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Slipknot_-LRB-band-RRB- | Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines , Iowa . The band was founded in September 1995 by percussionist Shawn Crahan and bassist Paul Gray . After several lineup changes in its early years , the band settled on nine members for more than a decade : Corey Taylor , Mick Thomson , Jim Root , Paul Gray , Craig Jones , Sid Wilson , Shawn Crahan , Chris Fehn and Joey Jordison . Gray died on May 24 , 2010 , and was replaced from 2011 -- 2014 by former guitarist Donnie Steele . Jordison left the band on December 12 , 2013 . Steele left during the recording sessions for .5 : The Gray Chapter . The band is now touring with replacement musicians Alessandro Venturella on bass and Jay Weinberg on drums . After the departure of Jordison , the only founding member in the current lineup is percussionist Crahan ; the other remaining members of Slipknot have been members since the release of the band 's 1999 eponymous debut album . Slipknot is well known for its attention-grabbing image , aggressive style of music , and energetic and chaotic live shows . The band rapidly rose to success following the release of their eponymous debut album in 1999 . The 2001 follow-up album , Iowa , although darker in tone , made the band more popular . After a brief hiatus , Slipknot returned in 2004 with Vol . 3 : -LRB- The Subliminal Verses -RRB- , before going on another hiatus and returning in 2008 with its fourth album , All Hope Is Gone , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart . After another long hiatus , Slipknot released its fifth studio album , .5 : The Gray Chapter , in 2014 . The band has released a live album titled 9.0 : Live , a compilation album titled Antennas to Hell , and four live DVDs . | 0 Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines , Iowa . heavy metal Heavy Metal music Iowa Iowa (album)
1 The band was founded in September 1995 by percussionist Shawn Crahan and bassist Paul Gray . Shawn Crahan Shawn Crahan Paul Gray Paul Gray (American musician)
2 After several lineup changes in its early years , the band settled on nine members for more than a decade : Corey Taylor , Mick Thomson , Jim Root , Paul Gray , Craig Jones , Sid Wilson , Shawn Crahan , Chris Fehn and Joey Jordison . Corey Taylor Corey Taylor Mick Thomson Mick Thomson Jim Root Jim Root Craig Jones Craig Jones (musician) Sid Wilson Sid Wilson Shawn Crahan Shawn Crahan Chris Fehn Chris Fehn Paul Gray Paul Gray (American musician) Joey Jordison Joey Jordison
3 Gray died on May 24 , 2010 , and was replaced from 2011 -- 2014 by former guitarist Donnie Steele . Donnie Steele Donnie Steele
4 Jordison left the band on December 12 , 2013 .
5 Steele left during the recording sessions for .5 : The Gray Chapter .
6 The band is now touring with replacement musicians Alessandro Venturella on bass and Jay Weinberg on drums . Alessandro Venturella Alessandro Venturella Jay Weinberg Jay Weinberg
7 After the departure of Jordison , the only founding member in the current lineup is percussionist Crahan ; the other remaining members of Slipknot have been members since the release of the band 's 1999 eponymous debut album . 1999 eponymous debut album Slipknot (album)
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10 Slipknot is well known for its attention-grabbing image , aggressive style of music , and energetic and chaotic live shows .
11 The band rapidly rose to success following the release of their eponymous debut album in 1999 .
12 The 2001 follow-up album , Iowa , although darker in tone , made the band more popular . Iowa Iowa (album)
13 After a brief hiatus , Slipknot returned in 2004 with Vol .
14 3 : -LRB- The Subliminal Verses -RRB- , before going on another hiatus and returning in 2008 with its fourth album , All Hope Is Gone , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart . All Hope Is Gone All Hope Is Gone
15 After another long hiatus , Slipknot released its fifth studio album , .5 : The Gray Chapter , in 2014 .
16 The band has released a live album titled 9.0 : Live , a compilation album titled Antennas to Hell , and four live DVDs . Antennas to Hell Antennas to Hell
17 |
Sister_Act | Sister Act is a 1992 American musical comedy film directed by Emile Ardolino and written by Joseph Howard . Featuring musical arrangements by Marc Shaiman , the film stars Whoopi Goldberg as a Reno lounge singer who has been put under protective custody in a San Francisco convent of Poor Clares and has to pretend to be a nun when a mob boss puts her on his hit list . Also in the cast are Maggie Smith , Kathy Najimy , Wendy Makkena , Mary Wickes , and Harvey Keitel . One of the most financially successful comedies of the early 1990s , grossing $ 231 million worldwide , the film was rated # 83 on Bravo 's The 100 Funniest Movies list . It spawned a 1993 sequel , entitled Sister Act 2 : Back in the Habit , and a musical adaptation that premiered at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena , California , in 2006 , and opened at the West End 's London Palladium with previews from May 7 , 2009 . The musical then opened on Broadway at the Broadway Theatre in April 2011 , with previews beginning March 24 , 2011 . | 0 Sister Act is a 1992 American musical comedy film directed by Emile Ardolino and written by Joseph Howard . Emile Ardolino Emile Ardolino Joseph Howard Paul Rudnick musical Musical film comedy film comedy film
1 Featuring musical arrangements by Marc Shaiman , the film stars Whoopi Goldberg as a Reno lounge singer who has been put under protective custody in a San Francisco convent of Poor Clares and has to pretend to be a nun when a mob boss puts her on his hit list . Whoopi Goldberg Whoopi Goldberg Marc Shaiman Marc Shaiman musical Musical film Reno Reno, Nevada protective custody protective custody San Francisco San Francisco convent convent Poor Clares Poor Clares nun nun
2 Also in the cast are Maggie Smith , Kathy Najimy , Wendy Makkena , Mary Wickes , and Harvey Keitel . Maggie Smith Maggie Smith Harvey Keitel Harvey Keitel Kathy Najimy Kathy Najimy Wendy Makkena Wendy Makkena Mary Wickes Mary Wickes
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5 One of the most financially successful comedies of the early 1990s , grossing $ 231 million worldwide , the film was rated # 83 on Bravo 's The 100 Funniest Movies list . Bravo Bravo (US TV channel)
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8 It spawned a 1993 sequel , entitled Sister Act 2 : Back in the Habit , and a musical adaptation that premiered at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena , California , in 2006 , and opened at the West End 's London Palladium with previews from May 7 , 2009 . musical Musical film sequel sequel musical adaptation Sister Act (musical) Pasadena Playhouse Pasadena Playhouse West End West End theatre London Palladium London Palladium
9 The musical then opened on Broadway at the Broadway Theatre in April 2011 , with previews beginning March 24 , 2011 . musical Musical film Broadway Theatre the Broadway Theatre
10 |
Singapore | Singapore -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪŋgəpɔr -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Singapore , sometimes referred to as the Lion City , the Garden City or the Little Red Dot , is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia . It lies one degree -LRB- 137 km -RRB- north of the equator , at the southern tip of peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia 's Riau Islands to the south . Singapore 's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets . Since independence , extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23 % -LRB- 130 km2 -RRB- , and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora , parks and gardens . Stamford Raffles founded colonial Singapore in 1819 as a trading post of the East India Company ; after its collapse and the eventual establishment of the British Raj , the islands were ceded to Britain and became part of its Straits Settlements in 1826 . During the Second World War , Singapore was occupied by Japan . It gained independence from the UK in 1963 by federating with other former British territories to form Malaysia , but separated two years later over ideological differences , becoming a sovereign nation in 1965 . After early years of turbulence , and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland , the nation developed rapidly as an Asian Tiger economy , based on external trade and its workforce . Singapore is a global commerce , finance and transport hub . Its standings include : the most `` technology-ready '' nation -LRB- WEF -RRB- , top International-meetings city -LRB- UIA -RRB- , city with `` best investment potential '' -LRB- BERI -RRB- , second-most competitive country , third-largest foreign exchange market , third-largest financial centre , third-largest oil refining and trading centre , and the second-busiest container port . The country has also been identified as a tax haven . Singapore ranks 5th on the UN Human Development Index and the 3rd highest GDP per capita . It is ranked highly in education , healthcare , life expectancy , quality of life , personal safety , and housing . Although income inequality is high , 90 % of homes are owner-occupied . 38 % of Singapore 's 5.6 million residents are permanent residents and other foreign nationals . There are four official languages : English -LRB- common and first language -RRB- , Malay , Mandarin , Tamil ; almost all Singaporeans are bilingual . Singapore is a unitary multiparty parliamentary republic , with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government . The People 's Action Party has won every election since self-government in 1959 . The dominance of the PAP , coupled with a low level of press freedom and restrictions on civil liberties and political rights , has led to Singapore being classified by some as a semi-authoritarian regime . One of the five founding members of the ASEAN , Singapore is also the host of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation -LRB- APEC -RRB- Secretariat , and a member of the East Asia Summit , Non-Aligned Movement , and the Commonwealth of Nations . | 0 Singapore -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪŋgəpɔr -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Singapore , sometimes referred to as the Lion City , the Garden City or the Little Red Dot , is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia . city-state city-state Little Red Dot Little Red Dot sovereign city-state sovereign city-state Southeast Asia Southeast Asia
1 It lies one degree -LRB- 137 km -RRB- north of the equator , at the southern tip of peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia 's Riau Islands to the south . equator equator peninsular Malaysia peninsular Malaysia Indonesia Indonesia Riau Islands Riau Islands Malaysia Malaysia
2 Singapore 's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets . main island Pulau Ujong 62 other islets List of islands of Singapore
3 Since independence , extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23 % -LRB- 130 km2 -RRB- , and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora , parks and gardens . land reclamation land reclamation greening policy National Parks Board parks and gardens List of parks in Singapore
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6 Stamford Raffles founded colonial Singapore in 1819 as a trading post of the East India Company ; after its collapse and the eventual establishment of the British Raj , the islands were ceded to Britain and became part of its Straits Settlements in 1826 . Stamford Raffles Stamford Raffles colonial Singapore Founding of modern Singapore East India Company East India Company collapse Indian Rebellion of 1857 British Raj British Raj Straits Settlements Straits Settlements
7 During the Second World War , Singapore was occupied by Japan . the Second World War World War II occupied by Japan Japanese occupation of Singapore
8 It gained independence from the UK in 1963 by federating with other former British territories to form Malaysia , but separated two years later over ideological differences , becoming a sovereign nation in 1965 . Malaysia Malaysia ideological differences Singapore in Malaysia
9 After early years of turbulence , and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland , the nation developed rapidly as an Asian Tiger economy , based on external trade and its workforce . turbulence History of the Republic of Singapore#1965 to 1979 hinterland hinterland Asian Tiger Four Asian Tigers workforce human capital
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12 Singapore is a global commerce , finance and transport hub .
13 Its standings include : the most `` technology-ready '' nation -LRB- WEF -RRB- , top International-meetings city -LRB- UIA -RRB- , city with `` best investment potential '' -LRB- BERI -RRB- , second-most competitive country , third-largest foreign exchange market , third-largest financial centre , third-largest oil refining and trading centre , and the second-busiest container port . most competitive country Global Competitiveness Report
14 The country has also been identified as a tax haven .
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17 Singapore ranks 5th on the UN Human Development Index and the 3rd highest GDP per capita . Human Development Index List of countries by Human Development Index highest GDP per capita List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
18 It is ranked highly in education , healthcare , life expectancy , quality of life , personal safety , and housing . education Education in Singapore healthcare Healthcare in Singapore
19 Although income inequality is high , 90 % of homes are owner-occupied . income inequality is high List of countries by income equality
20 38 % of Singapore 's 5.6 million residents are permanent residents and other foreign nationals .
21 There are four official languages : English -LRB- common and first language -RRB- , Malay , Mandarin , Tamil ; almost all Singaporeans are bilingual . English English language Malay Malay language Mandarin Standard Chinese Tamil Tamil language languages Languages of Singapore
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24 Singapore is a unitary multiparty parliamentary republic , with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government . parliamentary Parliamentary system republic republic unitary Unitary state parliamentary republic parliamentary republic Westminster system Westminster system unicameral Unicameralism
25 The People 's Action Party has won every election since self-government in 1959 .
26 The dominance of the PAP , coupled with a low level of press freedom and restrictions on civil liberties and political rights , has led to Singapore being classified by some as a semi-authoritarian regime . low level of press freedom Press Freedom Index restrictions on civil liberties and political rights Freedom in the World semi-authoritarian regime Democracy Index
27 One of the five founding members of the ASEAN , Singapore is also the host of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation -LRB- APEC -RRB- Secretariat , and a member of the East Asia Summit , Non-Aligned Movement , and the Commonwealth of Nations . ASEAN ASEAN Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation East Asia Summit East Asia Summit Non-Aligned Movement Non-Aligned Movement Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth of Nations
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Spider | Spiders -LRB- order Araneae -RRB- are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom . They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all other orders of organisms . Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica , and have become established in nearly every habitat with the exceptions of air and sea colonization . , at least 45,700 spider species , and 113 families have been recorded by taxonomists . However , there has been dissension within the scientific community as to how all these families should be classified , as evidenced by the over 20 different classifications that have been proposed since 1900 . Anatomically , spiders differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata , the cephalothorax and abdomen , and joined by a small , cylindrical pedicel . Unlike insects , spiders do not have antennae . In all except the most primitive group , the Mesothelae , spiders have the most centralized nervous systems of all arthropods , as all their ganglia are fused into one mass in the cephalothorax . Unlike most arthropods , spiders have no extensor muscles in their limbs and instead extend them by hydraulic pressure . Their abdomens bear appendages that have been modified into spinnerets that extrude silk from up to six types of glands . Spider webs vary widely in size , shape and the amount of sticky thread used . It now appears that the spiral orb web may be one of the earliest forms , and spiders that produce tangled cobwebs are more abundant and diverse than orb-web spiders . Spider-like arachnids with silk-producing spigots appeared in the Devonian period about , but these animals apparently lacked spinnerets . True spiders have been found in Carboniferous rocks from , and are very similar to the most primitive surviving suborder , the Mesothelae . The main groups of modern spiders , Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae , first appeared in the Triassic period , before . A herbivorous species , Bagheera kiplingi , was described in 2008 , but all other known species are predators , mostly preying on insects and on other spiders , although a few large species also take birds and lizards . It is estimated that the world 's 25 million tons of spiders kill 400 -- 800 million tons of prey per year . Spiders use a wide range of strategies to capture prey : trapping it in sticky webs , lassoing it with sticky bolas , mimicking the prey to avoid detection , or running it down . Most detect prey mainly by sensing vibrations , but the active hunters have acute vision , and hunters of the genus Portia show signs of intelligence in their choice of tactics and ability to develop new ones . Spiders ' guts are too narrow to take solids , and they liquefy their food by flooding it with digestive enzymes . They also grind food with the bases of their pedipalps , as arachnids do not have the mandibles that crustaceans and insects have . Male spiders identify themselves by a variety of complex courtship rituals to avoid being eaten by the females . Males of most species survive a few matings , limited mainly by their short life spans . Females weave silk egg-cases , each of which may contain hundreds of eggs . Females of many species care for their young , for example by carrying them around or by sharing food with them . A minority of species are social , building communal webs that may house anywhere from a few to 50,000 individuals . Social behavior ranges from precarious toleration , as in the widow spiders , to co-operative hunting and food-sharing . Although most spiders live for at most two years , tarantulas and other mygalomorph spiders can live up to 25 years in captivity . While the venom of a few species is dangerous to humans , scientists are now researching the use of spider venom in medicine and as non-polluting pesticides . Spider silk provides a combination of lightness , strength and elasticity that is superior to that of synthetic materials , and spider silk genes have been inserted into mammals and plants to see if these can be used as silk factories . As a result of their wide range of behaviors , spiders have become common symbols in art and mythology symbolizing various combinations of patience , cruelty and creative powers . An abnormal fear of spiders is called arachnophobia . | 0 Spiders -LRB- order Araneae -RRB- are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom . order order (biology) venom venom
1 They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all other orders of organisms . order order (biology) orders Order (biology) species species (biology)
2 Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica , and have become established in nearly every habitat with the exceptions of air and sea colonization . Antarctica Antarctica habitat habitat
3 , at least 45,700 spider species , and 113 families have been recorded by taxonomists . species species (biology) families Family (biology) taxonomists Taxonomy (biology)
4 However , there has been dissension within the scientific community as to how all these families should be classified , as evidenced by the over 20 different classifications that have been proposed since 1900 . families Family (biology) scientific community scientific community
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7 Anatomically , spiders differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata , the cephalothorax and abdomen , and joined by a small , cylindrical pedicel . segments segmentation (biology) tagmata Tagma (biology) cephalothorax cephalothorax abdomen abdomen pedicel pedicel (spider)
8 Unlike insects , spiders do not have antennae . antennae Antenna (biology)
9 In all except the most primitive group , the Mesothelae , spiders have the most centralized nervous systems of all arthropods , as all their ganglia are fused into one mass in the cephalothorax . Mesothelae Mesothelae cephalothorax cephalothorax ganglia ganglion
10 Unlike most arthropods , spiders have no extensor muscles in their limbs and instead extend them by hydraulic pressure . extensor extensor hydraulic hydraulic
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13 Their abdomens bear appendages that have been modified into spinnerets that extrude silk from up to six types of glands . spinnerets Spinneret (spider) silk spider silk
14 Spider webs vary widely in size , shape and the amount of sticky thread used .
15 It now appears that the spiral orb web may be one of the earliest forms , and spiders that produce tangled cobwebs are more abundant and diverse than orb-web spiders .
16 Spider-like arachnids with silk-producing spigots appeared in the Devonian period about , but these animals apparently lacked spinnerets . spinnerets Spinneret (spider) silk spider silk Devonian Devonian period Period (geology)
17 True spiders have been found in Carboniferous rocks from , and are very similar to the most primitive surviving suborder , the Mesothelae . Mesothelae Mesothelae Carboniferous Carboniferous suborder order (biology)
18 The main groups of modern spiders , Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae , first appeared in the Triassic period , before . period Period (geology) Mygalomorphae Mygalomorphae Araneomorphae Araneomorphae
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21 A herbivorous species , Bagheera kiplingi , was described in 2008 , but all other known species are predators , mostly preying on insects and on other spiders , although a few large species also take birds and lizards . species species (biology) herbivorous Herbivory Bagheera kiplingi Bagheera kiplingi
22 It is estimated that the world 's 25 million tons of spiders kill 400 -- 800 million tons of prey per year .
23 Spiders use a wide range of strategies to capture prey : trapping it in sticky webs , lassoing it with sticky bolas , mimicking the prey to avoid detection , or running it down . bolas bolas
24 Most detect prey mainly by sensing vibrations , but the active hunters have acute vision , and hunters of the genus Portia show signs of intelligence in their choice of tactics and ability to develop new ones . genus genus Portia Portia (spider)
25 Spiders ' guts are too narrow to take solids , and they liquefy their food by flooding it with digestive enzymes .
26 They also grind food with the bases of their pedipalps , as arachnids do not have the mandibles that crustaceans and insects have .
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29 Male spiders identify themselves by a variety of complex courtship rituals to avoid being eaten by the females . courtship courtship
30 Males of most species survive a few matings , limited mainly by their short life spans . species species (biology)
31 Females weave silk egg-cases , each of which may contain hundreds of eggs . silk spider silk
32 Females of many species care for their young , for example by carrying them around or by sharing food with them . species species (biology)
33 A minority of species are social , building communal webs that may house anywhere from a few to 50,000 individuals . species species (biology)
34 Social behavior ranges from precarious toleration , as in the widow spiders , to co-operative hunting and food-sharing . widow spiders Latrodectus
35 Although most spiders live for at most two years , tarantulas and other mygalomorph spiders can live up to 25 years in captivity . mygalomorph Mygalomorphae
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38 While the venom of a few species is dangerous to humans , scientists are now researching the use of spider venom in medicine and as non-polluting pesticides . venom venom species species (biology)
39 Spider silk provides a combination of lightness , strength and elasticity that is superior to that of synthetic materials , and spider silk genes have been inserted into mammals and plants to see if these can be used as silk factories . silk spider silk elasticity elasticity (physics)
40 As a result of their wide range of behaviors , spiders have become common symbols in art and mythology symbolizing various combinations of patience , cruelty and creative powers . mythology mythology
41 An abnormal fear of spiders is called arachnophobia . arachnophobia arachnophobia
42 |
Somalia | Somalia -LRB- -LSB- səˈmɑːliə , _ soʊ - , _ - ljə -RSB- ; Soomaaliya الصومال -RRB- , officially the Federal Republic of Somalia -LRB- Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya , جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية -RRB- , is a country located in the Horn of Africa . It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west , Djibouti to the northwest , the Gulf of Aden to the north , the Indian Ocean to the east , and Kenya to the southwest . Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa 's mainland , and its terrain consists mainly of plateaus , plains and highlands . Climatically , hot conditions prevail year-round , with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall . Somalia has an estimated population of around 16.3 million . Around 85 % of its residents are ethnic Somalis , who have historically inhabited the northern part of the country . Ethnic minorities are largely concentrated in the southern regions . The official languages of Somalia are Somali and Arabic , both of which belong to the Afroasiatic family . Most people in the country are Muslim , with the majority being Sunni . In antiquity , Somalia was an important commercial centre . It is among the most probable locations of the fabled ancient Land of Punt . During the Middle Ages , several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade , including the Ajuran Empire , the Adal Sultanate , the Warsangali Sultanate , and the Geledi Sultanate . In the late 19th century , through a succession of treaties with these kingdoms , the British and Italian empires gained control of parts of the coast and established the colonies of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland . In the interior , Mohammed Abdullah Hassan 's Dervish State repelled the British Empire four times and forced it to retreat to the coastal region , before succumbing to defeat in 1920 by British airpower . The toponym Somalia was coined by the Italian explorer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti -LRB- 1855 -- 1926 -RRB- . Italy acquired full control of the northeastern , central and southern parts of the area after successfully waging the so-called Campaign of the Sultanates against the ruling Majeerteen Sultanate and Sultanate of Hobyo . Italian occupation lasted until 1941 , yielding to British military administration . British Somaliland would remain a protectorate , while Italian Somaliland in 1949 became a United Nations Trusteeship under Italian administration , the Trust Territory of Somaliland . In 1960 , the two regions united to form the independent Somali Republic under a civilian government . The Supreme Revolutionary Council seized power in 1969 and established the Somali Democratic Republic . Led by Mohamed Siad Barre , this government later collapsed in 1991 as the Somali Civil War broke out . Various armed factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum , particularly in the south . During this period , due to the absence of a central government , Somalia was a `` failed state '' , and residents returned to customary and religious law in most regions . A few autonomous regions , including the Somaliland and Puntland administrations emerged in the north . The early 2000s saw the creation of fledgling interim federal administrations . The Transitional National Government -LRB- TNG -RRB- was established in 2000 , followed by the formation of the Transitional Federal Government -LRB- TFG -RRB- in 2004 , which reestablished national institutions such as the military . In 2006 , the TFG , assisted by Ethiopian troops , assumed control of most of the nation 's southern conflict zones from the newly formed Islamic Courts Union -LRB- ICU -RRB- . The ICU subsequently splintered into more radical groups such as Al-Shabaab , which battled the TFG and its AMISOM allies for control of the region . By mid-2012 , the insurgents had lost most of the territory that they had seized . In 2011 -- 2012 , a political process providing benchmarks for the establishment of permanent democratic institutions was launched . Within this administrative framework a new provisional constitution was passed in August 2012 , which reformed Somalia as a federation . Following the end of the TFG 's interim mandate the same month , the Federal Government of Somalia , the first permanent central government in the country since the start of the civil war , was formed and a period of reconstruction began in Mogadishu . Somalia has maintained an informal economy , mainly based on livestock , remittances from Somalis working abroad , and telecommunications . | 0 Somalia -LRB- -LSB- səˈmɑːliə , _ soʊ - , _ - ljə -RSB- ; Soomaaliya الصومال -RRB- , officially the Federal Republic of Somalia -LRB- Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya , جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية -RRB- , is a country located in the Horn of Africa . Federal Federation Horn of Africa Horn of Africa Africa Africa
1 It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west , Djibouti to the northwest , the Gulf of Aden to the north , the Indian Ocean to the east , and Kenya to the southwest . Ethiopia Ethiopia Djibouti Djibouti Gulf of Aden Gulf of Aden Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Kenya Kenya
2 Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa 's mainland , and its terrain consists mainly of plateaus , plains and highlands . Africa Africa
3 Climatically , hot conditions prevail year-round , with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall .
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6 Somalia has an estimated population of around 16.3 million .
7 Around 85 % of its residents are ethnic Somalis , who have historically inhabited the northern part of the country . ethnic Somalis Somalis
8 Ethnic minorities are largely concentrated in the southern regions .
9 The official languages of Somalia are Somali and Arabic , both of which belong to the Afroasiatic family . Somali Somali language Arabic Arabic language Afroasiatic Afroasiatic languages
10 Most people in the country are Muslim , with the majority being Sunni . Muslim Muslim Sunni Sunni Islam
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12
13 In antiquity , Somalia was an important commercial centre .
14 It is among the most probable locations of the fabled ancient Land of Punt . Land of Punt Land of Punt
15 During the Middle Ages , several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade , including the Ajuran Empire , the Adal Sultanate , the Warsangali Sultanate , and the Geledi Sultanate . Somali Somali language Adal Sultanate Adal Sultanate Warsangali Sultanate Warsangali Sultanate Ajuran Empire Ajuran Sultanate Geledi Sultanate Geledi Sultanate
16 In the late 19th century , through a succession of treaties with these kingdoms , the British and Italian empires gained control of parts of the coast and established the colonies of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland . British Somaliland British Somaliland Italian Somaliland Italian Somaliland Somaliland Somaliland
17 In the interior , Mohammed Abdullah Hassan 's Dervish State repelled the British Empire four times and forced it to retreat to the coastal region , before succumbing to defeat in 1920 by British airpower . Mohammed Abdullah Hassan Mohammed Abdullah Hassan Dervish State Dervish State repelled Dervish War defeat in 1920 Somaliland campaign (1920)
18 The toponym Somalia was coined by the Italian explorer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti -LRB- 1855 -- 1926 -RRB- . Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti
19 Italy acquired full control of the northeastern , central and southern parts of the area after successfully waging the so-called Campaign of the Sultanates against the ruling Majeerteen Sultanate and Sultanate of Hobyo . Majeerteen Sultanate Majeerteen Sultanate Sultanate of Hobyo Sultanate of Hobyo Campaign of the Sultanates History of Somalia#20th century
20 Italian occupation lasted until 1941 , yielding to British military administration . military Military of Somalia
21 British Somaliland would remain a protectorate , while Italian Somaliland in 1949 became a United Nations Trusteeship under Italian administration , the Trust Territory of Somaliland . British Somaliland British Somaliland Italian Somaliland Italian Somaliland Trust Territory of Somaliland Trust Territory of Somaliland Somaliland Somaliland
22 In 1960 , the two regions united to form the independent Somali Republic under a civilian government . Somali Somali language Somali Republic Somali Republic
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25 The Supreme Revolutionary Council seized power in 1969 and established the Somali Democratic Republic . Somali Somali language Supreme Revolutionary Council Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia) Somali Democratic Republic Somali Democratic Republic
26 Led by Mohamed Siad Barre , this government later collapsed in 1991 as the Somali Civil War broke out . Somali Somali language Mohamed Siad Barre Mohamed Siad Barre Somali Civil War Somali Civil War
27 Various armed factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum , particularly in the south .
28 During this period , due to the absence of a central government , Somalia was a `` failed state '' , and residents returned to customary and religious law in most regions . failed state failed state customary Xeer religious law Sharia
29 A few autonomous regions , including the Somaliland and Puntland administrations emerged in the north . autonomous regions States and regions of Somalia Somaliland Somaliland Puntland Puntland
30 The early 2000s saw the creation of fledgling interim federal administrations .
31 The Transitional National Government -LRB- TNG -RRB- was established in 2000 , followed by the formation of the Transitional Federal Government -LRB- TFG -RRB- in 2004 , which reestablished national institutions such as the military . Federal Federation Transitional National Government Transitional National Government Transitional Federal Government Transitional Federal Government military Military of Somalia
32 In 2006 , the TFG , assisted by Ethiopian troops , assumed control of most of the nation 's southern conflict zones from the newly formed Islamic Courts Union -LRB- ICU -RRB- . Islamic Courts Union Islamic Courts Union
33 The ICU subsequently splintered into more radical groups such as Al-Shabaab , which battled the TFG and its AMISOM allies for control of the region . Al-Shabaab Al-Shabaab (militant group) AMISOM AMISOM
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36 By mid-2012 , the insurgents had lost most of the territory that they had seized .
37 In 2011 -- 2012 , a political process providing benchmarks for the establishment of permanent democratic institutions was launched .
38 Within this administrative framework a new provisional constitution was passed in August 2012 , which reformed Somalia as a federation . constitution Constitution of Somalia federation federation
39 Following the end of the TFG 's interim mandate the same month , the Federal Government of Somalia , the first permanent central government in the country since the start of the civil war , was formed and a period of reconstruction began in Mogadishu . Mogadishu Mogadishu Federal Federation Federal Government of Somalia Federal Government of Somalia
40 Somalia has maintained an informal economy , mainly based on livestock , remittances from Somalis working abroad , and telecommunications . informal economy informal economy
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Solange_Knowles | Solange Piaget Knowles -LRB- -LSB- soʊˈlɑːnʒ -RSB- born June 24 , 1986 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , model and actress . Expressing an interest in music from an early age , Knowles had several temporary stints in Destiny 's Child , before signing with her father Mathew Knowles 's Music World Entertainment label . At age 16 , Knowles released her first studio album Solo Star -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Between 2005 and 2007 , Knowles had several minor acting roles , including the direct-to-video Bring It On : All or Nothing -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and continued writing music for her older sister Beyoncé Knowles-Carter and for ex-Destiny 's Child group members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams . In 2007 , Knowles began to record music again . Her second studio album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams -LRB- 2008 -RRB- deviated from the pop-oriented music of her debut to the Motown Sound of the 1960s and 1970s . It peaked at number nine on US Billboard 200 and received positive reviews from critics . She followed this up with the 1980s pop and R&B -- inspired extended play True -LRB- 2012 -RRB- on Columbia Records and her imprint Saint Records . Her third studio album , A Seat at the Table -LRB- 2016 -RRB- became her first number-one album in the United States . The album 's first single , `` Cranes in the Sky '' won the Grammy for Best R&B Performance . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 100th most successful dance artist of all-time . Knowles is heavily influenced by Motown girl groups and says that her first passion is songwriting . She is frequently compared by the media to her sister , Beyoncé , but Solange insists they have different aspirations and are musically different . Her other ventures include an endorsement deal with Rimmel London and a line of hip-hop-oriented merchandise for young children . On November 16 , 2014 , Knowles married music video director Alan Ferguson in New Orleans , Louisiana . | 0 Solange Piaget Knowles -LRB- -LSB- soʊˈlɑːnʒ -RSB- born June 24 , 1986 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , model and actress .
1 Expressing an interest in music from an early age , Knowles had several temporary stints in Destiny 's Child , before signing with her father Mathew Knowles 's Music World Entertainment label . Mathew Knowles Mathew Knowles Music World Music World Entertainment Music World Entertainment Music World Entertainment
2 At age 16 , Knowles released her first studio album Solo Star -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . Solo Star Solo Star
3 Between 2005 and 2007 , Knowles had several minor acting roles , including the direct-to-video Bring It On : All or Nothing -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and continued writing music for her older sister Beyoncé Knowles-Carter and for ex-Destiny 's Child group members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams . Beyoncé Knowles-Carter Beyoncé Knowles-Carter Kelly Rowland Kelly Rowland Michelle Williams Michelle Williams (singer)
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6 In 2007 , Knowles began to record music again .
7 Her second studio album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams -LRB- 2008 -RRB- deviated from the pop-oriented music of her debut to the Motown Sound of the 1960s and 1970s . Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams Motown Motown
8 It peaked at number nine on US Billboard 200 and received positive reviews from critics .
9 She followed this up with the 1980s pop and R&B -- inspired extended play True -LRB- 2012 -RRB- on Columbia Records and her imprint Saint Records . R&B Contemporary R&B Saint Saint Records Columbia Columbia Records 1980s 1980s music True True (EP) Columbia Records Columbia Records Saint Records Saint Records
10 Her third studio album , A Seat at the Table -LRB- 2016 -RRB- became her first number-one album in the United States . A Seat at the Table A Seat at the Table
11 The album 's first single , `` Cranes in the Sky '' won the Grammy for Best R&B Performance . R&B Contemporary R&B Cranes in the Sky Cranes in the Sky Best R&B Performance Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance
12 In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 100th most successful dance artist of all-time . Billboard magazine Billboard (magazine)
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15 Knowles is heavily influenced by Motown girl groups and says that her first passion is songwriting . Motown Motown
16 She is frequently compared by the media to her sister , Beyoncé , but Solange insists they have different aspirations and are musically different .
17 Her other ventures include an endorsement deal with Rimmel London and a line of hip-hop-oriented merchandise for young children . Rimmel London Rimmel
18 On November 16 , 2014 , Knowles married music video director Alan Ferguson in New Orleans , Louisiana . New Orleans New Orleans Alan Ferguson Alan Ferguson (director)
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Snooki | Nicole Elizabeth `` Snooki '' LaValle -LRB- née Polizzi ; born November 23 , 1987 -RRB- is an American reality television personality , author , dancer and professional wrestler who is best known for being a cast member of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore and starring in Snooki & Jwoww . Since the show 's debut in 2009 , Polizzi has gained popularity by appearing on talk shows including The View , The Ellen DeGeneres Show , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , Late Show with David Letterman , and The Wendy Williams Show . She earned $ 150,000 per Jersey Shore episode for the last two seasons . She also appeared as the guest hostess for WWE Raw in 2011 and competed at WrestleMania XXVII that same year . | 0 Nicole Elizabeth `` Snooki '' LaValle -LRB- née Polizzi ; born November 23 , 1987 -RRB- is an American reality television personality , author , dancer and professional wrestler who is best known for being a cast member of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore and starring in Snooki & Jwoww . reality television reality television personality Television presenter author author dancer dancer professional wrestler professional wrestler MTV MTV Jersey Shore Jersey Shore (TV series) Snooki & Jwoww Snooki & Jwoww
1 Since the show 's debut in 2009 , Polizzi has gained popularity by appearing on talk shows including The View , The Ellen DeGeneres Show , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! The View The View (U.S. TV series) The Ellen DeGeneres Show The Ellen DeGeneres Show
2 , Late Show with David Letterman , and The Wendy Williams Show . Late Show with David Letterman Late Show with David Letterman The Wendy Williams Show The Wendy Williams Show
3 She earned $ 150,000 per Jersey Shore episode for the last two seasons . Jersey Shore Jersey Shore (TV series)
4 She also appeared as the guest hostess for WWE Raw in 2011 and competed at WrestleMania XXVII that same year . WWE Raw WWE Raw WrestleMania XXVII WrestleMania XXVII
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SpaceX | Space Exploration Technologies Corporation , better known as SpaceX , is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne , California . It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars . SpaceX has since developed the Falcon launch vehicle family and the Dragon spacecraft family , which both currently deliver payloads into Earth orbit . SpaceX 's achievements include the first privately funded liquid-propellant rocket to reach orbit -LRB- Falcon 1 in 2008 -RRB- ; the first privately funded company to successfully launch , orbit , and recover a spacecraft -LRB- Dragon in 2010 -RRB- ; the first private company to send a spacecraft to the International Space Station -LRB- Dragon in 2012 -RRB- ; the first propulsive landing for an orbital rocket -LRB- Falcon 9 in 2015 -RRB- ; and the first reuse of an orbital rocket -LRB- Falcon 9 in 2017 -RRB- . , SpaceX has since flown ten missions to the International Space Station -LRB- ISS -RRB- under a cargo resupply contract . NASA also awarded SpaceX a further development contract in 2011 to develop and demonstrate a human-rated Dragon , which would be used to transport astronauts to the ISS and return them safely to Earth . SpaceX announced in 2011 that they were beginning a privately funded reusable launch system technology development program . In December 2015 , a first stage was flown back to a landing pad near the launch site , where it successfully accomplished a propulsive vertical landing . This was the first such achievement by a rocket for orbital spaceflight . In April 2016 , with the launch of CRS-8 , SpaceX successfully vertically landed a first stage on an ocean drone-ship landing platform . In May 2016 , in another first , SpaceX again landed a first stage , but during a significantly more energetic geostationary transfer orbit mission . In March 2017 , SpaceX became the first to successfully re-launch and land the first stage of an orbital rocket . In September 2016 , CEO Elon Musk unveiled the mission architecture of the Interplanetary Transport System program , an ambitious privately funded initiative to develop spaceflight technology for use in manned interplanetary spaceflight , and which , if demand emerges , could lead to sustainable human settlements on Mars over the long term . This is the main purpose this System was designed for . In 2017 , Elon Musk announced that the company had been contracted by two private individuals to send them in a Dragon spacecraft on a free return trajectory around the Moon . Provisionally launching in 2018 , this could become the first instance of lunar tourism . | 0 Space Exploration Technologies Corporation , better known as SpaceX , is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne , California . Hawthorne Hawthorne, California California California aerospace manufacturer aerospace manufacturer space transport space transport
1 It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars . Elon Musk Elon Musk colonization of Mars colonization of Mars
2 SpaceX has since developed the Falcon launch vehicle family and the Dragon spacecraft family , which both currently deliver payloads into Earth orbit . Falcon Falcon (rocket family) Dragon SpaceX Dragon Earth orbit Geocentric orbit
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5 SpaceX 's achievements include the first privately funded liquid-propellant rocket to reach orbit -LRB- Falcon 1 in 2008 -RRB- ; the first privately funded company to successfully launch , orbit , and recover a spacecraft -LRB- Dragon in 2010 -RRB- ; the first private company to send a spacecraft to the International Space Station -LRB- Dragon in 2012 -RRB- ; the first propulsive landing for an orbital rocket -LRB- Falcon 9 in 2015 -RRB- ; and the first reuse of an orbital rocket -LRB- Falcon 9 in 2017 -RRB- . Falcon Falcon (rocket family) Dragon SpaceX Dragon liquid-propellant rocket liquid-propellant rocket International Space Station International Space Station
6 , SpaceX has since flown ten missions to the International Space Station -LRB- ISS -RRB- under a cargo resupply contract . International Space Station International Space Station cargo resupply contract Commercial Resupply Services
7 NASA also awarded SpaceX a further development contract in 2011 to develop and demonstrate a human-rated Dragon , which would be used to transport astronauts to the ISS and return them safely to Earth . Dragon SpaceX Dragon a further development contract Commercial Crew Development human-rated human-rating certification
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10 SpaceX announced in 2011 that they were beginning a privately funded reusable launch system technology development program . reusable launch system technology development program SpaceX reusable launch system development program
11 In December 2015 , a first stage was flown back to a landing pad near the launch site , where it successfully accomplished a propulsive vertical landing . vertical landing VTVL
12 This was the first such achievement by a rocket for orbital spaceflight . orbital spaceflight orbital spaceflight
13 In April 2016 , with the launch of CRS-8 , SpaceX successfully vertically landed a first stage on an ocean drone-ship landing platform . CRS-8 CRS-8 drone-ship Autonomous spaceport drone ship
14 In May 2016 , in another first , SpaceX again landed a first stage , but during a significantly more energetic geostationary transfer orbit mission . geostationary transfer orbit geostationary transfer orbit
15 In March 2017 , SpaceX became the first to successfully re-launch and land the first stage of an orbital rocket .
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18 In September 2016 , CEO Elon Musk unveiled the mission architecture of the Interplanetary Transport System program , an ambitious privately funded initiative to develop spaceflight technology for use in manned interplanetary spaceflight , and which , if demand emerges , could lead to sustainable human settlements on Mars over the long term . Elon Musk Elon Musk CEO Chief executive officer Interplanetary Transport System Interplanetary Transport System interplanetary spaceflight interplanetary spaceflight demand demand (economics)
19 This is the main purpose this System was designed for .
20 In 2017 , Elon Musk announced that the company had been contracted by two private individuals to send them in a Dragon spacecraft on a free return trajectory around the Moon . Elon Musk Elon Musk Dragon SpaceX Dragon free return trajectory free return trajectory Moon Moon
21 Provisionally launching in 2018 , this could become the first instance of lunar tourism . lunar tourism tourism on the Moon
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Sports_car | A sports car , or sportscar , is a small , usually two-seater , two-door automobile designed for spirited performance and nimble handling . The term `` sports car '' was used in The Times , London in 1919 . According to USA 's Merriam-Webster dictionary , USA 's first known use of the term was in 1928 . Sports cars started to become popular during the 1920s . Sports cars may be spartan or luxurious , but high maneuverability and light weight are requisite . Sports cars are usually aerodynamically shaped -LRB- since the 1950s -RRB- , and have a low center of gravity compared to standard models . Steering and suspension are typically designed for precise control at high speeds . Traditionally sports cars were open roadsters , but closed coupés also started to become popular during the 1930s , and the distinction between a sports car and a grand tourer is not absolute . | 0 A sports car , or sportscar , is a small , usually two-seater , two-door automobile designed for spirited performance and nimble handling . automobile automobile
1 The term `` sports car '' was used in The Times , London in 1919 .
2 According to USA 's Merriam-Webster dictionary , USA 's first known use of the term was in 1928 .
3 Sports cars started to become popular during the 1920s .
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6 Sports cars may be spartan or luxurious , but high maneuverability and light weight are requisite .
