Atlantic languages of West Africa are an obsolete proposed major group of the Niger -- Congo languages . They are those languages west of Kru which have the noun-class systems characteristic of the Niger -- Congo family ; in this they are distinguished from their Mande neighbors , which do not . The Atlantic languages are highly diverse and it is now generally accepted that they do not form a valid group . Linguists such as Dimmendahl , Blench , Hyman , and Segerer classify them into three or more independent branches of Niger -- Congo . The term ` Atlantic languages ' is kept as a geographic term of convenience . The Atlantic languages are spoken along the Atlantic coast from Senegal to Liberia , though transhumant Fula speakers have spread eastward and are found in large numbers across the Sahel , from Senegal to Nigeria , Cameroon and Sudan . Wolof of Senegal and several of the Fula languages are the most populous Atlantic languages , with several million speakers each ; other significant members include Serer and the Jola dialect cluster of Senegal and Temne in Sierra Leone . The Senegambian languages exhibit consonant mutation , and most Atlantic languages have noun-class systems similar to those of the distantly related Bantu languages . Some languages are tonal , while others such as Wolof have pitch-accent systems . The basic word order tends to be SVO . ", "Public transport security refers to measures taken by a mass transit system to keep its passengers and employees safe , to protect the carrier 's equipment , and to make sure other violations do not occur . This includes the enforcement of various rules and regulations , human and video surveillance , the deployment of a transit police force , and other techniques . Public transport security has become a major issue around the world since the September 11 attacks , and especially the 2004 Madrid train bombings . In the United States , the FBI at times has put the nation 's mass transit systems on high alert , and the U.S. Congress has reconsidered cuts in funding following attacks in other parts of the world . . Grants have been given in order to improve security to mass transit systems in the United States , while in the United Kingdom , public transport , due to its `` open nature '' , is considered a major potential target for terrorists . ", "Chit is a Sanskrit word meaning awareness or consciousness , `` true awareness '' , `` to be aware of '' , `` to understand '' , `` to comprehend '' . It is a core principle in all ancient spiritual traditions originating from the Indian subcontinent . In Upanishads it is referred to as the Drishta or the Seer , the Sense that makes sense of all other sense experiences . Chit is one of the three aspects forming the Satcitananda nature of the Absolute , according to the Vedic scriptures . The term is widely used and discussed among Hinduism , Sikhism , Jainism and other religious systems . Chitaranjan is who gives you the feeling of awareness and total consciousness . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Saturn_Award_for_Best_Fantasy_Film", "Best_Actress", "Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_–_Motion_Picture_Drama", "The_Elephant_Man_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Guldbagge_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" ]

[ "The Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film is an award presented to the best film in the fantasy genre by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy & Horror Films . ", "Best Actress is the name of an award which is presented by various film , television and theatre organizations , festivals , and people 's awards to leading actresses in a film , television series , television film or play . The first Best Actress award was awarded for acting in a film , on May 16 , 1929 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences -LRB- AMPAS -RRB- at the Academy Awards to Janet Gaynor for her role of Diane in 7th Heaven , Angela in Street Angel and The Wife - Indre in Sunrise : A Song of Two Humans . In theatre , it was first awarded on April 6 , 1947 by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at the Tony Awards to Ingrid Bergman for her role of Mary Grey / Joan of Arc in Joan of Lorraine and to Helen Hayes for her role of Addie in Happy Birthday . In television , it was first awarded on January 23 , 1951 by Academy of Television Arts & Sciences at the Primetime Emmy Awards to Gertrude Berg for her role of Molly in The Goldbergs . In a film festival , presented as the Volpi Cup , it was first awarded between August 1 -- 20 , 1934 by the Venice Film Festival to Katharine Hepburn for her role of Josephine ` Jo ' March in Little Women . ", "The Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as a separate category in 1951 . Previously , there was a single award for `` Best Actor in a Motion Picture '' but the splitting allowed for recognition of it and the Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy . The formal title has varied since its inception . In 2005 , it was officially called : `` Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama '' . As of 2013 , the wording is `` Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama '' . Notes : '' † '' indicates an Academy Award-winning performance . '' ‡ '' indicates an Academy Award-nominated performance that same year . '' § '' indicates a Golden Globe Award-winning performance that was not nominated for an Academy Award . ", "The Elephant Man is a 1980 American historical drama film about Joseph Merrick -LRB- whom the script calls John Merrick -RRB- , a severely deformed man in late 19th century London . The film was directed by David Lynch and stars John Hurt , Anthony Hopkins , Anne Bancroft , John Gielgud , Wendy Hiller , Michael Elphick , Hannah Gordon and Freddie Jones . It was produced by Jonathan Sanger and Mel Brooks , the latter of whom was intentionally left uncredited to avoid confusion from audiences who possibly would have expected a comedy . The screenplay was adapted by Lynch , Christopher De Vore and Eric Bergren from Frederick Treves 's The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences -LRB- 1923 -RRB- and Ashley Montagu 's The Elephant Man : A Study in Human Dignity -LRB- 1971 -RRB- . It was shot in black-and-white and featured make-up work by Christopher Tucker . The Elephant Man was a critical and commercial success with eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Actor . After receiving widespread criticism for failing to honor the film 's make-up effects , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was prompted to create the Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling the following year . The film also won the BAFTA Awards for Best Film , Best Actor and Best Production Design and was nominated for Golden Globe awards . It also won a French César Award for Best Foreign Film . ", "The Guldbagge for Best Actor in a Leading Role is a Swedish film award presented annually by the Swedish Film Institute -LRB- SFI -RRB- as part of the Guldbagge Awards -LRB- Swedish : `` Guldbaggen '' -RRB- to actors working in the Swedish motion picture industry . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Kung_Fu_Panda", "Weng_Chun", "Killer_Meteors", "Takashi_Nishiyama", "Leung_Siu-lung" ]

[ "Kung Fu Panda is a 2008 American computer-animated action comedy martial arts film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It was directed by John Stevenson and Mark Osborne and produced by Melissa Cobb , and stars the voices of Jack Black , Dustin Hoffman , Angelina Jolie , Ian McShane , Seth Rogen , Lucy Liu , David Cross , Randall Duk Kim , James Hong , and Jackie Chan . Set in a version of ancient China populated by anthropomorphic talking animals , the plot revolves around a bumbling panda named Po who aspires to be a kung fu master . When an evil kung fu warrior is foretold to escape after twenty years in prison , Po is unwittingly named the chosen one destined to defeat him and bring peace to the land , much to the chagrin of the resident kung fu warriors . The idea for the film was conceived by Michael Lachance , a DreamWorks Animation executive . The film was originally intended to be a parody , but director Stevenson decided instead , to shoot an action comedy wuxia film that incorporates the hero 's journey narrative archetype for the lead character . The computer animation in the film was more complex than anything DreamWorks had done before . As with most DreamWorks animated films , Hans Zimmer -LRB- collaborating with John Powell this time -RRB- scored Kung Fu Panda . He visited China to absorb the culture and get to know the China National Symphony Orchestra as part of his preparation . A sequel , Kung Fu Panda 2 , was released on May 26 , 2011 , along with a television series , Kung Fu Panda : Legends of Awesomeness later that same year as a part of a franchise . A second sequel called Kung Fu Panda 3 was released on January 29 , 2016 . Kung Fu Panda premiered in the United States on June 6 , 2008 . The film received critical acclaim upon release . Kung Fu Panda opened in 4,114 theaters , grossing $ 20.3 million on its opening day and $ 60.2 million on its opening weekend , resulting in the number one position at the box office . The film became DreamWorks ' biggest opening for a non-sequel film , the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide , and also had the fourth-largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office , behind Shrek 2 , Shrek the Third , and Shrek Forever After . ", "Weng Chun Kung Fu -LRB- Chinese 永春 meaning `` eternal spring '' , also known as Chi Sim Weng Chun -RRB- is a Chinese Martial Art . Weng Chun in its present form has been preserved and developed by Grand Master Andreas Hoffmann . ", "Killer Meteors , -LRB- Chinese : 風雨雙流星 -RRB- -LRB- or The Killer Meteors , Jackie Chan vs. Wang Yu -RRB- is a Kung Fu 1976 Hong Kong action film , directed by Jimmy Wang Yu and Lo Wei . ", "Takashi Nishiyama -LRB- Japanese : 西山隆志 -RRB- is a Japanese video game designer , director and producer . He started his career at Irem where he worked on early arcade games such as Moon Patrol and Kung-Fu Master . He was co-director of the first Street Fighter game in 1987 . At SNK has worked on games from Fatal Fury , Art of Fighting , King of Fighters and Metal Slug series . ", "Leung Siu-lung , born in 1948 in Hong Kong , is an actor who has appeared in many Hong Kong martial arts movies . He often appeared billed as `` Bruce Leung '' , `` Bruce Liang '' , `` Bruce Leong '' , or `` Bruce Leung Siu-lung '' , and is thus generally grouped among the Bruce Lee clones that sprang up after Lee 's death in the subgenre known as Bruceploitation . Leung learned martial arts from his father at the Cantonese opera . His major style is Goju ryu Karate , he also is a Wing Chun practitioner . Throughout the 1970s and 1980s , he appeared in a large number of martial arts films . Most familiar to Western audiences may be Jim Kelly 's The Tattoo Connection -LRB- in which he only appeared briefly , but choreographed the action sequences -RRB- and Jackie Chan 's Magnificent Bodyguards , which was the first Hong Kong film shot in 3D . He is also known for playing Bruce Lee in the notorious Bruceploitation classic , The Dragon Lives Again . In addition , Leung appeared in his own star vehicles , including My Kung-Fu 12 Kicks , Kung Fu : The Invisible Fist , and Black Belt Karate . Leung retired from acting after 1988 's Ghost Hospital . However , in 2004 , he made a return to the screen as The Beast in Stephen Chow 's Kung Fu Hustle -LRB- which , incidentally , was his first villainous role -RRB- . In 2007 he appeared as himself in the Italy 's documentary Dragonland directed by Lorenzo De Luca . The interview was made by night on the set of Shamo . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "David_Attenborough", "The_Living_Planet", "Alasdair_Milne", "Christopher_Parsons", "Angelmouse" ]

[ "Sir David Frederick Attenborough -LRB- -LSB- ˈætənb ər ə -RSB- born 8 May 1926 -RRB- is an English veteran broadcaster and naturalist . He is best known for writing and presenting the nine Life series , in conjunction with the BBC Natural History Unit , which collectively form a comprehensive survey of animal and plant life on the planet . He is also a former senior manager at the BBC , having served as controller of BBC Two and director of programming for BBC Television in the 1960s and 1970s . He is the only person to have won BAFTAs for programmes in each of black and white , colour , HD , and 3D . Attenborough is widely considered a national treasure in Britain , although he himself does not like the term . In 2002 he was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide poll for the BBC . He is the younger brother of the late director , producer and actor Richard Attenborough , and older brother of the late motor executive John Attenborough . ", "The Living Planet : A Portrait of the Earth is a BBC nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough , first transmitted in the UK from 19 January 1984 . The sequel to his pioneering Life on Earth , it is a study of the ways in which living organisms , including humans , adapt to their surroundings . Each of the twelve 55-minute episodes -LRB- one fewer than his previous series -RRB- featured a different environment . The executive producer was Richard Brock and the music was composed by Elizabeth Parker of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop . Part of David Attenborough 's ` Life ' series , it was followed by The Trials of Life -LRB- 1990 -RRB- . However , before the latter , Attenborough wrote and presented two shorter series : The First Eden -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , about man 's relationship with the natural habitats of the Mediterranean , and Lost Worlds , Vanished Lives -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , concerning the discovery of fossils . ", "Alasdair David Gordon Milne -LRB- 8 October 19308 January 2013 -RRB- was Director-General of the British Broadcasting Corporation between July 1982 and January 1987 . Earlier in his career Milne was a BBC producer involved in founding Tonight in 1957 . Later , after a period outside the BBC , he became Controller of BBC Scotland , and BBC Television 's Director of Programmes . In early 1987 , Milne was forced to resign from his post as DG by the BBC Governors following several difficult years for the Corporation , sustained pressure from the Thatcher government and editorial decisions which proved controversial . ", "Christopher Eugene Parsons OBE -LRB- 23 . August 1932 in Winchester , Hampshire -- 8 November 2002 in Littleton-upon-Severn , Gloucestershire -RRB- was an award-winning English wildlife film-maker and the executive producer of David Attenborough 's Life on Earth , widely regarded as one of the finest and most influential of nature documentaries . As a founding member and a former Head of the BBC Natural History Unit , he worked on many of its early productions and published a history of its first 25 years in 1982 . Besides television , he was also passionate about projects which helped to bring an understanding of the natural world to a wider audience , notably the Wildscreen Festival and ARKive . ", "Angelmouse is a children 's television programme which was produced and broadcast by the BBC . It was aired on CBeebies -LRB- both the separate channel and CBeebies on BBC One and BBC Two -RRB- . It has also been broadcast on ABC Kids . It started from 27 September 1999 and ended on 20 March 2000 . There are also Angelmouse books and plush toys . It was narrated by David Jason who also voiced Danger Mouse , Count Duckula , Toad in The Wind in the Willows , Hugo in Victor and Hugo , The BFG and Father Christmas in Father Christmas and the Missing Reindeer . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Washington_Monument", "S._H._Barnicoat_Monuments", "Statue_of_Hugh_Myddelton,_Islington_Green", "Leningrad_Hero_City_Obelisk", "Granite" ]

[ "The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington , D.C. , built to commemorate George Washington , once commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and the first President of the United States . Located almost due east of the Reflecting Pool and the Lincoln Memorial , the monument , made of marble , granite , and bluestone gneiss , is both the world 's tallest stone structure and the world 's tallest obelisk , standing 554 ft tall according to the National Geodetic Survey -LRB- measured 2013 -- 14 -RRB- or 555 ft tall according to the National Park Service -LRB- measured 1884 -RRB- . It is the tallest monumental column in the world if all are measured above their pedestrian entrances . Construction of the monument began in 1848 , and was halted from 1854 to 1877 due to a lack of funds , a struggle for control over the Washington National Monument Society , and the intervention of the American Civil War . Although the stone structure was completed in 1884 , internal ironwork , the knoll , and other finishing touches were not completed until 1888 . A difference in shading of the marble , visible approximately 150 ft or 27 % up , shows where construction was halted and later resumed with marble from a different source . The original design was by Robert Mills , but he did not include his proposed colonnade due to a lack of funds , proceeding only with a bare obelisk . Despite many proposals to embellish the obelisk , only its original flat top was altered to a pointed marble pyramidion , in 1884 . The cornerstone was laid on July 4 , 1848 ; the first stone was laid atop the unfinished stump on ; the capstone was set on ; the completed monument was dedicated on ; and officially opened . Upon completion , it became the world 's tallest structure , a title previously held by the Cologne Cathedral . The monument held this designation until 1889 , when the Eiffel Tower was completed in Paris , France . The monument was damaged during the 2011 Virginia earthquake and Hurricane Irene in the same year and remained closed to the public while the structure was assessed and repaired . After 32 months of repairs , the National Park Service and the Trust for the National Mall reopened the Washington Monument to visitors on . As of September 2016 , the monument has been closed indefinitely due to reliability issues with the current elevator system . On December 2 , 2016 , the National Park Service announced that the monument would be closed until 2019 in order to modernize the elevator . The $ 2 to 3 million project will correct the elevator 's ongoing mechanical , electrical and computer issues , which have shuttered the monument since August 17 . The National Park Service has also requested funding in its FY 2017 President 's Budget Request to construct a permanent screening facility for the Washington Monument . The Washington Monument is expected to re-open to visitors in 2019 . ", "S. H. Barnicoat Monuments , S. H. Barnicoat Granite Works , or , more recently , Hancock Monument Co. was a granite workshop at 114 Columbia Street , at the corner of Centre Street , in Quincy , Massachusetts . It was housed in a rare surviving 19th-century granite workshop building dating to the 1890s , and was , at the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 , one of the only 19th-century granite workshops operating in the city . Its main feature was a derrick more than 90 ft tall that was used to move granite around the property . The workshop has since been demolished and replaced by a Valvoline lubrication garage and Dunkin Donuts . ", "The Statue of Hugh Myddelton in Islington Green , London , England , commemorates Hugh Myddelton -LRB- 1560 -- 1631 -RRB- near the site of the original terminus of the New River in whose construction he had played a major role . John Thomas -LRB- 1813 -- 1862 -RRB- was commissioned to create the sculpture which was unveiled by the Chancellor of the Exchequer , William Gladstone , in 1862 . It was presented jointly by Sir Samuel Morton Peto , MP for Finsbury , the New River Company , by then a significant local landowner , and the local authority . The statue is made from Sicilian marble supported by a granite plinth . On 29 September 2013 representatives of the Welsh Mines Preservation Trust and New River Action Group laid a wreath at the statue to mark the 400th anniversary of the opening of the New River . ", "Leningrad Hero City Obelisk is a monument in the shape of an obelisk located in Vosstaniya Square in Saint Petersburg , Russia , which was known as Leningrad from 1924 to 1991 . It was installed on Victory Day of May 1985 to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the Red Army 's victory in the German-Soviet War . The monument was designed by architects Vladimir Lukyanov and A. I. Alymov . The Hero-City Obelisk is pentahedral in shape ; its cross section has the shape of a star . In its lower part , the Obelisk is encircled with a bronze wreath covering the joint of the two monoliths . The monument is decorated with bronze high reliefs devoted to the heroic defence of Leningrad while a gold star shines on its top . After the Alexander Column , it is the highest stone monument in Saint Petersburg . When Soviet forces eventually lifted the siege in January 1944 , over one million inhabitants of Leningrad had died from starvation , exposure and German shelling . 300,000 soldiers had perished in the defence and relief of Leningrad . Leningrad was awarded the title Hero City in 1945 , being the first city to receive that distinction . Installing the obelisk required highly skilled builders and fitters . Grey granite resembling the colour of soldier 's overcoat was chosen to make the body of the monument . The rock was obtained from a quarry of the Vozrozhdenie -LRB- literally : Revival -RRB- deposit near the town of Vyborg . On 6 November 1983 , a monolith weighing 2200 tonnes was separated from the source rock with the help of a controlled explosion . The finishing touches and polishing of the granite were done on the site . In early April 1985 , the Obelisk crowned with the `` Gold Star '' was installed onto its pedestal . ", "Granite -LRB- -LSB- pronˈɡrænᵻt -RSB- -RRB- is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture . Granites can be predominantly white , pink , or gray in color , depending on their mineralogy . The word `` granite '' comes from the Latin granum , a grain , in reference to the coarse-grained structure of such a holocrystalline rock . Strictly speaking , granite is an igneous rock with between 20 % and 60 % quartz by volume , and at least 35 % of the total feldspar consisting of alkali feldspar , although commonly the term `` granite '' is used to refer to a wider range of coarse grained igneous rocks containing quartz and feldspar . The term `` granitic '' means granite-like and is applied to granite and a group of intrusive igneous rocks with similar textures and slight variations in composition and origin . These rocks mainly consist of feldspar , quartz , mica , and amphibole minerals , which form an interlocking , somewhat equigranular matrix of feldspar and quartz with scattered darker biotite mica and amphibole -LRB- often hornblende -RRB- peppering the lighter color minerals . Occasionally some individual crystals -LRB- phenocrysts -RRB- are larger than the groundmass , in which case the texture is known as porphyritic . A granitic rock with a porphyritic texture is known as a granite porphyry . Granitoid is a general , descriptive field term for lighter-colored , coarse-grained igneous rocks . Petrographic examination is required for identification of specific types of granitoids . The extrusive igneous rock equivalent of granite is rhyolite . Granite is nearly always massive -LRB- lacking any internal structures -RRB- , hard and tough , and therefore it has gained widespread use throughout human history , and more recently as a construction stone . The average density of granite is between 2.65 and 2.75 g/cm3 -LRB- 165.4 - 171.7 lb/ft3 -RRB- , its compressive strength usually lies above 200 MPa , and its viscosity near STP is 3 -- 6 • 1019 Pa · s. The melting temperature of dry granite at ambient pressure is ; it is strongly reduced in the presence of water , down to 650 ° C at a few kBar pressure . Granite has poor primary permeability , but strong secondary permeability . " ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "Telephone_exchange", "Ericofon", "Call_forwarding", "Citizens_Telecommunications_Company_of_West_Virginia", "Jacob_Golomb" ]

[ "A telephone exchange is a telecommunications system used in the public switched telephone network or in large enterprises . An exchange consists of electronic components and in older systems also human operators that interconnect -LRB- switch -RRB- telephone subscriber lines or virtual circuits of digital systems to establish telephone calls between subscribers . In historical perspective , telecommunication terms have been used with different semantics over time . The term telephone exchange is often used synonymously with central office -LRB- CO -RRB- , a Bell System term . Often , a central office is defined as a building used to house the inside plant equipment of potentially several telephone exchanges , each serving a certain geographical area . Such an area has also been referred to as the exchange . Central office locations may also be identified in North America as wire centers , designating a facility from which a telephone obtains dial tone . For business and billing purposes , telephony carriers also define rate centers , which in larger cities may be clusters of central offices , to define specified geographical locations for determining distance measurements . In the United States and Canada , the Bell System established in the 1940s a uniform system of identifying central offices with a three-digit central office code , that was used as a prefix to subscriber telephone numbers . All central offices within a larger region , typically aggregated by state , were assigned a common numbering plan area code . With the development of international and transoceanic telephone trunks , especially driven by direct customer dialing , similar efforts of systematic organization of the telephone networks occurred in many countries in the mid-20th century . For corporate or enterprise use , a private telephone exchange is often referred to as a private branch exchange -LRB- PBX -RRB- , when it has connections to the public switched telephone network . A PBX is installed in enterprise facilities , typically collocated with large office spaces or within an organizational campus to serve the local private telephone system and any private leased line circuits . Smaller installations might deploy a PBX or key telephone system in the office of a receptionist . ", "The Ericofon is a one-piece plastic telephone created by the Ericsson Company of Sweden and marketed through the second half of the 20th century . It was the first commercially marketed telephone to incorporate the dial and handset into a single unit . Because of its styling and its influence on future telephone design , the Ericofon is considered one of the most significant industrial designs of the 20th century . It is in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City . In Sweden , the Ericofon is known as the cobra telephone for its resemblance to a coiled snake . ", "Call forwarding , or call diversion , is a telephony feature of some telephone switching systems which redirects a telephone call to another destination , which may be , for example , a mobile telephone , voicemail box or another telephone number where the desired called party is available . Call forwarding was invented by Ernest J. Bonanno . In North America , the forwarded line usually rings once to remind the customer using call forwarding that the call is being redirected . More consistently , the forwarded line indicates its condition by stutter dial tone . Call forwarding typically can redirect incoming calls to any other domestic telephone number , but the owner of the forwarded line must pay any toll charges for forwarded calls . Call forwarding is often enabled by dialing * 72 followed by the telephone number to which calls should be forwarded . Once someone answers , call forwarding is in effect . If no one answers or the line is busy , the dialing sequence must be repeated to effect call forwarding . Call forwarding is disabled by dialing * 73 . This feature requires a subscription from the telephone company . Also available in some areas is Remote Access to call forwarding , which permit the control over call forwarding from telephones other than the subscriber 's telephone . VOIP and cable telephone systems also often allow call forwarding to be set up and directed via their web portals . In Europe , most networks indicate that unconditional call forwarding is active with a special dial tone . When the phone is picked up it is immediately apparent that calls are being forwarded . ", "Citizens Telecommunications Company of West Virginia is the local exchange carrier of telephone service in some regions in West Virginia . The company was founded in 1897 as the Short Line Telephone Company . In 1975 , the company changed its name to Mountain State Telephone Company . In 1995 , the company became Citizens Mountain State Telephone Company in 1995 upon its acquisition from Alltel . The company operated separately from Citizens ' existing operations in West Virginia that operated under the Citizens Telecommunications Company of West Virginia name . In 2000 , Citizens Mountain State absorbed the former GTE operations that Citizens acquired in 1994 . At this point , Citizens Mountain State Telephone Company then changed its name to Citizens Telecommunications Company of West Virginia . In 2001 , the company began doing business as Frontier Communications of West Virginia . The company operates separately from Frontier West Virginia , regulated as a Bell Operating Company , which was acquired by Frontier in 2010 . ", "Jacob Golomb is a professor of philosophy at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem . He specializes in Continental philosophy of the 19th and 20th centuries , phenomenology , hermeneutics , psychoanalysis , philosophy and literature ; Philosophy of Zionism and Jewish modern philosophy . Professor Golomb is currently acting as the Philosophical Editor of the Hebrew University Magnes Press and is a member of its academic committee . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Yvonne_Strahovski", "Arturo_Checchi", "Pérez_Celis", "The_Astronaut_Wives_Club", "Ingrid_Falk_-LRB-artist-RRB-" ]

[ "Yvonne Jaqueline Strzechowski -LRB- born 30 July 1982 -RRB- , known professionally as Yvonne Strahovski -LRB- -LSB- strəˈhɒvski -RSB- -RRB- , is an Australian actress . She is best known for her roles as CIA Agent Sarah Walker in the NBC series Chuck -LRB- 2007 -- 2012 -RRB- , Hannah McKay in the Showtime series Dexter -LRB- 2012 -- 2013 -RRB- and CIA Agent Kate Morgan in the Fox limited event television series 24 : Live Another Day -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Strahovski 's other notable works include Lego : The Adventures of Clutch Powers -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Killer Elite -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , I , Frankenstein -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , The Astronaut Wives Club -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and Manhattan Night -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . She has also voiced Miranda Lawson in the Mass Effect video game series and Batwoman in the animated film Batman : Bad Blood -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . ", "Arturo Checchi -LRB- 1886 -- 24 December 1971 -RRB- was an Italian artist active in Tuscany . His paintings and sculptures are in an expressionist style . ", "Celis Pérez -LRB- January 15 , 1939August 2 , 2008 -RRB- was an Argentine artist usually referred to as Pérez Celis . He earned international recognition for his paintings , sculptures , murals and engravings . ", "The Astronaut Wives Club is an American period drama television series developed by Stephanie Savage for ABC . It is based on Lily Koppel 's book of the same name . The series tells the story of the wives of the Mercury Seven -- America 's first group of astronauts . Actresses Dominique McElligott , Yvonne Strahovski , Joanna García Swisher , Erin Cummings , Azure Parsons , Zoe Boyle , and Odette Annable play the roles of the astronauts ' wives . The Astronaut Wives Club premiered on June 18 , 2015 . Following the completion of its run , the series ' developer noted the series had been planned as a mini-series , telling a complete story . However , co-creator Stephanie Savage revealed in an interview with Variety that the producers were interested in making the series an anthology in case it gained a renewal for a second season . Possible seasons would have featured wives of men in the 1920s , wives of World War II soldiers , wives of men who work on Wall Street , and wives of men in the 1980s , among other possible scenarios . ", "Ingrid Falk -LRB- born 1960 in Sweden -RRB- is a painter , installation artist and curator . In 1992 formed the art collective FA + in collaboration with her husband , Gustavo Aguerre . Amongst the artists who have worked with FA + are Nicola Pellegrini , Otonella Mocellin , Daniel Wetter and Lennie Lee . Together Ingrid Falk and Gustavo Aguerre have worked on a number of site-specific installations throughout Europe . These involve large-scale installations , photographic projections , sculptures and video installations . Falk has exhibited in a number of important museums and private galleries throughout Europe . Ingrid Falk and Gustavo Aguerre assembled 3,053 pieces of toast into a large mosaic of a toaster in late 1999 -- they are attributed with spreading toast as an art medium . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Anneliese_van_der_Pol", "Van_der_Heijden", "2013_UCI_Cyclo-cross_World_Championships_–_Men's_junior_race", "Don't_Play_Us_Cheap_-LRB-soundtrack-RRB-", "Van_de_Ven" ]

[ "Anneliese Louise van der Pol -LRB- Born September 23 , 1984 -RRB- is a Dutch and American actress , singer , model , and dancer . Following her early career in musical theatre , she was best known for her role as Chelsea Daniels on That 's So Raven . Van der Pol also has a career as a singer and has recorded several songs for The Walt Disney Company . She made her Broadway debut in 2007 , and appeared Off-Broadway in 2009 . She has also acted in the 2010 vampire spoof film Vampires Suck directed by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer . ", "Van der Heijden is a Dutch toponymic surname meaning `` from the heath '' -LRB- modern Dutch heide -RRB- . Variant spellings are Van der Heijde , Van der Heyden and concatenated forms . The surnames Van der Heide , Verheijen and Verheyen have the same origin . Notable people with the surname include : Van der Heijden A. F. Th . van der Heijden -LRB- born 1951 -RRB- , Dutch writer Andrew van der Heijden -LRB- born 1984 -RRB- , New Zealand rugby player Dennis van der Heijden -LRB- born 1997 -RRB- , Dutch footballer Frans Jozef van der Heijden -LRB- 1938 -- 2016 -RRB- , Dutch politician Harold van der Heijden -LRB- born 1960 -RRB- , Dutch chess composer Hein van der Heijden -LRB- born 1958 -RRB- , Dutch actor Jan-Arie van der Heijden -LRB- born 1988 -RRB- , Dutch footballer -LRB- 1826 -- 1900 -RRB- , Dutch general Laura van der Heijden -LRB- born 1990 -RRB- , Dutch handball player Laura van der Heijden -LRB- born 1997 -RRB- , British musician Michael van der Heijden -LRB- born 1982 -RRB- , Dutch footballer Michiel van der Heijden -LRB- born 1992 -RRB- , Dutch cyclist Milou van der Heijden -LRB- born 1990 -RRB- , Dutch squash player Patrick van der Heijden -LRB- born 1992 -RRB- , Brazilian field hockey player Paul F. van der Heijden -LRB- born 1949 -RRB- , Dutch legal scholar Yuri van der Heijden -LRB- born 1990 -RRB- , Brazilian field hockey player Vanderheijden Grietje Vanderheijden -LRB- born 1978 -RRB- , Belgian actress Van der Heijde Amber van der Heijde -LRB- born 1988 -RRB- , Dutch footballer Van der Heyde Nikolai van der Heyde -LRB- born 1936 -RRB- , Dutch film director and screenwriter Van der Heyden Abraham van der Heyden -LRB- 1597-1678 -RRB- , Dutch Calvinist minister and controversialist Jacob van der Heyden -LRB- 1573 -- 1645 -RRB- , Flemish Baroque painter , sculptor and engraver Jan van der Heyden -LRB- 1637-1712 -RRB- , Dutch painter , draughtsman , printmaker , and inventor Jasper Van Der Heyden -LRB- born 1995 -RRB- , Belgian footballer -LRB- 1926 -- 2011 -RRB- , Dutch film director and screenwriter Jelle van der Heyden -LRB- born 1995 -RRB- , Dutch footballer Ludo Van der Heyden , Belgian-American management scholar Peter Van Der Heyden -LRB- born 1976 -RRB- , Belgian professional football player Pieter van der Heyden -LRB- c. 1530 -- 1572 -RRB- , Flemish printmaker Stéphane Van Der Heyden -LRB- born 1969 -RRB- , Belgian professional football player Todd van der Heyden -LRB- born 1973 -RRB- , Canadian television reporter and news anchor Vanderheyden Jan Vanderheyden -LRB- 1890 -- 1961 -RRB- , Belgian comedy film producer and director JCJ Vanderheyden -LRB- 1928-2012 -RRB- , Dutch painter and photographer Sandra Vander-Heyden -LRB- born 1964 -RRB- , American field hockey player ", "This event was held on February 2 , 2013 as a part of the 2013 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships . Just like last year , Mathieu van der Poel of Netherlands took the gold , becoming the first person ever to win the junior 's event twice . ", "Do n't Play Us Cheap is the cast album and soundtrack to Melvin Van Peebles ' 1972 Broadway musical , Do n't Play Us Cheap , and its 1973 film adaptation , which share the same song selections and cast . ", "Van de Ven , Van der Ven and Vandeven are toponymic surnames of Dutch origin . The original bearer may have lived or worked near a ven , a Dutch term for a small lake , like fen -LRB- `` veen '' in Dutch -RRB- derived from the Proto-Germanic Reconstruction : Proto-Germanic/fanj ą . Van der Plas and Van der Poel are equivalent Dutch surnames . The name -LRB- in the form of van den Venne -RRB- can be found as early as the first part of the 14th century in Oirschot . The name is quite common in the Netherlands , ranking 41st in 2007 -LRB- 16,282 people -RRB- . People with this surname include : Andrew H. Van de Ven -LRB- born 1945 -RRB- , American business theorist Cornelius Van de Ven -LRB- 1865 -- 1932 -RRB- , Dutch-born American Roman Catholic bishop Hans van de Ven -LRB- born 1958 -RRB- , Dutch sinologist Heather Vandeven -LRB- born 1981 -RRB- , American model and actress Jan van de Ven -LRB- 1925-2013 -RRB- , Dutch politician Kirsten van de Ven -LRB- born 1985 -RRB- , Dutch footballer Monique van de Ven -LRB- born 1952 -RRB- , Dutch actress and film director Peter van de Ven -LRB- born 1961 -RRB- , Dutch footballer -LRB- 1931 -- 2014 -RRB- , Dutch mathematician Ton van de Ven -LRB- 1944 -- 2015 -RRB- , Dutch industrial designer Van der Ven : Dirk van der Ven -LRB- born 1970 -RRB- , Dutch footballer -LRB- 1907 -- 1988 -RRB- , Dutch jurist Kees van der Ven -LRB- born ca. 1956 -RRB- , Dutch motorcycle racer -LRB- born 1975 -RRB- , Dutch cyclist Rick van der Ven -LRB- born 1991 -RRB- , Dutch archer " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Military_deception", "On_Killing", "Basic_Training_–_Initial_Military_Training", "Operation_Ferdinand", "John_Bevan_-LRB-British_Army_officer-RRB-" ]

