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{ "retrieved": [ "E-LOTOS E-LOTOS (Enhanced LOTOS) is a formal specification language designed between 1993 and 1999, and standardized by ISO in 2001. E-LOTOS was initially intended to be as a revision of the LOTOS language standardized by ISO 8807 in 1989. But the revision turned out to be profound, leading to a new specification language. The starting point for the revision of LOTOS was the PhD thesis of Ed Brinksma, who had been the Rapporteur at ISO of the LOTOS standard. In 1993, the initial goals of the definition of E-LOTOS have been stated in this announcement In 1997, when the language definition reached the maturity level of an ISO Committee Draft, the following announcement was posted, which describes the main features of E-LOTOS. The following document recalls the milestones of E-LOTOS definition project. E-LOTOS has inspired descendent languages, among which LOTOS NT and LNT E-LOTOS E-LOTOS (Enhanced LOTOS) is a formal specification language designed between 1993 and 1999, and standardized by ISO in 2001. E-LOTOS was initially intended to be as a revision of the LOTOS language standardized by ISO 8807 in 1989. But the revision turned out to be profound, leading to a new specification language. The starting point for" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "2017 Calder Cup playoffs The 2017 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 20, 2017, with the playoff format that was introduced in 2016. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-five series in the division semifinals, with the playoffs continuing with best-of-seven series for the division finals, conference finals, and Calder Cup finals. The Grand Rapids Griffins won their second Calder Cup championship by defeating the Syracuse Crunch 4-games-to-2 in the finals, in a repeat of the 2013 finals. After the 2016–17 AHL regular season, 16 teams qualified for the playoffs. The top four teams in each division ranked by points percentage (points earned divided by points available) qualify for the 2017 Calder Cup Playoffs. At the end of the regular season, the following teams qualified (with points percentage): These are the top ten skaters based on points. If there is a tie in points, goals take precedence over assists. \"GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/– = Plus-minus; PIM = Penalty minutes\" This is a combined table of the top five goaltenders based on goals against average and the top five goaltenders based on save percentage with at least 240 minutes played. The table is initially sorted by goals against average, with the criterion for inclusion in bold. \"GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; SA = Shots against; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; SV% = Save percentage; SO = Shutouts; TOI = Time on ice (in minutes)\" 2017 Calder Cup playoffs The 2017 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 20, 2017, with the playoff format that was introduced in 2016. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-five" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "DXCJ DXCJ (Barangay FM 102.3) is an FM station of Radio GMA Network Inc. a subsidiary of GMA Network Inc. in the Philippines. The station's studio is located at 3rd floor of PBC Building, Cagampang St., General Santos City. It is a 24-hour operating station except during Holy Week each year where it and the main format of the station is purely music hits and news for masses. In 1997, 102.3 Campus Radio in General Santos made its first broadcast all throughout Soccsksargen with the power of 15,000 watts on the FM Band. The first batch of DJ's made an implication to the listeners which has become popular to their slogan \"Always and Forever\". In 2001, the slogan was changed into \"Kuyawa Ui!\" (shocking), because of the series of bombings in Gensan last 2003 and the negative effects of the slogan to the station. The team decided to modified it into \"Wow! Nindutah Ah!\", which is also used in 103.5 Campus Radio Davao until today. From 2010 to 2012, its slogan was \"The Best!\", which was the slogan used by its flagship station back in the 80s. The slogan \"Ayos!\": a Filipino expression which is basically a positive response. made its way to popularity and familiarity because of its common use among Filipinos from 2012 to 2014. Recently in 2014, 102.3 Campus Radio in General Santos changed its branding to Barangay 102.3 General Santos together with the new programming of the station. a Hostage Taking in Dec,21.2014 a certain Gabby Batican entered the station to use the telephone to ask for help as someone allegedly threatened to kill him The radio station employees called the police after they grew suspicious of Batican is the cousin of one of the station's disc jockey (DJ Angel) Batican could have been under the influence of illegal drugs when he held the victims hostage The hostage drama lasted for more than an hour DXCJ DXCJ (Barangay FM 102.3) is an FM station of Radio GMA Network Inc. a subsidiary of GMA Network Inc. in the Philippines. The station's studio is located at 3rd floor of PBC Building, Cagampang St., General Santos City. It is a 24-hour operating station except during Holy Week each year where it and the main format of the station is purely music hits and news for masses. In 1997, 102.3 Campus Radio in General Santos made its first broadcast all" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Harald Kihle Harald Kihle (3 July 1905 – 2 August 1997) was a Norwegian painter and illustrator. He is particularly known for his pictures with motifs from Telemark. Kihle was born in Horten; the son of Anton Jørgensen and Mina Gunelia Halvorsdatter Leikås. In 1930 he married Ingrid Kirsten Olsen. From the 1950s the family settled in the artists' community at Ekely in Oslo. He died in Oslo in 1997, 92 years old. Kihle studied at the Statens håndverks- og kunstindustriskole from 1926 to 1929, and later with Henrik Sørensen, Axel Revold, Per Krohg and Marcel Gromaire. He is particularly known for his motifs from Telemark. He was fascinated by the nature and folk culture of Telemark, arts, crafts, songs and music, and the farmers' way of life. The horse became a key motif for Kihle, and in his pictures he stuck to the ancient Telemark before the introduction of tractors and electric power lines. He spent many summers in Hjartdal, Flatdal, Dyrlandsdalen, Svartdal, Arabygdi, and in his later years in the rural village Smørklepp in Vinje, below the mountain Ormeggene. In 1947 he built a summerhouse at the farm Negarden in Smørklepp, and spent many summers there with his wife. He worked together with fellow painter Henrik Sørensen, who also spent summers at Smørklepp. In 1961 he wrote an article about his thirty summers in Telemark until then, printed in the annual \"Årbok for Telemark\". The gallery \"Vinje Biletgalleri\" at Smørklepp contains a number of works by Kihle and Sørensen. In Telemark Kihle found inspiration from the nature of the valley Botnedalen and Mo, including the mountain farm Ripilen, and was a frequent guest at the Mo Vicarage. He was inspired by the legends of \"Storegut\" and \"Guro Heddelid\". He painted \"Storegutdrapet\" () in 1943-1944, and illustrated a 1951 edition of Vinje's cycle of poems \"Storegut\". The legend is based on an event that took place in 1791, the killing of the strongman \"Storegut\". Among Kihle's paintings are \"En jordferd\" () from 1936, \"Anne\" from 1939, \"Fra Telemark\" from 1953, \"Oktobersnø over Ormeggene\" from 1955 and \"Guro rid til ottesong\" () (1957–1960), all in the National Gallery of Norway. His painting \"Tømmerkjøring\" () from 1950 is located at the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Among his book illustrations are woodcuts for Vinje's \"Storegut\", Tarjei Vesaas' novel \"Det store spelet\" (), and Jørund Telnes' song collection \"Guro Heddelid\". He painted altarpieces for the Grunge Church in Vinje and the Bakkebø Chapel in Egersund. He took part in the restoration of an ancient altarpiece which had originally belonged to a demolished stave church in Mo, which he decorated jointly with Henrik Sørensen, and afterwards was installed in Mo Church. From the early 1930s Kihle typically used earthen colors and a primitive painting style. Later his paintings became brighter and the style more sophisticated. Harald Kihle Harald Kihle (3 July 1905 – 2 August 1997) was a Norwegian painter and illustrator. He is particularly known for his pictures with motifs from Telemark." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "PORTNOY PORTNOY (formerly known as The Portnoy Brothers) are a British-Israeli folk rock duo formed in 2012 by Manchester-born siblings Sruli (born 1990; vocals, guitar) and Mendy Portnoy (born 1992; keyboards). Their debut album, \"Learn to Love\", was released independently on September 23, 2016. Sruli and Mendy Portnoy were born in Manchester, England, later moving to Israel as adults. Their father was an orchestra conductor-turned-rabbi. They played music separately from a young age and began playing together at around 14 years old. They debuted as the Portnoy Brothers in 2012 with the single \"Kol Ha'olam\". They gave a series of concerts in Sderot and other Southern District communities during Operation Pillar of Defense and dedicated proceeds from a show at Mike's Place the following Chanukkah to children harmed by the attacks. In 2014, they appeared at the biannual Moshav Country Fair at Mevo Modi'im, alongside Hamakor, Yehuda Leuchter, and Ben Zion Solomon and Sons. They also played at a Chabad menorah lighting at Mamilla Mall in Jerusalem. The Portnoys began recording their debut album, \"Learn to Love\", in 2013 with bassist and engineer Alon Hillel. The album was co-funded by fans via an Indiegogo campaign, which raised £9,315 GBP. A music video for the album's titular lead single was released in 2014. The video attracted minor controversy due to its shot of an Arab couple, among others, signing the song's title, which was seen as insensitive in light of the then-recent Har Nof attack. In January 2016, they released a video for the album's closing track, \"Timebound\", as a tribute to David Bowie shortly after his death. In May 2016, they appeared at the Day to Praise Israel Independence Day event. The album was released on September 23, 2016. The Portnoy Brothers have cited The Beatles, Stevie Wonder, and Simon & Garfunkel as musical influences. PORTNOY PORTNOY (formerly known as The Portnoy Brothers) are a British-Israeli folk rock duo formed in 2012 by Manchester-born siblings Sruli (born 1990; vocals, guitar) and Mendy Portnoy (born 1992; keyboards). Their debut album, \"Learn to Love\", was released independently on September 23, 2016. Sruli and Mendy Portnoy were born in Manchester, England, later moving to Israel as adults. Their father was an orchestra conductor-turned-rabbi. They played music separately from a young age and began playing together at around 14 years old. They debuted as the Portnoy Brothers in 2012 with the single \"Kol Ha'olam\"." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Tim Calpin Timothy Calpin, Jr. (born 1979) is an American screenwriter best known for writing the 2009 film \"Assassination of a High School President\". Calpin was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and first became interested in writing while attending Scranton Preparatory School, from which he graduated in 1997. He went on to earn a bachelor's degree in film at Syracuse University. Calpin wrote his first script while at Syracuse. After leaving college, he relocated to New York City where he worked mainly as a production assistant on commercials and short films, he moved to Los Angeles, California in November 2003 after getting an agent. In Los Angeles, he met Kevin Jakubowski, who helped him get a job on the television comedy series \"South Park\" for two seasons, first as a production assistant and later as a personal assistant to executive producer Anne Garefino. Working on \"South Park\", Calpin says he and Jakubowski \"picked up plenty\" from watching Trey Parker and Matt Stone and the other staff writers at work, and the pair realized that they shared similar writing styles and \"comedic sensibilities\". The pair first wrote and collaborated on \"Your Ex-Girlfriend's Cat\", which was optioned by Rogue Pictures but has still not been greenlighted. In December 2005, while \"South Park\" was on hiatus, Calpin and Jakubowski began writing \"Assassination of a High School President\", a screenplay which evolved from high school-related stories they had been working on separately. When the completed script was given to film studios in April 2006, despite receiving a generally positive response, companies were reluctant to produce the film as it was not conventionally mainstream, until film producer Roy Lee brought the script to Yari Film Group, who signed on to produce, and Brett Simon soon after signed on to direct. In September 2007 Calpin wrote and directed the short film \"Gentleman Jack\", about two men trying to pick up the same girl in a bar, which was Agapic Films' first feature. Calpin is currently working with Jakubowski on a film for Lions Gate Entertainment about two professional pool players, and a script for MTV Films, possibly about the local music scene in a small town. Tim Calpin Timothy Calpin, Jr. (born 1979) is an American screenwriter best known for writing the 2009 film \"Assassination of a High School President\". Calpin was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and first became interested in writing while attending Scranton Preparatory School," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Jair Minors Jair Minors (born 31 May 1994) is a Bermudian footballer who plays for the Saint Louis Billikens and the Bermuda national football team. In 2012, Jair Minors began play for the Saint Louis Billikens of the Atlantic 10 Conference. Since his freshman year in 2012, Minors has appeared in 35 games and has scored four goals in those games as a forward. Jair is currently in his senior year for the Billikens. He has been a solid performer for the Billikens due to, \"elite speed\", according to coach Mike McGinty. In 2010 and 2011, Minors played soccer for the Bermuda Hogges of the Premier Developmental League where he played mainly as a forward and midfielder. Minors has capped multiple times for youth Bermuda national teams, U17 and U20, dating back to 2011. In 2016, Minors made is international debut for the Bermuda national football team where he started and played 60 minutes in a 3-0 friendly loss to St. Kitts and Nevis national football team. Jair Minors Jair Minors (born 31 May 1994) is a Bermudian footballer who plays for the Saint Louis Billikens and the Bermuda national football team. In 2012, Jair Minors began play for the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "2011 Dayton Dutch Lions season The 2011 Dayton Dutch Lions season was the club's second season of existence, and their first season in USL Pro, the third division of American soccer. The Dutch Lions' inaugural season was spent playing in the Premier Development League, the fourth-tier of the American soccer pyramid. During their campaign, the Lions finished in third place in the Great Lakes Division and in the Central Conference. In spite of their third-place finish, the Dutch Lions' 29 points and 8-3-5 record was not enough to qualify for the PDL Playoffs, falling short to Forest City London by six points. As of June 26, 2011 \"Last updated on 26 January 2011.\" 2011 Dayton Dutch Lions season The 2011 Dayton Dutch Lions season was the club's second season of existence, and their first season in USL Pro, the third division of American soccer. The Dutch Lions' inaugural season was spent playing in the Premier Development League, the fourth-tier of the American soccer pyramid. During their campaign, the Lions finished in third place in the Great Lakes Division and in the Central Conference. In spite of their third-place finish, the Dutch Lions' 29 points and 8-3-5 record was not enough" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Johannes Fabri (bishop of Osnabrück) Johannes Fabri, O.F.M. was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Osnabrück (1434–1451). Johannes Fabri was ordained a priest in the O.F.M. On 20 Nov 1434, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Eugene IV as Auxiliary Bishop of Osnabrück and Titular Bishop of \"Athyra\". On 30 Nov 1434, he was consecrated bishop. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of Osnabrück until his resignation in Mar 1451. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Piotr Nowak, Bishop of Wrocław (1447); and the principal co-consecrator of Jakub Sienieński, Bishop of Krakow (1461). Johannes Fabri (bishop of Osnabrück) Johannes Fabri, O.F.M. was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Osnabrück (1434–1451). Johannes Fabri was ordained a priest in the O.F.M. On 20 Nov 1434, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Eugene IV as Auxiliary Bishop of Osnabrück and Titular Bishop of \"Athyra\". On 30 Nov 1434, he was consecrated bishop. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of Osnabrück until his resignation in Mar 1451. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Piotr Nowak, Bishop of Wrocław (1447); and the principal co-consecrator of Jakub Sienieński, Bishop of Krakow (1461)." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Masakazu Kawabe A native of Toyama prefecture, Kawabe graduated from the 19th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1907 and the 27th class of the Army Staff College in 1915. From 1927 to 1929, he served as an instructor at the War College. He was then assigned as a military attaché to Switzerland from 1918 to 1921 and to Berlin, Germany from 1929 to 1932. Promoted to infantry colonel in 1932, he served in a number of staff assignments on his return to Japan, before being assigned command of the IJA 6th Infantry Regiment from 1932 to 1933. Kawabe went on to be Commandant of the Infantry School from 1933 to 1934, and was Chief of 1st Section within the Inspectorate General of Military Training from 1934 to 1936. He was promoted to major general in 1936. At the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War Kawabe was sent to China to take command of the Permanent China Brigade, had been involved in the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. As the war expanded he was made Deputy Chief of Staff of the North China Area Army from 26 August 1937 until 14 April 1938 when he became Chief of Staff Central China Expeditionary Army from 15 February 1938 to 31 January 1939. Kawabe was promoted to lieutenant general in March 1939. During his time in China, he was involved in the Battle of Xuzhou, Northern and Eastern Honan, Battle of Wuhan, Canton Operation, Battle of Nanchang, Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang, Battle of Changsha (1939), and the 1939-40 Winter Offensive. From 12 September 1939 to 14 October 1940 Kawabe was recalled to Japan, and held the powerful post of Inspector-General of Military Training. However, he returned to China as commander in chief of the IJA 12th Division in March 1940, serving under the Kwantung Army. Promoted to commander in chief of the IJA 3rd Army in March 1941, he subsequently was Chief of Staff of the China Expeditionary Army from 17 August 1942 to 18 March 1943. In March 1943, Kawabe was transferred to the southern front as Commander in Chief of the Burma Area Army. Arriving in Burma he was convinced to support Renya Mutaguchi, commander of the 15th Army and an old comrade-in-arms, in his plans for a pre-emptive attack against British forces at Imphal. The goal of this offensive was to disrupt the Allied build-up in that area, and perhaps, if all went well, make way for an invasion of Assam and British India. This plan was strongly opposed by most of Kawabe's commanders as well as Masazumi Inada, Vice-Chief of Staff of the Southern Expeditionary Army based in Singapore. Especially the difficult supply situation was thought to be a major obstacle. However, in October 1943, Inada was removed from his position due to a diplomatic incident with Thailand and in December the plan was approved by General Hisaichi Terauchi and Prime Minister Hideki Tōjō on the understanding the operation would be a purely defensive one. Mutaguchi's plan was a tremendous disaster for the Japanese army, resulting in the highest casualties of any operation in the entire war, and the loss of Burma. During the later stages of this offensive, Kawabe was bedridden with amoebic dysentery. Kawabe was relieved by General Heitarō Kimura on 30 August 1944 and returned to Japan. Kawabe served for a short time on the Supreme War Council. In the final stages of the war, experienced commanders were needed to organize the defenses of the Japanese home islands. Kawabe became Commander in Chief of the Central District Army on 1 December 1944, he also became Commander in Chief 15th Area Army from its formation on 1 February 1945 to 7 April 1945. Kawabe was promoted to full general in March 1945. On 8 April 1945 he took command of Air General Army, consisting of the remaining air units in Japan, Korea and Okinawa, for the final defense of Japan against the anticipated Allied invasion. After the surrender of Japan, Kawabe was retained by the SCAP occupation authorities to assist with the demobilization of the Japanese military, replacing Kenji Doihara after the latter was arrested and tried for war crimes. Kawabe retired at the end of 1945 and died 20 years later. Masakazu Kawabe A native of Toyama prefecture, Kawabe graduated from the 19th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1907 and the 27th class of the Army Staff College in 1915. From 1927 to 1929, he served as an instructor at the War College. He was then assigned as a military attaché to Switzerland from 1918 to 1921 and to Berlin, Germany from 1929 to 1932. Promoted to infantry colonel in 1932, he served in a number of staff assignments on his return to Japan, before being assigned command of the IJA 6th" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Brix & the Extricated Brix & the Extricated are a British post-punk band, formed in 2014 in Manchester, by ex-Fall members Brix Smith Start (vocals/guitar) and Steve Hanley (bass guitar). The band formed in 2014 in Manchester, following the launch event for Steve Hanley's autobiography \"\". Four of the five members were one-time members of The Fall: Songwriter, guitarist and vocalist Brix Smith, long-term Fall member Steve Hanley (bass guitar), his brother Paul Hanley (drums) and Steve Trafford (guitar and vocals). A fifth member, Irish guitarist Jason Brown completes the line-up. Though their live set initially consisted of Fall songs they had co-written, this quickly expanded to include the new material which featured on their debut album. They have performed four live sessions for fellow ex-Fall member Marc Riley's 6 Music show, played the Latitude and Rebellion festivals and completed several successful tours of the UK. They released their debut album \"Part 2\" in September 2017 on Blang records, which was described as \"One of the great indie-rock releases of the year\" by \"Drowned In Sound\". Their Autumn 2017 tour concluded with a gig at the Manchester Apollo supporting The Charlatans. Their second album, \"Breaking State\", was released on October 26th 2018 on the Grit Over Glamour label \"Something To Lose\"/\"Faced With Time\"/\"US 80s 90s (Live at Hebden Bridge)\" (2016, Blang) \"Damned for Eternity\"/\"Temporary Insanity\" (2017, Blang) \"Moonrise Kingdom\"/\"Moonrise Kingdom (Harmonic Convergence)\" (2017, Blang) Brix & the Extricated Brix & the Extricated are a British post-punk band, formed in 2014 in Manchester, by ex-Fall members Brix Smith Start (vocals/guitar) and Steve Hanley (bass guitar). The band formed in 2014 in Manchester, following the launch event for Steve Hanley's autobiography \"\". Four of the five members were one-time members of The Fall: Songwriter, guitarist and vocalist Brix Smith, long-term Fall member" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "The Village (2019 TV series) The Village is an upcoming American drama television series that is set to premiere on March 12, 2019, on NBC. \"The Village\" follows residents of an apartment building in Brooklyn where \"the people who reside in the building have built a bonded family of friends and neighbors. Sarah's a nurse and single mom raising a creative teen; Gabe's a young law student who got a much older and unexpected roommate; Ava must secure the future of her young, U.S.-born son when ICE comes knocking; Nick's a veteran who's returned from war; and the heart and soul of the building, Ron and Patricia, have captivating tales all their own. These are the hopeful, heartwarming and challenging stories of life that prove family is everything—even if it's the one you make with the people around you.\" On January 22, 2018, it was announced that NBC had given the production a pilot order. The pilot was written by Mike Daniels who was also set as an executive producer. Production companies involved with the pilot were set to include Universal Television. On May 7, 2018, it was announced that NBC had given the production a series order. It was also confirmed that Minkie Spiro would direct and executive produce the pilot. Jessica Rhoades is also set to serve as an executive producer and 6107 Productions will serve as an additional production company. A few days later, it was announced that the series would premiere as a mid-season replacement in the spring of 2019. On December 18, 2018, it was announced that the series would premiere on March 12, 2019 and air weekly on Tuesdays during the 10 PM time slot. In February 2018, it was announced that Moran Atias, Michaela McManus, Frankie Faison, Jerod Haynes, Grace Van Dien, Warren Christie, Daren Kagasoff, Lorraine Toussaint, and Dominic Chianese had been cast in lead roles in the pilot. On October 11, 2018, it was reported that Amy Carlson had been cast in a guest starring role. In December 2018, it was announced that Hailey Kilgore, Guy Lockard, and Katrina Lenk had joined the cast in a recurring capacity. The Village (2019 TV series) The Village is an upcoming American drama television series that is set to premiere on March 12, 2019, on NBC. \"The Village\" follows residents of an apartment building in Brooklyn where \"the people who reside in the building" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Mike Bennett (writer) Mike Bennett (born 1962, Cheltenham, England) is a British writer and record producer. His first involvement with the music industry came when he was asked to write and produce Toyah Wilcox's \"Dreamchild\" album's tracks \"Now and Then\" and \"Out of the Blue\", which was released on Cryptic Records, and featured collaborations with Tim Utah of the Utah Saints. Bennett has been writing since he was six years old, and he received his first commission for the BBC at 17 from producer Ted Beston. During this period he wrote for Playground (BBC Radio 1 & BBC Radio 2) and the Tony Blackburn Show (Radio 1). He also wrote and co-starred in the children’s series \"Bill Wonder\", alongside Keith Chegwin, Tony Blackburn and Maggie Philbin (Radio 2). He subsequently went on to co-write and produce Hazel O'Connor's album \"Ignite\" (Universal), as well as co-writing Hidden for Hazel O'Connor and Clannad's Moya Brennan. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s Bennett continued to produce an array of artists including Bad Manners, Sham 69, Hazel Dean, Jona Lewie, Judie Tzuke, Diane Charlemagne, Glen Matlock, Doctor and the Medics, Angie Brown, Bananarama and The Stranglers, for whom he remixed \"Golden Brown\", \"All of the Day and All of the Night\" and \"European Female\". Bennett also co-wrote and produced with Kim Fowley. These sessions culminated in the albums around this period included \"Let the Madness In\" (Receiver Records) and \"Trip of a Lifetime\" (Universal), the latter featured Roni Size, William Orbit and Teenage Fan Club. He went on to produce Kim Fowley and the BMX Bandits (band) Receiver Records' album \"Hidden Agenda At the Thirteenth Not\". Bennett also co-wrote and produced tracks with Fowley for the BMX Bandits’ album Theme Park (Creation Records). He went on to produce and co-write several albums for The Fall, which started with the Permanent/BMG album \"Cerebral Caustic\", which was followed up by the hit single \"The Chiselers/Chilinist\", for which he was a co-writer. Bennett went on to produce several more albums with The Fall including \"The Light User Syndrome\" (Jet Records). Bennett went on to produce several albums for Wishbone Ash, including \"Timeline\" (Universal), \"Live in Japan\" (Action Replay) as well as co-writing and producing \"Trance Visionary\" (BMG) and \"Psychic Terrorism\" (Universal). The next project was for Ian Brown for whom Bennett co-wrote \"Golden Gaze\" (Polydor). With keyboard legend Keith Emerson, Bennett produced and co-wrote the three album box set \"Reworks/Brain Salad Perjury\" (Universal) for Emerson, Lake & Palmer, which was premiered at the Royal Festival Hall, opening with their reworking of Aaron Copland's \"Fanfare for the Common Man\". Whilst working as an in house producer for Trojan Records, Bennett produced and remixed several artists including The Specials - for whom he remixed \"Too Much Too Young\", \"Gangsters\" and \"Concrete Jungle\", The Selecter, Dennis Brown, Gregory Isaacs, The Pioneers, The Melodians, Desmond Dekker, Dave and Ansel Collins and Lee \"Scratch\" Perry, for whom he collaborated with on with the dubplate of Bionic Rats which first featured on the Trojan Jungle series. Bennett also remixed several Bob Marley and the Wailers tracks including \"Soul Shakedown Party\" and \"Mr. Brown\" which were featured on the Bob Marley compilation \"Behind the Legend\". Other remixes during this period include \"Too Much Too Young\" (EP) by The Specials, \"A Train to Skaville\" by The Selecter, and \"Double Barrel\" by Dave and Ansel Collins. Bennett's obsession with beats, pulses and street rhythms was soon to take him into the ever experimental world of drum’n’bass. This resulted in a prolific period where Bennett and his newly formed team of DJs produced 27 consecutive albums. Including massive sellers such as \"Drum’n’Bass Mania\" (Demon), \"Drum’n’Bass Frenzy\" (Demon), \"The Jungle Collection\" (QED), \"Drum’n’Bass Invasion\" (Universal) and \"Junglist Jazz Collection\" (Intrinsic/Pinnacle). In of celebration of Poly Styrene, Bennett produced the memorial tribute album \"The Day World Turned Day-Glo\" including Jona Lewie's, \"You'll Always Find Me in the Kitchen at Parties\", and \"Seaside Shuffle\". As well as producing the portal for Pink Floyd and The Verve producer Youth (musician and producer), Bennett also produced Doctor and the Medics' \"Livewire EP\", which features their hit, \"Spirit in the Sky\". Bennett has recently been working on the track, \"When You're Down\" by (Lazy Stars) featuring Daryl Hannah. He has written a track \"Halo - Stemz\" featuring various members of The Fall, Elbow, Gorillaz, The Specials and Fun Boy Three. He also co-wrote \"Firefly\" by Freak Party which was with Johnny Marr, Andy Rourke and Craig Gannon of The Smiths along with original drummer Simon Wolstencroft - which was restored from a recording found by Wolstencroft in an old flight case after 34 years - which was released on Funky Si records via Universal and featured House legend Angie Brown on lead vocals. Bennett has recently co-written and produced the single \"Move On by Stella Grundy\" of Intastella and Jah Wobble for Northern Quarter records and is in the process of producing the Grundy /Wobble album \"The Rise and Fall of a Northern DubStar\". He has remixed Dillinger's \"5 Man Army\" which is available via Nova distribution. He went on to work for producer Mike Jackson as scriptwriter in residence at Children’s ITV. During this three-year period he wrote for many noted TV presenters and celebrities, including Ringo Starr, Matthew Kelly, Bernard Bresslaw, and Cheryl Baker. He also wrote and devised Children’s ITV \"Summer Mornings\", presented by Mark Granger and produced by Mike Jackson, and was a writer on Primary Science (BBC2), \"Fun Factory\" (ITV), \"Young London\" (LBC) and \"Learn English With The Muppets\". Bennett went on to work as a playwright at the Mermaid Theatre, under the direction of Lord Bernard Miles, where he wrote \"Safety In Numbers\" and \"It's All In The Stars\", the latter with astronomer Nigel Henbest. Both these children’s plays made national tours, as well as running in the west end at The Mermaid Theatre, The Bloomsbury Theatre and The Arts Theatre. He also wrote for the famous Unicorn Theatre Company. His other west end credits include the critically acclaimed musical \"All Cloned Up\", (Westminster Theatre), for which he also composed the music, and the glam rock musical \"Block Buster\" (Players Theatre). He has written and co-written many plays and farces which have been seen at theatres such as Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, Harlow Playhouse, Grand Metropole Hotel , Cheltenham Everyman, Derby Playhouse, and the Edinburgh Playhouse. He also wrote the acclaimed play about Mari Lloyd called \"The Good Old Daze\", presented at The Wimbledon Theatre. Artists appearing in his plays such as \"Seaside Romp\", \"Hands off My Crumpet\", \"Adventures of Alice\", and \"Happy Families\", included Bob Grant, Mollie Sugden, and Jack Douglas. Bennett has also written and scripted for many well known comedians and performers, such as Frankie Howerd, Jim Bowen, and Anita Harris for whom he wrote and directed four talking books for the Pinewood Studios company, One Media iP Group Plc. He wrote and directed six children's books and animation for Rik Mayall, as well as a six part radio show for Phil Cool called \"Stories In A Cool Place\". Mike Bennett (writer) Mike Bennett (born 1962, Cheltenham, England) is a British writer and record producer. His first involvement with the music industry came when he" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Judge Guillermo Eleazar Polytechnic College Judge Guillermo Eleazar Polytechnic College was the former name of the Southern Luzon Polytechnic College satellite campus in Tagkawayan, Quezon in the Philippines. The college started as the Tagkawayan School of Fisheries under the Commission on Fisheries by virtue of Republic Act No. 4290 passed by the legislature on June 19, 1965. After 12 years, the school name was changed to Judge Guillermo Eleazar Memorial School of Fisheries by Presidential Decree No. 1273 issued by then president Ferdinand E. Marcos on December 27, 1977. Eventually, with the passage of Republic Act No. 8728, the school was converted into a state college known as Judge Guillermo Eleazar Polytechnic College. On March 17, 2007 through Republic Act No. 9395, it became part of the Southern Luzon State University. Judge Guillermo Eleazar Polytechnic College Judge Guillermo Eleazar Polytechnic College was the former name of the Southern Luzon Polytechnic College satellite campus in Tagkawayan, Quezon in the Philippines. The college started as the Tagkawayan School of Fisheries under the Commission on Fisheries by virtue of Republic Act No. 4290 passed by the legislature on June 19, 1965. After 12 years, the school name was changed to Judge Guillermo Eleazar" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Alan Trefler Alan N. Trefler (born March 10, 1956) is an American businessman, philanthropist, and chess master best known as the chief executive officer (CEO) of Pegasystems, a multinational software company he founded in 1983. Prior to Pegasystems, in 1975 Trefler tied for first place in the World Open Chess Championship with grandmaster Pal Benko, afterwards working as a software engineer for Casher Associates and TMI Systems. Founding Pegasystems at the age of 27, he took the company public in 1996, with Trefler remaining clerk and president until 1999 and afterwards becoming CEO. With a 52 percent ownership stake in Pegasystems, his net worth surpassed $1 billion in 2013 and in March 2017 he appeared on the Forbes Billionaire’s List for the first time. In 2014 he authored the book \"Build for Change\", which addresses changing consumer markets. Involved in philanthropy, in 1997 he established the Trefler Foundation. Alan Trefler was born in 1956 in Boston, Massachusetts to Eric and Dorothy Trefler. Trefler was raised in Brookline, Massachusetts with his brother Leon. His mother, a daughter of immigrants from Eastern Europe, worked as a schoolteacher. His father, a Holocaust survivor who came to the United States from Poland after World War II, owned and operated Trefler's, a restorer of art and furniture. Working at his family's store while young and starting to play chess around the age of seven, Trefler would later become high school chess champion of Massachusetts and win various regional competitions. He graduated from Brookline High School in 1973. Trefler went on to Dartmouth College, where he studied economics and computer science and remained active in chess. At the age of 19, in 1975 he tied for first place in the World Open Chess Championship in New York with grandmaster Pal Benko. Also at Dartmouth, he was the winner of the John G. Kemeny prize in computing. He graduated with a B.S. in 1977. Although he attained the level of chess master and considered going professional, after Trefler graduated from Dartmouth he moved into software engineering instead. In the early 1980s he developed computer systems that could play chess, later applying the same business techniques to teaching computers how to process business rules. Between 1978 and 1980 Trefler was a senior project manager for Casher Associates Inc., a business process management company in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. He then worked at TMI Systems, where he led the development of their funds transfer product from 1980 to 1983. He founded Pegasystems in April 1983, taking on the roles of CEO and chairman at the age of 27. Expressing frustration with the \"primitive\" computer systems available for companies such as banks and insurance companies, he states that \"when I started Pega, it was with the vision that we could create a set of metaphors –an intermediate visual language that would enable business people to more directly instruct the machine... [and] get the computer to really understand how business people wanted things to work... And it turns out to be a fairly hard problem to solve.\" Basing the company in Cambridge, Massachusetts with Citibank as his first client, during the company's early years Trefler focused on providing case management for companies such as American Express. The company went public in 1996 on NASDAQ. Inventing a number of patents for use in Pegasystems' software architecture, in 1998 Trefler was granted a United States patent for Pegasystems' distinctive rules-based architecture, which provides the framework for Pegasystems' business process management (BPM) solutions. Trefler remained clerk of Pegasystems Inc. until June 1999, and president until October 1999. He remained CEO and chairman of the company's board of directors. In 2009 Trefler won the Stevie Award for Computer Software CEO of the Year at the American Business Awards. In March 2010, Pegasystems acquired Chordiant for around $161.5 million, which gave Pegasystems access to new markets such as telecommunications and healthcare. The Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council named him their Public Company CEO of the Year in 2011. With a 52 percent ownership stake in Pegasystems, his net worth surpassed $1 billion on November 25, 2013. His Pegasystems salary was $751,526 in 2014. That year, \"Business Insider\" ranked him the 8th lowest paid CEO in the tech industry. In 2014 he authored and published \"Build for Change\", a book focused on the management of customers and business processes. A \"Forbes\" contributor related that the book made \"a convincing argument\" that companies needed to prepare for changes in customer behavior, or face negative repercussions. Pegasystems had 3,000 employees, 30 offices, and \"more than half a billion dollars in revenue\" by early 2015. In 2015, courts ruled in Trefler's and Pegasystems' favor in a copyright infringement suit filed by YYZ, a company the press described as a patent troll. Trefler has been recognized by the Babson College Academy of Distinguished Entrepreneurs, and he speaks publicly on business and software topics at various events and conferences. Among other publications, he has appeared in \"Barron's\", the BBC, \"Forbes\", \"Fortune\", \"The New York Times\", the \"Wall Street Journal\", \"Reuters\", and \"Bloomberg Television.\" Trefler made the Forbes Billionaire’s List in March 2017. A master-level chess player who had been playing chess since his childhood, Trefler competed in the 1975 World Open Chess Championship in New York City. Still a college student at Dartmouth, he entered the tournament with a 2075 Elo rating, 125 points below the lowest master-rated player, ranking him 115th overall in the tournament. He went on to be crowned co-champion along with International Grandmaster Pal Benko, who was rated at 2504. Trefler also placed ahead of Grandmasters such as Walter Browne and Nicolas Rossolimo, as well as future Grandmaster Michael Rohde. Trefler competed in a charity chess tournament in 2010 alongside grandmasters such as Garry Kasparov and Boaz Weinstein. Trefler and his wife donated $1 million to Dorchester High School in Dorchester, Boston in 1995. They established The Trefler Foundation in 1997, which seeks to improve urban public education in the Boston area. The Treflers were early supporters of the nonprofit Year Up, and in 2015 they founded Union & Fifth, where proceeds raised from donated clothes benefit various charities. Trefler married his wife Pamela in 1992, who at the time was working as an investment banker. The couple reside in Brookline, Massachusetts. Alan Trefler Alan N. Trefler (born March 10, 1956) is an American businessman, philanthropist, and chess master best known as the chief executive officer (CEO) of Pegasystems, a multinational software company he founded in 1983. Prior to Pegasystems, in 1975 Trefler tied for first place in the World Open Chess Championship with grandmaster Pal Benko, afterwards working as" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "William Firmatus William Firmatus (; 1026–1103) was a Norman hermit and pilgrim of the eleventh century, now venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. William Firmatus was a canon and a physician of Tours, France. Following a spiritual prompting against greed, he gave away all his possessions to the poor. He lived a reclusive life with his mother until he entered a hermitage near Laval, Mayenne. He spent the rest of his life on pilgrimages and as a hermit at Savigny and Mantilly. According to legend, he saved the people of Choilley-Dardenay during drought by striking the ground with his pilgrim's staff, which caused a spring of water to bubble up. He died in 1103 of natural causes. William is especially noted for his love of wildlife and the unusual level of communication he seemed to have with animals. This was so much so that the local people used to ask his help with animals that raided their crops. One particular story to this effect involves a wild boar, which William is said to have led by the ear from a farmer's plot, instructing it to fast for the night in a solitary cell. The Little Bollandists go on to record, along with the boar miracle, that Upon William's death, three townships disputed possession of his remains. The winner was Mortain, which, to procure the relics, used the full force of \"its entire clergy and an innumerable crowd of its people\". Saint William is also venerated at Savigny and Mantilly. \"Catholic Encyclopedia\" mentions William in its article on Coutances, which accords him special honor as well, and mentions his patronage of the collegiate church of Mortain. He is a patron against headaches. In art, Saint William is often shown thrusting his arm into a fire. Also, he may be depicted with a raven, which is guiding him as a pilgrim to the Holy Land. William Firmatus William Firmatus (; 1026–1103) was a Norman hermit and pilgrim of the eleventh century, now venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. William Firmatus was a canon and a physician of Tours, France. Following a spiritual prompting against greed, he gave away all his possessions to the poor. He lived a reclusive life with his mother until he entered a hermitage near Laval, Mayenne. He spent the rest of his life on pilgrimages and as a hermit at Savigny and Mantilly. According" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Howard Carmichael Howard Carmichael is a New Zealand theoretical physicist specialising in quantum optics. Carmichael gained a BSc in physics and mathematics in 1971, and a first class honours MSc in physics in 1973 at the University of Auckland. He then went to the University of Waikato, obtaining his PhD in 1977, supervised by Dan Walls. After post-doctoral positions at the City University of New York, an at the University of Texas at Austin (1979--1981) he was appointed as an assistant professor and later associate professor at the University of Arkansas. In 1991 he was appointed full professor at the University of Oregon. He returned to New Zealand in 2001 to join the University of Auckland, becoming the inaugural \"Dan Walls Professor of Physics\". The Max Born Award of the Optical Society of America (2003) Howard Carmichael Howard Carmichael is a New Zealand theoretical physicist specialising in quantum optics. Carmichael gained a BSc in physics and mathematics in 1971, and a first class honours MSc in physics in 1973 at the University of Auckland. He then went to the University of Waikato, obtaining his PhD in 1977, supervised by Dan Walls. After post-doctoral positions at the City University of New" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo \"Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo\" is a short story by the British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. A part of the Mr. Mulliner series, the story was first published in the United States by Liberty Magazine on September 4, 1926 and in the United Kingdom in The Strand in November 1926, and collected in Meet Mr. Mulliner (1927). A BBC TV adaptation of the story first aired on 12 December 1978 in the series Wodehouse Playhouse starring John Alderton as Augustine Mulliner and Belinda Carroll as Jane Brandon. Augustine Mulliner, a meek and mild young curate, arrives in Lower-Briskett-in-the-Midden to assist the vicar, the Rev. Stanley Brandon and falls in love with the vicar's daughter, Jane Brandon. The young lovers wonder how to approach the fierce vicar about their love when a package arrives from Augustine Mulliner's aunt containing a tonic, Buck-U-Uppo (it works directly on the corpuscles). Mulliner takes a tablespoonful as recommended by his aunt and becomes more confident and assertive. The next morning, after another tablespoonful, he rescues a visiting bishop chased up a tree by a dog and firmly ends a quarrel between the bishop and the vicar, receives the vicar's blessings for his love for Jane, saves the bishop from being forced to wear thick winter woolies, and becomes the bishop's secretary. On returning to his rooms, he finds a letter from his cousin Wilfred Mulliner (A Slice of Life) explaining that the tonic, mistakenly sent to Augustine, is meant for steeling the nerves of elephants in India (\"too often elephants, on sighting the tiger, have turned and galloped home,\" he writes). Augustine promptly writes for three cases of Buck-U-Uppo! The creation of Wilfred Mulliner, one of Mr. Mulliner's brothers, Buck-U-Uppo is a tonic invented 'primarily with the object of providing Indian Rajahs with a specific which would encourage their elephants to face a tiger of the jungle with a jaunty sang-froid'. The dose for an adult elephant is a teaspoonful mixed with the elephant's morning mash and, since the various characters in the Mulliner stories take glassfuls, it is hardly surprising that statues get painted pink and Bishops frequent nightclubs dressed in Sinbad the Sailor costumes! Buck-U-Uppo features in three Mulliner stories: Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo, The Bishop's Move, and Gala Night. Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo \"Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo\" is a short story by the British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. A part of the Mr. Mulliner series, the story" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Priscilla Hill Priscilla Hill-Wampler (born October 4, 1961) is an American figure skating coach and former competitor. She is a two-time U.S. national medalist (silver in 1981, bronze in 1978) and finished within the top ten at two World Championships. She won gold at three international events – the 1974 Nebelhorn Trophy, the 1975 Prague Skate, and 1977 Richmond Trophy. In 1975, she became the first American woman to land the triple loop jump in competition. Priscilla Hill was born on October 4, 1961. She would marry Jon Wampler, a commercial airline pilot. In 2005, she was diagnosed with Graves' disease. After pausing her coaching career in 2012, she became a certified Sporting Group and Terrier Group groomer with the National Dog Grooming Association of America and also began competing in agility events with her dogs. Hill passed her eighth compulsory figures test and gold freestyle test at the age of nine, possibly the youngest person ever to do so. In 1972, at age 11, she was the youngest senior lady ever to compete at the United States Figure Skating Championships. Early in her career, Hill was coached by Howard Nicholson in Lake Placid, New York. Due to the distance from her hometown of Lexington, Massachusetts, during the school year she only got occasional lessons and otherwise had to practice on her own at a local rink. Hill won the bronze medal at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships in 1978 and the silver in 1981. In 1975 she landed a triple loop in competition, at the Prague Skate in Czechoslovakia. She finished 9th at the 1978 World Championships and 7th in 1981. She missed the 1980 Olympic season due to injury and was not able to challenge for a spot on the Olympic team. Hill performed with the Ice Capades in 1984 and 1985. She worked as a coach at the University of Delaware Figure Skating Club before moving to coach at The Pond Ice Arena in Newark, Delaware in 2003. In 2007, she moved again, this time to the Skating Club of Wilmington Ice Rink in Wilmington, Delaware. Hill's most decorated former student is Johnny Weir, whom she coached to the gold medal at the 2001 World Junior Championships and three U.S. national titles (2004, 2005, and 2006). She was named the 2004 U.S. Figure Skating Association Coach of the Year for her work with Weir. Other former students include Ashley Wagner, Melissa Gregory / Denis Petukhov, Jenna Syken, Katherine Hadford, Vanessa James, Blake Rosenthal, Christine Zukowski, Andrea Varraux / David Pelletier, Christopher Berneck, and Viktor Pfeifer. Hill-Wampler paused her coaching career in 2012. In 2018, she became the skating director at the Patriot Ice Center in Newark, Delaware. Priscilla Hill Priscilla Hill-Wampler (born October 4, 1961) is an American figure skating coach and former competitor. She is a two-time U.S. national medalist (silver in 1981, bronze in 1978) and finished within the top ten at two World Championships. She won gold at three international events – the 1974" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Carl Hollitzer Carl Leopold Hollitzer (born in Bad Deutsch-Altenburg, Lower Austria; died in Rekawinkel, Lower Austria, Austria) was an Austrian caricaturist, singer and cabaret artist. Hollitzer was born and raised in Deutsch-Altenburg. His family had a construction business. His father, Karl Hollitzer, was the local judge from 1876 until 1848 and from 1848 until 1884 he was elected mayor of Bad Deutsch-Altenburg. As owner of a stone pit he made a fortune with contracts from the time the Danube was regulated. The young Carl Leopold studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. From 1906 on, he starred as a singer in the first Viennese cabaret stages, the cabaret \"Nachtlicht\" and the Cabaret Fledermaus. His second wife Gertrude Barrison was also a singer and they appeared many times together on the stage of the Cabaret Fledermaus. He founded the artist association \"Jungbund\" and became its president. Later on he joined the Vienna Künstlerhaus. Hollitzer was also known for his fine caricatures. He caricatured some of the most famous people from his time like Gustav Klimt, Karl Kraus, Hermann Bahr, Egon Friedell and Peter Altenberg. Many originals of his caricatures are in the Albertina, Vienna. Many long forgotten and until this day unpublished scripts, notes and caricatures are in the hands of a collector from Vienna. The last exhibition took place in 2001 in the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere. One of Hollitzer passions was military tradition. He managed to create one of the biggest collections of weapons and uniforms in Europe. This collection was put up for an auction in the year 1934. Most of the uniforms and weapons were bought by the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna and are still exhibited until this day. In 1956, an alley in the Viennese district Favoriten was named after Carl Hollitzer. Carl Hollitzer Carl Leopold" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Stranger A stranger is a person who is unknown to another person or group. Because of this unknown status, a stranger may be perceived as a threat until their identity and character can be ascertained. Different classes of strangers have been identified for social science purposes, and the tendency for strangers and foreigners to overlap has been examined. The presence of a stranger can throw an established social order into question, \"because the stranger is neither friend nor enemy; and because he may be both\". The distrust of strangers has led to the concept of stranger danger (and the expression \"don't talk to strangers\"), wherein excessive emphasis is given to teaching children to fear strangers despite the most common sources of abduction or abuse being people known to the child. A stranger is commonly defined as someone who is unknown to another. Since individuals tend to have a comparatively small circle of family, friends, acquaintances, and other people known to them—a few hundred or a few thousand people out of the billions of people in the world—the vast majority of people are strangers to one another. It may also more figuratively refer to a person for whom a concept is unknown, such as describing a contentious subject as \"no stranger to controversy,\" or an unsanitary person as a \"stranger to hygiene\". A stranger is typically represented as an outsider, and a source of ambivalence, as they may be a friend, an enemy, or both. The word \"stranger\" derives from the Middle French word \"estrangier\", meaning a foreigner or alien. The boundaries of what people or groups are considered strangers varies according to circumstances and culture, and those in the fields of sociology and philosophy in a variety of broader contexts. According to sociologist and philosopher Zygmunt Bauman, every society produces its own strangers, and the natures of \"strangeness\" is \"eminently pliable [and] man-made\". Alternatively, Lisa Atwood Wilkinson has written that \"[b]y definition, whoever is a stranger to me is someone who is not a philos: a stranger is a person who is not related to me by blood or marriage, not a member of my tribe or ethne, and not a fellow citizen.\" Another asserts that \"[i]t has been argued by many a philosopher that we are all strangers on earth, alienated from others and ourselves even in our own country\". The state of being a stranger may be examined as a matter of degrees. For example, someone may be a partial stranger in cases where they are unable to communicate, or another is unable to understand aspects of an individual, their perspective or experiences. Alternatively, one may be a moral stranger to another who acts \"out of fundamentally divergent moral commitments\", even though the person may be a close friend or family member. A stranger with whom a person has previously had no contact of any kind may be referred to as a \"total stranger\" or \"perfect stranger\". Some people who are considered \"strangers\" due to the lack of a formally established relationship between themselves and others are nonetheless more familiar than a total stranger. A familiar stranger is an individual who is recognized by another from regularly sharing a common physical space such as a street or bus stop, but with whom one does not interact. First identified by Stanley Milgram in the 1972 paper \"The Familiar Stranger: An Aspect of Urban Anonymity\", it has become an increasingly popular topic in research about social networks and technologically-mediated communication. Consequential strangers are personal connections other than family and close friends. Also known as \"peripheral\" or \"weak\" ties, they lie in the broad social territory between strangers and intimates. The term was coined by Karen L. Fingerman and further developed by Melinda Blau, who collaborated with the psychologist to explore and popularize the concept. A stranger is not necessarily a foreigner, although a foreigner is highly likely to be a stranger: According to Chris Rumford, referencing the work of sociologist and philosopher Georg Simmel, \"people who are physically close by can be remote and those who are far away may in fact be close in many ways\". With the conglomeration of populations into large cities, people now have a historically high propensity to \"live among strangers\". Adopting a statist view, strangers may be seen as a chaotic challenge to the order imposed and sought by the nation-state, which is then faced with the challenge of assimilating the stranger, expelling them, or destroying them. Although this view may overlook important issues of what authority defines the stranger, and how that determination is made. Interactions with strangers can vary widely depending on the circumstances and the personalities of the people involved. Some people have no difficulty striking up conversations with strangers, while others experience strong discomfort at the prospect of interacting with strangers. At the opposite end of the spectrum, some people are excited by engaging in sex with strangers. Psychologist Dan P. McAdams writes: Infants will generally be receptive to strangers until after they achieve object permanence and begin forming attachments. Thereafter stranger anxiety typically emerges, and young children will normally exhibit signs of distress when presented with unfamiliar individuals, and will tend to prefer those with whom they are familiar rather than strangers. This reaction is generally referred to as stranger anxiety or stranger wariness. According to one review, the reaction to strangers may differ somewhat according to gender. While there were no gender differences observed at three months of age, girls appeared to exhibit stranger fear at an earlier average age than boys, at about eight to nines months old, although boys quickly caught up, and examinations of nine to 17 months old recorded no differences. Studies have shows that infants tend to show a preference for strangers if they are near their own age. However, this preference may reverse in situations which include fear-producing stimuli. The severity of stranger anxiety may be affected by individual temperament, capacity for self-regulation, and caregiver anxiety. Stranger anxiety may be mitigated through a number of techniques, including positive interaction between the stranger and companions, and arranging for familiar surroundings. For older children, instruction is often provided in schools and homes on so called \"stranger danger\". This often stems from public fears regarding stranger offenders, individuals who may approach children in public places with the intention of abduction or abuse, possibly due in part to their perception of children as vulnerable targets. Statistically, children who are abducted are much more likely to be taken by someone who is an acquaintance or family member. According to one estimate, \"classic stranger abductions\" accounted for only %0.014 of total missing children annually in the United States, or about 14 per 100,000. Furthermore, of all abductions by non-family members, the majority (59%) were of teenagers, rather than children. In similar statistics reported by the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC), only about 1% of abductions were from non-family members, while 91% of those abducted were classified as endangered runaways. This has led to calls to de-emphasize stranger danger, as Nancy McBride of NCMEC told \"NBC News\", \"let's take stranger-danger and put it in a museum. We need to teach our kids things are actually going to help them if they are in trouble.