7 Sports cars are usually aerodynamically shaped -LRB- since the 1950s -RRB- , and have a low center of gravity compared to standard models .
8 Steering and suspension are typically designed for precise control at high speeds .
9 Traditionally sports cars were open roadsters , but closed coupés also started to become popular during the 1930s , and the distinction between a sports car and a grand tourer is not absolute . roadsters Roadster (automobile) coupés Coupé grand tourer grand tourer
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South_Korea | South Korea , officially the Republic of Korea -LRB- ROK ; -RRB- , is a sovereign state in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula . Officially , its territory consists of the whole Korean Peninsula and its adjacent islands , which are largely mountainous . South Koreans lead a distinctive urban lifestyle , as half of them live in high-rises concentrated in the Seoul Capital Area with 25 million residents and the world 's sixth leading global city with the fourth largest economy and seventh most sustainable city in the world . The earliest neolithic Korean pottery dates to 8000 BC , with three kingdoms flourishing in the 1st century BC . The name Korea is derived from one of them , Goguryeo , also known as Koryŏ , which was a Han Chinese tributary state kingdom in East Asia that sent yearly tribute to the Emperor of China , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula and a small portion of Siberia and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Since their unification into Later Silla and Balhae in the 7th century , Korea enjoyed over a millennium of relative tranquility under long lasting dynasties . Under Sejong the Great in the 15th century , Koreans had one of the highest living standards in the world along with the Han Chinese and Japanese and developed improved versions many advanced innovations such as the metal movable type printing press in 1377 A.D. which was developed based on the previous Han Chinese Porcelain movable type printing press , used to print and publish the Jikji , the world 's oldest extant movable metal type printed paper book using the 8,000 year old traditional ancient Chinese writing system . Additionally , in 1443 Hangul was invented by the Korean King Sejong the Great as an easier alternative to the complex and difficult to learn ancient Chinese writing system which was usually reserved for elite academic scholars preparing for the imperial examinations of China . Hangul enabled anyone in the general Korean population to easily learn to read and write and transfer written information rather than spending years learning complicated ancient Chinese . Its rich and vibrant culture left 19 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity , the third largest in the world , along with 12 World Heritage Sites . Annexed into Imperial Japan in 1910 , Korea was divided after its surrender in 1945 , but a North Korean invasion led to the Korean War -LRB- 1950 -- 1953 -RRB- . Peace has since mostly continued with the two agreeing to work peacefully for reunification and the South solidifying peace as a regional power with the world 's 10th largest defence budget . South Korea , along with Taiwan , Singapore and Hong Kong -LRB- China -RRB- is one of the four high-tech industrialized developed countries often referred to as the Four Asian Economic Dragons . The South Korean economy soared at an annual average of 10 % for over 30 years in a period of rapid transformation called the Miracle on the Han River . A long legacy of openness and focus on innovation made it successful . Today , it is the world 's seventh largest advanced economy and fifth largest exporter with the G20 's largest budget surplus and highest credit rating of any country in East Asia . It has free trade agreements with 75 % of the world economy and is the only G20 nation trading freely with China , the US and the EU simultaneously . Since 1988 , its constitution guarantees a liberal democracy with high government transparency and many fundamental rights such as universal healthcare . High personal freedoms led to the rise of a globally influential pop culture such as K-pop and K-drama , a phenomenon called the Korean Wave , known for its distinctive fashionable and trendy style . Home of the UN Green Climate Fund and GGGI , South Korea is a leader in low carbon green growth , committed to helping developing countries as a major DAC and Paris Club contributor . It is the world 's third least ignorant country in the Index of Ignorance , ranking eighth highest for peaceful tolerance and inclusion of minorities on the Fragile States Index . South Korea is a technologically advanced developed country driven by a highly educated and skilled workforce , having the world 's eighth highest median household income , the highest in Asia . Globally , it ranks highly in personal safety , job security , ease of doing business and healthcare quality , with the world 's third highest health adjusted life expectancy and fourth most efficient healthcare system . It is the world 's largest spender on R&D per GDP , leading the OECD in graduates in science and engineering and ranking third in the Youth Wellbeing Index . Home of Samsung , LG and Hyundai-Kia , South Korea was named the world 's most innovative country for 4 consecutive years since 2014 in the Bloomberg Innovation Index , ranking first in business R&D intensity , manufacturing value-added , patents filed per GDP , second in higher education efficiency and fourth in high-tech density and researcher concentration . In 2005 , it became the world 's first country to fully transition to high-speed Internet and today it has the world 's fastest Internet speed and highest smartphone ownership , ranking first in ICT Development , e-Government and 4G LTE coverage . | 0 South Korea , officially the Republic of Korea -LRB- ROK ; -RRB- , is a sovereign state in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula . Korean Koreans sovereign state sovereign state East Asia East Asia Korean Peninsula Korean Peninsula
1 Officially , its territory consists of the whole Korean Peninsula and its adjacent islands , which are largely mountainous . Korean Koreans Korean Peninsula Korean Peninsula its adjacent islands List of islands of Korea
2 South Koreans lead a distinctive urban lifestyle , as half of them live in high-rises concentrated in the Seoul Capital Area with 25 million residents and the world 's sixth leading global city with the fourth largest economy and seventh most sustainable city in the world . Seoul Seoul high-rises Tower block Seoul Capital Area Seoul Capital Area global city global city fourth largest economy List of cities by GDP sustainable city sustainable city
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5 The earliest neolithic Korean pottery dates to 8000 BC , with three kingdoms flourishing in the 1st century BC . Korean Koreans Korean pottery Korean pottery three kingdoms Three Kingdoms of Korea
6 The name Korea is derived from one of them , Goguryeo , also known as Koryŏ , which was a Han Chinese tributary state kingdom in East Asia that sent yearly tribute to the Emperor of China , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula and a small portion of Siberia and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Korean Koreans East Asia East Asia Korean Peninsula Korean Peninsula Goguryeo Goguryeo Han Chinese tributary state List of tributaries of Imperial China Emperor of China Emperor of China Siberia Siberia Gwanggaeto the Great Gwanggaeto the Great Han Chinese History of Science and Technology in China China China–South Korea Free Trade Agreement
7 Since their unification into Later Silla and Balhae in the 7th century , Korea enjoyed over a millennium of relative tranquility under long lasting dynasties . Later Silla Later Silla Balhae Balhae millennium millennium long lasting dynasties History of Korea
8 Under Sejong the Great in the 15th century , Koreans had one of the highest living standards in the world along with the Han Chinese and Japanese and developed improved versions many advanced innovations such as the metal movable type printing press in 1377 A.D. which was developed based on the previous Han Chinese Porcelain movable type printing press , used to print and publish the Jikji , the world 's oldest extant movable metal type printed paper book using the 8,000 year old traditional ancient Chinese writing system . Sejong the Great Sejong the Great Han Chinese History of Science and Technology in China Japanese Japanese people metal movable type printing press Movable type Porcelain Porcelain movable type printing press movable type Jikji Jikji paper paper book book ancient Chinese writing system Traditional Chinese characters
9 Additionally , in 1443 Hangul was invented by the Korean King Sejong the Great as an easier alternative to the complex and difficult to learn ancient Chinese writing system which was usually reserved for elite academic scholars preparing for the imperial examinations of China . Korean Koreans Hangul Hangul Sejong the Great Sejong the Great ancient Chinese writing system Traditional Chinese characters imperial examinations of China imperial examinations China China–South Korea Free Trade Agreement
10 Hangul enabled anyone in the general Korean population to easily learn to read and write and transfer written information rather than spending years learning complicated ancient Chinese . Korean Koreans Hangul Hangul
11 Its rich and vibrant culture left 19 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity , the third largest in the world , along with 12 World Heritage Sites . 19 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage third largest in the world Intangible cultural heritage#Intangible Cultural Heritage by country 12 World Heritage Sites List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea
12 Annexed into Imperial Japan in 1910 , Korea was divided after its surrender in 1945 , but a North Korean invasion led to the Korean War -LRB- 1950 -- 1953 -RRB- . Korean Koreans Japan Empire of Japan Annexed into Imperial Japan Korea under Japanese rule divided Division of Korea Korean War Korean War
13 Peace has since mostly continued with the two agreeing to work peacefully for reunification and the South solidifying peace as a regional power with the world 's 10th largest defence budget . agreeing to work peacefully for reunification June 15th North–South Joint Declaration regional power regional power 10th largest defence budget List of countries by military expenditures
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16 South Korea , along with Taiwan , Singapore and Hong Kong -LRB- China -RRB- is one of the four high-tech industrialized developed countries often referred to as the Four Asian Economic Dragons . Taiwan Taiwan Singapore Singapore industrialized industrialized developed countries developed countries Four Asian Economic Dragons Four Asian Tigers China China–South Korea Free Trade Agreement
17 The South Korean economy soared at an annual average of 10 % for over 30 years in a period of rapid transformation called the Miracle on the Han River . Korean Koreans South Korean Demographics of South Korea Miracle on the Han River Miracle on the Han River
18 A long legacy of openness and focus on innovation made it successful . focus on innovation History of science and technology in Korea
19 Today , it is the world 's seventh largest advanced economy and fifth largest exporter with the G20 's largest budget surplus and highest credit rating of any country in East Asia . East Asia East Asia seventh largest List of countries by GDP (PPP) advanced economy advanced economy fifth largest exporter List of countries by exports G20 G20 largest budget surplus List of government budgets by country highest credit rating List of countries by credit rating
20 It has free trade agreements with 75 % of the world economy and is the only G20 nation trading freely with China , the US and the EU simultaneously . G20 G20 free trade agreements free trade agreements China China–South Korea Free Trade Agreement US United States–Korea Free Trade Agreement EU European Union–South Korea Free Trade Agreement
21 Since 1988 , its constitution guarantees a liberal democracy with high government transparency and many fundamental rights such as universal healthcare . its constitution Constitution of South Korea liberal democracy liberal democracy high government transparency List of countries by consultation on rule-making universal healthcare Universal health coverage by country
22 High personal freedoms led to the rise of a globally influential pop culture such as K-pop and K-drama , a phenomenon called the Korean Wave , known for its distinctive fashionable and trendy style . Korean Koreans High personal freedoms Democracy Index influential pop culture Culture of South Korea K-pop K-pop K-drama Korean drama Korean Wave Korean Wave
23 Home of the UN Green Climate Fund and GGGI , South Korea is a leader in low carbon green growth , committed to helping developing countries as a major DAC and Paris Club contributor . UN UN Green Climate Fund Green Climate Fund GGGI Global Green Growth Institute low carbon low carbon green growth green growth developing countries developing countries DAC Development Assistance Committee Paris Club Paris Club
24 It is the world 's third least ignorant country in the Index of Ignorance , ranking eighth highest for peaceful tolerance and inclusion of minorities on the Fragile States Index . Ignorance Ignorance Fragile States Index Fragile States Index
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27 South Korea is a technologically advanced developed country driven by a highly educated and skilled workforce , having the world 's eighth highest median household income , the highest in Asia . developed country developed country highly educated Programme for International Student Assessment eighth highest median household income Median household income
28 Globally , it ranks highly in personal safety , job security , ease of doing business and healthcare quality , with the world 's third highest health adjusted life expectancy and fourth most efficient healthcare system . personal safety List of countries by intentional homicide rate job security List of OECD countries by job security ease of doing business Easiest place to do business healthcare quality List of countries by quality of health care third highest List of countries by life expectancy health adjusted life expectancy Healthy Life Years
29 It is the world 's largest spender on R&D per GDP , leading the OECD in graduates in science and engineering and ranking third in the Youth Wellbeing Index . largest spender on R&D per GDP List of countries by research and development spending OECD OECD Youth Youth Wellbeing Wellbeing
30 Home of Samsung , LG and Hyundai-Kia , South Korea was named the world 's most innovative country for 4 consecutive years since 2014 in the Bloomberg Innovation Index , ranking first in business R&D intensity , manufacturing value-added , patents filed per GDP , second in higher education efficiency and fourth in high-tech density and researcher concentration . Samsung Samsung LG LG Hyundai-Kia Hyundai Motor Group Bloomberg Innovation Index Bloomberg Innovation Index business R&D intensity List of countries by business R&D intensity value-added value-added patents filed per GDP World Intellectual Property Indicators higher education efficiency Higher education
31 In 2005 , it became the world 's first country to fully transition to high-speed Internet and today it has the world 's fastest Internet speed and highest smartphone ownership , ranking first in ICT Development , e-Government and 4G LTE coverage . first country Internet in South Korea high-speed Internet Broadband fastest Internet speed List of countries by average Internet connection speed highest smartphone ownership List of countries by smartphone penetration ICT Development ICT Development Index e-Government e-Government 4G LTE coverage List of countries by 4G LTE penetration
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Solo_Star | Solo Star is the debut album by American singer Solange Knowles , released by Columbia Records and Music World on December 26 , 2002 in Japan and January 21 , 2003 in the United States . It debuted and peaked at number forty-nine on the U.S. Billboard 200 and number twenty-three on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums in early February 2003 . Album produced two singles : `` Feelin ' You '' -LRB- featuring N.O.R.E. -RRB- and `` Crush '' -LRB- later renamed to `` Do n't Fight the Feeling '' -RRB- . `` Feelin ' You '' reached no. 73 on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip Hop Songs chart . | 0 Solo Star is the debut album by American singer Solange Knowles , released by Columbia Records and Music World on December 26 , 2002 in Japan and January 21 , 2003 in the United States . Solange Solange Knowles Columbia Columbia Records Music World Music World Entertainment Solange Knowles Solange Knowles Columbia Records Columbia Records Japan Japan
1 It debuted and peaked at number forty-nine on the U.S. Billboard 200 and number twenty-three on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums in early February 2003 . R&B Contemporary R&B
2 Album produced two singles : `` Feelin ' You '' -LRB- featuring N.O.R.E. -RRB- and `` Crush '' -LRB- later renamed to `` Do n't Fight the Feeling '' -RRB- . Crush Crush (Solange Knowles song)
3 `` Feelin ' You '' reached no. 73 on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip Hop Songs chart . R&B Contemporary R&B
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Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs_-LRB-1937_film-RRB- | Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and originally released by RKO Radio Pictures . Based on the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm , it is the first full-length cel animated feature film and the earliest Disney animated feature film . The story was adapted by storyboard artists Dorothy Ann Blank , Richard Creedon , Merrill De Maris , Otto Englander , Earl Hurd , Dick Rickard , Ted Sears and Webb Smith . David Hand was the supervising director , while William Cottrell , Wilfred Jackson , Larry Morey , Perce Pearce , and Ben Sharpsteen directed the film 's individual sequences . Snow White premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre on December 21 , 1937 , followed by a nationwide release on February 4 , 1938 . It was a critical and commercial success , and with international earnings of $ 8 million during its initial release briefly assumed the record of highest-grossing sound film at the time . The popularity of the film has led to it being re-released theatrically many times , until its home video release in the 1990s . Adjusted for inflation , it is one of the top ten performers at the North American box office . At the 11th Academy Awards , Walt Disney was awarded an honorary Oscar , and the film was nominated for Best Musical Score the year before . In 1989 , the United States Library of Congress deemed the film `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry and is ranked in the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 greatest American films , who also named the film as the greatest American animated film of all time in 2008 . Disney 's take on the fairy tale has had a significant cultural impact , resulting in popular theme park attractions , a video game , and a Broadway musical . | 0 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and originally released by RKO Radio Pictures . Snow White Snow White Walt Disney Walt Disney Walt Disney Productions Walt Disney Animation Studios RKO Radio Pictures RKO Pictures animated Animated film musical Musical film fantasy film fantasy film
1 Based on the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm , it is the first full-length cel animated feature film and the earliest Disney animated feature film . Brothers Grimm Brothers Grimm animated Animated film fairy tale Snow White cel animated Traditional animation Disney animated feature film List of Walt Disney Animation Studios films
2 The story was adapted by storyboard artists Dorothy Ann Blank , Richard Creedon , Merrill De Maris , Otto Englander , Earl Hurd , Dick Rickard , Ted Sears and Webb Smith . Ted Sears Ted Sears Earl Hurd Earl Hurd Merrill De Maris Merrill De Maris storyboard storyboard
3 David Hand was the supervising director , while William Cottrell , Wilfred Jackson , Larry Morey , Perce Pearce , and Ben Sharpsteen directed the film 's individual sequences . David Hand David Hand (animator) Wilfred Jackson Wilfred Jackson Larry Morey Larry Morey Perce Pearce Perce Pearce Ben Sharpsteen Ben Sharpsteen
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6 Snow White premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre on December 21 , 1937 , followed by a nationwide release on February 4 , 1938 . Snow White Snow White Carthay Circle Theatre Carthay Circle Theatre
7 It was a critical and commercial success , and with international earnings of $ 8 million during its initial release briefly assumed the record of highest-grossing sound film at the time . sound film sound film
8 The popularity of the film has led to it being re-released theatrically many times , until its home video release in the 1990s .
9 Adjusted for inflation , it is one of the top ten performers at the North American box office . top ten performers at the North American box office List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States#Adjusted for ticket-price inflation
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12 At the 11th Academy Awards , Walt Disney was awarded an honorary Oscar , and the film was nominated for Best Musical Score the year before . Walt Disney Walt Disney 11th Academy Awards 11th Academy Awards Best Musical Score Academy Award for Original Music Score
13 In 1989 , the United States Library of Congress deemed the film `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry and is ranked in the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 greatest American films , who also named the film as the greatest American animated film of all time in 2008 . animated Animated film Library of Congress Library of Congress National Film Registry National Film Registry American Film Institute American Film Institute list of the 100 greatest American films AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies the greatest American animated film of all time AFI's 10 Top 10
14 Disney 's take on the fairy tale has had a significant cultural impact , resulting in popular theme park attractions , a video game , and a Broadway musical . musical Musical film fairy tale Snow White theme park Amusement park video game video game Broadway musical Broadway theatre
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Splinter_-LRB-The_Offspring_album-RRB- | Splinter is the seventh studio album by American punk rock band The Offspring , released on December 9 , 2003 . It was the first album the band released without drummer Ron Welty and also the first to have a Parental Advisory label on some album covers , even though all of their previous albums contain profanity . Although not as successful as The Offspring 's albums between Smash and Conspiracy of One , Splinter received gold certification two months after its release . The album received average reviews , but still sold reasonably well . It debuted at 30 on the U.S. Billboard 200 with around 87,000 copies sold in its first week . `` Hit That '' and '' -LRB- Ca n't Get My -RRB- Head Around You '' were the only two singles to accompany this album . `` Spare Me the Details '' was also released as a single , but charted only in New Zealand . | 0 Splinter is the seventh studio album by American punk rock band The Offspring , released on December 9 , 2003 . The Offspring The Offspring punk rock punk rock
1 It was the first album the band released without drummer Ron Welty and also the first to have a Parental Advisory label on some album covers , even though all of their previous albums contain profanity . Ron Welty Ron Welty Parental Advisory Parental Advisory
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4 Although not as successful as The Offspring 's albums between Smash and Conspiracy of One , Splinter received gold certification two months after its release . The Offspring The Offspring Conspiracy of One Conspiracy of One Smash Smash (The Offspring album)
5 The album received average reviews , but still sold reasonably well .
6 It debuted at 30 on the U.S. Billboard 200 with around 87,000 copies sold in its first week .
7 `` Hit That '' and '' -LRB- Ca n't Get My -RRB- Head Around You '' were the only two singles to accompany this album . Hit That Hit That
8 `` Spare Me the Details '' was also released as a single , but charted only in New Zealand . Spare Me the Details Spare Me the Details New Zealand New Zealand
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Sitcom | A situation comedy , or sitcom , is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode . Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy , where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch , and stand-up comedy , where a comedian tells jokes and stories to an audience . Sitcoms originated in radio , but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms . This form can also include mockumentaries . A situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience , depending on the program 's production format . The effect of a live studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track . | 0 A situation comedy , or sitcom , is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode . genre genre comedy comedy
1 Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy , where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch , and stand-up comedy , where a comedian tells jokes and stories to an audience . comedy comedy sketch comedy sketch comedy stand-up comedy stand-up comedy
2 Sitcoms originated in radio , but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms . radio radio television television narrative narrative
3 This form can also include mockumentaries . mockumentaries Mockumentary
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6 A situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience , depending on the program 's production format . comedy comedy television television television program television program studio audience studio audience
7 The effect of a live studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track . studio audience studio audience laugh track laugh track
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Snoop_Dogg | Cordozar Calvin Broadus , Jr. -LRB- born October 20 , 1971 -RRB- , known professionally as Snoop Dogg -LRB- sometimes shortened to Snoop and formerly called Snoop Doggy Dogg and Snoop Lion -RRB- , is an American rapper and actor from Long Beach , California . His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre of N.W.A , and as a result was prominently featured throughout Dr. Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . He has since sold over twenty-three million albums in the United States and thirty-five million albums worldwide . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts . Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' and `` Gin & Juice '' . In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . His second album Tha Doggfather -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , also debuted at number one on both charts with `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , as the lead single . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums . Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , No Limit Top Dogg -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and Tha Last Meal -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss . He then signed with Geffen Records in 2004 for his next three albums R&G -LRB- Rhythm & Gangsta -RRB- : The Masterpiece , Tha Blue Carpet Treatment , and Ego Trippin ' . Malice 'n Wonderland -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , and Doggumentary -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , were released on Priority . Snoop Dogg has starred in motion pictures and hosted several television shows , including Doggy Fizzle Televizzle , Snoop Dogg 's Father Hood , and Dogg After Dark . He also coaches a youth football league and high school football team . In September 2009 , Snoop was hired by EMI as the chairman of a reactivated Priority Records . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated , and a documentary film of the same name , of his Jamaican experience , in early 2013 . His fourteenth solo studio album , Coolaid , was released in July 2016 . Snoop Dogg holds the dubious distinction of having seventeen Grammy nominations without a win . In March 2016 , the night before WrestleMania 32 in Arlington , Texas , Snoop was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame having made several appearances for the company , including as Master of Ceremonies during a match at Wrestlemania XXIV . | 0 Cordozar Calvin Broadus , Jr. -LRB- born October 20 , 1971 -RRB- , known professionally as Snoop Dogg -LRB- sometimes shortened to Snoop and formerly called Snoop Doggy Dogg and Snoop Lion -RRB- , is an American rapper and actor from Long Beach , California .
1 His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre of N.W.A , and as a result was prominently featured throughout Dr. Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . Dr. Dre Dr. Dre N.W.A N.W.A The Chronic The Chronic
2 He has since sold over twenty-three million albums in the United States and thirty-five million albums worldwide .
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5 Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts . R&B Contemporary R&B Death Row Death Row Records Doggystyle Doggystyle Death Row Records Death Row Records Billboard Billboard (magazine)
6 Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' Doggystyle Doggystyle
7 and `` Gin & Juice '' . Gin & Juice Gin & Juice
8 In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . Death Row Death Row Records Death Row Records Death Row Records Murder Was The Case Murder Was The Case
9 His second album Tha Doggfather -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , also debuted at number one on both charts with `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , as the lead single . Tha Doggfather Tha Doggfather
10 The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . double platinum music recording sales certification
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13 After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums . Death Row Death Row Records No Limit No Limit Records Death Row Records Death Row Records No Limit Records No Limit Records
14 Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , No Limit Top Dogg -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and Tha Last Meal -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . No Limit No Limit Records No Limit Top Dogg No Limit Top Dogg Tha Last Meal Tha Last Meal
15 Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss . Priority Priority Records Capitol Capitol Records EMI Records EMI Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss EMI EMI
16 He then signed with Geffen Records in 2004 for his next three albums R&G -LRB- Rhythm & Gangsta -RRB- : The Masterpiece , Tha Blue Carpet Treatment , and Ego Trippin ' . Geffen Geffen Records Geffen Records Geffen Records Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Tha Blue Carpet Treatment
17 Malice 'n Wonderland -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , and Doggumentary -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , were released on Priority . Priority Priority Records Malice 'n Wonderland Malice 'n Wonderland Doggumentary Doggumentary
18 Snoop Dogg has starred in motion pictures and hosted several television shows , including Doggy Fizzle Televizzle , Snoop Dogg 's Father Hood , and Dogg After Dark . Doggy Fizzle Televizzle Doggy Fizzle Televizzle Dogg After Dark Dogg After Dark
19 He also coaches a youth football league and high school football team .
20 In September 2009 , Snoop was hired by EMI as the chairman of a reactivated Priority Records . Priority Priority Records EMI EMI
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23 In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion . Jamaica Jamaica Rastafari movement Rastafari movement
24 Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated , and a documentary film of the same name , of his Jamaican experience , in early 2013 . reggae reggae Reincarnated Reincarnated (album) documentary film Reincarnated (film)
25 His fourteenth solo studio album , Coolaid , was released in July 2016 . Coolaid Coolaid
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28 Snoop Dogg holds the dubious distinction of having seventeen Grammy nominations without a win . Grammy Grammy Awards
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31 In March 2016 , the night before WrestleMania 32 in Arlington , Texas , Snoop was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame having made several appearances for the company , including as Master of Ceremonies during a match at Wrestlemania XXIV . WrestleMania 32 WrestleMania 32 WWE WWE Hall of Fame WWE Hall of Fame Wrestlemania XXIV WrestleMania XXIV
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Sonic_Highways | Sonic Highways is the eighth studio album by the American rock band Foo Fighters . It was produced by Butch Vig and was released on November 10 , 2014 , on RCA Records . In writing the album 's eight songs , singer and guitarist Dave Grohl traveled to eight cities across the United States to conduct interviews with musicians , recording engineers , record producers , and other individuals discussing each city 's musical history , which he used as inspiration for the songs ' lyrics . The band and Vig then traveled to a different recording location in each city to record the songs . Each track features contributions from one or more musicians with ties to that city 's musical history . The process was filmed for a companion television series , Foo Fighters : Sonic Highways , which was broadcast on HBO in the months surrounding the album 's release . | 0 Sonic Highways is the eighth studio album by the American rock band Foo Fighters . Foo Fighters Foo Fighters rock rock music
1 It was produced by Butch Vig and was released on November 10 , 2014 , on RCA Records . RCA RCA Records Butch Vig Butch Vig RCA Records RCA Records
2 In writing the album 's eight songs , singer and guitarist Dave Grohl traveled to eight cities across the United States to conduct interviews with musicians , recording engineers , record producers , and other individuals discussing each city 's musical history , which he used as inspiration for the songs ' lyrics . Dave Grohl Dave Grohl
3 The band and Vig then traveled to a different recording location in each city to record the songs .
4 Each track features contributions from one or more musicians with ties to that city 's musical history .
5 The process was filmed for a companion television series , Foo Fighters : Sonic Highways , which was broadcast on HBO in the months surrounding the album 's release . Foo Fighters Foo Fighters HBO HBO
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Snooki_&_Jwoww | Snooki & Jwoww -LRB- sometimes rendered Snooki & JWOWW in print and online sources -RRB- is an American reality television series on MTV starring Snooki and JWoww . It is the second of three spin-offs of Jersey Shore , on which both Polizzi and Farley previously gained fame as cast members . The series ran from June 21 , 2012 until February 4 , 2015 over four seasons . The series , which is executive produced by Jersey Shore producer SallyAnn Salsano of 495 Productions , is described by its stars as a modern-day Laverne & Shirley . The first season focuses on Polizzi and Farley living together in a former firehouse in Jersey City , New Jersey , though Polizzi 's pregnancy , which was confirmed during filming of the first season , led to a change in episode content and tone that would distance it from the party-oriented antics of its parent show . Filming began on the first season February 25 , 2012 , and lasted five weeks . A second season was confirmed on August 3 , 2012 , and premiered on January 8 , 2013 . On April 25 , 2013 , MTV renewed the series for a third season , which premiered on October 22 , 2013 . On April 24 , 2014 , the series was renewed for the fourth and final season , which premiered on November 5 , 2014 , and concluded on February 4 , 2015 . | 0 Snooki & Jwoww -LRB- sometimes rendered Snooki & JWOWW in print and online sources -RRB- is an American reality television series on MTV starring Snooki and JWoww . Snooki Snooki JWoww JWoww MTV MTV American United States reality television reality television
1 It is the second of three spin-offs of Jersey Shore , on which both Polizzi and Farley previously gained fame as cast members . Jersey Shore Jersey Shore (TV series)
2 The series ran from June 21 , 2012 until February 4 , 2015 over four seasons .
3 The series , which is executive produced by Jersey Shore producer SallyAnn Salsano of 495 Productions , is described by its stars as a modern-day Laverne & Shirley . SallyAnn Salsano SallyAnn Salsano 495 Productions 495 Productions Jersey Shore Jersey Shore (TV series) Laverne & Shirley Laverne & Shirley
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6 The first season focuses on Polizzi and Farley living together in a former firehouse in Jersey City , New Jersey , though Polizzi 's pregnancy , which was confirmed during filming of the first season , led to a change in episode content and tone that would distance it from the party-oriented antics of its parent show .
7 Filming began on the first season February 25 , 2012 , and lasted five weeks .
8 A second season was confirmed on August 3 , 2012 , and premiered on January 8 , 2013 .
9 On April 25 , 2013 , MTV renewed the series for a third season , which premiered on October 22 , 2013 . MTV MTV
10 On April 24 , 2014 , the series was renewed for the fourth and final season , which premiered on November 5 , 2014 , and concluded on February 4 , 2015 .
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Spike_Jonze | Spike Jonze -LRB- pronounced `` Jones '' -LSB- dʒoʊnz -RSB- born Adam Spiegel on October 22 , 1969 -RRB- is an American director , producer , screenwriter and actor , whose work includes music videos , commercials , film and television . He started his feature film directing career with Being John Malkovich -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Adaptation -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , both written by Charlie Kaufman , and then started movies with screenplays of his own with Where the Wild Things Are -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Her -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Jonze is well known for his music video collaborations with Daft Punk , Fatboy Slim , Weezer , the Beastie Boys , Björk , and Kanye West . He was a co-creator and executive producer of MTV 's Jackass . He is currently the creative director of Vice Media , Inc. . He is part owner of skateboard company Girl Skateboards with riders Rick Howard and Mike Carroll . He co-founded Directors Label , with filmmakers Chris Cunningham and Michel Gondry , and the Palm Pictures company . He has been nominated for four Academy Awards : Best Director for Being John Malkovich , and Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay and Best Original Song -LRB- `` The Moon Song '' -RRB- for Her . He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay , the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay , and the 2014 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Her . | 0 Spike Jonze -LRB- pronounced `` Jones '' -LSB- dʒoʊnz -RSB- born Adam Spiegel on October 22 , 1969 -RRB- is an American director , producer , screenwriter and actor , whose work includes music videos , commercials , film and television .
1 He started his feature film directing career with Being John Malkovich -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Adaptation -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , both written by Charlie Kaufman , and then started movies with screenplays of his own with Where the Wild Things Are -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Her -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Being John Malkovich Being John Malkovich Adaptation Adaptation (film) Charlie Kaufman Charlie Kaufman Where the Wild Things Are Where the Wild Things Are (film) Her Her (film)
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4 Jonze is well known for his music video collaborations with Daft Punk , Fatboy Slim , Weezer , the Beastie Boys , Björk , and Kanye West . Daft Punk Daft Punk Fatboy Slim Fatboy Slim Weezer Weezer Beastie Boys Beastie Boys Björk Björk Kanye West Kanye West
5 He was a co-creator and executive producer of MTV 's Jackass . Jackass Jackass (TV series)
6 He is currently the creative director of Vice Media , Inc. .
7 He is part owner of skateboard company Girl Skateboards with riders Rick Howard and Mike Carroll . Girl Skateboards Girl Skateboards Rick Howard Rick Howard Mike Carroll Mike Carroll (skateboarder)
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10 He co-founded Directors Label , with filmmakers Chris Cunningham and Michel Gondry , and the Palm Pictures company . Directors Label Directors Label Chris Cunningham Chris Cunningham Michel Gondry Michel Gondry Palm Pictures Palm Pictures
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13 He has been nominated for four Academy Awards : Best Director for Being John Malkovich , and Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay and Best Original Song -LRB- `` The Moon Song '' -RRB- for Her . Being John Malkovich Being John Malkovich Her Her (film) Best Director Academy Award for Best Director Best Picture Academy Award for Best Picture Best Original Screenplay Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay Best Original Song Academy Award for Best Original Song The Moon Song The Moon Song
14 He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay , the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay , and the 2014 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Her . Her Her (film) Academy Award Academy Award Best Original Screenplay Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
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Splatoon_2 | Splatoon 2 is an upcoming third-person shooter video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch . It is the sequel to the 2015 Wii U title , Splatoon , and is a team-based third-person shooter which is playable by up to eight players in online four-versus-four matches . The game was announced in January 2017 , and will be released worldwide in July 2017 . | 0 Splatoon 2 is an upcoming third-person shooter video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch . Nintendo Nintendo Nintendo Switch Nintendo Switch third-person shooter third-person shooter video game video game Splatoon Splatoon
1 It is the sequel to the 2015 Wii U title , Splatoon , and is a team-based third-person shooter which is playable by up to eight players in online four-versus-four matches . third-person shooter third-person shooter Wii U Wii U Splatoon Splatoon
2 The game was announced in January 2017 , and will be released worldwide in July 2017 .
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Smartphone_patent_wars | The smartphone wars or smartphone patents licensing and litigation is an ongoing business battle by smartphone manufacturers including Sony Mobile , Google , Apple Inc. , Samsung , Microsoft , Nokia , Motorola , Huawei , LG Electronics , ZTE and HTC , among others , in patent litigation . The conflict is part of the wider `` patent wars '' between multinational technology and software corporations . The patent wars occurred because a finished smartphone might involve hundreds of thousands of patents . To secure and increase market share , companies granted a patent can sue to prevent competitors from using the methods the patent covers . Since 2010 the number of lawsuits , counter-suits , and trade complaints based on patents and designs in the market for smartphones , and devices based on smartphone OSes such as Android and iOS , has increased significantly . | 0 The smartphone wars or smartphone patents licensing and litigation is an ongoing business battle by smartphone manufacturers including Sony Mobile , Google , Apple Inc. , Samsung , Microsoft , Nokia , Motorola , Huawei , LG Electronics , ZTE and HTC , among others , in patent litigation . smartphone smartphone Sony Mobile Sony Mobile Google Google Samsung Samsung Electronics Microsoft Microsoft Nokia Nokia Motorola Motorola Mobility Huawei Huawei LG Electronics LG Electronics ZTE ZTE HTC HTC patent litigation Patent infringement patent patent
1 The conflict is part of the wider `` patent wars '' between multinational technology and software corporations . patent patent
2 The patent wars occurred because a finished smartphone might involve hundreds of thousands of patents . smartphone smartphone patent patent
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5 To secure and increase market share , companies granted a patent can sue to prevent competitors from using the methods the patent covers . market share market share patent patent
6 Since 2010 the number of lawsuits , counter-suits , and trade complaints based on patents and designs in the market for smartphones , and devices based on smartphone OSes such as Android and iOS , has increased significantly . smartphone smartphone designs Industrial design right smartphone OSes Mobile operating system Android Android (operating system) iOS iOS
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Spring_Breakers | Spring Breakers is a 2012 American film written and directed by Harmony Korine . It stars James Franco , Vanessa Hudgens , Selena Gomez , Ashley Benson and Rachel Korine and follows four college-aged girls on their spring break in Florida where they meet an eccentric local drug dealer named Alien who helps them in a time of desperation , and their eventual descent into a world of drugs , crime , and violence . Korine had devised the concept for Spring Breakers over several years prior to production , with fleeting ideas about the plot and what should transpire . His initial desire was to create a `` sensory film '' that was more about feeling than action and placed little importance on narrative or plot , the idea for which came later . Once Korine developed the backbone of the story , which takes place around the American spring break period , he travelled to Florida to write the screenplay . Production began in 2012 , on an estimated budget of $ 5 million -- a relatively small amount in today 's film industry , albeit Korine 's second most expensive film to date . The film is also one of Korine 's first theatrical works to receive a wide release . Spring Breakers was released on March 22 , 2013 in the United States by A24 and grossed $ 31 million worldwide , making it a resounding success considering the small budget . It received generally positive reviews from film critics , with some calling it a potential cult classic . The film was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival . Critics and scholars have read deeper meaning in the film 's plot , commenting on its reflection of modern-day superficiality and the younger generation 's obsession with highly stylised pop culture media . | 0 Spring Breakers is a 2012 American film written and directed by Harmony Korine . Harmony Korine Harmony Korine film film
1 It stars James Franco , Vanessa Hudgens , Selena Gomez , Ashley Benson and Rachel Korine and follows four college-aged girls on their spring break in Florida where they meet an eccentric local drug dealer named Alien who helps them in a time of desperation , and their eventual descent into a world of drugs , crime , and violence . James Franco James Franco Selena Gomez Selena Gomez Vanessa Hudgens Vanessa Hudgens Ashley Benson Ashley Benson Rachel Korine Rachel Korine
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4 Korine had devised the concept for Spring Breakers over several years prior to production , with fleeting ideas about the plot and what should transpire . plot Plot (narrative)
5 His initial desire was to create a `` sensory film '' that was more about feeling than action and placed little importance on narrative or plot , the idea for which came later . film film sensory Sensory perception narrative narrative plot Plot (narrative)
6 Once Korine developed the backbone of the story , which takes place around the American spring break period , he travelled to Florida to write the screenplay .