[ "Military deception refers to attempts to mislead enemy forces during warfare . This is usually achieved by creating or amplifying an artificial fog of war via psychological operations , information warfare , visual deception and other methods . As a form of strategic use of information -LRB- disinformation -RRB- , it overlaps with psychological warfare . To the degree that any enemy that falls for the deception will lose confidence when it is revealed , he may hesitate when confronted with the truth . Deception in warfare dates back to early history . The Art of War , an ancient Chinese military treatise , puts great emphasis on the tactic . In modern times military deception has developed as a fully fledged doctrine . Misinformation and visual deception were employed during World War I and came into even greater prominence during World War II . In the buildup to the 1944 invasion of Normandy the Allies executed one of the largest deceptions in military history , Operation Bodyguard , helping them achieve full tactical surprise . ", "On Killing : The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society is a book by Dave Grossman exploring the psychology of the act of killing , and the military and law enforcement establishments ' attempt to understand and deal with the consequences of killing . ", "Basic Training is the initial period of training for new military personnel typified by intense physical activity , psychological stress and the development of social cohesion . Besides physical fitness and basic soldiering skills , the larger goal is to transform a recruit or draftee from a civilian to a military mindset . ", "Operation Ferdinand was a military deception employed by the Allies during the Second World War . It formed part of Operation Bodyguard , a major strategic deception intended to misdirect and confuse German high command about Allied invasion plans during 1944 . Ferdinand consisted of strategic and tactical deceptions intended to draw attention away from the Operation Dragoon landing areas in southern France by threatening an invasion of Genoa in Italy . Planned by Eugene Sweeney in June and July 1944 and operated until early September , it has been described as `` quite the most successful of ` A ' Force 's strategic deceptions '' . It helped the Allies achieve complete tactical surprise in their landings and pinned down German troops in the Genoa region until late July . ", "Colonel John Henry `` Johnny '' Bevan -LRB- 5 April 1894 -- 3 December 1978 -RRB- was a British Army officer who , during the Second World War , made an important contribution to military deception culminating in Operation Bodyguard ; the deception plan to cover the D-Day landings in Normandy . In civilian life he was a respected stockbroker in his father 's firm . Bevan had an upper-class upbringing , including an education at Eton and Oxford . During the First World War he fought with the Hertfordshire Regiment in France and later became involved with intelligence analysis . His latter work came to the attention of wartime leaders , including Winston Churchill . Bevan stayed in the army for a while following the end of the war , and then took up a career in stock brokerage . He joined his father 's firm , got married , and built up his profile as an honest businessman . At the outbreak of the Second World War , Bevan was recalled to his Territorial Army regiment and assigned as a staff officer during the early campaigns in Norway . In 1941 he was seconded to the London Controlling Section -LRB- LCS -RRB- , a department set up to oversee strategic deception planning for the Allies . Oliver Stanley , the LCS 's previous head , was in the process of returning to politics so Bevan was given command of the unit . Upon his arrival the LCS was struggling to maintain its authority against the armed forces establishment . Bevan and his deputy , Dennis Wheatley , used their social connections -LRB- and a broad charter from high command -RRB- to enable the department to put plans into operation . In 1943 Bevan helped establish Ops -LRB- B -RRB- -LRB- a deception department within COSSAC -RRB- and plan Operation Cockade . Intended to tie up German forces in western Europe , the operation was not a success . However , building on the lessons learned from Cockade -LRB- and from Dudley Clarke in the Mediterranean -RRB- Bevan created Operation Bodyguard , which historians agree contributed to the success of the Operation Overlord landings in 1944 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "The_Fly_II", "Alex_Drake", "Griffin_-LRB-The_Invisible_Man-RRB-", "Crimes_of_the_Future", "Outline_of_science_fiction" ]

[ "The Fly II is a 1989 science fiction horror film starring Eric Stoltz and Daphne Zuniga . It was directed by Chris Walas as a sequel to the 1986 Academy Award-winning film The Fly , itself a remake of the 1958 film of the same name . Stoltz 's character in this sequel is the adult son of Seth Brundle , the scientist-turned - ` Brundlefly ' , played by Jeff Goldblum in the 1986 remake . With the exception of stock footage of Goldblum from the first film , John Getz was the only actor to reprise his role . ", "DI Alexandra `` Alex '' Drake is a fictional character in BBC One 's science fiction/police procedural drama , Ashes to Ashes . The character is portrayed by Keeley Hawes and as a child by Lucy Cole . ", "Dr. Griffin is a fictional character , also known as The Invisible Man , who appears as the titular protagonist in H.G. Wells ' 1897 science fiction novella The Invisible Man . In the original novel , Griffin is a scientist whose research in optics and experiments into changing the human body 's refractive index to that of air results in his becoming invisible . The character has become iconic , particularly in horror fiction , and versions and variations have appeared throughout various media . ", "Crimes of the Future is a 1970 Canadian science fiction film written , shot , edited , and directed by David Cronenberg . Like Cronenberg 's previous feature , Stereo , Crimes was shot silent with a commentary added afterwards . The commentary is spoken by the character Adrian Tripod -LRB- Ronald Mlodzik -RRB- . The film is set in 1997 . ", "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to science fiction : Science fiction -- a genre of fiction dealing with the impact of imagined innovations in science or technology , often in a futuristic setting . Exploring the consequences of such innovations is the traditional purpose of science fiction , making it a `` literature of ideas '' . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "The_Fly_II", "Alex_Drake", "Griffin_-LRB-The_Invisible_Man-RRB-", "Crimes_of_the_Future", "Outline_of_science_fiction" ]

[ "The Fly II is a 1989 science fiction horror film starring Eric Stoltz and Daphne Zuniga . It was directed by Chris Walas as a sequel to the 1986 Academy Award-winning film The Fly , itself a remake of the 1958 film of the same name . Stoltz 's character in this sequel is the adult son of Seth Brundle , the scientist-turned - ` Brundlefly ' , played by Jeff Goldblum in the 1986 remake . With the exception of stock footage of Goldblum from the first film , John Getz was the only actor to reprise his role . ", "DI Alexandra `` Alex '' Drake is a fictional character in BBC One 's science fiction/police procedural drama , Ashes to Ashes . The character is portrayed by Keeley Hawes and as a child by Lucy Cole . ", "Dr. Griffin is a fictional character , also known as The Invisible Man , who appears as the titular protagonist in H.G. Wells ' 1897 science fiction novella The Invisible Man . In the original novel , Griffin is a scientist whose research in optics and experiments into changing the human body 's refractive index to that of air results in his becoming invisible . The character has become iconic , particularly in horror fiction , and versions and variations have appeared throughout various media . ", "Crimes of the Future is a 1970 Canadian science fiction film written , shot , edited , and directed by David Cronenberg . Like Cronenberg 's previous feature , Stereo , Crimes was shot silent with a commentary added afterwards . The commentary is spoken by the character Adrian Tripod -LRB- Ronald Mlodzik -RRB- . The film is set in 1997 . ", "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to science fiction : Science fiction -- a genre of fiction dealing with the impact of imagined innovations in science or technology , often in a futuristic setting . Exploring the consequences of such innovations is the traditional purpose of science fiction , making it a `` literature of ideas '' . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Dissociative_identity_disorder", "Psychological_trauma", "Traumatology", "Zou_huo_ru_mo", "MIMD" ]

[ "Dissociative identity disorder -LRB- DID -RRB- , also known as multiple personality disorder -LRB- MPD -RRB- , is a mental disorder characterized by at least two distinct and relatively enduring identities or dissociated personality states . These states alternately show in a person 's behavior , accompanied by memory impairment for important information not explained by ordinary forgetfulness . These symptoms are not accounted for by substance abuse , seizures , or other medical conditions , nor by imaginative play in children . Dissociative symptoms range from common lapses in attention , becoming distracted by something else , and daydreaming , to pathological dissociative disorders . Symptoms vary over time . Dissociative disorders , including DID , have been attributed to disruptions in memory caused by trauma or other forms of stress . Research on this hypothesis has been characterized by poor methodology . An alternative hypothesis is that DID is a by-product of techniques employed by some therapists , especially those using hypnosis , and disagreement between the two positions is characterized by intense debate . DID is one of the most controversial psychiatric disorders , with no clear consensus on diagnostic criteria or treatment . No systematic , empirically supported definition of `` dissociation '' exists . Diagnosis is often difficult , as the entity is frequently associated with other mental disorders . Differential diagnosis should consider malingering if the individual 's principal concern is with financial or forensic gain or with the avoidance of obligations ; and factitious disorder , if the individual 's principal concern is with assuming a patient role . It is generally believed that DID rarely resolves spontaneously . In general , the prognosis is poor , especially for those with comorbid disorders . There is little systematic data on rates of the condition . It is believed to affect between 1 % and 3 % of the general population , and between 1 % and 5 % in inpatient groups in Europe and North America . DID is diagnosed more frequently in North America than in the rest of the world , and is diagnosed three to nine times more often in females than in males . Rates of diagnoses increased greatly in the latter half of the 20th century , along with the number of identities -LRB- often referred to as `` alters '' -RRB- claimed by people -LRB- increasing from an average of two or three to approximately 16 -RRB- . DID is also controversial within the legal system , where it has been used as a rarely successful form of the insanity defense . The 1990s showed a parallel increase in the number of court cases involving the diagnosis . DID became a popular diagnosis in the 1970s , '80s , and '90s , but it is unclear whether the actual rate of the disorder increased , whether it was more recognized by health care providers , or whether sociocultural factors caused an increase in therapy-induced -LRB- iatrogenic -RRB- presentations . The unusual number of diagnoses after 1980 , clustered around a small number of clinicians , and the suggestibility characteristic of those with DID , support the hypothesis that DID is therapist-induced . The unusual clustering of diagnoses has also been explained as due to a lack of awareness and training among clinicians to recognize cases of DID . ", "Psychological trauma is a type of damage to the mind that occurs as a result of a severely distressing event . Trauma is often the result of an overwhelming amount of stress that exceeds one 's ability to cope , or integrate the emotions involved with that experience . A traumatic event involves one 's experience , or repeating events of being overwhelmed that can be precipitated in weeks , years , or even decades as the person struggles to cope with the immediate circumstances , eventually leading to serious , long-term negative consequences . However , trauma differs between individuals , according to their subjective experiences . People will react to similar events differently . In other words , not all people who experience a potentially traumatic event will actually become psychologically traumatized . This discrepancy in risk rate can be attributed to protective factors some individuals may have that enable them to cope with trauma . Some examples are mild exposure to stress early in life , resilience characteristics , and active seeking of help . ", "In medicine , traumatology -LRB- from Greek trauma , meaning injury or wound -RRB- is the study of wounds and injuries caused by accidents or violence to a person , and the surgical therapy and repair of the damage . Traumatology is a branch of medicine . It is often considered a subset of surgery and in countries without the specialty of trauma surgery it is most often a sub-specialty to orthopedic surgery . Traumatology may also be known as accident surgery . Branches of traumatology : Branches of traumatology include medical traumatology and psychological traumatolgy . Medical Traumatology can be defined as the study of specializing in the treatment of wounds and injuries caused by violence or general accidents . This type of traumatology focuses on the surgical procedures and future physical therapy a patients need to repair the damage and recover properly . Psychological traumatology is a type of damage to one 's mind due to a distressing event . This type of trauma can also be the result of overwhelming amounts of stress in one 's life . Psychological trauma usually involves some type of physical trauma that poses as a threat to one 's sense of security and survival . Psychological trauma often leaves people feeling overwhelmed , anxious , and threatened -LRB- Emotional and Psychological Trauma -RRB- . Types of trauma : When it comes to types of trauma , medical and psychological traumatology go hand in hand . Types of trauma include car accidents , gunshot wounds , concussions , PTSD from incidents , etc. . Medical traumas are repaired with surgeries , however they can still cause psychological trauma and other stress factors . For example , a teenager in a car accident who broke their wrist needed extensive surgery to save their arm . It is possible for that child to get anxiety when driving in a car post accident . PTSD can be diagnosed after a person experiences one or more intense and traumatic events and react with fear with complaints from three categorical symptoms lasting one month or longer . These categories are : re-experiencing the traumatic event , avoiding anything associated with the trauma , and increased symptoms of increased psychological arousal -LRB- Bellis , M.D. p. 555 -RRB- . Guidelines for essential trauma care : Airway management , monitoring , and management of injuries are all key guidelines when it comes to medical trauma care . Airway management is a key component of emergency on-scene care . Using a systematic approach , first responders must access that a patient 's airway is not blocked in order to reinsure the patient gets enough circulation and remain as calm as they can -LRB- Mock , C. p , 19 -RRB- . Monitoring patients and making sure their body does not go into shock is another essential guideline when it comes to medical trauma care . Nurses are required to watch over patients and check blood-pressure , heart rate , etc. to make sure that patients are doing well and are not crashing . When it comes to managing injuries , head and neck injures require the most care post surgery . Head-injuries are one of the major causes of trauma related death and disabilities worldwide . It is important for patients of head trauma to get CT scans post surgery to insure that there are no problems -LRB- Mock , C. p. 28-30 -RRB- . Guidelines for Psychological trauma care : There are many different types of care in order to help people overcome the anxiety and stress that comes with psychological trauma . According to the American Psychological Association , professional psychologists have a doctoral degree in psychology . There are many different branches of psychology that cater to any person 's needs . The most popular branch of psychology for people who suffer from psychological trauma is cognitive psychology and clinical psychology . If a person is n't ready to seek help just yet , they can make efforts to exercise more and socialize with a group of people they feel safe with . Trauma disturbs the body 's natural equilibrium which can put your body in a state of fear and hyper-arousal -LRB- Emotional and Psychological Trauma -RRB- . Exercising for 30 minutes a day allows your nervous system to unfreeze from a traumatic state . Being surrounded by a good support system and not isolating yourself is a huge factor when it comes to treating psychological trauma . Participating in social activities , volunteering , and making new friends are all ways to help forget about or cope with traumatic events that have taken place . One of the hardest things to do when it comes to overcoming psychological trauma is simply resolving the events that one has been avoiding . -LRB- Emotional and Psychological Trauma -RRB- . When to seek professional help : It is time to seek professional help if one is still suffering from severe anxiety , having nightmares or flashbacks , experiencing an increase in alcohol and drug use . The best way for a patient to find a psychologist or a trauma therapist is to contact their insurance company . When seeking professional help , it is very important for the patient to mesh well and feel comfortable with their psychologist in order to get the best results . ", "Zou huo ru mo or `` qigong deviation '' , is a Chinese term traditionally used to indicate that something has gone wrong in spiritual or martial arts training , applied to describe a physiological or psychological disorder believed to result during or after qigong practice , believed by the qigong community to result from `` improper practice '' of qigong and other self-cultivation techniques , and highlighted in the social and political context of mass popularization of qigong in China . ", "In computing , MIMD -LRB- multiple instruction , multiple data -RRB- is a technique employed to achieve parallelism . Machines using MIMD have a number of processors that function asynchronously and independently . At any time , different processors may be executing different instructions on different pieces of data . MIMD architectures may be used in a number of application areas such as computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing , simulation , modeling , and as communication switches . MIMD machines can be of either shared memory or distributed memory categories . These classifications are based on how MIMD processors access memory . Shared memory machines may be of the bus-based , extended , or hierarchical type . Distributed memory machines may have hypercube or mesh interconnection schemes . " ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Annabelle_-LRB-doll-RRB-", "Ed_and_Lorraine_Warren", "Prix_Erckmann-Chatrian", "Alsace-Lorraine_Independent_Brigade_-LRB-France-RRB-", "Guide_dog" ]

[ "Annabelle is a Raggedy Ann doll alleged by demonologists Ed and Lorraine Warren to be haunted . The doll resides in a glass box at The Warrens ' Occult Museum in Monroe , Connecticut . The story served as the inspiration for the films Annabelle -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the upcoming , Annabelle : Creation -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Annabelle has been compared to Robert the Doll and was described in Gerald Brittle 's 2002 biography of Ed and Lorraine Warren , The Demonologist . ", "Edward Warren Miney -LRB- September 7 , 1926 -- August 23 , 2006 -RRB- and Lorraine Rita Warren -LRB- née Moran , born January 31 , 1927 -RRB- were a married Roman Catholic couple who were highly controversial American paranormal investigators and authors associated with prominent cases of hauntings . Edward was a World War II United States Navy veteran and former police officer who became a self-taught and self-professed demonologist , author , and lecturer . Lorraine professes to be clairvoyant and a light trance medium who worked closely with her husband . In 1952 , the Warrens founded the New England Society for Psychic Research , the oldest ghost hunting group in New England . They authored numerous books about the paranormal and about their private investigations into various reports of paranormal activity . They claimed to have investigated over 10,000 cases during their career . The Warrens were among the very first investigators in the controversial Amityville haunting . According to the Warrens , the N.E.S.P.R. utilizes a variety of individuals , including medical doctors , researchers , police officers , nurses , college students , and members of the clergy in its investigations . Stories of ghost hauntings popularized by the Warrens have been adapted as , or have indirectly inspired , dozens of films , television series and documentaries , including 17 films in the Amityville Horror series alone . Other adaptations include the 2013 movie The Conjuring , its prequel/spinoff from 2014 , Annabelle , and its sequel , The Conjuring 2 , released in 2016 . Skeptics Perry DeAngelis and Steve Novella have investigated the Warren 's evidence and found it all to be `` blarney '' . Skeptical investigators Joe Nickell and Ben Radford concluded that the more famous hauntings , Amityville and the Snedeker 's , did not happen and had been `` invented '' . ", "The prix Erckmann-Chatrian is a literary award from Lorraine , awarded every year since 1925 in memory of the literary duo Erckmann-Chatrian . It rewards a written prose work by someone form Lorraine or about Lorraine . It is often nicknamed the `` Goncourt lorrain '' . The jury consists of literary figures of the four Lorraine departments . In 1989 , a scholarship was added to the prize , a scholarship for historical narrative and monograph . In 1993 , this scholarship was divided into `` scholarship for history '' and `` scholarship for monograph '' . ", "The Alsace-Lorraine Independent Brigade -LRB- Brigade indépendente Alsace-Lorraine , or BIAL -RRB- , usually known as the Alsace-Lorraine Brigade or sometimes as the Brigade Malraux , was a French Forces of the Interior -LRB- FFI -RRB- unit that fought alongside regular French Army forces in World War II during the closing months of 1944 and early 1945 . ", "Guide dogs , -LRB- also known as service animals , assistance animals or colloquially as seeing eye dogs -RRB- , are assistance dogs trained to lead blind and visually impaired people around obstacles . Although the dogs can be trained to navigate various obstacles , lots of them are -LRB- red -- green -RRB- color blind and are not capable of interpreting street signs . The human does the directing , based on skills acquired through previous mobility training . The handler might be likened to an aircraft 's navigator , who must know how to get from one place to another , and the dog is the pilot , who gets them there safely . In several countries , guide dogs , along with most service and hearing dogs , are exempt from regulations against the presence of animals in places such as restaurants and public transportation . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Henry_Cavill", "Kiersey_Clemons", "Wildcat_-LRB-Yolanda_Montez-RRB-", "Cyborg_Superman", "Avalon_-LRB-DC_Comics-RRB-" ]

[ "Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill -LRB- -LSB- ˈkævᵻl -RSB- born 5 May 1983 -RRB- is a British actor . Cavill began his career starring in the film adaptations of The Count of Monte Cristo -LRB- 2002 -RRB- and I Capture the Castle -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . He later appeared in minor and supporting roles in television shows such as BBC 's The Inspector Lynley Mysteries , ITV 's Midsomer Murders and Showtime 's The Tudors -LRB- 2007-10 -RRB- , then crossed to mainstream Hollywood films such as Tristan & Isolde -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Stardust -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Blood Creek -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Immortals -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Cavill starred as Charles Brandon , 1st Duke of Suffolk in the Showtime television series The Tudors ; and in 2008 became the official spokesman for the Dunhill fragrance collection for men . Cavill gained further prominence and international fame playing the titular superhero Superman in the DC Extended Universe starting with the 2013 reboot film Man of Steel , originally the highest-grossing Superman film of all time until it was surpassed by 2016 's Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice , where he reprised his role as Superman ; making it his highest-grossing film to date . In 2015 , he co-starred with Armie Hammer in the spy film The Man from U.N.C.L.E. ", "Kiersey Nicole Clemons -LRB- born December 17 , 1993 -RRB- is an American actress and singer . Clemons is best known for portraying Cassandra `` Diggy '' Andrews in the acclaimed 2015 comedy-drama film Dope . Her other notable roles include Transparent , Extant and Neighbors 2 : Sorority Rising . Clemons is cast as Iris West in the DC Extended Universe . ", "Yolanda Montez is a fictional superheroine in DC Comics ' shared universe , the DC universe . Her first appearance was in Infinity Inc. # 12 -LRB- March 1985 -RRB- . She was created by Roy Thomas , Dannette Thomas and Don Newton . __ TOC __ ", "Cyborg Superman is a persona that has been used by two fictional characters in the DC Universe , both of which are supervillains that appear in comic books published by DC Comics . ", "Avalon is the name of two fictional locations in the DC Comics universe . They are inspired by the mythical Avalon of Arthurian legend . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Michael_of_Alexandria", "Qatar", "Qatari_Super_Cup", "Alexander_II_of_Alexandria", "1994_Qatar_Open" ]

[ "Michael of Alexandria may refer to : Pope Michael I of Alexandria , ruled in 743 -- 767 Patriarch Michael I of Alexandria , Greek Patriarch of Alexandria in 860 -- 870 Patriarch Michael II of Alexandria , Greek Patriarch of Alexandria in 870 -- 903 ", "Qatar -LRB- -LSB- ˈkætɑːr -RSB- , -LSB- kəˈtɑːr -RSB- قطر -LSB- ˈqɑtˤɑr -RSB- Local vernacular pronunciation : -LSB- ˈɡɪtˤɑr -RSB- -RRB- , officially the State of Qatar , is a sovereign country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain , as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran . Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since the early 19th century . Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was the founder of the State of Qatar . Qatar is a hereditary monarchy and its head of state is Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani . Whether it should be regarded as a constitutional or an absolute monarchy is a matter of opinion . In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98 % in favour . In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates . Qatar is a high income economy , backed by the world 's third largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . The country has the highest per capita income in the world . Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is the most advanced Arab state for human development . Qatar is a significant power in the Arab world , supporting several rebel groups during the Arab Spring both financially and through its globally expanding media group , Al Jazeera Media Network . For its size , Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world , and has been identified as a middle power . Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup , becoming the first Arab country to do so . ", "The Qatar Super Cup -LRB- called the Sheikh Jassim Cup for sponsorship reasons -RRB- is an annual men 's cup competition in Qatari football held between the winner of the Qatar Stars League and the Emir of Qatar Cup . ", "Alexander II of Alexandria may refer to : Pope Alexander II of Alexandria , ruled in 702 -- 729 Patriarch Alexander II of Alexandria , Greek Patriarch of Alexandria in 1059 -- 1062 ", "The 1994 Qatar Open , known as the 1994 Qatar ExxonMobil Open for sponsorship reasons , was an ATP tournament held in Doha , Qatar . The tournament was held from January 3 to January 10 . Stefan Edberg won his first title of the year and the 39th of his career . " ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Michael_of_Alexandria", "Qatar", "Qatari_Super_Cup", "Alexander_II_of_Alexandria", "1994_Qatar_Open" ]

[ "Michael of Alexandria may refer to : Pope Michael I of Alexandria , ruled in 743 -- 767 Patriarch Michael I of Alexandria , Greek Patriarch of Alexandria in 860 -- 870 Patriarch Michael II of Alexandria , Greek Patriarch of Alexandria in 870 -- 903 ", "Qatar -LRB- -LSB- ˈkætɑːr -RSB- , -LSB- kəˈtɑːr -RSB- قطر -LSB- ˈqɑtˤɑr -RSB- Local vernacular pronunciation : -LSB- ˈɡɪtˤɑr -RSB- -RRB- , officially the State of Qatar , is a sovereign country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain , as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran . Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since the early 19th century . Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was the founder of the State of Qatar . Qatar is a hereditary monarchy and its head of state is Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani . Whether it should be regarded as a constitutional or an absolute monarchy is a matter of opinion . In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98 % in favour . In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates . Qatar is a high income economy , backed by the world 's third largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . The country has the highest per capita income in the world . Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is the most advanced Arab state for human development . Qatar is a significant power in the Arab world , supporting several rebel groups during the Arab Spring both financially and through its globally expanding media group , Al Jazeera Media Network . For its size , Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world , and has been identified as a middle power . Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup , becoming the first Arab country to do so . ", "The Qatar Super Cup -LRB- called the Sheikh Jassim Cup for sponsorship reasons -RRB- is an annual men 's cup competition in Qatari football held between the winner of the Qatar Stars League and the Emir of Qatar Cup . ", "Alexander II of Alexandria may refer to : Pope Alexander II of Alexandria , ruled in 702 -- 729 Patriarch Alexander II of Alexandria , Greek Patriarch of Alexandria in 1059 -- 1062 ", "The 1994 Qatar Open , known as the 1994 Qatar ExxonMobil Open for sponsorship reasons , was an ATP tournament held in Doha , Qatar . The tournament was held from January 3 to January 10 . Stefan Edberg won his first title of the year and the 39th of his career . " ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Adidas", "Puma_-LRB-brand-RRB-", "Buruma", "Volcom", "Charles_Kleibacker" ]

[ "Adidas AG -LRB- -LSB- ˈadiˌdas -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- stylised as adidas since 1949 -RRB- is a German multinational corporation , headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second biggest in the world . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , TaylorMade-Adidas golf company -LRB- including Ashworth -RRB- , 9.1 % of Bayern Munich and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas revenue for 2016 was listed at $ 19.29 billion . Adidas was registered on 18 August 1949 by Adolf Dassler , following a family feud at the Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik company between him and his older brother Rudolf . Rudolf had earlier established Puma , which quickly became the business rival of Adidas , and is also headquartered in Herzogenaurach . The company 's clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars , and the same motif is incorporated into Adidas 's current official logo . The brand name is uncapitalized and is stylized with a lower case `` a '' . ", "PUMA SE , branded as PUMA , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and PUMA . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . PUMA has been a public company since 1986 , listed at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . Since 2007 PUMA has been part of French group Kering -LRB- formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR -RRB- . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden -LRB- CEO -RRB- . As of 2016 , PUMA SE employs more than 10,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to PUMA . PUMA 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 . PUMA 's shoe and clothing designs feature the PUMA logo and the distinctive `` Formstrip '' which was introduced in 1958 . ", "Buruma may refer to : Buruma , Japanese for bloomers -LRB- clothing -RRB- , specifically athletic bloomers , a character in the Japanese comic series Dragon Ball , by Akira Toriyama Ian Buruma , pen-name of an author on Japanese culture Buruma -LRB- Baucau -RRB- , a village in East Timor in the district of Baucau . ", "Volcom , Inc. is a lifestyle brand that designs , markets , and distributes boardsports-oriented products . The company primarily produces clothing , footwear , accessories , and related products for young men and women . Volcom is headquartered in Costa Mesa , California , United States -LRB- U.S. -RRB- . Volcom is known for its trademark stone logo , its slogan True to This , and the Let the Kids Ride Free campaign . Todd Hymel is the CEO of Volcom . ", "Charles John Kleibacker -LRB- November 20 , 1921 -- January 3 , 2010 -RRB- was an American fashion designer who earned the nickname `` Master of the Bias '' for the complex designs of his gowns for women , carefully cut from fabric at a diagonal to the weave . Kleibacker was born in Cullman , Alabama on November 20 , 1921 . His family were the proprietors of a department store in the municipality . He attended the University of Notre Dame , where he majored in journalism , and worked for a time as a reporter for a newspaper in Alabama . He attended New York University for his graduate studies . While working at a clothing store in San Francisco , Kleibacker met singer Hildegarde and her manager Anna Sosenko at the hotel in which he was staying . He was hired as her driver , primarily because he owned a station wagon large enough to transport the singer 's sizable entourage . On tour in Europe , Kleibacker met numerous fashion designers and came to the conclusion that he had an interest in the field while in the offices of Christian Dior . He submitted a series of his early designs while in Paris in 1954 , and earned a post as an assistant at Lanvin . Back in New York City in 1957 , Kleibacker worked for Nettie Rosenstein . He started his own collection in 1959 in a brownstone on the Upper West Side of Manhattan and by the mid-1960s was designing clothing for some of the city 's most exclusive clothiers , including Henri Bendel , Bergdorf Goodman and Bonwit Teller . Hildegarde was one of his few private customers , as well as such notables as Diahann Carroll , Alicia Markova and Pat Nixon . He would design clothing in silk and wool crepe , preferring the bias cut as it allowed for designs that appeared to `` be cut , not stamped out '' . Vogue editor Diana Vreeland was an early supporter . He joined the faculty of Ohio State University as Designer-in-Residence with the Historic Costume and Textiles Collection at the College of Human Ecology , where his work was part of a 2005 exhibit titled `` Sculpture and Drapery : The Art of Fashion '' . Kleibacker died at age 88 on January 3 , 2010 , in Columbus , Ohio due to pneumonia . At the time of his death , Kleibacker was an adjunct curator of design at the Columbus Museum of Art , where he had organized several exhibitions on fashion design . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Adidas", "Puma_-LRB-brand-RRB-", "Buruma", "Volcom", "Charles_Kleibacker" ]