\" This was echoed by sociologist, and director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center, David Finkelhor, writing in \"The Washington Post\": We’d do much better to teach them the signs of people (strangers or not) who are behaving badly: touching them inappropriately, being overly personal, trying to get them alone, acting drunk, provoking others or recklessly wielding weapons. We need to", "Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC), only about 1% of abductions were from non-family members, while 91% of those abducted were classified as endangered runaways. This has led to calls to de-emphasize stranger danger, as Nancy McBride of NCMEC told \"NBC News\", \"let's take stranger-danger and put it in a museum. We need to teach our kids things are actually going to help them if they are in trouble.\" This was echoed by sociologist, and director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center, David Finkelhor, writing in \"The Washington Post\": We’d do much better to teach them the signs of people (strangers or not) who are behaving badly: touching them inappropriately, being overly personal, trying to get them alone, acting drunk, provoking others or recklessly wielding weapons. We need to help children practice refusal skills, disengagement skills and how to summon help. In their review of the sociological literature, Semin and Fiedler concluded that the perception of strangers tends to be based primarily on group membership, and their identity as a member of an out-group, because a stranger is, by definition, not known individually. This may magnify the perceived motives or intentions of the stranger, but may also vary greatly according to the circumstances and the environment. Among environmental factors, physical uncomfortably, such as presence in a room that is hot and crowded, have been shown to increase negative attitudes toward strangers. Laboratory evidence has indicated that individuals are likely to behave less modestly when meeting face-to-face with strangers, when no friends or acquaintances were present. As explained by Joinson and colleagues, \"they tend to present more of their ideal self-qualities to strangers than they do to friends.\" However, this appeared to be reversed when two strangers met one another online in the absence of friends, which elicited the most modest self-presentation, more so than online interactions with strangers conducted in the presence of friends. In willingness to disclose information, researchers have identified what has been dubbed the stranger-on-the-train phenomenon, wherein individuals are inclined to share a great deal of personal information with anonymous individuals. This may be influenced by the temporary nature of their relationship, and the knowledge that the stranger themselves have no access to an individuals wider social circle. As one author put it, the phenomenon is ironically best described by the words of travel writer Paul Theroux, saying: The conversation, like many others I had with people on trains derived an easy candour from the shared journey, the comfort of the dining care, and the certain knowledge that neither of us would see each other again. This may be helpful in eliciting self-disclosure in the context of therapy or counseling, and can encourage openness and honesty. However, research also suggests that this phenomenon is mediated by the expectation of future interaction with the stranger. The New Testament Greek translation of \"stranger\" is \"xenos\", which is the root word of the English xenophobia, meaning fear of strangers and foreigners alike. Strangers, and especially showing hospitality to strangers and strangers in need is a theme throughout the Old Testament, and is \"expanded upon — and even radicalized — in the New Testament. In the King James Version of the Old Testament, \"Exodus 23:9 states: \"Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt\". Some other translations use \"foreigner\" instead of \"stranger\". There is a concept in sociological literature of the \"professional stranger\", the person who intentionally maintains an intellectual distance from the community in order to observe and understand it. Stranger A stranger is a person who is unknown to another person or group. Because of this unknown status, a stranger may be perceived as a threat until their identity and character can be ascertained. Different classes of strangers have been identified for social science purposes, and the tendency for strangers and foreigners to overlap has been examined. The presence of a stranger can" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "2014 Africa Cup The 2014 Africa Cup was the fourteenth edition of the Africa Cup, an annual international rugby union tournament for African nations organised by the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR). The tournament, as well as the 2012 and 2013 editions of it, served as the qualifiers for the 2015 Rugby World Cup. Changes from the 2013 Africa Cup: Division 1A was held between 26 June and 6 July 2014, at the Mahamasina Municipal Stadium in Antananarivo, Madagascar. The winner qualified for the 2015 Rugby World Cup as Africa 1, and the runner up qualified for the repechage. The competing teams were: \"Numbers in parentheses are pre-tournament IRB rankings\" Match Schedule Division 1B was held between 9 and 14 June 2014, in Tunis, Tunisia. The competing teams were: Semi-finals 3rd Place Playoff Final Division 1C was held between 14 and 21 June 2014, in Gaborone, Botswana. The competing teams were: Match Schedule Like in 2013, Division 2 is divided into North and South Groups. The North tournament was conducted under 7-a-side laws (similar to the 2012 tournament), while the South tournament was conducted under 15-a-side laws. The North Group tournament was held in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso on 17 and 18 May 2014. The competing teams were: Match Schedule The South Group tournament was held in Kigali, Rwanda in between 3–7 June 2014. The competing teams were: Only 11 Democratic Republic of the Congo players arrived for their match against Burundi. A match was played, with DRC winning 20-7. However, Burundi were awarded the match on forfeit, due to DRC only having 11 eligible players available. 2014 Africa Cup The 2014 Africa Cup was the fourteenth edition of the Africa Cup, an annual international rugby union tournament for African nations organised by the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR). The tournament," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Wickett's Remedy Wickett's Remedy is a 2005 historical novel by Myla Goldberg, about the 1918 influenza epidemic. It was published by Doubleday. The novel makes heavy use of annotations, marginalia, and false documents to support its premise; Goldberg has stated that Vladimir Nabokov's \"Pale Fire\" was a major influence on her in this respect. In 1918 Boston, Lydia Kilkenny is a sales clerk who marries medical student Henry Wickett. When Henry, and most of her relatives, die of the \"Spanish flu\", Lydia becomes a nurse, and works to help find a cure by assisting in medical experiments on convicted Navy deserters. She also continues to sell Henry's patent medicine (the Remedy of the title) until Henry's business partner repackages it as a soft drink. In \"the New York Times\", Andrea Barrett described it as \"ambitious\", \"thoroughly researched\", and \"admirable\", with \"a set of nightmarish, wonderfully well-written chapters that would have made a strong short novel all on their own\", but felt that it was a \"somewhat uneasy mixture\" of emotional fiction and historical fact; as well, Barrett considered that the novel's sheer scope and \"kaleidoscopic narrative\" worked to its detriment. The \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\" felt it was \"too ambitious\", but a \"heartening example of ... risk-taking\" on Goldberg's part, emphasizing that the novel was nonetheless \"very readable\", and that Goldberg had included \"powerful imagery, succinct prose and unabashed sensitivity\". The \"Seattle Times\" considered the book \"well-researched\" but \"somewhat elusive and not entirely satisfying\", comparing it unfavorably to Goldberg's earlier work \"Bee Season\". \"Salon\" described it as \"historically credible,\" and stated that \"the real reason to read\" the novel is \"the chance to spend a few hours\" with Lydia. Wickett's Remedy Wickett's Remedy is a 2005 historical novel by Myla Goldberg, about the 1918 influenza epidemic. It was published by Doubleday. The" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "S. Selvanayagam Professor Somasundaram Selvanayagam (28 May 1932 – 23 May 1979) was a Ceylon Tamil geographer, academic and head of the Department of Geography at the University of Jaffna. Selvanayagam was born on 28 May 1932. He was educated at Jaffna Hindu College and Zahira College, Colombo. He joined the University of Ceylon, Peradeniya in 1953, graduating in 1957 with BA honours degree in geography. After graduating Selvanayagam worked for a while at the Official Languages Department. He then joined the University of Ceylon, Peradeniya as an assistant lecturer in 1951. He joined the London School of Economics (LSE) in October 1961 for postgraduate studies, graduating with a MA degree. He returned to the LSE in 1970 to continue his research, receiving a Phd in August 1971. Selvanayagam joined the Ahmadu Bello University's Department of Geography in 1974 as a senior lecturer. He left Ahmadu Bello in August 1977 after being appointed head of the Department of Geography at the University of Sri Lanka (Jaffna campus). Selvanayagam was a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. He died on 23 May 1979. S. Selvanayagam Professor Somasundaram Selvanayagam (28 May 1932 – 23 May 1979) was a Ceylon Tamil geographer, academic" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) is a Bahrain based not-for-profit organization that was established to maintain and promote Shariah standards for Islamic financial institutions, participants and the overall industry.The Commission also organizes a number of professional development programs (especially the Islamic legal accountant program and the observer program and forensic auditor) in their effort to upgrade the human resources working in the industry and the development of governance structures controls the institutions. AAOIFI was established in accordance with the Agreement of Association which was signed by Islamic financial institutions on 26 February 1990 in Algiers. Then, it was registered on 27 March 1991 in Bahrain. It has members from more than 45 countries, including central banks and Islamic financial institutions and other parties working in the financial industry and banking, Islamic International. The Commission has obtained support for the application of the standards issued by it, where these standards are dependent today in the Kingdom of Bahrain and the Dubai International Financial Centre, Jordan, Lebanon, Qatar, Sudan and Syria . The competent authorities in Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and South Africa issued guidelines derived from the standards and publications. The organizational structure of AAOIFI includes a general assembly. AAOIFI also has a board of trustees and an accounting and auditing standards board each consisting of fifteen part-time members, a Shari‘ah committee consisting of four part-time members, an executive committee, and a secretary-general who is a full-time executive and heads the general secretariat. The objectives of AAOIFI are: AAOIFI carries out these objectives in accordance with the precepts of Islamic Shari’a which represents a comprehensive system for all aspects of life, in conformity with the environment in which Islamic financial institutions have developed. This activity is intended both to enhance the confidence of users of the financial statements of Islamic financial institutions in the information that is produced about these institutions, and to encourage these users to invest or deposit their funds in Islamic financial institutions and to use their services. Accounting, religion and organisational culture: the creation of Jordan Islamic Bank Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) is a Bahrain based not-for-profit organization that was established to maintain and promote Shariah standards for Islamic financial institutions, participants and the overall industry.The Commission also organizes a" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Oliver Mowat Biggar Oliver Mowat Biggar, (October 11, 1876 – September 4, 1948) was a Canadian lawyer and civil servant. He was the second Judge Advocate General for the Canadian Forces and the first Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. He also served as the first Canadian co-chair of the Canada-United States Permanent Joint Board on Defense. Biggar was well known as a leading Canadian lawyer with expertise in public law and patent law. Biggar was born in Toronto, Ontario. He was the eldest son of lawyer Charles Robert Webster Biggar and Jane Helen Mowat (daughter of Sir Oliver Mowat, a former Premier of Ontario). Biggar was educated at Upper Canada College, graduating in 1894. He attended University College at the University of Toronto and graduated with a B.A. in 1898. In 1901 Biggar graduated from Osgoode Hall Law School and began practicing as a lawyer with Biggar & Burton. By 1903, he moved to Edmonton, Alberta, and was called to the bar there. On April 30, 1908 he married Muriel Elizabeth Whitney (daughter of J.G. Whitney). Together they had one daughter, Sally Vernon Biggar. While in Edmonton, Biggar made a reputation for himself as a capable lawyer. He practiced with Short, Cross and Biggar from 1903 to 1915, and was made King's Counsel in 1913. He was appointed in 1911 to the Board of Governors of the University of Alberta, on which he served until 1914. He also served on the Board of Edmonton Hospital during this period. From 1915-1920, he was counsel for Woods, Sherry, Collison & Field in Edmonton. When World War I broke out, Biggar enlisted with the 101st Regiment, \"Edmonton Fusiliers\". From 1916 to 1917, he served as the Assistant Judge Advocate General for Military District 13 in Calgary, following which he served on the Military Service Council. He soon rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and was appointed Judge Advocate General of Canada in 1918. The following year, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel. At the conclusion of World War I, Sir Robert Borden, then Canada's Prime Minister, invited Biggar to attend the peace conferences in Paris and Versailles as chief legal adviser and member of the Canadian delegation. Biggar was also asked to serve as British Secretary of the War Guilt Commission and Assistant Secretary of the British delegation. Upon his return to Canada, Biggar continued to serve in various senior civil service roles. He was named vice chairman of the Air Board serving under Arthur Sifton, where he organized Canada's Air Department to govern the fledgling aeronautics industry. This was subsequently divided into its civilian (Canadian Air Transport Board) and military (Royal Canadian Air Force) components. Biggar served on the Air Board from 1919 to 1922. Biggar was also retained as counsel to the Department of Justice to represent the Canadian government on a number of cases, including a case before the Supreme Court of Canada regarding the jurisdiction of the Board of Commerce under the \"War Measures Act\". In 1920, the House of Commons of Canada unanimously voted for Biggar as Canada's first Chief Electoral Officer following the enactment of the \"Dominion Elections Act\". During his tenure, he increased the accuracy and completeness of the voter rolls, in particular by adding women, who had been allowed to vote in federal elections for the first time in 1921 but had often been prevented from voting by inaccurate voter rolls. Biggar also recommended to Parliament that advance polling be made more widely available, a suggestion that Parliament took up. Biggar was a staunch supporter of the League of Nations and advocated for Canada's role in it. As a former advisor to Prime Minister Borden and a delegate to the 1919 Paris peace conference where the League was founded, Biggar often consulted government officials and politicians on matters of international law. He served as chairman of the Canadian Bar Association committee on international law and was also the chairman of the Canadian League of Nations Society executive committee. In 1924, Biggar was asked by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King to advise the Department of External Affairs on Canada's role in the League of Nations. This role was later taken over by Oscar D. Skelton. From 1925 to 1926, Biggar was also involved as a negotiator in the drafting of the \"Natural Resources Acts\", which transferred control over crown lands and natural resources from the federal government to the provincial governments. He was appointed by the Department of the Interior to represent the federal government's position in negotiations with Alberta. Biggar played a role in limiting provincial jurisdiction over aboriginal communities, arguing in favour of protection of aboriginal rights including hunting and fishing rights on crown lands within provincial territory. In 1927, Biggar was invited by Russel S. Smart, the Ottawa managing partner of the intellectual property law firm then known as Fetherstonhaugh & Smart, to join his growing litigation practice as a partner. Biggar accepted the offer and resigned from his post as Chief Electoral Officer. Together, the two men formed the firm Smart & Biggar. The same year, he published a treatise comparing Canadian, British, and American patent law. During his time in private practice, Biggar appeared on behalf of a large variety of companies in numerous intellectual property cases. He also continued practice in public and constitutional law, including acting as counsel for the Province of Alberta in \"Reference Re Alberta Statutes\", a landmark Supreme Court of Canada decision on the jurisdiction of Alberta to enact the \"Social Credit Act\" and the \"Bank Taxation Act\". Biggar was also retained as counsel in 1938 and 1939 on behalf of the Senate Committee on Railways, which was tasked with the problem of the financial burden the railway system was placing on the government. The outbreak of World War II and Canada's participation led Biggar to return to civil service. In 1940, then Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King selected Biggar to be one of his senior advisors and appointed him to the newly created Canada-U.S. Permanent Joint Board on Defense. This Board was co-chaired by Biggar as representative of Canada and Fiorello La Guardia, the former mayor of New York as the U.S. representative. In 1942, Biggar was appointed Director of Censorship working under Minister of War Services Joseph Thorarinn Thorson. He was tasked with creating a single agency for the purpose of effective wartime censorship out of what was then five separate operations. These operations became one branch of the National War Services Department that was staffed successfully by volunteers. Biggar was also invited to be a member of the Wartime Information Board. Biggar suffered a heart failure in the spring of 1944 and was forced to reduce his responsibilities. With his health deteriorating, Biggar relinquished his duties to General Andrew McNaughton in 1945. Biggar died in Ottawa in 1948, at the age of 71. Oliver Mowat Biggar Oliver Mowat Biggar, (October 11, 1876 – September 4, 1948) was a Canadian lawyer and civil servant. He was the second Judge Advocate General for the Canadian Forces and the first Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. He also served as the first Canadian co-chair of the Canada-United States Permanent Joint Board on Defense. Biggar" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "IBM NetVista NetVista is an umbrella name for a variety of products manufactured by IBM. The Software Suite was introduced in April 1996 as a client–server software suite, with the server software running on OS/2, and the client software on Windows 3.1 and Windows 95. Meant to provide Internet access to K-12 users, it included such things as a web browser, nanny software and other internet utilities, including a TCP/IP stack. Starting with version 1.1, the server side was also supported on Windows NT. The software suite was withdrawn without replacement in January 2000. Products: In April 2000 the IBM Network Station product line was renamed to IBM NetVista, as were the associated software tools. The NetVista computers were thin client systems. The line was withdrawn in April 2002 with no replacement. Hardware products: Software products: Hardware products: This appliance is meant to allow internet access on a TV. It was not sold directly to end-users, but offered as an OEM product to internet providers. Hardware products: The IBM NetVista personal computer was the follow-on to the IBM PC Series. It was announced in May 2000, and withdrawn in May 2004. It was replaced by the IBM ThinkCentre (now Lenovo ThinkCentre since 2005). Initially offered in the typical white/beige cases of the 1990s the NetVista was sold in black later on. Products: IBM NetVista NetVista is an umbrella name for a variety of products manufactured by IBM. The Software Suite was introduced in April 1996 as a client–server software suite, with the server software running on OS/2, and the client software on Windows 3.1 and Windows 95. Meant to provide Internet access to K-12 users, it included such things as a web browser, nanny software and other internet utilities, including a TCP/IP stack. Starting with version 1.1, the server side" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Kreuzkirche, Munich The Church of All Saints () also known as Holy Cross Church (), is a cemetery church in Munich, southern Germany. The church was built in 1478 by Jörg von Halsbach and was the first church with a cemetery in the St. Peter parish. It was once located at the crossing of four roads, whence the original suffix \"am Kreuz\" (\"at the Cross\"). It has unadorned brickwork walls, Gothicvaults and a tall bell tower. The interior was rebuilt from 1620 in Baroque style, the only remaining Gothic elements being the nave's vault, fragments of a fresco and a Crucifix by Hans Leinberger. The tomb of banker Gietz and the \"Apparition of the Virgin to St. Augustine\" (by Hans Rottenhammer) are in Mannerist style. <BR> Kreuzkirche, Munich The Church of All Saints () also known as Holy Cross Church (), is a cemetery church in Munich, southern Germany. The church was built in 1478 by Jörg von Halsbach and was the first church with a cemetery in the St. Peter parish. It was once located at the crossing of four roads, whence the original suffix \"am Kreuz\" (\"at the Cross\"). It has unadorned brickwork walls, Gothicvaults and a tall" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Newtok, Alaska Newtok (\"Niugtaq \" in Central Alaskan Yup'ik) is a small village on the Ningliq River in the Bethel Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 354, up from 321 in 2000. Erosion is forcing the primarily Yupik Alaska Native village to consider relocation. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (7.21%) is water. Newtok first appeared on the 1950 U.S. Census as \"Keyaluvik\", an unincorporated native village. This was also the name of the earlier settlement just to the west, which became known as \"Old Keyaluvik.\" In 1960, the name was changed to Newtok. Newtok formally incorporated in 1976, but disincorporated in 1997. It was then made a census-designated place (CDP) effective with the 2000 census. As of the census of 2000, there were 321 people, 63 households, and 51 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 313.1 people per square mile (120.3/km²). There were 67 housing units at an average density of 65.4/sq mi (25.1/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 3.12% White, 95.33% Native American, and 1.56% from two or more races. There were 63 households out of which 68.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.5% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.0% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 5.10 and the average family size was 5.96. In the CDP, the population was spread out with 45.2% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 14.3% from 45 to 64, and 3.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.0 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $32,188, and the median income for a family was $32,188. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $15,625 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,514. About 29.8% of families and 31.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.9% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. In 2007, \"The New York Times\" reported that erosion made Newtok an island between the widening Ningliq River and a slough to the north because Alaskan permafrost is melting due to climate change. Coastal storms and thawing permafrost have worn away the land upon which Newtok was built. According to \"The New York Times\" article, because the village is below sea-level and sinking, the town could be washed away within a decade. Erosion of the tundra by the river has destroyed much of the area of the village, including the barge dock. The United States Army Corps of Engineers' March 2009 report estimates the highest point in the town, the high school, will be under water by the year 2017. The town was featured in the 2009 History Channel's TV show, \"Tougher in Alaska,\" in the episode called \"Dangerous Earth.\" In 2015, Newtok was one of the two towns featured in the Al Jazeera English \"Fault Lines\" documentary, \"When the Water Took the Land.\" Lower Kuskokwim School District operates the Ayaprun School, K-12. the school has 128 students, 12 teachers, and 27 other employees. Land has been acquired for a new townsite called Mertarvik on nearby Nelson Island about away, and $1 million in government funding has been obtained to build a dock for delivering building supplies. As of 2016, although the town’s roughly 400 residents voted in 2003 to relocate to higher ground nine miles away, progress has been slow. On December 24, 2016, the village made a disaster declaration request to the Federal Emergency Management Agency for disaster assistance due to \"flooding, persistent erosion, and permafrost degradation starting in January 1, 2006 and continuing.\" The request would \"include relocation of the Yupik Tribe (population of ~350 people).