7 Production began in 2012 , on an estimated budget of $ 5 million -- a relatively small amount in today 's film industry , albeit Korine 's second most expensive film to date . film film
8 The film is also one of Korine 's first theatrical works to receive a wide release . film film
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11 Spring Breakers was released on March 22 , 2013 in the United States by A24 and grossed $ 31 million worldwide , making it a resounding success considering the small budget . A24 A24 (company)
12 It received generally positive reviews from film critics , with some calling it a potential cult classic . film film film critics Film criticism cult classic Cult film
13 The film was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival . Venice 69th Venice International Film Festival film film Golden Lion Golden Lion 69th Venice International Film Festival 69th Venice International Film Festival
14 Critics and scholars have read deeper meaning in the film 's plot , commenting on its reflection of modern-day superficiality and the younger generation 's obsession with highly stylised pop culture media . film film plot Plot (narrative) pop culture Popular culture
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Sleep | Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body characterized by altered consciousness , relatively inhibited sensory activity , inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles , and reduced interactions with surroundings . It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli , but is more easily reversed than the state of being comatose . Sleep occurs in repeating periods , in which the body alternates between two highly distinct modes known as non-REM and REM sleep . Although REM stands for `` rapid eye movement '' , this mode of sleep has many other aspects , including virtual paralysis of the body . A well-known feature of sleep is the dream , an experience typically recounted in narrative form , which resembles waking life while in progress , but which usually can later be distinguished as fantasy . During sleep , most of the body 's systems are in an anabolic state , helping to restore the immune , nervous , skeletal , and muscular systems ; these are vital processes that maintain mood , memory , and cognitive performance and plays a large role in the function of the endocrine and immune systems . The internal circadian clock promotes sleep daily at night . The diverse purposes and mechanisms of sleep are the subject of substantial ongoing research . The advent of artificial light has substantially altered sleep timing in industrialized countries . Humans may suffer from various sleep disorders , including dyssomnias , such as insomnia , hypersomnia , narcolepsy , and sleep apnea ; parasomnias , such as sleepwalking and REM behavior disorder ; bruxism ; and circadian rhythm sleep disorders . | 0 Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body characterized by altered consciousness , relatively inhibited sensory activity , inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles , and reduced interactions with surroundings . consciousness consciousness
1 It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli , but is more easily reversed than the state of being comatose . wakefulness wakefulness stimuli stimulus (physiology)
2 Sleep occurs in repeating periods , in which the body alternates between two highly distinct modes known as non-REM and REM sleep . non-REM non-REM sleep REM rapid eye movement sleep
3 Although REM stands for `` rapid eye movement '' , this mode of sleep has many other aspects , including virtual paralysis of the body . REM rapid eye movement sleep paralysis paralysis
4 A well-known feature of sleep is the dream , an experience typically recounted in narrative form , which resembles waking life while in progress , but which usually can later be distinguished as fantasy . dream dream
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7 During sleep , most of the body 's systems are in an anabolic state , helping to restore the immune , nervous , skeletal , and muscular systems ; these are vital processes that maintain mood , memory , and cognitive performance and plays a large role in the function of the endocrine and immune systems . anabolic anabolic endocrine Endocrine system
8 The internal circadian clock promotes sleep daily at night . circadian clock circadian clock
9 The diverse purposes and mechanisms of sleep are the subject of substantial ongoing research .
10 The advent of artificial light has substantially altered sleep timing in industrialized countries . artificial light artificial light
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13 Humans may suffer from various sleep disorders , including dyssomnias , such as insomnia , hypersomnia , narcolepsy , and sleep apnea ; parasomnias , such as sleepwalking and REM behavior disorder ; bruxism ; and circadian rhythm sleep disorders . REM rapid eye movement sleep insomnia insomnia hypersomnia hypersomnia narcolepsy narcolepsy sleep apnea sleep apnea sleepwalking sleepwalking REM behavior disorder REM behavior disorder bruxism bruxism
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Son | A son is a male offspring ; a boy or man in relation to his parents . The female counterpart is a daughter . | 0 A son is a male offspring ; a boy or man in relation to his parents . male male offspring reproduction boy boy man man
1 The female counterpart is a daughter . daughter daughter
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Sindh | Sindh -LSB- sɪnd -RSB- -LRB- سنڌ ; -LSB- -RRB- is one of the four provinces of Pakistan , in the southeast of the country . Historically home to the Sindhi people , it is also locally known as the Mehran . It was formerly known as Sind until 1956 . Sindh is the third largest province of Pakistan by area , and second largest province by population after Punjab . Sindh is bordered by Balochistan province to the west , and Punjab province to the north . Sindh also borders the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east , and Arabian Sea to the south . Sindh 's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River , the Thar desert in the eastern portion of the province closest to the border with India , and the Kirthar Mountains in the western part of Sindh . Sindh 's climate is noted for hot summers and mild winters . The provincial capital of Sindh is Pakistan 's largest city and financial hub , Karachi . Sindh has Pakistan 's second largest economy with Karachi being its capital that hosts the headquarters of several multinational banks . Sindh is home to a large portion of Pakistan 's industrial sector and contains two of Pakistan 's commercial seaports -- Port Bin Qasim and the Karachi Port . The remainder of Sindh has an agriculture based economy , and produces fruit , food consumer items , and vegetables for the consumption other parts of the country . Sindh is also the centre of Pakistan 's pharmaceutical industry . Sindh is known for its distinct culture which is strongly influenced by Sufism , an important marker of Sindhi identity for both Hindus -LRB- Sindh has Pakistan 's highest percentage of Hindu residents -RRB- . and Muslims in the province . Several important Sufi shrines are located throughout the province which attract millions of annual devotees . Sindh 's capital , Karachi , is Pakistan 's most ethnically diverse city , with Muhajirs , or descendants of those who migrated to Pakistan from India after 1947 and throughout the 1950s and 1960s , making up the majority of the population . Karachi and other urban centres of Sindh have seen ethnic tensions between the native Sindhis and the Muhajirs boil over into violence on several occasions . Sindh is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites - the Historical Monuments at Makli , and the Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro . | 0 Sindh -LSB- sɪnd -RSB- -LRB- سنڌ ; -LSB- -RRB- is one of the four provinces of Pakistan , in the southeast of the country . four provinces of Pakistan Four Provinces (Pakistan)
1 Historically home to the Sindhi people , it is also locally known as the Mehran . Sindhi Sindhi language Sindhi people Sindhi people
2 It was formerly known as Sind until 1956 . Sind Sind Province (1936–55) until 1956 Constitution of Pakistan of 1956
3 Sindh is the third largest province of Pakistan by area , and second largest province by population after Punjab . Punjab Punjab, Pakistan
4 Sindh is bordered by Balochistan province to the west , and Punjab province to the north . Punjab Punjab, Pakistan Balochistan Balochistan (Pakistan)
5 Sindh also borders the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east , and Arabian Sea to the south . Gujarat Gujarat Rajasthan Rajasthan Arabian Sea Arabian Sea
6 Sindh 's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River , the Thar desert in the eastern portion of the province closest to the border with India , and the Kirthar Mountains in the western part of Sindh . Indus River Indus River Thar desert Thar Desert Kirthar Mountains Kirthar Mountains India India
7 Sindh 's climate is noted for hot summers and mild winters .
8 The provincial capital of Sindh is Pakistan 's largest city and financial hub , Karachi . Karachi Karachi capital Provincial capitals
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10
11 Sindh has Pakistan 's second largest economy with Karachi being its capital that hosts the headquarters of several multinational banks . Karachi Karachi second largest economy Economy of Sindh capital Provincial capitals multinational banks Banking in Pakistan
12 Sindh is home to a large portion of Pakistan 's industrial sector and contains two of Pakistan 's commercial seaports -- Port Bin Qasim and the Karachi Port . Karachi Karachi Port Bin Qasim Port Bin Qasim Karachi Port Port of Karachi
13 The remainder of Sindh has an agriculture based economy , and produces fruit , food consumer items , and vegetables for the consumption other parts of the country .
14 Sindh is also the centre of Pakistan 's pharmaceutical industry .
15
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17 Sindh is known for its distinct culture which is strongly influenced by Sufism , an important marker of Sindhi identity for both Hindus -LRB- Sindh has Pakistan 's highest percentage of Hindu residents -RRB- . Sindhi Sindhi language distinct culture Sindhi culture Sufism Sufism in Sindh Hindu Hindu
18 and Muslims in the province .
19 Several important Sufi shrines are located throughout the province which attract millions of annual devotees . Sufi Sufism
20 Sindh 's capital , Karachi , is Pakistan 's most ethnically diverse city , with Muhajirs , or descendants of those who migrated to Pakistan from India after 1947 and throughout the 1950s and 1960s , making up the majority of the population . Karachi Karachi capital Provincial capitals Muhajirs Muhajir people India India
21 Karachi and other urban centres of Sindh have seen ethnic tensions between the native Sindhis and the Muhajirs boil over into violence on several occasions . Karachi Karachi Muhajirs Muhajir people
22 Sindh is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites - the Historical Monuments at Makli , and the Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro . UNESCO UNESCO World Heritage Sites world heritage sites Historical Monuments at Makli Makli Hill Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro Mohenjo-daro
23 |
Song_Joong-ki | Song Joong-ki -LRB- ; born September 19 , 1985 -RRB- is a South Korean actor . He rose to fame in the historical drama Sungkyunkwan Scandal -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and the variety show Running Man as one of the original cast members when it premiered in 2010 . Song played his first TV leading role in the melodrama The Innocent Man -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . He has also starred in feature films , notably as the title character in the box office hit A Werewolf Boy -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . After Song 's mandatory military service , he took on the lead role in the pan-Asia hit drama Descendants of the Sun -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , which drew a peak audience share of 38.8 % in South Korea and established him as a top Hallyu star . He placed 7th in Forbes Korea Power Celebrity list in 2013 , and ranked 2nd in 2017 . | 0 Song Joong-ki -LRB- ; born September 19 , 1985 -RRB- is a South Korean actor .
1 He rose to fame in the historical drama Sungkyunkwan Scandal -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and the variety show Running Man as one of the original cast members when it premiered in 2010 . Sungkyunkwan Scandal Sungkyunkwan Scandal Running Man Running Man (TV series)
2 Song played his first TV leading role in the melodrama The Innocent Man -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . The Innocent Man The Innocent Man (TV series)
3 He has also starred in feature films , notably as the title character in the box office hit A Werewolf Boy -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . A Werewolf Boy A Werewolf Boy
4
5
6 After Song 's mandatory military service , he took on the lead role in the pan-Asia hit drama Descendants of the Sun -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , which drew a peak audience share of 38.8 % in South Korea and established him as a top Hallyu star . mandatory military service mandatory military service Descendants of the Sun Descendants of the Sun Hallyu Korean Wave
7 He placed 7th in Forbes Korea Power Celebrity list in 2013 , and ranked 2nd in 2017 . Forbes Forbes Korea Power Celebrity Forbes Korea Power Celebrity
8 |
Sleep_apnea | Sleep apnea , also spelled sleep apnoea , is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep . Each pause can last for a few seconds to several minutes and they happen many times a night . In the most common form , this follows loud snoring . There may be a choking or snorting sound as breathing resumes . As it disrupts normal sleep , those affected may experience sleepiness or feel tired during the day . In children it may cause problems in school or hyperactivity . There are three forms of sleep apnea : obstructive -LRB- OSA -RRB- , central -LRB- CSA -RRB- , and a combination of the two called mixed . OSA is the most common form . Risk factors for OSA include being overweight , a family history of the condition , allergies , and enlarged tonsils . In OSA , breathing is interrupted by a blockage of airflow , while in CSA breathing stops due to a lack of effort to breathe . People with sleep apnea may not be aware they have it . In many cases it is first observed by a family member . Sleep apnea is often diagnosed with an overnight sleep study . For a diagnosis of sleep apnea , more than five episodes an hour must occur . Treatment may include lifestyle changes , mouthpieces , breathing devices , and surgery . Lifestyle changes may include avoiding alcohol , losing weight , stopping smoking , and sleeping on their side . Breathing devices include the use of a CPAP machine . Without treatment sleep apnea may increase the risk of heart attack , stroke , diabetes , heart failure , irregular heartbeat , obesity , and motor vehicle collisions . OSA affects 1-6 % of adults and 2 % of children . It affects males about twice as often as females . While people at any age can be affected it occurs most commonly among those 55 to 60 years old . Central sleep apnea affects less than one percent of people . A type of central sleep apnea was described in the German myth of Ondine 's curse where when asleep the person would forget to breathe . | 0 Sleep apnea , also spelled sleep apnoea , is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep . shallow breathing hypopnea sleep sleep sleep disorder sleep disorder pauses in breathing apnea
1 Each pause can last for a few seconds to several minutes and they happen many times a night .
2 In the most common form , this follows loud snoring . snoring snoring
3 There may be a choking or snorting sound as breathing resumes .
4 As it disrupts normal sleep , those affected may experience sleepiness or feel tired during the day . sleep sleep
5 In children it may cause problems in school or hyperactivity . hyperactivity hyperactivity
6
7
8 There are three forms of sleep apnea : obstructive -LRB- OSA -RRB- , central -LRB- CSA -RRB- , and a combination of the two called mixed . sleep sleep obstructive Obstructive sleep apnea central Central sleep apnea
9 OSA is the most common form .
10 Risk factors for OSA include being overweight , a family history of the condition , allergies , and enlarged tonsils . allergies allergies tonsils tonsils overweight overweight
11 In OSA , breathing is interrupted by a blockage of airflow , while in CSA breathing stops due to a lack of effort to breathe .
12 People with sleep apnea may not be aware they have it . sleep sleep
13 In many cases it is first observed by a family member .
14 Sleep apnea is often diagnosed with an overnight sleep study . sleep sleep sleep study Polysomnography
15 For a diagnosis of sleep apnea , more than five episodes an hour must occur . sleep sleep
16
17
18 Treatment may include lifestyle changes , mouthpieces , breathing devices , and surgery .
19 Lifestyle changes may include avoiding alcohol , losing weight , stopping smoking , and sleeping on their side . alcohol alcohol
20 Breathing devices include the use of a CPAP machine . CPAP machine CPAP machine
21 Without treatment sleep apnea may increase the risk of heart attack , stroke , diabetes , heart failure , irregular heartbeat , obesity , and motor vehicle collisions . sleep sleep stroke stroke diabetes diabetes heart failure heart failure irregular heartbeat irregular heartbeat obesity obesity motor vehicle collisions motor vehicle collisions heart attack myocardial infarction
22
23
24 OSA affects 1-6 % of adults and 2 % of children .
25 It affects males about twice as often as females .
26 While people at any age can be affected it occurs most commonly among those 55 to 60 years old .
27 Central sleep apnea affects less than one percent of people . sleep sleep
28 A type of central sleep apnea was described in the German myth of Ondine 's curse where when asleep the person would forget to breathe . sleep sleep central sleep apnea central sleep apnea central Central sleep apnea myth myth
29 |
Sleeping_Beauty_-LRB-2011_film-RRB- | Sleeping Beauty is a 2011 Australian erotic drama film that was written and directed by Julia Leigh . It is her debut as a director . The film stars Emily Browning as a young university student who begins doing erotic freelance work in which she is required to sleep in bed alongside paying customers . The film is based on influences that include her own dream experiences , and the novels The House of the Sleeping Beauties and Memories of My Melancholy Whores by Nobel laureates Yasunari Kawabata and Gabriel Garcia Marquez , respectively . The film premiered in May at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival as the first Competition entry to be screened . It was the first Australian film In Competition at Cannes since Moulin Rouge ! -LRB- 2001 -RRB- . Sleeping Beauty was released in Australia on 23 June 2011 . It premiered in US cinemas on 2 December 2011 on limited release . Overall critical reception of the film has been mixed , rising to some approval through June 2016 , after circulation of the film on the festival circuit ; audience reception , on the other hand , has been weak -LRB- less than a third of a sample of tens of thousands approving -RRB- . | 0 Sleeping Beauty is a 2011 Australian erotic drama film that was written and directed by Julia Leigh . Julia Leigh Julia Leigh erotic erotic drama film drama film
1 It is her debut as a director .
2 The film stars Emily Browning as a young university student who begins doing erotic freelance work in which she is required to sleep in bed alongside paying customers . Emily Browning Emily Browning erotic erotic freelance freelance
3 The film is based on influences that include her own dream experiences , and the novels The House of the Sleeping Beauties and Memories of My Melancholy Whores by Nobel laureates Yasunari Kawabata and Gabriel Garcia Marquez , respectively . The House of the Sleeping Beauties The House of the Sleeping Beauties Memories of My Melancholy Whores Memories of My Melancholy Whores Nobel laureates Nobel Prize for Literature Yasunari Kawabata Yasunari Kawabata Gabriel Garcia Marquez Gabriel Garcia Marquez
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6 The film premiered in May at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival as the first Competition entry to be screened . Cannes Film Festival 2011 Cannes Film Festival 2011 Cannes Film Festival 2011 Cannes Film Festival
7 It was the first Australian film In Competition at Cannes since Moulin Rouge !
8 -LRB- 2001 -RRB- .
9 Sleeping Beauty was released in Australia on 23 June 2011 .
10 It premiered in US cinemas on 2 December 2011 on limited release . limited release limited release
11 Overall critical reception of the film has been mixed , rising to some approval through June 2016 , after circulation of the film on the festival circuit ; audience reception , on the other hand , has been weak -LRB- less than a third of a sample of tens of thousands approving -RRB- .
12 |
Splash_-LRB-film-RRB- | Splash is a 1984 American fantasy romantic comedy film directed by Ron Howard , written by Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel , and starring Tom Hanks , Daryl Hannah , John Candy , Eugene Levy , and Dody Goodman . The film involves a young man who falls in love with a mysterious woman who is secretly a mermaid . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . The original music score was composed by Lee Holdridge . The film is notable for being the first film released by the Walt Disney Studios ' Touchstone Pictures label , which had been created that same year in an effort to release films targeted at adult audiences , with mature content not appropriate for the studio 's flagship Walt Disney Pictures banner . Splash had received a PG-rating for including some profanity and brief nudity . | 0 Splash is a 1984 American fantasy romantic comedy film directed by Ron Howard , written by Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel , and starring Tom Hanks , Daryl Hannah , John Candy , Eugene Levy , and Dody Goodman . Ron Howard Ron Howard Lowell Ganz Lowell Ganz Babaloo Mandel Babaloo Mandel Tom Hanks Tom Hanks Daryl Hannah Daryl Hannah Eugene Levy Eugene Levy John Candy John Candy fantasy fantasy film romantic comedy film romantic comedy film Dody Goodman Dody Goodman
1 The film involves a young man who falls in love with a mysterious woman who is secretly a mermaid . mermaid mermaid
2 The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay#1980s
3 The original music score was composed by Lee Holdridge . Lee Holdridge Lee Holdridge
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5
6 The film is notable for being the first film released by the Walt Disney Studios ' Touchstone Pictures label , which had been created that same year in an effort to release films targeted at adult audiences , with mature content not appropriate for the studio 's flagship Walt Disney Pictures banner . Touchstone Pictures Touchstone Pictures Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios (division) Walt Disney Pictures Walt Disney Pictures
7 Splash had received a PG-rating for including some profanity and brief nudity .
8 |
Society | A society is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction , or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory , typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations . Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships -LRB- social relations -RRB- between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions ; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent of members . In the social sciences , a larger society often evinces stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups . Insofar as it is collaborative , a society can enable its members to benefit in ways that would not otherwise be possible on an individual basis ; both individual and social -LRB- common -RRB- benefits can thus be distinguished , or in many cases found to overlap . A society can also consist of like-minded people governed by their own norms and values within a dominant , larger society . This is sometimes referred to as a subculture , a term used extensively within criminology . More broadly , and especially within structuralist thought , a society may be illustrated as an economic , social , industrial or cultural infrastructure , made up of , yet distinct from , a varied collection of individuals . In this regard society can mean the objective relationships people have with the material world and with other people , rather than `` other people '' beyond the individual and their familiar social environment . | 0 A society is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction , or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory , typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations . group Social group social interaction Social relation social group social group cultural culture
1 Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships -LRB- social relations -RRB- between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions ; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent of members . culture culture institutions institutions
2 In the social sciences , a larger society often evinces stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups . stratification social stratification dominance dominance hierarchy
3
4
5 Insofar as it is collaborative , a society can enable its members to benefit in ways that would not otherwise be possible on an individual basis ; both individual and social -LRB- common -RRB- benefits can thus be distinguished , or in many cases found to overlap . collaborative collaborative
6 A society can also consist of like-minded people governed by their own norms and values within a dominant , larger society .
7 This is sometimes referred to as a subculture , a term used extensively within criminology . subculture subculture criminology criminology
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9
10 More broadly , and especially within structuralist thought , a society may be illustrated as an economic , social , industrial or cultural infrastructure , made up of , yet distinct from , a varied collection of individuals . structuralist thought Structuralism economic economic industrial Industry cultural culture infrastructure infrastructure
11 In this regard society can mean the objective relationships people have with the material world and with other people , rather than `` other people '' beyond the individual and their familiar social environment .
12 |
Slovenia | Slovenia -LRB- -LSB- sloʊˈviːniə , _ slə - , _ - njə -RSB- ; Slovenija -LSB- slɔˈʋéːnija -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Slovenia -LRB- Slovene : , abbr. : RS -RRB- , is a nation state in southern Central Europe , located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , Hungary to the northeast , Croatia to the south and southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . It covers 20,273 km2 and has a population of 2.06 million . It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations , European Union , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana . The territory is mostly mountainous with a mainly continental climate , with the exception of the Slovene Littoral that has a sub-Mediterranean climate and the north-western area that has an Alpine climate . Additionally , the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia . The country , marked by a significant biological diversity , is one of the most water-rich in Europe , with a dense river network , a rich aquifer system , and significant karst underground watercourses . Over half of the territory is covered by forest . The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven . Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of South Slavic , Germanic , Romance , and Hungarian languages and culture . Although the population is not homogeneous , the majority is Slovene . South Slavic language Slovene is the official language throughout the country . Slovenia is a largely secularized country , but its culture and identity have been significantly influenced by Catholicism as well as Lutheranism . The economy of Slovenia is small , open , and export-oriented and has been strongly influenced by international conditions . It has been severely hurt by the Eurozone crisis , started in the late 2000s . The main economic field is services , followed by industry and construction . Historically , the current territory of Slovenia was part of many different state formations , including the Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire , followed by the Habsburg Monarchy . In October 1918 , the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs . In December 1918 , they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes -LRB- renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 -RRB- . During World War II , Slovenia was occupied and annexed by Germany , Italy , and Hungary , with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia , a Nazi puppet state . Afterward , it was a founding member of the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia , later renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , a communist state which was the only country in the Eastern Bloc which was never part of the Warsaw Pact . In June 1991 , after the introduction of multi-party representative democracy , Slovenia split from Yugoslavia and became an independent country . In 2004 , it entered NATO and the European Union ; in 2007 became the first formerly communist country to join the Eurozone ; and in 2010 joined the OECD , a global association of high-income developed countries . | 0 Slovenia -LRB- -LSB- sloʊˈviːniə , _ slə - , _ - njə -RSB- ; Slovenija -LSB- slɔˈʋéːnija -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Slovenia -LRB- Slovene : , abbr. : RS -RRB- , is a nation state in southern Central Europe , located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . Europe Europe Slovene Slovene language nation state nation state Central Europe Central Europe
1 It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , Hungary to the northeast , Croatia to the south and southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . Italy Kingdom of Italy Austria Austria Hungary Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46) Croatia Croatia Adriatic Sea Adriatic Sea
2 It covers 20,273 km2 and has a population of 2.06 million .
3 It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations , European Union , and NATO . European Union European Union parliamentary Parliamentary system parliamentary republic parliamentary republic United Nations United Nations NATO NATO
4 The capital and largest city is Ljubljana . Ljubljana Ljubljana
5
6
7 The territory is mostly mountainous with a mainly continental climate , with the exception of the Slovene Littoral that has a sub-Mediterranean climate and the north-western area that has an Alpine climate . Slovene Slovene language continental climate continental climate Slovene Littoral Slovene Littoral Mediterranean climate Mediterranean climate Alpine climate Alpine climate
8 Additionally , the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia . Dinaric Alps Dinaric Alps Pannonian Plain Pannonian Plain
9 The country , marked by a significant biological diversity , is one of the most water-rich in Europe , with a dense river network , a rich aquifer system , and significant karst underground watercourses . Europe Europe biological biodiversity aquifer aquifer karst karst
10 Over half of the territory is covered by forest .
11 The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven .
12
13
14 Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of South Slavic , Germanic , Romance , and Hungarian languages and culture . Hungarian Hungarian language South Slavic South Slavic languages Germanic Germanic languages Romance Romance languages
15 Although the population is not homogeneous , the majority is Slovene . Slovene Slovene language
16 South Slavic language Slovene is the official language throughout the country . Slovene Slovene language South Slavic South Slavic languages
17 Slovenia is a largely secularized country , but its culture and identity have been significantly influenced by Catholicism as well as Lutheranism . secularized secularization Catholicism Catholic Church Lutheranism Lutheranism
18 The economy of Slovenia is small , open , and export-oriented and has been strongly influenced by international conditions . economy of Slovenia economy of Slovenia export-oriented export-oriented industrialization
19 It has been severely hurt by the Eurozone crisis , started in the late 2000s . Eurozone crisis Eurozone crisis Eurozone Eurozone
20 The main economic field is services , followed by industry and construction . services service sector
21
22
23 Historically , the current territory of Slovenia was part of many different state formations , including the Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire , followed by the Habsburg Monarchy . Roman Empire Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Monarchy
24 In October 1918 , the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs . Slovenes Slovenes Serbs Serbs in Slovenia Croats Croats of Slovenia
25 In December 1918 , they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes -LRB- renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 -RRB- . Slovenes Slovenes Serbs Serbs in Slovenia Croats Croats of Slovenia Yugoslavia Democratic Federal Yugoslavia Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Yugoslavia Kingdom of Yugoslavia
26 During World War II , Slovenia was occupied and annexed by Germany , Italy , and Hungary , with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia , a Nazi puppet state . Italy Kingdom of Italy Hungary Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46) Croatia Croatia World War II World War II Germany Nazi Germany Independent State of Croatia Independent State of Croatia
27 Afterward , it was a founding member of the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia , later renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , a communist state which was the only country in the Eastern Bloc which was never part of the Warsaw Pact . Yugoslavia Democratic Federal Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact
28 In June 1991 , after the introduction of multi-party representative democracy , Slovenia split from Yugoslavia and became an independent country . Yugoslavia Democratic Federal Yugoslavia multi-party multi-party system representative democracy representative democracy
29 In 2004 , it entered NATO and the European Union ; in 2007 became the first formerly communist country to join the Eurozone ; and in 2010 joined the OECD , a global association of high-income developed countries . European Union European Union NATO NATO formerly communist Postcommunism Eurozone Eurozone OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
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Sonny_with_a_Chance | Sonny with a Chance is an American sitcom created by Steve Marmel which aired for two seasons on Disney Channel from February 8 , 2009 to January 2 , 2011 . The series follows the experiences of teenager Sonny Munroe , portrayed by Demi Lovato , who becomes the newest accepted cast member of her favorite live comedy television show , So Random ! . The series debuted on February 8 , 2009 , in the United States . This is the first Disney Channel Original Series to be shot and aired in high-definition from the beginning . Like most of Disney Channel 's sitcoms , it is shot on tape but uses a `` filmized '' appearance . The second season , some scenes are shot on location . The series is one of the three Disney Channel Original Series to feature a show-within-a-show , along with The Famous Jett Jackson and Shake It Up . On June 1 , 2009 , TV Guide reported that Disney Channel had renewed Sonny with a Chance for a second season , with Gary Marsh saying `` Sonny was a hit right out of the gate '' . The second season premiered on March 14 , 2010 to 6.3 million viewers , and was reportedly cancelled over a year later on April 19 , 2011 following Lovato 's official departure announcement and Disney Channel 's decision to rebrand the series . Disney Channel originally renewed the series for a third season on November 12 , 2010 , but Lovato 's role was at an uncertainty at the time after she checked into treatment two weeks prior . No word on whether Lovato would return to her role had been said , and production on the season carried out as planned in January 2011 without Lovato , focusing on the So Random ! aspect rather than behind the scenes . An official name change to So Random ! was announced on April 4 , 2011 , and later that month Lovato announced that she would not be returning to her role as Sonny Munroe , putting an end to Sonny with a Chance . So Random ! premiered on Disney Channel on June 5 , 2011 to an audience of 4.1 million viewers , but ratings soon dropped and the series was cancelled after a 26-episode first season . | 0 Sonny with a Chance is an American sitcom created by Steve Marmel which aired for two seasons on Disney Channel from February 8 , 2009 to January 2 , 2011 . Steve Marmel Steve Marmel Disney Channel Disney Channel sitcom sitcom
1 The series follows the experiences of teenager Sonny Munroe , portrayed by Demi Lovato , who becomes the newest accepted cast member of her favorite live comedy television show , So Random ! Demi Lovato Demi Lovato comedy comedy
2 .
3
4
5 The series debuted on February 8 , 2009 , in the United States .
6 This is the first Disney Channel Original Series to be shot and aired in high-definition from the beginning . Disney Channel Disney Channel Disney Channel Original Series Disney Channel Original Series high-definition High-definition television
7 Like most of Disney Channel 's sitcoms , it is shot on tape but uses a `` filmized '' appearance . filmized filmizing Disney Channel Disney Channel
8 The second season , some scenes are shot on location .
9 The series is one of the three Disney Channel Original Series to feature a show-within-a-show , along with The Famous Jett Jackson and Shake It Up . Disney Channel Disney Channel Disney Channel Original Series Disney Channel Original Series show-within-a-show show-within-a-show The Famous Jett Jackson The Famous Jett Jackson Shake It Up Shake It Up (U.S. TV series)
10 On June 1 , 2009 , TV Guide reported that Disney Channel had renewed Sonny with a Chance for a second season , with Gary Marsh saying `` Sonny was a hit right out of the gate '' . Disney Channel Disney Channel
11 The second season premiered on March 14 , 2010 to 6.3 million viewers , and was reportedly cancelled over a year later on April 19 , 2011 following Lovato 's official departure announcement and Disney Channel 's decision to rebrand the series . Disney Channel Disney Channel
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14 Disney Channel originally renewed the series for a third season on November 12 , 2010 , but Lovato 's role was at an uncertainty at the time after she checked into treatment two weeks prior . Disney Channel Disney Channel
15 No word on whether Lovato would return to her role had been said , and production on the season carried out as planned in January 2011 without Lovato , focusing on the So Random !
16 aspect rather than behind the scenes .
17 An official name change to So Random !
18 was announced on April 4 , 2011 , and later that month Lovato announced that she would not be returning to her role as Sonny Munroe , putting an end to Sonny with a Chance .
19 So Random !
20 premiered on Disney Channel on June 5 , 2011 to an audience of 4.1 million viewers , but ratings soon dropped and the series was cancelled after a 26-episode first season . Disney Channel Disney Channel
21 |
Spencer_Tracy | Spencer Bonaventure Tracy -LRB- April 5 , 1900 -- June 10 , 1967 -RRB- was an American actor , noted for his natural style and versatility . One of the major stars of Hollywood 's Golden Age , Tracy was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor and won two , sharing the record for nominations in that category with Laurence Olivier . Tracy first discovered his talent for acting while attending Ripon College , and he later received a scholarship for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts . He spent seven years in the theatre , working in a succession of stock companies and intermittently on Broadway . Tracy 's breakthrough came in 1930 , when his lead performance in The Last Mile caught the attention of Hollywood . After a successful film debut in Up the River , Tracy was signed to a contract with Fox Film Corporation . His five years with Fox were unremarkable , and he remained largely unknown to audiences after 25 films . In 1935 , Tracy joined Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , at the time Hollywood 's most prestigious studio . His career flourished with a series of hit films , and in 1937 and 1938 he won consecutive Oscars for Captains Courageous and Boys Town . By the 1940s , Tracy was one of the studio 's top stars . In 1942 , he appeared with Katharine Hepburn in Woman of the Year , beginning a popular partnership that produced nine movies over 25 years . Tracy left MGM in 1955 , and continued to work regularly as a freelance star , despite an increasing weariness as he aged . His personal life was troubled , with a lifelong struggle against alcoholism and guilt over his son 's deafness . Tracy became estranged from his wife in the 1930s , but never divorced , conducting a long-term relationship with Katharine Hepburn in private . Towards the end of his life , Tracy worked almost exclusively for director Stanley Kramer . It was for Kramer that he made his last film , Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner in 1967 , completed just 17 days before Tracy 's death . During his career , Tracy appeared in 75 films and developed a reputation among his peers as one of the screen 's greatest actors . In 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Tracy as the 9th greatest male star of Classic Hollywood Cinema . | 0 Spencer Bonaventure Tracy -LRB- April 5 , 1900 -- June 10 , 1967 -RRB- was an American actor , noted for his natural style and versatility .
1 One of the major stars of Hollywood 's Golden Age , Tracy was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor and won two , sharing the record for nominations in that category with Laurence Olivier . Academy Awards Academy Awards Best Actor Academy Award for Best Actor Laurence Olivier Laurence Olivier Hollywood Hollywood
2
3
4 Tracy first discovered his talent for acting while attending Ripon College , and he later received a scholarship for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts . Ripon College Ripon College (Wisconsin) American Academy of Dramatic Arts American Academy of Dramatic Arts
5 He spent seven years in the theatre , working in a succession of stock companies and intermittently on Broadway . stock companies repertory theatre Broadway Broadway theatre
6 Tracy 's breakthrough came in 1930 , when his lead performance in The Last Mile caught the attention of Hollywood . lead Leading man The Last Mile The Last Mile (play) Hollywood Hollywood
7 After a successful film debut in Up the River , Tracy was signed to a contract with Fox Film Corporation . Up the River Up the River Fox Film Corporation Fox Film Corporation
8 His five years with Fox were unremarkable , and he remained largely unknown to audiences after 25 films .
9
10
11 In 1935 , Tracy joined Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , at the time Hollywood 's most prestigious studio . Hollywood Hollywood Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
12 His career flourished with a series of hit films , and in 1937 and 1938 he won consecutive Oscars for Captains Courageous and Boys Town . Captains Courageous Captains Courageous (1937 film) Boys Town Boys Town (film)
13 By the 1940s , Tracy was one of the studio 's top stars .
14 In 1942 , he appeared with Katharine Hepburn in Woman of the Year , beginning a popular partnership that produced nine movies over 25 years . Katharine Hepburn Katharine Hepburn Woman of the Year Woman of the Year
15 Tracy left MGM in 1955 , and continued to work regularly as a freelance star , despite an increasing weariness as he aged .
16 His personal life was troubled , with a lifelong struggle against alcoholism and guilt over his son 's deafness . alcoholism alcoholism deafness Hearing loss
17 Tracy became estranged from his wife in the 1930s , but never divorced , conducting a long-term relationship with Katharine Hepburn in private . Katharine Hepburn Katharine Hepburn
18 Towards the end of his life , Tracy worked almost exclusively for director Stanley Kramer . Stanley Kramer Stanley Kramer
19 It was for Kramer that he made his last film , Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner in 1967 , completed just 17 days before Tracy 's death .
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22 During his career , Tracy appeared in 75 films and developed a reputation among his peers as one of the screen 's greatest actors .
23 In 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Tracy as the 9th greatest male star of Classic Hollywood Cinema . Hollywood Hollywood American Film Institute American Film Institute male star AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars Classic Hollywood Cinema Classical Hollywood cinema
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Social_security | Social security is a concept enshrined in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , which states : Everyone , as a member of society , has the right to social security and is entitled to realization , through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State , of the economic , social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality . In simple terms , the signatories agree that society in which a person lives should help them to develop and to make the most of all the advantages -LRB- culture , work , social welfare -RRB- which are offered to them in the country . Social security may also refer to the action programs of government intended to promote the welfare of the population through assistance measures guaranteeing access to sufficient resources for food and shelter and to promote health and well-being for the population at large and potentially vulnerable segments such as children , the elderly , the sick and the unemployed . Services providing social security are often called social services . Terminology in this area in the United States is somewhat different from in the rest of the English-speaking world . The general term for an action program in support of the well being of the population in the United States is welfare program and the general term for all such programs is simply welfare . In American society , the term welfare arguably has negative connotations . The term Social Security , in the United States , refers to a specific social insurance program for the retired and the disabled . Elsewhere the term is used in a much broader sense , referring to the economic security society offers when people are faced with certain risks . In its 1952 Social Security -LRB- Minimum Standards -RRB- Convention -LRB- nr . 102 -RRB- , the International Labour Organization -LRB- ILO -RRB- defined the traditional contingencies covered by social security as including : Survival beyond a prescribed age , to be covered by old age pensions ; The loss of support suffered by a widowed person or child as the result of the death of the breadwinner -LRB- survivor 's benefit -RRB- ; Responsibility for the maintenance of children -LRB- family benefit -RRB- ; The treatment of any morbid condition -LRB- including pregnancy -RRB- , whatever its cause -LRB- medical care -RRB- ; A suspension of earnings due to pregnancy and confinement and their consequences -LRB- maternity benefit -RRB- ; A suspension of earnings due to an inability to obtain suitable employment for protected persons who are capable of , and available for , work -LRB- unemployment benefits -RRB- ; A suspension of earnings due to an incapacity for work resulting from a morbid condition -LRB- sickness leave benefit -RRB- ; A permanent or persistent inability to engage in any gainful activity -LRB- disability benefits -RRB- ; The costs and losses involved in medical care , sickness leave , invalidity and death of the breadwinner due to an occupational accident or disease -LRB- employment injuries -RRB- . People who can not reach a guaranteed social minimum for other reasons may be eligible for social assistance -LRB- or welfare , in American English -RRB- . Modern authors often consider the ILO approach too narrow . In their view , social security is not limited to the provision of cash transfers , but also aims at security of work , health , and social participation ; and new social risks -LRB- single parenthood , the reconciliation of work and family life -RRB- should be included in the list as well . Social security may refer to : social insurance , where people receive benefits or services in recognition of contributions to an insurance program . These services typically include provision for retirement pensions , disability insurance , survivor benefits and unemployment insurance . services provided by government or designated agencies responsible for social security provision . In different countries , that may include medical care , financial support during unemployment , sickness , or retirement , health and safety at work , aspects of social work and even industrial relations . basic security irrespective of participation in specific insurance programs where eligibility may otherwise be an issue . For instance , assistance given to newly arrived refugees for basic necessities such as food , clothing , housing , education , money , and medical care . A report published by the ILO in 2014 estimated that only 27 % of the world 's population has access to comprehensive social security . | 0 Social security is a concept enshrined in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , which states : Universal Declaration of Human Rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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3 Everyone , as a member of society , has the right to social security and is entitled to realization , through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State , of the economic , social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality . dignity human dignity
4
5
6 In simple terms , the signatories agree that society in which a person lives should help them to develop and to make the most of all the advantages -LRB- culture , work , social welfare -RRB- which are offered to them in the country . social welfare social welfare welfare welfare
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8
9 Social security may also refer to the action programs of government intended to promote the welfare of the population through assistance measures guaranteeing access to sufficient resources for food and shelter and to promote health and well-being for the population at large and potentially vulnerable segments such as children , the elderly , the sick and the unemployed . welfare welfare food food
10 Services providing social security are often called social services . social services social services
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12
13 Terminology in this area in the United States is somewhat different from in the rest of the English-speaking world . United States United States
14 The general term for an action program in support of the well being of the population in the United States is welfare program and the general term for all such programs is simply welfare . United States United States welfare welfare
15 In American society , the term welfare arguably has negative connotations . welfare welfare
16 The term Social Security , in the United States , refers to a specific social insurance program for the retired and the disabled . United States United States social insurance social insurance
17 Elsewhere the term is used in a much broader sense , referring to the economic security society offers when people are faced with certain risks .
18 In its 1952 Social Security -LRB- Minimum Standards -RRB- Convention -LRB- nr .
19 102 -RRB- , the International Labour Organization -LRB- ILO -RRB- defined the traditional contingencies covered by social security as including : International Labour Organization International Labour Organization
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22 Survival beyond a prescribed age , to be covered by old age pensions ; pensions pensions
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24 The loss of support suffered by a widowed person or child as the result of the death of the breadwinner -LRB- survivor 's benefit -RRB- ;
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26 Responsibility for the maintenance of children -LRB- family benefit -RRB- ;
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28 The treatment of any morbid condition -LRB- including pregnancy -RRB- , whatever its cause -LRB- medical care -RRB- ; medical care medicine
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30 A suspension of earnings due to pregnancy and confinement and their consequences -LRB- maternity benefit -RRB- ;
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32 A suspension of earnings due to an inability to obtain suitable employment for protected persons who are capable of , and available for , work -LRB- unemployment benefits -RRB- ; unemployment benefits unemployment benefits
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34 A suspension of earnings due to an incapacity for work resulting from a morbid condition -LRB- sickness leave benefit -RRB- ;
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36 A permanent or persistent inability to engage in any gainful activity -LRB- disability benefits -RRB- ; disability benefits disability benefits
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38 The costs and losses involved in medical care , sickness leave , invalidity and death of the breadwinner due to an occupational accident or disease -LRB- employment injuries -RRB- . medical care medicine
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41 People who can not reach a guaranteed social minimum for other reasons may be eligible for social assistance -LRB- or welfare , in American English -RRB- . social minimum minimum wage welfare welfare
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44 Modern authors often consider the ILO approach too narrow .
45 In their view , social security is not limited to the provision of cash transfers , but also aims at security of work , health , and social participation ; and new social risks -LRB- single parenthood , the reconciliation of work and family life -RRB- should be included in the list as well .
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48 Social security may refer to :
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50 social insurance , where people receive benefits or services in recognition of contributions to an insurance program . social insurance social insurance
51 These services typically include provision for retirement pensions , disability insurance , survivor benefits and unemployment insurance . pensions pensions disability insurance disability insurance unemployment insurance unemployment insurance
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53 services provided by government or designated agencies responsible for social security provision .
54 In different countries , that may include medical care , financial support during unemployment , sickness , or retirement , health and safety at work , aspects of social work and even industrial relations . medical care medicine
55
56 basic security irrespective of participation in specific insurance programs where eligibility may otherwise be an issue .
57 For instance , assistance given to newly arrived refugees for basic necessities such as food , clothing , housing , education , money , and medical care . food food clothing clothing housing Home education education money money medical care medicine
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59
60 A report published by the ILO in 2014 estimated that only 27 % of the world 's population has access to comprehensive social security .