[ "Adidas AG -LRB- -LSB- ˈadiˌdas -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- stylised as adidas since 1949 -RRB- is a German multinational corporation , headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second biggest in the world . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , TaylorMade-Adidas golf company -LRB- including Ashworth -RRB- , 9.1 % of Bayern Munich and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas revenue for 2016 was listed at $ 19.29 billion . Adidas was registered on 18 August 1949 by Adolf Dassler , following a family feud at the Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik company between him and his older brother Rudolf . Rudolf had earlier established Puma , which quickly became the business rival of Adidas , and is also headquartered in Herzogenaurach . The company 's clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars , and the same motif is incorporated into Adidas 's current official logo . The brand name is uncapitalized and is stylized with a lower case `` a '' . ", "PUMA SE , branded as PUMA , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and PUMA . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . PUMA has been a public company since 1986 , listed at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . Since 2007 PUMA has been part of French group Kering -LRB- formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR -RRB- . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden -LRB- CEO -RRB- . As of 2016 , PUMA SE employs more than 10,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to PUMA . PUMA 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 . PUMA 's shoe and clothing designs feature the PUMA logo and the distinctive `` Formstrip '' which was introduced in 1958 . ", "Buruma may refer to : Buruma , Japanese for bloomers -LRB- clothing -RRB- , specifically athletic bloomers , a character in the Japanese comic series Dragon Ball , by Akira Toriyama Ian Buruma , pen-name of an author on Japanese culture Buruma -LRB- Baucau -RRB- , a village in East Timor in the district of Baucau . ", "Volcom , Inc. is a lifestyle brand that designs , markets , and distributes boardsports-oriented products . The company primarily produces clothing , footwear , accessories , and related products for young men and women . Volcom is headquartered in Costa Mesa , California , United States -LRB- U.S. -RRB- . Volcom is known for its trademark stone logo , its slogan True to This , and the Let the Kids Ride Free campaign . Todd Hymel is the CEO of Volcom . ", "Charles John Kleibacker -LRB- November 20 , 1921 -- January 3 , 2010 -RRB- was an American fashion designer who earned the nickname `` Master of the Bias '' for the complex designs of his gowns for women , carefully cut from fabric at a diagonal to the weave . Kleibacker was born in Cullman , Alabama on November 20 , 1921 . His family were the proprietors of a department store in the municipality . He attended the University of Notre Dame , where he majored in journalism , and worked for a time as a reporter for a newspaper in Alabama . He attended New York University for his graduate studies . While working at a clothing store in San Francisco , Kleibacker met singer Hildegarde and her manager Anna Sosenko at the hotel in which he was staying . He was hired as her driver , primarily because he owned a station wagon large enough to transport the singer 's sizable entourage . On tour in Europe , Kleibacker met numerous fashion designers and came to the conclusion that he had an interest in the field while in the offices of Christian Dior . He submitted a series of his early designs while in Paris in 1954 , and earned a post as an assistant at Lanvin . Back in New York City in 1957 , Kleibacker worked for Nettie Rosenstein . He started his own collection in 1959 in a brownstone on the Upper West Side of Manhattan and by the mid-1960s was designing clothing for some of the city 's most exclusive clothiers , including Henri Bendel , Bergdorf Goodman and Bonwit Teller . Hildegarde was one of his few private customers , as well as such notables as Diahann Carroll , Alicia Markova and Pat Nixon . He would design clothing in silk and wool crepe , preferring the bias cut as it allowed for designs that appeared to `` be cut , not stamped out '' . Vogue editor Diana Vreeland was an early supporter . He joined the faculty of Ohio State University as Designer-in-Residence with the Historic Costume and Textiles Collection at the College of Human Ecology , where his work was part of a 2005 exhibit titled `` Sculpture and Drapery : The Art of Fashion '' . Kleibacker died at age 88 on January 3 , 2010 , in Columbus , Ohio due to pneumonia . At the time of his death , Kleibacker was an adjunct curator of design at the Columbus Museum of Art , where he had organized several exhibitions on fashion design . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Red_Bull_Racing", "2015_Red_Bull_Ring_GP2_and_GP3_Series_rounds", "Cican_Stankovic", "Thomas_Letsch", "Dietmar_Beiersdorfer" ]

[ "Red Bull Racing is a Formula One racing team , racing under an Austrian licence , based in the United Kingdom . It is one of two Formula One teams owned by beverage company Red Bull GmbH , the other being Scuderia Toro Rosso . The team won four successive Constructors ' Championship titles , in , , , and , becoming the first Austrian licensed team to win the title . The team also produced the quadruple world champion driver of 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , and 2013 , Sebastian Vettel . Managed by Christian Horner , the team has used Renault engines since 2007 . Red Bull Racing then used TAG Heuer-branded Renault engines starting from the season . ", "The 2015 Red Bull Ring GP2 and GP3 Series rounds was a pair of motor races held on 20 and 21 June 2015 at the Red Bull Ring in Austria as part of the GP2 Series and GP3 Series . It is the first round of the 2015 GP2 season and 2015 GP3 season . The race weekend supported the 2015 Austrian Grand Prix . ", "Cican Stanković -LRB- born 4 November 1992 -RRB- is an Austrian -LRB- Serbian origin -RRB- footballer who plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg . ", "Thomas Letsch -LRB- born 26 August 1968 -RRB- , is a German football manager and the current manager of Austrian club FC Liefering . After managing different clubs in Germany -LRB- VfB Oberesslingen/Zell , Stuttgarter Kickers , Union Heilbronn , SSV Ulm , SG Sonnenhof Großaspach -RRB- he went to Salzburg where managed the U16 and U18 team of FC Red Bull Salzburg . Following Peter Zeidler he became manager of FC Liefering in June 2015 . During his time with the U18 he was also assistance coach to FC Red Bull Salzburg . In December 2015 , after the firing of Peter Zeidler , he was for two matches headcoach of Salzburg . In the 2015/16 season he managed also the team of FC Red Bull Salzburg in the UEFA Youth League . Category :1968 births Category : Living people Category : German football managers Category : FC Red Bull Salzburg managers Category : FC Liefering managers ", "Dietmar Beiersdorfer -LRB- born 16 November 1963 -RRB- is a former footballer and coach who works as a director for Hamburger SV . He began his coaching career with Hamburger SV in 2003 and served as sporting director of the Austrian team Red Bull Salzburg between 2010 and April 2011 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_–_Motion_Picture_Drama", "Nathan_H._Gordon", "Gray_Matters", "Inland_-LRB-Jars_of_Clay_album-RRB-", "CineAlta" ]

[ "The Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as a separate category in 1951 . Previously , there was a single award for `` Best Actor in a Motion Picture '' but the splitting allowed for recognition of it and the Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy . The formal title has varied since its inception . In 2005 , it was officially called : `` Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama '' . As of 2013 , the wording is `` Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama '' . Notes : '' † '' indicates an Academy Award-winning performance . '' ‡ '' indicates an Academy Award-nominated performance that same year . '' § '' indicates a Golden Globe Award-winning performance that was not nominated for an Academy Award . ", "Nathan Harry Gordon -LRB- 1872 - 1938 -RRB- was an American motion picture executive . ", "Gray Matters is a 2006 romantic comedy film directed by Sue Kramer , starring Heather Graham , Tom Cavanagh and Bridget Moynahan . It premiered on October 21 , 2006 at the Hamptons International Film Festival and had a United States limited theatrical release on February 23 , 2007 . ", "Inland is the eleventh full-length studio album by rock band Jars of Clay , which was released on August 27 , 2013 by Gray Matters label . The album was produced by Tucker Martine at Flora Recording & Playback in Portland , Oregon . The album has seen significant charting successes , and has garnered critical acclamation . ", "Sony 's CineAlta 24P HD cameras are a series of professional digital video cameras that offer many of the same features of 35mm motion picture cameras . " ]

[ 2, 1, 2, 1, 0 ]

[ "Internet_access", "Internet_in_Indonesia", "Media_service_provider", "Internet", "E-Amusement" ]

[ "Internet access is ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals , computers , mobile devices ; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web . Various technologies , at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers -LRB- ISPs -RRB- to provide this service . Internet access was once rare , but has grown rapidly . In 1995 , only .04 percent of the world 's population had access , with well over half of those living in the United States , and consumer use was through dial-up . By the first decade of the 21st century , many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology , and by 2014 , 41 percent of the world 's population had access , broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide , and global average connection speeds exceeded 4 Mbit/s . ", "The Internet is a relatively new communication medium in Indonesia , an archipelago that includes more than 17,001 islands . Several Internet access services are available in Indonesia , ranging from fiber optic , ADSL to mobile Internet . Telephone line-based service was among the first Internet access services in Indonesia with PT Telkom as the main player who controlled most fixed-line telephone networks . ", "A media service provider is an organization that complements its regular business by adding a set of media services including : Access to the Internet Access to music and video and other streaming media Access to value-added services only available while at the place of business For example , a subway system can turn into a Media Service Provider by providing access to the networked services for transit users . ", "The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite -LRB- TCP/IP -RRB- to link devices worldwide . It is a network of networks that consists of private , public , academic , business , and government networks of local to global scope , linked by a broad array of electronic , wireless , and optical networking technologies . The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services , such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web -LRB- WWW -RRB- , electronic mail , telephony , and file sharing . The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States federal government in the 1960s to build robust , fault-tolerant communication via computer networks . The primary precursor network , the ARPANET , initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s . The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s , as well as private funding for other commercial extensions , led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies , and the merger of many networks . The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet , and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional , personal , and mobile computers were connected to the network . Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s , the commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life . Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world . In the two decades since then , Internet use has grown 100-times , measured for the period of one year , to over one third of the world population . Most traditional communications media , including telephony , radio , television , paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet , giving birth to new services such as email , Internet telephony , Internet television , online music , digital newspapers , and video streaming websites . Newspaper , book , and other print publishing are adapting to website technology , or are reshaped into blogging , web feeds and online news aggregators . The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging , Internet forums , and social networking . Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small businesses and entrepreneurs , as it enables firms to extend their `` brick and mortar '' presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online . Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries . The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage ; each constituent network sets its own policies . Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet , the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System -LRB- DNS -RRB- , are directed by a maintainer organization , the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers -LRB- ICANN -RRB- . The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force -LRB- IETF -RRB- , a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise . ", "e-AMUSEMENT is an online service operated by Konami , used primarily for online functionality on its arcade video games . The system is used primarily to save progress and unlockable content between games , participate in internet high score lists , access other exclusive features depending on the game , and access the Paseli digital currency service . The system uses online user accounts tied to a contactless smart card system called the `` e-AMUSEMENT PASS '' . Users log into an e-AMUSEMENT enabled game by holding their pass up to the card reader and using a PIN . The system is similar to parts of the functionality of the rival Taito NESYS and SEGA ALL.Net systems . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Martial_arts_film", "The_Magic_Crystal", "Leung_Siu-lung", "Shaolin_Rescuers", "List_of_action_films_of_the_2000s" ]

[ "Martial arts film is a film genre . A subgenre of the action film , martial arts films contain numerous martial arts fights between characters . They are usually the films ' primary appeal and entertainment value , and often are a method of storytelling and character expression and development . Martial arts are frequently featured in training scenes and other sequences in addition to fights . Martial arts films commonly include other types of action , such as hand-to-hand combats , stuntwork , chases , and gunfights . ", "The Magic Crystal is a 1986 Hong Kong action film written and directed by Wong Jing . The film stars Andy Lau and Cynthia Rothrock . It is about a mysterious crystal that holds powers to be able to do both nice and terrible things . The film is well known for being one of those ` so bad it 's good ' films . What saves the film from total mediocrity is its high-octane martial arts scenes . ", "Leung Siu-lung , born in 1948 in Hong Kong , is an actor who has appeared in many Hong Kong martial arts movies . He often appeared billed as `` Bruce Leung '' , `` Bruce Liang '' , `` Bruce Leong '' , or `` Bruce Leung Siu-lung '' , and is thus generally grouped among the Bruce Lee clones that sprang up after Lee 's death in the subgenre known as Bruceploitation . Leung learned martial arts from his father at the Cantonese opera . His major style is Goju ryu Karate , he also is a Wing Chun practitioner . Throughout the 1970s and 1980s , he appeared in a large number of martial arts films . Most familiar to Western audiences may be Jim Kelly 's The Tattoo Connection -LRB- in which he only appeared briefly , but choreographed the action sequences -RRB- and Jackie Chan 's Magnificent Bodyguards , which was the first Hong Kong film shot in 3D . He is also known for playing Bruce Lee in the notorious Bruceploitation classic , The Dragon Lives Again . In addition , Leung appeared in his own star vehicles , including My Kung-Fu 12 Kicks , Kung Fu : The Invisible Fist , and Black Belt Karate . Leung retired from acting after 1988 's Ghost Hospital . However , in 2004 , he made a return to the screen as The Beast in Stephen Chow 's Kung Fu Hustle -LRB- which , incidentally , was his first villainous role -RRB- . In 2007 he appeared as himself in the Italy 's documentary Dragonland directed by Lorenzo De Luca . The interview was made by night on the set of Shamo . ", "Shaolin Rescuers a.k.a. `` Avenging Warriors of Shaolin '' is a Shaw Brothers film directed by Chang Cheh . It is one of the Shoalin Temple themed martial arts films and the adventures of the Shaolin hero Hung Si-Kuan starring the Venom Mob and Jason Pai Piao . ", "This is chronological list of action films originally released in the 2000s . Some films are of hybrid genres , including horror , comedy , and science fiction films ; the list should attempt to document films which are more closely related to action , even if they bend genres . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Frobisher_-LRB-Doctor_Who-RRB-", "Tenth_Doctor", "Donna_Noble", "The_Sixth_Doctor-COLON-_The_Last_Adventure", "Planet_of_the_Daleks" ]

[ "Frobisher is a fictional character who appeared in the Doctor Who Magazine comic strip based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who in the 1980s . He was a companion of the Sixth and Seventh Doctors . Frobisher is a Whifferdill , one of a shape-changing extraterrestrial race . What is assumed to be his natural form , as seen in his first comic strip appearance , is humanoid , pale yellow in colour , three to four feet in height , with a round , featureless head , and wearing spectacles . However , he preferred to spend his free time in the form of a penguin . When he first appeared in The Shape Shifter -LRB- DWM # 88 - # 89 -RRB- , written by Steve Parkhouse with art by John Ridgway , Frobisher was a private investigator calling himself `` Avan Tarklu '' -LRB- a play on the phrase `` Have n't a clue '' -RRB- . He came across the Doctor when an enemy of the Time Lord , Josiah Dogbolter , had placed a bounty on the Doctor in an effort to acquire his secrets and his TARDIS . After infiltrating the TARDIS , instead of turning the Doctor in for the money , Tarklu decided that he liked the Time Lord and helped him against Dogbolter ; both split the advance bounty Tarklu had been given from Dogbolter . He then joined the Doctor on his journeys . He assumed the name of Frobisher because he felt that it sounded British and thought that the Doctor would like that . Frobisher was once married to Francine , another Whifferdill , who left him because she was a better detective than he was . Apparently , he was very fond of her in penguin form , and so adopted it to remind himself of her . It is not a static form , however , as Frobisher has been seen emulating different types of penguins . Frobisher travelled with the Doctor for quite a long time , occasionally parting company only for their paths to cross once again . When he first came on board the TARDIS , the Sixth Doctor was travelling alone , but in Kane 's Story -LRB- DWM # 104 -RRB- , the Sixth Doctor 's television companion Peri Brown returned , apparently placing Frobisher 's stories between the unmade Season 23 and The Trial of a Time Lord -LRB- indicated by Peri 's changing hairstyles in the comic strip compared to her television appearances -RRB- . Frobisher appears , travelling with the Doctor and Peri , in IDW 's 50th Anniversary comic book miniseries Doctor Who : Prisoners of Time # 6 . This appearance was illustrated by John Ridgway . At the conclusion of this issue , it was revealed that Frobisher had been contacted by the Tenth Doctor while he was in the TARDIS on his own earlier , the Tenth Doctor asking Frobisher to pose as Peri so that he could be captured by the mysterious foe abducting past companions , the assumption that he was Peri causing their foes not to take greater care when securing Frobisher . When their adversaries - revealed to be the Ninth Doctor 's ex-companion Adam Mitchell and the Master - attempted to kill the captured companions , Frobisher revealed that he had replaced the detonator Mitchell would have used , subsequently releasing his fellow companions from their imprisonment to help the Doctors fight off Adam and the Master 's Auton army until they could convince Adam to help them against the Master . Frobisher was obviously not with the Doctor and Peri in Season 23 's The Trial of a Time Lord , but no explanation was provided in the comic strip for his absence . Frobisher 's last appearance prior to Trial was The World Shapers -LRB- DWM # 127 - # 129 -RRB- . At the end of Trial , it was revealed that Peri had married King Yrcanos and settled on the planet Krontep . The graphic novel The Age of Chaos , written by Colin Baker -LRB- who played the Sixth Doctor -RRB- revealed that Frobisher and the Sixth Doctor visited Peri 's descendants several times , so Frobisher must have rejoined the Doctor after Trial in an unseen story . After this story , Frobisher apparently departs again , since he is never again seen travelling with the Sixth Doctor . Frobisher was ultimately reunited with the Seventh Doctor , once again `` off-screen '' , and eventually departed permanently in A Cold Day in Hell -LRB- DWM # 130 - # 133 -RRB- . Subsequently , he was seen to have set up a bar called `` Bish 's '' and remarried to a bird-like humanoid named Caralla . There , he encountered and gave much needed emotional support to the Eighth Doctor , but did not recognize who he was . Though `` He almost seemed familiar '' . -LRB- Where Nobody Knows Your Name , DWM # 329 -RRB- . Frobisher therefore had at least three distinct tenures with the Doctor , only one of which has a depicted ending . ", "The Tenth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who , who is played by David Tennant in three series as well as nine specials . As with previous incarnations of the Doctor , the character has also appeared in other Doctor Who spin-offs . In the programme 's narrative , the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord alien from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time in his TARDIS , frequently with companions . When the Doctor is critically injured beyond medical repair , he can regenerate his body ; in doing so , his physical appearance and personality change , and a new actor assumes the role . Tennant 's portrayal of the Doctor is of an outwardly charismatic and charming adventurer whose likable and easygoing attitude can quickly turn to righteous fury when provoked . This incarnation 's companions include working class shop assistant Rose Tyler -LRB- Billie Piper -RRB- , medical student Martha Jones -LRB- Freema Agyeman -RRB- , and fiery temp worker Donna Noble -LRB- Catherine Tate -RRB- . He eventually parts ways with them all by the end of the 2008 series finale , `` Journey 's End '' , after which he attempts to travel alone for the duration of the 2008 -- 2010 specials before being accompanied by Donna Noble 's grandfather Wilfred Mott on his final adventure in The End of Time . In November 2013 , Tennant 's Doctor was voted `` The UK 's favourite Doctor '' in a survey held by the Radio Times magazine . ", "Donna Noble is a fictional character in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Portrayed by British actress and comedian Catherine Tate , she is a companion of the Tenth Doctor -LRB- David Tennant -RRB- . Originally appearing in the closing scene of the show 's 2006 series and as a special guest star in its following Christmas special , `` The Runaway Bride '' , Tate was not expected to reprise her role as Donna ; for series 3 -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , the Doctor travelled alongside medical student Martha Jones -LRB- Freema Agyeman -RRB- . However , Tate expressed interest in returning to the role , and she returned as Donna for the duration of the series 4 -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and in a subsequent 2009-10 Christmas and New Year 's special . Within the series ' narrative , Donna begins as an outspoken Londoner in her mid-30s , a temp worker from Chiswick whose view of the universe is small in scope . Although she at first finds alien time traveller the Doctor terrifying , their initial encounter leaves her unsatisfied with her normal life and she decides to travel alongside him when the next opportunity arises . Donna becomes an asset to the Doctor on his adventures and it is she who ultimately saves the universe in the series 4 finale , although tragically at the cost of the memories of her travels with the Doctor . In a contrast to the Tenth Doctor 's prior companions , who both harboured romantic feelings for him , Donna and the Doctor shared a strictly friendly relationship ; and she did not feel the need to prove herself to be allowed to travel with the Doctor , who refers to her as his `` best mate '' . ", "The Sixth Doctor : The Last Adventure is a British audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Within the narrative of the series , the Doctor , its principal character , is a time-travelling alien known as a Time Lord , whose biological characteristics allow him to regenerate into a new form to circumvent an otherwise deadly experience ; the device has been used to allow for a change in lead actor every few years in the production of the televised series . The sixth such instance was depicted in 1987 in Time and the Rani , but due to the firing between seasons of actor Colin Baker , who had portrayed the Sixth Doctor , the event was given less screen time and explanation than other of the Doctor 's regenerations . Big Finish Productions producer David Richardson approached Baker in 2014 , after seeing `` The Time of the Doctor '' , which had depicted -LRB- on television -RRB- the regeneration of the Eleventh Doctor into the Twelfth : `` I felt very strongly that regeneration stories , and each Doctor 's final end , are very important to Doctor Who fans - these are stories that allow us to see the Doctor at his most courageous , making a sacrifice that only makes us love him more . '' Baker , who had been working with Big Finish since 1999 , agreed to participate , saying that his depiction of the Doctor `` did not benefit from '' the difficult circumstances the show faced in the 1980s , and that Big Finish 's work was `` the only reason -LSB- he had -RSB- agreed to bring -LSB- his -RSB- Doctor to an end '' . The audio drama consists of four one-hour episodes , each by a different author and each pairing the Doctor with a different companion and taking place at a different point in his life , but all unified by the presence of the villainous Valeyard , a potential future version of the Doctor introduced in Baker 's last television serial , The Trial of a Time Lord . Besides Baker , Michael Jayston and Bonnie Langford reprised their roles from The Trial of a Time Lord , respectively as the Valeyard and as the Doctor 's companion Mel . The Doctor -- Colin Baker The Valeyard -- Michael Jayston -LRB- appears in all four episodes but is not credited for his cameo in The End of the Line -RRB- ", "Planet of the Daleks is the fourth serial of the tenth season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , which was first broadcast in six weekly parts from 7 April to 12 May 1973 . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "The_Joy_of_Painting", "The_Narrow_Trail", "Bob_Ross", "Tighe_O'DonoghueRoss", "Me_and_the_Boys_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-" ]

[ "The Joy of Painting is an American half-hour instructional television show hosted by painter Bob Ross which ran from January 11 , 1983 , until May 17 , 1994 . In each episode , Ross taught techniques for landscape oil painting , completing a painting in each session . The program followed the same format as its predecessor , The Magic of Oil Painting , hosted by Ross 's mentor Bill Alexander . ", "The Narrow Trail is a 1917 American silent western film directed by Lambert Hillyer and William S. Hart and written by William S. Hart and Harvey F. Thew . The film stars William S. Hart , Sylvia Breamer , Milton Ross , and Bob Kortman . The film was released on December 30 , 1917 , by Paramount Pictures . ", "Robert Norman Ross -LRB- October 29 , 1942 -- July 4 , 1995 -RRB- was an American painter , art instructor , and television host . He was the creator and host of The Joy of Painting , an instructional television program that aired from 1983 to 1994 on PBS in the United States , and also aired in Canada , Latin America , and Europe . With a soft voice and a permed afro , Ross went from being a television personality in the 1980s and 1990s to an Internet celebrity popular with fans on YouTube and many other websites . ", "Tighe O'Donoghue / Ross -LRB- born 1942 -RRB- is an Irish-American painter , engraver , and sculptor . He is the recognised hereditary chieftain of the Rapparee Sept the O'Donoghues of Ross . He is better known as the artist and sculptor who created An Capall Mór , part of ` The Sculpture Road to Killarney ' along the N22 traveling to Killarney from Cork , the stained glass windows in St. Mary 's Cathedral in Killarney entitled ` Dawn and Dusk ' dedicated to his ancestors , and the large bronze of St. Brendan on a seamount overlooking Fenit Harbour , Brendan 's birthplace . He is also known as Ross , Thomas O'Donohue , O'Donohue Ros , Ros . ", "Me and the Boys is an American sitcom that aired on the ABC network from September 20 , 1994 until February 28 , 1995 . The series features comedian Steve Harvey , who also served as a writer , in his first starring role . The series was created by Bob Myer , Rob Dames and Lenny Ripps , and produced by a.k.a. Productions and Bob Myer Productions in association with ABC Productions . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Salt_River_Valley", "Phoenix_metropolitan_area", "Phoenix,_Arizona", "South_Jordan,_Utah", "Arkansas_River_Valley" ]

[ "The Salt River Valley is an extensive valley on the Salt River in central Arizona , which contains the Phoenix Metropolitan Area . Although this geographic term still identifies the area , the name `` Valley of the Sun '' popularly replaced the usage starting in the early 1930s for purposes of boosterism . A common dust for testing air filter efficiency was derived from top soil dust from the Salt River Valley , referred to as Arizona Dust . The dust was found to include small abrasive particles . ", "The Phoenix Metropolitan Area -- often referred to as the Valley of the Sun , the Salt River Valley or Metro Phoenix -- is a metropolitan area , centered on the city of Phoenix , that includes much of the central part of the U.S. State of Arizona . The United States Census Bureau designates the area as the Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area -LRB- MSA -RRB- , defining it as Maricopa and Pinal counties . As of the Census Bureau 's 2015 population estimates , the Valley had 4,574,351 residents , making it the 12th largest Metropolitan Area in the nation by population . The gross domestic product of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area was $ 215 billion in 2014 , 15th largest amongst metro areas in the United States . It is also one of the fastest growing major metropolitan areas , gaining nearly 400,000 residents from 2010 to 2015 , and more than 1.3 million since 2000 . The population of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area increased by 45.3 % from 1990 through 2000 , compared to the average United States rate of 13.2 % , helping to make Arizona the second fastest growing state in the nation in the 1990s -LRB- the fastest was Nevada -RRB- . The 2000 Census reported the population of the metropolitan area to be 3,251,876 . As for the 2010 Census , the two-county metropolitan area was reported to have a population of 4,192,887 . Metro Phoenix grew by 941,011 people from April 2000 to April 2010 , making it one of the fastest growing metro areas in the country . This also contributed to the entire state 's exceptional growth , as the area is home to just over two-thirds of Arizona 's population . ", "Phoenix -LRB- -LSB- ˈfiːnᵻks -RSB- -RRB- is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona . With 1,615,017 people , Phoenix is the fifth most populous city nationwide , the most populous state capital in the United States , and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents . Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area , also known as the Valley of the Sun , which in turn is a part of the Salt River Valley . The metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States , with approximately 4.3 million people . In addition , Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and , at 517.9 square miles -LRB- 1,341 km2 -RRB- , it is the largest city in the state , more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States . Settled in 1867 as an agricultural community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers , Phoenix incorporated as a city in 1881 . Located in the northeastern reaches of the Sonoran Desert , Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate . Despite this , its canal system led to a thriving farming community , many of the original crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades , such as alfalfa , cotton , citrus , and hay -LRB- which was important for the cattle industry -RRB- . In fact , the `` Five C 's '' -LRB- Cotton , Cattle , Citrus , Climate , and Copper -RRB- , remained the driving forces of Phoenix 's economy until after World War II , when high-tech industries began to move into the valley and air conditioning made residences much more comfortable in the very hot summers . The city averaged a four percent annual population growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s . This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007 -- 09 , and has rebounded slowly . Phoenix is the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun , as well as the entire state . ", "South Jordan is a city in the U.S. state of Utah . The city lies in the Salt Lake Valley between the 9000 ft peaks of the Oquirrh Mountains and the 12000 ft peaks of the Wasatch Mountains and is part of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area . The Jordan River flows through the middle of the valley and the city has a 3.5-mile -LRB- 5.6 km -RRB- section of the Jordan River Parkway that contains fishing ponds , trails , parks and natural habitat . Salt Lake County fair grounds and equestrian park , 67 acre Oquirrh Lake and 27 other parks are located inside the city . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 50,418 . The city was founded 18 mi south of Salt Lake City along the banks of the Jordan River in 1859 by Mormon settlers . An agrarian town for most of its history , today it is a rapidly growing bedroom community of Salt Lake City . Kennecott Land , a land development company , has recently begun construction on the master-planned Daybreak Community for the entire western half of South Jordan . Daybreak could potentially double South Jordan 's population . South Jordan is the first city in the world with two temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints -LRB- Jordan River Utah Temple and Oquirrh Mountain Utah Temple -RRB- . The city has two TRAX light rail stops , as well as one commuter rail stop on the FrontRunner . ", "The Arkansas River Valley -LRB- usually shortened to River Valley -RRB- is a region in Arkansas defined by the Arkansas River in the western part of the state . Generally defined as the area between the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains , the River Valley is characterized by flat lowlands covered in fertile farmland and lakes periodically interrupted by high peaks . Mount Magazine , Mount Nebo , and Petit Jean Mountain compose the Tri-Peaks Region , -LRB- tri means three -RRB- , a further subdivision of the River Valley popular with hikers and outdoors enthusiasts . In addition to the outdoor recreational activities available to residents and visitors of the region , the River Valley contains Arkansas 's wine country as well as hundreds of historical sites throughout the area.It is one of six natural divisions of Arkansas . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 1, 1 ]

[ "Robert_Zemeckis", "Romancing_the_Stone", "Beowulf_-LRB-2007_film-RRB-", "Melissa_Monet", "Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" ]

[ "Robert Lee Zemeckis -LRB- born May 14 , 1952 -RRB- is an American filmmaker and screenwriter frequently credited as an innovator in visual effects . Credited as `` one of the greatest visual storytellers in filmmaking '' , he first came to public attention in the 1980s as the director of Romancing the Stone -LRB- 1984 -RRB- and the science-fiction comedy Back to the Future film trilogy , as well as the live-action/animated comedy Who Framed Roger Rabbit -LRB- 1988 -RRB- . In the 1990s he diversified into more dramatic fare , including 1994 's Forrest Gump , for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director . The film itself won Best Picture . The movies he has directed have ranged across a wide variety of genres , for both adults and families . Zemeckis ' films are characterized by an interest in state-of-the-art special effects , including the early use of the insertion of computer graphics into live-action footage in Back to the Future Part II -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , and in Forrest Gump and the pioneering performance capture techniques seen in The Polar Express -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Beowulf -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and A Christmas Carol -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . Though Zemeckis has often been pigeonholed as a director interested only in effects , his work has been defended by several critics , including David Thomson , who wrote that `` No other contemporary director has used special effects to more dramatic and narrative purpose . '' On April 27 , 2017 , Screen Junkies reported Zemeckis was in talks to direct a movie based on The Flash for the DC Extended Universe . ", "Romancing the Stone is a 1984 American action-adventure romantic comedy . Directed by Robert Zemeckis , it stars Michael Douglas , Kathleen Turner and Danny DeVito . The film was followed by a 1985 sequel , The Jewel of the Nile . Romancing the Stone earned over $ 86,572,238 worldwide in box-office receipts . It also helped launch Turner to stardom , reintroduced Douglas to the public as a capable leading man , started Zemeckis ' frequent collaboration with Alan Silvestri , and gave Zemeckis his first box-office success . Decades later , it retains critical acclaim , with an 87 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes . ", "Beowulf is a 2007 American 3D motion capture epic fantasy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Neil Gaiman and Roger Avary , based on the Old English epic poem of the same name . The film was created through a motion capture process similar to the technique Zemeckis used in The Polar Express . The cast includes Ray Winstone , Anthony Hopkins , Robin Wright Penn , Brendan Gleeson , John Malkovich , Crispin Glover , Alison Lohman , and Angelina Jolie . It was released in the United Kingdom and United States on November 16 , 2007 , by Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros. . Pictures , and was available to view in IMAX 3D , RealD , Dolby 3D and standard 2D format . The film received positive reviews from critics and it earned $ 196.4 million on a $ 150 million budget . ", "Melissa Monet -LRB- born July 16 , 1964 -RRB- is the stage name of an American pornographic actress , writer and film director . Monet entered the adult film world in 1994 at the age of 30 . She was the only director and producer for movies made exclusively for the Spice Channel in the first few years of its existence . Monet has also appeared in the porn-related documentaries Rated X : A Journey Through Porn and Pornstar Pets . She has directed 19 hardcore titles and has directed softcore cable movies for Roger Corman 's production company Click Productions . Monet was born in Staten Island , New York City . Monet cites John Leslie as one of her influences . She is also an avid fan of the work of Orson Welles and Alfred Hitchcock . ", "Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 American live-action/animated fantasy neo-noir film directed by Robert Zemeckis , produced by Frank Marshall and Robert Watts , and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman . The film is based on Gary K. Wolf 's 1981 novel Who Censored Roger Rabbit ? The film stars Bob Hoskins , Christopher Lloyd , Charles Fleischer , Stubby Kaye , and Joanna Cassidy . Combining live-action and animation , the film is set in a Hollywood during the late 1940s where animated characters really exist . The story follows Eddie Valiant , a private detective who must exonerate `` Toon '' Roger Rabbit , who is accused of murdering a wealthy businessman . Walt Disney Pictures purchased the film rights for Who Framed Roger Rabbit 's story in 1981 . Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman wrote two drafts of the script before Disney brought in executive producer Steven Spielberg , and his production company , Amblin Entertainment . Zemeckis was brought on to direct the film , and Canadian animator Richard Williams was hired to supervise the animation sequences . Production was moved from Los Angeles to Elstree Studios in England to accommodate Williams and his group of animators . While filming , the production budget began to rapidly expand and the shooting schedule ran longer than expected . Disney released the film through its Touchstone Pictures division on June 22 , 1988 , to critical and commercial success , becoming a blockbuster . The film brought a renewed interest in the Golden Age of American animation , spearheading modern American animation and the Disney Renaissance . In 2016 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Vincent_D'Onofrio", "Reva_Shayne", "Dee_Hibbert-Jones", "66th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards", "Emmy_Award" ]