\" Newtok, Alaska" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Assassins (LaHaye novel) Assassins: Assignment:Jerusalem, Target:Antichrist is the sixth book in the Left Behind series. It was written by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins in 1999. It was released in August 1999 and was on The New York Times Best Seller List for 39 weeks. It takes place 38–42 months into the Tribulation. The book begins with protagonist Rayford Steele contemplating killing Global Community Supreme Potentate and Antichrist Nicolae Carpathia. The prologue is the last three pages of the great Apollyon. Rayford, filled with rage over so many losses, contemplates killing Nicolae Carpathia. He is so obsessed with the idea that he becomes stern and short tempered at times. At the New Babylon palace, David is placed in charge of delivering 144 computers to Nicolae, but diverts the delivery by telling the pilots delivering the place and does the paperwork for another location. Floyd Charles reveals that he was infected from delivering Hattie's stillborn child and goes to the hospital where Leah Rose works. While on the run from GC forces, Floyd Charles succumbs to the poison and dies. The International CO-OP is up and running, which will allow believers to trade when it becomes illegal to buy and sell without the Mark of the Beast. Rayford is still wondering if he might be the one to kill Nicolae. Hattie (who also wants to kill Nicolae) runs off after an incident with Floyd. Rayford and the newest member of the Trib Force, Leah Rose, a nurse from Arthur Young Memorial Hospital in Palatine, are trying to retrieve a large quantity of cash from Leah's safe when the Sixth Trumpet Judgment hits as prophesied in Revelation 9:13-19, where a plague of death by fire, smoke, sulphur and deadly snake strikes carried out by 200 million demonic horsemen, visible only to the Tribulation saints, attack nonbelievers. Ray and Leah run into GC Peacekeeping forces and the horsemen, heading back to the safe house with the cash as the Peacekeepers are killed. David Hassid meanwhile successfully gets the computers incorrectly delivered. He also introduces the Condor cargo chief and his love interest, Annie Christopher, to Mac. On a diplomatic trip to Sudan, the sub-potentate of the region sends assassins to blow up the Condor and kill those aboard, believing Carpathia is on too. Mac and Abdullah Smith, his new copilot and a believer, save Leon Fortunato. The assassins are killed by the demonic horsemen. The Condor is replaced by the \"Phoenix 216\", the former plane of Pontifex Maximus Peter Mathews, head of Enigma Babylon One World Faith. The GC plans a gala for the midpoint of the Tribulation and their covenant with Israel in Jerusalem. Rayford uses cruel methods to get Bo Hanson to tell him where Hattie went. With the help of friends Mac made in Africa, he jets off to France to rescue her, only to be almost killed in a gunfight. In reality, the pilot had been murdered and Hattie taken to the Belgium Facility for Female Rehabilitation (BFFR, or Buffer). Rayford, Buck, and Leah leave for various missions 4 months later, at Gala Week: Leah to investigate in Belgium and hopefully free Hattie, Buck to witness the events of the week for his cyberzine The Truth, and Rayford supposedly to transport everyone but secretly also hoping to shoot Carpathia. The Tribulation hurtles to its midpoint as the four murders prophesied in scripture take place. Peter Matthews is murdered by the 10 sub-pontentates of the world. Carpathia personally kills the Two Witnesses with a gun similar to the one Rayford buys to kill him. The Witnesses later protagonize a dramatic resurrection as they are taken up into the clouds, which is dismissed by the media as a hoax. After they are resurrected, an earthquake breaks out, destroying one tenth of Israel and leaving seven thousand dead, as prophesied in Revelation 11:11-13. Finally, Carpathia himself is assassinated as prophesied in Revelation 13:3-4 while delivering a speech three days before the midpoint of the tribulation. Rayford is skeptical as to whether he really was the one who did the deed as he planned to. A hole in Carpathia's head is the same size that Rayford would expect his gun to make, but he was bumped from behind a split second before pulling the trigger. And there were several people near him who are just as suspect. In a brief flashforward to the day before the Potentate's burial, it is revealed that the assassin was caught on video camera and David Hassid is clearly surprised by what the tape reveals. Assassins (LaHaye novel) Assassins: Assignment:Jerusalem, Target:Antichrist is the sixth book in the Left Behind series. It was written by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins in 1999. It was released in August 1999 and was on The New York Times Best Seller" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Cladoxylopsida The cladoxylopsids are a group of plants known only as fossils that are thought to be ancestors of ferns and horsetails. They had a central trunk, from the top of which several lateral branches were attached. Fossils of these plants originate in the Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous periods (around ), mostly just as stems. Cladoxylopsida contains two orders. The order Hyeniales is now included in Pseudosporochnales. Intact fossils of the Middle Devonian cladoxylopsid \"qWattieza\" show it to have been a tree, the earliest identified in the fossil record as of 2007. A recent (2017) discovery in Xinjiang in China of early Late Devonian (Frasnian, ca. 374 Ma) silicified fossil cladoxylopsid tree trunks (diameter up to c.70 cm) with preserved cellular anatomy showed an internal arrangement with many xylem bundles in the outer part and none in the interior; each bundle was surrounded by its own cambium layer, by which the tree's trunk widened. Links with images: Cladoxylopsida The cladoxylopsids are a group of plants known only as fossils that are thought to be ancestors of ferns and horsetails. They had a central trunk, from the top of which several lateral branches were attached. Fossils of these plants originate" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Manitoba Highway 5 Provincial Trunk Highway 5 (PTH 5) is a provincial primary highway located in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The highway starts at the U.S. border and ends at the Saskatchewan boundary 13.6 kilometres west of Roblin. Along the way it passes through the communities of Cartwright, Glenboro, Carberry, Neepawa, McCreary, Ste. Rose Du Lac, Grandview, Gilbert Plains. The highway, running concurrently with PTH 10, bypasses the City of Dauphin (PTH 5A / 10A run through Dauphin). Between the western junction with PTH 10 and Ste. Rose Du Lac, this segment is called the Northern Woods and Water Route. The highway is also the main route through Spruce Woods Provincial Park between Glenboro and Carberry. PTH 5, along with PTH 20 and PTH 50, has the distinction of being both a north-south and east-west highway, although PTH 20 maintains its north-south designation for the entire route. From the Canada–United States border to PTH 68 east of Ste. Rose du Lac, PTH 5 is designated as a north-south highway. From PTH 68 to the Saskatchewan border, the highway's designation changes to east-west. Prior to 1980, the southern terminus for PTH 5 was at PTH 16 \"(PTH 4 prior to 1977)\" in Neepawa, making the original length of the highway . In 1980, the highway was extended to its current southbound terminus, replacing PR 258 between Neepawa and PTH 3 at Cartwright, via Glenboro and Carberry, and PTH 28 between the U.S. border and Cartwright. The section between PTH 20 and PTH 10 south of Dauphin was completed and opened to traffic in 1959. Prior to this, PTH 5 turned north at Ochre River and entered Dauphin from the east along what is now PTH 20 and PTH 20A. PTH 5 met PTH 10 south in Dauphin's city centre, from which the two highways continued out of the city in concurrence following the current PTH 5A/10A route (2nd Avenue N.W. / Buchanon Ave.). Manitoba Highway 5 Provincial Trunk Highway 5 (PTH 5) is a provincial primary highway located in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The highway starts at the U.S. border and ends at the Saskatchewan boundary 13.6 kilometres west of Roblin. Along the way it passes through the communities of Cartwright, Glenboro, Carberry, Neepawa, McCreary, Ste. Rose Du Lac, Grandview, Gilbert Plains. The highway, running concurrently with PTH 10, bypasses the City of Dauphin (PTH 5A / 10A run" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Emily Orwaru Emily Orwaru (born 1988) is a Kenyan aeronautical engineer, who works as an aeronautical planning engineer, at Kenya Airways, the country's national airline. She was born in Nyamira in Nyamira County, about , by road, west of Nairobi, the capital and largest city of Kenya. At the age of nine, she suffered from a bout of tonsillitis, which left her deaf in the right ear. Later, she was diagnosed with keratoconus, an eye condition characterized by thinning of the cornea in both eyes. She has to wear rigid contact lens to correct the problem. After attending elementary and high schools in Kenya, she benefited from a scholarship by the government of Russia, to attend Samara State Aerospace University, in Samara, Russia. At university, she studied Aerospace engineering, graduating with a Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) degree, in 2009. In 2014, Orwaru was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer, for which she had to undergo chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In June 2014, she was hired as a aircraft maintenance technician at Kenya Airways, working in that capacity for six months until December 2014. Later, she was promoted to her present position of Aeronautical Planning Engineer. In October 2017, Emily Orwaru was named among the \"Top 40 Under 40 Women in Kenya 2017\" by \"Business Daily Africa\", an English-language business daily newspaper, published by the Nation Media Group. She is involved in a community-based economic development group in Nyamira, her home village. She is also a member of a cancer support group called \"Faraja Cancer Care\". Emily Orwaru Emily Orwaru (born 1988) is a Kenyan aeronautical engineer, who works as an aeronautical planning engineer, at Kenya Airways, the country's national airline. She was born in Nyamira in Nyamira County, about , by road, west of Nairobi, the capital and largest city of Kenya." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Minuscule 43 Minuscule 43 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 270 and ε 107 (Von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves (20.5 by 15 cm). Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Gregory suggested the 12th century. It has full marginalia. It was split in two volumes. The first volume has Gospels on 199 leaves with size . The second volume containing Acts and Epistles on 189 leaves with size 21.2 by 15.2 cm. The codex contains entire of the New Testament, except last its book - Apocalypse. It has also some lacunae. The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (\"chapters\"), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their τιτλοι (\"titles of chapters\") at the top of the pages. The text of the Gospels has also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234 sections, the last numbered section in 16:9), with references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, the Eusebian Canon tables, prolegomena, tables of the (\"tables of contents\") before every Gospel, (lectionary markings and αναγνωσεις were added by a later hand), subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers of στιχοι (in James and Paul) (in Pauline epistles). The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type with some alien readings. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family K. Aland did not place it in any of his Categories. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family K. In 1 John 5:6 it has textual variant δι' ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος (\"through water and spirit\") together with the manuscripts 241, 463, 945, 1241, 1831, 1877*, 1891. The manuscript was dated by Gregory to the 12th century. Currently it has been assigned by the INTF to the 11th century. Possibly it was written in Ephesus. It was given by P. de Berzi in 1661 to the Oratory of San Maglorian. It was examined and described by Amelotte, Simon, Scholz. and Paulin Martin, C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1884. It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Wettstein. It is currently housed in at the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal (8409. 8410), one of the branches of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, at Paris. Minuscule 43 Minuscule 43 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 270 and ε 107 (Von Soden), is a" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Apputhi Adigal Apputhi Adigal, also spelt as Apputhi Adikal, Atputhi Adigal, Apputi Adigal, Appoodi Adikal, Appoothi Adikal and Appudhi Adigal and known as Appuddi Nayanar, was a Nayanar saint, venerated in the Hindu sect of Shaivism. He is generally counted as the twenty-fifth in the list of 63 Nayanars. He is described as a contemporary of Appar or Thirunavukkarasar (first half of the 7th century CE), one of the most prominent Nayanars. The life of Apputhi Adigal is described in the Tamil \"Periya Puranam\" by Sekkizhar (12th century), which is a hagiography of the 63 Nayanars. He was a contemporary of Appar. Apputhi Adigal was born in the village of Thingalur, Chola kingdom. Presently in the Thanjavur district, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, the village is famous for its Kailasanthar Temple dedicated to Shiva, the patron god of Shaivism. Apputhi Adigal belonged to the Pallava (Kshatriya) caste. His family had the job of reciting the Vedic scriptures. He was a staunch devotee of Shiva and a follower of Appar, who he regarded as his guru even though he has ever met Appar. He named his sons, cows and everything else in his house \"Tirunavukkarasu\", after Appar (Thirunavukkarasar). He worshipped Appar and erected rest-houses and water-sheds and dug ponds for devotees of Shiva and named them after Appar. Once, while Appar decided to close-by Shiva temples after worshipping in the Shiva temple at Thirupuvanam and arrived at Thingalur. Thirsty, he went to a water-shed and saw his own name \"Thirunavukkarasar\", written all over the place. Upon enquiry, fellow pilgrims informed him that it was the word of Apputhi Adigal. Appar went to the home of Apputhi Adigal and was welcomed by his host as a devotee of Shiva. Before Apputhi Adigal bowed to Appar, Appar prostrated before him. The guest asked Apputhi Adigal the reason why he did not name the water-shed after himself, but the name of somebody else. Apputhi was annoyed by the \"causal reference\" of the name of his guru. He shouted at the guest and asked if he did not know the greatness of Appar and sang his guru's glories. Finally, he asked the guest his identity. The humble guest indicated that he was the devotee who wrongly converted to another religion, but returned to Shaivism, after being cured by Shiva of colic. Apputhi realized by the description that his guest was his guru Appar. Apputhi Adigal fell at his guru's feet and worshipped him. He washed Appar's feet with his family and sprinkled the \"holy\" water on him and his kin. He requested Appar to have lunch at the house; Appar consented. While Apputhi's wife cooked various delicacies, the eldest son (called \"eldest Tirunavukkarasu\") rushed to the garden to bring a banana leaf (traditionally lunch is served on a banana leaf in Tamil Nadu) for the guest. A snake bit him in the garden. The boy rushed with the banana leaf to the house before the poison took effect so as to not delay the feast. On handling the leaf to his parents, he collapsed. The parents realised their son had died due to the venom. Not to delay the lunch of his guru, Apputhi and his wife hid the corpse and served Appar. Before the lunch, Appar blessed the family and wanted to present sacred ash to the family. He called the eldest son to receive it; Apputhi said he would not be available without mentioning the son's death. Finally, upon further enquiry, Apputhi revealed the truth to Appar. Appalled, Appar prayed to Shiva with the hymn Ondru Kolam thevaram. The child was resurrected. While the village cheered, the disappointed parents apologized to Appar for delaying his food. Appar had the meal with Apputhi and his children. Appar also resided at Apputhi Adigal's home for a few days, before returning to Thirupuvanam. At Thirupuvanam, Appar composed a hymn in honour of his host. Apputhi Adigal is said to have earned the grace of Shiva by serving Appar. The \"Periya Puranam\" also praises the devotion of the entire family. One of the most prominent Nayanars, Sundarar (8th century) venerates Apputhi Adigal in the \"Tiruthonda Thogai\", a hymn to Nayanar saints, praises him as \"princely Apputi\". Appar has praised Apputhi Adigal in a hymn, composed at Thirupuvanam. Images of Apputhi Adigal and his family are worshipped in the Kailasanthar Temple in his native village Thingalur. Apputhi Adigal is worshipped in the Tamil month of Thai, when the moon enters the Shatabhisha nakshatra (lunar mansion). He is depicted with a shaved head and folded hands (see Anjali mudra). He receives collective worship as part of the 63 Nayanars. Their icons and brief accounts of his deeds are found in many Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu. Their images are taken out in procession in festivals. Apputhi Adigal" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Peter F. Wanser Peter Farmer Wanser (January 24, 1849 – January 3, 1918) was the 25th Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey from May 2, 1892 to May 2, 1897. Wanser was born on January 24, 1849, near New Brunswick, New Jersey. In 1882, Wanser was elected to the New Jersey State Assembly and again in 1883. In 1885, he was appointed a police judge in Jersey City. In 1892, Wanser was elected mayor of Jersey City when he defeated Democrat Allan L. McDermott. He was part of a Republican sweep of elections in New Jersey that went along with John W. Griggs' election as governor. He was the fourth ever Republican elected mayor of Jersey City. He was the first mayor to work in the \"new\" city hall which was completed in January 1896. Wanser served one five-year term (In 1885, the state legislature changed the term of mayor from two years to five years). Elected as a reform mayor, he had many in the Jersey City Democratic Party worried. During his tenure, a major controversy arose over the condition of Jersey City's water supply. The mayoral election of 1897 was very controversial. The Republican-controlled state legislature passed the McArthur Act which postponed Jersey City and Newark's elections from spring to November to make them coincide with the state elections. The New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that this was unconstitutional. The Republicans appealed the Supreme Court's decision to the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals. Since the decision was under appeal, the Republicans claimed that the elections planned for April 14 should not be held at that time until the court ruled on their appeal and if they were held then their results would not be valid until after the appeal was ruled on. The Democrats claimed they would be held and their results would be valid. Democrat Edward Hoos won the election against Republican J. Herbert Potts, 15,264 votes to 12,018; however, Wanser refused to vacate the mayor's office claiming the election was not valid until their appeal was heard in court. Hoos had to formally demand Wanser to leave the office on May 3, 1897. The New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals ruled in September in favor of Hoos. President William McKinley nominated Wanser to be Postmaster of Jersey City in 1898. Wanser served in this position for four years. Wanser was a 30-year member of the New Jersey National Guard rising to the rank of colonel of the Fourth Regiment and later to major general. Wanser died of pneumonia in his home in Jersey City on January 3, 1918. He was buried in Milton, New York. Peter F. Wanser Peter Farmer Wanser (January 24, 1849 – January 3, 1918) was the 25th Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey from May 2, 1892 to May 2, 1897. Wanser was born on January 24, 1849, near New Brunswick, New Jersey. In 1882, Wanser was elected to the New Jersey State Assembly and again in 1883. In" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Kenneth Hunter Kenneth Ross Hunter FRCP (31 May 1939 – 26 April 2013) was a Scottish consultant physician who specialised in diabetes. Hunter was born in Glasgow and educated at Strathallan School near Perth, Scotland and St John's College, Cambridge. He proceeded to University College Hospital, London, for his clinical training and was awarded the Fellowes gold medal. Following the conclusion of his house appointments, which included working for Max Rosenheim, he was appointed to a general medical rotation post between the University College Hospital and the Whittington Hospital. In 1967 he gained Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP). Hunter completed his MD and was appointed to a general medical rotating post in Bristol, though he started in Plymouth, and this is where he began working with diabetes. After four years in Bristol he was seconded to Hammersmith Hospital in London, to receive specialist training in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. He was the first person to qualify in this new discipline in the United Kingdom. Unfortunately, the post that was created for him had to be cancelled because of a financial crisis and cutbacks. In March 1977, Hunter was appointed as a general physician with a special interest in diabetes to the Plymouth Health District. He began his consultant career at Devonport Hospital, before moving to Freedom Fields Hospital and then to Derriford Hospital. Initially, the diabetic clinic was based at Freedom Fields and consisted of Hunter and one clinical assistant. By 1999, there was a diabetes centre, with five specialist nurses, full-time dietetic and chiropody support, and a team of research nurses. This multidisciplinary approach enabled the Plymouth centre to become the first in the United Kingdom to move all its patients on to a new form and strength of insulin. Hunter was a member of the British Medical Association national committee, the regional manpower committee, and sat on numerous committees at hospital, district and regional levels. In 1983 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) for whom he was a regional adviser and examiner. Hunter was also awarded an honorary fellowship by the College of Occupational Therapists in 1992. He published numerous research papers during his career. In 2001 Hunter gave the FitzPatrick lecture at the Royal College of Physicians. He spoke about the career of John Clarke, whose 1781 notes from John Hunter's lectures on surgery had been found in Plymouth. Hunter also served as both secretary and treasurer of the Plymouth Medical Society. Kenneth Hunter Kenneth Ross Hunter FRCP (31 May 1939 – 26 April 2013) was a Scottish consultant physician who specialised in diabetes. Hunter was born in Glasgow and educated at Strathallan School near Perth, Scotland and St John's College, Cambridge. He proceeded to University College Hospital, London, for his clinical training and was awarded the Fellowes gold medal. Following the conclusion of his house appointments, which included working for Max Rosenheim, he was appointed to a general medical rotation post between the University College Hospital and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Epidendrum sect. Equitantia The section Epidendrum\" sect. \"Equitantia of the subgenus \"E\". subg. \"Epidendrum\" of the genus \"Epidendrum\" of the Orchidaceae was published in 1861 by Reichenbach with the notation \"Epidendrum\" sect. \"Equitantia\" differs from the other sections by having leaves that overlap at the base to form a fan, similar to the leaves of a \"Tolumnia\" or \"Iris\". Reichenbach did not list any subsections of \"Epidendrum\" sect. \"Equitantia\". Of the two species placed in this section by Reichenbach, \"Epidendrum Equitans\" has been moved to \"Jacquiniella equitantifolia\" , leaving only one species placed in this section by Reichenbach and accepted by Kew: Epidendrum sect. Equitantia The section Epidendrum\" sect. \"Equitantia of the subgenus \"E\". subg. \"Epidendrum\" of the genus \"Epidendrum\" of the Orchidaceae was published in 1861 by Reichenbach with the notation \"Epidendrum\" sect. \"Equitantia\" differs from the other sections by having leaves that overlap at the base to form a fan, similar to the leaves of a \"Tolumnia\" or \"Iris\". Reichenbach did not list any subsections of \"Epidendrum\" sect. \"Equitantia\". Of the two species placed in this section by Reichenbach, \"Epidendrum Equitans\" has been moved to \"Jacquiniella equitantifolia\" , leaving only one species placed in this section by Reichenbach" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Charles Goodchap Charles Augustus Goodchap (2 April 1837 – 20 October 1896) was a New South Wales politician. Goodchap was born in Kent, England, and educated at Huntingdon Grammar School. He went to New South Wales in 1853, and obtained a clerkship in the Colonial Secretary's office, from which he was transferred to the Lands and Works Department in 1856, and in 1859 to the Department of Public Works. He became Chief Clerk for Railways in 1870, Secretary for Railways in 1875, and Commissioner for Railways in 1878. Goodchap retired from the Civil Service of New South Wales in 1888, and was returned to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Redfern at the general election in 1889 in the Protectionist interest. At the election in June–July 1891 he was defeated, and was nominated to the New South Wales Legislative Council by the Dibbs Government in May 1892. Goodchap died unmarried in Potts Point, Sydney on 20 October 1896. Charles Goodchap Charles Augustus Goodchap (2 April 1837 – 20 October 1896) was a New South Wales politician. Goodchap was born in Kent, England, and educated at Huntingdon Grammar School. He went to New South Wales in 1853, and obtained a" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Larry Pacifico Larry Pacifico (born January 17, 1946) is an American former world champion powerlifter. Larry won nine straight IPF World Powerlifting Championships from 1971–1979. Larry won a total of 102 competitions and set 54 World Records during his powerlifting career. Larry is widely regarded as one of the greatest powerlifters of all time, and goes by the nickname \"Mr. Powerlifting\". 3 time World's Strongest Man winner and 2 time IPF world champion Bill Kazmaier once stated, \"The first time I went to a powerlifting meet and saw Larry, I think he was probably six or seven on his World Championships and he was pretty much-how would you say?-a god in powerlifting. He could go to any class that he wanted to. He could pretty much lift whatever weight on the day he wanted to.\" 4 time IPF powerlifting champion and 1979 World's Strongest Man winner Don Reinhoudt said of Larry, \"I look at Larry, an idol to all of us here-nine time champion and Larry will always be the legend of all time to us.\" Larry was inducted into the York Barbell Hall of Fame on June 28, 1998. Larry currently owns his own gym and is a personal trainer in Dayton, Ohio. Larry Pacifico Larry Pacifico (born January 17, 1946) is an American former world champion powerlifter. Larry won nine straight IPF World Powerlifting Championships from 1971–1979. Larry won a total of 102 competitions and set 54 World Records during his powerlifting career. Larry is widely regarded as one of the greatest powerlifters of all time, and goes by the nickname \"Mr. Powerlifting\". 3 time World's Strongest Man winner and 2 time IPF world champion Bill Kazmaier once stated, \"The first time I went to a powerlifting meet and saw Larry, I think he was probably six or" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Grand Promenade (Perth) Grand Promenade is a 5-kilometre main road in the inner north-eastern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia, linking Dianella in the north, with Bayswater in the south. It forms the northern section of State Route 55 connecting with Railway Parade, which it joins onto at its southern terminus. Grand Promenade is part of state route 55 for its entire length. It commences at Morley Drive, in Dianella, traveling south in a straight line through residential areas before terminating at Railway Parade in Bayswater. It is managed by the City of Stirling from the northern terminus to Walter Road, and the City of Bayswater from Walter Road to the southern terminus. It is a four-lane duel carriageway with a speed limit of 60km/h for its entire length. Grand Promenade starts at a traffic light controlled T-intersection with Morley Drive. From there, it bends a little to the east, then continues on straight, traveling through residential areas. After , it comes to a traffic light controlled intersection with Alexander Drive. Just after there, Grand Promenade passes Dianella Plaza Shopping Centre. After , Grand Promenade crosses over into Bedford, in the City of Bayswater, at Walter Road. After another , Grand Promenade intersects Beaufort Street at a traffic light controlled intersection. Soon after, at York Street, it crosses over into Bayswater, then, after , Grand Promenade terminates at a traffic light controlled T-intersection with Railway Parade, near a small commercial area, and Meltham railway station. Grand Promenade (Perth) Grand Promenade is a 5-kilometre main road in the inner north-eastern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia, linking Dianella in the north, with Bayswater in the south. It forms the northern section of State Route 55 connecting with Railway Parade, which it joins onto at its southern terminus. Grand Promenade is part of state" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Fall Brawl (1998) Fall Brawl 1998: War Games was the sixth Fall Brawl professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). It took place on September 13, 1998 from the Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. As of 2014 the event is available on the WWE Network. The WarGames match was created when Dusty Rhodes was inspired by a viewing of \"Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome\". It was originally used as a specialty match for the Four Horsemen. The first WarGames match took place at The Omni in Atlanta during the NWA's Great American Bash '87 tour, where it was known as War Games: The Match Beyond. It became a traditional Fall Brawl event from 1993 to 1998. The event featured professional wrestling matches that involve different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Professional wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches. The match between Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner ended in a no-contest after Buff Bagwell pretended to re-injure his neck. As per a prematch stipulation, Saturn's victory freed The Flock from Raven's control; if Saturn had lost, he would have had to become Raven's servant. Chris Kanyon was also handcuffed to the ring. During the match, Kidman interfered on Saturn's behalf. In the WarGames Match Diamond Dallas Page pinned Stevie Ray after a Diamond Cutter. For the first time ever in a WarGames match, pinfalls were allowed. As a result of Page getting the pinfall victory; Page earned a shot at the WCW World Heavyweight Championship at Halloween Havoc. Fall Brawl (1998) Fall Brawl 1998: War Games was the sixth Fall Brawl professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). It took" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Matthew Paul Olmos Matthew Paul Olmos is an American playwright from Los Angeles, California. Now living in Brooklyn, New York, he is most well-known for his play \"the living'life of the daughter mira,\" which won Arizona Theatre Company's 2015 National Latino Playwriting Award and was named one of the Best Unproduced Latin@ Plays 2017 by the 50 Playwrights Project., and \"so go the ghosts of mexico\" a three-play cycle about the US-Mexico drug wars. Matthew Paul Olmos was born in Montebello, California and raised in South Pasadena, California by his parents, a police officer and Labor/Delivery nurse. He began writing in early high school, where he enjoyed rewriting lyrics to songs and thinking about their rhythm and poetry. Classmates would occasionally pay him to write poems for their girlfriends. Olmos transferred to University of California, Santa Barbara in his junior year, where he was drawn to acting and writing. Originally planning to write, direct and act in movies, Olmos was not exposed to theatre until his senior year of college when he took an Intro to Playwriting course. Olmos stayed an extra year and switched his major to receive a B.A in Playwriting, after his professor told him he had talent for playwriting. Olmos moved to Brooklyn, New York in 2001 to pursue playwriting. He received his M.F.A in Playwriting from the New School of Drama in 2004. Olmos's earlier productions include \"The Vampire Lesson\" and \"the beautifulest room\" produced by the Actor's Studio Repertory at Westbeth Theatre in New York and \"seal sings its song, Wonders of the Human Body,\" and \"locomotive\" produced by the Gene Frankel Theatre in New York City. Olmos co-founded woken'glacier theatre company where he served as Artistic Director. In 2009, his play \"i put the fear of méxico in'em,\" which was developed while he was in residency at INTAR theatre got him selected as a Sundance Institute Time Warner Storytelling Fellow. From 2009-2011, Olmos spent time in the Mabou Mines/Suite Resident Artist Program where, under the mentorship of Ruth Maleczech, he developed a piece titled \"The Nature of Captivity,\" which won top prize for the Americas in BBC's International Playwriting Competition\".