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Sleeping_with_Other_People | Sleeping with Other People is a 2015 American romantic comedy film directed and written by Leslye Headland . The film stars Jason Sudeikis , Alison Brie , Natasha Lyonne , Amanda Peet , and Adam Scott . Premiering at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2015 , the film was released theatrically on September 11 , 2015 , by IFC Films . | 0 Sleeping with Other People is a 2015 American romantic comedy film directed and written by Leslye Headland . Leslye Headland Leslye Headland romantic comedy film romantic comedy film
1 The film stars Jason Sudeikis , Alison Brie , Natasha Lyonne , Amanda Peet , and Adam Scott . Jason Sudeikis Jason Sudeikis Alison Brie Alison Brie Adam Scott Adam Scott (actor) Natasha Lyonne Natasha Lyonne Amanda Peet Amanda Peet
2 Premiering at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2015 , the film was released theatrically on September 11 , 2015 , by IFC Films . IFC Films IFC Films Sundance 2015 Sundance Film Festival 2015 Sundance Film Festival 2015 Sundance Film Festival
3 |
Speak_Now | Speak Now is the third studio album by American country singer-songwriter Taylor Swift . It was released on October 25 , 2010 , by Big Machine Records . Production for the album took place during 2009 to 2010 at several recording studios , and was handled by Swift and Nathan Chapman . Written entirely by Swift as the follow-up to Fearless , Speak Now expands on the country pop style of her previous work , and features lyrical themes including love , romance and heartbreak . Speak Now received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised Swift 's songwriting and themes . It received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Country Album , making it her second consecutive nomination in the category , following her 2010 victory for Fearless . Several music critics and publications included Speak Now in their year-end lists . Six singles were released from the album , all of which have either received a platinum or multi-platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- . Swift promoted the album with the Speak Now World Tour , grossing over $ 123 million.Speak Now debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart , giving Swift her second consecutive chart-topper in the U.S. Its first-week sales of 1,047,000 copies was the fifth-biggest debut in history for a female artist , the third biggest ever by a country album -LRB- the first being Swift 's own Red album later released in 2012 -RRB- , the biggest in five and a half years , and the biggest first week sales of 2010 . The album also made music history for claiming the biggest one-week sales tally for an album by a female country artist . As of 2014 , Speak Now is ranked 17th in United States history to sell one million copies in a single week . It was also an international success , charting within the top 10 in several countries , including Australia , Canada , and the United Kingdom . The album has been certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA and , as of January 2015 , has sold 4.5 million copies in the United States . It is also the tenth best-selling digital album of all time.Speak Now was included in Rolling Stone '' s list of `` 50 Best Female Albums of All Time '' in 2012 , ranking at number forty-five . This gave Swift , age 22 at the time of publication , the distinction of being the youngest artist across all genres to be included on the list . | 0 Speak Now is the third studio album by American country singer-songwriter Taylor Swift . Taylor Swift Taylor Swift country country music studio album studio album
1 It was released on October 25 , 2010 , by Big Machine Records . Big Machine Big Machine Records Big Machine Records Big Machine Records
2 Production for the album took place during 2009 to 2010 at several recording studios , and was handled by Swift and Nathan Chapman . Nathan Chapman Nathan Chapman (record producer)
3 Written entirely by Swift as the follow-up to Fearless , Speak Now expands on the country pop style of her previous work , and features lyrical themes including love , romance and heartbreak . country country music Fearless Fearless (Taylor Swift album) country pop country pop
4 Speak Now received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised Swift 's songwriting and themes . music critics music criticism
5 It received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Country Album , making it her second consecutive nomination in the category , following her 2010 victory for Fearless . Fearless Fearless (Taylor Swift album) Grammy Award Grammy Award Best Country Album Grammy Award for Best Country Album
6 Several music critics and publications included Speak Now in their year-end lists . music critics music criticism
7 Six singles were released from the album , all of which have either received a platinum or multi-platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- . Recording Industry Association of America Recording Industry Association of America
8 Swift promoted the album with the Speak Now World Tour , grossing over $ 123 million.Speak Now debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart , giving Swift her second consecutive chart-topper in the U.S. Its first-week sales of 1,047,000 copies was the fifth-biggest debut in history for a female artist , the third biggest ever by a country album -LRB- the first being Swift 's own Red album later released in 2012 -RRB- , the biggest in five and a half years , and the biggest first week sales of 2010 . country country music Speak Now World Tour Speak Now World Tour fifth-biggest debut in history Lists of fastest-selling albums Red Red (Taylor Swift album)
9 The album also made music history for claiming the biggest one-week sales tally for an album by a female country artist . country country music
10 As of 2014 , Speak Now is ranked 17th in United States history to sell one million copies in a single week .
11 It was also an international success , charting within the top 10 in several countries , including Australia , Canada , and the United Kingdom .
12 The album has been certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA and , as of January 2015 , has sold 4.5 million copies in the United States . quadruple platinum RIAA certification
13 It is also the tenth best-selling digital album of all time.Speak Now was included in Rolling Stone '' s list of `` 50 Best Female Albums of All Time '' in 2012 , ranking at number forty-five . Rolling Stone Rolling Stone
14 This gave Swift , age 22 at the time of publication , the distinction of being the youngest artist across all genres to be included on the list .
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Southern_Sporades | Southern Sporades -LRB- Greek Nóties Sporádes -RRB- are Greek islands situated between the Cyclades and Turkey . They correspond to the Dodecanese plus a few northern islands -LRB- especially Samos and Ikaria -RRB- . Also included by some geographers are the islands of Chios and Lesbos . | 0 Southern Sporades -LRB- Greek Nóties Sporádes -RRB- are Greek islands situated between the Cyclades and Turkey . Cyclades Cyclades Turkey Turkey
1 They correspond to the Dodecanese plus a few northern islands -LRB- especially Samos and Ikaria -RRB- . Dodecanese Dodecanese Samos Samos Island Ikaria Ikaria
2 Also included by some geographers are the islands of Chios and Lesbos . Chios Chios Lesbos Lesbos Island
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Soviet_Union | The Soviet Union -LRB- -LSB- Сове́тский Сою́з , r = Sovetskiy Soyuz -RSB- -LSB- sɐ ` vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -LRB- USSR ; Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик , -LSB- sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk -RSB- -RRB- , also known unofficially as Russia -LRB- -LSB- Росси́я , Rossiya , rɐˈsʲijə -RSB- -RRB- , was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple equal national Soviet republics , its government and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects . The country was a one-party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II . In 1922 , the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian , and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin committed the state 's ideology to Marxism -- Leninism -LRB- which he created -RRB- , and initiated a centrally planned economy . As a result , the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . Political paranoia was also fomented around Stalin , and the Great Purge was carried out to remove his opponents from the Communist Party through arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people . Shortly before World War II , Stalin signed the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany , after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939 . In June 1941 , Germany invaded the Soviet Union , opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history . Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad . The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the USSR . The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc which united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955 confronted the Western states which united under NATO in 1949 . Following Stalin 's death in 1953 , a period of political and economic liberalization , known as `` de-Stalinization '' and `` Khrushchev 's Thaw '' , occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev . The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race , with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight . In the 1970s , there was a brief détente of relations with the United States , but tensions resumed with the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979 . In the mid-1980s , the last Soviet leader , Mikhail Gorbachev , sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika . The Cold War ended during his tenure , and in 1989 , Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments . This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well . The government initiated a referendum , boycotted by some Soviet republics , which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation . In August 1991 , an abortive coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners . The Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down the coup . On 25 December 1991 , Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states . The Russian Federation -- formerly the Russian SFSR -- assumed the Soviet Union 's rights and obligations and is recognized as the primary legal successor of the Soviet Union . | 0 The Soviet Union -LRB- -LSB- Сове́тский Сою́з , r = Sovetskiy Soyuz -RSB- -LSB- sɐ ` vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -LRB- USSR ; Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик , -LSB- sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk -RSB- -RRB- , also known unofficially as Russia -LRB- -LSB- Росси́я , Rossiya , rɐˈsʲijə -RSB- -RRB- , was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . socialist state socialist state Soviet Soviet people Eurasia Eurasia
1 Nominally a union of multiple equal national Soviet republics , its government and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects . Soviet Soviet people union Political union Soviet republics Republics of the Soviet Union
2 The country was a one-party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . one-party One-party state federation federation Communist Party Communist Party of the Soviet Union Moscow Moscow
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4
5 The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II . Russian Russian people#Ethnonym Soviet Soviet people Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Lenin October Revolution October Revolution Bolsheviks Bolsheviks Russian Provisional Government Russian Provisional Government Tsar Nicholas II Nicholas II of Russia
6 In 1922 , the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian , and Byelorussian republics . Russian Russian people#Ethnonym Soviet Soviet people Transcaucasian Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic Ukrainian Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Byelorussian Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
7 Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin
8 Stalin committed the state 's ideology to Marxism -- Leninism -LRB- which he created -RRB- , and initiated a centrally planned economy . planned economy planned economy
9 As a result , the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . collectivization Collectivization in the Soviet Union
10 Political paranoia was also fomented around Stalin , and the Great Purge was carried out to remove his opponents from the Communist Party through arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people . Communist Party Communist Party of the Soviet Union Great Purge Great Purge
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12
13 Shortly before World War II , Stalin signed the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany , after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939 . World War II World War II Nazi Germany Nazi Germany invaded Poland Invasion of Poland
14 In June 1941 , Germany invaded the Soviet Union , opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history . Soviet Soviet people Germany invaded the Soviet Union Operation Barbarossa the largest and bloodiest theater of war Eastern Front (World War II)
15 Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad . Soviet Soviet people Axis forces Axis powers Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad
16 The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the USSR .
17 The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc which united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955 confronted the Western states which united under NATO in 1949 . Cold War Cold War Eastern Bloc Eastern Bloc Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact Western states Western Bloc NATO NATO
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19
20 Following Stalin 's death in 1953 , a period of political and economic liberalization , known as `` de-Stalinization '' and `` Khrushchev 's Thaw '' , occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev . de-Stalinization de-Stalinization Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Khrushchev
21 The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race , with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight . Soviet Soviet people Space Race Space Race first artificial satellite Sputnik 1 first human spaceflight Vostok 1
22 In the 1970s , there was a brief détente of relations with the United States , but tensions resumed with the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979 . Soviet Soviet people détente détente
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25 In the mid-1980s , the last Soviet leader , Mikhail Gorbachev , sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika . Soviet Soviet people Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Gorbachev glasnost glasnost perestroika perestroika
26 The Cold War ended during his tenure , and in 1989 , Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments . Soviet Soviet people Cold War Cold War
27 This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well . nationalist and separatist movements Post-Soviet conflicts
28 The government initiated a referendum , boycotted by some Soviet republics , which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation . Soviet Soviet people union Political union Soviet republics Republics of the Soviet Union federation federation referendum Soviet Union referendum, 1991 renewed federation Union of Sovereign States
29 In August 1991 , an abortive coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners . Communist Party Communist Party of the Soviet Union abortive coup d'état 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
30 The Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down the coup . Russian Russian people#Ethnonym Boris Yeltsin Boris Yeltsin
31 On 25 December 1991 , Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states . Soviet Soviet people dissolution of the Soviet Union dissolution of the Soviet Union post-Soviet states post-Soviet states
32 The Russian Federation -- formerly the Russian SFSR -- assumed the Soviet Union 's rights and obligations and is recognized as the primary legal successor of the Soviet Union . Russian Russian people#Ethnonym Soviet Soviet people Russian Federation Russia
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Sridevi | Sridevi Kapoor -LRB- born Shree Amma Yanger Ayyapan ; 13 August 1963 -RRB- is an Indian film actress who has worked in Tamil , Hindi , Telugu , Malayalam and Kannada films . She has been called the first female superstar of Hindi cinema . Sridevi started her career as a child artist in M.A. Thirumugham 's devotional Thunaivan at the age of four , and continued to act as a child artist in Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam and Kannada films . She made her Bollywood debut as a child artist in the hit Julie -LRB- 1975 -RRB- and played her first adult role at age 13 with the Tamil film Moondru Mudichu -LRB- 1976 -RRB- . Subsequently , Sridevi established herself as one of the leading actresses of Tamil and Telugu cinema , with roles such as 16 Vayathinile -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , Sigappu Rojakkal -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Varumayin Niram Sivappu -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , Meendum Kokila -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Premabhishekam -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Moondram Pirai -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Aakhari Poratam -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Jagadeka Veerudu Atiloka Sundari -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , and Kshana Kshanam -LRB- 1991 -RRB- . In Bollywood , she made her debut as a lead actress in Solva Sawan -LRB- 1978 -RRB- and gained wide public attention with the movie Himmatwala -LRB- 1983 -RRB- . She appeared in a string of commercially successful movies like Mawaali -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , Tohfa -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Naya Kadam -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Masterji -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , Maqsad -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , Nazrana -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Mr. India -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Waqt Ki Awaz -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Chandni -LRB- 1989 -RRB- . She also received critical acclaim for commercially successful movies like Sadma -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , Nagina -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , ChaalBaaz -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , Lamhe -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Khuda Gawah -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , Gumrah -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , Laadla -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , Judaai -LRB- 1997 -RRB- . In 2012 , Sridevi returned to films after a 15-year-long hiatus with English Vinglish and became the only actress in the history of Hindi and Tamil cinema to make a highly successful comeback . In 2013 , the Government of India awarded her Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian honor . She was also voted ` India 's Greatest Actress in 100 Years ' in a CNN-IBN national poll conducted in 2013 on the occasion of the Centenary of Indian Cinema . In her career , Sridevi has won five Filmfare Awards . | 0 Sridevi Kapoor -LRB- born Shree Amma Yanger Ayyapan ; 13 August 1963 -RRB- is an Indian film actress who has worked in Tamil , Hindi , Telugu , Malayalam and Kannada films . Tamil Tamil cinema Telugu Telugu cinema Indian Indian cinema film actress film actress Hindi Bollywood Malayalam Malayalam cinema Kannada Kannada language
1 She has been called the first female superstar of Hindi cinema . Hindi Bollywood Hindi cinema Hindi cinema
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4 Sridevi started her career as a child artist in M.A. Thirumugham 's devotional Thunaivan at the age of four , and continued to act as a child artist in Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam and Kannada films . Tamil Tamil cinema Telugu Telugu cinema Malayalam Malayalam cinema Kannada Kannada language
5 She made her Bollywood debut as a child artist in the hit Julie -LRB- 1975 -RRB- and played her first adult role at age 13 with the Tamil film Moondru Mudichu -LRB- 1976 -RRB- . Tamil Tamil cinema Bollywood Bollywood Julie Julie (1975 film) Moondru Mudichu Moondru Mudichu
6 Subsequently , Sridevi established herself as one of the leading actresses of Tamil and Telugu cinema , with roles such as 16 Vayathinile -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , Sigappu Rojakkal -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Varumayin Niram Sivappu -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , Meendum Kokila -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Premabhishekam -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Moondram Pirai -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Aakhari Poratam -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Jagadeka Veerudu Atiloka Sundari -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , and Kshana Kshanam -LRB- 1991 -RRB- . Tamil Tamil cinema Telugu Telugu cinema 16 Vayathinile 16 Vayathinile Sigappu Rojakkal Sigappu Rojakkal Varumayin Niram Sivappu Varumayin Niram Sivappu Meendum Kokila Meendum Kokila Premabhishekam Premabhishekam (1981 film) Moondram Pirai Moondram Pirai Aakhari Poratam Aakhari Poratam Jagadeka Veerudu Atiloka Sundari Jagadeka Veerudu Atiloka Sundari Kshana Kshanam Kshana Kshanam
7
8
9 In Bollywood , she made her debut as a lead actress in Solva Sawan -LRB- 1978 -RRB- and gained wide public attention with the movie Himmatwala -LRB- 1983 -RRB- . Bollywood Bollywood Solva Sawan Solva Sawan Himmatwala Himmatwala (1983 film)
10 She appeared in a string of commercially successful movies like Mawaali -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , Tohfa -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Naya Kadam -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Masterji -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , Maqsad -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , Nazrana -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Mr. India -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Waqt Ki Awaz -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Chandni -LRB- 1989 -RRB- . Mawaali Mawaali Tohfa Tohfa Naya Kadam Naya Kadam Masterji Masterji Maqsad Maqsad Nazrana Nazrana (1987 film) Mr. India Mr. India Waqt Ki Awaz Waqt Ki Awaz Chandni Chandni
11 She also received critical acclaim for commercially successful movies like Sadma -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , Nagina -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , ChaalBaaz -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , Lamhe -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Khuda Gawah -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , Gumrah -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , Laadla -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , Judaai -LRB- 1997 -RRB- . Sadma Sadma Nagina Nagina (1986 film) ChaalBaaz ChaalBaaz Lamhe Lamhe Khuda Gawah Khuda Gawah Gumrah Gumrah (1993 film) Laadla Laadla (film) Judaai Judaai (1997 film)
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14 In 2012 , Sridevi returned to films after a 15-year-long hiatus with English Vinglish and became the only actress in the history of Hindi and Tamil cinema to make a highly successful comeback . Tamil Tamil cinema Hindi Bollywood English Vinglish English Vinglish
15 In 2013 , the Government of India awarded her Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian honor . Padma Shri Padma Shri Government of India Government of India
16 She was also voted ` India 's Greatest Actress in 100 Years ' in a CNN-IBN national poll conducted in 2013 on the occasion of the Centenary of Indian Cinema . Indian Indian cinema CNN-IBN CNN-IBN
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19 In her career , Sridevi has won five Filmfare Awards . Filmfare Awards Filmfare Awards
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Soul_Intent_-LRB-group-RRB- | Soul Intent was an American hip hop group . Soul Intent consisted of Eminem , Proof , Chaos Kid , Manix and DJ Butter Fingers . On October 5 , 2011 , Chaos Kid committed suicide . Manix is still active in producing music and currently resides in Metro Detroit . | 0 Soul Intent was an American hip hop group .
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3 Soul Intent consisted of Eminem , Proof , Chaos Kid , Manix and DJ Butter Fingers . Proof Proof (rapper) Eminem Eminem
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6 On October 5 , 2011 , Chaos Kid committed suicide .
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9 Manix is still active in producing music and currently resides in Metro Detroit .
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Song_Sung_Blue | `` Song Sung Blue '' is a 1972 hit song written and recorded by Neil Diamond , inspired by the second movement of Mozart 's Piano Concerto # 21 . The song was released on Diamond 's album , Moods and later appeared on many of Diamond 's live and compilation albums . It was his second No. 1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States , after 1970 's `` Cracklin ' Rosie '' , and to date his last . The song spent twelve weeks in the Top 40 . In addition , `` Song Sung Blue '' spent seven weeks at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart . It also made the pop chart in the United Kingdom , reaching No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart . The song has become one of Diamond 's standards , and he often performs it during concerts . `` Song Sung Blue '' was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1973 , Record of the Year and Song of the Year . Both awards that year were won by Roberta Flack 's rendition of Ewan MacColl 's song , `` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face '' . Diamond described `` Song Sung Blue '' in the liner notes to his 1996 compilation album , In My Lifetime , as a `` very basic message , unadorned . I did n't even write a bridge to it . I never expected anyone to react to `` Song Sung Blue '' the way they did . I just like it , the message and the way a few words said so many things . '' The song inspired the title of a 2008 documentary about a Neil Diamond impersonator who was married to a Patsy Cline impersonator . | 0 `` Song Sung Blue '' is a 1972 hit song written and recorded by Neil Diamond , inspired by the second movement of Mozart 's Piano Concerto # 21 . Neil Diamond Neil Diamond 1972 1972 in music
1 The song was released on Diamond 's album , Moods and later appeared on many of Diamond 's live and compilation albums . Moods Moods (Neil Diamond album)
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4 It was his second No. 1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States , after 1970 's `` Cracklin ' Rosie '' , and to date his last . United States United States 1970 1970 in music
5 The song spent twelve weeks in the Top 40 . Top 40 Top 40
6 In addition , `` Song Sung Blue '' spent seven weeks at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart . adult contemporary Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks
7 It also made the pop chart in the United Kingdom , reaching No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart . United Kingdom United Kingdom UK Singles Chart UK Singles Chart
8 The song has become one of Diamond 's standards , and he often performs it during concerts .
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11 `` Song Sung Blue '' was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1973 , Record of the Year and Song of the Year . 1973 Grammy Awards of 1973 Record of the Year Grammy Award for Record of the Year Song of the Year Grammy Award for Song of the Year
12 Both awards that year were won by Roberta Flack 's rendition of Ewan MacColl 's song , `` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face '' . Roberta Flack Roberta Flack Ewan MacColl Ewan MacColl The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face
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15 Diamond described `` Song Sung Blue '' in the liner notes to his 1996 compilation album , In My Lifetime , as a `` very basic message , unadorned .
16 I did n't even write a bridge to it . bridge bridge (music)
17 I never expected anyone to react to `` Song Sung Blue '' the way they did .
18 I just like it , the message and the way a few words said so many things . ''
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21 The song inspired the title of a 2008 documentary about a Neil Diamond impersonator who was married to a Patsy Cline impersonator . Neil Diamond Neil Diamond Patsy Cline Patsy Cline
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Six_Flags | Six Flags , officially Six Flags Entertainment Corporation , is an amusement park corporation based in the United States , with properties in the US , Canada , and Mexico . It is the largest amusement park company in the world , based on the number of properties owned , and is ranked fifth in terms of attendance . The company maintains twenty properties throughout North America including theme parks , thrill parks , water parks , and family entertainment centers . In 2015 , Six Flags properties hosted over 28.5 million guests . Six Flags was founded in Texas and derived its name from its first property , Six Flags Over Texas . The company maintains a corporate office in Midtown Manhattan and its headquarters are in Grand Prairie , Texas . On June 13 , 2009 , the corporation filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection , which it successfully exited after restructuring on May 3 , 2010 . | 0 Six Flags , officially Six Flags Entertainment Corporation , is an amusement park corporation based in the United States , with properties in the US , Canada , and Mexico .
1 It is the largest amusement park company in the world , based on the number of properties owned , and is ranked fifth in terms of attendance . ranked fifth List of amusement park attendance figures
2 The company maintains twenty properties throughout North America including theme parks , thrill parks , water parks , and family entertainment centers .
3 In 2015 , Six Flags properties hosted over 28.5 million guests .
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6 Six Flags was founded in Texas and derived its name from its first property , Six Flags Over Texas . Texas Texas Six Flags Over Texas Six Flags Over Texas
7 The company maintains a corporate office in Midtown Manhattan and its headquarters are in Grand Prairie , Texas . Grand Prairie Grand Prairie, Texas Texas Texas Midtown Manhattan Midtown Manhattan
8 On June 13 , 2009 , the corporation filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection , which it successfully exited after restructuring on May 3 , 2010 . bankruptcy protection bankruptcy protection
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Slash_-LRB-musician-RRB- | Saul Hudson -LRB- born July 23 , 1965 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Slash , is a British-American musician and songwriter . He is best known as the lead guitarist of the American rock band Guns N ' Roses , with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s and early 1990s . During his later years with Guns N ' Roses , Slash formed the side project Slash 's Snakepit . After leaving Guns N ' Roses in 1996 , he co-founded the supergroup Velvet Revolver , which re-established him as a mainstream performer in the mid to late 2000s . Slash has since released three solo albums : Slash -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , featuring an array of famous guest musicians , and Apocalyptic Love -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and World on Fire -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , recorded with his band , Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators . He returned to Guns N ' Roses in 2016 , nearly 20 years after he had left . Slash has received critical acclaim and is considered as one of the greatest rock guitarists . Time Magazine named him runner-up on their list of `` The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players '' in 2009 , while Rolling Stone Magazine placed him at No. 65 on their list of `` The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' in 2011 . Guitar World ranked his guitar solo in `` November Rain '' No. 6 on their list of `` The 100 Greatest Guitar Solos '' in 2008 , and Total Guitar placed his riff in `` Sweet Child o ' Mine '' at No. 1 on their list of `` The 100 Greatest Riffs '' in 2004 . During 2010 Gibson Guitar Corporation ranked Slash as No. 34 on their `` Top 50 Guitarists of All Time '' , while their readers landed him No. 9 on Gibson 's `` Top 25 Guitarists of All Time '' . In 2012 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N ' Roses ' classic line-up . | 0 Saul Hudson -LRB- born July 23 , 1965 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Slash , is a British-American musician and songwriter . Slash Slash (album)
1 He is best known as the lead guitarist of the American rock band Guns N ' Roses , with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s and early 1990s .
2 During his later years with Guns N ' Roses , Slash formed the side project Slash 's Snakepit . Slash Slash (album)
3 After leaving Guns N ' Roses in 1996 , he co-founded the supergroup Velvet Revolver , which re-established him as a mainstream performer in the mid to late 2000s . Velvet Revolver Velvet Revolver supergroup supergroup (music)
4 Slash has since released three solo albums : Slash -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , featuring an array of famous guest musicians , and Apocalyptic Love -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and World on Fire -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , recorded with his band , Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators . Myles Kennedy Myles Kennedy Slash Slash (album) Apocalyptic Love Apocalyptic Love World on Fire World on Fire (album) Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators List of Slash band members
5 He returned to Guns N ' Roses in 2016 , nearly 20 years after he had left .
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8 Slash has received critical acclaim and is considered as one of the greatest rock guitarists . Slash Slash (album)
9 Time Magazine named him runner-up on their list of `` The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players '' in 2009 , while Rolling Stone Magazine placed him at No. 65 on their list of `` The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' in 2011 . Guitar Guitar Time Time (magazine) Rolling Stone Rolling Stone
10 Guitar World ranked his guitar solo in `` November Rain '' No. 6 on their list of `` The 100 Greatest Guitar Solos '' in 2008 , and Total Guitar placed his riff in `` Sweet Child o ' Mine '' at No. 1 on their list of `` The 100 Greatest Riffs '' in 2004 . Guitar Guitar Guitar World Guitar World November Rain November Rain Total Guitar Total Guitar riff riff
11 During 2010 Gibson Guitar Corporation ranked Slash as No. 34 on their `` Top 50 Guitarists of All Time '' , while their readers landed him No. 9 on Gibson 's `` Top 25 Guitarists of All Time '' . Guitar Guitar Slash Slash (album) Time Time (magazine) Gibson Guitar Corporation Gibson Guitar Corporation Gibson Gibson Guitar Corporation
12 In 2012 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N ' Roses ' classic line-up . Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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Skin_Wars | Skin Wars is a body painting reality competition hosted by Rebecca Romijn that premiered on Game Show Network on August 6 , 2014 . Contestants on the series perform challenges containing body painting each episode . At the end of each episode , one contestant is eliminated and told `` It 's time to wash off your canvas . '' | 0 Skin Wars is a body painting reality competition hosted by Rebecca Romijn that premiered on Game Show Network on August 6 , 2014 . Rebecca Romijn Rebecca Romijn Game Show Network Game Show Network body painting body painting
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3 Contestants on the series perform challenges containing body painting each episode . body painting body painting
4 At the end of each episode , one contestant is eliminated and told `` It 's time to wash off your canvas . ''
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South_Wales_Valleys | The South Wales Valleys -LRB- Cymoedd De Cymru -RRB- are a number of industrialised valleys in South Wales . Commonly referred to locally as The Valleys -LRB- Y Cymoedd -RRB- , they stretch from eastern Carmarthenshire in the west to western Monmouthshire in the east and from the Heads of the Valleys in the north to the edge of the lower-lying , pastoral country of the Vale of Glamorgan and the coastal plain around Swansea Bay , Bridgend , the capital Cardiff , and Newport . Many of the valleys run roughly parallel to each other . The Rhondda Valleys and the Cynon Valley are located roughly in the centre . | 0 The South Wales Valleys -LRB- Cymoedd De Cymru -RRB- are a number of industrialised valleys in South Wales . South Wales South Wales
1 Commonly referred to locally as The Valleys -LRB- Y Cymoedd -RRB- , they stretch from eastern Carmarthenshire in the west to western Monmouthshire in the east and from the Heads of the Valleys in the north to the edge of the lower-lying , pastoral country of the Vale of Glamorgan and the coastal plain around Swansea Bay , Bridgend , the capital Cardiff , and Newport . Carmarthenshire Carmarthenshire Monmouthshire Monmouthshire (historic) Heads of the Valleys Heads of the Valleys pastoral pastoralism Vale of Glamorgan Vale of Glamorgan Swansea Bay Swansea Bay Bridgend Bridgend Cardiff Cardiff Newport Newport, Wales
2 Many of the valleys run roughly parallel to each other .
3 The Rhondda Valleys and the Cynon Valley are located roughly in the centre . Rhondda Rhondda Cynon Valley Cynon Valley
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Smile_-LRB-The_Beach_Boys_album-RRB- | Smile -LRB- stylized as SMiLE -RRB- was a projected album by American rock band the Beach Boys intended to follow their 11th studio album , Pet Sounds -LRB- 1966 -RRB- . After bandleader Brian Wilson abandoned large portions of music recorded over a ten-month period , the band substituted its release with Smiley Smile -LRB- 1967 -RRB- , an album containing stripped-down remakes of some Smile material . Some of the original Smile tracks eventually found their way onto subsequent Beach Boys ' studio and compilation albums . As more fans learned of the project 's origins , details of its recordings acquired considerable mystique , and it was later acknowledged as the most legendary unreleased album in the history of popular music . Working with lyricist Van Dyke Parks , Smile was composed as a multi-thematic concept album , existing today in its unfinished and fragmented state as an unordered series of abstract musical vignettes . Its genesis came during the recording of Pet Sounds , when Wilson began recording a new single , `` Good Vibrations '' . The track was created by an unprecedented recording technique : over 90 hours of tape was recorded , spliced , and reduced into a three-minute pop song . It quickly became the band 's biggest international hit yet ; Smile was to be produced in a similar fashion . Wilson touted the album as `` a teenage symphony to God '' , incorporating a range of music styles including psychedelic , doo-wop , barbershop singing , ragtime , yodeling , early American folk , classical music , and avant-garde explorations into noise and musical acoustics . Its projected singles were `` Heroes and Villains '' , a Western musical comedy , and `` Vega-Tables '' , a satire of physical fitness . The album 's collapse has been attributed to several personal , technical , and legal issues which surrounded its making . The majority of its backing tracks were completed between August and December 1966 . A deadline set for January 1967 was missed , and Parks soon distanced himself from the project . In June , the Beach Boys reconvened at Brian 's makeshift home studio to record Smiley Smile . Many attempts were then made to complete the original Smile , most of which were derailed by Wilson , who became psychologically traumatized by the album . It was in the 1980s when bootlegged tracks from Smile began circulating widely among record collectors , encouraging others to assemble their own versions using what surviving recordings were available . The potential of what Smile could have been inspired many musicians , particularly those in indie rock , while the album 's saga became a touchstone for chamber pop and the more art-inclined sectors of post-punk . As a solo artist , Wilson reinterpreted the project for concert performances in 2004 , and then followed up with the studio album Brian Wilson Presents Smile . Although he had ostensibly completed the work , Wilson clarified that his 2004 arrangement differed substantially from how he had first conceptualized the album during the 1960s . On October 31 , 2011 , The Smile Sessions was released containing an approximation of what the Beach Boys ' completed Smile might have sounded like based on the structure of Brian Wilson Presents Smile . It received universal acclaim . In 2012 , the compilation was ranked number 381 in Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list . In 2013 , it won the Best Historical Album award at the 55th Grammy Awards . | 0 Smile -LRB- stylized as SMiLE -RRB- was a projected album by American rock band the Beach Boys intended to follow their 11th studio album , Pet Sounds -LRB- 1966 -RRB- . Pet Sounds Pet Sounds projected album unfinished creative work rock rock music the Beach Boys the Beach Boys studio studio album
1 After bandleader Brian Wilson abandoned large portions of music recorded over a ten-month period , the band substituted its release with Smiley Smile -LRB- 1967 -RRB- , an album containing stripped-down remakes of some Smile material . Brian Wilson Brian Wilson Smiley Smile Smiley Smile
2 Some of the original Smile tracks eventually found their way onto subsequent Beach Boys ' studio and compilation albums . studio studio album
3 As more fans learned of the project 's origins , details of its recordings acquired considerable mystique , and it was later acknowledged as the most legendary unreleased album in the history of popular music . popular music popular music
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5
6 Working with lyricist Van Dyke Parks , Smile was composed as a multi-thematic concept album , existing today in its unfinished and fragmented state as an unordered series of abstract musical vignettes . Van Dyke Parks Van Dyke Parks concept album concept album abstract musical abstract art
7 Its genesis came during the recording of Pet Sounds , when Wilson began recording a new single , `` Good Vibrations '' . Pet Sounds Pet Sounds Good Vibrations Good Vibrations
8 The track was created by an unprecedented recording technique : over 90 hours of tape was recorded , spliced , and reduced into a three-minute pop song . spliced tape splicing
9 It quickly became the band 's biggest international hit yet ; Smile was to be produced in a similar fashion .
10 Wilson touted the album as `` a teenage symphony to God '' , incorporating a range of music styles including psychedelic , doo-wop , barbershop singing , ragtime , yodeling , early American folk , classical music , and avant-garde explorations into noise and musical acoustics . symphony symphony psychedelic psychedelic (music) doo-wop doo-wop barbershop singing barbershop music ragtime ragtime yodeling yodeling early American folk Western music (North America) classical music classical music avant-garde avant-garde music noise noise (music) musical acoustics musical acoustics
11 Its projected singles were `` Heroes and Villains '' , a Western musical comedy , and `` Vega-Tables '' , a satire of physical fitness . Heroes and Villains Heroes and Villains Western Western (genre) Vega-Tables Vega-Tables physical fitness physical fitness
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14 The album 's collapse has been attributed to several personal , technical , and legal issues which surrounded its making .
15 The majority of its backing tracks were completed between August and December 1966 .
16 A deadline set for January 1967 was missed , and Parks soon distanced himself from the project .
17 In June , the Beach Boys reconvened at Brian 's makeshift home studio to record Smiley Smile . Smiley Smile Smiley Smile the Beach Boys the Beach Boys studio studio album
18 Many attempts were then made to complete the original Smile , most of which were derailed by Wilson , who became psychologically traumatized by the album . psychologically traumatized psychological trauma
19 It was in the 1980s when bootlegged tracks from Smile began circulating widely among record collectors , encouraging others to assemble their own versions using what surviving recordings were available . record collectors Record collecting
20 The potential of what Smile could have been inspired many musicians , particularly those in indie rock , while the album 's saga became a touchstone for chamber pop and the more art-inclined sectors of post-punk . rock rock music indie rock indie rock chamber pop chamber pop post-punk post-punk
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23 As a solo artist , Wilson reinterpreted the project for concert performances in 2004 , and then followed up with the studio album Brian Wilson Presents Smile . Brian Wilson Brian Wilson studio studio album Brian Wilson Presents Smile Brian Wilson Presents Smile
24 Although he had ostensibly completed the work , Wilson clarified that his 2004 arrangement differed substantially from how he had first conceptualized the album during the 1960s .
25 On October 31 , 2011 , The Smile Sessions was released containing an approximation of what the Beach Boys ' completed Smile might have sounded like based on the structure of Brian Wilson Presents Smile . Brian Wilson Brian Wilson the Beach Boys the Beach Boys Brian Wilson Presents Smile Brian Wilson Presents Smile The Smile Sessions The Smile Sessions
26 It received universal acclaim .
27 In 2012 , the compilation was ranked number 381 in Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list . Rolling Stone Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Albums of All Time The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time
28 In 2013 , it won the Best Historical Album award at the 55th Grammy Awards . Best Historical Album Best Historical Album 55th Grammy Awards 2013 Grammy Awards
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SolarCity | SolarCity Corporation is an American company that specializes in solar energy services and is headquartered in San Mateo , California . SolarCity 's long-term agreements with its customers generate recurring payments and create a portfolio of high-quality receivables that it monetizes to further reduce the cost of making the switch to solar energy . It offers energy storage services through its parent company , Tesla Inc. , including a turnkey residential battery backup service that incorporates Tesla 's Powerwall . | 0 SolarCity Corporation is an American company that specializes in solar energy services and is headquartered in San Mateo , California . San Mateo San Mateo, California California California
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3 SolarCity 's long-term agreements with its customers generate recurring payments and create a portfolio of high-quality receivables that it monetizes to further reduce the cost of making the switch to solar energy .
4 It offers energy storage services through its parent company , Tesla Inc. , including a turnkey residential battery backup service that incorporates Tesla 's Powerwall . Powerwall Tesla Powerwall
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South_London | South London is the southern part of London , England . According to the 2011 official Boundary Commission for England definition , the area includes the London boroughs of Bexley , Bromley , Croydon , Greenwich , Kingston , Lambeth , Lewisham , Merton , Richmond , Southwark , Sutton and Wandsworth . | 0 South London is the southern part of London , England . London Greater London
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3 According to the 2011 official Boundary Commission for England definition , the area includes the London boroughs of Bexley , Bromley , Croydon , Greenwich , Kingston , Lambeth , Lewisham , Merton , Richmond , Southwark , Sutton and Wandsworth . London Greater London Bexley London Borough of Bexley Bromley London Borough of Bromley Croydon London Borough of Croydon Greenwich Royal Borough of Greenwich Kingston Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames Lambeth London Borough of Lambeth Lewisham London Borough of Lewisham Merton London Borough of Merton Richmond London Borough of Richmond Upon Thames Southwark London Borough of Southwark Sutton London Borough of Sutton Wandsworth London Borough of Wandsworth Boundary Commission for England Boundary Commission for England
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Soundgarden | Soundgarden is an American rock band formed in Seattle , Washington , in 1984 by singer and rhythm guitarist Chris Cornell , lead guitarist Kim Thayil , and bassist Hiro Yamamoto . Matt Cameron became the band 's full-time drummer in 1986 , while bassist Ben Shepherd became a permanent replacement for Yamamoto in 1990 . Cornell remained in Soundgarden until his death in May 2017 , putting the band 's future in doubt and leaving Thayil as the only remaining original member of the band . Soundgarden was one of the seminal bands in the creation of grunge , a style of alternative rock that developed in Seattle , and was one of a number of grunge bands signed to the record label Sub Pop . Soundgarden was the first grunge band to sign to a major label -LRB- A&M Records in 1988 -RRB- , though the band did not achieve commercial success until they popularized the genre in the early 1990s with Seattle contemporaries Pearl Jam , Nirvana , and Alice in Chains . Soundgarden achieved its biggest success with the 1994 album Superunknown , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and yielded the Grammy Award-winning singles `` Black Hole Sun '' and `` Spoonman '' . In 1997 , the band broke up due to internal strife over its creative direction . After more than a decade of working on projects and other bands , Soundgarden reunited in 2010 and their sixth studio album , King Animal , was released two years later . As of 2012 , Soundgarden sold more than 10.5 million records in the United States , and an estimated 22.5 million worldwide . VH1 ranked Soundgarden at number 14 in their special 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock . | 0 Soundgarden is an American rock band formed in Seattle , Washington , in 1984 by singer and rhythm guitarist Chris Cornell , lead guitarist Kim Thayil , and bassist Hiro Yamamoto . Kim Thayil Kim Thayil Chris Cornell Chris Cornell Hiro Yamamoto Hiro Yamamoto rock Rock music
1 Matt Cameron became the band 's full-time drummer in 1986 , while bassist Ben Shepherd became a permanent replacement for Yamamoto in 1990 . Matt Cameron Matt Cameron Ben Shepherd Ben Shepherd
2 Cornell remained in Soundgarden until his death in May 2017 , putting the band 's future in doubt and leaving Thayil as the only remaining original member of the band .
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5 Soundgarden was one of the seminal bands in the creation of grunge , a style of alternative rock that developed in Seattle , and was one of a number of grunge bands signed to the record label Sub Pop . alternative rock alternative rock Sub Pop Sub Pop rock Rock music grunge grunge
6 Soundgarden was the first grunge band to sign to a major label -LRB- A&M Records in 1988 -RRB- , though the band did not achieve commercial success until they popularized the genre in the early 1990s with Seattle contemporaries Pearl Jam , Nirvana , and Alice in Chains . A&M A&M Records Pearl Jam Pearl Jam grunge grunge A&M Records A&M Records Nirvana Nirvana (band) Alice in Chains Alice in Chains
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9 Soundgarden achieved its biggest success with the 1994 album Superunknown , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and yielded the Grammy Award-winning singles `` Black Hole Sun '' and `` Spoonman '' . Superunknown Superunknown Grammy Award Grammy Award Black Hole Sun Black Hole Sun Spoonman Spoonman
10 In 1997 , the band broke up due to internal strife over its creative direction .
11 After more than a decade of working on projects and other bands , Soundgarden reunited in 2010 and their sixth studio album , King Animal , was released two years later . King Animal King Animal
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14 As of 2012 , Soundgarden sold more than 10.5 million records in the United States , and an estimated 22.5 million worldwide .