[ "Vincent Philip D'Onofrio -LRB- born June 30 , 1959 -RRB- is an American actor , producer , and singer . He is known for his roles as Private Leonard Lawrence -LRB- `` Gomer Pyle '' -RRB- in Stanley Kubrick 's war film Full Metal Jacket -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Wilson Fisk in the Netflix series Daredevil , Det. Robert Goren in Law & Order : Criminal Intent , Edgar/the Bug in Men in Black -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , and Vic Hoskins in Jurassic World -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Among other honors , D'Onofrio is a Saturn Award winner and an Emmy Award nominee . ", "Reva Shayne is a fictional character on the long-running CBS daytime soap opera Guiding Light played by four-time Daytime Emmy Award winner Kim Zimmer from November 28 , 1983 to July 1990 and April 14 , 1995 until the show 's final episode on September 18 , 2009 . Zimmer has become such a celebrated performer that she is often considered to be an `` icon '' in the daytime drama industry . ", "Dee Hibbert-Jones is a film director , producer and animator . She is best known for co-producing and co-directing the short-documentary Last Day of Freedom -LRB- 32 mins -RRB- for which she received an Academy Award for Best Documentary -LRB- Short Subject -RRB- nomination at the 88th Academy Awards , with Nomi Talisman , an Emmy Award -LRB- Northern CA -RRB- and the IDA Best Short Documentary Award . Hibbert-Jones is an Associate Professor of Art and Digital Art New Media at the University of California , Santa Cruz , where she is founder and Co-Director of SPARC at UCSC a Social Practice Arts Research Center . Hibbert-Jones and Talisman were awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship They won an Emmy Award for Last Day of Freedom , at the 45th Annual Northern California Emmy ® Awards -LRB- News and Program Speciality - Documentary Topical -RRB- , the Filmmaker Award from the Center for Documentary Studies at Duke , and a Gideon Award for support to Indigent Communities . Currently they are nominated for the 2016 Congressional Black Caucus Veterans Braintrust Award . Among Dee Hibbert-Jones ' festival awards are : Best Short Full Frame Documentary Film Festival , Best Short Documentary Hamptons International Film Festival , Golden Strands Award , Outstanding Documentary Short , Tall Grass KS , Best Experimental Short , Atlanta Docufest , Impact Award -LRB- In -RRB- Justice for All , and the 2015 Platinum Award Winner Spotlight Documentary Series . Hibbert-Jones is a MacDowell Colony Fellow , a Yerba Buena Center for the Arts Fellow and Headlands Center For the Arts Alumni . She holds an MFA from Mills College Oakland , MA York University , PGCE from Durham University and a BA from London University . Born in the UK she lives in San Francisco CA . ", "The 66th Primetime Emmy Awards honored the best in U.S. prime time television programming from June 1 , 2013 until May 31 , 2014 , as chosen by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences . The ceremony was held on Monday , August 25 , 2014 , at the Nokia Theatre in Downtown Los Angeles , California , and was broadcast in the U.S. by NBC . Comedian and Late Night host Seth Meyers hosted the ceremony for the first time . The nominations were announced on July 10 , 2014 . The scheduling of the Primetime Emmy Awards is coordinated with that of the Creative Arts Emmy Awards ceremony , which was held the previous weekend on August 16 , 2014 . Breaking Bad was the major winner of the night , with five wins , including its second Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series for the second part of its fifth season . Modern Family won its fifth consecutive Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series , tying with Frasier as the series with the most consecutive wins in the category . The Amazing Race won its tenth Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program as well . Other major winners of the night were Sherlock : His Last Vow -LRB- 3 wins -RRB- , American Horror Story : Coven and Fargo -LRB- 2 wins each -RRB- . ", "An Emmy Award , or simply Emmy , is an American award that recognizes excellence in the television industry , and corresponds to the -LRB- likewise American -RRB- Academy Award -LRB- for film -RRB- , the Tony Award -LRB- for theatre -RRB- , and the Grammy Award -LRB- for music -RRB- . Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry , they are presented in different annual ceremonies held throughout the year . The two events that receive the most media coverage are the Primetime Emmys and the Daytime Emmys , which recognize outstanding work in American primetime and daytime entertainment programming , respectively . Other notable Emmy Award ceremonies are those honoring national sports programming , national news and documentary shows , national business and financial reporting , and technological and engineering achievements in television , including the Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards . Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year , recognizing excellence in local and statewide television . In addition , International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced and initially aired outside the United States . Three related but separate organizations present the Emmy Awards : the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences -LRB- ATAS -RRB- , the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences -LRB- NATAS -RRB- , and the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences -LRB- IATAS -RRB- . Each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Musala", "Quercus_dysophylla", "Crataegus_uniflora", "List_of_tallest_statues", "List_of_Ngorongoro_Crater_plants" ]

[ "Musala -LRB- Мусала from Arabic through Ottoman Turkish : Musalla , `` near God '' or `` place for prayer '' is the highest peak in the entire Balkan Peninsula , standing at 2,925 m -LRB- 9,596 ft -RRB- . The summit of the Rila mountain range in southwestern Bulgaria , Musala is the highest peak between the Alps and the Caucasus and the highest in Eastern Europe bar the Caucasus . With a prominence of 2473 m , Musala is the 7th most prominent mountain peak in Europe . Musala is situated within the Rila National Park , which is noted for its rich flora , including species such as Macedonian Pine and Bulgarian Fir in the forests on its middle slopes , and fauna ; it is one of the easiest places in Europe to see the wallcreeper . All major mountain ranges of Bulgaria can be seen from the top ; these include Vitosha to the northwest , Sredna Gora towards the northeast , the Balkan Mountains along most of the northern horizon behind Vitosha and Sredna Gora , the Rhodope Mountains to the southeast , Pirin to the south , Osogovo and Ruy Mountain to the west , and of course Rila . A Cosmic Ray Station was built on the peak in 1960 with cooperation from the Hungarian Academy of Science . The station conducted scientific experiments using a muon telescope . The station was destroyed by an electrical fire on October 29 , 1983 . With an average annual temperature of -2.3 ° C Musala is the coldest place in Bulgaria and the entire Balkan Peninsula . Temperatures stay below 0 ° C for about 8 months each year . Due to this about 45 % of the annual precipitation on Musala is snow , and snow cover lasts for about 200 days -LRB- more than six months -RRB- . Three of the main rivers of Bulgaria , the Iskar , Maritsa and Mesta have their sources near Musala . The next highest peaks in the vicinity of Musala are Little Musala -LRB- 2,902 m -RRB- and Irechek -LRB- 2,852 m -RRB- . ", "Quercus dysophylla is a Mexican species of oak tree in the beech family . It grows in central Mexico in Hidalgo , México State , D.F. , Puebla , Michoacán , and San Luis Potosí . Quercus dysophylla is a tree up to 20 meters tall . Leaves are thick and leathery , up to 17 cm long , elliptical with no teeth or lobes . ", "Crataegus uniflora is a species of hawthorn known by the common name one-flowered hawthorn , or dwarf hawthorn . It is native to parts of the southeastern United States . The plant is usually a small bush , but some forms can be a few meters tall . The flowers occur singly or in small clusters . The fruit are hairy and yellow to reddish in colour . ", "This list of the tallest statues in the world includes statues that are least 30 meters tall , which was the height of the Colossus of Rhodes . The height values in this list exclude the height of any pedestal , plinth , or other base platform . This list is sorted by height of the statue by default , but can also be sorted by other criteria , such as date completed or statue name . ", "An alphabetical list of plants occurring in the Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania Ngorongoro Crater covers an area of 265 square kilometres and was formed some 2.5 million years ago from the collapse of a volcanic mountain which had become inactive . Its rim lies some 2280 meters above sea level , while the floor is at 1800 meters . The diversity of landforms and altitude has produced similarly diverse habitats of mountains , gallery forests , craters , grassy plains , swamps , lakes and woodlands , ranging from arid and semi-arid communities below 1,300 m with abundant grazing to montane vegetation with tall grassland , open moors and relict evergreen montane forests on the steep slopes . There is a large stand of bamboo , Yushania alpina , on Oldeani -LRB- an extinct volcano of 3,188 meters -RRB- and Pencil Cedar , Juniperus procera , on Makarut Mountain . There are four extinct volcanic peaks , all over 3,000 meters , the highest of which is Loolmalasin -LRB- 3,648 m -RRB- . Within the crater lies Lake Magadi , a small soda lake . The crater floor consists of shortgrass savanna punctuated by shallow , fresh and brackish lakes , marshes and swamps . Two notable forests are Lerai Forest and Laiyanai Forest , while the surrounds of Lake Eyasi are dominated by Acacia mellifera and Dalbergia melanoxylon during the dry season . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "IMDb", "Dorothy_Hann", "IVF-Worldwide", "Sssh.com", "Fliggo" ]

[ "The Internet Movie Database -LRB- abbreviated IMDb -RRB- is an online database of information related to films , television programs and video games , including cast , production crew , fictional characters , biographies , plot summaries , trivia and reviews , operated by IMDb.com , Inc. , a subsidiary of Amazon . Launched in 1990 by computer programmer Col Needham , the company was incorporated in the UK as Internet Movie Database Ltd in 1996 with revenue generated through advertising , licensing and partnerships . In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc. , who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes . , IMDb has approximately million titles -LRB- including episodes -RRB- and million personalities in its database , as well as 75 million registered users . The site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries . Although all data is checked before going live , the system has been open to abuse and occasional errors are acknowledged . Users are also invited to rate any film on a scale of 1 to 10 , and the totals are converted into a weighted mean-rating that is displayed beside each title , with online filters employed to deter ballot-stuffing . The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users . IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20 , 2017 . Anyone with an internet connection can view the movie and talent pages of IMDb . A registration process is necessary however , to contribute info to the site . A registered user chooses a site name for themselves , and is given a profile page . This profile page also shows how long a registered user has been a member , as well as personal movie ratings -LRB- should the user decide to display them -RRB- , and is also awarded badges representing how many contributions any particular registered user has submitted . These badges range from total contributions made , to independent categories such as photos , trivia , bios , etc. . If a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry , and has an IMDb page , that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO . ", "Dorothy Hann was Miss America in 1932 . Hann , from Camden , New Jersey was the first Miss America `` crowned '' since 1927 . The pageant was held in Wildwood , New Jersey instead of the traditional Atlantic City . On the Miss America website it states that no pageant was held in 1932 . The pageant won by Hann is regarded as not official . ", "IVF-Worldwide is an in-vitro fertilization -LRB- IVF -RRB- focused educational online website . At present , it is the largest directory of IVF clinics on the web . The website was founded by Prof. Milton Ka Hong Leong and Prof. Zeev Shoham both specialists in the field of infertility . IVF-Worldwide provides a variety of informative material about IFV , such as recent publications and abstracts , presentations , videos and newsletters . The website conducts large-scale online surveys among IVF Units with the goal of advancing research . IVF-Worldwide is the main supporter of the Journal of Fertilization : In Vitro - IVF-Worldwide , Reproductive Medicine , Genetics & Stem Cell Biology . Content on the website is reviewed by the IVF-Worldwide Advisory Board to promise that the content is unbiased , reliable and meets academic standards . Though it is an academic website mainly addressing specialists in IVF , the website also has a section for patients that includes information and community forums . ", "Sssh.com is a member 's only female erotica site and the first `` Porn for Women '' website to be recognized by the mainstream adult industry , winning the XBIZ Award for Best Alternative Website . ", "Fliggo was a video sharing website where users could create their own private video sharing site . Users could choose who had access to their videos and what they could do on their site . The site eventually merged with video sharing website Vidly , which was later renamed Twitvid.io . The website was founded in October 2007 by Chrys Bader and Daniel Rhodes and became incorporated in July 2008 . Fliggo publicly launched on February 25 , 2009 and was relatively well received . Tech Crunch gave an overall positive view of the website but commented that the website had the potential to become `` a magnet for videos taken down for copyright violations elsewhere or porn '' . In September 17 , 2009 the site announced that it would merge with Vidly , another video website they run , in November of that same year . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Jordi_Caballero", "Michael_Reventar", "Noah_Reid", "Lee_Daniels", "Danny_Strong" ]

[ "Jordi Caballero -LRB- born February 5 , 1965 -RRB- is a Catalan actor , dancer , choreographer and producer for stage , film , and television . Caballero received a Best Supporting Actor nomination at the 2003 Method Fest Independent Film Festival for his role as Captain Madrid in the film I Witness co-starring James Spader and Jeff Daniels . He has also been a two-time American Choreography Award nominee . As an actor , Caballero is known for portraying characters of Spanish , Italian and Euro-Mediterranean descent . ", "Michael Reventar is a Canadian actor . He is best known for his appearance as Farooq Gibran / Blackout in The Flash , and for the film Kidnap Capital , for which he received a Canadian Screen Award nomination as Best Supporting Actor at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards . ", "Noah Reid -LRB- born 29 May 1987 -RRB- is a Canadian actor and musician . In 2015 , he received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Original Song for his work in the feature film People Hold On . ", "Lee Louis Daniels -LRB- born December 24 , 1959 -RRB- is an American film and television producer and director . He produced Monster 's Ball and directed Precious , which received six Academy Award nominations , including Best Director ; the film won two of the awards . In 2012 , Daniels directed The Butler , a historical fiction drama featuring an ensemble cast portraying unique events on the 20th century presidents of the United States at the White House . Daniels is also a co-creator , executive producer and director of the television series Empire and Star , which debuted in 2015 and 2016 , respectively . ", "Daniel W. `` Danny '' Strong -LRB- born June 6 , 1974 -RRB- is an American actor , screenwriter , and producer . As an actor , Strong is best known for his roles as Jonathan Levinson in Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Doyle McMaster in Gilmore Girls . He also wrote the screenplays for Recount , the HBO adaptation Game Change , Lee Daniels ' The Butler , and the two-part finale of The Hunger Games film trilogy , Mockingjay -- Part 1 and Mockingjay -- Part 2 . Strong also is a co-creator , executive producer , and writer for the Fox series Empire . Strong has won two Emmy Awards , two Writers Guild of America Awards , a Producers Guild of America Award , and a NAACP Image Award . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Mercedes-Benz", "Daimler_AG", "Daimler-Benz", "Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft", "Mercedes-Benz_230TE" ]

[ "Mercedes-Benz -LRB- -LSB- mɛʁˈtseːdəsˌbɛnts -RSB- -RRB- is a global automobile manufacturer and a division of the German company Daimler AG . The brand is known for luxury vehicles , buses , coaches , and trucks . The headquarters is in Stuttgart , Baden-Württemberg . The name first appeared in 1926 under Daimler-Benz , but traces its origins to Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft 's 1901 Mercedes and Karl Benz 's 1886 Benz Patent-Motorwagen , which is widely regarded as the first gasoline-powered automobile . The slogan for the brand is `` the best or nothing '' and Mercedes-Benz was one of the top growing brands in 2014 with 18 % growth . ", "Daimler AG -LRB- -LSB- ˈdaɪmlɐ aːˈɡeː -RSB- -RRB- is a German multinational automotive corporation . Daimler AG is headquartered in Stuttgart , Baden-Württemberg , Germany . As of 2014 , Daimler owns or has shares in a number of car , bus , truck and motorcycle brands including Mercedes-Benz , Mercedes-AMG , Smart Automobile , Detroit Diesel , Freightliner , Western Star , Thomas Built Buses , Setra , BharatBenz , Mitsubishi Fuso , MV Agusta as well as shares in Denza , KAMAZ , Beijing Automotive Group . The luxury Maybach brand was terminated at the end of 2012 , but revived in April 2015 as `` Mercedes-Maybach '' versions of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class and G-Class . In 2016 Daimler sold 3.0 million vehicles . By unit sales , Daimler is the thirteenth-largest car manufacturer and is the largest truck manufacturer in the world . In addition to automobiles , Daimler manufactures buses and provides financial services through its Daimler Financial Services arm . The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index . ", "Daimler-Benz AG -LRB- -LSB- ˈdaɪ̯mlɐ ˈbɛnt͡s -RSB- -RRB- was a German manufacturer of automobiles , motor vehicles , and internal combustion engines ; founded in 1926 . An Agreement of Mutual Interest - which was valid until 2000 - was signed on 1 May 1924 between Karl Benz 's Benz & Cie. , and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft , which had been founded by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach . Daimler had died in 1900 , and Maybach had left in 1907 . Both companies continued to manufacture their separate automobile and internal combustion engine marques until , on 28 June 1926 , when Benz & Cie. and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft formally merged - becoming Daimler-Benz AG -LRB- Aktiengesellschaft -RRB- - and agreed that thereafter , all of the factories would use the brand name of `` Mercedes-Benz '' on their automobiles . The inclusion of the name Mercedes in the new brand name honored the most important model series of DMG automobiles , the Mercedes series , which were designed and built by Wilhelm Maybach . They derived their name from a 1900 engine named after the daughter of Emil Jellinek . Jellinek became one of DMG 's directors in 1900 , ordered a small number of motor racing cars built to his specifications by Maybach , stipulated that the engine must be named Daimler-Mercedes , and made the new automobile famous through motorsports . That race car later became known as the Mercedes 35 hp . The first of the series of production models bearing the name , Mercedes , had been produced by DMG in 1902 . Jellinek left the DMG board of directors in 1909 . The name of Daimler as a marque of automobiles had been sold by DMG - following his death in 1900 - for use by other companies -LRB- Daimler Motor Company and Austro-Daimler -RRB- , so the new company , Daimler-Benz , would have created confusion and legal problems to include Daimler in its new brand name , and therefore , used Mercedes to represent the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft interest . Karl Benz remained as a member of the board of directors of Daimler-Benz AG until his death in 1929 . Although Daimler-Benz is best known for its Mercedes-Benz automobile brand , during World War II it also created a notable series of aircraft , tank , and submarine engines . Daimler also produced parts for German arms , most notably barrels for the Mauser rifle . During World War II Daimler-Benz employed slave labour . In 1989 Daimler-Benz InterServices AG -LRB- Debis -RRB- was created to handle data processing , financial and insurance services , and real estate management for the Daimler group . In 1998 , Daimler-Benz AG bought the American automobile manufacturer Chrysler Corporation , and formed DaimlerChrysler AG . When the Chrysler Group was subsequently sold off to Cerberus Capital Management and renamed Chrysler LLC in August 2007 , the name of the parent company was changed to simply Daimler AG within two months . ", "Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft -LRB- DMG -RRB- -LRB- Daimler Motors Corporation -RRB- was a German engine and later automobile manufacturer , in operation from 1890 until 1926 . Founded by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach , it was based first in Cannstatt -LRB- today Bad Cannstatt , a city district of Stuttgart -RRB- . Daimler died in 1900 , and their business moved in 1903 to Stuttgart-Untertürkheim after the original factory was destroyed by fire , and again to Berlin in 1922 . Other factories were located in Marienfelde -LRB- near Berlin -RRB- and Sindelfingen -LRB- next to Stuttgart -RRB- . The enterprise was begun to produce petrol engines but after the success of a small number of race cars built on contract by Wilhelm Maybach for Emil Jellinek , it began to produce the Mercedes model of 1902 . After this automobile production expanded to become DMG '' 's main product , and it built several models . Because of the post World War One German economic crisis , DMG merged in 1926 with Benz & Cie. , becoming Daimler-Benz and adopting Mercedes-Benz as its automobile trademark . A further merger occurred in 1998 with Chrysler to become DaimlerChrysler '' . The name was finally changed to just Daimler AG in 2007 when Chrysler was sold . ", "Mercedes-Benz 230TE may refer to one of two automobiles : A variant of the Mercedes-Benz W123 A variant of the Mercedes-Benz W124 230TE " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Basker_Fest", "Skopje", "Stevo_Teodosievski", "Erotic_Poetry", "Davor_Palevski" ]

[ "The Basker Fest -LRB- Macedonian : Баскерфест , Baskerfest -RRB- is an international street festival in Skopje , Republic of Macedonia . It features acrobats , magicians , mimes , horses , jugglers , clowns , musicians and puppeteers who perform in the streets of Macedonia 's capital . It is organized by the civic association `` One Way '' and is under the auspices of the City of Skopje . The main location is Macedonia Square , the city 's main square , but events also take place in the municipalities of Aerodrom , Čair and Gazi Baba and the Soravia Center in the center of Skopje . Čair Municipality ", "Skopje -LRB- Скопје , -LSB- ˈskɔpjɛ -RSB- -RRB- is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia . It is the country 's political , cultural , economic , and academic center . It was known in the Roman period under the name Scupi . The territory of Skopje has been inhabited since at least 4000 BC ; remains of Neolithic settlements have been found within the old Kale Fortress that overlooks the modern city centre . On the eve of the 1st century AD , the settlement was seized by the Romans and became a military camp . When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in 395 AD , Scupi came under Byzantine rule from Constantinople . During much of the early medieval period , the town was contested between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire , whose capital it was between 972 and 992 . From 1282 , the town was part of the Serbian Empire and acted as its capital city from 1346 to 1371 . In 1392 , the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks who called the town Üsküp . The town stayed under Turkish control for over 500 years , serving as the capital of pashasanjak of Üsküb and later the Vilayet of Kosovo . At that time the city was famous for its oriental architecture . In 1912 , it was annexed by the Kingdom of Serbia during the Balkan Wars and after the First World War the city became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes -LRB- Kingdom of Yugoslavia -RRB- . In the Second World War the city was conquered by the Bulgarian Army , which was part of the Axis powers . In 1944 , it became the capital city of Democratic Macedonia -LRB- later Socialist Republic of Macedonia -RRB- , which was a federal state , part of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia -LRB- later Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia -RRB- . The city developed rapidly after World War II , but this trend was interrupted in 1963 when it was hit by a disastrous earthquake . In 1991 , it became the capital city of an independent Macedonia . Skopje is located on the upper course of the Vardar River , and is located on a major north-south Balkan route between Belgrade and Athens . It is a center for metal-processing , chemical , timber , textile , leather , and printing industries . Industrial development of the city has been accompanied by development of the trade , logistics , and banking sectors , as well as an emphasis on the fields of transportation , culture and sport . According to the last official count from 2002 , Skopje has a population of 506,926 inhabitants ; according to two more recent unofficial estimates , the city has a population of 668,518 or 491,000 inhabitants . ", "Stevo Teodosievski -LRB- 16 April 1924 -- 9 April 1997 -RRB- was Macedonian artist , music educator and humanist . After a childhood in his hometown , he spent his youth in Belgrade , returning to Kocani after World War II . Stevo Teodosievski died in Skopje on April 9 , 1997 . In the 1950s he was a truck driver while pursuing professional photography in Skopje , where he began to make money as a musician . Playing accordion at restaurants and private parties , Teodosievski engaged in private music lessons for solfeggio and music theory . Teodosievski later worked at co-repetition program of Radio Skopje . In 1954 he met Esma Redžepova who would later become his life companion . In the period from 1960 to 1989 Stevo and Esma Teodosievski lived and worked in Belgrade , and then they returned to Skopje . 47 children were brought up and educated in the traditional spirit in his music school . Ensemble `` Teodosievski '' has held more than 20,000 concerts , of which around 2,000 humanitarian , has issued 108 single plates , 20 Long - play records , 32 audio cassettes , 15 CDs , 6 video cassettes and recorded 12 shows by 30 minutes at MRTV . Winner of many awards and honors : October award of Yugoslavia silver and gold medal from the President of Yugoslavia , Josip Broz Tito Silver medal from the Red Cross of Montenegro Gold medal for humanist in Bosnia and Herzegovina Gold medal the Red Cross of Yugoslavia Award of UNICEF Yugoslavia Award for lifetime achievement in Serbia and Montenegro Gold medal , `` December 22nd - Yugoslavia '' in 1992 . Award of the city of Skopje `` November 13th '' in the field of culture and art . ", "Erotic Poetry , released in 1991 , is the first extended play -LRB- EP -RRB- album by Esham A. Smith . It followed his 1989 LP album Boomin ' Words from Hell , as his second release overall . Much like Boomin ' Words from Hell an earlier version was released including alternative artwork and instrumentals , however it was released in limited numbers and is considered a collector 's item by Esham fans . ", "Davor Palevski -LRB- born 26 February 1997 -RRB- is a Macedonian handball player who plays for RK Metalurg Skopje . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Birmingham", "City_College,_Birmingham", "CBSO_Centre", "Calera,_Alabama", "Metropolitan_Borough_of_Knowsley" ]

[ "Birmingham -LRB- -LSB- ˈbɜːmɪŋəm -RSB- -RRB- is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands , England . It is the largest and most populous British city outside London , with a population of 1,101,360 in 2014 . A medium-sized market town in the medieval period , Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution , which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide advances in science , technology , and economic development , producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society . By 1791 it was being hailed as `` the first manufacturing town in the world '' . Birmingham 's distinctive economic profile , with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly skilled trades , encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century . Perhaps the most important invention in British history , the industrial steam engine , was invented in Birmingham . Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism , that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London , and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy . From the summer of 1940 to the spring of 1943 , Birmingham was bombed heavily by the German Luftwaffe in what is known as the Birmingham Blitz . The damage done to the city 's infrastructure , in addition to a deliberate policy of demolition and new building by planners , led to extensive demolition and redevelopment in subsequent decades . Today Birmingham 's economy is dominated by the service sector . The city is a major international commercial centre , ranked as a gamma + world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ; and an important transport , retail , events and conference hub . Its metropolitan economy is the second largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $ 121.1 bn -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and its six universities make it the largest centre of higher education in the country outside London . Birmingham 's major cultural institutions -- including the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra , the Birmingham Royal Ballet , the Birmingham Repertory Theatre , the Library of Birmingham and the Barber Institute of Fine Arts -- enjoy international reputations , and the city has vibrant and influential grassroots art , music , literary and culinary scenes . Birmingham is the fourth-most visited city in the UK by foreign visitors . Birmingham 's sporting heritage can be felt worldwide , with the concept of the Football League and lawn tennis both originating from the city . Its most successful football club Aston Villa has won seven league titles and one European Cup with the other professional club being Birmingham City . People from Birmingham are called Brummies , a term derived from the city 's nickname of Brum . This originates from the city 's dialect name , Brummagem , which may in turn have been derived from one of the city 's earlier names , Bromwicham . There is a distinctive Brummie accent and dialect . ", "City College Birmingham has now merged with South Birmingham College to form South & City College Birmingham . South & City College Birmingham is a further education establishment in Birmingham , England . Providing full-time and part-time courses . Category : Further education colleges in Birmingham , West Midlands Category : Educational institutions established in 1998 Category :1998 establishments in England ", "The CBSO Centre is the administrative home and rehearsal centre of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra , the City of Birmingham Symphony Choruses -LRB- City of Birmingham Symphony Chorus , City of Birmingham Symphony Youth Chorus and City of Birmingham Young Voices -RRB- , and Birmingham Contemporary Music Group on the corner of Berkley Street and Holliday Street , in Birmingham , England . It contains a 310-seat auditorium which is also used for public performances and as a hired space for receptions and exhibitions . Built in 1997 by Associated Architects it retains a façade of Rowe 's Lead Works on Berkeley Street by H. Peter Hing -LRB- 1921 -- 22 -RRB- . ", "Calera is a city in Shelby and Chilton counties in the U.S. state of Alabama . It is the location of the Shelby County Airport . Calera 's population was 3,158 at the 2000 census . As of the 2010 census the population had more than tripled to 11,620 , making it the fastest-growing city in Alabama . It is within the Birmingham-Hoover , Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area and positively affected by the growth in its economy . ", "The Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside , England . It comprises the towns and districts of Kirkby , Prescot , Huyton , Whiston , Halewood , Cronton and Stockbridge Village ; Kirkby , Huyton , and Prescot being the major commercial centres . It takes its name from the village of Knowsley , though its headquarters are in Huyton . It forms part of the wider Liverpool City Region . The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Huyton-with-Roby Urban District , Kirkby Urban District and Prescot Urban District , along with most of Whiston Rural District and a small part of West Lancashire Rural District , all from the administrative county of Lancashire . According to the 2011 census , 80.9 % of people in Knowsley describe themselves as Christian , the highest proportion in any local authority in England and Wales . It is known for Knowsley Hall and Knowsley Safari Park . " ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Hinduism", "Hindu_texts", "Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Tourism", "Ernest_Cadman_Colwell", "Religion_in_Mauritius" ]

[ "Hinduism is a religion , or a way of life , found most notably in India and Nepal . Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world , and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as , `` the eternal law , '' or the `` eternal way , '' beyond human origins . Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions , with diverse roots and no founder . This `` Hindu synthesis '' started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE following the Vedic period -LRB- 1500 BCE to 500 BCE -RRB- . Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies , it is linked by shared concepts , recognisable rituals , cosmology , shared textual resources , and pilgrimage to sacred sites . Hindu texts are classified into Shruti -LRB- `` heard '' -RRB- and Smriti -LRB- `` remembered '' -RRB- . These texts discuss theology , philosophy , mythology , Vedic yajna , Yoga , agamic rituals , and temple building , among other topics . Major scriptures include the Vedas and Upanishads , the Bhagavad Gita , and the Agamas . Sources of authority and eternal truths in its texts play an important role , but there is also a strong Hindu tradition of the questioning of this authority , to deepen the understanding of these truths and to further develop the tradition . Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include the four Puruṣārthas , the proper goals or aims of human life , namely Dharma -LRB- ethics/duties -RRB- , Artha -LRB- prosperity/work -RRB- , Kama -LRB- desires/passions -RRB- and Moksha -LRB- liberation/freedom/salvation -RRB- ; karma -LRB- action , intent and consequences -RRB- , samsara -LRB- cycle of rebirth -RRB- , and the various Yogas -LRB- paths or practices to attain moksha -RRB- . Hindu practices include rituals such as puja -LRB- worship -RRB- and recitations , meditation , family-oriented rites of passage , annual festivals , and occasional pilgrimages . Some Hindus leave their social world and material possessions , then engage in lifelong Sannyasa -LRB- monastic practices -RRB- to achieve Moksha . Hinduism prescribes the eternal duties , such as honesty , refraining from injuring living beings -LRB- ahimsa -RRB- , patience , forbearance , self-restraint , and compassion , among others . Hinduism is the world 's third largest religion , with over one billion followers or 15 % of the global population , known as Hindus . The majority of Hindus reside in India , Nepal , Mauritius , the Caribbean , and Bali in Indonesia . ", "Hindu texts are manuscripts and historic literature related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism . A few texts are shared resources across these traditions and broadly considered as Hindu scriptures . These include the Vedas and the Upanishads . Scholars hesitate in defining the term `` Hindu scripture '' given the diverse nature of Hinduism , many include Bhagavad Gita and Agamas as Hindu scriptures , while Dominic Goodall includes Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti to the list of Hindu scriptures . There are two historic classifications of Hindu texts : Shruti -- that which is heard , and Smriti -- that which is remembered . The Śruti refers to the body of most authoritative , ancient religious texts , without any author , comprising the central canon of Hinduism . It includes the four Vedas including its four types of embedded texts - the Samhitas , the Brahmanas , the Aranyakas and the early Upanishads . Of the Shrutis -LRB- Vedic corpus -RRB- , the Upanishads alone are widely influential among Hindus , considered scriptures par excellence of Hinduism , and their central ideas have continued to influence its thoughts and traditions . The Smriti texts are a specific body of Hindu texts attributed to an author , as a derivative work they are considered less authoritative than Sruti in Hinduism . The Smrti literature is a vast corpus of diverse texts , and includes but is not limited to Vedāngas , the Hindu epics , the Sutras and Shastras , the texts of Hindu philosophies , the Puranas , the Kāvya or poetical literature , the Bhasyas , and numerous Nibandhas -LRB- digests -RRB- covering politics , ethics , culture , arts and society . Many ancient and medieval Hindu texts were composed in Sanskrit , many others in regional Indian languages . In modern times , most ancient texts have been translated into other Indian languages and some in Western languages . Prior to the start of the common era , the Hindu texts were composed orally , then memorized and transmitted orally , from one generation to next , for more than a millennia before they were written down into manuscripts . This verbal tradition of preserving and transmitting Hindu texts , from one generation to next , continued into the modern era . ", "The Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism is the government ministry of Tanzania that is responsible for the management of natural resources and cultural resources and for the development of the tourism industry . It has a wide range of investments in various tourist resources and tourism industry projects . Ministry offices are located in Dar es Salaam . The Ministry 's motto is `` Land of Kilimanjaro & Zanzibar '' . ", "Ernest Cadman Colwell -LRB- 19 January 1901 -- 24 September 1974 -RRB- was an American biblical scholar , textual critic and palaeographer . ", "Mauritius is a religiously diverse nation with Hinduism being the religion of about half the population . The people of Indian descent -LRB- Indo-Mauritian -RRB- follow mostly Hinduism and Islam . The Franco-Mauritians , Creoles and Sino-Mauritians follow Christianity . A minority of Sino-Mauritians also follow Buddhism and other Chinese-related religions . According to the 2011 census made by Statistics Mauritius , Hinduism is the major religion at 48.54 % , followed by Christianity at 31.70 % -LRB- with Catholicism as the largest Christian denomination at 26.26 % -RRB- , Islam 17.3 % and Buddhism 0.43 % in terms of number of adherents . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Neuromodulation", "TRAIL", "Nifene", "Acetylcholine", "N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl_benzilate" ]