\" Olmos worked at the Lark Play Development Center before quitting to be a full-time playwright. In 2012, Olmos worked in residence at New Dramatists as part of his Princess Grace Fellowship. In 2013, Olmos was selected in the Ucross Foundation's Sundance Institute Theatre Program. In the same year, he received the inaugural Ellen Stewart Emerging Playwright Award. In 2015, Olmos was selected as a Baryshnikov Arts Center Resident Artist. Sam Shepard selected Olmos to create an original work to be produced by La MaMa, e.t.c. as a result of receiving the Ellen Stewart Emerging Playwright Award. \"so go the ghosts of méxico, part one\" directed by Meiyin Wang premiered in April 2013 to positive reception. Based on Marisol Valles García, the \"Bravest Woman in Mexico,\" the play uses ghosts, a magic radio and other supernatural elements to give a poetic interpretation of the story of the 22-year old woman who becomes chief of police after the previous chief of police is tortured and beheaded by the drug cartels. Olmos has stated that \"so go the ghosts of méxico\" is a three-play cycle that is thematically connected but each play features entirely different characters and circumstances. Part one's focus is on the political becoming personal. Part two hones in on the drug cartels themselves, but was played by an all-women cast as a critique on the machismo in that realm. Part three centers on U.S involvement. All three plays feature ghosts and a prominent use of music. In 2016, the Undermain Theatre, in Dallas, TX, committed to producing the entire cycle of plays over the course of three seasons, as announced in American Theatre. Olmos has said he believes there are two categories of theater: “1. the type that “theater people” buy tickets (or get comped) to see and 2. the type that we feel comfortable taking ‘non-theater people’ to see.” Olmos has issues with most theatre as being too pretentious and self-indulgent or lacking in substance. Theater is too \"safe\" of an art form and many groups simply put on shows that have audiences sit quietly for 90 minutes, then leave, which makes theatre irrelevant. Instead, Olmos hopes theatre allows itself to become more \"relevant, dangerous and exciting,\" where any non-theater person can enjoy and have an engaging experience. Olmos enjoys writing that takes risks and is not afraid to anger, challenge, confuse and engage an audience. Olmos thinks it is important to create theater that is important to the world that anyone can watch and to avoid \"doing art for art's sake.\" He enjoys the works of writers like Rogelio Martinez, Mando Alvarado, Caitlin Saylor Stephens, Samuel Hunter and companies like The Assembly and The TEAM. Many of Olmos' characters speak in a \"stylized rhythm\" based on how he hears Mexicans from the West Coast speak. When asked about his use of lower case and punctuation, Olmos has said that he has never been especially good with grammar and has a very small vocabulary, but he loves the endless ways people can communicate casually and tries to show that in his writing. Olmos focuses on writing about underrepresented, marginalized \"have'nots.\" According to him, the majority of works in theatre are about people with social class, which he finds elitist. Olmos only writes stories with political or social relevance, and often incorporates fantastical elements within them as a way to \"embrace theatricality\" and \"expand our imaginations.\" The fantastic elements in his worlds are also a way to approach the many ridiculous, unexplainable things people do to each other in the real world. Olmos hopes when writing about the underrepresented types of people that do not typically attend theater, that if they saw his play, they could connect through the theatrics or \"hyper-realistic\" elements in his work. Olmos likes to write about the small boundaries people create around themselves and often overlook. He finds that these boundaries that separate us and cause loneliness are ridiculous and that by writing about them we can recognize them and be able to look across them. Matthew Paul Olmos Matthew Paul Olmos is an American playwright from Los Angeles, California. Now living in Brooklyn, New York, he is most well-known for his play \"the living'life of the daughter mira,\" which won Arizona Theatre Company's 2015 National Latino Playwriting Award and was named one of the Best Unproduced Latin@ Plays 2017 by the 50 Playwrights Project., and \"so go the ghosts of mexico\" a three-play cycle about the US-Mexico" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Bokaa Dam The Bokaa Dam is a dam on the Metsimotlhabe River, a tributary of the Ngotwane River, in Botswana. It provides water to the capital city of Gaborone. It is operated by the Water Utilities Corporation. The Bokaa Dam was built in 1990/1991 by damming the Metsimotlhabe River, a tributary of the Ngotwane river just south of Bokaa village. The catchment area is about . The dam is an earthcore fill structure with a crest level height of . It was opened in 1993. The dam's surface area when full is . The reservoir is about in length and over at its widest. The Bokaa Dam has a capacity of . It is about from Botswana's capital of Gaborone. As of 2012 the dam provided 25% of the water supply for Gaborone and surrounding areas. There were exceptionally dry conditions in the winter of 2012, and the reservoir dried up and was closed in September 2012. The North-South Carrier (NSC) pipeline came into service in 2000, delivering water to Gaborone from the north and running past the Bokaa Dam. An early version of the NSC plan used the Bokaa Dam as the reservoir, but it was decided to instead build a covered reservoir closer to Gaborone at Mmamashia to minimise loss of water through evaporation. Water from the Bokaa Dam is now injected into the NSC pipeline. Water is treated at the Mmamashia plant, directly to the south. There is a picnic spot for weekend visitors on the southern shore. The dam is in a region of Acacia savanna that is used for grazing many livestock including sheep, goats, donkeys and cattle. The fence is in disrepair so the livestock have trampled the water edge into bare mud in many areas. The reservoir is home to many water birds, notably an important population of southern pochard. Significant numbers of great crested grebe have also been observed. Sometimes it is home to small numbers of pink-backed pelican. Between 1991 and 1995, counts of waterfowls peaked at about 4,000 individuals. Citations Sources Bokaa Dam The Bokaa Dam is a dam on the Metsimotlhabe River, a tributary of the Ngotwane River, in Botswana. It provides water to the capital city of Gaborone. It is operated by the Water Utilities Corporation. The Bokaa Dam was built in 1990/1991 by damming the Metsimotlhabe River, a tributary of the Ngotwane river just south of Bokaa" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "J Scowcroft J Scowcroft was an English footballer who played in The Football League for Bolton Wanderers. He played in the inaugural Football League season of 1888-1889 and played 9 matches and scored one goal. His debut was in the 3rd month of the season, November 1888. The date was 03-Nov-1888, at Anfield, Liverpool, then home of Everton. Scowcroft replaced Bob Roberts at left-half, the latter had moved to left-back. All the action in the match was in the 2nd half, 0-0 at half-time. Everton went 1-0 up but Wanderers equalised. Everton got a winner and, although Wanderers came close they could not get an equaliser. Scowcroft' only goal was scored in an 8-goal thriller played on 08-Dec-1888 at Leamington Road, Blackburn, then home of Blackburn Rovers. Rovers, 2-0 up after 7 minutes lost their clean sheet in the game a minute later, as Scowcroft, playing centre-half, scored his only goal into the Rovers box. Scowcroft played 9 times for Wanderers between 03-Nov-1888 and his last game of the season, 12-Jan-1889. He made 7 appearances at centre-half and 2 at left-half. Wanderers finished the season in 5th place and scored 63 goals in 22 games, the 3rd highest of the season. J Scowcroft J Scowcroft was an English footballer who played in The Football League for Bolton Wanderers. He played in the inaugural Football League season of 1888-1889 and played 9 matches and scored one goal. His debut was in the 3rd month of the season, November 1888. The date was 03-Nov-1888, at Anfield, Liverpool, then home of Everton. Scowcroft replaced Bob Roberts at left-half, the latter had moved to left-back. All the action in the match was in the 2nd half, 0-0 at half-time. Everton went 1-0 up but Wanderers equalised. Everton got a winner and, although Wanderers came" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Software for handling chess problems This article covers computer software designed to solve, or assist people in creating or solving, chess problems – puzzles in which pieces are laid out as in a game of chess, and may at times be based upon real games of chess that have been played and recorded, but whose aim is to challenge the problemist to find a solution to the posed situation, within the rules of chess, rather than to play games of chess from the beginning against an opponent. This is usually distinct from actually playing and analyzing games of chess. Many chess playing programs also have provision for solving some kinds of problem such as checkmate in a certain number of moves (directmates), and some also have support for helpmates and selfmates. Software for chess problems can be used for creating and solving problems, including checking the soundness of a concept and position, storing it in a database, printing and publishing, and saving and exporting the problem. As such they can not only solve direct mates, helpmates and selfmates, but at times even problems with fairy pieces and other fairy chess problems. There have also been some attempts to have computers \"compose\" problems, largely autonomously. First developed in 1980 by Ilkka Blom, \"Alybadix\" is a suite of chess problem solving programs for DOS and Commodore 64. Alybadix supports solving classical problems: selfmates, reflex mates, series mates, Circe, maximummers, and many Fairy types. It comes with a large problem collection and supports quality printing. In 1993, Schach und Spiele magazine considered Alybadix to be six times faster than other playing machines including the RISC 2500. Diagram is a style file for LaTeX for typesetting chess diagrams. The style was originally created by Thomas Brand and further developed by Stefan Hoening, both based on ideas of a TeX package from Elmar Bartel. The style is used to produce the German problem chess magazine Die Schwalbe. Popeye is a chess problem-solving software accommodating many fairy chess rules and able to investigate set play and tries. It can be used with several operating systems and can be connected to several existing graphical interfaces since it comes with freely available source code, cf. . Since its origin, Popeye was designed as a general-purpose, extensible tool for checking fairy and heterodox chess problems. The original author of Popeye was Philippe Schnoebelen who wrote it in Pascal under MS-DOS around 1983-84. In 1986 the code was donated in the spirit of the free software movement. Elmar Bartel, Norbert Geissler, Thomas Maeder, Torsten Linss, Stefan Hoening, Stefan Brunzen, Harald Denker, Thomas Bark and Stephen Emmerson, converted Popeye to the C programming language, and now maintain the program. A good graphic interface \"AP WIN\" a freeware, for using with Windows XP or Windows 7 has since been developed by Paul H. Wiereyn. Using this one can create diagrams and use Popeye for solving problems directly from the diagram. Chloe (DOS) and Winchloe (proprietary software) are solving programs written by Christian Poisson. Winchloe not only supports classical problems — direct mates, helpmates and selfmates — but also many fairy pieces and conditions with different sized chessboards (up to 250 by 250 squares). It comes with a collection of more than 300,000 problems that can be updated via the Internet. Christian Poisson also maintains the Web site Problemesis. Natch and iNatch are freeware programs written by Pascal Wassong for DOS and Linux. Natch solves retrograde analysis problems by constructing a \"proof game\" - the shortest possible game leading to a certain position. Natch is a command line utility, but there is a Java based graphical interface. iNatch also provides moves with fairy conditions: monochrome chess, Einstein chess, vertical cylinder. Problemist is a shareware program written by Matthieu Leschamelle for Windows and Windows Mobile. Problemist solves direct mates, helpmates, selfmates and reflexmates. It can rotate positions, print diagrams and much more. With Problemist come two TrueType chess fonts, and from its web page one can download more than 100,000 problems. Problemist is the first chess problems exchange format. Jacobi is a program to solve fairy chess proof game problems by François Labelle. It is written in JavaScript and run from browser . In 2003, Labelle already developed chess-related programs and published computer-generated chess problems . Software for handling chess problems This article covers computer software designed to solve, or assist people in creating or solving, chess problems – puzzles in which pieces are laid out as in a game of chess, and may at times be based upon real games of chess that have been played and recorded, but whose aim is to challenge the problemist to find a solution to the posed situation, within the rules of chess, rather than to play games of chess from the beginning against an opponent. This" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "The League of Gentlemen (novel) The League of Gentlemen (1958) is a pulp-fiction novel by English author John Boland. The novel was made into the film \"The League of Gentlemen\", which was released in 1960 and became the year's most successful British film. Lt. Col. Hyde is forced into early retirement after 25 years of service as an officer in the British Army. To get his revenge Hyde recruits seven other officers for a special project. The officers are all equally dissatisfied and have skeletons in their closets. The job they are hired to do turns out to be a bank robbery. The seven former officers are all in bad standing with the army, and were all forced out of army for quite serious indiscretions. Hyde hires them for their respective specialities qualities that Hyde needs to succeed with the robbery. Before robbing the bank itself however, they stage a number of raids to get the weapons and trucks they need and all go off without a hitch. Hyde uses all his skills as a tactical military strategist and discipline to go ahead with the plan. The robbery is planned with military precision and everything really seems to go as planned - except for one simple error that gives them all away. The League of Gentlemen (novel) The League of Gentlemen (1958) is a pulp-fiction novel by English author John Boland. The novel was made into the film \"The League of Gentlemen\", which was released in 1960 and became the year's most successful British film. Lt. Col. Hyde is forced into early retirement after 25 years of service as an officer in the British Army. To get his revenge Hyde recruits seven other officers for a special project. The officers are all equally dissatisfied and have skeletons in their closets." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization The Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization (or Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization) is the leader of the Executive Committee (EC) of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the executive body of the PLO, which was established in 1964. The Chairman represents the PLO and the Palestinian people before the international community, including the United Nations. The Chairman is chosen by the members of the PLO EC. Since 29 October 2004, Mahmoud Abbas has been the Chairman of the PLO EC. Yasser Arafat was appointed leader of the PLO on 4 February 1969 at the meeting of the Palestinian National Council (PNC) in Cairo. He continued to be PLO leader (sometimes called Chairman, sometimes President) for 35 years, until his death on 11 November 2004. Mahmoud Abbas was acting Chairman from 29 October 2004 to 11 November 2004, while Arafat was incapacitated, and was Chairman after that date. On 22 August 2015, Mahmoud Abbas announced his resignation as a member and Chairman of the PLO Executive Committee. However, his resignation was conditional on the approval of the PNC, which was called for 15 September. Many Palestinians saw the move as just an attempt to replace some members in the Executive Committee, or to force a meeting of the PNC and remain in their jobs until the PNC decides whether to accept or to reject their resignations. The announcement was criticised by many Palestinian factions, as the PNC had not met for nearly 20 years, and had been postponed indefinitely. The Executive Committee members who announced their resignations were to continue to hold their positions until the PNC meets. Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization The Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization (or Chairman of the Palestine" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's rhythmic individual all-around These are the results of the rhythmic individual all-around competition, one of the two events of the rhythmic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. The qualification and final rounds took place on August 27 and August 29 at the Galatsi Olympic Hall. Twenty-four gymnasts competed in the individual all-around event in the rhythmic gymnastics qualification round on August 27. The ten highest scoring gymnasts advanced to the final on August 29. Almudena Cid of Spain competed for a place on the final, at the time it was a then record breaking appearance for a rhythmic gymnast, a feat she would broke four years later at Beijing 2008 Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's rhythmic individual all-around These are the results of the rhythmic individual all-around competition, one of the two events of the rhythmic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. The qualification and final rounds took place on August 27 and August 29 at the Galatsi Olympic Hall. Twenty-four gymnasts competed in the individual all-around event in the rhythmic gymnastics qualification round on" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Calvin C. Straub Calvin Chester Straub FAIA (March 16, 1920 – 1998) was an American-born architect who had significant impact on architecture as both a designer and an educator. His modesty, confidence, passion for life, and no-nonsense approach resonated with a generation that, like himself, came of age in the World War II era. His influence extended through four subsequent generations as a popular professor of Architecture. Straub was a professor of architecture at University of Southern California (1946–1961) and Arizona State University (1961–1988). As a senior partner at Buff, Straub and Hensman, he joined forces with his former students and USC alumni to produce an important body of work. The lifestyle magazine \"Sunset\" often featured his accomplishments, which were considered influential in shaping a post-World War II contemporary Southern California style. His enthusiasm for architecture inspired generations of students, including Frank O. Gehry, Pierre Koenig, and many others — common among gifted and committed instructors, some reached pinnacles of success, wealth, or fame that eluded him. Straub lived and worked at the epicentre of the evolving Southern California architecture of his day. He knew Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959), Henry Mather Green (1870–1954), R.M. Schindler (1887–1953) personally, and was briefly an employee of Richard Neutra (1892–1970). His architectural work was published extensively, usually with images by famed architectural photographer Julius Shulman. Straub is best known for his Southern California buildings, especially the approximately 30, mostly residential projects produced in his partnership with Conrad Buff III and Donald Hensman: Buff, Straub and Hensman (1956-1961),later named Buff, Smith and Hensman after Straub's departure. This work won numerous awards. Straub and his contemporaries had a common culture — a comradeship born through military training and shared wartime experiences — that inspired a progressive architectural movement. The community of like-minded architects who were also military veterans included Craig Ellwood (1922–1992), Alfred Newman Beadle (1927–1998), Gordon Drake (1917–1951), Pierre Koenig (1925–2009), Ralph Haver (1915–1987). Born March 16, 1920, he spent his earliest years in a residence on Nob Hill in San Francisco. In 1934, the family moved to Mamaroneck, New York; in 1935, to Macon, Georgia; and in 1940, to Los Angeles and then Pasadena. His father, Chester Straub, was a businessman who struggled with the economic impact of the Great Depression. Calvin recalled, \"I have the clearest memory of my father. He had a V-12 Cadillac convertible sedan. It was chocolate brown and all the valve covers were jewel headed. He wore a black Chesterfield coat with a black homburg. It was the Depression and I don’t think he had a nickel to his name. But, he had a great car and he looked like a million bucks.\" Upon high school graduation, Calvin enrolled at Pasadena Junior College, where he took courses in architecture and was active in the ROTC (Reserve Officer Training Center) program. While many of his classmates subsequently enrolled in architecture school at USC, its tuition was beyond Chester Staub's means. He could, however, afford to send his son to Texas A&M, in College Station, Texas, which he did. Just before the war, Straub married Sylvia Gates (1920–1974), a granddaughter of William Day Gates, founder of the American Terracotta company and its arts-and-crafts line: Gates TEACO. The firm's terra cotta appears on famous Chicago works by Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. In the fall of 1941, Straub arrived in College Station for his university and military education. On December 7 of that year, he was in Independence, Texas, with Professor Bill Caudell and two other students looking at old regional buildings when they heard on the radio that Pearl Harbor had been attacked. Straub’s draft board instructed him to return to Pasadena and wait to be drafted; he chose instead to join the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which allowed him to finish his education while awaiting deployment. In a short time, he went from being an A&M student to a graduate of USC, the school he had originally hoped to attend. He graduated as an Ensign in 1944 and reported to his ship, L.S.T. 602, in New Orleans to prepare for Europe. As he later recalled, \"I had taken some classes in navigation, and was then handed a navigator's case with maps and instruments and told to take the ship out of port and to Europe.\" In 1974, Sylvia died prematurely at age 51. As her husband later said, \"She was my wife but also my partner in our career. We made a pretty good team for over thirty years — I still miss her.\" They had two daughters, Kris and Kathrin. Kathrin went on to become a successful potter and artist in the Gates family tradition. Kris had two children. After Sylvia's death, Straub seemed to lose much of his vitality, most notably in his later years. In 1946, after his tour of duty, Straub arrived back in Pasadena, California, intent on resuming his architectural career. At USC, he visited Arthur Gallion, who offered him a teaching position there At the time, USC was a hotbed of new ideas brought about by the aftermath of the war. Straub would eventually become dean of the College of Architecture. He and the school became focused on architectural responses to social issues, such as the population boom in Los Angeles and the need for low-cost housing with limited resources. \"Employment in hand, Straub still faced the problem so common to millions of other returning veterans; the lack of housing ... Straub's circle of friends included a number of individuals that had never had any construction experience, but, who concluded that if they helped each other, they could solve their housing dilemma. To Straub fell the responsibly of the design of several very low-cost houses\"[5]. After borrowing a set of plans as an example from Richard Neutra he began to design. He built his cottage in 1947. He developed for them a post and beam structural system. Experimenting by trial and error, the final product was lightweight, yet ridge utilizing large expanses of glass. This system was disseminated through the nation by its publication and Julius Shulman's photography. It measured 16'x24', and had been built by war-surplus materials, \"the cost was $800.00 plus our own labor and bruised thumbs.\" said Straub. For this invention, Esther McCoy dubbed Calvin. C. Straub the \"Father of California Post and Beam Architecture\" Straub's early design's were most influential in the era recognized as mid century modernism. A design vocabulary birthed in the LA Basin in the late forties through early sixties of the twentieth century. Straub became an \"“heir of the ‘woodsy’ Arts and Crafts tradition”\" being \"acquainted with the modernist movement led in the west by Nuetra but initiated by Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,” and, because of his own interests, “accepted it with enthusiasm.\" In his book, \"The Man-made Environment: An Introduction to World Architecture and Design\", Straub himself refers to Arts and Crafts architecture only obliquely, focusing instead on \"the small-scale buildings and houses\" designed by the Bay Region architects \"who were continuing to evolve forms of modern architecture in the tradition of Maybeck, Gill, and the Greene Brothers.\" This created a synthesis of strongly divergent influences. This synthesis was informed by a principle based design philosophy rather than aesthetics or technological advancements. \"Using building materials expressive of the naturalist philosophy of the West, the design theories of the 'Arts and Crafts' Movement, and the functional traditions of the Chicago School, they carried on the development of an 'American architecture' ... Although functional in planning and concept, their designs were not overly concerned with expressing technology or mechanical", "only obliquely, focusing instead on \"the small-scale buildings and houses\" designed by the Bay Region architects \"who were continuing to evolve forms of modern architecture in the tradition of Maybeck, Gill, and the Greene Brothers.\" This created a synthesis of strongly divergent influences. This synthesis was informed by a principle based design philosophy rather than aesthetics or technological advancements. \"Using building materials expressive of the naturalist philosophy of the West, the design theories of the 'Arts and Crafts' Movement, and the functional traditions of the Chicago School, they carried on the development of an 'American architecture' ... Although functional in planning and concept, their designs were not overly concerned with expressing technology or mechanical functionalism as in the European 'international style'. It was more committed to humanism, the natural landscape, and the life styles of people than to abstract principles of theory.\" Calvin C. Straub created an artisan architecture. His designs were born of craft, not technology, inspired by natural materials, informed by a personal artistic expression yet firmly committed to principles of humanism, function, responsive to the patron, context and climate; for the pleasure of use. \"\"Straub was committed to a humanist architecture. Like other regional modernists, he adopted a pragmatic approach, eschewing the dogmatic rigidity found in the purest forms of both the Arts and Crafts and Modernist movements. The Bay Region Style was, after all, about fusion, what Gwendolyn Wright calls “a joyful Modernism that freely mixed local vernaculars with Japanese and European influences, native redwood with industrial materials, compositional order with quirky details.\" This was architecture as a means to an end, not the end itself. As architect William Wurster suggested, \"Architecture is not a goal. Architecture is for life and pleasure and for people. The picture frame, and not the picture.\"\" In 1961 Straub moved to Arizona and began teaching at Arizona State University and practising architecture in the region. His later works contributed to the development of the Sonoran Desert regional vocabulary yet maintained the same principles of his earlier work. His work was a bridge between the California art's and crafts architects and the desert modernists. He also travelled the world extensively for his World Architecture lecture course. It was attended by over 12,000 students. His travels drooped into the western architectural design vocabulary forms and world architectural influences. The Western Savings and Loan branch bank in Phoenix, Arizona reflects his inventive creativity. Straub said, \"We created that roof form to hide the mechanical units, it was a smashing Idea.\" This project was used for his widely utilized architectural text \"Design Process and Communications\". This roof form swept across the architectural landscape and is arguably the first use of this Polynesian inspired roof form in a modern western structure. As an introduction to a retrospective exhibit of his work assembled in 1987, Straub recalled a \"Statement of Intent\" he wrote as a young architect in the 1950s. He felt that the ideals expressed in this youthful manifesto had retained their validity for him into the twilight of his career. A study of his works should reflect these principles again and again: In Straub's lecture notes prepared for a 1982 College of Architecture, Arizona State University symposium on the American House for \"The Historical Development of the Western Home,\" one recognizes his values. These tenets are what he promoted and likely contributed through his life's work as a designer and educator of a unique form of American Architecture. They also summarize much of the work promoted in that era through \"Sunset Magazine\", and many other western publications, including \"Arts and Architecture\" and its case study program that made Straub and others famous. These observations by Calvin C. Straub on the western home perhaps most clearly define his work, his contribution to architecture and that of those contemporaries who shared similar principles. Those Cal Straub and his comrades would have defined as \"one of us.\" 1. Recollections from notes and conversations between Calvin C. Straub and Wm. Mark Parry; Parry was Straub's last associate. (1991–1998) 2. Hensman, D.C. and J. Steele, Buff & Hensman. 2004, Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California Guild Press. 3. \"A Personal History of the Straub Family During the Last Hundred Years\", by Calvin C. Struab, 1996. 4. Ibid. 5. Richard A. Eribes in \"The California Houses of Calvin C. Straub: A Modern Crafts Legacy\". Unpublished manuscript. 6. Interviews with Calvin Straub by Richard A. Eribes in “The California Houses of Calvin C. Straub: A Modern Crafts Legacy\". Unpublished manuscript partially funded by a grant from the Graham Foundation 7. Winter, R., Toward a Simpler Way of Life: The arts & crafts architects of California. 1997, Berkeley: University of California Press. 310 p. 8. Winter, R., Toward a Simpler Way of Life: The arts & crafts architects of California. 