15 VH1 ranked Soundgarden at number 14 in their special 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock . VH1 VH1
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Southport | Southport -LRB- -LSB- ˈsaʊθpɔrt -RSB- -RRB- is a large seaside town in Merseyside , England . At the 2001 census , it had a population of 90,336 , making it the eleventh most populous settlement in North West England . Southport lies on the Irish Sea coast and is fringed to the north by the Ribble estuary . The town is 16.7 mi north of Liverpool and 14.8 mi southwest of Preston . Historically part of Lancashire , the town was founded in 1792 when William Sutton , an innkeeper from Churchtown , built a bathing house at what now is the south end of Lord Street . At that time , the area , known as South Hawes , was sparsely populated and dominated by sand dunes . At the turn of the 19th century , the area became popular with tourists due to the easy access from the nearby Leeds and Liverpool Canal . The rapid growth of Southport largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era . Town attractions include Southport Pier with its Southport Pier Tramway , the second longest seaside pleasure pier in the British Isles and Lord Street , an elegant tree-lined shopping street , once home of Napoleon III of France . Extensive sand dunes stretch for several miles between Birkdale and Woodvale to the south of the town . The Ainsdale sand dunes have been designated as a national nature reserve and a Ramsar site . Local fauna include the Natterjack toad and the Sand lizard . The town contains examples of Victorian architecture and town planning , on Lord Street and elsewhere . A particular feature of the town is the extensive tree planting . This was one of the conditions required by the Hesketh family when they made land available for development in the 19th century . Hesketh Park at the northern end of the town is named after them , having been built on land donated by Rev. Charles Hesketh . Southport today is still one of the most popular seaside resorts in the UK . It hosts various events , including an annual air show on and over the beach , and the largest independent flower show in the UK , in Victoria Park . The town is at the centre of England 's Golf Coast and has hosted the Open Championship at the Royal Birkdale Golf Club . | 0 Southport -LRB- -LSB- ˈsaʊθpɔrt -RSB- -RRB- is a large seaside town in Merseyside , England . Merseyside Merseyside Southport Southport (UK Parliament constituency) seaside town seaside resort
1 At the 2001 census , it had a population of 90,336 , making it the eleventh most populous settlement in North West England . 2001 census United Kingdom Census 2001 eleventh List of North West England cities and metropolitan areas by population North West England North West England
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4 Southport lies on the Irish Sea coast and is fringed to the north by the Ribble estuary . Southport Southport (UK Parliament constituency) Irish Sea Irish Sea Ribble estuary Ribble and Alt Estuaries
5 The town is 16.7 mi north of Liverpool and 14.8 mi southwest of Preston . Liverpool Liverpool Preston Preston, Lancashire
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8 Historically part of Lancashire , the town was founded in 1792 when William Sutton , an innkeeper from Churchtown , built a bathing house at what now is the south end of Lord Street . Lord Street Lord Street, Southport Historically Historic counties of England Lancashire Lancashire William Sutton William Sutton (Southport) Churchtown Churchtown, Merseyside
9 At that time , the area , known as South Hawes , was sparsely populated and dominated by sand dunes .
10 At the turn of the 19th century , the area became popular with tourists due to the easy access from the nearby Leeds and Liverpool Canal . Liverpool Liverpool Leeds and Liverpool Canal Leeds and Liverpool Canal
11 The rapid growth of Southport largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era . Southport Southport (UK Parliament constituency) Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Victorian era Victorian era
12 Town attractions include Southport Pier with its Southport Pier Tramway , the second longest seaside pleasure pier in the British Isles and Lord Street , an elegant tree-lined shopping street , once home of Napoleon III of France . Southport Southport (UK Parliament constituency) Lord Street Lord Street, Southport Southport Pier Southport Pier Southport Pier Tramway Southport Pier Tramway pier pier British Isles British Isles Napoleon III of France Napoleon III of France
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15 Extensive sand dunes stretch for several miles between Birkdale and Woodvale to the south of the town . Birkdale Birkdale Woodvale Woodvale, Merseyside
16 The Ainsdale sand dunes have been designated as a national nature reserve and a Ramsar site . Ainsdale Ainsdale national nature reserve National nature reserves in England Ramsar Ramsar Convention
17 Local fauna include the Natterjack toad and the Sand lizard . Natterjack toad Natterjack toad Sand lizard Sand lizard
18 The town contains examples of Victorian architecture and town planning , on Lord Street and elsewhere . Lord Street Lord Street, Southport Victorian architecture Victorian architecture town planning town planning
19 A particular feature of the town is the extensive tree planting .
20 This was one of the conditions required by the Hesketh family when they made land available for development in the 19th century .
21 Hesketh Park at the northern end of the town is named after them , having been built on land donated by Rev. Charles Hesketh .
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24 Southport today is still one of the most popular seaside resorts in the UK . Southport Southport (UK Parliament constituency)
25 It hosts various events , including an annual air show on and over the beach , and the largest independent flower show in the UK , in Victoria Park . annual air show Southport Airshow flower show Southport Flower Show Victoria Park Victoria Park, Southport
26 The town is at the centre of England 's Golf Coast and has hosted the Open Championship at the Royal Birkdale Golf Club . Birkdale Birkdale the Open Championship the Open Championship Royal Birkdale Golf Club Royal Birkdale Golf Club
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Socrates | Socrates -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɒkrətiːz -RSB- Σωκράτης -LSB- - grcsɔːkrátɛːs -RSB- , Sōkrátēs ; 470/469 -- 399 BC -RRB- was a classical Greek -LRB- Athenian -RRB- philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy . He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers , especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes . Plato 's dialogues are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity , though it is unclear the degree to which Socrates himself is `` hidden behind his ` best disciple ' , Plato '' . Through his portrayal in Plato 's dialogues , Socrates has become renowned for his contribution to the field of ethics , and it is this Platonic Socrates who lends his name to the concepts of Socratic irony and the Socratic method , or elenchus . The latter remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions , and is a type of pedagogy in which a series of questions is asked not only to draw individual answers , but also to encourage fundamental insight into the issue at hand . Plato 's Socrates also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology , and his ideologies and approach have proven a strong foundation for much Western philosophy that has followed . | 0 Socrates -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɒkrətiːz -RSB- Σωκράτης -LSB- - grcsɔːkrátɛːs -RSB- , Sōkrátēs ; 470/469 -- 399 BC -RRB- was a classical Greek -LRB- Athenian -RRB- philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy . Western philosophy Western philosophy Greek Greeks classical Greek Classical Greece Athenian Classical Athens philosopher Philosophy
1 He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers , especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes . Plato Plato classical writers classical writers Xenophon Xenophon Aristophanes Aristophanes
2 Plato 's dialogues are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity , though it is unclear the degree to which Socrates himself is `` hidden behind his ` best disciple ' , Plato '' . Plato Plato
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5 Through his portrayal in Plato 's dialogues , Socrates has become renowned for his contribution to the field of ethics , and it is this Platonic Socrates who lends his name to the concepts of Socratic irony and the Socratic method , or elenchus . ethics ethics Plato Plato Socratic method Socratic method Socratic irony Irony#Socratic irony
6 The latter remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions , and is a type of pedagogy in which a series of questions is asked not only to draw individual answers , but also to encourage fundamental insight into the issue at hand . pedagogy pedagogy
7 Plato 's Socrates also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology , and his ideologies and approach have proven a strong foundation for much Western philosophy that has followed . Western philosophy Western philosophy Plato Plato epistemology epistemology
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Spider-Man | Spider-Man is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and writer-artist Steve Ditko , and first appeared in the anthology comic book Amazing Fantasy # 15 -LRB- Aug. 1962 -RRB- in the Silver Age of Comic Books . Lee and Ditko conceived the character as an orphan being raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben , and as a teenager , having to deal with the normal struggles of adolescence in addition to those of a costumed crime-fighter . Spider-Man 's creators gave him super strength and agility , the ability to cling to most surfaces , shoot spider-webs using wrist-mounted devices of his own invention , which he calls `` web-shooters '' , and react to danger quickly with his `` spider-sense '' , enabling him to combat his foes . When Spider-Man first appeared in the early 1960s , teenagers in superhero comic books were usually relegated to the role of sidekick to the protagonist . The Spider-Man series broke ground by featuring Peter Parker , the high school student behind Spider-Man 's secret identity and with whose `` self-obsessions with rejection , inadequacy , and loneliness '' young readers could relate . While Spider-Man had all the makings of a sidekick , unlike previous teen heroes such as Bucky and Robin , Spider-Man had no superhero mentor like Captain America and Batman ; he thus had to learn for himself that `` with great power there must also come great responsibility '' -- a line included in a text box in the final panel of the first Spider-Man story but later retroactively attributed to his guardian , the late Uncle Ben . Marvel has featured Spider-Man in several comic book series , the first and longest-lasting of which is titled The Amazing Spider-Man . Over the years , the Peter Parker character has developed from shy , nerdy New York City high school student to troubled but outgoing college student , to married high school teacher to , in the late 2000s , a single freelance photographer . In the 2010s , he joins the Avengers , Marvel 's flagship superhero team . Spider-Man 's nemesis Doctor Octopus also took on the identity for a story arc spanning 2012 -- 2014 , following a body swap plot in which Peter appears to die . Separately , Marvel has also published books featuring alternate versions of Spider-Man , including Spider-Man 2099 , which features the adventures of Miguel O'Hara , the Spider-Man of the future ; Ultimate Spider-Man , which features the adventures of a teenaged Peter Parker in an alternate universe ; and Ultimate Comics Spider-Man , which depicts the teenager Miles Morales , who takes up the mantle of Spider-Man after Ultimate Peter Parker 's supposed death . Spider-Man is one of the most popular and commercially successful superheroes . As Marvel 's flagship character and company mascot , he has appeared in countless forms of media , including several animated and live action television series , syndicated newspaper comic strips , and in a series of films . The character was first portrayed in live action by Danny Seagren in Spidey Super Stories , a The Electric Company skit which ran from 1974 to 1977 . In films , Spider-Man has been portrayed by actors Tobey Maguire -LRB- 2002 -- 2007 -RRB- and Andrew Garfield -LRB- 2012 -- 2014 -RRB- , while Tom Holland portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in Captain America : Civil War in 2016 . Reeve Carney starred as Spider-Man in the 2010 Broadway musical Spider-Man : Turn Off the Dark . Spider-Man has been well received as a superhero and comic book character , and he is often ranked as one of the most popular comic book characters of all time , alongside DC Comics ' most famous superheroes , Batman and Superman . | 0 Spider-Man is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Marvel Comics Marvel Comics superhero superhero American comic books American comic books
1 The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and writer-artist Steve Ditko , and first appeared in the anthology comic book Amazing Fantasy # 15 -LRB- Aug. 1962 -RRB- in the Silver Age of Comic Books . Amazing Fantasy Amazing Fantasy Stan Lee Stan Lee Steve Ditko Steve Ditko first appeared first appearance anthology anthology Silver Age of Comic Books Silver Age of Comic Books
2 Lee and Ditko conceived the character as an orphan being raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben , and as a teenager , having to deal with the normal struggles of adolescence in addition to those of a costumed crime-fighter . Aunt May Aunt May Uncle Ben Uncle Ben
3 Spider-Man 's creators gave him super strength and agility , the ability to cling to most surfaces , shoot spider-webs using wrist-mounted devices of his own invention , which he calls `` web-shooters '' , and react to danger quickly with his `` spider-sense '' , enabling him to combat his foes . super strength and agility Spider-Man's powers and equipment
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6 When Spider-Man first appeared in the early 1960s , teenagers in superhero comic books were usually relegated to the role of sidekick to the protagonist . superhero superhero first appeared first appearance sidekick sidekick protagonist protagonist
7 The Spider-Man series broke ground by featuring Peter Parker , the high school student behind Spider-Man 's secret identity and with whose `` self-obsessions with rejection , inadequacy , and loneliness '' young readers could relate . secret identity secret identity
8 While Spider-Man had all the makings of a sidekick , unlike previous teen heroes such as Bucky and Robin , Spider-Man had no superhero mentor like Captain America and Batman ; he thus had to learn for himself that `` with great power there must also come great responsibility '' -- a line included in a text box in the final panel of the first Spider-Man story but later retroactively attributed to his guardian , the late Uncle Ben . superhero superhero Uncle Ben Uncle Ben sidekick sidekick Bucky Bucky Robin Dick Grayson Captain America Captain America Batman Batman retroactively attributed retcon
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11 Marvel has featured Spider-Man in several comic book series , the first and longest-lasting of which is titled The Amazing Spider-Man . comic book series List of Spider-Man titles The Amazing Spider-Man The Amazing Spider-Man
12 Over the years , the Peter Parker character has developed from shy , nerdy New York City high school student to troubled but outgoing college student , to married high school teacher to , in the late 2000s , a single freelance photographer . New York City New York City
13 In the 2010s , he joins the Avengers , Marvel 's flagship superhero team . Avengers Avengers (comics) superhero superhero
14 Spider-Man 's nemesis Doctor Octopus also took on the identity for a story arc spanning 2012 -- 2014 , following a body swap plot in which Peter appears to die . Doctor Octopus Doctor Octopus a body swap plot Dying Wish
15 Separately , Marvel has also published books featuring alternate versions of Spider-Man , including Spider-Man 2099 , which features the adventures of Miguel O'Hara , the Spider-Man of the future ; Ultimate Spider-Man , which features the adventures of a teenaged Peter Parker in an alternate universe ; and Ultimate Comics Spider-Man , which depicts the teenager Miles Morales , who takes up the mantle of Spider-Man after Ultimate Peter Parker 's supposed death . alternate versions of Spider-Man Alternative versions of Spider-Man Spider-Man 2099 Spider-Man 2099 Ultimate Spider-Man Ultimate Spider-Man an alternate universe Ultimate Marvel Ultimate Comics Spider-Man Ultimate Comics Spider-Man Miles Morales Miles Morales
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18 Spider-Man is one of the most popular and commercially successful superheroes .
19 As Marvel 's flagship character and company mascot , he has appeared in countless forms of media , including several animated and live action television series , syndicated newspaper comic strips , and in a series of films . forms of media Spider-Man in other media live action live action television series Spider-Man television series syndicated Print syndication comic strips The Amazing Spider-Man#Newspaper comic strip series of films Spider-Man in film
20 The character was first portrayed in live action by Danny Seagren in Spidey Super Stories , a The Electric Company skit which ran from 1974 to 1977 . live action live action Spidey Super Stories Spidey Super Stories The Electric Company The Electric Company
21 In films , Spider-Man has been portrayed by actors Tobey Maguire -LRB- 2002 -- 2007 -RRB- and Andrew Garfield -LRB- 2012 -- 2014 -RRB- , while Tom Holland portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in Captain America : Civil War in 2016 . Captain America Captain America Tobey Maguire Tobey Maguire Andrew Garfield Andrew Garfield Tom Holland Tom Holland (actor) Marvel Cinematic Universe Marvel Cinematic Universe
22 Reeve Carney starred as Spider-Man in the 2010 Broadway musical Spider-Man : Turn Off the Dark . Reeve Carney Reeve Carney Broadway musical Broadway musical
23 Spider-Man has been well received as a superhero and comic book character , and he is often ranked as one of the most popular comic book characters of all time , alongside DC Comics ' most famous superheroes , Batman and Superman . superhero superhero Batman Batman DC Comics DC Comics Superman Superman
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Social_anxiety_disorder | Social anxiety disorder -LRB- SAD -RRB- , also known as social phobia , is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations , causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life . These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others . Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing , excess sweating , trembling , palpitations , and nausea . Stammering may be present , along with rapid speech . Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort . Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events . It is common for sufferers of social phobia to self-medicate in this fashion , especially if they are undiagnosed , untreated , or both ; this can lead to alcoholism , eating disorders or other kinds of substance abuse . SAD is sometimes referred to as an illness of lost opportunities where `` individuals make major life choices to accommodate their illness '' . According to ICD-10 guidelines , the main diagnostic criteria of social phobia are fear of being the focus of attention , or fear of behaving in a way that will be embarrassing or humiliating , avoidance and anxiety symptoms . Standardized rating scales can be used to screen for social anxiety disorder and measure the severity of anxiety . The first line treatment for social anxiety disorder is cognitive behavioral therapy -LRB- CBT -RRB- with medications recommended only in those who are not interested in therapy . CBT is effective in treating social phobia , whether delivered individually or in a group setting . The cognitive and behavioral components seek to change thought patterns and physical reactions to anxiety-inducing situations . The attention given to social anxiety disorder has significantly increased since 1999 with the approval and marketing of drugs for its treatment . Prescribed medications include several classes of antidepressants : selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors -LRB- SSRIs -RRB- , serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors -LRB- SNRIs -RRB- , and monoamine oxidase inhibitors -LRB- MAOIs -RRB- . Other commonly used medications include beta blockers and benzodiazepines . It is the most common anxiety disorder with up to 10 % of people being affected at some point in their life . | 0 Social anxiety disorder -LRB- SAD -RRB- , also known as social phobia , is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations , causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life . anxiety disorder anxiety disorder fear in one or more social situations Social anxiety
1 These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny from others .
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4 Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing , excess sweating , trembling , palpitations , and nausea . blushing blushing excess sweating hyperhidrosis trembling tremor palpitations palpitations nausea nausea
5 Stammering may be present , along with rapid speech . Stammering Stutter
6 Panic attacks can also occur under intense fear and discomfort .
7 Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events . alcohol Ethanol drugs Psychoactive drug
8 It is common for sufferers of social phobia to self-medicate in this fashion , especially if they are undiagnosed , untreated , or both ; this can lead to alcoholism , eating disorders or other kinds of substance abuse . self-medicate self-medication alcoholism alcoholism eating disorders eating disorders
9 SAD is sometimes referred to as an illness of lost opportunities where `` individuals make major life choices to accommodate their illness '' .
10 According to ICD-10 guidelines , the main diagnostic criteria of social phobia are fear of being the focus of attention , or fear of behaving in a way that will be embarrassing or humiliating , avoidance and anxiety symptoms . ICD-10 ICD-10
11 Standardized rating scales can be used to screen for social anxiety disorder and measure the severity of anxiety . anxiety disorder anxiety disorder
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14 The first line treatment for social anxiety disorder is cognitive behavioral therapy -LRB- CBT -RRB- with medications recommended only in those who are not interested in therapy . anxiety disorder anxiety disorder cognitive behavioral therapy cognitive behavioral therapy
15 CBT is effective in treating social phobia , whether delivered individually or in a group setting .
16 The cognitive and behavioral components seek to change thought patterns and physical reactions to anxiety-inducing situations .
17 The attention given to social anxiety disorder has significantly increased since 1999 with the approval and marketing of drugs for its treatment . anxiety disorder anxiety disorder drugs Psychoactive drug
18 Prescribed medications include several classes of antidepressants : selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors -LRB- SSRIs -RRB- , serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors -LRB- SNRIs -RRB- , and monoamine oxidase inhibitors -LRB- MAOIs -RRB- . Prescribed medications Prescription drugs selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors monoamine oxidase inhibitors monoamine oxidase inhibitors
19 Other commonly used medications include beta blockers and benzodiazepines .
20 It is the most common anxiety disorder with up to 10 % of people being affected at some point in their life . anxiety disorder anxiety disorder
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South_Asia | South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent , which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and , for some authorities , adjoining countries to the west and east . Topographically , it is dominated by the Indian Plate , which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush . South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land -LRB- clockwise , from west -RRB- by West Asia , Central Asia , East Asia , and Southeast Asia . The current territories of Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , Maldives , Nepal , India , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka form the countries of South Asia . The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation -LRB- SAARC -RRB- is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia . South Asia covers about 5.1 million km2 -LRB- 1.9 million mi2 -RRB- , which is 11.51 % of the Asian continent or 3.4 % of the world 's land surface area . The population of South Asia is about 1.749 billion or about one fourth of the world 's population , making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world . Overall , it accounts for about 39.49 % of Asia 's population -LRB- or over 24 % of the world 's population -RRB- and is home to a vast array of peoples . In 2010 , South Asia had the world 's largest population of Hindus , Jains and Sikhs . There are 507 million Muslims as well as over 35 million Christians and 25 million Buddhists in South Asia . | 0 South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent , which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and , for some authorities , adjoining countries to the west and east . region region Asia Asia continent continent sub-Himalayan Himalayas SAARC SAARC for some authorities #Definition by South Asian Studies programs west west
1 Topographically , it is dominated by the Indian Plate , which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush . south south Indian Plate Indian Plate above sea level Above mean sea level Nepal Nepal India India Himalayas Himalayas Hindu Kush Hindu Kush
2 South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land -LRB- clockwise , from west -RRB- by West Asia , Central Asia , East Asia , and Southeast Asia . south south Asia Asia Indian Ocean Indian Ocean west west West Asia Western Asia Central Asia Central Asia East Asia East Asia Southeast Asia Southeast Asia
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5 The current territories of Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , Maldives , Nepal , India , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka form the countries of South Asia . Asia Asia Nepal Nepal India India Afghanistan Afghanistan Bangladesh Bangladesh Bhutan Bhutan Maldives Maldives Pakistan Pakistan Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
6 The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation -LRB- SAARC -RRB- is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia . region region Asia Asia SAARC SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
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9 South Asia covers about 5.1 million km2 -LRB- 1.9 million mi2 -RRB- , which is 11.51 % of the Asian continent or 3.4 % of the world 's land surface area . Asia Asia continent continent
10 The population of South Asia is about 1.749 billion or about one fourth of the world 's population , making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world . region region Asia Asia most populous List of continents by population#Regional and continental (sub)totals in 2016 most densely populated Population density
11 Overall , it accounts for about 39.49 % of Asia 's population -LRB- or over 24 % of the world 's population -RRB- and is home to a vast array of peoples . Asia Asia
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14 In 2010 , South Asia had the world 's largest population of Hindus , Jains and Sikhs . Asia Asia Hindus Hindus Jains Jainism Sikhs Sikhs
15 There are 507 million Muslims as well as over 35 million Christians and 25 million Buddhists in South Asia . Asia Asia Muslims Muslims Christians Christians Buddhists Buddhists
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Smash_-LRB-The_Offspring_album-RRB- | Smash is the third studio album by American punk rock band The Offspring . After touring in support of their previous album , Ignition -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , The Offspring began recording Smash in January 1994 at Track Record in North Hollywood , California . Recording and production were finished a month later , and the album was released on April 8 , 1994 on Epitaph Records . In the United States , Smash has sold over six million copies and has been certified 6 × Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- . Peaking at number four on the US Billboard 200 , it has sold over 11 million copies worldwide , making it the best-selling independent label album of all time . It was also the first album released on Epitaph Records to obtain gold and platinum status . Smash was The Offspring 's introduction into worldwide popularity and critical acclaim , and produced a number of hit singles including `` Come Out and Play '' , `` Self Esteem '' and `` Got ta Get Away '' . Along with Green Day 's Dookie , Smash was responsible for bringing punk rock into the mainstream , and helped pave the way for the emerging pop punk scene in the 1990s . As a fan-favorite , the album received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered attention from major labels , including Columbia Records , with whom The Offspring would sign in 1996 . Smash is the only release where the band was referred to as `` Offspring '' . It is the first album to have a title track . | 0 Smash is the third studio album by American punk rock band The Offspring . The Offspring The Offspring punk rock punk rock
1 After touring in support of their previous album , Ignition -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , The Offspring began recording Smash in January 1994 at Track Record in North Hollywood , California . The Offspring The Offspring Track Record Track Record Studios Ignition Ignition (The Offspring album)
2 Recording and production were finished a month later , and the album was released on April 8 , 1994 on Epitaph Records . Epitaph Epitaph Records Epitaph Records Epitaph Records
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5 In the United States , Smash has sold over six million copies and has been certified 6 × Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- . Recording Industry Association of America Recording Industry Association of America
6 Peaking at number four on the US Billboard 200 , it has sold over 11 million copies worldwide , making it the best-selling independent label album of all time .
7 It was also the first album released on Epitaph Records to obtain gold and platinum status . Epitaph Epitaph Records Epitaph Records Epitaph Records
8 Smash was The Offspring 's introduction into worldwide popularity and critical acclaim , and produced a number of hit singles including `` Come Out and Play '' , `` Self Esteem '' and `` Got ta Get Away '' . The Offspring The Offspring Come Out and Play Come Out and Play (song) Self Esteem Self Esteem (song)
9 Along with Green Day 's Dookie , Smash was responsible for bringing punk rock into the mainstream , and helped pave the way for the emerging pop punk scene in the 1990s . punk rock punk rock Green Day Green Day Dookie Dookie
10 As a fan-favorite , the album received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered attention from major labels , including Columbia Records , with whom The Offspring would sign in 1996 . The Offspring The Offspring Columbia Records Columbia Records
11 Smash is the only release where the band was referred to as `` Offspring '' .
12 It is the first album to have a title track .
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Singapore_Indoor_Stadium | The Singapore Indoor Stadium -LRB- Chinese : 新加坡室内体育馆 ; Stadium Tertutup Singapura Tamil : சிங்கப்பூர் மூடப்பட்ட அரங்கம் -RRB- is an indoor sports arena , located in Kallang , Singapore . The stadium is within walking distance of the Singapore National Stadium , and collectively they are part of the Singapore Sports Hub . Both the Stadium MRT station on the Circle Line and the Tanjung Rhu MRT Station on the Thomson-East Coast Line -LRB- Opening in 2023 -RRB- enables visitors to commute to the stadium via train service . Singapore Indoor Stadium has been ranked as the 150th busiest arena venue in the world for 2015 , with 72,342 tickets being sold for the entire year . | 0 The Singapore Indoor Stadium -LRB- Chinese : 新加坡室内体育馆 ; Stadium Tertutup Singapura Tamil : சிங்கப்பூர் மூடப்பட்ட அரங்கம் -RRB- is an indoor sports arena , located in Kallang , Singapore . Kallang Kallang Singapore Singapore Stadium Stadium MRT Station Chinese Simplified Chinese Tamil Tamil language indoor sports arena indoor arena
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3 The stadium is within walking distance of the Singapore National Stadium , and collectively they are part of the Singapore Sports Hub . Singapore Singapore Stadium Stadium MRT Station Singapore National Stadium National Stadium, Singapore Singapore Sports Hub Singapore Sports Hub
4 Both the Stadium MRT station on the Circle Line and the Tanjung Rhu MRT Station on the Thomson-East Coast Line -LRB- Opening in 2023 -RRB- enables visitors to commute to the stadium via train service . Stadium Stadium MRT Station Circle Line Circle Line (Singapore) Tanjung Rhu MRT Station Tanjung Rhu MRT Station Thomson-East Coast Line Thomson-East Coast Line
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7 Singapore Indoor Stadium has been ranked as the 150th busiest arena venue in the world for 2015 , with 72,342 tickets being sold for the entire year . Singapore Singapore Stadium Stadium MRT Station
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Slovakia | Slovakia -LRB- listen -RRB- , is a landlocked country in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west , Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south . Slovakia 's territory spans about 49000 km2 and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak . The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries . In the 7th century , they played a significant role in the creation of Samo 's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra . In the 10th century , the territory was integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary , which itself became part of the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire . After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , the Slovaks and Czechs established Czechoslovakia . A separate -LRB- First -RRB- Slovak Republic -LRB- 1939 -- 1945 -RRB- existed in World War II as a client state of Nazi Germany . In 1945 , Czechoslovakia was re-established under Communist rule as a Soviet satellite . In 1989 the Velvet Revolution ended authoritarian Communist rule in Czechoslovakia . Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia , sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce . Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index , a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties , press freedom , internet freedom , democratic governance and peacefulness . The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system . Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care , free education and one of the longest paid maternity leave in the OECD . The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009 . Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area , NATO , the United Nations , the OECD , the WTO , CERN , the OSCE , the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group . The Slovak economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and 3rd fastest in eurozone . Its legal tender , the Euro , is the world 's 2nd most traded currency . Although regional income inequality is high , 90 % of citizens own their homes . In 2016 , Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories , ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world . Slovakia is the world 's largest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone and the 7th largest car producer in the European Union . The car industry represents 43 % of Slovakia 's industrial output , and a quarter of its exports . | 0 Slovakia -LRB- listen -RRB- , is a landlocked country in Central Europe . landlocked country landlocked country Central Europe Central Europe
1 It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west , Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south . Czech Republic Czech Republic Austria Austria Poland Poland Ukraine Ukraine Hungary Hungary
2 Slovakia 's territory spans about 49000 km2 and is mostly mountainous .
3 The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks . Slovaks Slovaks ethnic Slovaks Slovaks
4 The capital and largest city is Bratislava . Bratislava Bratislava
5 The official language is Slovak . Slovak Slovak language official language official language
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8 The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries . Slavs Slavs
9 In the 7th century , they played a significant role in the creation of Samo 's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra . Samo Samo Principality of Nitra Principality of Nitra
10 In the 10th century , the territory was integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary , which itself became part of the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire . Hungary Hungary Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Hungary Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire
11 After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , the Slovaks and Czechs established Czechoslovakia . Slovaks Slovaks Czechs Czechs Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Austro-Hungarian Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire World War I World War I
12 A separate -LRB- First -RRB- Slovak Republic -LRB- 1939 -- 1945 -RRB- existed in World War II as a client state of Nazi Germany . Slovak Slovak language client state client state Nazi Germany Nazi Germany
13 In 1945 , Czechoslovakia was re-established under Communist rule as a Soviet satellite . Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Communist rule History of Czechoslovakia (1948–89) Soviet satellite Satellite state
14 In 1989 the Velvet Revolution ended authoritarian Communist rule in Czechoslovakia . Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Communist rule History of Czechoslovakia (1948–89) Velvet Revolution Velvet Revolution
15 Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia , sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce . Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Velvet Divorce Velvet Divorce dissolution of Czechoslovakia dissolution of Czechoslovakia
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18 Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index , a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties , press freedom , internet freedom , democratic governance and peacefulness . high-income World Bank high-income economy advanced economy Developed country Human Development Index List of countries by Human Development Index standard of living Human Development Index civil liberties Freedom in the World (report) press freedom Press Freedom Index internet freedom Internet censorship and surveillance by country democratic governance Democracy Index peacefulness Global Peace Index
19 The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system . market economy market economy social security social security
20 Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care , free education and one of the longest paid maternity leave in the OECD . universal health care universal health care free education free education maternity leave maternity leave OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
21 The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009 . European Union European Union Eurozone Eurozone
22 Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area , NATO , the United Nations , the OECD , the WTO , CERN , the OSCE , the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group . OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Schengen Area Schengen Area NATO NATO United Nations United Nations WTO World Trade Organization CERN CERN OSCE OSCE Council of Europe Council of Europe Visegrád Group Visegrád Group
23 The Slovak economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and 3rd fastest in eurozone . Slovak Slovak language 3rd fastest List of countries by real GDP growth rate eurozone eurozone
24 Its legal tender , the Euro , is the world 's 2nd most traded currency . Euro Euro 2nd most traded currency Foreign exchange market#Trading characteristics
25 Although regional income inequality is high , 90 % of citizens own their homes .
26 In 2016 , Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories , ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world . Slovak Slovak language
27 Slovakia is the world 's largest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone and the 7th largest car producer in the European Union . European Union European Union
28 The car industry represents 43 % of Slovakia 's industrial output , and a quarter of its exports .
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Single_-LRB-music-RRB- | In music , a single or record single is a type of release , typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record , an album or an EP record . This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats . In most cases , a single is a song that is released separately from an album , although it usually also appears on an album . Typically , these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular . In other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album . As digital downloading and audio streaming have become more prevalent , it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately . Nevertheless , the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a more heavily promoted or more popular song -LRB- or group of songs -RRB- within an album collection . Despite being referred to as a single , singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them . The biggest digital music distributor , iTunes , accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single , as well as popular music player Spotify . Any more than three tracks on a musical release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an extended play -LRB- EP -RRB- , or if over six tracks long , it is classed as an album . | 0 In music , a single or record single is a type of release , typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record , an album or an EP record . music music release Art release#music) recording Sound recording LP record LP record album album
1 This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats .
2 In most cases , a single is a song that is released separately from an album , although it usually also appears on an album . album album
3 Typically , these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular . promotional uses Promotional single digital download Music download
4 In other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album . recording Sound recording album album
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7 As digital downloading and audio streaming have become more prevalent , it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately . album album
8 Nevertheless , the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a more heavily promoted or more popular song -LRB- or group of songs -RRB- within an album collection . album album
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11 Despite being referred to as a single , singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them .
12 The biggest digital music distributor , iTunes , accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single , as well as popular music player Spotify . music music iTunes iTunes Spotify Spotify
13 Any more than three tracks on a musical release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an extended play -LRB- EP -RRB- , or if over six tracks long , it is classed as an album . release Art release#music) album album extended play extended play
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Soul_music | Soul music -LRB- often referred to simply as soul -RRB- is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s . It combines elements of African-American gospel music , rhythm and blues and jazz . Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States , where record labels such as Motown , Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement . Soul also became popular around the world , directly influencing rock music and the music of Africa . According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , soul is `` music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of funky , secular testifying '' . Catchy rhythms , stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves , are an important feature of soul music . Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and an especially tense vocal sound . The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions , twirls and auxiliary sounds . Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture . The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music , which boasted pride in being black . Soul music dominated the U.S. R&B chart in the 1960s , and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U.S. , Britain and elsewhere . By 1968 , the soul music genre had begun to splinter . Some soul artists developed funk music , while other singers and groups developed slicker , more sophisticated , and in some cases more politically conscious varieties . By the early 1970s , soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres , leading to psychedelic soul . The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994 . There are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music . The key subgenres of soul include the Detroit -LRB- Motown -RRB- style , a rhythmic music influenced by gospel ; deep soul and southern soul , driving , energetic soul styles combining R&B with southern gospel music sounds ; Memphis soul , a shimmering , sultry style ; New Orleans soul , which came out of the rhythm and blues style ; Chicago soul , a lighter gospel-influenced sound ; Philadelphia soul , a lush orchestral sound with doo-wop-inspired vocals ; Psychedelic soul , a blend of psychedelic rock and soul music ; as well as categories such as Blue-eyed soul , which is soul music performed by white artists ; British soul ; and Northern soul , rare soul music played by DJs at nightclubs in Northern England . | 0 Soul music -LRB- often referred to simply as soul -RRB- is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s . music genre music genre
1 It combines elements of African-American gospel music , rhythm and blues and jazz . gospel Gospel music jazz jazz African-American African-American culture gospel music gospel music rhythm and blues rhythm and blues
2 Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States , where record labels such as Motown , Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement . Motown Motown Atlantic Atlantic Records Stax Stax Records Civil Rights Movement Civil Rights Movement
3 Soul also became popular around the world , directly influencing rock music and the music of Africa . music of Africa music of Africa
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6 According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , soul is `` music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of funky , secular testifying '' . gospel Gospel music Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Rock and Roll Hall of Fame black experience in America African American culture secular Secularity
7 Catchy rhythms , stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves , are an important feature of soul music .
8 Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and an especially tense vocal sound . call and response Call and response (music) chorus backup vocals
9 The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions , twirls and auxiliary sounds . improvisational Musical improvisation
10 Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture . African-American African-American culture
11 The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music , which boasted pride in being black . African-American African-American culture
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14 Soul music dominated the U.S. R&B chart in the 1960s , and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U.S. , Britain and elsewhere . R&B chart R&B chart R&B Rhythm and blues
15 By 1968 , the soul music genre had begun to splinter . music genre music genre
16 Some soul artists developed funk music , while other singers and groups developed slicker , more sophisticated , and in some cases more politically conscious varieties . funk funk
17 By the early 1970s , soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres , leading to psychedelic soul . psychedelic soul psychedelic soul psychedelic rock psychedelic rock
18 The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994 . neo soul neo soul
19 There are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music .
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22 The key subgenres of soul include the Detroit -LRB- Motown -RRB- style , a rhythmic music influenced by gospel ; deep soul and southern soul , driving , energetic soul styles combining R&B with southern gospel music sounds ; Memphis soul , a shimmering , sultry style ; New Orleans soul , which came out of the rhythm and blues style ; Chicago soul , a lighter gospel-influenced sound ; Philadelphia soul , a lush orchestral sound with doo-wop-inspired vocals ; Psychedelic soul , a blend of psychedelic rock and soul music ; as well as categories such as Blue-eyed soul , which is soul music performed by white artists ; British soul ; and Northern soul , rare soul music played by DJs at nightclubs in Northern England . gospel Gospel music doo-wop doo-wop Blue-eyed soul Blue-eyed soul British soul British soul Chicago soul Chicago soul Memphis soul Memphis soul New Orleans soul New Orleans soul Northern soul Northern soul Philadelphia soul Philadelphia soul gospel music gospel music rhythm and blues rhythm and blues Motown Motown psychedelic rock psychedelic rock R&B Rhythm and blues orchestral orchestral Psychedelic soul Psychedelic soul white White (people)
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Sofia_Coppola | Sofia Carmina Coppola -LRB- -LSB- ˈkoʊpələ -RSB- ; born May 14 , 1971 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , director , producer and actress . Her father is director , producer and screenwriter Francis Ford Coppola . In 2003 , she received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the comedy-drama Lost in Translation , and became the third woman to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director . In 2010 , with the drama Somewhere , she became the first American woman -LRB- and fourth American filmmaker -RRB- to win the Golden Lion , the top prize at the Venice Film Festival . In 2017 , Coppola directed The Beguiled , a remake of the 1971 Western film of the same name , starring Nicole Kidman , Elle Fanning and Kirsten Dunst . The film premiered at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival , where Coppola became the second woman -LRB- and the first American woman -RRB- in the festival 's history to win the Best Director award . | 0 Sofia Carmina Coppola -LRB- -LSB- ˈkoʊpələ -RSB- ; born May 14 , 1971 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , director , producer and actress . screenwriter screenwriter director film director producer film producer
1 Her father is director , producer and screenwriter Francis Ford Coppola . Francis Ford Coppola Francis Ford Coppola screenwriter screenwriter director film director producer film producer
2 In 2003 , she received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the comedy-drama Lost in Translation , and became the third woman to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director . Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay Lost in Translation Lost in Translation (film) Academy Award for Best Director Academy Award for Best Director
3 In 2010 , with the drama Somewhere , she became the first American woman -LRB- and fourth American filmmaker -RRB- to win the Golden Lion , the top prize at the Venice Film Festival . Somewhere Somewhere (film) Golden Lion Golden Lion Venice Film Festival Venice Film Festival
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6 In 2017 , Coppola directed The Beguiled , a remake of the 1971 Western film of the same name , starring Nicole Kidman , Elle Fanning and Kirsten Dunst . The Beguiled The Beguiled (2017 film) Western film of the same name The Beguiled (1971 film) Nicole Kidman Nicole Kidman Elle Fanning Elle Fanning Kirsten Dunst Kirsten Dunst
7 The film premiered at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival , where Coppola became the second woman -LRB- and the first American woman -RRB- in the festival 's history to win the Best Director award . 2017 Cannes Film Festival 2017 Cannes Film Festival Best Director award Best Director Award (Cannes Film Festival)
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Slash_-LRB-album-RRB- | Slash is the debut solo album by Guns N ' Roses guitarist and songwriter Slash . The album was produced by Eric Valentine and features multiple musicians , including four of the five members of the Appetite for Destruction-era Guns N ' Roses lineup : Slash himself , Izzy Stradlin , Duff McKagan and Steven Adler . | 0 Slash is the debut solo album by Guns N ' Roses guitarist and songwriter Slash . Slash Slash (musician)
1 The album was produced by Eric Valentine and features multiple musicians , including four of the five members of the Appetite for Destruction-era Guns N ' Roses lineup : Slash himself , Izzy Stradlin , Duff McKagan and Steven Adler . Slash Slash (musician) Eric Valentine Eric Valentine Appetite for Destruction Appetite for Destruction Izzy Stradlin Izzy Stradlin Duff McKagan Duff McKagan Steven Adler Steven Adler
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Star_Trek_-LRB-film-RRB- | Star Trek is a 2009 American science fiction adventure film directed by J. J. Abrams and written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman . It is the eleventh film in the Star Trek film franchise , and is also a reboot that features the main characters of the original Star Trek television series portrayed by a new cast , as the first in the rebooted film series . The film follows James T. Kirk -LRB- Chris Pine -RRB- and Spock -LRB- Zachary Quinto -RRB- aboard USS Enterprise as they combat Nero -LRB- Eric Bana -RRB- , a Romulan from their future who threatens the United Federation of Planets . The story takes place in an alternate reality because of time travel by both Nero and the original Spock -LRB- Leonard Nimoy -RRB- . The alternate timeline was created in an attempt to free the film and the franchise from established continuity constraints while simultaneously preserving original story elements . The idea for a prequel film which would follow the Star Trek characters during their time in Starfleet Academy was discussed by series creator Gene Roddenberry in 1968 . The concept resurfaced in the late 1980s , when it was postulated by Harve Bennett as a possible plotline for what would become Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , but was rejected in lieu of other projects by Roddenberry . Following the critical and commercial failure of Star Trek : Nemesis and the cancellation of the television series Star Trek : Enterprise , the franchise 's executive producer Rick Berman and screenwriter Erik Jendresen wrote an unproduced film titled Star Trek : The Beginning , which would take place after Enterprise . After the separation of Viacom and CBS Corporation in 2005 , former Paramount Pictures president Gail Berman convinced CBS to allow Paramount to produce a new film in the franchise . Orci and Kurtzman , both fans of Star Trek , were approached to write the film , and J. J. Abrams was approached to direct it . Kurtzman and Orci used inspiration from novels and graduate school dissertations , as well as the series itself . Principal photography commenced on November 7 , 2007 and ended on March 27 , 2008 . The film was shot in various locations around California and Utah . Abrams wanted to avoid using bluescreen and greenscreen , opting to use sets and locations instead . Heavy secrecy surrounded the film 's production and was under the fake working title Corporate Headquarters . Industrial Light & Magic used digital ships for the film , as opposed to the previous films in the franchise . Production for the film concluded by the end of 2008 . Star Trek was heavily promoted in the months preceding its release ; pre-release screenings for the film premiered in select cities around the world , including Austin , Texas , Sydney , Australia , and Calgary , Alberta . It was released in the United States and Canada on May 8 , 2009 , to critical acclaim ; critics praised its character development , as well as its storyline , effects , stunts , action sequences , direction , and its score by Michael Giacchino . Star Trek was a box office success , grossing over $ 385.7 million worldwide against its $ 150 million production budget . It was nominated for several awards , including four Academy Awards at the 82nd Academy Awards , ultimately winning Best Makeup , making it the first Star Trek film to win an Academy Award . It was followed by two sequels , Star Trek Into Darkness -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Star Trek Beyond -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , with a fourth having been announced . | 0 Star Trek is a 2009 American science fiction adventure film directed by J. J. Abrams and written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman . J. J. Abrams J. J. Abrams Roberto Orci Roberto Orci Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman Star Trek Star Trek science fiction Science fiction film adventure film adventure film
1 It is the eleventh film in the Star Trek film franchise , and is also a reboot that features the main characters of the original Star Trek television series portrayed by a new cast , as the first in the rebooted film series . Star Trek Star Trek reboot Reboot (fiction)
2 The film follows James T. Kirk -LRB- Chris Pine -RRB- and Spock -LRB- Zachary Quinto -RRB- aboard USS Enterprise as they combat Nero -LRB- Eric Bana -RRB- , a Romulan from their future who threatens the United Federation of Planets . Chris Pine Chris Pine Zachary Quinto Zachary Quinto Eric Bana Eric Bana James T. Kirk James T. Kirk Spock Spock Nero Nero (Star Trek) Romulan Romulan United Federation of Planets United Federation of Planets
3 The story takes place in an alternate reality because of time travel by both Nero and the original Spock -LRB- Leonard Nimoy -RRB- . Leonard Nimoy Leonard Nimoy Spock Spock Nero Nero (Star Trek) alternate reality Parallel universe (fiction) time travel time travel
4 The alternate timeline was created in an attempt to free the film and the franchise from established continuity constraints while simultaneously preserving original story elements . continuity Continuity (fiction)
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7 The idea for a prequel film which would follow the Star Trek characters during their time in Starfleet Academy was discussed by series creator Gene Roddenberry in 1968 . Star Trek Star Trek Gene Roddenberry Gene Roddenberry Starfleet Academy Starfleet Academy
8 The concept resurfaced in the late 1980s , when it was postulated by Harve Bennett as a possible plotline for what would become Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , but was rejected in lieu of other projects by Roddenberry . Star Trek Star Trek Harve Bennett Harve Bennett
9 Following the critical and commercial failure of Star Trek : Nemesis and the cancellation of the television series Star Trek : Enterprise , the franchise 's executive producer Rick Berman and screenwriter Erik Jendresen wrote an unproduced film titled Star Trek : The Beginning , which would take place after Enterprise . Star Trek Star Trek Rick Berman Rick Berman Erik Jendresen Erik Jendresen
10 After the separation of Viacom and CBS Corporation in 2005 , former Paramount Pictures president Gail Berman convinced CBS to allow Paramount to produce a new film in the franchise . Paramount Pictures Paramount Pictures Viacom Viacom CBS Corporation CBS Corporation Gail Berman Gail Berman
11 Orci and Kurtzman , both fans of Star Trek , were approached to write the film , and J. J. Abrams was approached to direct it . J. J. Abrams J. J. Abrams Star Trek Star Trek