[ "Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons . This is in contrast to classical synaptic transmission , in which one presynaptic neuron directly influences a single postsynaptic partner . Neuromodulators secreted by a small group of neurons diffuse through large areas of the nervous system , affecting multiple neurons . Major neuromodulators in the central nervous system include dopamine , serotonin , acetylcholine , histamine , and norepinephrine . Neuromodulation can be conceptualized as a neurotransmitter that is not reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or broken down into a metabolite . Such neuromodulators end up spending a significant amount of time in the cerebrospinal fluid -LRB- CSF -RRB- , influencing -LRB- or `` modulating '' -RRB- the activity of several other neurons in the brain . For this reason , some neurotransmitters are also considered to be neuromodulators , such as serotonin and acetylcholine . Neuromodulation is often contrasted with classical fast synaptic transmission . In both cases the transmitter acts on local postsynaptic receptors , but in neuromodulation , the receptors are typically G-protein coupled receptors while in classical chemical neurotransmission , they are ligand-gated ion channels . Neurotransmission that involves metabotropic receptors -LRB- like G-protein linked receptors -RRB- often also involves voltage-gated ion channels , and is relatively slow . Conversely , neurotransmission that involves exclusively ligand-gated ion channels is much faster . A related distinction is also sometimes drawn between modulator and driver synaptic inputs to a neuron , but here the emphasis is on modulating ongoing neuronal spiking versus causing that spiking . ", "In the field of cell biology , TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand -LRB- TRAIL -RRB- , is a protein functioning as a ligand that induces the process of cell death called apoptosis . TRAIL is a cytokine that is produced and secreted by most normal tissue cells . It causes apoptosis primarily in tumor cells , by binding to certain death receptors . TRAIL and its receptors have been used as the targets of several anti-cancer therapeutics since the mid-1990s , such as Mapatumumab . However , as of 2013 , these have not shown significant survival benefit . TRAIL has also been designated CD253 -LRB- cluster of differentiation 253 -RRB- and TNFSF10 -LRB- tumor necrosis factor -LRB- ligand -RRB- superfamily , member 10 -RRB- . ", "Nifene is a high affinity , selective nicotinic α4β2 receptor agonist used in medical research for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors , usually in the form of nifene -LRB- 18F -RRB- as a positron emission tomography -LRB- PET -RRB- radiotracer . Nifene has been used to assess the efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in animal models , because the neurotransmitter acetylcholine competes with the binding of nifene at the nicotinic receptor site . Learning and behavior studies in animal models using nifene have suggested a potential role of the nicotinic receptors located in distinct white matter tracts . Nifene studies in animal models of lung cancer have suggested an upregulation of the nicotinic receptor in the lung tumors . Novel PET and SPECT imaging agents as potential receptor antagonists have been developed based on the structure of nifene ; niodene for SPECT , nifrolene for PET and niofene for PET/SPECT . These new derivatives take advantage of the unique in vivo imaging properties of nifene . ", "Acetylcholine -LRB- ACh -RRB- is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals , including humans , as a neurotransmitter -- a chemical released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells . Its name is derived from its chemical structure : it is an ester of acetic acid and choline . Parts in the body that use or are affected by acetylcholine are referred to as cholinergic . Substances that interfere with acetylcholine activity are called anticholinergics . Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction -- in other words , it is the chemical that motor neurons of the nervous system release in order to activate muscles . This property means that drugs that affect cholinergic systems can have very dangerous effects ranging from paralysis to convulsions . Acetylcholine is also used as a neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system , both as an internal transmitter for the sympathetic nervous system and as the final product released by the parasympathetic nervous system . In the brain , acetylcholine functions as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator . The brain contains a number of cholinergic areas , each with distinct functions . They play an important role in arousal , attention , memory and motivation . Partly because of its muscle-activating function , but also because of its functions in the autonomic nervous system and brain , a large number of important drugs exert their effects by altering cholinergic transmission . Numerous venoms and toxins produced by plants , animals , and bacteria , as well as chemical nerve agents such as Sarin , cause harm by inactivating or hyperactivating muscles via their influences on the neuromuscular junction . Drugs that act on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors , such as atropine , can be poisonous in large quantities , but in smaller doses they are commonly used to treat certain heart conditions and eye problems . Scopolamine , which acts mainly on muscarinic receptors in the brain , can cause delirium and amnesia . The addictive qualities of nicotine derive from its effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain . ", "N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate -LRB- JB-318 -RRB- is an anticholinergic drug related to the chemical warfare agent 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate . N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate is less potent and shorter acting than 3-quinuclidyl benzilate , but like 3-QNB its effects on the central nervous system predominate over peripheral effects . It produces deliriant and hallucinogenic effects similar to those of plants such as datura and may be used recreationally at low doses ; however , unpleasant side effects such as dysphoria , nausea and vomiting , dizziness and extreme dry mouth tend to make abuse of drugs of this kind uncommon . Both the N-methyl and N-ethyl analogues of 3-piperidyl benzilate are , however , Schedule I controlled drugs . Radiolabelled versions of this drug have been used in scientific research to map the distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain , however this drug has slightly lower binding affinity than the N-methyl analogue and so is less potent and not so widely used for this application . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Cordilleran_Ice_Sheet", "Ice_sheet", "East_Greenland_Ice-Core_Project", "Pegasus_Field", "Meat_shoot" ]

[ "The Cordilleran ice sheet was a major ice sheet that periodically covered large parts of North America during glacial periods over the last ~ 2.6 million years . This included the following areas : Western Montana The Idaho Panhandle Northern Washington state down to about Olympia and Spokane All of British Columbia The southwestern third or so of Yukon Territory All of the Alaska Panhandle South Central Alaska The Alaska Peninsula Almost all of the continental shelf north of the Strait of Juan de Fuca The ice sheet covered up to 2.5 million square kilometres at the Last Glacial Maximum and probably more than that in some previous periods , when it may have extended into the northeast extremity of Oregon and the Salmon River Mountains in Idaho . It is probable , though , that its northern margin also migrated south due to the influence of starvation caused by very low levels of precipitation . At its eastern end the Cordilleran ice sheet merged with the Laurentide ice sheet at the Continental Divide , forming an area of ice that contained one and a half times as much water as the Antarctic ice sheet does today . At its western end it is believed nowadays that several small glacial refugia existed during the last glacial maximum below present sea level in the now-submerged Hecate Strait and on the Brooks Peninsula in northern Vancouver Island . However , evidence of ice-free refugia above present sea level north of the Olympic Peninsula has been refuted by genetic and geological studies since the middle 1990s . The ice sheet faded north of the Alaska Range because the climate was too dry to form glaciers . Unlike the Laurentide ice sheet , which is believed to have taken as much as eleven thousand years to fully melt , it is believed the Cordilleran ice sheet , except for areas that remain glaciated today , melted very quickly , probably in four thousand years or less . This rapid melting caused such floods as the overflow of Lake Missoula and shaped the topography of the extremely fertile Inland Empire of Eastern Washington . ", "An ice sheet is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50000 km2 , thus also known as continental glacier . The only current ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland ; during the last glacial period at Last Glacial Maximum -LRB- LGM -RRB- the Laurentide ice sheet covered much of North America , the Weichselian ice sheet covered northern Europe and the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered southern South America . Ice sheets are bigger than ice shelves or alpine glaciers . Masses of ice covering less than 50,000 km2 are termed an ice cap . An ice cap will typically feed a series of glaciers around its periphery . Although the surface is cold , the base of an ice sheet is generally warmer due to geothermal heat . In places , melting occurs and the melt-water lubricates the ice sheet so that it flows more rapidly . This process produces fast-flowing channels in the ice sheet -- these are ice streams . The present-day polar ice sheets are relatively young in geological terms . The Antarctic Ice Sheet first formed as a small ice cap -LRB- maybe several -RRB- in the early Oligocene , but retreating and advancing many times until the Pliocene , when it came to occupy almost all of Antarctica . The Greenland ice sheet did not develop at all until the late Pliocene , but apparently developed very rapidly with the first continental glaciation . This had the unusual effect of allowing fossils of plants that once grew on present-day Greenland to be much better preserved than with the slowly forming Antarctic ice sheet . ", "The East Greenland Ice-Core Project , known as EGRIP , is a scientific project that plans to retrieve an ice core from the Northeast Greenland ice stream . The first season in the field was 2015 ; the project is expected to be drilling through to the base of the ice sheet by 2020 . Much of the camp set up for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling Project -LRB- NEEM -RRB- was moved to the EGRIP location in 2015 . The equipment was towed by several tractors . The team ran low on fuel and had to abandon some equipment , arriving at the EGRIP location on 26 May , after nine days of towing . ", "Pegasus Field was an airstrip in Antarctica , the southernmost of three airfields serving McMurdo Station . It closed due to excessive melting in the summer season caused by warmer temperatures combined with dust and dirt blown in from nearby Black Island . The last flight was on December 8 , 2016 and it was replaced by Phoenix Airfield with flights expected to start in February 2017 . Pegasus was originally conceived as a blue ice runway capable of handling wheeled aircraft year-round , but as it was developed , it was enhanced with a 4-inch layer of compacted snow on top -- thus more properly characterizing it as a white ice runway . Other local runways are the snow runways at Williams Field that are limited to ski-equipped aircraft , and the Ice Runway on the sea-ice available during the summer Antarctic field season . The field was named after Pegasus , a C-121 Lockheed Constellation , still visible there in the snow after crashing in bad weather on October 8 , 1970 . No one on board was injured . On September 11 , 2008 , a United States Air Force C-17 Globemaster III successfully completed the first landing in Antarctica using night-vision goggles at Pegasus Field . Previously air transport in the permanent darkness of the winter was only used in emergencies , with burning barrels of fuel to outline the runway . ", "Meat shoots are commonly mistaken as block shoots , ham shoots , turkey shoots , etc. . This is , however , a misnomer . They are typically run as fund raising events by small rod and gun clubs , gun owners associations , or Veterans of Foreign Wars chapters . Rules vary depending on location , but the general idea is that using shotguns or other small target shooting weapons , participants shoot at paper targets to try to win prizes -LRB- often , hams or turkeys , or select cuts of beef -RRB- . Events usually include a numbered sign-up sheet on which shooters write their name to indicate for which prize they would like to compete . Different lines on the sheet correspond to different specific prizes -LRB- e.g. line # 1 may be competing for a ham -RRB- . Shooters can often buy as many chances to shoot as they would like . There are target cards numbered from 1 - 20 for each shoot . All targets are paper , all shells are light target loads , and both are provided by the club to keep everything fair . Each set of 20 targets is also numbered to match the number of the corresponding sign up sheet . The targets are hung out one at a time , and each shooter fires one shot at one target , in the numerical order of the sign up sheet . The targets are inspected/measured by a judge with a magnifying glass , who does n't see the shooters ' names or the sign-up sheet , just the 20 numbered targets , from one shooter at a time . This helps to keep the results unbiased due to anonymity . The card with a hole closest to the X in the center of the target is the winner . It does n't matter how many pellets hit the card ; the one closest to center is the one that counts . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Cordilleran_Ice_Sheet", "Ice_sheet", "East_Greenland_Ice-Core_Project", "Pegasus_Field", "Meat_shoot" ]

[ "The Cordilleran ice sheet was a major ice sheet that periodically covered large parts of North America during glacial periods over the last ~ 2.6 million years . This included the following areas : Western Montana The Idaho Panhandle Northern Washington state down to about Olympia and Spokane All of British Columbia The southwestern third or so of Yukon Territory All of the Alaska Panhandle South Central Alaska The Alaska Peninsula Almost all of the continental shelf north of the Strait of Juan de Fuca The ice sheet covered up to 2.5 million square kilometres at the Last Glacial Maximum and probably more than that in some previous periods , when it may have extended into the northeast extremity of Oregon and the Salmon River Mountains in Idaho . It is probable , though , that its northern margin also migrated south due to the influence of starvation caused by very low levels of precipitation . At its eastern end the Cordilleran ice sheet merged with the Laurentide ice sheet at the Continental Divide , forming an area of ice that contained one and a half times as much water as the Antarctic ice sheet does today . At its western end it is believed nowadays that several small glacial refugia existed during the last glacial maximum below present sea level in the now-submerged Hecate Strait and on the Brooks Peninsula in northern Vancouver Island . However , evidence of ice-free refugia above present sea level north of the Olympic Peninsula has been refuted by genetic and geological studies since the middle 1990s . The ice sheet faded north of the Alaska Range because the climate was too dry to form glaciers . Unlike the Laurentide ice sheet , which is believed to have taken as much as eleven thousand years to fully melt , it is believed the Cordilleran ice sheet , except for areas that remain glaciated today , melted very quickly , probably in four thousand years or less . This rapid melting caused such floods as the overflow of Lake Missoula and shaped the topography of the extremely fertile Inland Empire of Eastern Washington . ", "An ice sheet is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50000 km2 , thus also known as continental glacier . The only current ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland ; during the last glacial period at Last Glacial Maximum -LRB- LGM -RRB- the Laurentide ice sheet covered much of North America , the Weichselian ice sheet covered northern Europe and the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered southern South America . Ice sheets are bigger than ice shelves or alpine glaciers . Masses of ice covering less than 50,000 km2 are termed an ice cap . An ice cap will typically feed a series of glaciers around its periphery . Although the surface is cold , the base of an ice sheet is generally warmer due to geothermal heat . In places , melting occurs and the melt-water lubricates the ice sheet so that it flows more rapidly . This process produces fast-flowing channels in the ice sheet -- these are ice streams . The present-day polar ice sheets are relatively young in geological terms . The Antarctic Ice Sheet first formed as a small ice cap -LRB- maybe several -RRB- in the early Oligocene , but retreating and advancing many times until the Pliocene , when it came to occupy almost all of Antarctica . The Greenland ice sheet did not develop at all until the late Pliocene , but apparently developed very rapidly with the first continental glaciation . This had the unusual effect of allowing fossils of plants that once grew on present-day Greenland to be much better preserved than with the slowly forming Antarctic ice sheet . ", "The East Greenland Ice-Core Project , known as EGRIP , is a scientific project that plans to retrieve an ice core from the Northeast Greenland ice stream . The first season in the field was 2015 ; the project is expected to be drilling through to the base of the ice sheet by 2020 . Much of the camp set up for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling Project -LRB- NEEM -RRB- was moved to the EGRIP location in 2015 . The equipment was towed by several tractors . The team ran low on fuel and had to abandon some equipment , arriving at the EGRIP location on 26 May , after nine days of towing . ", "Pegasus Field was an airstrip in Antarctica , the southernmost of three airfields serving McMurdo Station . It closed due to excessive melting in the summer season caused by warmer temperatures combined with dust and dirt blown in from nearby Black Island . The last flight was on December 8 , 2016 and it was replaced by Phoenix Airfield with flights expected to start in February 2017 . Pegasus was originally conceived as a blue ice runway capable of handling wheeled aircraft year-round , but as it was developed , it was enhanced with a 4-inch layer of compacted snow on top -- thus more properly characterizing it as a white ice runway . Other local runways are the snow runways at Williams Field that are limited to ski-equipped aircraft , and the Ice Runway on the sea-ice available during the summer Antarctic field season . The field was named after Pegasus , a C-121 Lockheed Constellation , still visible there in the snow after crashing in bad weather on October 8 , 1970 . No one on board was injured . On September 11 , 2008 , a United States Air Force C-17 Globemaster III successfully completed the first landing in Antarctica using night-vision goggles at Pegasus Field . Previously air transport in the permanent darkness of the winter was only used in emergencies , with burning barrels of fuel to outline the runway . ", "Meat shoots are commonly mistaken as block shoots , ham shoots , turkey shoots , etc. . This is , however , a misnomer . They are typically run as fund raising events by small rod and gun clubs , gun owners associations , or Veterans of Foreign Wars chapters . Rules vary depending on location , but the general idea is that using shotguns or other small target shooting weapons , participants shoot at paper targets to try to win prizes -LRB- often , hams or turkeys , or select cuts of beef -RRB- . Events usually include a numbered sign-up sheet on which shooters write their name to indicate for which prize they would like to compete . Different lines on the sheet correspond to different specific prizes -LRB- e.g. line # 1 may be competing for a ham -RRB- . Shooters can often buy as many chances to shoot as they would like . There are target cards numbered from 1 - 20 for each shoot . All targets are paper , all shells are light target loads , and both are provided by the club to keep everything fair . Each set of 20 targets is also numbered to match the number of the corresponding sign up sheet . The targets are hung out one at a time , and each shooter fires one shot at one target , in the numerical order of the sign up sheet . The targets are inspected/measured by a judge with a magnifying glass , who does n't see the shooters ' names or the sign-up sheet , just the 20 numbered targets , from one shooter at a time . This helps to keep the results unbiased due to anonymity . The card with a hole closest to the X in the center of the target is the winner . It does n't matter how many pellets hit the card ; the one closest to center is the one that counts . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Eurotas_-LRB-river-RRB-", "Cephissus_-LRB-Boeotia-RRB-", "Constantine_Dragases", "Battle_of_Spercheios", "Ravennika" ]

[ "The Eurotas or Evrotas -LRB- Greek : Ευρώτας -RRB- is the main river of Laconia and one of the major rivers of the Peloponnese , in Greece . The river 's springs are located just northwest of the border between Laconia and Arcadia , at Skortsinos . The river is also fed by underwater springs at Pellana and by tributaries coursing down from Mt. Taygetos and Mt. Parnon , which flank the Eurotas valley to the west and east , respectively . The river is 82 km long , flowing in a north-south direction and emptying into the Laconian Gulf . ", "The Cephissus or Kifisos is a river in central Greece . In Greek mythology the river god Cephissus was associated with this river . The river rises at Lilaia in Phocis , on the northwestern slope of Mount Parnassus . It flows east through the Boeotian plain , passing the towns Amfikleia , Kato Tithorea and Orchomenos . It drained into Lake Copais , which was therefore also called the Cephisian Lake , until 1887 , when the lake was drained . An artificial outflow has been created to Lake Yliki -LRB- ancient Hylice -RRB- , further east . Pausanias records a Theban tradition that the river Cephissus formerly flowed under a mountain and entered the sea until Heracles blocked the passage and diverted the water into the Orchomenian plain ; but he does not believe it . Pausanias also says that the Lilaeans on certain days threw cakes and other customary items into the spring of the Cephissus and that they would reappear in the spring of Castalia . The Cephissus valley is of strategic importance , connecting northern Greece via the passes of Mount Oeta and Mount Kallidromo -LRB- including Thermopylae -RRB- to southern Greece and the Gulf of Corinth . As a result , in the Frankish period a chain of forts and watchtowers was established along its course by the rulers of the Duchy of Athens . ", "Constantine Dragases may refer to : Constantine Dragaš , Serbian Prince of Velebusdos ; Serres , Greece ; and the Struma River valley in western Bulgaria Constantine XI Palaiologos , nicknamed Constantine Dragases , the last Byzantine emperor ", "The Battle of Spercheios took place in 997 AD , on the shores of the Spercheios river near the city of Lamia in central Greece . It was fought between a Bulgarian army led by Tsar Samuil , that in the previous year had penetrated south into Greece , and a Byzantine army under the command of general Nikephoros Ouranos . The Byzantine victory virtually destroyed the Bulgarian army , and stopped its raids in the southern Balkans and Greece . The major historical source on the battle comes from Greek historian John Skylitzes whose Synopsis of Histories contains a biography of the then reigning Byzantine Emperor , Basil II . ", "Ravennika or Ravenica was a medieval settlement in Central Greece . Ravennika is first mentioned as `` Rovinaca '' by the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela , who reported 100 Jewish families there . The name is probably Slavic in origin , meaning something like `` plain '' . Its exact location is unclear , but from the literary references it appears to have been near the mouths of the Spercheios River , south of Lamia . The town was the scene of two parliaments held by the Latin Emperor Henry of Flanders , one in 1209 to receive the submission of the rebellious Crusader lords of the Kingdom of Thessalonica and southern Greece , and the second in 1210 to settle the disputes between the Crusader lords and the Roman Catholic Church prelates in Greece . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Jeera_rice", "Puri_bhaji", "Baccalà_alla_lucana", "Sopa_de_Gato", "Kidney_dish" ]

[ "Jeera rice or Zeera rice is an Indian dish consisting of rice and cumin seeds . This rice dish is known as `` Zeera rice '' in Pakistan . It is a popular dish in North India , an everyday rice dish . It is easy to prepare , unlike a biryani . `` Jeera '' is the Hindi word for cumin seeds . The ingredients used are rice , cumin seeds , vegetable oil , onions and coriander leaves . ", "Puri bhaji -LRB- sometimes spelled poori bhaji -RRB- is a South Asian dish made up of puri and aloo -LRB- potato -RRB- bhajji . The Puris are made up of flat rounds of flour which are deep fried , served with a spiced potato dish which could be dry or curried . It is a traditional breakfast dish in North India . A lot of Indian households prefer puri bhaji and other traditional dishes over cereals for breakfast . Some serve it for lunch along with condiments such as yogurt and salad . In central India , puri bhaji is served as a street snack . Puri bhaji is a vegetarian dish and is popular in India because it is relatively inexpensive and tasty . The dish is also served on railway platforms in India and Pakistan and is served as a packed lunch on trains along with pickle . The Puri bhajji are also served with halva . ", "Baccalà alla lucana is a traditional dish from Basilicata , particularly widespread in the area of the comune of Avigliano and it is therefore also known as baccalà all ` aviglianese . A typical Christmas dish , it is made of cod and crunchy red peppers known as `` cruschi '' . ", "Sopa de gato -LRB- in English : Cat soup -RRB- is a simple soup typical of the classic cuisine of southern Spain . It is a very thick sopa -LRB- soup -RRB- served hot . It is a suitable dish for the winter months . Typical ingredients in the dish 's preparation include water , bread , oil , garlic and salt . ", "A kidney dish -LRB- British English -RRB- or emesis basin -LRB- American English -RRB- is a shallow basin with a kidney-shaped footprint and sloping walls -LRB- hence its alternate name -RRB- used in medical and surgical wards to receive soiled dressings and other medical waste . Reusable kidney dishes are usually made of stainless steel , while disposable ones may be made of paper pulp or plastic . The shape of the dish allows it to be held against the patient 's body to catch any falling fluids or debris . Various sizes of emesis basin are a common sight in healthcare settings , including facilities such as nursing homes that may have bedridden patients . The disposable version of the kidney dish was invented by Bessie Virginia Blount . The disposable molded pulp kidney dish is replacing the stainless steel dish because one-use-only products can decrease cross-communication of disease . Generally , the volume of a pulp kidney dish -LRB- or `` vomit dish '' -RRB- is 700 ml . Its length is 25 cm-26 cm , its width 11 cm . Each year more than 100 million pulp kidney dishes are used in hospital or family care . Contrary to its name , emesis basins are not usually used for vomiting , as the depth , size , and sloping walls all contribute to spilling or splashing the vomit rather than catching it . For this purpose , a plastic bag or wash basin is often preferred , especially by ambulance crews who may need to receive the vomit while driving rapidly , and then hand it over for analysis . Emesis basins are suited for more controlled situations . When washing out a small wound , for example , sometimes the wash water is applied from above with an emesis basin held underneath to catch the runoff . The concave inner rim helps to conform to the curve of the body . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 2, 1 ]

[ "New_Jersey_Turnpike", "List_of_turnpikes_in_New_Jersey", "Palisades_Cemetery", "Oxford_Turnpike", "Fort_Lee_lane_closure_scandal" ]