1997, Berkeley: University of California Press. 310 p. 9. Straub, C.C., The Man-made Environment: An Introduction to World Architecture and Design. Prelim. ed. 1983, Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt. 10. Wolf Peter j. Regional Modernism for the Desert:Calvin Straub's Arizona Architecture. modernphoenix.net 2009 Calvin C. Straub Calvin" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Eagle Squadrons Memorial The Eagle Squadrons Memorial is a Second World War memorial in Grosvenor Square, London. It commemorates the service of the three Royal Air Force Eagle Squadrons from 1940 to 1942, during the Battle of Britain, and in particular their 244 Americans and 16 British fighter pilots, of whom 71 were killed. The Eagle Squadrons were RAF fighter squadrons, mostly manned by US citizens who volunteered to serve before Nazi Germany declared war on the US in December 1941. At that time, US citizens were prohibited from serving in the armed forces of a foreign power, on pain of losing their citizenship (although those affected were pardoned by Congress in 1944). US pilots were recruited to serve in Europe by Charles F. Sweeny from 1939. A unit staffed by US citizens was accepted by the RAF in July 1940, and No. 71 Squadron RAF was formed in September 1940, becoming operational in February 1941. It was followed by No. 121 Squadron RAF in May 1941 and No. 133 Squadron RAF in July 1941, flying initially Hawker Hurricanes and later Supermarine Spitfires. Efforts to recruit US citizens to serve in the RAF continued on a more organised basis under the aegis of the Clayton Knight Committee, which recruited around 7,000 US citizens to serve in the RAF or Royal Canadian Air Force by the time the US joined the war in December 1941, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour. The three Eagle Squadrons transferred to the United States Army Air Forces in September 1942, becoming 334th, 335th and 336th Fighter Squadrons in the 4th Fighter Group in VIII Fighter Command. The memorial comprises a tapering high obelisk of pale sandstone, topped by a high bronze sculpture of an eagle holding its wings aloft. The head of the eagle is painted white, so it resembles an American bald eagle. It was commissioned by American newspaper owner William Randolph Hearst, and designed by Tim Kempster, who was also involved in the design of the Fleet Air Arm Memorial. The bronze sculpture is by Elisabeth Frink. The four sides of the stone column each bear inscriptions. The main side, to the north, has a spread eagle from the Great Seal of the United States, holding arrows in one claw and an olive branch in the other, and an inscription . Each of the three other sides is dedicated to one of the Eagle Squadrons – 133 Squadron, 121 Squadron, or 71 Squadron – with a depiction of each squadron's crest and motto, and a list of those who served: 289 individuals, including 71 war dead. The memorial was erected in 1985, near the US Embassy in London, and close to a statue of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was officially unveiled in May 1986 by the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, and became a Grade II listed building in January 2016. The US Embassy is scheduled to move to a new building in Nine Elms in 2017, but the memorial will remain in Grosvenor Square. Eagle Squadrons Memorial The Eagle Squadrons Memorial is a Second World War memorial in Grosvenor Square, London. It commemorates the service of the three Royal Air Force Eagle Squadrons from 1940 to 1942, during the Battle of Britain, and in particular their 244 Americans and 16 British fighter pilots, of whom 71 were killed. The Eagle Squadrons were RAF fighter squadrons, mostly manned by US citizens who volunteered to serve before Nazi Germany declared war on the US in December 1941. At that time, US citizens were prohibited from serving in the armed forces of" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Gerry Sandusky Gerard Edward Sandusky (born September 5, 1961) is an American sports broadcaster. He works as the sports director at WBAL-TV in Baltimore, Maryland, and does radio play-by-play for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. Sandusky is the son of John Sandusky, who played in the NFL for the Cleveland Browns and Green Bay Packers, and who later was an assistant coach for several NFL teams, and head coach for the Baltimore Colts. He is a 1983 graduate of Towson University, where he played football and basketball. Sandusky began his career as a sportscaster for WSVN-TV in Miami, Florida. He joined WBAL-TV in 1988. In addition to his duties with the Ravens, Sandusky broadcasts Towson University basketball games. Previously, he hosted the pre-game show for Baltimore Orioles broadcasts. Sandusky is also the owner of The Sandusky Group, a media and communications consulting firm. He and his wife Lee Ann founded the Joe Sandusky Fund, which operates through the Baltimore Community Foundation and raises money for scholarships to financially needy youngsters in the Baltimore area. The fund is named after Sandusky's late brother, a football player at the University of Tulsa, who died of septic shock caused by pneumonia in 1978 at the age of 19. His most noted catchphrase is \"The hay's in the barn\" which he uses whenever the Ravens secure a victory. His explanation of its origin: In 2014, Gerry Sandusky authored his first book, \"Forgotten Sundays: A Son's Story of Love, Loss and Life from the Sidelines of the NFL\". With a foreword by Baltimore Ravens Head Coach John Harbaugh, \"Forgotten Sundays\" is Gerry Sandusky's coming-of-age story about a son's relationship with his father. It is his story of love, loss, acceptance and living in the shadow of the NFL. On May 24, 2014, Sandusky introduced the book at a public book signing event at Greetings & Readings of Hunt Valley in Baltimore County. He is not related to former Penn State assistant football coach and convicted child molester Jerry Sandusky. On July 25, 2018, he appeared on \"The Daily Show\" as one of the guests in a segment about people who get harassing tweets because they have a similar name to someone infamous and get mistaken for this person. Gerry Sandusky Gerard Edward Sandusky (born September 5, 1961) is an American sports broadcaster. He works as the sports director at WBAL-TV in Baltimore," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Better America Federation The Better America Federation was a pro-business organization in California, U.S. in the 1920s. The organization co-founded in May 7, 1920 in Los Angeles, California by railway developer Eli P. Clark and other businessman, mostly from the utilities sector. It was formed ‘‘for the political welfare of the nation,\" purpose, the suppression of radicalism, class legislation and all else ‘‘inimical to the welfare of the nation.\" Headquarters in Los Angeles. It took over from the defunct Commercial Federation of California. Its founding president, Harry E. Haldiman, was the president of the Pacific Pipes and Supplies Company. The vice president for Los Angeles County was Reese J. Llewellyn, the president of Llewellyn Iron Works. Donors included private individuals and corporations like Southern California Edison. The organization published pamphlets. It also lobbied members of the California State Assembly. It promoted American patriotism, and it warned the public against communism. Furthermore, it argued the United States Constitution should not be amended. In the workplace, the organization was opposed to labor unions and regulations. Moreover, it promoted a six-day workweek and it rejected the minimum wage. In schools, it warned against \"bolshevik\" authors like Edward Alsworth Ross, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr. and David Saville Muzzey used in textbooks. They also objected to Garfield Bromley Oxnam joining a school board. Moreover, it was opposed to \"compulsory education beyond the age of 14\". One of its successes was to ban \"The Nation\" and \"The New Republic\" from public schools in California. Some scholars have suggested the organization has influenced conservative politics in California to this day. Better America Federation The Better America Federation was a pro-business organization in California, U.S. in the 1920s. The organization co-founded in May 7, 1920 in Los Angeles, California by railway developer Eli P. Clark and other businessman," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "CafeMom CafeMom was an ad-supported social networking site which was targeted at mothers and mothers-to-be. It was founded in 2006 by Andrew Shue and Michael Sanchez. Within one year of its launch, CafeMom became the most trafficked website for women (by page views) on the Internet, according to comScore. CafeMom gets more than 8 million unique visitors a month, accounting for over 140 million page views. According to their own website, as of 2009, CafeMom.com had turned profitable. On March 30, 2010, CafeMom announced the launch of The Stir, a new blog for moms featuring topics such as celebrity gossip, parenting dilemmas (and solutions), current events, and home decorating. Based in New York City, the company had about 120 employees. CafeMom is owned by privately held CMI Marketing. CafeMom was founded in 2006 by Michael Sanchez and Andrew Shue. In 1999, the childhood friends established CMI Marketing and subsequently ClubMom, the predecessor to CafeMom. ClubMom was a web site that provided parenting information in the form of blogs, articles and message boards. It also organized a shopping rewards program with sponsors. ClubMom ran until 2007, when CMI Marketing ended the website in order to focus on their sister site by the name of CafeMom. The idea of CafeMom originated with Andrew Shue when he became a father and he saw how his wife counted on other mothers for support and information. Shue realized that there was a need for mothers to share and talk with other women and there was nothing out there that was bringing them together. CMI Marketing put together ideas of how the CafeMom website would look and function by looking at features of other social networking sites. The company then took these ideas and simplified them when creating CafeMom. CafeMom went live on November 15, 2006. Many original ClubMom members were encouraged to join the newly formed social networking site CafeMom in order to help it succeed. On May 18, 2018, CafeMom sent an email to all CafeMom users announcing the service would cease operation because of funding problems. CafeMom is owned by CMI Marketing Inc., a New York-based company, founded in 1999, which offers Internet community services. The services typically involve online chatting and photo sharing. CMI Marketing Inc. primarily makes money via advertising revenue. They also have investors Highland Capital Partners and Draper Fisher Jurvetson invested some $5 million in the company. Since the end of 2008, CMI Marketing has been growing. CafeMom reaches 8.1 million unique visitors (ComScore, July 2011) and more than 20 million unique visitors to the CafeMom Plus Network. CafeMom Plus is a network of mom-oriented websites who are in partnership with CafeMom, including: Birthday Partnership Ideas; Coupon Cabin; Education.com; and Families.com. CafeMom has been featured in newspapers, magazines and television and radio programs. Articles have appeared in the New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Good Morning America along with programs on The Today Show and Webmaster Radio. In 2009, the marketing news and expert advice website, Clickz, published an article on CafeMom’s newly launched games section, and the impact it was making. In August 2010, it was reported that Yahoo! was seeking to acquire the profit making social networking site aimed at mothers. CMI Marketing and Yahoo negotiated over the price. Other interested companies included The Walt Disney Company. CafeMom publishes an online journal called \"The Stir\". It provides newspaper articles about parenting and issues surrounding children that members can comment upon and discuss. It also links to related stories on the site as well providing links to similar articles in the press, and gives links to Twitter and Facebook where members can continue the debate. Suburban Turmoil’s Lindsay Ferrier is a fashion columnist for the journal, after selling her style blog, She’s Still Got It, to CafeMom. The blog is interactive, allowing CafeMom followers to write in and ask questions, appeal for fashion advice and discuss trends. Ferrier became involved with CafeMom after following CafeMom bloggers on Twitter and getting in touch with them. CafeMom CafeMom was an ad-supported social networking site which was targeted at mothers and mothers-to-be. It was founded in 2006 by Andrew Shue and Michael Sanchez. Within one year of its launch, CafeMom" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Glyphoderma Glyphoderma is an extinct genus of placodont reptile from the Middle Triassic of China. It differs from its relative \"Psephochelys\" in having three, rather than one, fused osteoderms on the posterior skull surface, and has an earlier temporal range, from the Ladinian epoch rather than the Late Triassic. Otherwise, it is similar in most respects to the other plachochelyids found in China. The name comes from the Greek 'γλυφος', 'sculpture' and 'δερμα', 'skin' referring to its unique carapace structure. The specific name honours a Mr. Kang Ximin. The holotype, an almost complete skeleton, was found in 2008 in Fuyuan, Yunnan Province of central China in the Falan Formation. It is preserved in a thick block of limestone, and so the ventral side is not well known. The total length is 873 mm. \"Glyphoderma\"'s skull is the shape of an isosceles triangle, with a long narrow rostrum. The skull is 110.6 mm long and 83.7 mm wide. There are three large osteoderms fused to the temporal arch on each side of the skull, which protrude backwards. The suture between the maxilla and the jugal is underneath the posterior part of the orbit. The premaxilla has a smaller posterior process than in \"Placochelys,\" only reaching the naris while that of \"Placochelys\" reaches the orbit. Most of the other cranial bones are entirely fused, giving \"Glyphoderma\" a very strong skull. The temporal fenestrae are about twice as large as the orbits, at 37.3 mm long rather than 25.9 mm. There are two blunt teeth in the posterior part of the lower jaw, but most of the dentary lacks teeth entirely as in the other placochelyids. The carapace, made up of more than 400 osteoderms, is roughly circular but with small excavations at front and back to allow the neck and tail to move around a little more. Its dorsal surface is slightly convex and has a shallow longitudinal groove along the midline. The excavation at the back is biconcave rather than simply concave, and just exposes the pelvis. The anterior excavation is more open than that of \"Psephochelys.\" The osteoderms that make up the carapace are pentagonal or hexagonal, and are tightly sutured but not fused as they are in \"Psephochelys.\" Around the edge of the carapace, they are more isolated and have drifted away from their original positions. The carapace is very slightly wider, at 262 mm, than it is long (242.8 mm). There are two slightly enlarged osteoderms, one on either side of the anterior excavation, but these are not tuberculiform and are much smaller than those in \"Psephochelys\". All the osteoderms are highly convex and have radial grooves and ridges which are very deep or very high, hence the genus name. They also have many tiny pits. \"Glyphoderma\" has five or six cervical vertebrae, all of which are very flattened and wide, with low neural spines. Only one dorsal vertebra can be seen beneath the carapace. There are four sacral vertebrae, with distally expanded pleurapophyses enclosing a foramen between each pair. 34 caudal vertebrae are preserved, although some may be missing, and the first three of them have transverse processes. Only the distal end of each scapula is exposed by the carapace, but the humeri are well preserved and exposed, at 65.7 mm long. The distal end of each humerus is expanded, with a flat triangular depression on the dorsal side, and an open ectepicondylar groove along the anterior margin. The ulna and radius are of very similar lengths (39.5 and 40.8 mm respectively) but the radius is much thicker. Both ends of the radius have a depression on the dorsal surface. There are five ossifications in the carpus, but the manus is very poorly preserved and we know almost nothing about it. The femur is expanded at both ends, but has a short shaft (only 59 mm). The space between the tibia and fibula is very large as the tibia has a straight medial edge and a concave lateral one. They are roughly the same length (47.5 mm fibula, 49.4 mm tibia). The calcaneum and astragalus form a depression for the distal end of the tibia to fit into. There are four other tarsals and four metatarsals, but it is very difficult to determine the phalangeal formula due to the poor preservation of the foot. Glyphoderma Glyphoderma is an extinct genus of placodont reptile from the Middle Triassic of China. It differs from its relative \"Psephochelys\" in having three, rather than one, fused osteoderms on the posterior skull surface, and has an earlier temporal range, from the Ladinian epoch rather than the Late Triassic. Otherwise, it is similar in most respects to the other plachochelyids found in China. The name comes from the Greek 'γλυφος', 'sculpture' and 'δερμα', 'skin' referring to its unique carapace structure. The specific name" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Personal (novel) Personal is the nineteenth book in the Jack Reacher series written by Lee Child. The novel was published on 28 August 2014 in the UK, New Zealand, Australia and Ireland, and on September 2, 2014, in the United States and Canada. The plot of the book revolves around Reacher's pursuit of a sniper who has attempted to assassinate the President of France. This book is written in the first person. Someone has taken a shot at the president of France in the City of Light. The bullet was American. The distance between the gunman and the target was exceptional. How many snipers can shoot from three-quarters of a mile with total confidence? Very few, but John Kott—an American marksman gone bad—is one of them. And after fifteen years in prison, he’s out, unaccounted for, and likely drawing a bead on a G8 summit packed with enough world leaders to tempt any assassin. If anyone can stop Kott, it’s the man who beat him before: Reacher. And though he’d rather work alone, Reacher is teamed with Casey Nice, a rookie analyst who keeps her cool with Zoloft. But they’re facing a rough road, full of ruthless mobsters, Serbian thugs, close calls, double-crosses—and no backup if they’re caught. All the while Reacher can’t stop thinking about Dominique Kohl, the woman he once failed to save and swears it won't happen this time. General Tom O'Day sends him undercover to Paris to discover who's behind the murder attempt; in order to find the culprit and, above all, to save the oncoming G8 meeting which is going to be held in London. Reacher finds out that the dangerous gang using snipers - among whom there's Kott, arguably - has actually got a base in London, namely in Chigwell, where Charlie White, an old man helped by a notorious gang called the *Romford Boys*, runs a bunch of gangsters who do business with Serbians and now are threatening to aim higher at the G8. Reacher, together with Casey Nice, manages to approach White's general quarters, where a giant who goes by the name of Joseph (Little Joey) Green, defends the castle. But Reacher confronts and kills Joey, enters the house and kills Kott, too; then he comes back to the States to meet O'Day, the general who proposed the mission to him; but not to thank him, but to frame him. Kott, White and Green were criminals, but they were not threatening the G8; O'Day wanted Kott simply to become more powerful politically; and he had sold Reacher to him in advance; whether the winner would be Kott or Reacher, he might have pretended to have saved the world. Reacher leaves him alone, but orders him not to say a word or he would raise a scandal and waste him; and a short time after the story he reads that O'Day has killed himself; but Reacher has already left town. \"Personal\" topped \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list of combined print and e-book fiction books for the week of September 21, 2014. It won the 2014 RBA Prize for Crime Writing, a Spanish literary award said to be the world's most lucrative crime fiction prize at €125,000. Personal (novel) Personal is the nineteenth book in the Jack Reacher series written by Lee Child. The novel was published on 28 August 2014 in the UK, New Zealand, Australia and Ireland, and on September 2, 2014, in the United States and Canada. The plot of the book revolves around Reacher's pursuit of a sniper who has attempted to assassinate the President of France. This" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Wenatchee Valley College Wenatchee Valley College, or WVC, is a two-year community college located in Wenatchee, Washington, United States. The college provides students with adult education classes, certifications, and 2-year Associate Degrees. WVC's primary service district is one of the largest in the state, serving an area larger than Massachusetts, at more than . The school consists of two campuses: a main campus in central Wenatchee, and an Omak campus. Because of the close proximity to area high schools, WVC maintains a sizable Running Start student population, with students attending college during the junior and senior years in high school. Wenatchee Valley College originally opened as a private college in 1939, supported by donations from 51 area residents. In 1941, Wenatchee Valley College was adopted into the state public education system. Originally, classes were held on the third floor of the original Wenatchee High School situated at King and Idaho streets. In 1949, the college moved to the home of A. Z. Wells on of land along Fifth Street. The home was hand-built, consisting of stones from the Columbia River, and was modeled with castle style turrets. Wells House held all classrooms and offices, until additional buildings could be constructed allowing the Wells House to become a dormitory. WVC was able to purchase land from neighboring land owners, expanding the campus to its current . Wells House still stands on the WVC Main Campus, although the building is owned by the Wells House Committee, and the Wenatchee Valley Museum currently maintains the mansion. Community College District #15 was formed in 1967, expanding WVC's service area to include Chelan, Douglas, and Okanogan counties. A satellite campus was set up in Omak in a former hospital building, until the Omak campus was built in the mid-1970s near downtown Omak. A large section of the WVC Main Campus in Wenatchee has undergone expansion. The college added parking to accommodate additional students. A new Central Washington University extension building was constructed west of Batjer Hall and north of Sexton Hall. Anderson Hall was demolished to make way for the new Wenatchi Hall, which opened in September 2007. Wenatchi Hall provides expanded room for Allied Health and Safety programs, science, math and other courses. The Wenatchee Valley Foundation raised funds to help finance the construction of the Music and Art Center, which opened near the Wells House in the fall of 2012. The MAC houses \"The Grove\" recital hall and the MAC Gallery as well as rehearsal halls, computerized music classrooms, recording studios, a sculpture studio, and four 2-story art studios with window walls facing north. In the spring of 2015, students voted to assess themselves a fee to build a new rec center which is expected to be completed during the summer of 2017 Wenatchee Valley College is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. The Nursing Program and other Clinical programs are accredited through either the National League for Nursing or the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Sciences. The Omak campus consists of five buildings all located near downtown Omak. Two specialty programs offered at this campus both on-site and via distance learning include nursing and chemical dependency studies. There are no dormitories or residential living quarters on or designated to this campus. In the spring of 2015, WVC opened Hazel Allen Burnett Hall which houses classrooms and faculty offices. Wenatchee Valley College competes in the Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC) as the Knights, fielding men's teams for baseball, women's teams for softball and volleyball and men's and women's teams for basketball and soccer. Wenatchee Valley College Wenatchee Valley College, or WVC," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Hardtop A hardtop is a rigid form of automobile roof, which for modern cars is typically constructed from metal. A hardtop roof can be either fixed (ie not removable), detachable for separate storing or retractable within the vehicle itself. \"Pillarless hardtop\" (often referred to as simply \"hardtop\") is a body style of cars without a B-pillar, which are often styled to give the appearance of a convertible. A detachable hardtop is a rigid, removable roof panel that is often stored in a car's trunk/boot. A retractable hardtop (also known as coupé convertible or coupé cabriolet) is a type of convertible that forgoes a folding textile roof in favor of an automatically operated, multi-part, self-storing roof where the rigid roof sections are opaque, translucent, or independently operable. The pillarless hardtop (often abbreviated to \"hardtop\") is a hardtop with no B-pillar which is often styled to look like a convertible. If window frames are present, they are designed to retract with the glass when lowered. This creates an impression of uninterrupted glass along the side of the car. A pillarless hardtop is inherently less rigid than a pillared body, requiring extra underbody strength to prevent shake. Production hardtops commonly shared the frame or reinforced body structure of the contemporary convertible model, which was already reinforced to compensate for the lack of a fixed roof. Hardtops tend to be more expensive and collectible than sedan models of the same vehicle. Some hardtop models took the convertible look even further, including such details as simulating a convertible-top framework in the interior headliner and shaping the roof to resemble a raised canvas top. By the late-1960s such designs could be highlighted with an optional vinyl cover applied on the steel roof. The hardtop began to disappear along with convertibles in the mid-1970s, partly out of a concern that U.S. federal safety regulations would be difficult for pillarless models to pass. The ascendancy of monocoque construction also made the pillarless design less practical. Some models adopted modified roof styling, placing the B pillars behind tinted side window glass and painting or molding the outer side of each pillar in black to make them less visible, creating a hardtop look without actually omitting the pillar. Some mid- to late-1970s models continued their previous two-door hardtop bodies, but with fixed rear windows or a variety of vinyl roof and opera window treatments. By the end of the 1990s, almost all hardtop designs disappeared as structural integrity standards continued to increase. Early automobiles had no roof or sides, however by 1900 several cars were offered with fabric roofs and primitive folding tops. However, cars with fully closed bodies (ie with a rigid roof and sides) grew in popularity and soon became the norm. In 1915–1918, the first pillarless hardtop cars were produced, then called \"convertible cars\" (or \"touring sedans\" or \"Springfields\"). The Springfield design featured folding upper frames on the doors and the rear glass frames are removable and stored under or behind the seats. Another form of early pillarless hardtop is the \"California top\", originating in Los Angeles and most popular from 1917—1927. These were designed to replace the folding roofs of touring cars, in order to enclose the sides of the car for better weather protection. One objective of these aftermarket tops was to bring the cost of the closed car nearer to the prices of corresponding open cars. Automobile dealers were encouraged to equip an open car with a California top to demonstrate that they were \"cool and clean in summer, and warm and dry in winter.\" The hard tops were frequently equipped with celluloid windows that retracted like a roller blind for open sided motoring offering a low-cost compromise between an open and closed car. There were a variety of hardtop-like body styles dating back to 1916. Chrysler Corporation built seven pillarless Town and Country hardtop coupes as concept vehicles in 1946, and even included the body style in its advertising that year. Mass-production of hardtops began with General Motors, which launched two-door, pillarless hardtops in 1949 as the Buick Roadmaster Riviera, Oldsmobile 98 Holiday, and Cadillac Coupe de Ville. They were purportedly inspired by the wife of a Buick executive who always drove convertibles, but never lowered the top. The Kaiser-Frazer 1949 Virginian was an early example of a four-door hardtop albeit with a removable thin, chrome- and-glass 'B' pillar held on by five screws. The car was designed to have a convertible look and padded nylon or cotton was applied over the roof to contribute to the soft-top appearance. Two-door hardtops became popular with consumers in the 1950s while the two-door sedan body fell out of favor among buyers. In 1955, General Motors introduced the first four-door hardtops. To popularize the introduction of the body style with no B-pillar, GM gave special trim designations for all their brands in North America. The term Seville was used for Cadillac, Riviera was used for Buick, Holiday was used for Oldsmobile, Catalina was used for Pontiac, and Bel Air was used for Chevrolet. By 1956 every major U.S. automaker offered two- and four-door hardtops in a particular model lineup. General Motors restyled their new models and now offered four-door hardtops from every division and in nearly every series except the lowest priced lines. In 1956, the first four-door hardtop station wagons were introduced by Rambler and American Motors Corporation. The following year, the Mercury Commuter hardtop wagons became available in both two- and four-door body styles. Throughout the 1960s the two-door pillarless hardtop was by far the most popular body style in most lines where such a model was offered. Even on family-type vehicles like the Chevrolet Impala, the two-door hardtop regularly outsold four-door sedans. Some car lines (such as the 1957 Cadillac and 1965-69 Corvair) only offered pillarless models with no sedans at all. So prevalent were true hardtops that \"Popular Mechanics\" had to describe that the new full-sized 1967 Oldsmobile Delmont models also included \"a \"pillar\" sedan\". The U.S. industry's last pilarless two-door and four-door hardtops were in the 1978 Chrysler Newport and New Yorker lines. Since then, no U.S. manufacturer has offered a true hardtop in regular production. During the 1970s, Toyota produced the Toyota Crown in a pillarless two-door hardtop version. Nissan followed suit with the Nissan Cedric and Nissan Gloria in 4-door sedan and 2-door hardtop body styles, with the latter \"rendered as a premium quality personal car.