12 Kurtzman and Orci used inspiration from novels and graduate school dissertations , as well as the series itself .
13 Principal photography commenced on November 7 , 2007 and ended on March 27 , 2008 .
14 The film was shot in various locations around California and Utah .
15 Abrams wanted to avoid using bluescreen and greenscreen , opting to use sets and locations instead .
16 Heavy secrecy surrounded the film 's production and was under the fake working title Corporate Headquarters .
17 Industrial Light & Magic used digital ships for the film , as opposed to the previous films in the franchise . Industrial Light & Magic Industrial Light & Magic
18 Production for the film concluded by the end of 2008 .
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21 Star Trek was heavily promoted in the months preceding its release ; pre-release screenings for the film premiered in select cities around the world , including Austin , Texas , Sydney , Australia , and Calgary , Alberta . Star Trek Star Trek Sydney Sydney
22 It was released in the United States and Canada on May 8 , 2009 , to critical acclaim ; critics praised its character development , as well as its storyline , effects , stunts , action sequences , direction , and its score by Michael Giacchino . Michael Giacchino Michael Giacchino
23 Star Trek was a box office success , grossing over $ 385.7 million worldwide against its $ 150 million production budget . Star Trek Star Trek
24 It was nominated for several awards , including four Academy Awards at the 82nd Academy Awards , ultimately winning Best Makeup , making it the first Star Trek film to win an Academy Award . Star Trek Star Trek Academy Award Academy Award 82nd Academy Awards 82nd Academy Awards Best Makeup Academy Award for Best Makeup
25 It was followed by two sequels , Star Trek Into Darkness -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Star Trek Beyond -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , with a fourth having been announced . Star Trek Star Trek Star Trek Into Darkness Star Trek Into Darkness Star Trek Beyond Star Trek Beyond
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Stannis_Baratheon | Stannis Baratheon is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . First mentioned in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Stannis is the son of Steffon Baratheon from the kingdom of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings -LRB- 1998 -RRB- and A Storm of Swords -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and A Dance with Dragons -LRB- 2011 -RRB- Stannis is portrayed by Stephen Dillane in the HBO television adaptation . | 0 Stannis Baratheon is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . A Song of Ice and Fire A Song of Ice and Fire Game of Thrones Game of Thrones George R. R. Martin George R. R. Martin fictional character fictional character fantasy fantasy
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3 First mentioned in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Stannis is the son of Steffon Baratheon from the kingdom of Westeros . Game of Thrones Game of Thrones Steffon Baratheon Steffon Baratheon A Game of Thrones A Game of Thrones Westeros Westeros
4 He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings -LRB- 1998 -RRB- and A Storm of Swords -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and A Dance with Dragons -LRB- 2011 -RRB- A Clash of Kings A Clash of Kings A Storm of Swords A Storm of Swords A Dance with Dragons A Dance with Dragons
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7 Stannis is portrayed by Stephen Dillane in the HBO television adaptation . Stephen Dillane Stephen Dillane HBO HBO
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Steven_Soderbergh | Steven Andrew Soderbergh -LRB- -LSB- ˈsoʊdərbɜrɡ -RSB- born January 14 , 1963 -RRB- is an American film producer , director , screenwriter , cinematographer and editor . His indie drama Sex , Lies , and Videotape -LRB- 1989 -RRB- won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival , and became a worldwide commercial success , making the then-26-year-old Soderbergh the youngest director to win the festival 's top award . Film critic Roger Ebert dubbed Soderbergh the `` poster boy of the Sundance generation '' . He is best known for directing critically acclaimed commercial Hollywood films including the crime comedy Out of Sight -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , the biographical film Erin Brockovich -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , the crime drama film Traffic -LRB- 2000 -RRB- -LRB- for which he won the Academy Award for Best Director -RRB- , the 2001 remake of the comedy heist film Ocean 's 11 and its two sequels -- known collectively as the Ocean 's Trilogy , the medical thriller Contagion -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and the comedy-drama Magic Mike -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . He has also directed smaller , less conventional works , such as the mystery thriller Kafka -LRB- 1991 -RRB- ; the experimental comedy film Schizopolis -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , which has a non-linear narrative ; Bubble -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , which uses no script and non-professional actors ; the experimental drama film The Girlfriend Experience -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , which starred the then-active pornographic actress Sasha Grey ; and the biopic about Marxist revolutionary Ernesto `` Che '' Guevara , Che -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . Soderbergh also directed , photographed and edited all episodes of the television drama The Knick . In addition , he has produced numerous film and television programs , and provided cinematography and editing on various projects . | 0 Steven Andrew Soderbergh -LRB- -LSB- ˈsoʊdərbɜrɡ -RSB- born January 14 , 1963 -RRB- is an American film producer , director , screenwriter , cinematographer and editor . cinematographer cinematographer
1 His indie drama Sex , Lies , and Videotape -LRB- 1989 -RRB- won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival , and became a worldwide commercial success , making the then-26-year-old Soderbergh the youngest director to win the festival 's top award . Palme d'Or Palme d'Or Cannes Film Festival Cannes Film Festival
2 Film critic Roger Ebert dubbed Soderbergh the `` poster boy of the Sundance generation '' . Roger Ebert Roger Ebert Sundance Sundance Film Festival
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5 He is best known for directing critically acclaimed commercial Hollywood films including the crime comedy Out of Sight -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , the biographical film Erin Brockovich -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , the crime drama film Traffic -LRB- 2000 -RRB- -LRB- for which he won the Academy Award for Best Director -RRB- , the 2001 remake of the comedy heist film Ocean 's 11 and its two sequels -- known collectively as the Ocean 's Trilogy , the medical thriller Contagion -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and the comedy-drama Magic Mike -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . Out of Sight Out of Sight Erin Brockovich Erin Brockovich (film) Traffic Traffic (2000 film) 2001 remake Ocean's Eleven Contagion Contagion (film) Magic Mike Magic Mike
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8 He has also directed smaller , less conventional works , such as the mystery thriller Kafka -LRB- 1991 -RRB- ; the experimental comedy film Schizopolis -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , which has a non-linear narrative ; Bubble -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , which uses no script and non-professional actors ; the experimental drama film The Girlfriend Experience -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , which starred the then-active pornographic actress Sasha Grey ; and the biopic about Marxist revolutionary Ernesto `` Che '' Guevara , Che -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . Kafka Kafka (film) Schizopolis Schizopolis Bubble Bubble (film) The Girlfriend Experience The Girlfriend Experience pornographic actress pornographic actress Sasha Grey Sasha Grey biopic Biographical film Marxist Marxism revolutionary revolutionary
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10 Soderbergh also directed , photographed and edited all episodes of the television drama The Knick . The Knick The Knick
11 In addition , he has produced numerous film and television programs , and provided cinematography and editing on various projects .
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Sunburn_-LRB-film-RRB- | Sunburn is a 1979 British-American comedy film directed by Richard C. Sarafian and written by James Booth , John Daly and Stephen Oliver . It is based on the novel The Bind by Stanley Ellin . The film stars Farrah Fawcett , Charles Grodin , Art Carney , Joan Collins , William Daniels and John Hillerman . The film was released on August 10 , 1979 , by Paramount Pictures . | 0 Sunburn is a 1979 British-American comedy film directed by Richard C. Sarafian and written by James Booth , John Daly and Stephen Oliver . Richard C. Sarafian Richard C. Sarafian John Daly John Daly (producer) James Booth James Booth comedy film comedy film
1 It is based on the novel The Bind by Stanley Ellin . Stanley Ellin Stanley Ellin
2 The film stars Farrah Fawcett , Charles Grodin , Art Carney , Joan Collins , William Daniels and John Hillerman . Farrah Fawcett Farrah Fawcett Charles Grodin Charles Grodin Art Carney Art Carney Joan Collins Joan Collins William Daniels William Daniels John Hillerman John Hillerman
3 The film was released on August 10 , 1979 , by Paramount Pictures . Paramount Pictures Paramount Pictures
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Starbucks | Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain . Starbucks was founded in Seattle , Washington in 1971 . As of November 2016 , it operates 23,768 locations worldwide , including 13,107 -LRB- +170 -RRB- in the United States , 2,204 -LRB- +86 -RRB- in China , 1,418 -LRB- -12 -RRB- in Canada , 1,160 -LRB- +2 -RRB- in Japan and 872 in South Korea -LRB- bumping United Kingdom from 5th place -RRB- -LRB- Differences reflect growth since Jan 8 , 2016 -RRB- . Starbucks is considered the main representative of `` second wave coffee '' , initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste , quality , and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee . Since the 2000s , third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts , while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons . Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks , whole-bean coffee , microground instant coffee known as VIA , espresso , caffe latte , full - and loose-leaf teas including Teavana tea products , Evolution Fresh juices , Frappuccino beverages , La Boulange pastries , and snacks including items such as chips and crackers ; some offerings -LRB- including their annual fall launch of the Pumpkin Spice Latte -RRB- are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store . Many stores sell pre-packaged food items , hot and cold sandwiches , and drinkware including mugs and tumblers ; select `` Starbucks Evenings '' locations offer beer , wine , and appetizers . Starbucks-brand coffee , ice cream , and bottled cold coffee drinks are also sold at grocery stores . Starbucks first became profitable in Seattle in the early 1980s . Despite an initial economic downturn with its expansion into the Midwest and British Columbia in the late 1980s , the company experienced revitalized prosperity with its entry into California in the early 1990s . The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo in 1996 ; overseas properties now constitute almost one-third of its stores . The company opened an average of two new locations daily between 1987 and 2007 . On December 1 , 2016 , Howard Schultz announced he would resign as CEO effective in April 2017 and will be replaced by Kevin Johnson . Johnson assumed the role of CEO on April 3 , 2017 . | 0 Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain . coffee coffee coffeehouse chain List of coffeehouse chains
1 Starbucks was founded in Seattle , Washington in 1971 . Seattle coffee in Seattle Washington Washington (state)
2 As of November 2016 , it operates 23,768 locations worldwide , including 13,107 -LRB- +170 -RRB- in the United States , 2,204 -LRB- +86 -RRB- in China , 1,418 -LRB- -12 -RRB- in Canada , 1,160 -LRB- +2 -RRB- in Japan and 872 in South Korea -LRB- bumping United Kingdom from 5th place -RRB- -LRB- Differences reflect growth since Jan 8 , 2016 -RRB- .
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5 Starbucks is considered the main representative of `` second wave coffee '' , initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste , quality , and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee . coffee coffee
6 Since the 2000s , third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts , while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons . coffee coffee third wave coffee Third wave of coffee espresso espresso
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9 Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks , whole-bean coffee , microground instant coffee known as VIA , espresso , caffe latte , full - and loose-leaf teas including Teavana tea products , Evolution Fresh juices , Frappuccino beverages , La Boulange pastries , and snacks including items such as chips and crackers ; some offerings -LRB- including their annual fall launch of the Pumpkin Spice Latte -RRB- are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store . Evolution Fresh Evolution Fresh Teavana Teavana coffee coffee espresso espresso caffe latte caffe latte tea tea Frappuccino Frappuccino La Boulange Pascal Rigo pastries pastries Pumpkin Spice Latte Pumpkin Spice Latte
10 Many stores sell pre-packaged food items , hot and cold sandwiches , and drinkware including mugs and tumblers ; select `` Starbucks Evenings '' locations offer beer , wine , and appetizers . tumblers Whiskey tumbler beer beer wine wine
11 Starbucks-brand coffee , ice cream , and bottled cold coffee drinks are also sold at grocery stores . coffee coffee grocery stores grocery stores
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14 Starbucks first became profitable in Seattle in the early 1980s . Seattle coffee in Seattle
15 Despite an initial economic downturn with its expansion into the Midwest and British Columbia in the late 1980s , the company experienced revitalized prosperity with its entry into California in the early 1990s . British Columbia British Columbia
16 The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo in 1996 ; overseas properties now constitute almost one-third of its stores . Tokyo Tokyo
17 The company opened an average of two new locations daily between 1987 and 2007 .
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20 On December 1 , 2016 , Howard Schultz announced he would resign as CEO effective in April 2017 and will be replaced by Kevin Johnson . Howard Schultz Howard Schultz Kevin Johnson Kevin Johnson (executive) CEO CEO
21 Johnson assumed the role of CEO on April 3 , 2017 . CEO CEO
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Stratford,_London | Stratford is a district of east London , England , within the London Borough of Newham . The area was part of the Ancient Parish and subsequent County Borough of West Ham , which became the western half of the modern borough in 1965 . Historically an agrarian settlement in the county of Essex , Stratford was transformed into an industrial suburb following the introduction of the railway in 1839 . The late 20th Century was a period of severe economic decline , eventually reversed by regeneration associated with the 2012 Summer Olympics , for which Stratford 's Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park was the principal venue . Stratford is now East London 's primary retail , cultural and leisure centre . It has also become the second most significant -LRB- after Canary Wharf -RRB- business location in the east of the capital . | 0 Stratford is a district of east London , England , within the London Borough of Newham . east East London London London London Borough of Newham London Borough of Newham
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3 The area was part of the Ancient Parish and subsequent County Borough of West Ham , which became the western half of the modern borough in 1965 . West Ham West Ham County Borough County Borough of West Ham modern borough London Borough of Newham
4 Historically an agrarian settlement in the county of Essex , Stratford was transformed into an industrial suburb following the introduction of the railway in 1839 . Essex Essex industrial suburb industrial suburb
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7 The late 20th Century was a period of severe economic decline , eventually reversed by regeneration associated with the 2012 Summer Olympics , for which Stratford 's Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park was the principal venue . 2012 Summer Olympics 2012 Summer Olympics Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park
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10 Stratford is now East London 's primary retail , cultural and leisure centre . London London East London East London
11 It has also become the second most significant -LRB- after Canary Wharf -RRB- business location in the east of the capital . east East London Canary Wharf Canary Wharf
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Steven_Tyler | Steven Tyler -LRB- born Steven Victor Tallarico ; March 26 , 1948 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter , multi-instrumentalist , and former television music competition judge , best known as the lead singer of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith , in which he also plays the harmonica , and occasional piano and percussion . He is known as the `` Demon of Screamin ' '' due to his high screams and his wide vocal range . He is also known for his on-stage acrobatics . During his high-energy performances , Tyler usually dresses in bright , colorful outfits with his trademark scarves hanging from his microphone stand . In the 1970s , Tyler rose to prominence as the lead singer of Aerosmith , which released such milestone hard rock albums as Toys in the Attic and Rocks , along with a string of hit singles , including `` Dream On '' , `` Sweet Emotion '' and `` Walk This Way '' . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , Tyler had a heavy drug and alcohol addiction and the band 's popularity waned . Tyler and bandmate Joe Perry became known as the `` Toxic Twins '' due to their drug abuse . In 1986 , Tyler completed drug rehabilitation and Aerosmith rose to prominence again when Tyler and Perry joined Run -- D.M.C. for a re-make of the classic Aerosmith song `` Walk This Way '' , which became a Top 5 hit . Aerosmith subsequently launched a remarkable comeback with the multi-platinum albums Permanent Vacation , Pump , Get a Grip and Nine Lives , which produced a combined thirteen Top 40 singles and won the band numerous awards . During this time , the band embarked on their longest and most extensive concert tours , promoted their singles with conceptual music videos and made notable appearances in television , film and video games . In the wake of this success , Tyler emerged as one of the most enduring rock icons . Since the late 1980s , he has embarked on several solo endeavors including guest appearances on other artists ' music -LRB- working with artists as diverse as Alice Cooper , Mötley Crüe , Santana , Pink and Keith Anderson -RRB- , film and TV roles -LRB- including as a judge on American Idol and several cameo and guest appearances in other programs and films -RRB- , authoring a bestselling book and solo work -LRB- including the Top 40 hit single '' -LRB- It -RRB- Feels So Good '' in 2011 -RRB- . While tension with his Aerosmith bandmates boiled in 2009 and 2010 after he fell off the stage at a concert , had a relapse with prescription drugs -LRB- which he successfully received treatment for in 2009 -RRB- , and signed on to American Idol without telling his bandmates , Tyler has continued to record music and perform with Aerosmith , after more than 46 years in the band . In May 2015 , Tyler released the country single `` Love Is Your Name '' , followed by the second single `` Red , White & You '' in January 2016 ; his debut solo album , We 're All Somebody from Somewhere , was released on July 15 , 2016 . Tyler is included among Rolling Stone 's 100 Greatest Singers . He was ranked third on Hit Parader 's Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Aerosmith and in 2013 , Tyler and his songwriting partner Joe Perry received the ASCAP Founders Award and were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame . | 0 Steven Tyler -LRB- born Steven Victor Tallarico ; March 26 , 1948 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter , multi-instrumentalist , and former television music competition judge , best known as the lead singer of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith , in which he also plays the harmonica , and occasional piano and percussion . Aerosmith Aerosmith music competition music competition judge adjudicator Boston Boston
1 He is known as the `` Demon of Screamin ' '' due to his high screams and his wide vocal range .
2 He is also known for his on-stage acrobatics .
3 During his high-energy performances , Tyler usually dresses in bright , colorful outfits with his trademark scarves hanging from his microphone stand .
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6 In the 1970s , Tyler rose to prominence as the lead singer of Aerosmith , which released such milestone hard rock albums as Toys in the Attic and Rocks , along with a string of hit singles , including `` Dream On '' , `` Sweet Emotion '' and `` Walk This Way '' . Aerosmith Aerosmith Toys in the Attic Toys in the Attic (album) Rocks Rocks (Aerosmith album) Dream On Dream On (Aerosmith song) Sweet Emotion Sweet Emotion Walk This Way Walk This Way
7 In the late 1970s and early 1980s , Tyler had a heavy drug and alcohol addiction and the band 's popularity waned .
8 Tyler and bandmate Joe Perry became known as the `` Toxic Twins '' due to their drug abuse . Toxic Twins Toxic Twins Joe Perry Joe Perry (musician)
9 In 1986 , Tyler completed drug rehabilitation and Aerosmith rose to prominence again when Tyler and Perry joined Run -- D.M.C. for a re-make of the classic Aerosmith song `` Walk This Way '' , which became a Top 5 hit . Aerosmith Aerosmith Walk This Way Walk This Way
10 Aerosmith subsequently launched a remarkable comeback with the multi-platinum albums Permanent Vacation , Pump , Get a Grip and Nine Lives , which produced a combined thirteen Top 40 singles and won the band numerous awards . Aerosmith Aerosmith Permanent Vacation Permanent Vacation (album) Pump Pump (album) Get a Grip Get a Grip Nine Lives Nine Lives (Aerosmith album)
11 During this time , the band embarked on their longest and most extensive concert tours , promoted their singles with conceptual music videos and made notable appearances in television , film and video games .
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14 In the wake of this success , Tyler emerged as one of the most enduring rock icons .
15 Since the late 1980s , he has embarked on several solo endeavors including guest appearances on other artists ' music -LRB- working with artists as diverse as Alice Cooper , Mötley Crüe , Santana , Pink and Keith Anderson -RRB- , film and TV roles -LRB- including as a judge on American Idol and several cameo and guest appearances in other programs and films -RRB- , authoring a bestselling book and solo work -LRB- including the Top 40 hit single '' -LRB- It -RRB- Feels So Good '' in 2011 -RRB- . judge adjudicator Alice Cooper Alice Cooper Mötley Crüe Mötley Crüe Santana Santana (band) Pink Pink (singer) Keith Anderson Keith Anderson American Idol American Idol
16 While tension with his Aerosmith bandmates boiled in 2009 and 2010 after he fell off the stage at a concert , had a relapse with prescription drugs -LRB- which he successfully received treatment for in 2009 -RRB- , and signed on to American Idol without telling his bandmates , Tyler has continued to record music and perform with Aerosmith , after more than 46 years in the band . Aerosmith Aerosmith American Idol American Idol
17 In May 2015 , Tyler released the country single `` Love Is Your Name '' , followed by the second single `` Red , White & You '' in January 2016 ; his debut solo album , We 're All Somebody from Somewhere , was released on July 15 , 2016 . Love Is Your Name Love Is Your Name
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20 Tyler is included among Rolling Stone 's 100 Greatest Singers . Rolling Stone Rolling Stone
21 He was ranked third on Hit Parader 's Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time . Hit Parader Hit Parader
22 In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Aerosmith and in 2013 , Tyler and his songwriting partner Joe Perry received the ASCAP Founders Award and were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame . Joe Perry Joe Perry (musician) Aerosmith Aerosmith Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ASCAP American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers Songwriters Hall of Fame Songwriters Hall of Fame
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Stratosphere | The stratosphere -LRB- -LSB- ˈstrætəˌsfɪər , _ - toʊ - -RSB- -RRB- is the second major layer of Earth 's atmosphere , just above the troposphere , and below the mesosphere . About 20 % of the atmosphere 's mass is contained in the stratosphere . The stratosphere is stratified in temperature , with warmer layers higher and cooler layers closer to the Earth . The increase of temperature with altitude is a result of the absorption of the Sun 's ultraviolet radiation by the ozone . This is in contrast to the troposphere , near the Earth 's surface , where temperatures decreases with altitude . The border between the troposphere and stratosphere , the tropopause , marks where this temperature inversion begins . Near the equator , the stratosphere starts at 18 km ; at mid latitudes , it starts at 10 - and ends at 50 km ; at the poles , it starts at about 8 km . Temperatures vary within the stratosphere with the seasons , in particular with the polar night -LRB- winter -RRB- . The greatest variation of temperature takes place over the poles in the lower stratosphere ; those variations are largely steady at lower latitudes and higher altitudes . | 0 The stratosphere -LRB- -LSB- ˈstrætəˌsfɪər , _ - toʊ - -RSB- -RRB- is the second major layer of Earth 's atmosphere , just above the troposphere , and below the mesosphere . troposphere troposphere mesosphere mesosphere
1 About 20 % of the atmosphere 's mass is contained in the stratosphere .
2 The stratosphere is stratified in temperature , with warmer layers higher and cooler layers closer to the Earth . stratified Atmospheric stratification
3 The increase of temperature with altitude is a result of the absorption of the Sun 's ultraviolet radiation by the ozone . ozone ozone
4 This is in contrast to the troposphere , near the Earth 's surface , where temperatures decreases with altitude . troposphere troposphere
5 The border between the troposphere and stratosphere , the tropopause , marks where this temperature inversion begins . troposphere troposphere tropopause tropopause
6 Near the equator , the stratosphere starts at 18 km ; at mid latitudes , it starts at 10 - and ends at 50 km ; at the poles , it starts at about 8 km . poles geographical pole
7 Temperatures vary within the stratosphere with the seasons , in particular with the polar night -LRB- winter -RRB- . polar night polar night
8 The greatest variation of temperature takes place over the poles in the lower stratosphere ; those variations are largely steady at lower latitudes and higher altitudes . poles geographical pole
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Steve_Austin_-LRB-character-RRB- | Steve Austin is a science fiction character created by Martin Caidin for his 1972 novel , Cyborg . The lead character , Colonel Steve Austin , became an iconic 1970s television science fiction action hero , portrayed by American actor Lee Majors , in American television series The Six Million Dollar Man , which aired on the ABC network as a regular series for five seasons from 1974 to 1978 . In the television series , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s . The Six Million Dollar Man television series had as its original working title during pre-production the Martin Caidin novel Cyborg title . Caidin 's version of Steve Austin appeared in only four original novels unrelated to the television series continuity : Cyborg , Operation Nuke , High Crystal , and Cyborg IV . Following the The Six Million Dollar Man television series , Lee Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . | 0 Steve Austin is a science fiction character created by Martin Caidin for his 1972 novel , Cyborg . Cyborg Cyborg (novel) Martin Caidin Martin Caidin science fiction science fiction film
1 The lead character , Colonel Steve Austin , became an iconic 1970s television science fiction action hero , portrayed by American actor Lee Majors , in American television series The Six Million Dollar Man , which aired on the ABC network as a regular series for five seasons from 1974 to 1978 . Colonel Colonel (United States) Lee Majors Lee Majors science fiction science fiction film American United States The Six Million Dollar Man The Six Million Dollar Man ABC network American Broadcasting Company
2 In the television series , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . bionic Bionics
3 The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s . pop culture popular culture icon pop icon
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6 The Six Million Dollar Man television series had as its original working title during pre-production the Martin Caidin novel Cyborg title . Cyborg Cyborg (novel) Martin Caidin Martin Caidin The Six Million Dollar Man The Six Million Dollar Man
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9 Caidin 's version of Steve Austin appeared in only four original novels unrelated to the television series continuity : Cyborg , Operation Nuke , High Crystal , and Cyborg IV . Cyborg Cyborg (novel) Operation Nuke Operation Nuke High Crystal High Crystal Cyborg IV Cyborg IV
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12 Following the The Six Million Dollar Man television series , Lee Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . Colonel Colonel (United States) Lee Majors Lee Majors The Six Million Dollar Man The Six Million Dollar Man bionic Bionics
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Sweet_Life_-LRB-Frank_Ocean_song-RRB- | `` Sweet Life '' is a song by American singer Frank Ocean , released as the third single from his debut studio album Channel Orange -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . The song was written and produced by Ocean and Pharrell Williams , member of the production duo The Neptunes . The track was released on July 6 , 2012 , when Ocean posted a download of the song onto his Tumblr account , and it debuted on iTunes on July 12 . The song features a vocal loop , warm horn sections and lush , tropical production . The song explores a disillusionment and wealth within Ladera Heights and lyrically explores a narrative of people wasting their life away on the beach and Ocean 's desire not to involve himself with such a life . The song draws inspiration from Ocean 's own early life . The song received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics who praised its smooth production , the social commentary found within Ocean 's lyrics , and the concepts featured within the song . Some writers described it as a highlight from the album , and it was widely compared to the work of soul singer Stevie Wonder . The track charted on the South Korea Gaon International Chart at position 124 . Ocean performed `` Sweet Life '' during his Channel Orange tour through North America . | 0 `` Sweet Life '' is a song by American singer Frank Ocean , released as the third single from his debut studio album Channel Orange -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . Frank Ocean Frank Ocean Channel Orange Channel Orange
1 The song was written and produced by Ocean and Pharrell Williams , member of the production duo The Neptunes . Pharrell Williams Pharrell Williams The Neptunes The Neptunes
2 The track was released on July 6 , 2012 , when Ocean posted a download of the song onto his Tumblr account , and it debuted on iTunes on July 12 . Tumblr Tumblr iTunes iTunes
3 The song features a vocal loop , warm horn sections and lush , tropical production .
4 The song explores a disillusionment and wealth within Ladera Heights and lyrically explores a narrative of people wasting their life away on the beach and Ocean 's desire not to involve himself with such a life . Ladera Heights Ladera Heights, California
5 The song draws inspiration from Ocean 's own early life .
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8 The song received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics who praised its smooth production , the social commentary found within Ocean 's lyrics , and the concepts featured within the song .
9 Some writers described it as a highlight from the album , and it was widely compared to the work of soul singer Stevie Wonder . soul soul music Stevie Wonder Stevie Wonder
10 The track charted on the South Korea Gaon International Chart at position 124 . South Korea Gaon International Chart Gaon Chart
11 Ocean performed `` Sweet Life '' during his Channel Orange tour through North America . Channel Orange Channel Orange North America North America
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Super_Street_Fighter_II_Turbo | Super Street Fighter II Turbo , released in Japan as , is a competitive fighting game released for the arcades by Capcom in . It is the fifth installment in the Street Fighter II sub-series of Street Fighter games , following Super Street Fighter II : The New Challengers . Like its predecessor , it ran on the CP System II hardware . It is commonly referred to as just Super Turbo , or ST for short . Super Turbo introduced several new gameplay mechanics not present in previous versions of Street Fighter II , including the addition of Super Combos and air combos . It also introduced the secret character Akuma , who would go on to become a recurring character in later Street Fighter installments and other Capcom fighting games . Super Turbo was originally ported to the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer , followed by the PlayStation and Sega Saturn -LRB- under the title of Super Street Fighter II Turbo : The Ultimate Championship -RRB- as part of the Street Fighter Collection , and for the Dreamcast in Japan under the title of Super Street Fighter II X for Matching Service . A remake of the game was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 titled Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix . While not as much of a commercial success as previous iterations of the game , the game was a critical darling and has had a huge impact on the competitive fighting game `` e-sport '' circuit . Super Street Fighter II Turbo is still played competitively over 20 years after its original release , and is the oldest fighting game that still has an active competitive tournament scene throughout the world . | 0 Super Street Fighter II Turbo , released in Japan as , is a competitive fighting game released for the arcades by Capcom in . Capcom Capcom Street Fighter Street Fighter Japan Japan fighting game fighting game arcades arcade game Street Fighter II Street Fighter II
1 It is the fifth installment in the Street Fighter II sub-series of Street Fighter games , following Super Street Fighter II : The New Challengers . Street Fighter Street Fighter Street Fighter II Street Fighter II
2 Like its predecessor , it ran on the CP System II hardware . CP System II CP System II
3 It is commonly referred to as just Super Turbo , or ST for short .
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6 Super Turbo introduced several new gameplay mechanics not present in previous versions of Street Fighter II , including the addition of Super Combos and air combos . Street Fighter Street Fighter Street Fighter II Street Fighter II
7 It also introduced the secret character Akuma , who would go on to become a recurring character in later Street Fighter installments and other Capcom fighting games . Capcom Capcom Street Fighter Street Fighter Akuma Akuma (Street Fighter)
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10 Super Turbo was originally ported to the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer , followed by the PlayStation and Sega Saturn -LRB- under the title of Super Street Fighter II Turbo : The Ultimate Championship -RRB- as part of the Street Fighter Collection , and for the Dreamcast in Japan under the title of Super Street Fighter II X for Matching Service . Street Fighter Street Fighter 3DO 3DO Interactive Multiplayer Dreamcast Dreamcast PlayStation PlayStation Sega Saturn Sega Saturn Japan Japan Street Fighter II Street Fighter II 3DO Interactive Multiplayer 3DO Interactive Multiplayer Street Fighter Collection Street Fighter Collection
11 A remake of the game was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 titled Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix . Street Fighter Street Fighter PlayStation PlayStation Street Fighter II Street Fighter II PlayStation 3 PlayStation 3 Xbox 360 Xbox 360 Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix
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14 While not as much of a commercial success as previous iterations of the game , the game was a critical darling and has had a huge impact on the competitive fighting game `` e-sport '' circuit . fighting game fighting game
15 Super Street Fighter II Turbo is still played competitively over 20 years after its original release , and is the oldest fighting game that still has an active competitive tournament scene throughout the world . Street Fighter Street Fighter fighting game fighting game Street Fighter II Street Fighter II
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Sunny_-LRB-singer-RRB- | Lee Soon-kyu -LRB- born May 15 , 1989 -RRB- , known professionally as Sunny , is an American singer and actress currently based in South Korea . She debuted as a member of girl group Girls ' Generation in August 2007 , who went on to be one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea 's most popular girl groups worldwide . Apart from her group 's activities , Sunny has participated in numerous side projects including original soundtracks , television variety shows , musical acting and radio hosting . | 0 Lee Soon-kyu -LRB- born May 15 , 1989 -RRB- , known professionally as Sunny , is an American singer and actress currently based in South Korea . South Korea South Korea
1 She debuted as a member of girl group Girls ' Generation in August 2007 , who went on to be one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea 's most popular girl groups worldwide . South Korea South Korea best-selling artists List of best-selling artists in South Korea
2 Apart from her group 's activities , Sunny has participated in numerous side projects including original soundtracks , television variety shows , musical acting and radio hosting .
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Sweden_national_football_team | The Sweden national football team -LRB- svenska fotbollslandslaget -RRB- represents Sweden in association football and is controlled by the Swedish Football Association , the governing body for football in Sweden . Sweden 's home ground is Friends Arena in the Stockholm urban area and the team is led by Janne Andersson . Sweden made their first World Cup appearance in 1934 . Sweden has made eleven World Cup appearances and five appearances in the European Championships . They finished second in the 1958 FIFA World Cup , and third in both 1950 and 1994 . Sweden 's accomplishments also include a gold medal in the 1948 Summer Olympics , and bronze medals in 1924 and 1952 . They reached the semi-finals in UEFA Euro 1992 . | 0 The Sweden national football team -LRB- svenska fotbollslandslaget -RRB- represents Sweden in association football and is controlled by the Swedish Football Association , the governing body for football in Sweden . Sweden Sweden association football association football Swedish Football Association Swedish Football Association football in Sweden football in Sweden
1 Sweden 's home ground is Friends Arena in the Stockholm urban area and the team is led by Janne Andersson . Janne Andersson Janne Andersson Friends Arena Friends Arena Sweden Sweden Stockholm Stockholm Stockholm urban area Stockholm urban area
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4 Sweden made their first World Cup appearance in 1934 . Sweden Sweden World Cup FIFA World Cup 1934 1934 FIFA World Cup
5 Sweden has made eleven World Cup appearances and five appearances in the European Championships . Sweden Sweden World Cup FIFA World Cup
6 They finished second in the 1958 FIFA World Cup , and third in both 1950 and 1994 . 1958 1958 FIFA World Cup World Cup FIFA World Cup 1958 FIFA World Cup 1958 FIFA World Cup 1950 1950 FIFA World Cup 1994 1994 FIFA World Cup
7 Sweden 's accomplishments also include a gold medal in the 1948 Summer Olympics , and bronze medals in 1924 and 1952 . Sweden Sweden 1948 Summer Olympics Football at the 1948 Summer Olympics 1924 Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics 1952 Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics
8 They reached the semi-finals in UEFA Euro 1992 . UEFA UEFA 1992 UEFA Euro 1992 UEFA Euro 1992 UEFA Euro 1992
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Starz | Starz -LRB- stylized as Starz ! from February 1994 to March 2005 , and STARZ since April 2016 , pronounced `` stars '' -RRB- is an American premium cable and satellite television network which serves as Starz Inc. 's flagship service . Starz 's programming features theatrically released motion pictures and first-run original television series . The headquarters of Starz , and its sister networks Starz Encore and MoviePlex , are located at the Meridian International Business Center complex in Englewood , Colorado . Through March 31 , 2016 , STARZ 's programming was subscribed to approximately 24.0 million television households in the United States . | 0 Starz -LRB- stylized as Starz !
1 from February 1994 to March 2005 , and STARZ since April 2016 , pronounced `` stars '' -RRB- is an American premium cable and satellite television network which serves as Starz Inc. 's flagship service . premium Pay television cable cable television satellite satellite television television network television network flagship flagship (broadcasting)
2 Starz 's programming features theatrically released motion pictures and first-run original television series . motion pictures film television series television series
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5 The headquarters of Starz , and its sister networks Starz Encore and MoviePlex , are located at the Meridian International Business Center complex in Englewood , Colorado . Starz Encore Starz Encore MoviePlex MoviePlex
6 Through March 31 , 2016 , STARZ 's programming was subscribed to approximately 24.0 million television households in the United States . United States United States
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Sue_Vertue | Susan `` Sue '' Nicola Vertue -LRB- born 21 September 1960 in Surrey -RRB- is an English television producer , mainly of comedy shows , including Mr. Bean and Coupling . She is the daughter of producer Beryl Vertue . Vertue worked for Tiger Aspect , a production company run by Peter Bennett-Jones , where Jones produced episodes of Mr. Bean , The Vicar of Dibley and Gim me Gim me Gim me . Vertue met writer Steven Moffat at the Edinburgh Television Festival in 1996 . A relationship blossomed and they left their respective production companies to join Hartswood Films , run by Beryl Vertue , Sue 's mother . When Vertue asked Moffat to write a sitcom for Hartswood , he decided to base it around the evolution of their own relationship . The series became Coupling , which was first broadcast on BBC2 in 2000 . The main two characters in the show were even named Steve and Susan , played by Jack Davenport and Sarah Alexander . In 1999 Vertue produced Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death , a two-episode special of Doctor Who , written by Steven Moffat , for the Red Nose Day charity telethon . Her other work includes Carrie and Barry , Supernova , Fear , Stress & Anger , The Cup and Sherlock . | 0 Susan `` Sue '' Nicola Vertue -LRB- born 21 September 1960 in Surrey -RRB- is an English television producer , mainly of comedy shows , including Mr. Bean and Coupling . Surrey Surrey Mr. Bean Mr. Bean Coupling Coupling (UK TV series)
1 She is the daughter of producer Beryl Vertue . Beryl Vertue Beryl Vertue
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4 Vertue worked for Tiger Aspect , a production company run by Peter Bennett-Jones , where Jones produced episodes of Mr. Bean , The Vicar of Dibley and Gim me Gim me Gim me . Mr. Bean Mr. Bean Tiger Aspect Tiger Aspect Peter Bennett-Jones Peter Bennett-Jones The Vicar of Dibley The Vicar of Dibley
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7 Vertue met writer Steven Moffat at the Edinburgh Television Festival in 1996 . Steven Moffat Steven Moffat Edinburgh Television Festival Edinburgh Television Festival
8 A relationship blossomed and they left their respective production companies to join Hartswood Films , run by Beryl Vertue , Sue 's mother . Beryl Vertue Beryl Vertue Hartswood Films Hartswood Films
9 When Vertue asked Moffat to write a sitcom for Hartswood , he decided to base it around the evolution of their own relationship .