[ "The New Jersey Turnpike -LRB- NJTP -RRB- , colloquially known to New Jerseyans as `` the Turnpike '' , is a toll road in New Jersey , maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . According to the International Bridge , Tunnel and Turnpike Association , the Turnpike is the nation 's sixth-busiest toll road and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States . Having a total length of 122.40 mi , the Turnpike 's southern terminus begins at Interstate 295 -LRB- I-295 -RRB- near the border of Pennsville and Carneys Point Townships in Salem County , one mile east of the Delaware Memorial Bridge . Its northern terminus is located at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee , Bergen County . The Turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to various localities in New Jersey , as well as Delaware , Pennsylvania , and New York . The route divides into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14 , with the inner lanes restricted to carrying only cars , and with the outer lanes for cars , trucks and buses . The northern part of the mainline turnpike , along with the entirety of its extensions and spurs , is part of the Interstate Highway System , designated as I-95 between exit 6 and its northern end . South of exit 6 , it has the unsigned Route 700 designation . There are two extensions and two spurs , including the Newark Bay Extension at exit 14 , which carries I-78 ; the Pennsylvania Turnpike Extension -LRB- officially the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension -RRB- at exit 6 ; and the Eastern Spur and the Western Spur at the turnpike 's northernmost end . Construction of the mainline from conceptualization to completion took 23 months , from 1950 to 1952 . It was officially opened to traffic in November 1951 , between its southern terminus and exit 10 . The Turnpike has 12 ft lanes , 10 ft shoulders , 13 rest areas named after notable residents of New Jersey , and unusual exit signage that was considered the pinnacle of highway building in the 1950s . The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines by copying the Turnpike 's design guidelines . To some degree , the Turnpike is considered iconic in pop culture , having been referenced in music , film and television . ", "This is a list of turnpike roads , built and operated by private companies in exchange for the privilege of collecting a toll , in the U.S. state of New Jersey , mainly in the 19th century . While most of the roads are now maintained as free public roads , some have been abandoned . -RCB- | Allentown - Imlaystown | CR 526 | - | Belleville Bridge and Turnpike Road Association | | | | - | Belleville Turnpike | | Belleville - Kearny | Route 7 | - | Belleville and Newark Plank Road | | | | - | Bergen Turnpike | | Hackensack - Ridgefield - Hoboken | Hudson Street , Bergen Turnpike , U.S. Route 1/9 , Bergen Turnpike , Hackensack Plank Road | - | Berlin and Haddonfield Turnpike | | Berlin - Haddonfield | CR 561 | - | Beverly and Charleston Turnpike | | | | - | Beverly and Mount Holly Plank Road or Turnpike | | Beverly - Rancocas - Mount Holly | Mount Holly Road , Beverly Rancocas Road , Rancocas Road | - | Beverly and Riverton Turnpike and Bridge Company | | | | - | Bordentown and Columbus Turnpike | | Bordentown - Columbus - Chambers Corners | U.S. Route 206 | - | Bordentown and Crosswicks Turnpike | | Bordentown - Crosswicks - North Crosswicks ; branch to Chesterfield - New Egypt | CR 528 , Bordentown Crosswicks Road ; CR 528 | - | Bordentown and Drawbridge Turnpike | | Bordentown - White Horse | US 206 | - | Bordentown and Hornerstown Turnpike | | Bordentown - Chesterfield - Hornerstown | County Route 528 , Arneytown Chesterfield Road , Arneytown Hornerstown Road | - | Bordentown and South Amboy Turnpike | | Bordentown - Washington - Hightstown - Cranbury - Jamesburg - Spotswood - South Amboy | U.S. Route 130 , Route 33 , Main Street , County Route 535 , Bordentown Turnpike , County Route 615 | - | Bricksburg and Point Pleasant Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Deerfield Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Fairfield Turnpike | | Bridgeton - Fairton | Bridgeton Fairton Road | - | Bridgeton and Marlton Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Millville Turnpike | | Bridgeton - Millville | Route 49 | - | Burlington Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Burlington and Beverly Turnpike | | Burlington - Beverly | County Route 543 | - | Burlington and Columbus Turnpike | | Burlington - Columbus - Tilghmans Corner | CR 543 , Mt. Pleasant Road | - | Burlington and Jacksonville Turnpike | | | | - | Burlington and Mount Holly Turnpike | | Burlington - Mount Holly | County Route 541 | - | Burlington and Willingboro Turnpike | | Burlington - Willingboro | Salem Road | - | Camden and Atlantic Turnpike | | | | - | Camden and Blackwoodtown Turnpike | | Camden - Mount Ephraim - Blackwood | Route 168 | - | Camden , Ellisburg and Marlton Turnpike | | Camden - Marlton | Route 70 | - | Camden and Gloucester City Turnpike | | | | - | Cape Island Turnpike | | Cape May Point - Cape May | Sunset Boulevard | - | Cape May Turnpike | | Cape May - Cape May Court House | U.S. Route 9 | - | Cape May Boulevard Turnpike | | | | - | Centreton Turnpike | | | | - | Coleville and Carpenter 's Point Turnpike | | Colesville Wantage Twp , Montague Twp | Route 23 | - | Columbia and Walpack Turnpike | | Columbia - Millbrook - Walpack - Tuttles Corner | Interstate 80 , Old Mine Road , Mountain Road , Brook Road | - | Columbus and Kinkora Turnpike | | Kinkora - Columbus | Kinkora Road , Hedding Road | - | Columbus and Wrightstown Turnpike | | | | - | County Line Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Ten Mile Run | | - | Crosswicks and Trenton Turnpike | | Crosswicks - Trenton | Broad Street , County Route 524 | - | Deal and Squan Bridge Turnpike | | Deal - Asbury Park - Belmar - Lake Como | Route 71 | - | Deckertown and Newton Turnpike | | Sussex - Newton | Loomis Avenue , County Route 565 , U.S. Route 206 | - | Delaware and Jobstown Rail or McAdamised Road | | | | - | Dover Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Dutch Lane and Marlboro Turnpike | | | | - | East Brunswick and New Brunswick Turnpike | | | | - | Eatontown and Sea Shore Turnpike | | Eatontown - Long Branch | County Route 537 | - | Eatontown and Squan Turnpike | | | | - | Elizabeth and Rahway Plank Road | | | | - | Englewood Dock and Turnpike | | | | - | Englishtown and Millstone Turnpike | | | | - | Englishtown Turnpike | | | | - | Essex and Middlesex Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Metuchen - Rahway - Elizabeth - Newark | Route 27 , Northeast Corridor right-of-way , Broad Street | - | Ewing and Hopewell Turnpike | | | | - | Farmers ' Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Farmingdale and Squankum Turnpike | | | | - | Florence and Freehold Plank or Turnpike Road | | Florence - Freehold | | - | Florence and Jobstown Turnpike | | | | - | Florence and Keyport Plank Road | | Union Beach - Morganville | County Route 39 , County Route 3 | Was planned to reach Florence | - | Forked River and Barnegat Turnpike | | | | - | Franklin Turnpike | | Ho-Ho-Kus - Allendale - Mahwah - New York -LRB- Orange Turnpike -RRB- | Franklin Turnpike , County Route 507 | - | Freehold and Colt 's Neck Turnpike | | Freehold - Colts Neck | County Route 537 | - | Freehold and Englishtown Turnpike | | Freehold - Englishtown | County Route 522 | - | Freehold and Howell Plank Road | | Freehold - Howell | Route 79 , U.S. Route 9 , County Route 524 | - | Freehold and Jerseyville Turnpike | | | Jerseyville Avenue , Route 33 | - | Freehold and Smithville Plank Road | | | County Route 537 | - | Freehold and Smithville Turnpike | | | County Route 537 | - | Georgetown and Franklin Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Rocky Hill - Hopewell - Lambertville - Pennsylvania | Route 27 , County Route 518 | - | Glassboro and Carpenter 's Landing Turnpike | | Glassboro - Mantua | | - | Glassboro and Malaga Turnpike | | Glassboro - Clayton - Franklinville - Malaga | Route 47 | - | Gloucester Turnpike | | | | - | Gloucester and Salem Turnpike | | | | - | Good Intent and Woodbury Turnpike | | | | - | Godwinville and Paterson McAdamized Road | | | | - | Gravelly Ridge Turnpike | | Jericho - Woods Upper Mill | Jericho Road | - | Great and Little Egg Harbor Turnpike | | | | - | Hackensack and Fort Lee Turnpike | | Hackensack - Fort Lee | Fort Lee Road , Main Street | - | Hackensack and Harrington Plank Road | | Ridgefield Park - Teaneck - Dumont - New York | Teaneck Road , Washington Avenue , Schraalenburgh Road , Tappan Road | - | Hackensack and Paterson Turnpike | | Paterson - Elmwood Park - Saddle Brook - Hackensack | Market Street , Essex Street | - | Hackensack Plank Road | | Bergen Turnpike | | - | Haddonfield and Camden Turnpike | | Haddonfield - Camden | County Route 561 | - | Hainesport , Lumberton and Vincentown Turnpike | | Hainesport - Lumberton - Vincentown | Chestnut Street , Landing Street | - | Highlands and Sea Bright Turnpike | | Navesink Beach -LRB- Highlands Station -RRB- - Sea Bright | Route 36 | - | Hightstown and Allentown Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Cranbury Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Imlaystown Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Manalapanville Turnpike | | Hightstown - Manalapan | Route 33 | - | Hightstown and Perrineville Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Princeton Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Robbinsville Turnpike | | | | - | Hoboken and Hudson River Turnpike | | | | - | Holmdel and Keyport Turnpike | | Holmdel - Keyport | County Route 4 | - | Holmdel and Middletown Point Turnpike | | Holmdel - Matawan | Route 34 | - | Hope and Hackettstown Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Hopewell and Ewing Turnpike | | Trenton - Ewing - Pennington | Route 31 | - | Howell Turnpike | | | | - | Hudson and Bergen Plank Road | | | | - | Hudson and Hackensack Roadway | | | | - | Hunterdon and Sussex Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jefferson Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jersey City and Acquackanonk Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jersey City and Bergen Point Plank Road | | Jersey City - Bayonne - Bergen Point | Grand Street , Ocean Avenue , Broadway | - | Keyport and Middletown Turnpike | | | Route 35 | - | Keyport and Oak Grove Turnpike | | Unbuilt | Broadway , Lloyd Road , Line Road | - | Lambertville and Flemington Plank Road | | | | - | Lambertville and Flemington Turnpike | | | | - | Lambertville and Ringoes Turnpike | | | | - | Lambertville and Rocky Hill Turnpike | | | | - | Lawrence Turnpike | | | | - | Lawrenceville , Berkeley and Thorofare Turnpike | | | | - | Leedsville and Colt 's Neck Turnpike | | | | - | Long Beach Turnpike | | Manahawkin - Ship Bottom | Route 72 | - | Long Branch and Deal Turnpike | | Deal - Long Branch | Monmouth Road | - | Long Branch and Sea Bright Turnpike | | Sea Bright - Long Branch | Route 36 | - | Long-a-coming and Chew 's Landing Turnpike | | Berlin -LRB- Long-a-coming -RRB- - Clementon - Chews Landing | Clementon Road , Berlin Road , Chews Landing Road | - | Longacoming , May 's Landing and Tuckerton Turnpike | | | | - | Manalapan and Freehold Turnpike | | Manalapan - Freehold | Route 33 ; County Route 24 | - | Manalapan and Patton 's Corner Turnpike | | Manalapan - Morganville | County Route 3 | - | Manalapan Turnpike | | | | - | Manalapanville and Englishtown Turnpike | | Manalapan - Englishtown | County Route 527 Alternate | - | Manalapanville and Perrineville Turnpike | | | | - | Mantua Creek and Red Bank Turnpike | | | | - | Marlborough and Quinton 's Bridge Turnpike | | | | - | Matawan and Holmdel Turnpike | | Unbuilt | Bethany Road , Church Street | - | Mechanicsville and Oceanville Turnpike | | | | - | Medford and Indiantown Turnpike | | | | - | Medford and Tuckerton Turnpike | | Medford - Tuckerton | County Route 541 , Stokes Road , Iron Pipe Road , Chatsworth Road , Stage Road | - | Middlesex and Monmouth Turnpike | | | County Route 516 | - | Middletown Turnpike | | Middletown - Red Bank | Route 35 | - | Middletown and Holmdel Turnpike | | | | - | Middletown and Keyport Turnpike | | Keyport - Middletown | Route 35 | - | Milltown Turnpike | | | | - | Millville and Buckshutem Turnpike | | | | - | Millville and Malaga Road | | Millville - Vineland - Malaga | Route 47 | - | Millville and Mauricetown Turnpike | | | | - | Millville , Vineland and Carlsburg Turnpike | | | | - | Monmouth County Plank Road | | Freehold - Matawan - Keyport | Route 79 , County Route 516 , County Route 6 | - | Moorestown and Camden Turnpike | | Moorestown - Camden | County Route 537 | - | Moorestown and Mount Laurel Turnpike | | Moorestown - Mount Laurel | | - | Morris Turnpike | | Elizabeth - Union - Morristown - Netcong - Newton - Culver 's Gap | Route 82 , Route 124 , Sussex Turnpike , Route 10 , U.S. Route 46 , U.S. Route 206 , County Route 519 , Morris Turnpike | - | Morristown and Baskingridge Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Eayrestown Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Jobstown Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Jobstown | County Route 537 | - | Mount Holly , Lumberton and Medford Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Lumberton - Medford | County Route 541 | - | Mount Holly and Moorestown Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Moorestown | County Route 537 | - | Mount Holly and Pemberton Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Pemberton South Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Hope and Longwood Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Mullica Hill and Camden Turnpike | | Mullica Hill - Mantua - Woodbury | Route 45 | - | Mullica Hill and Pittsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Pole Tavern Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Red Bank Turnpike or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Woodbury Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Woodstown Turnpike | | Mullica Hill - Woodstown | Route 45 | - | Navesink Turnpike | | | | - | Newark Plank Road and Ferry | | Jersey City - Newark | Newark Avenue , Communipaw Ave/U . S. Route 1/9 Truck , Ferry Street | - | Newark Turnpike | | Jersey City - Harrison - Newark | Newark Avenue , Route 7 , County Route 508 | - | Newark and Clinton Plank Road | | | | - | Newark and Elizabeth Plank Road | | Newark - Elizabeth | NJ 27 | - | Newark and Elizabethtown Plank Road | | | | - | Newark and Morris Turnpike | | Newark - South Orange - Morristown | County Route 510 | - | Newark and Mount Pleasant Turnpike | | Newark - West Orange - Dover | Route 10 | - | Newark and Pompton Turnpike | | Newark - Bloomfield - Montclair - Singac - Riverdale ; Montclair - Caldwell - Pine Brook | County Route 506 Spur , County Route 506 , Route 23 , Newark Pompton Turnpike ; County Route 506 | - | New Brunswick and Cranbury Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Cranbury - Cranbury Station | | - | New Brunswick and Middleburgh Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | New Egypt and Manchester Turnpike | | | | - | New Germantown Turnpike | | North Branch - Lamington - Oldwick - Long Valley | County Route 665 , County Route 517 | - | New Jersey Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Bound Brook - Somerville - Lebanon - Clinton - Bloomsbury - Phillipsburg - Pennsylvania | County Route 527 , Route 28 , U.S. Route 22 , Route 122 | - | New Milford Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | New Providence Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Newton Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | North Hudson Turnpike | | | | - | Ocean Beach and Squan River Turnpike | | | | - | Ocean City and Beesley 's Point Turnpike | | | | - | Parsippany and Rockaway Turnpike | | Pine Brook - Parsippany - Denville - Rockaway - Wharton | U.S. Route 46 , Main Street , Mount Pleasant Avenue | - | Passaic Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Passaic and Hackensack Ferry and Road | | | | - | Paterson and Hamburg Turnpike | | Passaic - Paterson - Riverdale - Bloomingdale - Hamburg - Sussex - Montague - Pennsylvania | Main Avenue , Main Street , Broadway , Hamburg Turnpike , Route 23 , Libertyville Road , Deckertown Turnpike | - | Paterson and New Antrim Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Paterson and New Prospect Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Paterson and New York Plank Road | | Paterson - Passaic - Wallington - East Rutherford - Secaucus - Hoboken | Main Street , Main Avenue , Paterson Avenue , Route 120 , Paterson Plank Road | - | Peapack Plank Road | | | | - | Perrineville and Monroe Turnpike | | | | - | Perrineville and Sweetman 's Lane Turnpike | | | County Route 1 | - | Perth Amboy Turnpike | | Perth Amboy - Metuchen - Piscataway | New Brunswick Avenue , County Route 501 | - | Pittstown and Barnsboro Turnpike | | | | - | Pittstown and Bridgeton Turnpike | | | | - | Pleasantville and Atlantic Turnpike or Plank Road | | Pleasantville - Atlantic City | Old Turnpike , Turnpike Road | - | Pochuck Turnpike | | Hamburg - Glenwood - New York | Route 94 , County Route 517 | - | Pompton and Paterson Turnpike | | | | - | Port Elizabeth Turnpike | | | | - | Port Elizabeth and Millville Turnpike | | Port Elizabeth - Millville | Route 47 | - | Port Monmouth and Middletown Plank Road | | Port Monmouth - New Monmouth - Middletown | | - | Princeton and Kingston Branch Turnpike | | Trenton - Princeton - Kingston | County Route 583 , Route 27 | - | Princeton and West Windsor Plank or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Ramapo and Weehawken Plank Road | | | | - | Raritan and Delaware Plank Road | | | | - | Red Bank and Eatontown Turnpike | | | Broad Street , County Route 11 , Route 35 | - | Red Bank and Holmdel Turnpike | | | | - | Red Bank and Tinton Falls Turnpike | | | | - | Red Bank and Woodbury Turnpike or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Ringwood and Long Pond Turnpike | | Ringwood - Greenwood Lake - New York | County Route 511 , Warwick Turnpike | - | Robertsville and Patton 's Corner Turnpike | | | County Route 3 | - | Salem and Woodstown Turnpike | | | | - | Schooley 's Mountain Turnpike | | | | - | Sea Isle City Turnpike | | | | - | Shiloh Turnpike | | | | - | Shrewsbury Plank Road | | | | - | Shrewsbury Turnpike | | Red Bank - Shrewsbury - Eatontown | Route 35 | - | Smithville and Blue Ball Turnpike | | | County Route 524 | - | Smithville and Clarksburgh Turnpike | | | County Route 524 | - | South River and Freehold Plank Road | | | | - | Spotswood and Matchaponix Turnpike | | | | - | Spotswood and Old Bridge Turnpike | | | | - | Springfield and Newark Turnpike | | Springfield - Irvington - Newark | Route 124 , Springfield Avenue | - | Spruce Run Turnpike | | Clinton - Hampton - Washington - Oxford | Route 31 | - | Squankum and Point Pleasant | | | | - | Stockton and Newton Turnpike | | | | - | Sweetman 's Lane Turnpike | | | | - | Texas Mills and Spotswood Turnpike | | | | - | Tinton Falls Turnpike | | Colts Neck - Tinton Falls - Eatontown | County Route 537 | - | Toms River and Forked River Turnpike | | - | Trenton and Allentown Turnpike | | Trenton - Mercerville - Hamilton Square - Robbinsville - Allentown | NJ 33 , CR 526 | - | Trenton and Ewing Turnpike | | | | - | Trenton and New Brunswick Turnpike | | Trenton - New Brunswick | U.S. Route 1 , Route 26 | - | Union Turnpike | | Morristown - Morris Plains - Dover - Sparta - Branchville - Culver 's Gap - Montague - Pennsylvania | U.S. Route 202 , Mountain Way , Route 10 , Salem Street , Route 15 , Route 181 , Route 15 , U.S. Route 206 | - | Union Turnpike | North Bergen , NJ - connecting - Bergen Turnpike - Paterson Plank Road | | Union Turnpike | - | Upper Freehold and Millstone Turnpike | | | | - | Upper Pittsgrove and Pittsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Vernon Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Vernon and Newton Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Vincentown and Mount Holly Turnpike | | | | - | Vincentown and Tabernacle Turnpike | | Vincentown - Tabernacle | | - | Washington Turnpike | | Morristown - Mendham - Chester - Schooley 's Mountain - Washington - Phillipsburg - Pennsylvania ; Schooley 's Mountain - Hackettstown | County Route 510 , County Route 513 , County Route 517 , Pleasant Grove Road , Penwell Road , Route 57 ; County Route 517 | - | Washington and Cranbury Turnpike | | | | - | Water Gap Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Weehawken Turnpike | | | | - | Westfield and Camden Turnpike | | Camden - Burlington | Westfield Avenue , U.S. Route 130 | - | West Hoboken Roadway | | | | - | Westville and Glassborough Turnpike | | | | - | White Horse Turnpike | | Camden - Stratford | U.S. Route 30 | - | Williamstown and Camden Road | | | | - | Williamstown and Good Intent Turnpike | | | | - | Winslow Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbridge Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Woodbridge - Rahway ; Woodbridge - Carteret - New York -LRB- Richmond Turnpike via ferry -RRB- | County Route 514 ; Port Reading Avenue | - | Woodbridge and Blazing Star Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbury and Camden Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbury and Cross Keys Turnpike | | Woodbury - Cross Keys | Egg Harbor Road | - | Woodmancy and Barnegat Turnpike | | | | - | Woodstown and Pennsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Zinc Mines Plank Road | | | | -RCB- ", "The Palisades Cemetery is located on the cuesta , or descending ridge of the Palisades in North Bergen , New Jersey . Its main entrance on Bergen Turnpike and Union Turnpike . It is adjacent to the Weehawken Cemetery and is one of a several on the westen slope of North Hudson County . ", "Oxford Turnpike may refer to : Oxford Turnpike -LRB- Connecticut -RRB- Oxford Turnpike -LRB- New York -RRB- ", "The Fort Lee lane closure scandal , also known as the George Washington Bridge lane closure scandal or Bridgegate , is a U.S. political scandal in which a staff member and political appointees of New Jersey Governor Chris Christie -LRB- R -RRB- colluded to create traffic jams in Fort Lee , New Jersey , by closing lanes at the main toll plaza for the upper level of the George Washington Bridge . The problems began on Monday , September 9 , 2013 , when two of three toll lanes for a local street entrance were closed during morning rush hour . Local officials , emergency services , and the public were not notified of the lane closures , which Fort Lee declared a threat to public safety . The resulting back-ups and gridlock on local streets ended only when the two lanes were reopened on Friday , September 13 , 2013 , by an order from Port Authority Executive Director Patrick Foye . He said that the `` hasty and ill-informed decision '' could have endangered lives and violated federal and state laws . It was later suggested that the lanes had been closed to intentionally cause the massive traffic problem for political reasons , and especially theorized that they were a retribution attack against Fort Lee 's Mayor Mark Sokolich , a Democrat who did not support Christie as a candidate in the 2013 New Jersey gubernatorial election . The ensuing investigations centered on several of Christie 's appointees and staff , including David Wildstein , who ordered the lanes closed , and Bill Baroni , who had told the New Jersey Assembly Transportation Committee that the closures were for a traffic study . The United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey Paul J. Fishman launched a massive federal investigation , resulting in a sweeping nine-count indictment against Bridget Anne Kelly , the deputy chief of staff , Baroni and Wildstein . Wildstein entered a guilty plea , and testified against Baroni and Kelly , who were found guilty on all counts in November 2016 . David Samson pleaded guilty to one felony count of conspiracy in July 2016 , for acts unrelated to the lane closures but unearthed by the federal Bridgegate investigation . Governor Chris Christie 's political standing was badly damaged by the scandal . Once considered a leading contender for the 2016 Republican nomination for President , Christie dropped out of the presidential race after a poor showing in the New Hampshire primary . The scandal was widely cited as a major factor in the early demise of Christie 's 2016 presidential ambitions . Christie called Bridgegate `` a factor '' in why he was bypassed by Donald Trump as the vice presidential nominee . In September 2016 , both the prosecution and the defense in the trial of two of Christie 's former aides argued that Christie knew of his close associates ' involvement in a plan to shut down lanes leading to the George Washington Bridge as it was happening , and that the closings were to punish Sokolich for declining to support Christie 's reelection bid . This was the first time Christie had been officially accused of contemporaneous knowledge of the plot . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Haute-Corse", "Gritulu", "Corsica", "Lavatoggio", "Altiani" ]

[ "Haute-Corse -LRB- -LSB- ot.kɔʁs -RSB- ; Corsica suprana -RRB- -LRB- Upper Corsica -RRB- is a department of France consisting of the northern part of the island of Corsica . ", "Gritulu is an archaeological site in Corsica . It is located in the commune of Luri , Haute-Corse . Category : Archaeological sites in Corsica ", "Corsica -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɔrsɪkə -RSB- Corse -LSB- kɔʁs -RSB- Corsican and Italian : Corsica -LSB- ˈkɔrsika -RSB- -RRB- is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 13 regions of France . It is located west of the Italian Peninsula , southeast of the French mainland , and north of the Italian island of Sardinia . A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island . While being part of France , Corsica is also designated as a territorial collectivity -LRB- collectivité territoriale -RRB- by law . As a territorial collectivity , Corsica enjoys a greater degree of autonomy than other French regions ; for example , the Corsican Assembly is able to exercise limited executive powers . The island formed a single department until it was split in 1975 into two departments : Haute-Corse -LRB- Upper Corsica -RRB- and Corse-du-Sud -LRB- Southern Corsica -RRB- , with its regional capital in Ajaccio , the prefecture city of Corse-du-Sud . Bastia , the prefecture city of Haute-Corse , is the second-largest settlement in Corsica . After being ruled by the Republic of Genoa since 1284 , Corsica was briefly an independent Corsican Republic from 1755 until it was conquered by France in 1769 . Due to Corsica 's historical ties with the Italian peninsula , the island retains to this day many elements of the culture of Italy . The native Corsican language , whose northern variant is closely related to the Italian language , is recognised as a regional language by the French government . This Mediterranean island was ruled by various nations over the course of history but had several brief periods of independence . Napoleon was born in 1769 in the Corsican capital of Ajaccio . His ancestral home , Maison Bonaparte , is today used as a museum . ", "Lavatoggio is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica . ", "Altiani is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Story_of_My_Life_-LRB-One_Direction_song-RRB-", "Standin'_on_the_Corner_Park", "Out_of_My_Mind_-LRB-Draper_novel-RRB-", "Don't_Be_Scared", "All_My_Life_-LRB-K-Ci_&_JoJo_song-RRB-" ]

[ "`` Story of My Life '' is a song recorded by English Irish boy band One Direction . It was released on 6 November 2013 by Syco Music and Columbia Records as the second single from the group 's third studio album , Midnight Memories -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Written by band members Niall Horan , Zayn Malik , Harry Styles , Liam Payne and Louis Tomlinson , along with Julian Bunetta , Jamie Scott , and John Ryan , the lyrics speak of a tumultuous relationship leading to lament and heartbreak . ", "Standin ' on the Corner Park -LRB- opened 1999 in Winslow , Arizona -RRB- is a public park , commemorating the song `` Take It Easy '' , written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey , and , most famously , recorded by the Eagles . The song includes the verse `` Well , I 'm a standing on a corner in Winslow , Arizona and such a fine sight to see . It 's a girl , my Lord , in a flatbed Ford slowin ' down to take a look at me '' . The park contains a two-story trompe-l'œil mural by John Pugh , and a bronze statue of a life-sized man with a guitar from the Eagles song `` Take it Easy '' by Ron Adamson , standing on a corner with a guitar . The park is surrounded by a wall of bricks , each with a donor 's name on it , and a story by each of the donors describing their fondness for Winslow . ", "Out of My Mind is a novel by Sharon M. Draper , a New York Times bestselling author . The cover illustration of the fifth edition is by Daniel Chang , and the cover photography is by Cyril Bruneau/Jupiter Images . A reading group guide is enclosed . The book is recommended for ages 10 and up and for grades 5-8 . The story was written in first person , featuring Melody Brooks , a girl with cerebral palsy . ", "Do n't Be Scared is singer-songwriter Daniel Johnston 's second self-released album , recorded and released in 1982 . It was re-released on cassette in 1986 by Stress Records , a label run by Johnston 's friend and manager Jeff Tartakov , on mp3 by emusic.com in 2000 and on CDR by Eternal Yip Eye Music in 2004 . `` I Had Lost My Mind '' features prominently in the 2006 documentary feature on Johnston 's life The Devil and Daniel Johnston . The song was accompanied in the film by animation created from cels drawn by Johnston in a book that he had intended to submit to a local competition . `` The Story of an Artist '' was notably covered by M. Ward . ", "`` All My Life '' is a song recorded by American R&B duo K-Ci & JoJo . The track was produced and written by Joel `` JoJo '' Hailey and Rory Bennett for K-Ci & JoJo 's debut studio album , Love Always -LRB- 1997 -RRB- . It samples Paul Anka 's 1983 hit , `` Hold Me 'Til the Mornin ' Comes '' . The song was released physically as airplay on December 1997 and January 6 , 1998 as the third single from the album through MCA Records . `` All My Life '' is an R&B , and soul song . Music critics have claimed this as the duo 's most successful song of their career . `` All My Life '' was a commercial success , and topped the Billboard Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks . It was certified platinum in the US , and was the duo 's longest-running number-one single of their career . `` All My Life '' performed well internationally , reaching top ten in many countries , including Australia , Belgium , Netherlands , New Zealand , Norway , Sweden , Switzerland , as well as the United Kingdom and achieving platinum status in Australia and gold status in Sweden . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Syco", "Simon_Cowell", "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Little_Mix", "The_X_Factor_-LRB-UK_TV_series-RRB-", "Got_Talent" ]

[ "Syco Entertainment , often known simply as Syco , is a British entertainment company established by British entertainment mogul Simon Cowell . The company operates a record label , talent agency , film , music , and television production company , as well as a music publishing house . It operates a global joint venture between Cowell and Sony Music Entertainment focused on the production and marketing of music , television , film and digital content . It employs a staff of more than 50 in offices in London and Los Angeles , and manages a string of high-profile television and music brands through partnerships with the label Sony Music and the television production company , FremantleMedia . Syco was initially owned by Simon Cowell , then sold to Sony . But in 2010 , a new company was formed as a 50/50 partnership between Cowell and Sony , keeping the pre-existing name Syco but titled as Syco Entertainment . In 2015 , it was announced that the Syco Entertainment joint venture would be extended for a further 6 years . Retail billionaire Sir Philip Green , a close friend of Cowell , serves as an advisor to the company . Karren Brady , television personality and vice-chairman of West Ham United F.C. , also serves as an advisor to the company . Syco has three main divisions - Syco Music , Syco TV and Syco Film . Syco Music releases recordings from its roster of artists , mostly from Cowell 's television shows , such as One Direction , Little Mix , Leona Lewis , Susan Boyle , Emblem3 , and Fifth Harmony , and others such as Il Divo . Syco TV is responsible for The X Factor and the Got Talent television franchise , which have been produced in 41 and 52 countries respectively , as well as other television projects . Syco Film is involved in the production of films such as One Direction : This Is Us . Syco is also involved in the production of the musical I Ca n't Sing ! The X Factor Musical . ", "Simon Phillip Cowell -LRB- -LSB- ˈkaʊəl -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- born 7 October 1959 -RRB- is an English reality television judge and producer , entrepreneur , and philanthropist . He is most recognised as a judge on the British TV talent competition series Pop Idol , The X Factor , and Britain 's Got Talent , and the American TV talent competition shows American Idol , The X Factor , and America 's Got Talent . Cowell is the principal founder and chief executive of the British entertainment company Syco . As a judge , Cowell often makes blunt and controversial comments , including insults and wisecracks about contestants and their singing abilities . He combines activities in both the television and music industries . Cowell has produced and promoted singles and albums for various singers that he has taken under his wing . He is currently appearing on the eleventh Series of Britain 's Got Talent and , recently , the thirteenth series of UK 's The X Factor along with the eleventh series of America 's Got Talent . In 2004 and 2010 , Time named Cowell one of the 100 most influential people in the world . In 2008 The Daily Telegraph ranked him sixth in their list of the `` 100 most powerful people in British culture '' . ", "Little Mix is a British four-piece girl group formed in 2011 , consisting of members Perrie Edwards , Jesy Nelson , Leigh-Anne Pinnock and Jade Thirlwall . They were formed exclusively for the eighth series of The X Factor in 2011 and became the first group to win the competition . Following their victory , they signed with Simon Cowell 's record label Syco Records and released a cover of Damien Rice 's `` Cannonball '' as their winner 's single . During their career , Little Mix have won several awards , including two MTV Europe Music Award , one Brit Award , two Teen Choice Award and two Glamour Awards . They have also been nominated for five Brit Awards , eight Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Awards , and one MTV Video Music Awards Japan ", "The X Factor is a British reality television music competition to find new singing talent . The contestants are aspiring singers drawn from public auditions . Created by Simon Cowell , the show began in 2004 and has since aired annually from August/September until December . The show is produced by FremantleMedia 's Thames -LRB- previously Talkback Thames -RRB- and Cowell 's production company Syco TV . It is broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and simulcast on TV3 in Ireland . `` X Factor '' refers to the undefinable `` something '' that makes for star quality . The series consists of auditions , bootcamp , judges ' houses , several weeks of live shows , semi-finals and the final . The series had a spin-off behind-the-scenes show called The Xtra Factor , which aired directly after the main show on ITV2 . This lasted from series 1 until series 13 when it was cancelled by ITV in January 2017 . The original judging panel consisted of Louis Walsh , Sharon Osbourne and Cowell . In 2005 Paula Abdul joined the show as a guest judge whilst Osbourne was away then joined the panel in 2006 for three sets of auditions . Brian Friedman replaced Walsh in series 4 , which also saw Dannii Minogue join the panel . Friedman left during the auditions and Walsh replaced Friedman . Cheryl Cole replaced Osbourne in series 5 . Gary Barlow , Kelly Rowland and Tulisa joined the panel in series 8 as replacements for Cowell , Minogue , and Cole . Rowland left before series 9 and was replaced by Nicole Scherzinger . Osbourne returned to the panel in series 10 , replacing Tulisa . Cowell and Cole -LRB- now Fernandez-Versini -RRB- returned to replace Barlow and Osbourne in series 11 , while Mel B replaced Scherzinger . In series 12 , Mel B and Walsh were replaced by Rita Ora and Nick Grimshaw . In series 13 , Walsh , Osbourne and Scherzinger returned , replacing Grimshaw , Fernandez-Versini and Ora . The first three series were presented by Kate Thornton , then from the fourth to 11th series , the show was presented by Dermot O'Leary , he then returned from the 13th series . In series 12 , the show was presented by Caroline Flack and Olly Murs . Also , in series 10 , Flack served as a backstage presenter during the Saturday night live shows . Roman Kemp will begin serving as the digital presenter of the show in series 13 . The show is split into different stages , following the contestants from auditions through to the final . In the original televised audition stage of the show , contestants sang in an audition room in front of just the judges , but from the sixth series onwards , auditionees sing on a stage in front of the judges and a live audience . In series 10 and 11 , both auditions formats were used . In series 12 , the room auditions were scrapped , leaving just the arena auditions . The room auditions were revived in series 13 , and no arena auditions followed . Successful auditionees go through to `` bootcamp '' and then to `` judges ' houses '' , where judges narrow down the acts in their category down to three or four acts to mentor for the live shows , where the public vote for their favourite acts following weekly live performances by the contestants . There have been 13 winners of the show to date : Steve Brookstein , Shayne Ward , Leona Lewis , Leon Jackson , Alexandra Burke , Joe McElderry , Matt Cardle , Little Mix , James Arthur , Sam Bailey , Ben Haenow , Louisa Johnson and Matt Terry . Winners receive a recording contract with record label Syco Music with a stated value of # 1 million . This includes a cash payment to the winner , but the majority is allocated to marketing and recording costs . From 2004 to 2010 , and again in 2013 and 2014 , the winning contestant 's single was released in time for the end-of-year chart battle for the UK 's Christmas number one , with all of them -LRB- bar McElderry in 2009 and Terry in 2016 -RRB- reaching the top spot . As of November 2016 , 41 number-one singles have been achieved by artists who have appeared on the show , such as Lewis , Burke , JLS , Olly Murs , Cher Lloyd , One Direction and Little Mix . The show is the originator of the international The X Factor franchise . A prominent show in British popular culture , The X Factor has proved hugely popular with the public . The sixth series attracted 200,000 auditionees and peaked at 19.7 million UK viewers -LRB- a 63.2 % audience share -RRB- . More than 10 million votes were cast in the sixth series final . ", "Got Talent is a British talent show television format conceived and owned by Simon Cowell 's SYCOtv company . A pilot was made in the United Kingdom in 2005 , hosted by Paul O'Grady , but after O'Grady 's split with ITV , the series was postponed , resulting in NBC 's America 's Got Talent -- the first full series of the format . It has spawned spin-offs in over 58 countries -LRB- as of April 2014 -RRB- , in what is now referred to as the ` Got Talent ' format , similar to that described by FremantleMedia of the Idol and The X Factor formats . Unlike those shows , Got Talent showcases several artistic disciplines in addition to singing . In April 2014 , the format was named the world 's most successful reality TV format ever by the Guinness World Records . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 1, 0 ]

[ "Washington_Monument", "Nate_McLouth", "Colonial_Creek_Falls", "Washington_Bridge_-LRB-Washington,_Missouri-RRB-", "S._H._Barnicoat_Monuments" ]