\" Subaru introduced a new compact coupe as a genuine two-door hardtop with the Subaru Leone in 1971. The pillarless hardtop models were more expensive and luxurious than the sedan versions. In the 1980s, Toyota continued the design with the Mark II, Nissan with its Laurel, and Mazda marketing its Luce. Various European manufacturers have produced hardtops without B-pillars (usually coupes), however they are rarely marketed as pillarless hardtops. Examples include the current Bentley Continental GT, the 2008 Bentley Brooklands, the 2001-2003 Renault Avantime and the 2012-current Ford B-Max (excluding models sold in the United States). The 1958-1964 Facel Vega Excellence is one of few four-door hardtops produced in Europe. British pillarless hardtops included the Sunbeam Rapier and the Ford Consul Capri (355) which, unlike American models, sold fewer cars than their regular center pillar saloon versions. The New Mini has been marketed as a hardtop in the United States, although it does have a B-pillar, which is disguised by being painted black. Hardtop A hardtop is a rigid form of automobile roof, which for modern cars is typically constructed from metal. A hardtop roof can be either fixed (ie not removable), detachable for separate storing or retractable within the", "Continental GT, the 2008 Bentley Brooklands, the 2001-2003 Renault Avantime and the 2012-current Ford B-Max (excluding models sold in the United States). The 1958-1964 Facel Vega Excellence is one of few four-door hardtops produced in Europe. British pillarless hardtops included the Sunbeam Rapier and the Ford Consul Capri (355) which, unlike American models, sold fewer cars than their regular center pillar saloon versions. The New Mini has been marketed as a hardtop in the United States, although it does have a B-pillar, which is disguised by being painted black. Hardtop A hardtop is a rigid form of automobile roof, which for modern cars is typically constructed from metal. A hardtop roof can be either fixed (ie not removable), detachable for separate storing or retractable within the vehicle itself. \"Pillarless hardtop\" (often referred to as simply \"hardtop\") is a body style of cars without a B-pillar, which are often styled to give the appearance of a convertible. A detachable hardtop is" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Ray Mack Raymond James Mack (born Raymond James Mlckovsky on August 31, 1916 – May 7, 1969) was a second baseman in Major League Baseball from 1938 to 1946 with the Cleveland Indians (with 2,629 at bats) and in 1947 with the New York Yankees (0 AB's) and the Chicago Cubs (78 AB's). He attended Case School of Applied Science, now known as Case Western Reserve University, where he was known as an outstanding football player, earning the nickname the \"Case Ace.\" In fact, he was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the 1938 NFL Draft, but declined professional football to play his passion of baseball. After playing semipro baseball, we was eventually scouted and signed by the Cleveland Indians in 1938. Mack was born in Cleveland, Ohio. Listed as tall and , he was known more for his fielding than his hitting, teaming up with Cleveland shortstop Lou Boudreau for a great double play combination in the early 1940s. Mack was selected to the 1940 American League All-Star team and pinch hit for starting second baseman Joe Gordon in the eighth inning. Mack struck out against Larry French of the Cubs and handled no chances in the field as the AL bowed, 4–0, at Sportsman's Park. Ironically, Gordon would succeed Mack as the Indians' regular second baseman in . Mack ended with a .966 career fielding percentage and helped complete 597 double plays. He saved Bob Feller's 1940 opening day no-hitter with a diving stop on the final out. After the season, Mack was traded to the Yankees by new Indians' owner Bill Veeck. It was one of many deals orchestrated by Veeck, but in it Cleveland obtained pitcher Gene Bearden, who would pitch the Tribe to the 1948 pennant as a rookie. In a nine-season career, he had a batting average of .232 with 34 home runs and 278 RBIs. He stole 35 bases, scored 273 runs, and accumulated 113 doubles and 24 triples. He had 629 career hits in 2707 at-bats. Mack died in Bucyrus, Ohio. His son, Tom played for the Los Angeles Rams in the National Football League and was inducted into the NFL Hall of Fame in 1999. Ray, too, had the option of playing football, but passed it up for baseball. Ray Mack Raymond James Mack (born Raymond James Mlckovsky on August 31, 1916 – May 7, 1969) was a second baseman in" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Sai Gundewar Sai Gundewar (born Saiprasad Gundewar; 22 February 1978) is an Indian actor, model, voiceover artist and an entrepreneur. His popularity rose in 2010 after his participation in the hit Reality TV show MTV Splitsvilla, Season 4. That appearance led to his casting in the Indian franchise of the American hit Reality show, \"Survivor\" on Star Plus India in 2011. He is perhaps best known for appearing in movies such as \"David\" (2013); \"I, Me Aur Main\" (2013); Baazaar (2018) and many more. He has also starred in many commercials on Indian television. Gundewar is also a co-founder of Foodizm - a healthy meal delivery service in Mumbai, India. Due to his interest in acting and business, he likes to be referred to as an ACTORpreneur. Unable to obtain a green card or work permit in the United States, Gundewar returned to India in 2007. Since then he has gone on to play cameos in films such as \"Yuvvraaj\", and \"P.K.\" and acted in many TVCs. His determination and his unique look landed him on popular reality shows such as MTV India's \"Splitsvilla\" Season 4. Sai Gundewar Sai Gundewar (born Saiprasad Gundewar; 22 February 1978) is an Indian actor," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Valentin Berlinsky Valentin Berlinsky (January 19, 1925 – December 15, 2008) was a Russian cellist. He was a member of the world-famous Borodin Quartet in 1945 and was a member until 2007. He was the only Quartet member to have played in it from the beginning. Berlinsky played for the Borodin Quartet for 60 years, making him the longest-serving member of what \"The New York Times\" described as being \"by all accounts the longest continuously playing\" string quartet in the world. The group originally came together in 1945 as the Moscow Conservatoire Quartet with Mstislav Rostropovich on cello, Rostislav Dubinsky and Nina Barshai on first and second violins and Rudolf Barshai on viola, all members of a class taken by Mikhail Terian, the viola player of the Comitas Quartet. However, after a couple of weeks Rostropovich found he was too busy and nominated Berlinsky in his place. They signed an oath of allegiance in their own blood which Berlinsky retained. He also maintained a complete log of their many performances. The quartet first met Dmitri Shostakovich in 1946 and became his interpreter. The group was known for its performances of all 15 quartets in the Shostakovich quartet cycle at concert halls around the world, including in 1994 at Alice Tully Hall in New York City. The quartet was one of the Soviet Union's best known in the West during the Cold War era, through concert performances in the United States and Europe and through distribution of their recordings. As one of the most revered groups during the Communist era, the quartet performed at the funerals of both Joseph Stalin and Sergei Prokofiev, who both died on March 5, 1953. After 20 years with the same line-up difficult times followed in the 1970s: Dubinsky emigrated to the West in 1976 and the second violinist, Jaroslav Alexandrov, retired through ill-health. Having recruited replacements, Berlinsky insisted that the ensemble spend two years out of sight until the Borodin sound had been fully recreated. Berlinsky was a very loyal Russian. In 2000 he said: \"I have never condemned those who left. It's difficult to describe in words why I stayed, but for me it was nothing to do with cheap patriotism. It was just that Russia is my fatherland; I couldn't imagine living anywhere else.\" For much of his life he taught at the Gnessin School of Music in Moscow, nurturing many talented young players. Berlinsky was born in Irkutsk, Siberia, on January 19, 1925. He took violin lessons from his father, who had been a pupil of Leopold Auer and who, with his three brothers, played as the Berlinsky Quartet in that part of the Soviet Union. He was soon sent to Moscow to study at the Moscow Conservatory. He had one daughter, Ludmila Valentinovna Berlinskaya. Valentin Berlinsky retired from the Borodin Quartet in September 2007, and was succeeded by his protégé, Vladimir Balshin, but he still remained the group's mentor. Berlinsky died at age 83 on the night of December 15, 2008, in Moscow, after a long illness. Berlinsky, V.A. Concert Master-Class: Beethoven/Shostakovich String Quartets performed by the Dominant Quartet. Rusico DVD (NTSC) 2002 Valentin Berlinsky Valentin Berlinsky (January 19, 1925 – December 15, 2008) was a Russian cellist. He was a member of the world-famous Borodin Quartet in 1945 and was a member until 2007. He was the only Quartet member to have played in it from the beginning. Berlinsky played for the Borodin Quartet for 60 years, making him the longest-serving member of what \"The New York Times\" described as being \"by all accounts the longest continuously playing\" string quartet" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Phil Hancock Phillip Ranson Hancock (born October 30, 1953) is an American professional golfer who formerly played on the PGA Tour. Hancock learned to play golf growing up in Greenville, Alabama from his father, a local dentist. Hancock and his friends would often play 45 or 54 holes in the summer time. He won his first tournament at the 1969 Alabama State Junior Championship at age 16. After high school, Hancock accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Buster Bishop's Florida Gators men's golf team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition from 1973 to 1976. During his freshman year, the Gators golf team, which included future PGA Tour members Andy Bean, Gary Koch and Woody Blackburn, won the 1973 NCAA Championship. As a Gator golfer, Hancock received All-SEC honors for four consecutive years (second-team in 1973 and 1974; first-team in 1975 and 1976), and was an All-American in 1974, 1975 and 1976. He won the SEC individual championship in 1975 and 1976, and was the winner of the Haskins Award in 1976. He graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor's degree in public relations in 1976, and was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a \"Gator Great\" in 1992. Hancock turned professional in 1976 and played briefly in Europe his first year, after failing to earn a spot on the PGA Tour by a single stroke in qualifying school. He joined the PGA Tour the following year. Hancock played full-time on the PGA Tour from 1977 to 1985; his career was plagued by long absences due to back ailments. After leaving the tour, he has held various teaching and club professional jobs in Florida and Alabama. Hancock lives in Montgomery, Alabama, and works as a club and teaching professional at Indian Pines Golf Course in Auburn, Alabama. Phil Hancock Phillip Ranson Hancock (born October 30, 1953) is an American professional golfer who formerly played on the PGA Tour. Hancock learned to play golf growing up in Greenville, Alabama from his father, a local dentist. Hancock and his friends would often play 45 or 54 holes in the summer time. He won his first tournament at the 1969 Alabama State Junior Championship at age 16. After high school, Hancock accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Crib Point, Victoria Crib Point is a town in, Victoria, Australia, as a part of the urban enclave on Western Port comprising Bittern, Crib Point, Hastings, Tyabb, and Somerville. Its local government area is the Shire of Mornington Peninsula. Crib Point is served by three railway stations: Morradoo, Crib Point and Stony Point, the latter of which is the terminus of the greater-metropolitan Stony Point line. Crib Point Post Office opened on 18 July 1890. The town has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Mornington Peninsula Nepean Football League. It is situated near the HMAS Cerberus naval base. It is situated opposite a park that has a long stretch of mangroves. The Victorian Maritime Centre is situated at 220 The Esplanade, Crib Point [www.maritimecentre.com.au] The museum houses many artifacts of both the Royal Australian Navy and the Merchant Navy. A great place to visit. Opening times: Saturday & Sunday 10am to 3pm. Crib Point has an oceanic climate with relative small thermal differences between seasons, but is still prone to temperature extremes upon northerly winds both in summer and winter. Crib Point, Victoria Crib Point is a town in, Victoria, Australia, as a part of the urban enclave" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Chachoengsao Chachoengsao (, ) is a town (\"thesaban mueang\") in central Thailand, capital of Chachoengsao Province. It is on the banks of the Bang Pakong River. It includes \"tambon\" Na Mueang and parts of Ban Mai, Bang Tin Pet, Wang Takhian, and Sothon of Mueang Chachoengsao District. In 2006, it had a population of 60,893. The town was established in 1549 during the reign of King Maha Chakkrapat of Ayutthaya and originally was a centre for military recruitment. During the reign of King Maha Thammaracha, the kingdom was in a weak condition due to being defeated by the Burmese. Phraya Lawaek, the Khmer king, conscripted Thais from several towns including Chachoengsao to be in his work force. Chachoengsao is sometimes referred to as \"Paet Riu\", a name derived from large fish locally caught in the past. Paet Riu literally means \"eight cuts\" or slices which refers to the way the fish was cooked and served as a local dish in Chachoengsao. The town is about 50 km east of Bangkok and can be accessed by train. Chachoengsao has a history dating back to the reign of King Borommatrailokkanat in the Ayutthaya Kingdom. Most people settled by the Bang Pakong River and along canals. \"Luangpho Phuttha Sothon\" is a centre of faith of the people of Paet Riu. In the past, Chachoengsao was a fourth class city under the ministry of defence. During the reign of King Rama I, it was attached to the ministry of the interior. Until the reign of King Rama V, who changed the administration system, Chachoengsao became a city. In 1916, its status was changed from a city to a province. \"Chachoengsao\" is a Khmer word which means 'deep canal'. The western part of the province is the low river plain of the Bang Pa Kong River, which is used extensively for farming rice. To the east is more hilly terrain, with an average elevation of more than 100 m. The provincial seal shows the main hall of the Sothornvararamvoraviharn Temple. In this hall is the most important Buddha image of the province, called \"Luang Por Buddha Sothorn\". The provincial tree is \"Peltophorum dasyrachis\". The tree was assigned to the province by Queen Sirikit on the 50th anniversary of the coronation of King Rama IX in 2000. The provincial flower is the yellow flamboyant (\"Peltophorum pterocarpum\"). The provincial slogan is \"The bountiful Bang Pakong River, the sacred Buddha image of Luangpho Sothon, Phraya Si Sunthon the scholar of Thai language, and the Pristine Ang Rue Nai Forest\" Chachoengsao Chachoengsao (, ) is a town (\"thesaban mueang\") in central Thailand, capital of Chachoengsao Province. It is on the banks of the Bang Pakong River. It includes \"tambon\" Na Mueang and parts of Ban Mai, Bang Tin Pet, Wang Takhian, and Sothon of Mueang Chachoengsao District. In 2006, it had a population of 60,893. The town was established in 1549 during the reign of King Maha Chakkrapat of Ayutthaya and originally was a centre for military recruitment. During" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "1906 Paraguayan Primera División season The following article presents a summary of the 1906 football (soccer) season in Paraguay. Shortly after the foundation of the governing body of football, the Liga Paraguaya de Fútbol (known today as Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol) on June 18, the first championship was organized with the participation of the five original founding clubs and Club 14 de Mayo. The first match was played on July 8 between Olimpia and Guaraní, resulting in a 1-1 tie. Salvador Melián of Guaraní has the honor of being the first scorer in Paraguayan league history, while Miguel Díaz of Olimpia was the second scorer in the 1-1 tie match. Guaraní was the first Paraguayan champion. The tournament was played between six teams in a two round all-play-all system, being the team with the most points at the end of the two rounds the champion. Guaraní played 10 games, winning 8, drawing 2 and not losing any of them. 1906 Paraguayan Primera División season The following article presents a summary of the 1906 football (soccer) season in Paraguay. Shortly after the foundation of the governing body of football, the Liga Paraguaya de Fútbol (known today as Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol)" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Quotient stack In algebraic geometry, a quotient stack is a stack that parametrizes equivariant objects. Geometrically, it generalizes a quotient of a scheme or a variety by a group: a quotient variety, say, would be a coarse approximation of a quotient stack. The notion is of fundamental importance in the study of stacks: a stack that arises in nature is often either a quotient stack itself or admits a stratification by quotient stacks (e.g., a Deligne–Mumford stack.) A quotient stack is also used to construct other stacks like classifying stacks. An orbifold is an example of a quotient stack. A quotient stack is defined as follows. Let \"G\" be an affine smooth group scheme over a scheme \"S\" and \"X\" a \"S\"-scheme on which \"G\" acts. Let formula_1 be the category over the category of \"S\"-schemes: Suppose the quotient formula_2 exists as an algebraic space (for example, by the Keel–Mori theorem). The canonical map that sends a bundle \"P\" over \"T\" to a corresponding \"T\"-point, need not be an isomorphism of stacks; that is, the space \"X/G\" is usually coarser. The canonical map is an isomorphism if and only if the stabilizers are trivial (in which case formula_2 exists.) In general, formula_1 is an Artin stack (also called algebraic stack). If the stabilizers of the geometric points are finite and reduced, then it is a Deligne–Mumford stack. Remark: It is possible to approach the construction from the point of view of simplicial sheaves; cf. 9.2. of Jardine's \"local homotopy theory\". If formula_6 with trivial action of \"G\" (often \"S\" is a point), then formula_7 is called the classifying stack of \"G\" (in analogy with the classifying space of \"G\") and is usually denoted by \"BG\". Borel's theorem describes the cohomology ring of the classifying stack. Example: Let \"L\" be the Lazard ring; i.e., formula_8. Then the quotient stack formula_9 by formula_10, is called the moduli stack of formal group laws, denoted by formula_12. Some other references are Quotient stack In algebraic geometry, a quotient stack is a stack that parametrizes equivariant objects. Geometrically, it generalizes a quotient of a scheme or a variety by a group: a quotient variety, say, would be a coarse approximation of a quotient stack. The notion is of fundamental importance in the study of stacks: a stack that arises in nature is often either a quotient stack itself or admits a stratification by quotient stacks" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Albert Gjerdrum Albert Ehrensvärd Gjerdrum (22 June 1869 – 24 February 1954) was a Norwegian jurist. He was born in Kristiania as a son of Carl Ferdinand Gjerdrum, nephew of Jørgen and Otto Gjerdrum and grandson of Ole Gjerdrum. Together with Ovidia Kloumann he had the son Carl Ferdinand Gjerdrum, who was killed during the Second World War. He finished his secondary education in 1888 and took the cand.jur. degree in 1893. He was a deputy judge in Farsund from 1894 to 1895, junior solicitor and attorney from 1895 and lawyer from 1901. He was an attorney for Bøndernes Bank, Arbeidernes Landsbank and Spareskillingsbanken. His law firm was called \"A. Gjerdrum og C. F. Gjerdrum\", and had its offices in the Oslo's main street Karl Johans gate. He was also an acting judge in Oslo City Court from 1898 to 1909, and was also a defender in Oslo Court of Appeal. He handled several profiled criminal cases in his time, such as the Mossin case and the Aasheim case. In the 1920s he also lectured in civil law at the Royal Frederick University, and issued the book \"Utsigt over den nye Civilprosess\". He was a board member of the Norwegian Bar Association from 1930, and also a member of public boards and commissions. He received the King's Medal of Merit in gold in 1947. He died in February 1954. Albert Gjerdrum Albert Ehrensvärd Gjerdrum (22 June 1869 – 24 February 1954) was a Norwegian jurist. He was born in Kristiania as a son of Carl Ferdinand Gjerdrum, nephew of Jørgen and Otto Gjerdrum and grandson of Ole Gjerdrum. Together with Ovidia Kloumann he had the son Carl Ferdinand Gjerdrum, who was killed during the Second World War. He finished his secondary education in 1888 and took the cand.jur. degree in" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Sarisophora leucoscia Sarisophora leucoscia is a moth in the Lecithoceridae family. It is found in Australia (including Queensland) and New Zealand. The wingspan is about 15 mm. The forewings are whitish suffused with fuscous, leaving the basal costal area, a median streak, and much of the central area whitish. There is a broad rounded dark-fuscous dorsal patch from near the base to beyond the middle. The discal spots are dark-fuscous, the first discal at one-third, the second discal just beyond the middle, the plical included in the dorsal patch. A dark-fuscous subcostal line is found from the base to one-fourth and there are some dark fuscous scales on the postmedian veins. The hindwings are pale grey. Sarisophora leucoscia Sarisophora leucoscia is a moth in the Lecithoceridae family. It is found in Australia (including Queensland) and New Zealand. The wingspan is about 15 mm. The forewings are whitish suffused with fuscous, leaving the basal costal area, a median streak, and much of the central area whitish. There is a broad rounded dark-fuscous dorsal patch from near the base to beyond the middle. The discal spots are dark-fuscous, the first discal at one-third, the second discal just beyond the middle, the plical" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "The Defamation of Strickland Banks The Defamation of Strickland Banks is the second studio album from English singer and rapper Plan B. It was released on 12 April 2010 by 679 Recordings. The album is a departure from the sound heard on Plan B's debut album \"Who Needs Actions When You Got Words\", providing a showcase for the rapper's singing. Lyrically the album's songs tell the fictitious tale of one Strickland Banks, a sharp-suited British soul singer who finds fame with bitter-sweet love songs like the album's opener \"Love Goes Down\", only to have it slip through his fingers when sent to prison for a crime he did not commit. The album received generally positive reviews from music critics. It produced the singles \"Stay Too Long\", \"She Said\", \"Prayin'\", The Recluse\", \"Love Goes Down\", \"Writing's on the Wall\" and \"Hard Times\". The album has sold 1.4 million copies in the UK as of May 2018. Drew had always wanted to make his second album as a concept album and he had previously abandoned an attempt to make a hip hop follow up to his debut \"Who Needs Actions When You Got Words\". After learning more about the technical aspects of singing and having written some soul songs such as \"Love Goes Down\", which was written whilst supporting The Roots on tour in 2006, Plan B came up with the concept of a story about a soul singer who gets sent to prison. He commenced recording of the album in which half the songs were hip hop tracks narrated by Plan B and the other half were soul songs told through the eyes of the fictional character Strickland Banks, however this idea was scrapped because the two genres did not work well together and the label 679 Artists thought the idea was too confusing. Hence the album was split into two records and it was agreed that the soul record would be released as Plan B's second studio album. The sound of the album was influenced by Paul Epworth who produced the demo version of \"Writing's on the Wall\", although the majority of the album was recorded with producers David McEwan and Eric Appapoulay at The Sanctuary, London. Production took more than two years due to the simultaneous work on the hip hop and soul albums. The album tells the story from the first-hand perspective of Strickland Banks, a fictional character played by Plan B. The album's opening tracks, \"Love Goes Down\" and \"Writing's on the Wall\", are love songs sung by Strickland Banks at a concert. \"Stay Too Long\" follows him and his entourage as they celebrate the success of his concert with a night out which culminates in him having a one-night stand with a woman. In \"She Said\", it is learned that this woman is obsessed with his music and believes herself to be in love with him. He rejects her so she alleges that he raped her. The subsequent trial results in his incarceration, and in \"Welcome to Hell\" he is sent to prison, and much of the rest of the album is about his experience inside. Throughout the course of the songs \"Hard Times\" and \"The Recluse\", Strickland gets more isolated and insecure throughout as he struggles to cope with prison life. This results in his abuse at the hands of other prisoners, resulting in him purchasing a shiv on the prison black market throughout the course of \"Traded in My Cigarettes\". In \"Prayin'\" he is confronted by another prisoner who attacks him. With the help of another inmate Strickland kills the attacker in self-defence, with the other inmate taking the blame, and is burdened with this guilt during \"Darkest Place\". The next two tracks, \"Free\" and \"I Know a Song\" detail initially his anger, then his acceptance of his life inside prison. In the last track, \"What You Gonna Do\", Strickland is in court again as new evidence has been brought up on his case. The album finishes with the listener not sure of whether he is sent back to prison or released, leaving it open to interpretation. \"Stay Too Long\" was released as the first single from the album on 8 January 2010. It entered the UK Singles Chart on 17 January 2010, where it reached a peak of No. 9. It also peaked at No. 3 on the UK R&B Chart, making it Drew's first Top 10 single. \"She Said\" was released as the second single from the album, on 24 February 2010. It reached No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart on 4 April 2010 as well as peaking at No. 1 on the UK R&B Chart, making it Drew's biggest selling single to date. \"Prayin'\" was released as the third single from the album, on 9 July 2010. It climbed up the chart. before peaking at No. 16 on the UK Singles Chart. It also peaked at No. 9 on the UK R&B Chart, and overall, is Drew's second biggest single. \"The Recluse\" was released as the fourth single from the album on 4 October 2010. The single peaked at No. 35 on the UK Singles Chart, and at No. 19 on the UK R&B Chart, making it Drew's fourth consecutive Top 40 hit, and fifth overall. \"Love Goes Down\" was released as the fifth single from the album on 3 December 2010. It was later added to the A-List BBC Radio 1 Playlist, and peaked at No. 62 on the UK Singles Chart, making it Drew's worst performing single to date. \"She Said\" / \"Prayin\" was released a digital download medley single on 20 February 2011 after Drew performed the medley at the 2011 BRIT Awards. It charted at No. 72 on the UK Singles Chart. The medley also includes an excerpt of \"The Ballad of Belmarsh\". \"Writing's on the Wall\" was released as the sixth single from the album on 7 March 2011. The single did not chart on the UK Singles Chart. Two versions of the music video were released; the first available in February 2010. \"Hard Times\" was released as the album's seventh and final single on 19 May 2011. The single version features newly recorded vocals from Elton John and Paloma Faith and peaked at No. 147 on the UK Singles Chart, in aid of Drew's chosen charity. \"The Defamation of Strickland Banks\" is intended to be made into a musical film directed by Plan B himself. It was originally conceived as a short film to be released alongside the album and the original trailer was uploaded online in late 2009. The film intends to incorporate all the music videos from \"The Defamation of Strickland Banks\" and \"The Ballad of Belmarsh\" with scenes of dialogue. Kelly Brook and Roger Daltrey have also been rumoured to have roles in the film. A second film trailer was uploaded to YouTube in February 2011. Upon its release, \"The Defamation of Strickland Banks\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 75, based on 16 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\". The critics tended to compare this work with Plan B's previous album, \"Who Needs Actions When You Got Words\", from four years earlier. The change from \"spectacularly violent soliloquies\" on his debut to crooning soul on his second effort caught some reviewers by surprise, though not all unhappily. Ian Wade of the BBC gave the album and Plan B great praise, calling it \"tremendous work\", admiring its range, as for example \"on 'Welcome to Hell' he trills like a scared-to-pick-up-the-soap-in-the-prison-shower Smokey Robinson, while 'Hard Times' and 'Love Goes Down' are just lovely – anyone operating in the greasy world of pop would give a limb for such songs.