10 The series became Coupling , which was first broadcast on BBC2 in 2000 . Coupling Coupling (UK TV series)
11 The main two characters in the show were even named Steve and Susan , played by Jack Davenport and Sarah Alexander . Jack Davenport Jack Davenport Sarah Alexander Sarah Alexander
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14 In 1999 Vertue produced Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death , a two-episode special of Doctor Who , written by Steven Moffat , for the Red Nose Day charity telethon . Steven Moffat Steven Moffat Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death Doctor Who Doctor Who Red Nose Day Red Nose Day
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17 Her other work includes Carrie and Barry , Supernova , Fear , Stress & Anger , The Cup and Sherlock . Sherlock Sherlock (TV series) Carrie and Barry Carrie and Barry Supernova Supernova (TV series) The Cup The Cup (TV series)
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Star_Trek | Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry . The first television series , simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series , debuted in 1966 and aired for three seasons on the television network NBC . It followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk -LRB- William Shatner -RRB- and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise , a space exploration vessel , built by the interstellar federal republic United Federation of Planets in the twenty-third century . The Star Trek canon of the franchise includes The Original Series , an animated series , four spin-off television series , its film franchise and an upcoming television series scheduled to debut in 2017 . In creating Star Trek , Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels , the satirical book Gulliver 's Travels , and by works of western genre such as the television series Wagon Train . These adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek : The Animated Series and six feature films . Four spin-off television series were eventually produced : Star Trek : The Next Generation followed the crew of a new starship Enterprise set a century after the original series ; Star Trek : Deep Space Nine and Star Trek : Voyager set contemporaneously with The Next Generation ; and Star Trek : Enterprise set before the original series in the early days of human interstellar travel . The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four additional feature films . In 2009 , the film franchise underwent a `` reboot '' set in an alternate timeline , or `` Kelvin Timeline '' , entitled simply Star Trek . This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the original show ; their adventures were continued in the sequel film , Star Trek Into Darkness -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . The thirteenth film feature and sequel , Star Trek Beyond -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , was released to coincide with the franchise 's 50th anniversary . A new Star Trek TV series , entitled Star Trek : Discovery , is set to premiere on the digital platform CBS All Access . Star Trek has been a cult phenomenon for decades . Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers . The franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games , figurines , novels , toys , and comics . Star Trek had a themed attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998 and closed in September 2008 . At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world . The series has its own full-fledged constructed language , Klingon . Several parodies have been made of Star Trek . In addition , viewers have produced several fan productions . As of July 2016 , the franchise had generated $ 10 billion in revenue , making Star Trek one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction . The franchise is also noted for its progressive civil rights stances . The Original Series included one of television 's first multiracial casts . Star Trek references may be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park . | 0 Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry . Gene Roddenberry Gene Roddenberry Star Trek Star Trek (film) science fiction science fiction media franchise media franchise television series television program
1 The first television series , simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series , debuted in 1966 and aired for three seasons on the television network NBC . The Original Series Star Trek: The Original Series Star Trek Star Trek (film) television series television program NBC NBC
2 It followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk -LRB- William Shatner -RRB- and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise , a space exploration vessel , built by the interstellar federal republic United Federation of Planets in the twenty-third century . Enterprise Star Trek: Enterprise James T. Kirk James T. Kirk William Shatner William Shatner United Federation of Planets United Federation of Planets
3 The Star Trek canon of the franchise includes The Original Series , an animated series , four spin-off television series , its film franchise and an upcoming television series scheduled to debut in 2017 . The Original Series Star Trek: The Original Series Star Trek Star Trek (film) television series television program film franchise Star Trek (film series)
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6 In creating Star Trek , Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels , the satirical book Gulliver 's Travels , and by works of western genre such as the television series Wagon Train . Star Trek Star Trek (film) television series television program Horatio Hornblower Horatio Hornblower western genre Western (genre) Wagon Train Wagon Train novels List of Star Trek novels
7 These adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek : The Animated Series and six feature films . Star Trek Star Trek (film) The Animated Series Star Trek: The Animated Series
8 Four spin-off television series were eventually produced : Star Trek : The Next Generation followed the crew of a new starship Enterprise set a century after the original series ; Star Trek : Deep Space Nine and Star Trek : Voyager set contemporaneously with The Next Generation ; and Star Trek : Enterprise set before the original series in the early days of human interstellar travel . Star Trek Star Trek (film) The Next Generation Star Trek: The Next Generation Deep Space Nine Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Voyager Star Trek: Voyager Enterprise Star Trek: Enterprise television series television program
9 The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four additional feature films . The Next Generation Star Trek: The Next Generation
10 In 2009 , the film franchise underwent a `` reboot '' set in an alternate timeline , or `` Kelvin Timeline '' , entitled simply Star Trek . Star Trek Star Trek (film) film franchise Star Trek (film series) alternate timeline Alternate history
11 This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the original show ; their adventures were continued in the sequel film , Star Trek Into Darkness -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Star Trek Star Trek (film) Into Darkness Star Trek Into Darkness Star Trek Into Darkness Star Trek Into Darkness
12 The thirteenth film feature and sequel , Star Trek Beyond -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , was released to coincide with the franchise 's 50th anniversary . Star Trek Star Trek (film) Beyond Star Trek Beyond Star Trek Beyond Star Trek Beyond
13 A new Star Trek TV series , entitled Star Trek : Discovery , is set to premiere on the digital platform CBS All Access . Star Trek Star Trek (film) Discovery Star Trek: Discovery CBS All Access CBS All Access
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16 Star Trek has been a cult phenomenon for decades . Star Trek Star Trek (film) cult phenomenon cult following
17 Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers . Trekkies Trekkies
18 The franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games , figurines , novels , toys , and comics . spin-offs Star Trek spin-off fiction games Star Trek games novels List of Star Trek novels comics Star Trek (comics)
19 Star Trek had a themed attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998 and closed in September 2008 . Star Trek Star Trek (film) themed attraction Star Trek: The Experience Las Vegas Las Vegas Valley
20 At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world .
21 The series has its own full-fledged constructed language , Klingon . constructed language constructed language Klingon Klingon language
22 Several parodies have been made of Star Trek . Star Trek Star Trek (film)
23 In addition , viewers have produced several fan productions . fan productions Star Trek fan productions
24 As of July 2016 , the franchise had generated $ 10 billion in revenue , making Star Trek one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . Star Trek Star Trek (film) highest-grossing media franchises of all time List of the highest-grossing media franchises
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27 Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction . Star Trek Star Trek (film) science fiction science fiction its cultural influence Cultural influence of Star Trek
28 The franchise is also noted for its progressive civil rights stances .
29 The Original Series included one of television 's first multiracial casts . The Original Series Star Trek: The Original Series
30 Star Trek references may be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park . Star Trek Star Trek (film) Crimson Tide Crimson Tide (film) South Park South Park
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Superman | Superman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster , high school students living in Cleveland , Ohio , in 1933 . They sold Superman to Detective Comics , the future DC Comics , in 1938 . Superman debuted in Action Comics # 1 -LRB- cover-dated June 1938 -RRB- and subsequently appeared in various radio serials , newspaper strips , television programs , films , and video games . With this success , Superman helped to create the superhero archetype and establish its primacy within the American comic book . The character is also referred to by such epithets as the Big Blue Boy Scout , the Man of Steel , the Man of Tomorrow , and the Last Son of Krypton . The origin story of Superman relates that he was born Kal-El on the planet Krypton , before being rocketed to Earth as an infant by his scientist father Jor-El , moments before Krypton 's destruction . Discovered and adopted by a Kansas farm couple , the child is raised as Clark Kent and imbued with a strong moral compass . Very early on he started to display various superhuman abilities , which , upon reaching maturity , he resolved to use for the benefit of humanity through a `` Superman '' identity . Superman resides and operates in the fictional American city of Metropolis . As Clark Kent , he is a journalist for the Daily Planet , a Metropolis newspaper . Superman 's love interest is generally Lois Lane , and his archenemy is the supervillain Lex Luthor . A close ally of Batman and Wonder Woman , he is typically depicted as a member of the Justice League . Like other characters in the DC Universe , several alternate versions of Superman have been characterized over the years . Superman 's appearance is distinctive and iconic ; he usually wears a blue costume with a red-and-yellow emblem on the chest , consisting of the letter S in a shield shape , and a red cape . This shield is used in many media to symbolize the character . Superman is widely considered an American cultural icon . He has fascinated scholars , with cultural theorists , commentators , and critics alike exploring the character 's role and impact in the United States and worldwide . The character 's ownership has often been the subject of dispute , with Siegel and Shuster twice suing for the return of rights . The character has been adapted extensively and portrayed in other forms of media as well , including films , television series , and video games . Several actors have portrayed Superman in motion pictures and TV series including Kirk Alyn , George Reeves , Christopher Reeve , Dean Cain , Tom Welling , Brandon Routh , Henry Cavill , and Tyler Hoechlin . | 0 Superman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . DC Comics DC Comics superhero superhero American United States
1 The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster , high school students living in Cleveland , Ohio , in 1933 . Jerry Siegel Jerry Siegel Joe Shuster Joe Shuster Cleveland Cleveland Ohio Ohio
2 They sold Superman to Detective Comics , the future DC Comics , in 1938 . DC Comics DC Comics
3 Superman debuted in Action Comics # 1 -LRB- cover-dated June 1938 -RRB- and subsequently appeared in various radio serials , newspaper strips , television programs , films , and video games . Action Comics Action Comics cover-dated Cover date newspaper strips Comic strip
4 With this success , Superman helped to create the superhero archetype and establish its primacy within the American comic book . superhero superhero American comic book American comic book American United States
5 The character is also referred to by such epithets as the Big Blue Boy Scout , the Man of Steel , the Man of Tomorrow , and the Last Son of Krypton . Krypton Krypton (comics)
6
7
8 The origin story of Superman relates that he was born Kal-El on the planet Krypton , before being rocketed to Earth as an infant by his scientist father Jor-El , moments before Krypton 's destruction . Krypton Krypton (comics) origin story of Superman Origin of Superman Earth Earth Jor-El Jor-El
9 Discovered and adopted by a Kansas farm couple , the child is raised as Clark Kent and imbued with a strong moral compass . Clark Kent Clark Kent a Kansas farm couple Jonathan and Martha Kent
10 Very early on he started to display various superhuman abilities , which , upon reaching maturity , he resolved to use for the benefit of humanity through a `` Superman '' identity . superhuman superhuman abilities Powers and abilities of Superman
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13 Superman resides and operates in the fictional American city of Metropolis . Metropolis Metropolis (comics) American United States
14 As Clark Kent , he is a journalist for the Daily Planet , a Metropolis newspaper . Clark Kent Clark Kent Metropolis Metropolis (comics) Daily Planet Daily Planet
15 Superman 's love interest is generally Lois Lane , and his archenemy is the supervillain Lex Luthor . Lois Lane Lois Lane supervillain supervillain Lex Luthor Lex Luthor
16 A close ally of Batman and Wonder Woman , he is typically depicted as a member of the Justice League . Justice League Justice League Batman Batman Wonder Woman Wonder Woman
17 Like other characters in the DC Universe , several alternate versions of Superman have been characterized over the years . alternate versions alternative versions of Superman
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20 Superman 's appearance is distinctive and iconic ; he usually wears a blue costume with a red-and-yellow emblem on the chest , consisting of the letter S in a shield shape , and a red cape . emblem Superman logo
21 This shield is used in many media to symbolize the character .
22 Superman is widely considered an American cultural icon . American United States cultural icon cultural icon
23 He has fascinated scholars , with cultural theorists , commentators , and critics alike exploring the character 's role and impact in the United States and worldwide . cultural theorists Cultural studies United States United States
24 The character 's ownership has often been the subject of dispute , with Siegel and Shuster twice suing for the return of rights .
25 The character has been adapted extensively and portrayed in other forms of media as well , including films , television series , and video games . adapted extensively Superman (franchise)
26 Several actors have portrayed Superman in motion pictures and TV series including Kirk Alyn , George Reeves , Christopher Reeve , Dean Cain , Tom Welling , Brandon Routh , Henry Cavill , and Tyler Hoechlin . Kirk Alyn Kirk Alyn George Reeves George Reeves Christopher Reeve Christopher Reeve Dean Cain Dean Cain Tom Welling Tom Welling Brandon Routh Brandon Routh Henry Cavill Henry Cavill Tyler Hoechlin Tyler Hoechlin
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Stephanie_Daley | Stephanie Daley -- retitled What She Knew for US television -- is a 2006 film starring Amber Tamblyn , Melissa Leo , Tilda Swinton and Timothy Hutton . The film , which received a limited release in North America on April 20 , 2007 , focuses on the issue of teenage pregnancy . Stephanie Daley was developed at the Sundance Writers ' and Filmmakers ' Lab , and premiered at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival , where it won the Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award . The film also earned Tamblyn a nomination for best supporting female at the 2006 Independent Spirit Awards and the Leopard prize for best actress at the 2006 Locarno film festival . | 0 Stephanie Daley -- retitled What She Knew for US television -- is a 2006 film starring Amber Tamblyn , Melissa Leo , Tilda Swinton and Timothy Hutton . Amber Tamblyn Amber Tamblyn Tilda Swinton Tilda Swinton Timothy Hutton Timothy Hutton 2006 film 2006 in film Melissa Leo Melissa Leo
1 The film , which received a limited release in North America on April 20 , 2007 , focuses on the issue of teenage pregnancy . North America North America teenage pregnancy teenage pregnancy
2 Stephanie Daley was developed at the Sundance Writers ' and Filmmakers ' Lab , and premiered at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival , where it won the Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award . 2006 Sundance Film Festival 2006 Sundance Film Festival
3 The film also earned Tamblyn a nomination for best supporting female at the 2006 Independent Spirit Awards and the Leopard prize for best actress at the 2006 Locarno film festival . Independent Spirit Awards Independent Spirit Awards Locarno Locarno International Film Festival
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Steven_Gerrard | Steven George Gerrard , -LRB- born 30 May 1980 -RRB- is an English football coach and former player who currently serves as an Academy coach at Liverpool and will take over as manager of the club 's U18 side ahead of the 2017 -- 18 season . He played as a central midfielder and spent the majority of his career playing for Premier League club Liverpool , with most of that time spent as their captain . Gerrard spent 17 seasons at Anfield , making his Liverpool debut in 1998 , cementing his place in the first team in 2000 , and succeeding Sami Hyypiä as team captain in 2003 . His honours include two FA Cups , three League Cups , one UEFA Champions League , one UEFA Cup , and one UEFA Super Cup . Gerrard scored Liverpool 's first goal and won the penalty kick for the third as Liverpool came from 3 -- 0 down to defeat Milan in the 2005 Champions League Final . He joined Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy in July 2015 , spending one-and-a-half seasons there before retiring on 24 November 2016 . Gerrard made his international debut for the England national football team in 2000 , and represented his country at the 2000 , 2004 and 2012 UEFA European Football Championships , as well as the 2006 , 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups -- captaining the team at the latter two tournaments . He was named as the permanent England captain shortly before UEFA Euro 2012 , where he was named in the UEFA Team of the Tournament . Gerrard became the sixth player to win 100 caps for England in 2012 , and is currently fourth in the country 's all-time appearance list . He ended his international career in July 2014 , having won 114 caps . Regarded to be one of the greatest midfielders of his generation , Gerrard came second to Kenny Dalglish in the `` 100 Players Who Shook The Kop '' , a 2008 Liverpool fan poll , and first in 2013 . Zinedine Zidane and Pelé said in 2009 that they considered Gerrard to be the best footballer in the world . In 2005 , Gerrard was honoured as the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year and won the Ballon d'Or Bronze Award . He has also been named in the PFA Team of the Year a record eight times , the UEFA Team of the Year and FIFA World XI three times , and was named PFA Players ' Player of the Year in 2006 and the FWA Footballer of the Year in 2009 . He is , to date , the only footballer ever to have scored a goal in an FA Cup Final , a League Cup Final , a UEFA Cup Final and a UEFA Champions League Final , also being on the winning team on each occasion . | 0 Steven George Gerrard , -LRB- born 30 May 1980 -RRB- is an English football coach and former player who currently serves as an Academy coach at Liverpool and will take over as manager of the club 's U18 side ahead of the 2017 -- 18 season . Liverpool Liverpool F.C. football association football
1
2 He played as a central midfielder and spent the majority of his career playing for Premier League club Liverpool , with most of that time spent as their captain . Liverpool Liverpool F.C. central midfielder Midfielder#Central midfielder Premier League Premier League captain Captain (association football)
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5 Gerrard spent 17 seasons at Anfield , making his Liverpool debut in 1998 , cementing his place in the first team in 2000 , and succeeding Sami Hyypiä as team captain in 2003 . Liverpool Liverpool F.C. captain Captain (association football) Anfield Anfield Sami Hyypiä Sami Hyypiä 2000 UEFA Euro 2000
6 His honours include two FA Cups , three League Cups , one UEFA Champions League , one UEFA Cup , and one UEFA Super Cup . League Cups Football League Cup UEFA Champions League UEFA Champions League UEFA Cup UEFA Europa League UEFA Super Cup UEFA Super Cup
7 Gerrard scored Liverpool 's first goal and won the penalty kick for the third as Liverpool came from 3 -- 0 down to defeat Milan in the 2005 Champions League Final . Liverpool Liverpool F.C. Milan A.C. Milan 2005 Champions League Final 2005 UEFA Champions League Final
8 He joined Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy in July 2015 , spending one-and-a-half seasons there before retiring on 24 November 2016 . LA Galaxy LA Galaxy Major League Soccer Major League Soccer
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11 Gerrard made his international debut for the England national football team in 2000 , and represented his country at the 2000 , 2004 and 2012 UEFA European Football Championships , as well as the 2006 , 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups -- captaining the team at the latter two tournaments . England England national football team football association football England national football team England national football team 2000 UEFA Euro 2000 2004 UEFA Euro 2004 2012 UEFA Euro 2012 2006 2006 FIFA World Cup 2010 2010 FIFA World Cup 2014 2014 FIFA World Cup
12 He was named as the permanent England captain shortly before UEFA Euro 2012 , where he was named in the UEFA Team of the Tournament . UEFA Euro 2012 UEFA Euro 2012 England England national football team captain Captain (association football) 2012 UEFA Euro 2012 UEFA Team of the Tournament UEFA Euro 2012#Awards
13 Gerrard became the sixth player to win 100 caps for England in 2012 , and is currently fourth in the country 's all-time appearance list . England England national football team 2012 UEFA Euro 2012 100 caps List of footballers with 100 or more caps all-time appearance list England national football team#Most capped players
14 He ended his international career in July 2014 , having won 114 caps . 2014 2014 FIFA World Cup
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17 Regarded to be one of the greatest midfielders of his generation , Gerrard came second to Kenny Dalglish in the `` 100 Players Who Shook The Kop '' , a 2008 Liverpool fan poll , and first in 2013 . Liverpool Liverpool F.C. Kenny Dalglish Kenny Dalglish
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19 Zinedine Zidane and Pelé said in 2009 that they considered Gerrard to be the best footballer in the world . Zinedine Zidane Zinedine Zidane Pelé Pelé
20 In 2005 , Gerrard was honoured as the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year and won the Ballon d'Or Bronze Award . UEFA Club Footballer of the Year UEFA Club Footballer of the Year Ballon d'Or Bronze Award Ballon d'Or
21 He has also been named in the PFA Team of the Year a record eight times , the UEFA Team of the Year and FIFA World XI three times , and was named PFA Players ' Player of the Year in 2006 and the FWA Footballer of the Year in 2009 . 2006 2006 FIFA World Cup PFA Team of the Year PFA Team of the Year UEFA Team of the Year UEFA Team of the Year FIFA World XI FIFPro World XI FWA Footballer of the Year FWA Footballer of the Year
22 He is , to date , the only footballer ever to have scored a goal in an FA Cup Final , a League Cup Final , a UEFA Cup Final and a UEFA Champions League Final , also being on the winning team on each occasion . FA Cup FA Cup UEFA Champions League UEFA Champions League UEFA Cup UEFA Europa League FA Cup Final 2006 FA Cup Final League Cup Final 2003 Football League Cup Final UEFA Cup Final 2001 UEFA Cup Final UEFA Champions League Final 2005 UEFA Champions League Final
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Steel_-LRB-1997_film-RRB- | Steel is a 1997 American superhero action film based on the DC Comics character Steel . The film stars Shaquille O'Neal as John Henry Irons and his alter-ego Steel , Annabeth Gish as his wheelchair-using partner Susan Sparks , and Judd Nelson as their rival Nathaniel Burke . The plot centers on an accident caused by Burke which leaves Sparks paralyzed . The accident results in Irons quitting his job . Burke begins mass-producing weapons and selling them to criminals . In order to stop Burke , Irons and Sparks create a suit of armor that leads Irons to become the superhero Steel . Written and directed by Kenneth Johnson , the film separates itself from the comic book series -LRB- and John Henry Irons ' status as a supporting character of Superman -RRB- by using original protagonists and antagonists . On its initial release , Steel was a box office bust and was panned by critics , noting the `` cheesiness '' and bad acting in the film . | 0 Steel is a 1997 American superhero action film based on the DC Comics character Steel . superhero superhero film action film action film DC Comics DC Comics Steel Steel (John Henry Irons)
1 The film stars Shaquille O'Neal as John Henry Irons and his alter-ego Steel , Annabeth Gish as his wheelchair-using partner Susan Sparks , and Judd Nelson as their rival Nathaniel Burke . Shaquille O'Neal Shaquille O'Neal Annabeth Gish Annabeth Gish Judd Nelson Judd Nelson Steel Steel (John Henry Irons)
2 The plot centers on an accident caused by Burke which leaves Sparks paralyzed .
3 The accident results in Irons quitting his job .
4 Burke begins mass-producing weapons and selling them to criminals .
5 In order to stop Burke , Irons and Sparks create a suit of armor that leads Irons to become the superhero Steel . superhero superhero film Steel Steel (John Henry Irons)
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8 Written and directed by Kenneth Johnson , the film separates itself from the comic book series -LRB- and John Henry Irons ' status as a supporting character of Superman -RRB- by using original protagonists and antagonists . Kenneth Johnson Kenneth Johnson (producer) Superman Superman
9 On its initial release , Steel was a box office bust and was panned by critics , noting the `` cheesiness '' and bad acting in the film . Steel Steel (John Henry Irons) box office bust Box office bomb
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Stephen_Hawking | Stephen William Hawking , -LRB- born 8 January 1942 -RRB- is an English theoretical physicist , cosmologist , author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge . His scientific works include a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation , often called Hawking radiation . Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics . He is a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics . Hawking is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts , a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences , and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the highest civilian award in the US . In 2002 , Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC 's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons . He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009 and has achieved commercial success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general ; his book A Brief History of Time appeared on the British Sunday Times best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks . Hawking has a rare early-onset , slow-progressing form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -LRB- ALS -RRB- that has gradually paralysed him over the decades . He now communicates using a single cheek muscle attached to a speech-generating device . | 0 Stephen William Hawking , -LRB- born 8 January 1942 -RRB- is an English theoretical physicist , cosmologist , author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge . theoretical physicist theoretical physics cosmologist cosmologist Centre for Theoretical Cosmology Centre for Theoretical Cosmology University of Cambridge University of Cambridge
1 His scientific works include a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation , often called Hawking radiation . Hawking radiation Hawking radiation Roger Penrose Roger Penrose gravitational singularity theorems Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems general relativity general relativity
2 Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics . cosmology cosmology quantum mechanics quantum mechanics
3 He is a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics . quantum mechanics quantum mechanics many-worlds interpretation many-worlds interpretation
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6 Hawking is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts , a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences , and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the highest civilian award in the US . Presidential Medal of Freedom Presidential Medal of Freedom Honorary Fellow Honorary Fellow Royal Society of Arts Royal Society of Arts Pontifical Academy of Sciences Pontifical Academy of Sciences
7 In 2002 , Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC 's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons . 100 Greatest Britons 100 Greatest Britons
8 He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009 and has achieved commercial success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general ; his book A Brief History of Time appeared on the British Sunday Times best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks . University of Cambridge University of Cambridge cosmology cosmology Lucasian Professor of Mathematics Lucasian Professor of Mathematics popular science popular science A Brief History of Time A Brief History of Time Sunday Times The Sunday Times
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11 Hawking has a rare early-onset , slow-progressing form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -LRB- ALS -RRB- that has gradually paralysed him over the decades . amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
12 He now communicates using a single cheek muscle attached to a speech-generating device . speech-generating device speech-generating device
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Sunflower_-LRB-1970_film-RRB- | Sunflower -LRB- I girasoli -RRB- is a 1970 Italian drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica . It was the first western movie to be filmed in the USSR . | 0 Sunflower -LRB- I girasoli -RRB- is a 1970 Italian drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica . Vittorio De Sica Vittorio De Sica 1970 1970 in film Italian Cinema of Italy drama film drama film
1 It was the first western movie to be filmed in the USSR . western western culture USSR Soviet Union
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Sweden | Sweden -LRB- Konungariket Sverige -RRB- , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund . At 450295 km2 , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area , with a total population of 10.0 million . Sweden consequently has a low population density of 22 PD/km2 , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country . Approximately 85 % of the population lives in urban areas . Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times , emerging into history as the Geats/G ötar and Swedes/Svear and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general very mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence , that in spite of this still retains warm continental summers . Today , Sweden is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , with a monarch as head of state . The capital city is Stockholm , which is also the most populous city in the country . Legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag . Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister . Sweden is a unitary state , currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities . Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages . In the 17th century , it expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire , which became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century . Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries , ending with the annexation of present-day Finland by Russia in 1809 . The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814 , when Norway was militarily forced into personal union . Since then , Sweden has been at peace , maintaining an official policy of neutrality in foreign affairs . The union with Norway was peacefully dissolved in 1905 , leading to Sweden 's current borders . Though Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars , Sweden engaged in humanitarian efforts , such as taking in refugees from German-occupied Europe . After the end of the Cold War , Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 , but declined NATO membership , as well as Eurozone membership following a referendum . It is also a member of the United Nations , the Nordic Council , Council of Europe , the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -LRB- OECD -RRB- . Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens . It has the world 's eighth-highest per capita income and ranks highly in numerous metrics of national performance , including quality of life , health , education , protection of civil liberties , economic competitiveness , equality , prosperity and human development . | 0 Sweden -LRB- Konungariket Sverige -RRB- , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . Northern Europe Northern Europe
1 It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund . Norway Norway Finland Finland Denmark Denmark bridge-tunnel Øresund Bridge Öresund Øresund
2 At 450295 km2 , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area , with a total population of 10.0 million . European Union European Union
3 Sweden consequently has a low population density of 22 PD/km2 , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country .
4 Approximately 85 % of the population lives in urban areas .
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7 Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times , emerging into history as the Geats/G ötar and Swedes/Svear and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen . Germanic peoples Germanic peoples Geats Geats Swedes/Svear Swedes (Germanic tribe) Norsemen Norsemen
8 Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested . agricultural agriculture the north Norrland terrain
9 Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . Fennoscandia Fennoscandia
10 The climate is in general very mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence , that in spite of this still retains warm continental summers . climate Sweden#Climate
11 Today , Sweden is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , with a monarch as head of state . parliamentary parliamentary system constitutional monarchy constitutional monarchy democracy Parliamentary democracy monarch Monarchy of Sweden head of state head of state
12 The capital city is Stockholm , which is also the most populous city in the country . Stockholm Stockholm capital city capital city
13 Legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag . Riksdag Riksdag Legislative power Legislature unicameral unicameral
14 Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister . Executive power Executive (government) government Government of Sweden prime minister Prime Minister of Sweden
15 Sweden is a unitary state , currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities . unitary state unitary state 21 counties counties of Sweden 290 municipalities Municipalities of Sweden
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18 Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages . Middle Ages Middle Ages
19 In the 17th century , it expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire , which became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century . Swedish Swedish people Swedish Empire Swedish Empire
20 Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries , ending with the annexation of present-day Finland by Russia in 1809 . Swedish Swedish people Finland Finland Russia Russian Empire
21 The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814 , when Norway was militarily forced into personal union . Norway Norway personal union Union between Sweden and Norway
22 Since then , Sweden has been at peace , maintaining an official policy of neutrality in foreign affairs . neutrality Swedish neutrality
23 The union with Norway was peacefully dissolved in 1905 , leading to Sweden 's current borders . Norway Norway peacefully dissolved Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
24 Though Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars , Sweden engaged in humanitarian efforts , such as taking in refugees from German-occupied Europe . humanitarian Humanitarianism German-occupied Europe German-occupied Europe
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27 After the end of the Cold War , Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 , but declined NATO membership , as well as Eurozone membership following a referendum . European Union European Union Cold War Cold War NATO NATO Eurozone Eurozone referendum Swedish euro referendum, 2003
28 It is also a member of the United Nations , the Nordic Council , Council of Europe , the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -LRB- OECD -RRB- . United Nations United Nations Nordic Council Nordic Council Council of Europe Council of Europe World Trade Organization World Trade Organization Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
29 Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens . Nordic social welfare system Nordic model universal health care universal health care tertiary education tertiary education education Education Index
30 It has the world 's eighth-highest per capita income and ranks highly in numerous metrics of national performance , including quality of life , health , education , protection of civil liberties , economic competitiveness , equality , prosperity and human development . quality of life quality of life education Education Index civil liberties Freedom in the World equality Gini coefficient prosperity Legatum Prosperity Index human development Human Development Index
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Stephen_Root | Stephen Root -LRB- born November 17 , 1951 -RRB- is an American actor , comedian , and voice actor . He has starred as Jimmy James on the TV sitcom NewsRadio , as Milton Waddams in the film Office Space , and as the voices of Bill Dauterive and Buck Strickland in the animated series King of the Hill . His other roles have included Captain K'Vada in the Star Trek : The Next Generation feature-length episode `` Unification '' , and Gordon Pibb in DodgeBall : A True Underdog Story . | 0 Stephen Root -LRB- born November 17 , 1951 -RRB- is an American actor , comedian , and voice actor .
1 He has starred as Jimmy James on the TV sitcom NewsRadio , as Milton Waddams in the film Office Space , and as the voices of Bill Dauterive and Buck Strickland in the animated series King of the Hill . NewsRadio NewsRadio Office Space Office Space Bill Dauterive Bill Dauterive Buck Strickland Buck Strickland King of the Hill King of the Hill
2 His other roles have included Captain K'Vada in the Star Trek : The Next Generation feature-length episode `` Unification '' , and Gordon Pibb in DodgeBall : A True Underdog Story . Unification Unification (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
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Sully_-LRB-film-RRB- | Sully -LRB- also known as Sully : Miracle on the Hudson -RRB- is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Todd Komarnicki , based on the autobiography Highest Duty by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow . The film stars Tom Hanks as Sullenberger , with Aaron Eckhart , Laura Linney , Anna Gunn , Autumn Reeser , Holt McCallany , Jamey Sheridan , and Jerry Ferrara in supporting roles . The film follows Sullenberger 's January 2009 emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River , in which all 155 passengers and crew survived with only minor injuries , and the subsequent publicity and investigation . Sully premiered at the 43rd Annual Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 , and was released in the United States by Warner Bros. on September 9 , 2016 , in conventional and IMAX theaters . The film received positive reviews from critics and has grossed over $ 238 million worldwide , but created controversy with its portrayal of the National Transportation Safety Board -LRB- NTSB -RRB- . The American Film Institute selected it as one of its ten Movies of the Year . | 0 Sully -LRB- also known as Sully : Miracle on the Hudson -RRB- is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Todd Komarnicki , based on the autobiography Highest Duty by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow . Clint Eastwood Clint Eastwood Highest Duty Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters Chesley Sullenberger Chesley Sullenberger Jeffrey Zaslow Jeffrey Zaslow biographical Biographical film drama film Drama (film and television)
1 The film stars Tom Hanks as Sullenberger , with Aaron Eckhart , Laura Linney , Anna Gunn , Autumn Reeser , Holt McCallany , Jamey Sheridan , and Jerry Ferrara in supporting roles . Tom Hanks Tom Hanks Aaron Eckhart Aaron Eckhart Laura Linney Laura Linney Anna Gunn Anna Gunn Autumn Reeser Autumn Reeser Holt McCallany Holt McCallany Jamey Sheridan Jamey Sheridan Jerry Ferrara Jerry Ferrara
2 The film follows Sullenberger 's January 2009 emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River , in which all 155 passengers and crew survived with only minor injuries , and the subsequent publicity and investigation . US Airways Flight 1549 US Airways Flight 1549 Hudson River Hudson River
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5 Sully premiered at the 43rd Annual Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 , and was released in the United States by Warner Bros. on September 9 , 2016 , in conventional and IMAX theaters . Telluride Telluride Film Festival Telluride Film Festival Telluride Film Festival IMAX IMAX
6 The film received positive reviews from critics and has grossed over $ 238 million worldwide , but created controversy with its portrayal of the National Transportation Safety Board -LRB- NTSB -RRB- . National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board
7 The American Film Institute selected it as one of its ten Movies of the Year . American Film Institute American Film Institute
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Survivalism_-LRB-song-RRB- | `` Survivalism '' is a song by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails from their fifth studio album , Year Zero -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . It was released as the album 's lead single . The single was released digitally on the iTunes Store on March 13 , 2007 , and the CD and vinyl singles were released internationally on April 2 , 2007 . On February 14 , 2007 , a clip of the chorus to `` Survivalism '' was first heard by fans calling the telephone number 1-310-295-1040 , which was found by joining discolored numerals on the back of a tour T-shirt . FMQB reported that `` Survivalism '' would arrive at radio stations on February 27 with an add date of March 6 , but 102.1 The Edge in Toronto debuted the song on February 15 , and on the next day , it was officially played on radio stations across the United States . It was later made available on Nine Inch Nails ' Myspace page . As with `` The Hand That Feeds '' and `` Only '' , the `` Survivalism '' multi-track GarageBand file was released by the band for fan remixing on March 13 . It can be downloaded on the album 's website . In July 2012 , Canadian house musician deadmau5 produced a remix of the song , which was later included on his 2014 album while -LRB- 1 < 2 -RRB- . | 0 `` Survivalism '' is a song by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails from their fifth studio album , Year Zero -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . Nine Inch Nails Nine Inch Nails Year Zero Year Zero (album) industrial rock industrial rock
1 It was released as the album 's lead single .
2 The single was released digitally on the iTunes Store on March 13 , 2007 , and the CD and vinyl singles were released internationally on April 2 , 2007 . CD CD single iTunes Store iTunes Store vinyl singles Gramophone record
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5 On February 14 , 2007 , a clip of the chorus to `` Survivalism '' was first heard by fans calling the telephone number 1-310-295-1040 , which was found by joining discolored numerals on the back of a tour T-shirt .
6 FMQB reported that `` Survivalism '' would arrive at radio stations on February 27 with an add date of March 6 , but 102.1 The Edge in Toronto debuted the song on February 15 , and on the next day , it was officially played on radio stations across the United States . 102.1 The Edge CFNY Toronto Toronto
7 It was later made available on Nine Inch Nails ' Myspace page . Nine Inch Nails Nine Inch Nails Myspace Myspace
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10 As with `` The Hand That Feeds '' and `` Only '' , the `` Survivalism '' multi-track GarageBand file was released by the band for fan remixing on March 13 . The Hand That Feeds The Hand That Feeds Only Only (Nine Inch Nails song) multi-track Multitrack recording GarageBand GarageBand
11 It can be downloaded on the album 's website .
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14 In July 2012 , Canadian house musician deadmau5 produced a remix of the song , which was later included on his 2014 album while -LRB- 1 < 2 -RRB- . deadmau5 deadmau5
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Swiss_Army_Man | Swiss Army Man is a 2016 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert , starring Paul Dano , Daniel Radcliffe , and Mary Elizabeth Winstead . The film had its world premiere at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 22 , and began a theatrical limited release on June 24 , 2016 , before opening wide on July 1 . The film has been positively received by critics . Dano plays Hank , a man who is attempting suicide after being lost on an island , when he sees a corpse wash ashore portrayed by Radcliffe . He develops a type of friendship with the dead body and discovers that he can manipulate the cadaver like a Swiss Army knife . | 0 Swiss Army Man is a 2016 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert , starring Paul Dano , Daniel Radcliffe , and Mary Elizabeth Winstead . Daniel Scheinert Daniels (directors) Daniel Kwan Daniels (directors) Paul Dano Paul Dano Daniel Radcliffe Daniel Radcliffe Mary Elizabeth Winstead Mary Elizabeth Winstead comedy-drama film Comedy-drama Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert Daniels (directors)
1 The film had its world premiere at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 22 , and began a theatrical limited release on June 24 , 2016 , before opening wide on July 1 . Sundance Film Festival 2016 Sundance Film Festival 2016 Sundance Film Festival 2016 Sundance Film Festival limited release limited release
2 The film has been positively received by critics .
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5 Dano plays Hank , a man who is attempting suicide after being lost on an island , when he sees a corpse wash ashore portrayed by Radcliffe .