[ "The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington , D.C. , built to commemorate George Washington , once commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and the first President of the United States . Located almost due east of the Reflecting Pool and the Lincoln Memorial , the monument , made of marble , granite , and bluestone gneiss , is both the world 's tallest stone structure and the world 's tallest obelisk , standing 554 ft tall according to the National Geodetic Survey -LRB- measured 2013 -- 14 -RRB- or 555 ft tall according to the National Park Service -LRB- measured 1884 -RRB- . It is the tallest monumental column in the world if all are measured above their pedestrian entrances . Construction of the monument began in 1848 , and was halted from 1854 to 1877 due to a lack of funds , a struggle for control over the Washington National Monument Society , and the intervention of the American Civil War . Although the stone structure was completed in 1884 , internal ironwork , the knoll , and other finishing touches were not completed until 1888 . A difference in shading of the marble , visible approximately 150 ft or 27 % up , shows where construction was halted and later resumed with marble from a different source . The original design was by Robert Mills , but he did not include his proposed colonnade due to a lack of funds , proceeding only with a bare obelisk . Despite many proposals to embellish the obelisk , only its original flat top was altered to a pointed marble pyramidion , in 1884 . The cornerstone was laid on July 4 , 1848 ; the first stone was laid atop the unfinished stump on ; the capstone was set on ; the completed monument was dedicated on ; and officially opened . Upon completion , it became the world 's tallest structure , a title previously held by the Cologne Cathedral . The monument held this designation until 1889 , when the Eiffel Tower was completed in Paris , France . The monument was damaged during the 2011 Virginia earthquake and Hurricane Irene in the same year and remained closed to the public while the structure was assessed and repaired . After 32 months of repairs , the National Park Service and the Trust for the National Mall reopened the Washington Monument to visitors on . As of September 2016 , the monument has been closed indefinitely due to reliability issues with the current elevator system . On December 2 , 2016 , the National Park Service announced that the monument would be closed until 2019 in order to modernize the elevator . The $ 2 to 3 million project will correct the elevator 's ongoing mechanical , electrical and computer issues , which have shuttered the monument since August 17 . The National Park Service has also requested funding in its FY 2017 President 's Budget Request to construct a permanent screening facility for the Washington Monument . The Washington Monument is expected to re-open to visitors in 2019 . ", "Nathan `` Nate '' Richard McLouth -LRB- born October 28 , 1981 -RRB- is an American former professional baseball outfielder . He has played in Major League Baseball -LRB- MLB -RRB- for the Atlanta Braves , Pittsburgh Pirates , Baltimore Orioles and Washington Nationals . Primarily a center fielder , McLouth bats from the left side and throws from the right . He is 5 ft tall and weighs 185 lb . ", "Colonial Creek Falls is the tallest waterfall in the continental United States . It is 2,568 ft tall . The falls traverse a total of over 4,200 ft in 13 distinct drops with an average incline of 65 degrees . ", "The Washington Bridge is a cantilever truss bridge over the Missouri River at Washington , Missouri over which Route 47 passes between Franklin County , Missouri and Warren County , Missouri . It has also been known as the Route 47 Missouri River Bridge . The bridge was built in 1934 . Its main span is 474.6 ft and it has a total length of 2561.3 ft and a deck width of 22 ft. Its vertical clearance is 14.6 ft. The bridge carries one lane of automobile traffic in each direction . ", "S. H. Barnicoat Monuments , S. H. Barnicoat Granite Works , or , more recently , Hancock Monument Co. was a granite workshop at 114 Columbia Street , at the corner of Centre Street , in Quincy , Massachusetts . It was housed in a rare surviving 19th-century granite workshop building dating to the 1890s , and was , at the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 , one of the only 19th-century granite workshops operating in the city . Its main feature was a derrick more than 90 ft tall that was used to move granite around the property . The workshop has since been demolished and replaced by a Valvoline lubrication garage and Dunkin Donuts . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "DodgeBall-COLON-_A_True_Underdog_Story", "Vince_Vaughn", "Accidental_Friendship", "Kursk_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Mrs_Henderson_Presents" ]

[ "DodgeBall : A True Underdog Story is a 2004 American sports comedy film written and directed by Rawson Marshall Thurber and starring Vince Vaughn and Ben Stiller . The film follows friends who enter a dodgeball tournament in order to win enough money to save their failing gym from being bought by a corporate fitness chain . DodgeBall received generally positive reviews , including a 70 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , and grossed $ 167 million worldwide . ", "Vincent Anthony Vaughn -LRB- born March 28 , 1970 -RRB- is an American actor , producer , screenwriter , activist , and comedian . Vaughn began acting in the late 1980s , appearing in minor television roles before attaining wider recognition with the 1996 comedy-drama film Swingers . He has appeared in a number of films in the 1990s , including the sports film Rudy -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , the sci-fi adventure dinosaur film The Lost World : Jurassic Park -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , and the drama-thriller Return to Paradise -LRB- 1998 -RRB- . In the 2000s , he acted in several comedies , including Old School -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , Dodgeball : A True Underdog Story -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Wedding Crashers -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , The Break-Up -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , and Fred Claus -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . He continued his comedic roles in the 2010s with The Dilemma -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Watch -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and The Internship -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . In 2015 , he starred as Frank Semyon in the second season of the HBO anthology crime drama television series True Detective alongside Colin Farrell , Taylor Kitsch and Rachel McAdams . ", "Accidental Friendship is a 2008 Hallmark Channel original film directed by Don McBrearty , and written by Anna Sandor based on a true story . It stars Chandra Wilson and Ben Vereen . ", "Kursk is an upcoming English-language French-Belgian drama film directed by Thomas Vinterberg based on Robert Moore 's book A Time to Die , about the true story of the 2000 Kursk submarine disaster . It stars Matthias Schoenaerts , Colin Firth , Léa Seydoux , Peter Simonischek , Max Von Sydow and Michael Nyqvist . ", "Mrs Henderson Presents is a 2005 British biographical film written by American playwright Martin Sherman and directed by Stephen Frears . It stars Judi Dench , Bob Hoskins , Kelly Reilly , and Pop Idol winner Will Young in his acting debut . The film tells the true story of Laura Henderson , an eccentric British socialite who invested her money to create the Windmill Theatre in London during World War II . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Biological_therapy_for_inflammatory_bowel_disease", "Boghos_Yousefian", "Abbas_-LRB-name-RRB-", "Abu_Osama_al-Masri", "Muhsin_ibn_Ali" ]

[ "Biological therapy refers to the use of medication that is tailored to specifically target an immune or genetic mediator of disease . Even for diseases of unknown cause , molecules that are involved in the disease process have been identified , and can be targeted for biological therapy ; many of these molecules , which are mainly cytokines , are directly involved in the immune system . Biological therapy has found a niche in the management of cancer , autoimmune diseases , and diseases of unknown cause that result in symptoms due to immune related mechanisms . Inflammatory bowel disease , or IBD , is a collection of systemic diseases involving inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract . IBD includes two -LRB- or three -RRB- diseases of unknown causation : ulcerative colitis , which affects only the large bowel ; Crohn 's disease , which can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract ; and , indeterminate colitis , which consists of large bowel inflammation that shows elements of both Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis . Although the causes of these diseases are unknown , genetic , environmental , immune and other mechanisms have been proposed . Of these , the immune system plays a large role in the development of symptoms . Given this , a variety of biological therapies have been developed for the treatment of these diseases . These have changed the way physicians treat Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis . ", "Boghos Bey Yusufian -LRB- 1775 - 1844 -RRB- was Egypt 's Minister of Commerce , Minister of Foreign Affairs , and secretary of Muhammad Ali Pasha . ", "Abbas -LRB- Abbass , عباس means `` lion '' in Arabic The name traces back to Al - ` Abbas ibn ` Abd al-Muttalib -LRB- an uncle of Muhammad -RRB- and Abbas ibn Ali , a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib , who participated in the battle of Karbala alongside his half-brother Hussain ibn Ali . Abbas ibn Ali is revered by Shia Muslims , some of whom are named Abbas in remembrance and tribute to him . There is an Arabian tribe of the same name , the Banu Abbas . In Arabic language it literally means `` grouchy face '' or `` frown '' referring to a Mean-spirited or a Stern person mainly male . ", "Muhammad Ahmad ' Ali al-Isawi , known as Abu Osama al-Masri is an Egyptian scholar and leader of the Islamic State branch in the Sinai Peninsula , known as Wilayat Sinai . ", "Muhsin ibn Ali -LRB- Arabic : محسن بن علي -RRB- , was a son of Fatima Al Zahra -LRB- the daughter of Muhammad -RRB- and Ali . Academic writers disagree on whether he was a still-born infant or died in a very young age after birth . In Shi'a belief , he was the unborn child of Fatimah miscarried after she was crushed behind a door during the events of Umar at Fatimah 's house , when Umar and Abu Bakr attacked Fatima and Ali 's house in order to force Ali into submission . Sunnis , however disagree and insist that Muhsin ibn Ali died in his infancy of natural causes . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Kenny_Chesney", "Totally_Country_Vol._6", "Crazy_-LRB-Kenny_Rogers_song-RRB-", "Billy_Kenny_-LRB-footballer,_born_1973-RRB-", "Mike_Hamilton_-LRB-guitarist-RRB-" ]

[ "Kenneth Arnold `` Kenny '' Chesney -LRB- born March 26 , 1968 -RRB- is an American country music singer , songwriter and record producer . He has recorded 20 albums , 14 of which have been certified Gold or higher by the RIAA . He has also produced more than 40 top 10 singles on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts , 29 of which have reached number one on the charts . Most of these have also charted high within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 chart , making him one of the few successful crossover country artists . He has sold over 30 million albums worldwide . Chesney co-directed and produced a film for ESPN entitled The Boys of Fall . He has received six Academy of Country Music awards -LRB- including four consecutive Entertainer of the Year awards from 2005 to 2008 -RRB- , as well as six awards from the Country Music Association . He is one of the most popular touring acts in country music , regularly selling out the venues in which he performs . His 2007 Flip-Flop Summer Tour was the highest-grossing country road trip of the year . The Country Music Association honored Chesney with the Entertainer of the Year award in 2004 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2008 . Other notable awards he received include the Academy of Country Music 's 1997 New Male Vocalist of the Year , 2002 Top Male Vocalist of the Year , and the Triple Crown Award in 2005 . He was awarded his fourth consecutive Entertainer of the Year award from the Academy of Country Music on May 18 , 2008 . ", "Totally Country Vol . 6 is an album in the Totally Hits series . Much like previous volumes in the Totally Country series , this sixth volume contained recent country hits -LRB- roughly , the latter half of 2005 to summer 2006 -RRB- by the genre 's biggest stars of the time , including Brad Paisley , Kenny Chesney , Lonestar , Montgomery Gentry , George Strait and Blake Shelton , and newcomers such as Sugarland and Carrie Underwood . Five of the tracks reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart during 2006 . To date , Volume 6 is the last volume to be released in the Totally Country series . In 2008 , various hits compilations of recent country hits began to be issued in the Now ! That 's What I Call Music series . ", "`` Crazy '' is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Rogers . It was released in December 1984 as the second and last single from the album What About Me ? , following the title song . The song was Kenny Rogers ' eleventh number one country single as a solo artist . The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart . Rogers co-wrote the track with Richard Marx . This song is different from the remake version of Crazy by Willie Nelson . ", "William Aidan `` Billy '' Kenny -LRB- born 19 September 1973 -RRB- is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Everton and Oldham Athletic , making a total of 21 appearances in the Football League . Kenny retired from professional football at the age of just 21 . Kenny is the son of former Everton midfielder Billy Kenny , Sr. . . ", "Mike Hamilton -LRB- sometimes listed as Michael Hamilton -RRB- is an American guitarist , singer and songwriter . Hamilton has performed , toured and/or recorded with Bette Midler , Sting , Jay Ferguson , Jennifer Warnes , Peter Kater , Jack Tempchin , Max Bennett , Pure Prairie League , Kenny Loggins and many other music artists . Some of his original songs and compositions can be found on the following album/CDs and cassettes : Songs And Sounds The Same , Mike Hamilton - Mementos 1971 - 1987 , Pure Prairie League - Anthology , Mike Hamilton - Wind Of The East , Peter Kater - Best Of Laguna Vol .1 , Coastal Soul Music . His guitar playing and singing can be heard and seen on the VHS , Laser Disc and DVD Release of Alive , Kenny Loggins and the VHS Release of Art Or Bust , Bette Midler . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 2 ]

[ "The_Jester_-LRB-novel-RRB-", "Scaramouche", "1922_Australasian_Championships_–_Men's_Singles", "Marius_de_Romanus", "Second_Ending" ]

[ "The Jester is a novel by James Patterson -LRB- with Andrew Gross -RRB- . ", "Scaramuccia -LRB- literally `` little skirmisher '' -RRB- , also known as Scaramouche or Scaramouch , is a stock clown character of the Italian commedia dell ` arte . The role combined characteristics of the zanni -LRB- servant -RRB- and the Capitano -LRB- masked henchman -RRB- . Usually attired in black Spanish dress and burlesquing a don , he was often beaten by Harlequin for his boasting and cowardice . ", "James Anderson defeated Gerald Patterson 6 -- 0 , 3 -- 6 , 3 -- 6 , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 2 in the final to win the Men 's Singles tennis title at the 1922 Australasian Championships . ", "Marius de Romanus is a fictional character in The Vampire Chronicles novels written by Anne Rice . He is the primary character in the novel Blood and Gold . ", "Second Ending is a science fiction novel by northern Irish writer James White , published in 1961 . Short listed for the Hugo Award , it tells the story of the only human survivor on Earth after a series of nuclear wars , accompanied by a group of robot and androids . Category :1961 British novels Category : British science fiction novels Category : Novels by James White Category : Ace Books books Category : British novellas " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Office_-LRB-U.S._TV_series-RRB-", "Down_East_Dickering", "The_Twilight_Zone_-LRB-1985_TV_series-RRB-", "Hesitant_Alien", "Cotton_States_League" ]

[ "The Office is an American television comedy series that aired on NBC from March 24 , 2005 to May 16 , 2013 . It is an adaptation of the BBC series of the same name . The Office was adapted for American audiences by Greg Daniels , a veteran writer for Saturday Night Live , King of the Hill , and The Simpsons . It is co-produced by Daniels ' Deedle-Dee Productions , and Reveille Productions -LRB- later Shine America -RRB- , in association with Universal Television . The original executive producers were Greg Daniels , Howard Klein , Ben Silverman , Ricky Gervais , and Stephen Merchant , with numerous others being promoted in later seasons . The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania , branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . To simulate the look of an actual documentary , it is filmed in a single-camera setup , without a studio audience or a laugh track . The show debuted on NBC as a mid-season replacement and ran for nine seasons and 201 episodes . The Office initially featured Steve Carell , Rainn Wilson , John Krasinski , Jenna Fischer and B. J. Novak as the main cast ; the show experienced numerous changes to its ensemble cast during its run . The first season of The Office was met with mixed reviews , but the following four seasons received widespread acclaim from television critics . These seasons were included on several critics ' year-end top TV series lists , winning several awards including four Primetime Emmy Awards , including Outstanding Comedy Series in 2006 . While later seasons were criticized for a decline in quality , earlier writers oversaw the final season and ended the show 's run with a positive reception . ", "Down East Dickering is an American reality television series on the History Channel . The show , made by A&E Networks and filmed entirely in Maine , premiered in 2014 and ran for two seasons . ", "The Twilight Zone -LRB- 1985 -RRB- is the first of two revivals of Rod Serling 's acclaimed 1959 -- 64 television series of the same name . It ran for two seasons on CBS before producing a final season for syndication . ", "Hesitant Alien is the debut studio album by Gerard Way , former lead singer of the American rock band My Chemical Romance , released in the US on September 29 , 2014 and on September 30 worldwide . It was officially announced in May 2014 , although demos of the songs `` Zero Zero '' and `` Millions '' have circulated since 2012 . The album was produced by Doug McKean , known for his work as recording engineer on a number of projects with producer Rob Cavallo , including several releases by My Chemical Romance . Hesitant Alien received mostly positive reviews , and was a moderate commercial success reaching No. 16 on the US Billboard 200 and some international charts . To support the album , Way assembled a touring band made up of select musicians who contributed to the album and were called `` The Hormones '' . ", "The Cotton States League name was used five times in baseball history . The first Cotton States League ran from 1902 through 1908 as a class D league . After the league shut down , another Cotton States League was reformulated in 1910 , with three of the six '08 members returning for the new campaign and three new teams joining them . This league ran for four seasons , through 1913 . In 1922 , the Cotton States League regrouped after nine years out of existence . This time , despite disbanding July 24 , 1923 and resuming the next year , the league held itself together for 11 seasons before folding for good on July 13 , 1932 . The next revival of the CSL took place in 1936 and lasted six seasons before collapsing , before many other minor leagues did when World War II began . This time , it operated as a class C circuit . The league was reestablished in 1947 . Again placed as a class C league , the Cotton States League survived through 1955 before folding for the fifth time in less than half a century . In 1953 the Cotton States League tried to evict the Hot Springs Bathers for attempting to include a black player , Jim Tugerson . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Jenny_McCarthy", "Dan_McCarthy", "Terry_McCarthy", "Maggie_Cogan", "Lori_Baratta" ]

[ "Jennifer Ann McCarthy -LRB- born November 1 , 1972 -RRB- , credited as Jenny McCarthy and Jenny Wahlberg , is an American actress , model , television host , author , screenwriter , and anti-vaccine activist . She began her career in 1993 as a nude model for Playboy magazine and was later named their Playmate of the Year . McCarthy then parlayed her Playboy fame into a television and film acting career starting as a co-host on the MTV game show Singled Out , then some eponymous sitcoms , as well as films such as BASEketball , Diamonds , Scream 3 , and Santa Baby . She is a former co-host of the ABC talk show The View . McCarthy has written books about parenting and has become an activist promoting research into environmental causes and alternative medical treatments for autism . She has promoted the idea that vaccines cause autism and that chelation therapy helped cure her son of autism . Both claims are unsupported by medical consensus , and her son 's autism diagnosis has been questioned . McCarthy has been described as `` the nation 's most prominent purveyor of anti-vaxxer ideology '' , but she has denied the charge , stating : `` I am not anti-vaccine '' . ", "Dan McCarthy may refer to : Dan McCarthy -LRB- vibraphonist -RRB- , Canadian jazz vibraphone player Daniel McCarthy -LRB- politician -RRB- -LRB- died 1957 -RRB- , Irish politician Dan McCarthy -LRB- ice hockey -RRB- -LRB- born 1958 -RRB- , Canadian hockey player Dan McCarthy -LRB- JAG -RRB- , captain in the United States Navy Daniel McCarthy -LRB- producer -RRB- -LRB- died 2013 -RRB- , Canadian television producer Daniel M. McCarthy -LRB- 1888 -- 1950 -RRB- , American Democratic politician and lawyer Dan McCarthy -LRB- hurler -RRB- -LRB- born 1918 -RRB- , Irish hurler Daniel W. McCarthy -LRB- born 1955 -RRB- , composer ", "Terry McCarthy may refer to : Terry McCarthy -LRB- journalist -RRB- Terry McCarthy -LRB- politician -RRB- , -LRB- born 1940 -RRB- , politician from the Australian Northern Territory Terry McCarthy -LRB- racing driver -RRB- , racing driver from the United States ", "Maggie Cogan is a resident of New York City who became a minor celebrity in the early 1960s when she was the first female horse and carriage driver in Central Park , working for the Plaza Hotel . She appeared in a 1967 Universal newsreel with her horse and carriage , and in 1968 , also appeared on quiz show What 's My Line ? , with contestants attempting to guess her occupation . After leaving her career briefly in the 1960s , she resumed it in 1970 , befriending Lisa Ryan , the daughter of actor Robert Ryan , who had also become a horse-and-carriage driver . By this point , she had had 2 unsuccessful marriages and given birth to two sons , both of whom she gave up when her life began to unravel . In 1977 , while living with Ryan , Cogan began to show signs of mental illness and she was eventually committed to a mental hospital by her parents . Eventually , she became homeless when she left her career for good . Director Michel Negroponte discovered her living in Central Park and made the documentary film Jupiter 's Wife about her . ", "Lori Baratta born November 2 , -LRB- year unstated -RRB- in New Jersey , is a popular fantasy and decorative realist American painter and illustrator . Her career began in the early 1990s and her artwork has been featured on books , magazines , t-shirts , ceramic tiles , stained glass housewares , candles , jewelry , notecards , rubber stamps and many other items . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Fly_II", "The_Fly_-LRB-1986_film-RRB-", "Don_Martinez", "The_Year's_Best_Fantasy_Stories-COLON-_13", "Fly_ball_pitcher" ]

[ "The Fly II is a 1989 science fiction horror film starring Eric Stoltz and Daphne Zuniga . It was directed by Chris Walas as a sequel to the 1986 Academy Award-winning film The Fly , itself a remake of the 1958 film of the same name . Stoltz 's character in this sequel is the adult son of Seth Brundle , the scientist-turned - ` Brundlefly ' , played by Jeff Goldblum in the 1986 remake . With the exception of stock footage of Goldblum from the first film , John Getz was the only actor to reprise his role . ", "The Fly is a 1986 American science fiction horror film directed and co-written by David Cronenberg . Produced by Brooksfilms and distributed by 20th Century Fox , the film stars Jeff Goldblum , Geena Davis and John Getz . Loosely based on George Langelaan 's 1957 short story of the same name , the film tells of an eccentric scientist who , after one of his experiments goes wrong , slowly turns into a fly-hybrid creature . The score was composed by Howard Shore and the make-up effects were created by Chris Walas , along with makeup artist Stephan Dupuis . The film was released on August 15 , 1986 to massive acclaim by critics and audiences , with praise mainly regarding the special effects and Goldblum 's performance . It grossed $ 60.6 million at the box office against its nine-million-dollar budget , becoming the largest commercial success of Cronenberg 's career . Walas and Dupuis ' work on the film resulted in their winning an Academy Award for Best Makeup , the only film directed by Cronenberg to win an Oscar . A sequel , directed by Walas himself , was released in 1989 . ", "Donald S. Martinez -LRB- 1903-1955 -RRB- , was an American commercial fly tier , fly shop owner and fly angler . He is most noted for his development and promotion of the woolly worm fly and dry fly fishing in the Yellowstone National Park region . He operated a seasonal fly shop in West Yellowstone , Montana during the summers of 1932-1943 . His West Yellowstone shop was eventually sold to Bud Lilly and became Bud Lilly 's Trout Shop which still operates there today . ", "The Year 's Best Fantasy Stories : 13 is an anthology of fantasy stories , edited by Arthur W. Saha . It was first published in paperback by DAW Books in November , 1987 . The book collects eleven novelettes and short stories by various fantasy authors , originally published in 1986 and deemed by the editor the best from the period represented , together with an introduction by the editor . ", "A fly ball pitcher is a type of baseball pitcher who produces an above-average number of fly balls , typically by keeping his fastball high up in the strike zone and relying on late movement to cause the batter to be unable to make solid contact . This designation is constructed around the ground ball fly ball ratio , which measures how frequently a pitcher gets batters out on fly balls versus ground balls . The downside of a fly ball pitcher is that , in a ballpark where the design tends to favor hitters over pitchers -LRB- an example being Yankee Stadium -RRB- , a fly ball pitcher will tend to give up more home runs , resulting in a higher earned run average . Examples include pitchers Sid Fernandez , Ted Lilly , and Chris Young . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "2017_Premier_League_Asia_Trophy", "Premier_League_Asia_Trophy", "2015_Nepal_Premier_League", "Tandragee_Rovers_F.C.", "London_Chargers" ]

[ "The 2017 Premier League Asia Trophy is the eighth edition of the Premier League Asia Trophy . Crystal Palace , Liverpool , Leicester City and West Bromwich Albion competed for the Premier League Asia Trophy . It wiil be held in Hong Kong at the Hong Kong Stadium from 19 -- 22 July 2017 . It is the first edition with four premier league teams to compete and therefore not feature a side from the host country . ", "The Premier League Asia Trophy -LRB- formerly the FA Premier League Asia Cup -RRB- is a pre-season association football friendly tournament held biennial in Asia . The two-day competition was inaugurated in 2003 and is `` the only Premier League-affiliated competition '' to be hosted outside England . It has taken place every other summer since then in order to avoid conflicting with the FIFA World Cup and the UEFA European Championship . For sponsorship purposes , it is referred to as the Barclays Asia Trophy . The competition features three clubs that are members of the Premier League at the time , as well as a local team from the host country . It employs a knockout system in which the winners of the first matches advance to the final , while the losing teams take part in a third place playoff . The tournament format will be partly modified for the 2017 edition , with no local team participating after the withdrawal of Shanghai SIPG . A fourth Premier League club -- Crystal Palace -- agreed to take their place at the last-minute having avoided relegation , marking the first time the tournament has featured teams solely from the Premier League . Chelsea won the inaugural tournament in 2003 , and finished victorious in another in 2011 . Five other sides have won the Premier League Asia Trophy : Bolton Wanderers in 2005 , Portsmouth in 2007 , Tottenham Hotspur in 2009 , Manchester City in 2013 , and Arsenal in 2015 . Chelsea , Tottenham , Man City , Everton , and South China are the most regular participants , having each contested the tournament on two occasions . Thailand 's under-23 national team are the only local Asian side to advance to the finals of the contest . Hong Kong has hosted the tournament three times , more than any other city . ", "The 2015 Nepal Premier League -LRB- Everest Premier League -RRB- was supposed to be the second edition of the Nepal Premier League . Also known as Wai Wai Nepal Premier League , the Twenty20 format was supposed to be held in 2015 in Kathmandu . Initially it was scheduled to be held from 26 March to 4 April 2015 but Cricket Association of Nepal insisted that it will not support NPL unless its name is changed . Later the board decided to support NPL and provided the ground for the competition . The name has been changed into Everest Premier League and is re-scheduled from 24 September to 3 October 2016 . ", "Tandragee Rovers Football Club is an intermediate-level football club playing in the Intermediate A division of the Mid-Ulster Football League in Northern Ireland . They were treble winners in 2000 -- 01 season winning the following Bob Radcliffe Cup , Bass Bowl Trophy and Premier Cup . The club is based in Tandragee , County Armagh . ", "London Chargers R.L.F.C. are a rugby league side based in South West London who compete in the Conference League South . They were known as the South West London Chargers up until November 2015 . They are the current champions of the London Premier division and of the Harry Jepson Trophy . They were formed in 2013 as a merger between West London Sharks and South London Storm . " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Caesar_-LRB-Mercury_Theatre-RRB-", "Mercury_Theatre", "Bea_Benaderet", "Biography-COLON-_A_Brief_History", "Melissa_Monet" ]

[ "Caesar is the title of Orson Welles 's innovative 1937 adaptation of William Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar , a modern-dress bare-stage production that evoked comparison to contemporary Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany . Considered Welles 's highest achievement in the theatre , it premiered November 11 , 1937 , as the first production of the Mercury Theatre , an independent repertory theatre company that presented an acclaimed series of productions on Broadway through 1941 . ", "The Mercury Theatre was an independent repertory theatre company founded in New York City in 1937 by Orson Welles and producer John Houseman . The company produced theatrical presentations , radio programs and motion pictures . The Mercury also released promptbooks and phonographic recordings of four Shakespeare works for use in schools . After a series of acclaimed Broadway productions , the Mercury Theatre progressed into its most popular incarnation as The Mercury Theatre on the Air . The radio series included one of the most notable and infamous radio broadcasts of all time , `` The War of the Worlds '' , broadcast October 30 , 1938 . The Mercury Theatre on the Air produced live radio dramas in 1938 -- 1940 and again briefly in 1946 . In addition to Welles , the Mercury players included Ray Collins , Joseph Cotten , George Coulouris , Martin Gabel , Norman Lloyd , Agnes Moorehead , Paul Stewart and Everett Sloane . Much of the troupe would later appear in Welles 's films at RKO , particularly Citizen Kane and The Magnificent Ambersons . ", "Beatrice `` Bea '' Benaderet -LRB- April 4 , 1902 -- October 13 , 1968 -RRB- was an American actress born in New York City and reared in San Francisco , California . Her major breaks in radio came on The Jack Benny Program and as a member of Orson Welles 's Mercury Theatre repertory company . She appeared in a wide variety of television work , which included a starring role in the 1960s television series Petticoat Junction and Green Acres as Shady Rest Hotel owner Kate Bradley , supporting roles as Blanche Morton in The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show and as the original voice of Betty Rubble during the first four seasons of The Flintstones , and in The Beverly Hillbillies as Pearl Bodine . She did a great deal of voice work in Warner Bros. animated cartoons of the 1940s and early 1950s , most famously as Granny . ", "Biography : A Brief History is a book by Nigel Hamilton that portrays , through historiography , the history of biography , and shows how biographers have portrayed and interpreted individuals ' lives . The book examines the historical evolution of the biography from the ancient world to the present , from the Epic of Gilgamesh to the recent American Splendor , from cuneiform to the Internet , from commemoration to deconstruction , and from fiction to fact . It also examines such famous biographical authors as Plutarch , Saint Augustine , Sir Walter Raleigh , Samuel Johnson , Jean-Jacques Rousseau , Lord Byron , Sigmund Freud , Lytton Strachey , Abel Gance , Virginia Woolf , Leni Riefenstahl , Orson Welles , Julian Barnes , Ted Hughes , and Frank McCourt . ", "Melissa Monet -LRB- born July 16 , 1964 -RRB- is the stage name of an American pornographic actress , writer and film director . Monet entered the adult film world in 1994 at the age of 30 . She was the only director and producer for movies made exclusively for the Spice Channel in the first few years of its existence . Monet has also appeared in the porn-related documentaries Rated X : A Journey Through Porn and Pornstar Pets . She has directed 19 hardcore titles and has directed softcore cable movies for Roger Corman 's production company Click Productions . Monet was born in Staten Island , New York City . Monet cites John Leslie as one of her influences . She is also an avid fan of the work of Orson Welles and Alfred Hitchcock . " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Shut_Up_-LRB-Stormzy_song-RRB-", "SDSU_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-", "The_jig_is_up", "One_More_Light", "Get_Up_and_Boogie_-LRB-song-RRB-" ]

[ "`` Shut Up '' is a song by English Grime artist and MC Stormzy . The song was released independently for digital download in the United Kingdom on 11 September 2015 as the B-side to the `` WickedSkengMan 4 '' single . It was produced by XTC and written by Stormzy . `` Shut Up '' was originally released as a freestyle video in May 2015 but gained popularity over the year . The song initially entered at number 59 on the UK Singles Chart in September 2015 , however following a Christmas number one campaign the song rose to number 8 . ", "SDSU is an acronym that may refer to : Universities in the United States of America : San Diego State University in San Diego , California South Dakota State University in Brookings , South Dakota Television series : Sit Down , Shut Up , an American television series Sit Down , Shut Up , an Australian television series Transportation : SDSU Transit Center , a station served by the San Diego Trolley on the San Diego State University campus ", "The jig is up may refer to : The Jig Is Up , a 2004 album by American fiddle player Peter Stampfel `` The Jig Is Up '' , a 1993 song by Jim Witter from his self-titled album `` The Jig Is Up '' , a 1995 song by Jill Sobule from her self-titled album `` The Jig Is Up '' , a 2008 song by Edison Glass , from their album Time Is Fiction `` The Jig Is Up '' , a 2010 song by Quasi , from their album American Gong ", "One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park . It was released on May 19 , 2017 through Warner Bros. . Records and Machine Shop , following the 2014 album The Hunting Party . The album 's first single , `` Heavy '' was released on March 16 , 2017 . It is their first album with a title track . In deciding on the title track , they felt that the song `` One More Light '' was the heart of the album . The album features guest vocal appearances from Pusha T , Stormzy , and Kiiara , and production and songwriting collaborations with Julia Michaels , Justin Tranter , Ross Golan , Andrew Goldstein , blackbear , and Eg White . Acoustic performances of the lead single by Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda helped promote One More Light . A few of them included performances with Kiiara , Waxx , and Sofia Karlberg . ", "`` Get Up and Boogie '' is a song by German disco act Silver Convention from their 1976 second album of the same name . The song was written and composed by Sylvester Levay and Stephan Prager , and produced by Prager . The song was released as the lead single from the album Get Up and Boogie -LRB- also titled Silver Convention in some countries -RRB- in 1976 . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 1 ]

[ "Tick-borne_encephalitis", "Black_point_-LRB-disease-RRB-", "Tick-Borne_Disease_Alliance", "Biological_therapy_for_inflammatory_bowel_disease", "Bartonellosis" ]