6 He develops a type of friendship with the dead body and discovers that he can manipulate the cadaver like a Swiss Army knife . Swiss Army knife Swiss Army knife
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Superhero_film | A superhero film , superhero movie or superhero motion picture is a film that is focused on the actions of one or more superheroes : individuals who usually possess superhuman abilities relative to a normal person and are dedicated to protecting the public . These films typically feature action , adventure , fantasy and/or science fiction elements , with the first film of a particular character often including a focus on the origin of his or her special powers and his or her first confrontation with his or her most famous supervillain or archenemy . Most superhero movies are based on superhero comics . By contrast , several films such as the RoboCop series , The Meteor Man , Unbreakable , The Incredibles , Hancock and They Call Me Jeeg are original for the screen , while The Green Hornet is based primarily on the original radio series and its 1960s television adaptation , and both Underdog and The Powerpuff Girls are based on animated television series . The most notable and successful superhero films of the present day are films set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe starting with Iron Man -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and Christopher Nolan 's Dark Knight Trilogy . | 0 A superhero film , superhero movie or superhero motion picture is a film that is focused on the actions of one or more superheroes : individuals who usually possess superhuman abilities relative to a normal person and are dedicated to protecting the public . superhero superhero superhuman abilities List of superhuman features and abilities in fiction
1 These films typically feature action , adventure , fantasy and/or science fiction elements , with the first film of a particular character often including a focus on the origin of his or her special powers and his or her first confrontation with his or her most famous supervillain or archenemy . action Action film adventure Adventure film fantasy Fantasy film science fiction science fiction film origin Origin story supervillain supervillain archenemy archenemy
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4 Most superhero movies are based on superhero comics . superhero superhero superhero comics superhero comics
5 By contrast , several films such as the RoboCop series , The Meteor Man , Unbreakable , The Incredibles , Hancock and They Call Me Jeeg are original for the screen , while The Green Hornet is based primarily on the original radio series and its 1960s television adaptation , and both Underdog and The Powerpuff Girls are based on animated television series . RoboCop RoboCop (franchise) The Meteor Man The Meteor Man (film) Unbreakable Unbreakable (film) The Incredibles The Incredibles Hancock Hancock (film) They Call Me Jeeg They Call Me Jeeg The Green Hornet The Green Hornet radio series The Green Hornet (radio series) television adaptation The Green Hornet (TV series) Underdog Underdog (film) The Powerpuff Girls The Powerpuff Girls (film) animated television series animated television series
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8 The most notable and successful superhero films of the present day are films set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe starting with Iron Man -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and Christopher Nolan 's Dark Knight Trilogy . superhero superhero Marvel Cinematic Universe Marvel Cinematic Universe Iron Man Iron Man (2008 film) Christopher Nolan Christopher Nolan Dark Knight Trilogy Dark Knight Trilogy
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Sue_Bird | Suzanne Brigit `` Sue '' Bird -LRB- born October 16 , 1980 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for the Seattle Storm of the Women 's National Basketball Association -LRB- WNBA -RRB- . Bird was the first overall pick of the 2002 WNBA Draft . She also played for multiple basketball teams outside of the United States . In high school , she was the New York State Player of the Year , the New York Daily News Player of the Year , and a WBCA All-American . In her senior year at undefeated UConn in 2002 , she won the Wade Trophy and the Naismith Award as College Player of the Year . She finished her UConn career ranked first in three-point field goal percentage and free throw percentage , second in assists and steals , and as a three-time winner of the Nancy Lieberman Award as the top point guard in the nation , while leading her team to a record of 114 -- 4 . Bird has won two WNBA championships -LRB- 2004 , 2010 -RRB- , four Olympic gold medals , -LRB- 2004 , 2008 , 2012 , 2016 -RRB- , and led the WNBA in assists three times -LRB- 2005 , 2009 , 2016 -RRB- . She has also been selected to nine WNBA All-Star teams and seven All-WNBA teams . Bird is one of nine women to win an Olympic Gold Medal , an NCAA Championship , and a WNBA Championship . In 2011 , she was voted by fans as one of the WNBA 's Top 15 Players of All Time and was voted into the WNBA Top 20@20 as one of the league 's Top 20 Players of All Time . | 0 Suzanne Brigit `` Sue '' Bird -LRB- born October 16 , 1980 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player for the Seattle Storm of the Women 's National Basketball Association -LRB- WNBA -RRB- . WNBA WNBA Seattle Storm Seattle Storm basketball basketball
1 Bird was the first overall pick of the 2002 WNBA Draft . WNBA WNBA 2002 2002 WNBA All-Star Game
2 She also played for multiple basketball teams outside of the United States . basketball basketball
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5 In high school , she was the New York State Player of the Year , the New York Daily News Player of the Year , and a WBCA All-American . New York Daily News New York Daily News WBCA Women's Basketball Coaches Association
6 In her senior year at undefeated UConn in 2002 , she won the Wade Trophy and the Naismith Award as College Player of the Year . 2002 2002 WNBA All-Star Game Wade Trophy Wade Trophy Naismith Award Naismith College Player of the Year
7 She finished her UConn career ranked first in three-point field goal percentage and free throw percentage , second in assists and steals , and as a three-time winner of the Nancy Lieberman Award as the top point guard in the nation , while leading her team to a record of 114 -- 4 . Nancy Lieberman Award Nancy Lieberman Award
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10 Bird has won two WNBA championships -LRB- 2004 , 2010 -RRB- , four Olympic gold medals , -LRB- 2004 , 2008 , 2012 , 2016 -RRB- , and led the WNBA in assists three times -LRB- 2005 , 2009 , 2016 -RRB- . WNBA WNBA 2004 Basketball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's team squads 2010 2010 WNBA Finals 2005 2005 WNBA season 2009 2009 WNBA Season WNBA championships List of WNBA champions Olympic gold medals Basketball at the Summer Olympics 2008 Basketball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's team rosters 2012 Basketball at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's team rosters 2016 2016 WNBA season
11 She has also been selected to nine WNBA All-Star teams and seven All-WNBA teams . WNBA WNBA WNBA All-Star WNBA All-Star Game All-WNBA All-WNBA Team
12 Bird is one of nine women to win an Olympic Gold Medal , an NCAA Championship , and a WNBA Championship . WNBA WNBA
13 In 2011 , she was voted by fans as one of the WNBA 's Top 15 Players of All Time and was voted into the WNBA Top 20@20 as one of the league 's Top 20 Players of All Time . WNBA WNBA 2011 2011 WNBA All-Star Game WNBA Top 20@20 WNBA Top 20@20
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Stars_Dance | Stars Dance is the solo debut studio album by American singer Selena Gomez . It was released on July 19 , 2013 , by Hollywood Records . Gomez began planning the project in 2012 , at which time she announced that her band Selena Gomez & the Scene would be taking an indefinite hiatus , and continued work into 2013 . She has cited artists such as Britney Spears and Skrillex as influences on the record , which stylistically features EDM and electropop music . Elements of dubstep , techno , disco and worldbeat have been noted on the album . Gomez worked with producers such as Rock Mafia and The Cataracs on the album . Upon its release , Stars Dance received generally mixed reviews from music critics . While some complimented both Gomez 's maturing image and the album 's content both lyrically and vocally , the album was criticized for its electronic-heavy and somewhat `` generic '' production . It is her first album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album sold 97,000 copies in its first week of release in the country , making it her highest selling debut at the time . This was later surpassed by her second studio effort , Revival -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , which sold 117,000 units in its first week . It became her fourth top twenty entry in the United Kingdom , peaking at number fourteen . As of May 2017 , the album has sold an estimated 407,000 copies in the United States , making it her lowest selling studio album to date in the country . The album 's lead single , `` Come & Get It '' featured heavy electronic and worldbeat themes , became Gomez 's first top 10 entry in the United States , and entered the top ten in countries such as the United Kingdom , Ireland , and Canada , among others . It was also successful on pop radio , reaching number-two on the Mainstream Top 40 chart . The second single , `` Slow Down '' , failed to match the success of its predecessor , though did peak inside the Top 30 in the United States . It was met with success on pop radio , reaching the top ten of the Mainstream Top 40 chart . Gomez promoted the album through a number of high-profile performances , such as the 2013 Billboard Music Awards . Gomez embarked on the Stars Dance Tour -LRB- 2013 -RRB- to further promote the release . | 0 Stars Dance is the solo debut studio album by American singer Selena Gomez . Selena Gomez Selena Gomez
1 It was released on July 19 , 2013 , by Hollywood Records . Hollywood Hollywood Records Hollywood Records Hollywood Records
2 Gomez began planning the project in 2012 , at which time she announced that her band Selena Gomez & the Scene would be taking an indefinite hiatus , and continued work into 2013 . Selena Gomez Selena Gomez Selena Gomez & the Scene Selena Gomez & the Scene
3 She has cited artists such as Britney Spears and Skrillex as influences on the record , which stylistically features EDM and electropop music . EDM electronic dance music electropop electropop Britney Spears Britney Spears Skrillex Skrillex
4 Elements of dubstep , techno , disco and worldbeat have been noted on the album . dubstep dubstep techno techno disco disco worldbeat worldbeat
5 Gomez worked with producers such as Rock Mafia and The Cataracs on the album . Rock Mafia Rock Mafia The Cataracs The Cataracs
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8 Upon its release , Stars Dance received generally mixed reviews from music critics . music critics Music journalism
9 While some complimented both Gomez 's maturing image and the album 's content both lyrically and vocally , the album was criticized for its electronic-heavy and somewhat `` generic '' production .
10 It is her first album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 .
11 The album sold 97,000 copies in its first week of release in the country , making it her highest selling debut at the time .
12 This was later surpassed by her second studio effort , Revival -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , which sold 117,000 units in its first week . Revival Revival (Selena Gomez album)
13 It became her fourth top twenty entry in the United Kingdom , peaking at number fourteen .
14 As of May 2017 , the album has sold an estimated 407,000 copies in the United States , making it her lowest selling studio album to date in the country .
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17 The album 's lead single , `` Come & Get It '' featured heavy electronic and worldbeat themes , became Gomez 's first top 10 entry in the United States , and entered the top ten in countries such as the United Kingdom , Ireland , and Canada , among others . Come & Get It Come & Get It (Selena Gomez song) worldbeat worldbeat
18 It was also successful on pop radio , reaching number-two on the Mainstream Top 40 chart . Mainstream Top 40 Mainstream Top 40
19 The second single , `` Slow Down '' , failed to match the success of its predecessor , though did peak inside the Top 30 in the United States . Slow Down Slow Down (Selena Gomez song)
20 It was met with success on pop radio , reaching the top ten of the Mainstream Top 40 chart . Mainstream Top 40 Mainstream Top 40
21 Gomez promoted the album through a number of high-profile performances , such as the 2013 Billboard Music Awards .
22 Gomez embarked on the Stars Dance Tour -LRB- 2013 -RRB- to further promote the release . Stars Dance Tour Stars Dance Tour
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Starboy_-LRB-album-RRB- | Starboy is the third studio album by Canadian singer The Weeknd . It was released on November 25 , 2016 , by XO and Republic Records . The album features guest appearances from Daft Punk , Lana Del Rey , Future , and Kendrick Lamar . The album was supported by five singles : `` Starboy '' , `` I Feel It Coming '' , `` Party Monster '' , `` Reminder '' and `` Rockin ' '' . Starboy received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with 348,000 album-equivalent units , including 209,000 traditional album sales in the first week . It also debuted at number one on Billboards Canadian Albums Chart . | 0 Starboy is the third studio album by Canadian singer The Weeknd . The Weeknd The Weeknd Starboy Starboy (song)
1 It was released on November 25 , 2016 , by XO and Republic Records . XO XO (record label) Republic Republic Records Republic Records Republic Records
2 The album features guest appearances from Daft Punk , Lana Del Rey , Future , and Kendrick Lamar . Daft Punk Daft Punk Lana Del Rey Lana Del Rey Future Future (rapper) Kendrick Lamar Kendrick Lamar
3 The album was supported by five singles : `` Starboy '' , `` I Feel It Coming '' , `` Party Monster '' , `` Reminder '' and `` Rockin ' '' . Starboy Starboy (song) I Feel It Coming I Feel It Coming Party Monster Party Monster (song) Reminder Reminder (song) singles single (music)
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6 Starboy received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with 348,000 album-equivalent units , including 209,000 traditional album sales in the first week . Starboy Starboy (song) Billboard Billboard (magazine)
7 It also debuted at number one on Billboards Canadian Albums Chart . Canadian Albums Chart Canadian Albums Chart
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Superunknown | Superunknown is the fourth album by American rock band Soundgarden , released on March 8 , 1994 , through A&M Records . It is the band 's second album with bassist Ben Shepherd , and features new producer Michael Beinhorn . Soundgarden began work on the album after touring in support of its previous album , Badmotorfinger -LRB- 1991 -RRB- . Superunknown continued a departure from the band 's earlier releases while displaying a more diverse range of influences . Superunknown was a critical and commercial success and became the band 's breakthrough album . It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , selling 310,000 copies in its opening week and reached high positions on charts worldwide . Five singles were released from the album : `` The Day I Tried to Live '' , `` My Wave '' , `` Fell on Black Days '' , `` Spoonman '' , and `` Black Hole Sun '' , the latter two of which won Grammy Awards and helped Soundgarden reach mainstream popularity . In 1995 , the album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album . The album has been certified five times platinum by the RIAA in the United States , has sold 10 million copies worldwide and remains Soundgarden 's most successful album . | 0 Superunknown is the fourth album by American rock band Soundgarden , released on March 8 , 1994 , through A&M Records . Soundgarden Soundgarden A&M A&M Records rock rock music A&M Records A&M Records
1 It is the band 's second album with bassist Ben Shepherd , and features new producer Michael Beinhorn . Michael Beinhorn Michael Beinhorn Ben Shepherd Ben Shepherd
2 Soundgarden began work on the album after touring in support of its previous album , Badmotorfinger -LRB- 1991 -RRB- . Soundgarden Soundgarden Badmotorfinger Badmotorfinger
3 Superunknown continued a departure from the band 's earlier releases while displaying a more diverse range of influences .
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6 Superunknown was a critical and commercial success and became the band 's breakthrough album .
7 It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , selling 310,000 copies in its opening week and reached high positions on charts worldwide .
8 Five singles were released from the album : `` The Day I Tried to Live '' , `` My Wave '' , `` Fell on Black Days '' , `` Spoonman '' , and `` Black Hole Sun '' , the latter two of which won Grammy Awards and helped Soundgarden reach mainstream popularity . Soundgarden Soundgarden Spoonman Spoonman The Day I Tried to Live The Day I Tried to Live Black Hole Sun Black Hole Sun My Wave My Wave Fell on Black Days Fell on Black Days (song) Grammy Awards Grammy Awards
9 In 1995 , the album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album . Grammy Award for Best Rock Album Grammy Award for Best Rock Album
10 The album has been certified five times platinum by the RIAA in the United States , has sold 10 million copies worldwide and remains Soundgarden 's most successful album . Soundgarden Soundgarden five times platinum RIAA certification RIAA Recording Industry Association of America
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Super_8_-LRB-film-RRB- | Super 8 is a 2011 American science-fiction thriller film written , co-produced , and directed by J. J. Abrams and produced by Steven Spielberg . The film stars Joel Courtney , Elle Fanning , and Kyle Chandler and tells the story of a group of young teenagers who are filming their own Super 8 movie when a train derails , releasing a dangerous presence into their town . The film was shot in Weirton , West Virginia and surrounding areas . Super 8 was released on June 10 , 2011 , in conventional and IMAX theaters in the United States . The film was well received , with critics praising the film for its nostalgic elements , visual effects , musical score , and for the performances of its young actors , particularly those of Fanning and newcomer Courtney , while also being heavily compared to films like like E.T. , Stand by Me , and The Goonies . It was also a commercial success , grossing over $ 260 million against a $ 50 million budget . The film received several awards and nominations , primarily in technical and special effects categories , Giacchino 's musical score , as well as for Courtney and Fanning 's performances . | 0 Super 8 is a 2011 American science-fiction thriller film written , co-produced , and directed by J. J. Abrams and produced by Steven Spielberg . J. J. Abrams J. J. Abrams Steven Spielberg Steven Spielberg science-fiction Science fiction film thriller film thriller film Super 8 Super 8 film
1 The film stars Joel Courtney , Elle Fanning , and Kyle Chandler and tells the story of a group of young teenagers who are filming their own Super 8 movie when a train derails , releasing a dangerous presence into their town . Joel Courtney Joel Courtney Elle Fanning Elle Fanning Kyle Chandler Kyle Chandler Super 8 Super 8 film
2 The film was shot in Weirton , West Virginia and surrounding areas .
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5 Super 8 was released on June 10 , 2011 , in conventional and IMAX theaters in the United States . Super 8 Super 8 film IMAX IMAX
6 The film was well received , with critics praising the film for its nostalgic elements , visual effects , musical score , and for the performances of its young actors , particularly those of Fanning and newcomer Courtney , while also being heavily compared to films like like E.T. , Stand by Me , and The Goonies . Stand by Me Stand by Me (film) The Goonies The Goonies
7 It was also a commercial success , grossing over $ 260 million against a $ 50 million budget .
8 The film received several awards and nominations , primarily in technical and special effects categories , Giacchino 's musical score , as well as for Courtney and Fanning 's performances .
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Steve_Coogan | Stephen John Coogan -LRB- born 14 October 1965 -RRB- is an Irish-English actor , stand-up comedian , impressionist , screenwriter , and producer . He began his career in the 1980s , working as a voice artist on the satirical puppet show Spitting Image and providing voiceovers for television advertisements . In the early 1990s , he began creating original comic characters , leading him to win the Perrier Award at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe . In 1999 , he co-founded the production company Baby Cow Productions . While working with Armando Iannucci on On the Hour and The Day Today , Coogan created his most developed and popular character : Alan Partridge , a socially awkward and politically incorrect regional media personality . He featured in several television series , which earned him three BAFTA nominations and two wins for Best Comedy Performance . A feature-length film , Alan Partridge : Alpha Papa , was released in 2013 , and opened at number one at the British box office . Coogan grew in prominence within the film industry in 2002 , after starring in The Parole Officer and 24 Hour Party People . He portrayed Phileas Fogg in the 2004 remake Around the World in 80 Days and co-starred in The Other Guys , Tropic Thunder , In the Loop , Hamlet 2 , Our Idiot Brother , Ruby Sparks and the Night at the Museum films , as well as collaborating with Rob Brydon in The Trip and A Cock and Bull Story . He was also a voice actor in the animated comedy films Despicable Me 2 and its prequel Minions , and played Hades in Percy Jackson & the Olympians : The Lightning Thief . Coogan has also branched out into more dramatic roles , with What Maisie Knew , and portrayed Paul Raymond in the biopic The Look of Love . He co-wrote , produced , and starred in the film adaptation Philomena , which earned him a Golden Globe and BAFTA nomination , and two Academy Award nominations -LRB- for Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Picture -RRB- . He has been cast in the lead role for the ABC television pilot Doubt and the Showtime drama Happyish . On 22 November 2011 , Coogan , along with Hugh Grant , gave evidence to the Leveson Inquiry on phone hacking , favouring regulation of the press . | 0 Stephen John Coogan -LRB- born 14 October 1965 -RRB- is an Irish-English actor , stand-up comedian , impressionist , screenwriter , and producer .
1 He began his career in the 1980s , working as a voice artist on the satirical puppet show Spitting Image and providing voiceovers for television advertisements . voice artist voice artist satirical satirical Spitting Image Spitting Image
2 In the early 1990s , he began creating original comic characters , leading him to win the Perrier Award at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe . Perrier Award Edinburgh Comedy Awards Edinburgh Festival Fringe Edinburgh Festival Fringe
3 In 1999 , he co-founded the production company Baby Cow Productions . Baby Cow Productions Baby Cow Productions
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6 While working with Armando Iannucci on On the Hour and The Day Today , Coogan created his most developed and popular character : Alan Partridge , a socially awkward and politically incorrect regional media personality . Armando Iannucci Armando Iannucci On the Hour On the Hour The Day Today The Day Today Alan Partridge Alan Partridge politically incorrect politically incorrect
7 He featured in several television series , which earned him three BAFTA nominations and two wins for Best Comedy Performance . BAFTA BAFTA Best Comedy Performance British Academy Television Award for Best Comedy Performance
8 A feature-length film , Alan Partridge : Alpha Papa , was released in 2013 , and opened at number one at the British box office . Alan Partridge Alan Partridge box office box office
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11 Coogan grew in prominence within the film industry in 2002 , after starring in The Parole Officer and 24 Hour Party People . The Parole Officer The Parole Officer 24 Hour Party People 24 Hour Party People
12 He portrayed Phileas Fogg in the 2004 remake Around the World in 80 Days and co-starred in The Other Guys , Tropic Thunder , In the Loop , Hamlet 2 , Our Idiot Brother , Ruby Sparks and the Night at the Museum films , as well as collaborating with Rob Brydon in The Trip and A Cock and Bull Story . Phileas Fogg Phileas Fogg Around the World in 80 Days Around the World in 80 Days (2004 film) The Other Guys The Other Guys Tropic Thunder Tropic Thunder In the Loop In the Loop (film) Hamlet 2 Hamlet 2 Our Idiot Brother Our Idiot Brother Ruby Sparks Ruby Sparks Night at the Museum Night at the Museum (film series) Rob Brydon Rob Brydon The Trip The Trip (2010 film) A Cock and Bull Story A Cock and Bull Story
13 He was also a voice actor in the animated comedy films Despicable Me 2 and its prequel Minions , and played Hades in Percy Jackson & the Olympians : The Lightning Thief . comedy comedy film Despicable Me 2 Despicable Me 2 Minions Minions (film) Hades Hades
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16 Coogan has also branched out into more dramatic roles , with What Maisie Knew , and portrayed Paul Raymond in the biopic The Look of Love . What Maisie Knew What Maisie Knew (film) Paul Raymond Paul Raymond (publisher) biopic Biographical film The Look of Love The Look of Love (film)
17 He co-wrote , produced , and starred in the film adaptation Philomena , which earned him a Golden Globe and BAFTA nomination , and two Academy Award nominations -LRB- for Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Picture -RRB- . BAFTA BAFTA Philomena Philomena (film) Golden Globe Golden Globe Award Academy Award Academy Award Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay Best Picture Academy Award for Best Picture
18 He has been cast in the lead role for the ABC television pilot Doubt and the Showtime drama Happyish . ABC American Broadcasting Company Showtime Showtime (TV network)
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21 On 22 November 2011 , Coogan , along with Hugh Grant , gave evidence to the Leveson Inquiry on phone hacking , favouring regulation of the press . Hugh Grant Hugh Grant Leveson Inquiry Leveson Inquiry phone hacking phone hacking
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Steffi_Graf | Stefanie Maria `` Steffi '' Graf -LRB- -LSB- ˈʃtɛfiː ˈgʁa : f -RSB- ; born 14 June 1969 -RRB- is a German former tennis player , who was ranked world No. 1 during her career . Graf won 22 Grand Slam singles titles . Her 22 singles titles put her second on the list of Major wins by a tennis player -LRB- male or female -RRB- since the introduction of the Open Era in 1968 and is third all-time behind Margaret Court -LRB- 24 -RRB- and Serena Williams -LRB- 23 -RRB- . In 1988 , she became the first and only tennis player -LRB- male or female -RRB- to achieve the Golden Slam by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year . Furthermore , she is the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam event at least four times . Graf was ranked world No. 1 by the Women 's Tennis Association -LRB- WTA -RRB- for a record 377 total weeks -- the longest period for which any player , male or female , has held the number-one ranking since the WTA and the Association of Tennis Professionals began issuing rankings . She won 107 singles titles , which ranks her third on the WTA 's all-time list after Martina Navratilova -LRB- 167 titles -RRB- and Chris Evert -LRB- 157 titles -RRB- . She and Margaret Court are the only players , male or female , to win three grand slams in a calendar year five times -LRB- 1988 , 1989 , 1993 , 1995 and 1996 -RRB- . Notable features of Graf 's game were her versatility across all playing surfaces , footwork and her powerful forehand drive . Graf won six French Open singles titles -LRB- second to Evert -RRB- , seven Wimbledon singles titles , four Australian Open titles , and five U.S. Open singles titles . She is the only singles player -LRB- male or female -RRB- to have achieved a Grand Slam since hard court was introduced as a surface at the US Open in 1978 . Consequently , Graf 's Grand Slam was achieved on grass , clay , and hard court while the previous five Grand Slams were decided on only grass and clay . Graf reached thirteen consecutive Grand Slam singles finals , from the 1987 French Open through to the 1990 French Open , winning nine of them . She won 5 consecutive Majors -LRB- 1988 Australian Open to 1989 Australian Open -RRB- , and seven Majors out of eight , in two calendar years -LRB- 1988 Australian Open to 1989 US Open , except 1989 French Open -RRB- . She reached a total of 31 Grand Slam singles finals . Graf is regarded by some to be the greatest female tennis player of all time . Navratilova included Graf on her list of great players . In 1999 Billie Jean King said `` Steffi is definitely the greatest women 's tennis player of all time '' . In December 1999 , Graf was named the greatest female tennis player of the 20th century by a panel of experts assembled by the Associated Press . Tennis writer Steve Flink , in his book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century , named her as the best female player of the 20th century . In March 2012 , Tennis Channel picked Graf as the greatest female tennis player ever in their list of 100 greatest tennis players of all time . Graf retired in 1999 while she was ranked World No. 3 . She married former World No. 1 men 's tennis player Andre Agassi in October 2001 . The couple has two children -- Jaden Gil and Jaz Elle . Graf was inducted into the Tennis Hall of Fame in 2004 . | 0 Stefanie Maria `` Steffi '' Graf -LRB- -LSB- ˈʃtɛfiː ˈgʁa : f -RSB- ; born 14 June 1969 -RRB- is a German former tennis player , who was ranked world No. 1 during her career . tennis tennis world No. 1 List of WTA number 1 ranked players
1 Graf won 22 Grand Slam singles titles . Grand Slam Grand Slam (tennis)#Women's singles
2 Her 22 singles titles put her second on the list of Major wins by a tennis player -LRB- male or female -RRB- since the introduction of the Open Era in 1968 and is third all-time behind Margaret Court -LRB- 24 -RRB- and Serena Williams -LRB- 23 -RRB- . tennis tennis Open Era Open Era third all-time List of Grand Slam women's singles champions#Most Grand Slam tournament singles titles Margaret Court Margaret Court Serena Williams Serena Williams
3 In 1988 , she became the first and only tennis player -LRB- male or female -RRB- to achieve the Golden Slam by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year . 1988 Tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles tennis tennis Golden Slam Grand Slam (tennis)#Golden Slam Grand Slam Grand Slam (tennis)#Women's singles
4 Furthermore , she is the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam event at least four times . tennis tennis Grand Slam Grand Slam (tennis)#Women's singles
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7 Graf was ranked world No. 1 by the Women 's Tennis Association -LRB- WTA -RRB- for a record 377 total weeks -- the longest period for which any player , male or female , has held the number-one ranking since the WTA and the Association of Tennis Professionals began issuing rankings . world No. 1 List of WTA number 1 ranked players Association of Tennis Professionals Association of Tennis Professionals
8 She won 107 singles titles , which ranks her third on the WTA 's all-time list after Martina Navratilova -LRB- 167 titles -RRB- and Chris Evert -LRB- 157 titles -RRB- . Martina Navratilova Martina Navratilova Chris Evert Chris Evert
9 She and Margaret Court are the only players , male or female , to win three grand slams in a calendar year five times -LRB- 1988 , 1989 , 1993 , 1995 and 1996 -RRB- . 1988 Tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles 1989 1989 US Open – Women's Doubles 1993 1993 Hopman Cup 1995 1995 WTA Tour Championships – Singles 1996 1996 WTA Tour Championships – Singles Margaret Court Margaret Court
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12 Notable features of Graf 's game were her versatility across all playing surfaces , footwork and her powerful forehand drive .
13 Graf won six French Open singles titles -LRB- second to Evert -RRB- , seven Wimbledon singles titles , four Australian Open titles , and five U.S. Open singles titles .
14 She is the only singles player -LRB- male or female -RRB- to have achieved a Grand Slam since hard court was introduced as a surface at the US Open in 1978 . Grand Slam Grand Slam (tennis)#Women's singles
15 Consequently , Graf 's Grand Slam was achieved on grass , clay , and hard court while the previous five Grand Slams were decided on only grass and clay . Grand Slam Grand Slam (tennis)#Women's singles
16 Graf reached thirteen consecutive Grand Slam singles finals , from the 1987 French Open through to the 1990 French Open , winning nine of them . 1990 1990 Australian Open – Women's Singles 1987 1987 Fed Cup Grand Slam Grand Slam (tennis)#Women's singles 1987 French Open 1987 French Open – Women's Singles 1990 French Open 1990 French Open
17 She won 5 consecutive Majors -LRB- 1988 Australian Open to 1989 Australian Open -RRB- , and seven Majors out of eight , in two calendar years -LRB- 1988 Australian Open to 1989 US Open , except 1989 French Open -RRB- . 1988 Tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles 1989 1989 US Open – Women's Doubles 1988 Australian Open 1988 Australian Open - Women's Singles 1989 Australian Open 1989 Australian Open - Women's Singles 1989 US Open 1989 US Open - Women's Singles 1989 French Open 1989 French Open - Women's Singles
18 She reached a total of 31 Grand Slam singles finals . Grand Slam Grand Slam (tennis)#Women's singles
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21 Graf is regarded by some to be the greatest female tennis player of all time . tennis tennis
22 Navratilova included Graf on her list of great players .
23 In 1999 Billie Jean King said `` Steffi is definitely the greatest women 's tennis player of all time '' . 1999 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles tennis tennis Billie Jean King Billie Jean King
24 In December 1999 , Graf was named the greatest female tennis player of the 20th century by a panel of experts assembled by the Associated Press . 1999 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles tennis tennis Associated Press Associated Press
25 Tennis writer Steve Flink , in his book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century , named her as the best female player of the 20th century .
26 In March 2012 , Tennis Channel picked Graf as the greatest female tennis player ever in their list of 100 greatest tennis players of all time . tennis tennis
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29 Graf retired in 1999 while she was ranked World No. 3 . 1999 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles
30 She married former World No. 1 men 's tennis player Andre Agassi in October 2001 . tennis tennis Andre Agassi Andre Agassi
31 The couple has two children -- Jaden Gil and Jaz Elle .
32 Graf was inducted into the Tennis Hall of Fame in 2004 .
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Suicide_Kings | Suicide Kings is a 1997 American mystery crime film based on Don Stanford 's short story The Hostage and directed by Peter O'Fallon . It stars Christopher Walken , Denis Leary , Sean Patrick Flanery , Johnny Galecki , Jay Mohr , Jeremy Sisto and Henry Thomas . The film follows the group of criminals who kidnap a respected Mafia figure . It was panned by critics and was a box office bomb . | 0 Suicide Kings is a 1997 American mystery crime film based on Don Stanford 's short story The Hostage and directed by Peter O'Fallon . Peter O'Fallon Peter O'Fallon mystery Mystery film crime film Crime film
1 It stars Christopher Walken , Denis Leary , Sean Patrick Flanery , Johnny Galecki , Jay Mohr , Jeremy Sisto and Henry Thomas . Christopher Walken Christopher Walken Denis Leary Denis Leary Johnny Galecki Johnny Galecki Jay Mohr Jay Mohr Jeremy Sisto Jeremy Sisto Henry Thomas Henry Thomas Sean Patrick Flanery Sean Patrick Flanery
2 The film follows the group of criminals who kidnap a respected Mafia figure .
3 It was panned by critics and was a box office bomb . box office bomb box office bomb
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State_of_Play_-LRB-TV_series-RRB- | State of Play is a British television drama series , written by Paul Abbott and directed by David Yates , that was first broadcast on BBC One in 2003 . The series tells the story of a newspaper 's investigation into the death of a political researcher , and centres on the relationship between the leading journalist , Cal McCaffrey , and his old friend , Stephen Collins , who is a Member of Parliament and the murdered woman 's employer . The series is primarily set in London and was produced in-house by the BBC in association with the independent production company Endor Productions . The series stars David Morrissey , John Simm , Kelly Macdonald , Polly Walker , Bill Nighy , and James McAvoy in the main roles . The series was Abbott 's first attempt to write a political thriller , and he initially made the majority of the plot up as he went along . He was prompted to write the series after BBC Head of Drama Jane Tranter asked him whether he would consider writing a piece `` bigger '' than anything he had written so far in his career . The serial was Abbott 's third major writing project for the channel , following Clocking Off and Linda Green . The series was also a major turning point in David Yates ' directorial career , as he began to direct various high-profile television projects following his work on the series . The six-part series was broadcast on BBC One on Sunday evenings at 9:00 pm from May 18 to June 22 , 2003 . Episodes two to five were initially premiered on the digital television station BBC Four at 10:00 pm on the nights of the preceding episodes ' BBC One broadcast ; however episode six was held back for a premiere on BBC One , so as not to allow the final twists to be spoiled for those who did not have access to digital television . In 2004 , the series ran in the United States on the BBC 's BBC America cable channel . In 2005 , the series was released on DVD by BBC Worldwide , in a two-disc set . Episode one features an audio commentary from Abbott and Yates , and episode six a commentary from Yates , producer Hilary Bevan-Jones and editor Mark Day . The success of the series and it 's favourable impression on BBC executives led to Abbott being commissioned to write a sequel , before the first series had even been aired . In 2006 , however , a second series appeared to have been abandoned , with Abbott telling Mark Lawson on BBC Radio 4 's Front Row in November that he `` could n't find a way to make the story work '' . In 2007 , Abbott was quoted in The Sun as saying that he was currently writing scripts for a second , six-episode series of State of Play , with John Simm and Bill Nighy reprising their roles ; however no such series has since come to fruition . | 0 State of Play is a British television drama series , written by Paul Abbott and directed by David Yates , that was first broadcast on BBC One in 2003 . Paul Abbott Paul Abbott David Yates David Yates BBC One BBC One British television British television BBC BBC
1 The series tells the story of a newspaper 's investigation into the death of a political researcher , and centres on the relationship between the leading journalist , Cal McCaffrey , and his old friend , Stephen Collins , who is a Member of Parliament and the murdered woman 's employer .
2 The series is primarily set in London and was produced in-house by the BBC in association with the independent production company Endor Productions . London London BBC BBC
3 The series stars David Morrissey , John Simm , Kelly Macdonald , Polly Walker , Bill Nighy , and James McAvoy in the main roles . David Morrissey David Morrissey John Simm John Simm Kelly Macdonald Kelly Macdonald Polly Walker Polly Walker Bill Nighy Bill Nighy James McAvoy James McAvoy
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6 The series was Abbott 's first attempt to write a political thriller , and he initially made the majority of the plot up as he went along .
7 He was prompted to write the series after BBC Head of Drama Jane Tranter asked him whether he would consider writing a piece `` bigger '' than anything he had written so far in his career . BBC BBC Head of Drama BBC television drama Jane Tranter Jane Tranter
8 The serial was Abbott 's third major writing project for the channel , following Clocking Off and Linda Green . Clocking Off Clocking Off Linda Green Linda Green
9 The series was also a major turning point in David Yates ' directorial career , as he began to direct various high-profile television projects following his work on the series . David Yates David Yates
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12 The six-part series was broadcast on BBC One on Sunday evenings at 9:00 pm from May 18 to June 22 , 2003 . BBC One BBC One BBC BBC
13 Episodes two to five were initially premiered on the digital television station BBC Four at 10:00 pm on the nights of the preceding episodes ' BBC One broadcast ; however episode six was held back for a premiere on BBC One , so as not to allow the final twists to be spoiled for those who did not have access to digital television . BBC One BBC One BBC BBC digital television digital television BBC Four BBC Four
14 In 2004 , the series ran in the United States on the BBC 's BBC America cable channel . BBC BBC United States United States BBC America BBC America
15 In 2005 , the series was released on DVD by BBC Worldwide , in a two-disc set . BBC BBC BBC Worldwide BBC Worldwide
16 Episode one features an audio commentary from Abbott and Yates , and episode six a commentary from Yates , producer Hilary Bevan-Jones and editor Mark Day . Mark Day Mark Day (editor) audio commentary Audio commentary (DVD) Hilary Bevan-Jones Hilary Bevan-Jones
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19 The success of the series and it 's favourable impression on BBC executives led to Abbott being commissioned to write a sequel , before the first series had even been aired . BBC BBC
20 In 2006 , however , a second series appeared to have been abandoned , with Abbott telling Mark Lawson on BBC Radio 4 's Front Row in November that he `` could n't find a way to make the story work '' . BBC BBC Mark Lawson Mark Lawson BBC Radio 4 BBC Radio 4 Front Row Front Row (radio)
21 In 2007 , Abbott was quoted in The Sun as saying that he was currently writing scripts for a second , six-episode series of State of Play , with John Simm and Bill Nighy reprising their roles ; however no such series has since come to fruition . John Simm John Simm Bill Nighy Bill Nighy The Sun The Sun (United Kingdom)
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Steven_Zaillian | __ NOTOC __ Steven Ernest Bernard Zaillian -LRB- born January 30 , 1953 -RRB- is an Armenian-American screenwriter , director , film editor , producer , and founder of Film Rites , a film production company . He won an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for his screenplay Schindler 's List -LRB- 1993 -RRB- and he has been nominated for Awakenings , Gangs of New York and Moneyball . He was also presented with the Distinguished Screenwriter Award at the 2009 Austin Film Festival and the Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement from the Writers Guild of America in 2011 . | 0 __ NOTOC __
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3 Steven Ernest Bernard Zaillian -LRB- born January 30 , 1953 -RRB- is an Armenian-American screenwriter , director , film editor , producer , and founder of Film Rites , a film production company . film editor film editor
4 He won an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for his screenplay Schindler 's List -LRB- 1993 -RRB- and he has been nominated for Awakenings , Gangs of New York and Moneyball . Academy Award Academy Awards Golden Globe Award Golden Globe Award BAFTA Award BAFTA Award Awakenings Awakenings Gangs of New York Gangs of New York Moneyball Moneyball (film)
5 He was also presented with the Distinguished Screenwriter Award at the 2009 Austin Film Festival and the Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement from the Writers Guild of America in 2011 . Austin Film Festival Austin Film Festival Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement Writers Guild of America Writers Guild of America
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Steve_Irwin | Stephen Robert Irwin -LRB- 22 February 1962 -- 4 September 2006 -RRB- , nicknamed `` The Crocodile Hunter '' , was an Australian nature expert and television personality . Irwin achieved worldwide fame from the television series The Crocodile Hunter , an internationally broadcast wildlife documentary series which he co-hosted with his wife Terri . Together , the couple also owned and operated Australia Zoo , founded by Irwin 's parents in Beerwah , about 80 km north of the Queensland state capital city of Brisbane . Irwin died on 4 September 2006 after being pierced in the chest by a stingray barb while filming an underwater documentary film titled Ocean 's Deadliest . The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society ship was named in his honour . | 0 Stephen Robert Irwin -LRB- 22 February 1962 -- 4 September 2006 -RRB- , nicknamed `` The Crocodile Hunter '' , was an Australian nature expert and television personality . The Crocodile Hunter The Crocodile Hunter
1 Irwin achieved worldwide fame from the television series The Crocodile Hunter , an internationally broadcast wildlife documentary series which he co-hosted with his wife Terri . The Crocodile Hunter The Crocodile Hunter wildlife documentary nature documentary Terri Terri Irwin
2 Together , the couple also owned and operated Australia Zoo , founded by Irwin 's parents in Beerwah , about 80 km north of the Queensland state capital city of Brisbane . Queensland Queensland Australia Zoo Australia Zoo Beerwah Beerwah, Queensland Brisbane Brisbane, Australia
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5 Irwin died on 4 September 2006 after being pierced in the chest by a stingray barb while filming an underwater documentary film titled Ocean 's Deadliest . stingray stingray
6 The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society ship was named in his honour . Sea Shepherd Conservation Society Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
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Suriname | Suriname -LRB- -LSB- ˈsʊrᵻnæm -RSB- , -LSB- - nɑːm -RSB- or -LSB- - nəm -RSB- , also spelled Surinam -RRB- , officially known as the Republic of Suriname -LRB- Republiek Suriname -LSB- ˌreːpyˈblik ˌsyːriˈnaːmə -RSB- -RRB- , is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America . It is bordered by French Guiana to the east , Guyana to the west and Brazil to the south . At just under 165000 km2 , it is the smallest country in South America . Suriname has a population of approximately 566,000 , most of whom live on the country 's north coast , in and around the capital and largest city , Paramaribo . Long inhabited by numerous cultures of indigenous tribes , Suriname was explored and contested by European powers before coming under Dutch rule in the late 17th century . In 1954 , the country became one of the constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . On 25 November 1975 , the country of Suriname left the Kingdom of the Netherlands to become an independent state , nonetheless maintaining close economic , diplomatic , and cultural ties to its former colonizer . Its indigenous peoples have been increasingly active in claiming land rights and working to preserve their traditional lands and habitats . Suriname is considered to be a culturally Caribbean country , and is a member of the Caribbean Community -LRB- CARICOM -RRB- . While Dutch is the official language of government , business , media , and education , Sranan , an English-based creole language , is a widely used lingua franca . Suriname is the only territory outside Europe where Dutch is spoken by a majority of the population . The people of Suriname are among the most diverse in the world , spanning a multitude of ethnic , religious , and linguistic groups . | 0 Suriname -LRB- -LSB- ˈsʊrᵻnæm -RSB- , -LSB- - nɑːm -RSB- or -LSB- - nəm -RSB- , also spelled Surinam -RRB- , officially known as the Republic of Suriname -LRB- Republiek Suriname -LSB- ˌreːpyˈblik ˌsyːriˈnaːmə -RSB- -RRB- , is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America . sovereign state sovereign state Atlantic Atlantic South America South America
1 It is bordered by French Guiana to the east , Guyana to the west and Brazil to the south . It is bordered Borders of Suriname French Guiana French Guiana Guyana Guyana Brazil Brazil
2 At just under 165000 km2 , it is the smallest country in South America . South America South America
3 Suriname has a population of approximately 566,000 , most of whom live on the country 's north coast , in and around the capital and largest city , Paramaribo . Paramaribo Paramaribo
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6 Long inhabited by numerous cultures of indigenous tribes , Suriname was explored and contested by European powers before coming under Dutch rule in the late 17th century . Dutch Dutch language
7 In 1954 , the country became one of the constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . Kingdom of the Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands constituent countries constituent state
8 On 25 November 1975 , the country of Suriname left the Kingdom of the Netherlands to become an independent state , nonetheless maintaining close economic , diplomatic , and cultural ties to its former colonizer . Kingdom of the Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands left Right- and left-hand traffic country of Suriname Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands) independent independence
9 Its indigenous peoples have been increasingly active in claiming land rights and working to preserve their traditional lands and habitats .
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12 Suriname is considered to be a culturally Caribbean country , and is a member of the Caribbean Community -LRB- CARICOM -RRB- . Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean Community Caribbean Community
13 While Dutch is the official language of government , business , media , and education , Sranan , an English-based creole language , is a widely used lingua franca . Dutch Dutch language Sranan Sranan Tongo English English language creole language English creole lingua franca lingua franca
14 Suriname is the only territory outside Europe where Dutch is spoken by a majority of the population . Dutch Dutch language
15 The people of Suriname are among the most diverse in the world , spanning a multitude of ethnic , religious , and linguistic groups . people of Suriname people of Suriname
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