[ "Tick-borne encephalitis -LRB- TBE -RRB- is a viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system . The disease most often manifests as meningitis , encephalitis , or meningoencephalitis . Although TBE is most commonly recognized as a neurological disorder , mild fever can also occur . Long-lasting or permanent neuropsychiatric sequelae are observed in 10 to 20 % of infected patients . The number of reported cases has been increasing in most countries . The tick-borne encephalitis virus is known to infect a range of hosts including ruminants , birds , rodents , carnivores , horses and humans . The disease can also be zoonotic , with ruminants and dogs providing the principal source of infection for humans . TBE , like Lyme disease , is one of the many tick-borne diseases . ", "Black point -LRB- kernel smudge or just smudge -RRB- is a fungal disease that affects wheat , barley and rye . It is caused by various species of Alternaria , Fusarium , and Helminthosporium , and possibly other fungal genera . The fungus forms after the seeds have set but while they are still green and it is potentiated by high humidity . Infected areas are brown to black in color , and as the disease spreads the kernels may become shriveled . Occasionally the infected areas have a reddish tinge . Some authorities make a distinction between `` black point '' and `` smudge '' . For them the disease is `` black point '' from initial infection until more than half of the kernel is infected , or when the disease has entered into the seed 's crease . ", "The Tick-Borne Disease Alliance , or TBDA , was a national not-for-profit charity co-founded by Staci Grodin and David Roth that was dedicated to raising awareness , supporting initiatives and promoting advocacy to find a cure for tick-borne diseases , including Lyme . TBDA was formed in the spring of 2012 by Staci Grodin , the co-founder of the Turn the Corner Foundation , and David Roth , the co-founder of the Tick-Borne Disease Initiative . Roth has stated that he knew very little about Lyme disease or any other tick-borne diseases until he was diagnosed with Lyme himself , motivating him to raise awareness and increase funding for diagnostic testing . ", "Biological therapy refers to the use of medication that is tailored to specifically target an immune or genetic mediator of disease . Even for diseases of unknown cause , molecules that are involved in the disease process have been identified , and can be targeted for biological therapy ; many of these molecules , which are mainly cytokines , are directly involved in the immune system . Biological therapy has found a niche in the management of cancer , autoimmune diseases , and diseases of unknown cause that result in symptoms due to immune related mechanisms . Inflammatory bowel disease , or IBD , is a collection of systemic diseases involving inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract . IBD includes two -LRB- or three -RRB- diseases of unknown causation : ulcerative colitis , which affects only the large bowel ; Crohn 's disease , which can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract ; and , indeterminate colitis , which consists of large bowel inflammation that shows elements of both Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis . Although the causes of these diseases are unknown , genetic , environmental , immune and other mechanisms have been proposed . Of these , the immune system plays a large role in the development of symptoms . Given this , a variety of biological therapies have been developed for the treatment of these diseases . These have changed the way physicians treat Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis . ", "Bartonellosis is an infectious disease produced by bacteria of the genus Bartonella . Bartonella species cause diseases such as Carrión ´ s disease , trench fever , cat-scratch disease , bacillary angiomatosis , peliosis hepatis , chronic bacteremia , endocarditis , chronic lymphadenopathy , and neurological disorders . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "English_Wikipedia", "Monday_Morning_-LRB-magazine-RRB-", "Cuerpo_y_Alma_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Persian_Wikipedia", "Teaching_English_as_a_foreign_language" ]

[ "The English Wikipedia is the English-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia . Founded on 15 January 2001 , it is the first edition of Wikipedia and , as of July 2016 , has the most articles of any of the editions . As of , nearly % of articles in all Wikipedias belong to the English-language edition . This share has gradually declined from more than 50 percent in 2003 , due to the growth of Wikipedias in other languages . There are articles on the site -LRB- live count -RRB- . In October 2015 , the combined text of the English Wikipedia 's articles totalled 11.5 gigabytes when compressed . On 1 November 2015 , the English Wikipedia announced it had reached 5,000,000 articles and ran a special logo to reflect the milestone . The Simple English Wikipedia is a variation in which most of the articles use only basic English vocabulary . There is also the Old English -LRB- Ænglisc / Anglo-Saxon -RRB- Wikipedia -LRB- angwiki -RRB- . Community-produced news publications include The Signpost . ", "Monday Morning was an English-language weekly newspaper and then a weekly magazine published in Beirut , Lebanon every Monday . It was purchased by Dar Alf Leila Wa Leila publishing house who also published the Lebanese Arabic-language daily Al Bayrak . The print edition ceased as the media company folded . ", "`` Cuerpo y Alma '' is a song by Colombian-American latin pop singer-songwriter Soraya . The song was released as the lead single from her third bilingual studio album Cuerpo y Alma -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . The song was written , produced and recorded by Soraya and Tony Nicholas . An English-language version called `` I 'm Yours '' was released in the English/international edition of the album I 'm Yours in Germany . ", "The Persian Wikipedia -LRB- ویکی پدیا ، دانشنامهٔ آزاد , Romanized as Wikipediā , Dānešnāme-ye Āzād / `` Wikipedia , The Free Encyclopedia '' -RRB- is the Persian language version of Wikipedia , pronounced `` Wikipedia -LRB- Wikipediā -RRB- '' . The Persian version of Wikipedia was started in December 2003 . It passed 1,000 articles on December 16 , 2004 and 200,000 articles on July 10 , 2012 . ", "Teaching English as a Foreign Language -LRB- TEFL -RRB- refers to teaching the English language to students with different first languages . TEFL can occur either within the state school system or more privately , at a language school or with a tutor . TEFL can also take place in an English-speaking country for people who have immigrated there -LRB- either temporarily for school or work , or permanently -RRB- . TEFL teachers may be native or non-native speakers of English . Other acronyms for TEFL are TESL -LRB- Teaching English as a Second Language -RRB- , TESOL -LRB- Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages -RRB- , and ESL -LRB- English as a second language , a term typically used in English-speaking countries , and more often referring to the learning than the teaching -RRB- . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Levoamphetamine", "4-Iodopropofol", "Oxazepam", "Kia_Venga", "Lactucopicrin" ]

[ "Levoamphetamine , also known as levamfetamine -LRB- INN -RRB- , -LRB- R -RRB- - amphetamine , - amphetamine , and L-amphetamine , is a central nervous system -LRB- CNS -RRB- stimulant known to increase wakefulness and concentration in association with decreased appetite and fatigue . Pharmaceuticals that contain levoamphetamine are currently indicated and prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder -LRB- ADHD -RRB- , obesity , and narcolepsy in some countries . Levoamphetamine is the levorotatory stereoisomer of the amphetamine molecule . ", "4-Iodopropofol is a drug derived from the commonly used sedative anaesthetic agent , propofol . 4-Iodopropofol has similar effects to propofol on isolated receptors , acting primarily as a GABAA positive modulator and sodium channel blocker , but when given to animals it has only anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects , lacking the strong sedative-hypnotic profile of propofol . ", "Oxazepam is a short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepine . Oxazepam is used for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia and in the control of symptoms of alcohol withdrawal . It is a metabolite of diazepam , prazepam , and temazepam , and has moderate amnesic , anxiolytic , anticonvulsant , hypnotic , sedative , and skeletal muscle relaxant properties compared to other benzodiazepines . Oxazepam was initially patented and marketed in 1965 . ", "The Kia Venga is a Mini MPV manufactured by Kia Motors and sold exclusively in the European market . ", "Lactucopicrin -LRB- Intybin -RRB- is a bitter substance that has a sedative and analgesic effect , acting on the central nervous system . It is a sesquiterpene lactone , and is a component of lactucarium , derived from the plant Lactuca virosa -LRB- wild lettuce -RRB- , as well as being found in some related plants such as Cichorium intybus . It is also found in dandelion coffee . As well as their traditional use as sedatives and analgesics , these plants have also been used as antimalarials , and both lactucin and lactucopicrin have demonstrated antimalarial effects in vitro . Lactucopicrin has also been shown to act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Zoey_Deutch", "Rebel_in_the_Rye", "Vampire_Academy_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Adam_Fleming", "GoldenEye" ]

[ "Zoey Francis Thompson Deutch -LRB- born November 10 , 1994 -RRB- is an American actress . She is known for portraying Rosemarie `` Rose '' Hathaway in Vampire Academy -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Beverly in the Richard Linklater film Everybody Wants Some !! -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , Stephanie Fleming in Why Him ? -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , Samantha Kingston in Before I Fall -LRB- 2017 -RRB- and Erica Vandross in Flower -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Her other film roles include Beautiful Creatures -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Dirty Grandpa -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . ", "Rebel in the Rye is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed and written by Danny Strong . It is based on the book J. D. Salinger : A Life by Kenneth Slawenski , about the life of young writer J. D. Salinger during World War II . The film stars Nicholas Hoult , Zoey Deutch , Kevin Spacey , Sarah Paulson , Brian d'Arcy James , Victor Garber , Hope Davis , and Lucy Boynton . Principal photography on the film began on April 26 , 2016 in New York City . It premiered at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2017 . ", "Vampire Academy -LRB- also known as Vampire Academy : Blood Sisters -RRB- is a 2014 American fantasy comedy film based on Richelle Mead 's 2007 best-selling novel of the same name , directed by Mark Waters , and scripted by Daniel Waters . The film stars Zoey Deutch , Danila Kozlovsky , Lucy Fry , and Dominic Sherwood in lead roles . It was released in North America on February 7 , 2014 and globally between March and July of the same year . It was distributed in the United States by The Weinstein Company . The film was a failure critically and financially , grossing only $ 15.4 million worldwide against a $ 30 million budget , making the film a box office flop . ", "Adam Fleming may refer to : Adam Fleming -LRB- journalist -RRB- , British news reporter Adam Fleming -LRB- businessman -RRB- , British billionaire Adam Fleming -LRB- Innovator -RRB- , Nationality British ", "GoldenEye -LRB- 1995 -RRB- is the seventeenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the first to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 officer James Bond . The film was directed by Martin Campbell and is the first in the series not to take story elements from the works of novelist Ian Fleming . The story was conceived and written by Michael France , with later collaboration by other writers . In the film , Bond fights to prevent an ex-MI6 agent , gone rogue , from using a satellite against London to cause a global financial meltdown . GoldenEye was released in 1995 after a six-year hiatus in the series caused by legal disputes , during which Timothy Dalton resigned from the role of James Bond and was replaced by Pierce Brosnan . M was also recast , with actress Judi Dench becoming the first woman to portray the character , replacing Robert Brown . The role of Miss Moneypenny was also recast , with Caroline Bliss being replaced by Samantha Bond ; Desmond Llewelyn was the only actor to reprise his role as Q. GoldenEye was the first Bond film made after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War , which provided a background for the plot . The film accumulated a worldwide gross of US$ 350.7 million , considerably better than Dalton 's films , without taking inflation into account . The film received positive reviews , with critics viewing Brosnan as a definite improvement over his predecessor . The film also received award nominations for `` Best Achievement in Special Effects '' and `` Best Sound '' from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts . The name `` GoldenEye '' pays homage to James Bond 's creator , Ian Fleming . While working for British Naval Intelligence as a lieutenant commander , Fleming liaised with the American OSS to monitor developments in Spain after the Spanish Civil War in an operation codenamed Operation Goldeneye . Fleming used the name of his operation for his estate in Oracabessa , Jamaica . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Visigoths", "Theodoric_I", "Dodsworth", "The_10_-LRB-novel-RRB-", "Battle_of_Guadalete" ]

[ "The Visigoths -LRB- UK : -LSB- ˈvɪzɪˌɡɒθs -RSB- US : -LSB- ˈvɪzɪˌɡɑːθs -RSB- Visigothi , Wisigothi , Vesi , Visi , Wesi , or Wisi Visigoti -RRB- were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths . These tribes flourished and spread throughout the late Roman Empire in Late Antiquity , or what is known as the Migration Period . The Visigoths emerged from earlier Gothic groups -LRB- possibly the Thervingi -RRB- who had invaded the Roman Empire beginning in 376 and had defeated the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 . Relations between the Romans and the Visigoths were variable , alternately warring with one another and making treaties when convenient . The Visigoths invaded Italy under Alaric I and sacked Rome in 410 . After the Visigoths sacked Rome , they began settling down , first in southern Gaul and eventually in Spain and Portugal , where they founded the Visigothic Kingdom and maintained a presence from the 5th to the 8th centuries AD . The Visigoths first settled in southern Gaul as foederati of the Romans -- a relationship established in 418 . However , they soon fell out with their Roman hosts -LRB- for reasons that are now obscure -RRB- and established their own kingdom with its capital at Toulouse . They next extended their authority into Hispania at the expense of the Suebi and Vandals . In 507 , however , their rule in Gaul was ended by the Franks under Clovis I , who defeated them in the Battle of Vouillé . After that , the Visigoth kingdom was limited to Hispania , and they never again held territory north of the Pyrenees other than Septimania . A small , elite group of Visigoths came to dominate the governance of that region at the expense of those who had previously ruled there , particularly in the Byzantine province of Spania and the Kingdom of the Suebi . In or around 589 , the Visigoths under Reccared I converted from Arianism to Nicene Christianity , gradually adopting the culture of their Hispano-Roman subjects . Their legal code , the Visigothic Code -LRB- completed in 654 -RRB- abolished the longstanding practice of applying different laws for Romans and Visigoths . Once legal distinctions were no longer being made between Romani and Gothi , they became known collectively as Hispani . In the century that followed , the region was dominated by the Councils of Toledo and the episcopacy . -LRB- Little else is known about the Visigoths ' history during the 7th century , since records are relatively sparse . -RRB- In 711 or 712 , a force of invading African Moors defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete . Their king and many members of their governing elite were killed , and their kingdom rapidly collapsed . Gothic identity survived , however , especially in Marca Hispanica and the Kingdom of Asturias , which had been founded by the Visigothic nobleman Pelagius of Asturias after his victory over the Moors at the Battle of Covadonga . During their governance of the Kingdom of Hispania , the Visigoths built several churches that survive . They also left many artifacts , which have been discovered in increasing numbers by archaeologists in recent times . The Treasure of Guarrazar of votive crowns and crosses is the most spectacular . They founded the only new cities in western Europe from the fall of the Western half of the Roman Empire until the rise of the Carolingian dynasty . Many Visigothic names are still in use in modern Spanish and Portuguese . Their most notable legacy , however , was the Visigothic Code , which served , among other things , as the basis for court procedure in most of Christian Iberia until the Late Middle Ages , centuries after the demise of the kingdom . ", "Theodoric I -LRB- 390 or 393 -- 20 or 24 June 451 -RRB- was the King of the Visigoths from 418 to 451 . An illegitimate son of Alaric , Theodoric is famous for his part in defeating Attila at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains in 451 , where he was killed on June 24 . ", "Dodsworth may refer to : Dodsworth -LRB- novel -RRB- , a 1929 novel by Sinclair Lewis Dodsworth -LRB- play -RRB- , a 1934 play adapted from the novel Dodsworth -LRB- film -RRB- , a 1936 film adapted from the novel Roger Dodsworth -LRB- 1585 -- 1654 -RRB- , English antiquary Matthew Dodsworth -LRB- c. 1544 -- 1631 -RRB- , English judge Geoffrey Dodsworth -LRB- born 1928 -RRB- , British politician Any of the Smith-Dodsworth Baronets ", "The 10 is an unfinished novel written by M. Karagatsis . The novel was written in 1960 and was the last novel of M. Karagatsis . Although it was unfinished it released in 1964 by Estia Publications , 4 years after the death of Karagatsis . Since then , the novel has a lot of new publications . The 10 was adapted for TV series by the director Pigi Dimitrakopoulou , in 2007 . The adapted screenplay was written by Stavros Kalafatidis , Mary Zafeiropoulou and Giorgos Kritikos . ", "The Battle of Guadalete was fought in 711 or 712 at an unidentified location between the Christian Visigoths of Hispania under their king , Roderic , and an invading force of the Muslim Berbers and Arabs under the Berber commander Ṭāriq ibn Ziyad . The battle was significant as the culmination of a series of Berber attacks and the beginning of the Islamic conquest of Hispania . In the battle Roderic lost his life , along with many members of the Visigothic nobility , opening the way for the capture of the Visigothic capital of Toledo . The battle is sometimes referred to as the Battle of Jerez de la Frontera , Battle of La Janda , Battle of the Río Barbate , or Battle of the Transductine Promontories . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Cthulhu", "The_Trail_of_Cthulhu", "Insect_from_Shaggai", "Emoinu", "Metriacanthosauridae" ]

[ "Cthulhu -LRB- -LSB- - all -LRB- k -RRB- ʟ̝̊ʊlʔɬuː -RSB- -RRB- is a cosmic entity created by writer H. P. Lovecraft and first introduced in the short story `` The Call of Cthulhu '' , published in the American pulp magazine Weird Tales in 1928 . Considered a Great Old One within the pantheon of Lovecraftian cosmic entities , the creature has since been featured in numerous popular culture references . Lovecraft depicts Cthulhu as a gigantic entity worshipped by cultists . Cthulhu 's appearance is described as looking like an octopus , a dragon and a caricature of human form . Its name was given to the Lovecraft-inspired universe where it and its fellow entities existed , the Cthulhu Mythos . ", "The Trail of Cthulhu is a series of interconnected short stories written by August Derleth as part of the Cthulhu Mythos genre of horror fiction . The stories chronicle the struggles of Laban Shrewsbury and his companions against the Great Old Ones , particularly Cthulhu . The stories were originally published in Weird Tales from 1944 to 1952 , and were republished in collected form as The Trail of Cthulhu by Arkham House in 1962 in an edition of 2,470 copies . ", "An Insect from Shaggai is a member of a fictional alien race -LRB- also known as the Shan -RRB- in the Cthulhu Mythos . The being was created by British author Ramsey Campbell , who was inspired by a similar creature in H. P. Lovecraft 's commonplace book . The Shan first appeared in Campbell 's short story `` The Insects From Shaggai '' -LRB- 1964 -RRB- . ", "Emoinu or Ebendhou Emoinu or Emoinu Ahongbi , is the Sanamahism Goddess of wealth , prosperity and vital resources . The Goddess is worshipped by the Meitei people of Manipur , northeastern India . The Goddess is known for her sense of humor . Mostly she is imaged as old woman considering from the addressing name , Ebendhou meaning great grandmother in Meiteilon , by Her devotees . ", "Metriacanthosauridae is an extinct family of carnivorous allosauroid theropod dinosaurs . They tended to be large predators , some growing to sizes of 10 m. Metriacanthosaurids are carnosaurs , and many were initially classified within Megalosauridae or Allosauridae . A gigantic tooth belonging to what most likely is a giant sinraptorid has been described by Xu and Clarke in 2008 . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "China", "Economy_of_Pakistan", "Gross_domestic_product", "United_States", "Economy_of_Réunion" ]

[ "China , officially the People 's Republic of China -LRB- PRC -RRB- , is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the world 's most populous country , with a population of over 1.381 billion . Covering approximately 9.6 e6km2 , China is the world 's second-largest state by land area and third - or fourth-largest by total area . Governed by the Communist Party of China , it exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities -LRB- Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai and Chongqing -RRB- and the Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau , also claiming sovereignty over Taiwan . China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia , and has been characterized as a potential superpower . China emerged as one of the world 's earliest civilizations in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the legendary Xia dynasty . Since 221 , when the Qin dynasty conquered the other largest six states to form the first unified Chinese empire , China has then expanded , fractured and re-unified numerous times in the following millennia . In 1912 , the Republic of China -LRB- ROC -RRB- replaced the last dynasty and ruled the Chinese mainland until 1949 , when it was defeated by the communist People 's Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War . The Communist Party established the People 's Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949 , while the ROC government relocated to Taiwan with its present de facto temporary capital in Taipei . Both the ROC and PRC continue to claim to be the legitimate government of all China , though the latter has more recognition in the world and controls more territory . China has had the largest economy in the world for much of the last two thousand years , during which it has seen cycles of prosperity and decline . Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978 , China has become one of the world 's fastest-growing major economies . , it is the world 's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and largest by purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- . China is also the world 's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods . China is a recognized nuclear weapons state and has the world 's largest standing army and second-largest defense budget . The PRC is a member of the United Nations , as it replaced the ROC as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council in 1971 . China is also a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations , including the WTO , APEC , BRICS , the Shanghai Cooperation Organization -LRB- SCO -RRB- , the BCIM and the G-20 . ", "The economy of Pakistan is the 25th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- , and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product . Pakistan has a population of over 190 million -LRB- the world 's 6th-largest -RRB- , giving it a nominal GDP per capita of $ 1,428 , which ranks 147th in the world for 2016 . However , Pakistan 's undocumented economy is estimated to be 36 % of its overall economy , which is not taken into consideration when calculating per capita income . Pakistan is a developing country and is one of the Next Eleven , the eleven countries and have a potential to be among the world 's large economies in the 21st century . However , after decades of war and social instability , as of 2013 , serious deficiencies in basic services such as railway transportation and electric power generation had developed . The economy is semi-industrialized , with centres of growth along the Indus River . Primary export commodities include textiles , leather goods , sports goods , chemicals and carpets/rugs . Growth poles of Pakistan 's economy are situated along the Indus River ; the diversified economies of Karachi and major urban centers in the Punjab , coexisting with lesser developed areas in other parts of the country . The economy has suffered in the past from internal political disputes , a fast-growing population , mixed levels of foreign investment . Foreign exchange reserves are bolstered by steady worker remittances , but a growing current account deficit -- driven by a widening trade gap as import growth outstrips export expansion -- could draw down reserves and dampen GDP growth in the medium term . Pakistan is currently undergoing a process of economic liberalization , including privatization of all government corporations , aimed to attract foreign investment and decrease budget deficit . In 2014 , foreign currency reserves crossed $ 18.4 billion which has led to stable outlook on the long-term rating by Standard & Poor 's . In 2016 , BMI Research report named Pakistan as one of the ten emerging economies with a particular focus on of its manufacturing hub . In October 2016 , the IMF chief Christine Lagarde confirmed her economic assessment in Islamabad that Pakistan 's economy was ` out of crisis ' The World Bank predicts that by 2018 , Pakistan 's economic growth will increase to a `` robust '' 5.4 % due to greater inflow of foreign investment , namely from the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor . According to the World Bank , poverty in Pakistan fell from 64.3 % in 2002 to 29.5 % in 2014 . Pakistan 's fiscal position continues to improve as the budget deficit has fallen from 6.4 % in 2013 to 4.3 % in 2016 . The country 's improving Macroeconomic position has led to Moody 's upgrading Pakistan 's debt outlook to `` stable '' . ", "Gross domestic product -LRB- GDP -RRB- is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period -LRB- quarterly or yearly -RRB- . Nominal GDP estimates are commonly used to determine the economic performance of a whole country or region , and to make international comparisons . Nominal GDP per capita does not , however , reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries ; therefore using a basis of GDP at purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- is arguably more useful when comparing differences in living standards between nations . ", "The United States of America -LRB- USA -RRB- , commonly known as the United States -LRB- U.S. -RRB- or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse . At 3.8 million square miles -LRB- 9.8 million km2 -RRB- and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco . Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States -LRB- OAS -RRB- , and other international organizations . The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations . ", "The economy of Réunion has traditionally been based on agriculture . Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century , and in some years it accounts for 85 % of exports . The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment , which amounts to more than 40 % of the labour force . The gap in Réunion between the well-off and the poor is large and accounts for the persistent social tensions . The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrated the seriousness of socio-economic tensions . However , this gap has been closing in the last 15 years . In 2007 the GDP per capita of Réunion at nominal exchange rates , not at PPP , was $ 17,146 -LRB- US$ 23,501 -RRB- . However , while this is exceptionally high compared with its neighbours in Madagascar and the African continent , it is only 57 % of the 30,140 euros per capita GDP of metropolitan France in 2007 . The total GDP of the island was US$ 18.8 billion in 2007 . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 1, 0 ]

[ "Battle_of_the_Trebia", "Humanyun_Mosque", "Battle_of_Meelick_Island", "Ivankiv", "Ripollet" ]

[ "The Battle of the Trebia -LRB- or Trebbia -RRB- was the first major battle of the Second Punic War , fought between the Carthaginian forces of Hannibal and the Roman Republic in December of 218 BC , on or around the winter solstice . It was a resounding Roman defeat with heavy losses , and yet some 10,000 and more Romans , over 2.5 legions , survived on the field and retreated in order to Placentia -LRB- Piacenza -RRB- . In this battle , Hannibal got the better of the Romans by exercising the careful and innovative planning for which he was famous . The impetuous and short-sighted opposing general , the consul Tiberius Sempronius Longus , allowed himself to be provoked into a frontal assault under physically difficult circumstances and failed to see that he was being led into a trap . The battle took place in the flat country of the Province of Piacenza on the left bank of the Trebbia River , a shallow , braided stream , not far south from its confluence -LRB- from the south -RRB- with the Po river . The battle is named for the river . Although the precise location is not known for certain , it is generally accepted as being visible from the Via Emilia , now paralleled by highway A21/E70 and a railroad trunk line , all of which come from Piacenza , a contemporaneously placed Roman colony -LRB- though perhaps on an existing settlement -RRB- , and cross the river north of where the Romans did in the battle . The area is possibly in the comune of Rottofreno at its main settlement , San Nicolò a Trebbia , in the vicinity of the coordinates given at the head of this article.Over the course of more than two millennia the precise configuration of the Trebbia and its streams as well as that of the Po have changed geologically . Although the location of Placentia is believed to be roughly the same , the original surfaces are under new layers of sediment and the locations of the bends , the depths and widths of the streams all have changed . Construction in the area also has been extensive , not to mention the turning over of the soil and obliteration of features by heavy bombing when the bridges and rail lines were destroyed in World War II . The Trebbia and the Po are currently heavily diked . ", "Humanyun Mosque is situated in the village of Kachhpura in Agra on the left bank of River Yamuna . ", "The Battle of Meelick Island took place on the river Shannon , on the border between Connacht and Leinster , in Ireland in October 1650 . It was fought between the armies of Confederate Ireland and the English Parliament during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms . The battle occurred when an English force under Colonel Daniel Axtell attacked the Connacht Irish army led by Clanricarde . The result was the rout of the Connacht army by Axtell 's soldiers . ", "Ivankiv -LRB- ; , transliterated Ivankov -RRB- is an urban-type settlement in Kiev Oblast -LRB- province -RRB- of Ukraine . It is situated on the left bank of the Teteriv River . It is the administrative center of Ivankiv Raion , and its population was . In 2001 , the population had been 10,563 . ", "Ripollet is a municipality in the comarca of the Vallès Occidental in Catalonia , Spain . It is situated on the left bank of the Ripoll river . The town is served by the AP-7 , C-58 and C-33 highways , the N-150 road and a RENFE railway line . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Paper_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Made_in_America_-LRB-2013_film-RRB-", "Hustle_&_Flow", "Conan_-LRB-books-RRB-", "Ron_Howard" ]

[ "The Paper is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Michael Keaton , Glenn Close , Marisa Tomei , Randy Quaid and Robert Duvall . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song for `` Make Up Your Mind '' , which was written and performed by Randy Newman . The film depicts a hectic 24 hours in a newspaper editor 's professional and personal life . The main story of the day is the murder of a couple of visiting businessmen . The reporters discover evidence suggesting a police cover-up of evidence of the suspects ' innocence , and rush to scoop the story in the midst of professional , private and financial chaos . ", "Made in America is a 2013 American documentary film , directed by Ron Howard , about the music festival of the same name founded by Jay-Z . It was screened in the Mavericks section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival . Howard said the festival documentary will be `` a reflection of the fabric of what it means to be ` Made in America ' -- what the festival represents , why Jay is doing it and how he relates to each artist . '' The documentary features performances from Pearl Jam , Odd Future , Dirty Projectors , Skrillex , Santigold , Janelle Monáe , and Run-DMC . ", "Hustle & Flow is a 2005 American independent drama film written and directed by Craig Brewer and produced by John Singleton and Stephanie Allain . It was released on July 22 , 2005 . Terrence Howard stars as a Memphis hustler and pimp who faces his aspiration to become a rapper . The film is dedicated to Sun Records founder Sam Phillips . The film won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for Three 6 Mafia 's song `` It 's Hard out Here for a Pimp '' . Howard was nominated for Best Actor . ", "The Conan books are sword and sorcery fantasies featuring the character of Conan the Cimmerian originally created by Robert E. Howard . Written by numerous authors and issued by numerous publishers , they include both novels and short stories , the latter assembled in various combinations over the years by the several publishers . The character has proven durably popular , resulting in Conan stories being produced after Howard 's death by such later writers as Poul Anderson , Leonard Carpenter , Lin Carter , L. Sprague de Camp , Roland J. Green , John C. Hocking , Robert Jordan , Sean A. Moore , Björn Nyberg , Andrew J. Offutt , Steve Perry , John Maddox Roberts , Harry Turtledove , and Karl Edward Wagner . Some of these writers finished incomplete Conan manuscripts by Howard , or rewrote Howard stories which originally featured different characters . Most post-Howard Conan stories , however , are completely original works . In total , more than fifty novels and dozens of short stories featuring the Conan character have been written by authors other than Howard . This article describes and discusses notable book editions of the Conan stories . ", "Ronald William `` Ron '' Howard -LRB- born March 1 , 1954 -RRB- is an American actor and filmmaker . Howard is best known for playing two high-profile roles in television sitcoms in his youth and directing a number of successful feature films later in his career . Howard first came to prominence playing young Opie Taylor in the sitcom The Andy Griffith Show for eight years and later playing teenager Richie Cunningham in the sitcom Happy Days for seven years . He appeared in the musical film The Music Man -LRB- 1962 -RRB- , the comedy film The Courtship of Eddie 's Father -LRB- 1963 -RRB- , the coming of age film American Graffiti -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , the western film The Shootist -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , and the comedy film Grand Theft Auto -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , which he also directed . In 1980 , Howard left Happy Days to focus on directing . His films include : the science-fiction/fantasy film Cocoon -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , the historical docudrama Apollo 13 -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , the biographical drama A Beautiful Mind -LRB- 2001 -RRB- -LRB- earning him the Academy Award for Best Director -RRB- , and the thriller The Da Vinci Code -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . In 2002 , Howard narrated the Fox comedy series , Arrested Development , on which he would also serve as producer and play a semi-fictionalized version of himself . In 2003 , Howard was awarded the National Medal of Arts . Asteroid 12561 Howard is named after him . He was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 2013 . Howard has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions in the television and motion pictures industries . " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 2 ]

[ "Keith_Stanfield", "Keith_Chapman_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-", "Keith_O'Neill", "Keith_Wailoo", "Beer_for_My_Horses" ]

[ "LaKeith Lee `` Keith '' Stanfield -LRB- born August 12 , 1991 -RRB- is an American actor and rapper . He made his feature film debut in Short Term 12 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , for which he was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award . In 2014 , he appeared in the horror film The Purge : Anarchy and in the Martin Luther King biopic Selma as civil rights activist Jimmie Lee Jackson . In 2015 , Stanfield appeared in the film Dope and the biopic about the hip-hop group N.W.A , Straight Outta Compton , where he portrayed Snoop Dogg . In 2016 , he appeared in the Oliver Stone biopic Snowden and began starring on the Donald Glover TV series , Atlanta . In 2017 , he appeared in the critically acclaimed film Get Out , which went on to finish first at the box office on its opening weekend . ", "Keith Chapman is a British television writer and producer who created Bob the Builder . Keith Chapman may also refer to : Keith Chapman -LRB- footballer -RRB- -LRB- 1934 -- 2007 -RRB- , Australian rules footballer Keith Chapman -LRB- organist -RRB- -LRB- 1945 -- 1989 -RRB- , American concert organist ", "Keith O'Neill may refer to : Keith O'Neill -LRB- drummer -RRB- , drummer with the band Cast Keith O'Neill -LRB- footballer -RRB- -LRB- born 1976 -RRB- , footballer who represented the Republic of Ireland Keith O'Neill -LRB- fiddler -RRB- , Irish-American fiddler ", "Keith Wailoo -LRB- Keith A. Wailoo -RRB- is an American historian . He is the Townsend Martin Professor of History and Public Affairs at Princeton University . ", "Infobox single | Name = Beer for My Horses | Cover = Beer for my horses single cover.png | Artist = Toby Keith featuring Willie Nelson | B-side = `` Rock You Baby '' | from Album = Unleashed | Released = April 7 , 2003 | Format = CD single , 7 '' | Genre = Country | Length = 3:24 | Label = DreamWorks Records 450785 | Writer = Scotty EmerickToby Keith | Producer = James StroudToby Keith | Certification = | Misc = `` Beer for My Horses '' is a song recorded by American country music artists Toby Keith and Willie Nelson . It was composed by Keith and Scotty Emerick for Keith 's seventh studio album , Unleashed . The song was released as the album 's fourth and final single on April 7 , 2003 . The song tells of a group of men who lynch some criminals then celebrate with a round of drinks at a saloon . `` Beer for My Horses '' received mixed reviews from music critics . The single reached number twenty-two on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it Keith 's highest charting song of his career at the time . The song also peaked at number one for six weeks in the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs -LRB- one of two songs to stay that long at number one for Toby Keith -RRB- . Becoming Keith 's eleventh number one hit and Nelson 's twenty third and his first since `` Nothing I Can Do About It Now '' in 1989 . `` Beer for My Horses '' was certified platinum once by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- . The accompanying music video was directed by Michael Salomon and premiered on April 9 , 2003 . `` Beer for My Horses '' also made Willie Nelson the oldest artist to top the country charts at age 70 . The phrase , `` Whiskey for me beer for my horse . '' is said in the 1975 film ` Bite The Bullet ' by Jan Michael Vincent . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 2 ]