\" For Pete Paphides of \"The Times\", \"Defamation\" deserved 4 out of 5 stars. \"The Guardian\"s Alexis Petridis gave it 3 out of 5 stars. Though dissatisfied with the its concept and \"gaping holes in the album's plot\", he said, \"Drew's reinvention suits him. The strength of his voice was understandably overlooked on his debut, but it comes into its own here: a high, aching croon that adds an appealing touch of self-doubt to the hardest-hitting lyrics. Rather than simply drafting in Mark Ronson to add a retro-soul veneer, he's clearly studied the source material: the result is a string of uniformly well-done Smokey Robinson pastiches. In a neat touch, the bleaker Strickland", "and 'Love Goes Down' are just lovely – anyone operating in the greasy world of pop would give a limb for such songs.\" For Pete Paphides of \"The Times\", \"Defamation\" deserved 4 out of 5 stars. \"The Guardian\"s Alexis Petridis gave it 3 out of 5 stars. Though dissatisfied with the its concept and \"gaping holes in the album's plot\", he said, \"Drew's reinvention suits him. The strength of his voice was understandably overlooked on his debut, but it comes into its own here: a high, aching croon that adds an appealing touch of self-doubt to the hardest-hitting lyrics. Rather than simply drafting in Mark Ronson to add a retro-soul veneer, he's clearly studied the source material: the result is a string of uniformly well-done Smokey Robinson pastiches. In a neat touch, the bleaker Strickland Banks's story becomes, the lovelier the melodies.\". John Freeman, writing for \"Clash\", gave it a 7/10 rating, while suggesting that the style change. \"NME\"s Sam Wolfson gave the album a rating of 6 out of 10, and expressed regret at Plan B's move into new territory. At \"The Telegraph\", Thomas H Green gave it 4 out of 5 stars, calling it \"accessible, polished and brimming with verve\". He closed his review saying, \"The rapping hasn't been completely abandoned, either, but the emphasis here is on his sweet soul voice and a thumping Motown groove, an intriguing change of direction that's both passionate and populist.\" On 18 April 2010, the album debuted on the UK Albums Chart at No. 1, selling 68,173 copies in its first week and a further 47,950 in its second week. It was the 5th biggest selling album of 2010 in the United Kingdom, with sales of 826,400. As of May 2018, the album has sold 1.4 million copies in the UK. Note Production Additional musicians Managerial and design !scope=\"row\"|Europe (IFPI) !scope=\"row\"|United Kingdom (BPI) The Defamation of Strickland Banks The Defamation of Strickland Banks is" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Tau (rapper) Piotr Kowalczyk (Polish pronunciation: ) (born June 25, 1986), better known under his stage name Tau (), and formerly as Medium (), is a Polish rapper, vocalist, beatboxer and hip-hop producer. In 2008, he released his underground debut album \"Seans spirytystyczny\" (\"Séance\") under the name Medium. His next underground album \"Alternatywne źródło energii\" (\"Alternative Energy Source\") was released in 2010, which helped Medium to be spotted by Marcin \"Tytus\" Grabski, CEO of Asfalt Records, who offered him a contract. On November 22, 2011, Tau released his official debut album (performing as Medium) titled \"Teoria równoległych wszechświatów\" (\"The Theory of Parallel Universes\"), which, despite slight promotion, sold over eight thousand copies in Poland. In 2012 Tau announced that he had converted to Christianity. A few months later he released his second album \"Graal\" (\"Holy Grail\"). The album was highly criticized by many reviewers due to its radical lyrics. In 2013, Medium and producer Galus formed a one-album-group Egzegeza. The album \"Księga słów\" (\"The Book of Words\") was released on June 28, 2013 in a limited number of copies. On December 6, 2013, Medium announced that he had changed his pseudonym to Tau due to the fact that his name Medium may have been seen as connected to mediumship practice, which is in opposition to Christian philosophy. A few days later, on December 13, 2013, he declared that he left Asfalt Records in order to form his own label, Bozon Records. On December 3, 2014, Tau released his first studio album under his new name, titled \"Remedium\". The album peaked at #4 on the OLiS chart, having sold over fifteen thousand copies the album went gold. On August 10, 2015, Tau posted a picture on his Facebook profile with a caption that he had finished making a new album. A few days later he said that it is almost sure that the album would be released in November 2015. On October 21, 2015, Tau revealed that his new project was to be titled \"Restaurator\" and it was going to be released on December 15, 2015. On December, 2015, Tau said he also was writing an autobiography entitled \"Odszukany\" (pol. \"Found\"). In 2016 rapper stopped touring, saying that he wanted to focus on his new project that he had been working on for a while. On January 8, 2017, a single entitled \"ON\" was released which was to announce a new album and launching a new charitable foundation, both known as \"On\". On February 28, 2017, the second single \"Newsletter\" was released. \"ON\" was eventually released on May 26, 2017 as a double album, which was divided into two parts entitled \"On\" and \"Off\". The album debuted at #1 on the OLiS chart. Tau (rapper) Piotr Kowalczyk (Polish pronunciation: ) (born June 25, 1986), better known under his stage name Tau (), and formerly as Medium (), is a Polish rapper, vocalist, beatboxer and hip-hop producer. In 2008, he released his underground debut album \"Seans spirytystyczny\" (\"Séance\") under the name Medium." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Dorothy Proctor Dorothy Proctor is a Canadian author and activist noted for drawing attention to scientific experimentation on Canadian prisoners. Proctor was born in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. In 1961, she was sentenced to three years at the Prison for Women in Kingston, Ontario after being convicted of robbery as a teenager. She escaped from the facility on two occasions. After the second escape, Proctor alleges she became a subject in a prison psychology experiment involving the administration of electroshock therapy, sensory deprivation, and LSD. She described the experience as akin to Dante's \"Inferno\". In 1994, Proctor published her autobiography, \"Chameleon: The Lives of Dorothy Proctor\", in collaboration with Fred Rosen, a professor of journalism at Hofstra University. In it she described being involved in prostitution and the drug trade from a young age. She wrote of working with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and \"claims to have played a major role in breaking up Chinese, Jamaican and Europe-to-Canada drug-smuggling rings and exposing corrupt Mounties\", as well as infiltrating the Mafia and a Sikh terrorist cell. Proctor sued Correctional Service Canada in 1995 for C$5 million in damages. She testified that \"she was targeted by researchers because she was viewed as a 'throwaway'\", and that her treatment in prison had resulted in a drug addiction and brain damage. Although Proctor's suit was ultimately settled out of court in 2002, it led to significant media attention on the issue, and a number of former inmates at both the women's prison and the Kingston Penitentiary came forward with similar claims, along with allegations that they had been the subject of clinical pharmaceutical trials. Ultimately, hundreds of prisoners were found to have been subjected to scientific experimentation in Canadian prisons through the 1960s and 1970s. Dorothy Proctor Dorothy Proctor is a" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Aravella Simotas Aravella Simotas (born October 9, 1978) is an American politician and a member of the Democratic Party, who currently represents parts of western Queens, including Astoria and parts of Long Island City in the New York State Assembly. She is the first woman elected to office from her district, and is the first Greek-American woman elected to office in New York. Simotas was born in Rhodesia. She immigrated to the United States from Greece and settled in Astoria with her parents and brother when she was an infant. She graduated from P.S. 17, Junior H.S. 126, and William C. Bryant High School. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree (summa cum laude) from Fordham University in 1999, followed by a law degree from the Fordham University School of Law in 2002. During law school, she was the managing editor at the \"Fordham Environmental Law Journal\". She first gained notice as the moderator at a Law Journal panel about citing electric generators in New York City under New York energy law. Simotas began her career in public service as a district representative for Speaker of the New York City Council, Peter Vallone, Sr. and later for New York City Council member Peter Vallone, Jr. While at law school, she also worked at the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, where she developed a passion for environmental advocacy. After law school, Simotas served as a law clerk at the United States Court of International Trade. She later practiced law at Bickel & Brewer and worked with the Bickel & Brewer Storefront, \"an organization that provides legal representation to the economically challenged.\" Simotas served as a member of the Queens Community Planning Board 1 and the United Community Civic Association. Simotas was first elected to office in 2010. She received the Democratic Party nomination and ran unopposed in the November 2, 2010 general election. Simotas was unopposed in the 2012 Democratic primary. In the general election, she ran on both the Democratic and Working Families Party lines, and was opposed by Republican Julia Haitch. According to preliminary results collected by the \"Daily News\", Simotas won re-election to the State Assembly, for the new District 36, in the general election on November 6, 2012 with 84% of the vote. Simotas's Committee Assignments as of 2014 include: In 2014, Simotas was named Chair of the Assembly's Task Force on Women's Issues. The Task Force works closely with Assembly committees, subcommittees, and other task forces on a number of matters that directly impact the lives of New York's women. Simotas's \"Rape is Rape\" legislation, first proposed in 2012, has gained national attention. The bill, which passed the Assembly in 2013, would redefine and expand the definition of rape in New York, eliminating unnecessary distinctions in the current legal definition. Each March, Simotas and Representative Carolyn Maloney present awards for Women's History Month to three notable women at a \"\"Celebrating the Women of Western Queens\"\" event. Award recipients have included local women leaders in the fields of public service, community organizing, education, public health, philanthropy, and small business. In January 2014, legislation introduced by Simotas to protect gas and electric utility consumers passed the Assembly. Simotas's bill ensures a customer's right to an actual meter reading upon discontinuation of service and mandates that utilities companies are transparent and forthcoming about this right when doing business. Under current law, customers may be charged based on estimated usage, which can result in customer overcharges that fail to be corrected or refunded. Throughout her first and second terms, Simotas worked with local organizations, schools, and businesses to promote green development and sustainability projects throughout western Queens. In 2013, Simotas met with students from the Global Kids organization to discuss climate change, and a few weeks later was present for the ribbon cutting ceremony at William Cullen Bryant High School's rooftop garden space. She has worked to call for a reduction in waste and pollution throughout city streets, in addition to participating in and promoting annual park clean-up events throughout the district. Simotas has been chairperson of Smart Power NY, a coalition to develop new energy sources for the area, since April 2012. Its first goal was to support the utility NRG Energy with their plan to replace its \"decades-old, dirty\" power plant in Astoria with a newer generator. NRG wants to replace 31 generators with new ones that will increase the megawatts of power while reducing emissions. Emissions would be reduced because the new plants will use natural gas, while the current generators run primarily on oil. While the Smart Power NY coalition was only created in 2012, Simotas noted that she lived in the community her entire life, had \"fought for cleaner power in western Queens for more than a decade\", and had recently become a new mother. Furthermore, \"repowering\" the new plants will create new jobs. As of 2018, of the 19 Astoria facilities listed in the 2018 NYISO Gold Book as being owned by NRG, 7 of the facilities are on the deactivated list (at a total of 140 MW of capacity rights), and 12 of the facilities (at a total of 558 MW in nameplate capacity) have each consistently produced less than 15 GWh a year since 2011. This is equivalent to running at full capacity for less than 4% of the year. These 12 units still collect annual revenues from the NYISO's capacity market for not producing energy. For example, at 6.40 ($/kW - Month), the 12 actively listed facilities would produce an annual capacity market revenue of $42.8 million for NRG. It is unclear if the 7 deactivated units still collect capacity market revenues. In July 2017, NRG filed a request with the New York State Public Service Commission to avoid Article 10 siting procedures for a proposed turbine replacement project which would represent a total proposed capacity of 579 MW. The turbine upgrades listed in the filing are new simple-cycle turbines. The filing states that since the proposed capacity is not 25 MW greater than the existing facility, Article 10 regulation is not required. As of November 2018, no ruling has been issued by the NYSPSC. Simotas has been an advocate for LGBT rights. Annually, she marches in the Queen Pride Parade, and voted in favor of marriage equality in New York, which she termed \"my proudest moment as a legislator and, frankly, as a person...\" Simotas had been a lead sponsor (\"co-sponsor\") of Assembly Bill A08354, which passed the Assembly by an 80–63 vote, later passed the Senate, and was signed into law by Governor Andrew Cuomo. She has also voted for GENDA, the transgender rights bill, Assembly Bill A5039, for which she was a \"multi-sponsor\". She was endorsed by the Empire State Pride Agenda, an LGBT advocacy group, in both her 2010 and 2012 races. She has also garnered the support of individual gay activists, some of whom who have volunteered for her campaigns. She has supported voters' rights, pushing for the allocation of additional polling sites and the expansion of early voting. Simotas led several other public officials in protesting against the anti-immigrant Greek organization, Golden Dawn, which held a recruitment meeting in Queens. Simotas said that the anti-immigrant message was not welcome in her community; she expressed anger because she is an immigrant herself. Simotas has supported the expansion of Mount Sinai Queens hospital, which is undergoing a massive $125 million building project, noting the expanding population of western Queens and the necessity of increased healthcare opportunities to meet the needs of a growing community. In October 2013, Simotas hosted a seminar for Astoria seniors about Medicare, health insurance, and local resources. She has authored legislation in the Assembly to strengthen life insurance (Assembly Bill A02130),", "voting. Simotas led several other public officials in protesting against the anti-immigrant Greek organization, Golden Dawn, which held a recruitment meeting in Queens. Simotas said that the anti-immigrant message was not welcome in her community; she expressed anger because she is an immigrant herself. Simotas has supported the expansion of Mount Sinai Queens hospital, which is undergoing a massive $125 million building project, noting the expanding population of western Queens and the necessity of increased healthcare opportunities to meet the needs of a growing community. In October 2013, Simotas hosted a seminar for Astoria seniors about Medicare, health insurance, and local resources. She has authored legislation in the Assembly to strengthen life insurance (Assembly Bill A02130), to protect pharmacy choice for workers injured on the job (Assembly Bill A02653), and to strengthen regulations affecting children's health by ensuring the right to apply sunscreen at schools (Assembly Bill A02126). In the community, Simotas has participated in several events promoting healthcare causes. In 2013, she was invited to kick off the Quality Services for the Autism Community's annual 5K Run to support those living with autism. Simotas has likewise joined several other public officials at the Senator George Onorato 5K Run, held at Aqueduct Race Track, to bring financial support and services for women with breast or ovarian cancer. She has been endorsed by , a major labor union representing health care workers. An advocate for education and Astoria's students, Simotas has pushed for several initiatives to strengthen schools and augment opportunities for learning. In 2013, Simotas led the push to retain and expand Gifted and Talented programs in her district. She has also supported budget measures to preserve funding for post-secondary education institutions, especially the City University of New York and State University of New York systems, in addition to lauding the passage of universal pre-kindergarten in New York. Simotas has been active in keeping local public schools open and functioning in her district, including Long Island City High School, which has been threatened with closing or \"co-location\" (consolidation) since the early 2010s. She also hosts and regularly visits participants in a variety of Assembly programs to promote reading both during the school year and the summer months. Since taking office, Simotas has worked to protect the character of Astoria neighborhoods and promote the role of community members in determining the shape of their communities. On the heels of a string of proposed adult establishments taking Astoria residents by surprise, Simotas authored the \"Community Full Disclosure Act\" which was signed into law in 2013. The law mandates greater transparency and a stronger community role in the liquor licensing process. Simotas has pushed for cleaner streets in Astoria, calling upon Mayor Bill de Blasio to take action and reduce street waste and litter. She has also advocated on behalf of augmented pedestrian safety measures, homeowners' rights, reduction of train noise near schools, and improved public transit options for commuters. Simotas is married to John Katsanos, and they have one daughter, born in 2012. Aravella Simotas Aravella Simotas (born October 9, 1978) is an American politician and a member of the Democratic Party, who currently represents parts of western" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Archbishop's School Archbishop's School is a mixed-ability Church of England secondary school on a parkland site on the outskirts of Canterbury, Kent in the United Kingdom. It is a school for pupils and students of all abilities from the ages of 11 to 19, and has approximately 850 pupils. The school was 50 years old at the 2007-08 academic year, and had had three headmasters since its inception. The school's pupils are divided into six different houses, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Paul and Peter. The Archbishop's School is situated on St Stephens's Hill, approximately a mile North-West of the city centre. Mr M. Liddicoat was Headteacher. The Friends of Archbishop's is a group that holds fund-raising activities for school supplies, and has given the school mini-buses, a library computer suite and six computer projectors, worth over £10,000. The Archbishop's school helps children who are disabled or have had a difficult start in life. Amongst support for these children, they are given additional time to complete examinations if needed, and provided with papers in alternative format and teaching assistants trained to act as scribes. Children with visual impairments have the use of appropriate computers. Archbishop's School Archbishop's School is a mixed-ability" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Jean Ruel Jean Ruel (1474 – 24 September 1537), also known as Jean Ruelle or Ioannes Ruellius in its Latinised form, was a French physician and botanist noted for the 1536 publication in Paris of \"De Natura Stirpium\", a Renaissance treatise on botany. Ruel was born in Soissons. He was self-taught in Greek and Latin, and studied medicine, graduating in 1508, or, according to other sources in 1502. In 1509 he became physician to Francis I, devoted himself at the same time to a study of botany and pharmacology. He was a professor at the University of Paris, and a large part of his academic career was given to an analysis of Dioscorides' \"De Materia Medica\", of which he published a Latin translation in 1516. Ruel's three-volume \"De Natura Stirpium\", which was published without illustrations, was intended partly as a gloss to the ancient writers. In it he described in great detail not only the habit and habitat, but also the smell and taste of each plant, producing a list in French of a large number of plant names. Although some of his works were compilations or translations of previous authors, they represent the first attempt to popularise botany. His 1530 book \"Hippiatrika\" or \"Veterinariae medicinae\", commissioned by Francis I, is a Latin collation of all that was written in Greek of Veterinary Medicine. Ruel also produced anatomical fugitive sheets of a man and woman in 1539. These sheets were constructed of hinged layers which could be lifted so that internal human anatomy was revealed. Ruell translated a large number of works into Latin, such as the last two volumes of Joannes Actuarius' \"De Methodo Medendi\", which he published under the title \"De Medicamentorum Compositione\" in 1539. After the death of Ruel's wife, Étienne de Poncher the Bishop of Paris, appointed Ruel as canon at Notre Dame de Paris on 12 December 1526, enabling him to pursue his studies. Ruel died in Paris and was buried in Notre-Dame. Charles Plumier, the noted Marseilles botanist named the genus \"Ruellia\" in his honour. Jean Ruel Jean Ruel (1474 – 24 September 1537), also known as Jean Ruelle or Ioannes Ruellius in its Latinised form, was a French physician and botanist noted for the 1536 publication in Paris of \"De Natura Stirpium\", a Renaissance treatise on botany. Ruel was born in Soissons. He was self-taught in Greek and Latin, and studied medicine, graduating" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "1924 Boston Red Sox season The 1924 Boston Red Sox season was the 24th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished seventh in the American League (AL) with a record of 67 wins and 87 losses. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" 1924 Boston Red Sox season The 1924 Boston Red Sox season was the 24th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished seventh in the American League (AL) with a record of 67 wins" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "James S. Ayre James Stewart Ayre (August 15, 1881 – 1953) was a businessman and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Port de Grave in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1932 to 1933. He was born in St. John's and educated at the Methodist College there and at Liverpool College in England. After completing his education, he entered the family business in 1898, becoming a director in 1914 and chairman of the board in 1937. Ayre was also president of the Newfoundland Clothing Company. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Newfoundland assembly in 1924 and in 1928 before being elected in 1932. Ayre resigned his seat in 1933. He served in the Newfoundland Executive Council as a minister without portfolio. Ayre died in St. John's. James S. Ayre James Stewart Ayre (August 15, 1881 – 1953) was a businessman and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Port de Grave in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1932 to 1933. He was born in St. John's and educated at the Methodist College there and at Liverpool College in England. After completing his education, he entered the family business in 1898, becoming a director in" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Association of Indonesia Futsal Academy The Association of Indonesia Futsal Academy, commonly called AAFI (Indonesian: \"Asosiasi Akademi Futsal Indonesia\") is the sole, independent body directly representing youth futsal at Indonesia level. AAFI exists to protect and promote Indonesian youth futsal. Its aim is to create a new, more democratic governance model that truly reflects the key role of youth development in futsal. At the date of March 10, 2013 the association was officially formed as a place for youth futsal player in Indonesia. The Association aims to develop futsal sport since the age of six to sixteen years with regular competitions held annually. The AAFI Executive Board currently stands as such: AAFI covering certain tournament in the inaugural edition in 2013, just compare the two age categories is the category under-13 years of age and under-16 years of age. Association of Indonesia Futsal Academy The Association of Indonesia Futsal Academy, commonly called AAFI (Indonesian: \"Asosiasi Akademi Futsal Indonesia\") is the sole, independent body directly representing youth futsal at Indonesia level. AAFI exists to protect and promote Indonesian youth futsal. Its aim is to create a new, more democratic governance model that truly reflects the key role of youth development in" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "CSPG4 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4, also known as melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP) or neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that in humans is encoded by the \"CSPG4\" gene. CSPG4 plays a role in stabilizing cell-substratum interactions during early events of melanoma cell spreading on endothelial basement membranes. It represents an integral membrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expressed by human malignant melanoma cells. CSPG4/NG2 is also a hallmark protein of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and OPC dysfunction has been implicated as a candidate pathophysiological mechanism of familial schizophrenia. A research group investigating the role of genetics in schizophrenia, reported, two rare missense mutations in \"CSPG4\" gene\",\" segregating within families (\"CSPG4\" and \"CSPG4\" mutations). The researchers also demonstrate that the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived OPCs from \"CSPG4\" mutation carriers exhibited abnormal post-translational processing, subcellular localization of the mutant NG2 protein, aberrant cellular morphology, and a decreased cell viability and myelination potential. \"In vivo\" diffusion tensor imaging of the brain of \"CSPG4\" mutation carriers demonstrated a reduced white matter integrity compared to the unaffected sibling and matched general population controls. CSPG4 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4, also known as melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP) or neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), is" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "An Hoa Combat Base An Hoa Combat Base (also known as Duc Duc) is a former U.S. Marine Corps and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) base west of Hội An in Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam. The base was located approximately 28 km west of Hội An and 4 km west northwest of the Mỹ Sơn temple complex, near to the Tinh Yen River and the An Hoa industrial complex. The base was first used by the Marines in January 1966 during Operation Mallard when the 1st Battalion, 12th Marines established a firebase there while the 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines and a Company from the 2nd Battalion, 9th Marines swept the surrounding area. On 20 April 1966 the Marines returned to An Hoa on Operation Georgia, the 12th Marines reestablished a firebase while the 3rd Battalion 9th Marines provided security, the base would become permanent at this time as the Marines sought to pacify the area. On 6 July 5 Marine Battalions launched Operation Macon around the An Hoa area, the operation continued into October resulting in 24 Marines and 380 Vietcong killed. In August 1966 the Marines completed the construction of the \"Liberty Road\" between Danang and An Hoa. An Hoa base was located southeast of a major Vietcong/People's Army of Vietnam base area known as the Arizona Territory across the Vu Gia River. The airfield was capable of handling C-7, C-123 and C-130 aircraft. Marine PFC Dan Bullock, the youngest American serviceman killed in action in the Vietnam War died at An Hoa on 7 June 1969. The 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines handed over the base to the ARVN 1st Battalion, 51st Regiment on 15 October 1970. The base is abandoned and has reverted to jungle. Remains of the runway can still be seen. An Hoa Combat" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Tawni Cranz Tawni Cranz is an American information technology executive, formerly serving as the Chief Talent Officer of Netflix, a position she had held from October 2012 until April 2017. Cranz went to the University of California, Santa Barbara and graduated with a BA in Psychology. She then attended graduate school at Claremont University's Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management and received an Executive MBA. Cranz worked in Human Resources at Bausch & Lomb and FedEx. She joined Netflix in 2007. In October 2012 she became Chief Talent Officer. In an interview with The Alumni Society, she said, \"I wanted to work in different industries to see how HR makes a meaningful impact in a variety of industries. in each setting. I’ve never worked in the same industry twice. Until now with the move from Cruise to Waymo. I’ve worked in start-ups and in large, established organizations. That variety helps me bring a better perspective, and more unique and innovative approaches to each new role I take.\" While at Netflix, she implemented a policy allowing parental leave during the first year of a child's life. The policy allows a parent, regardless of gender, to take time off or work part time while receiving full salary and benefits. Parents are not required to file for disability or other state coverage to qualify. Tawni Cranz Tawni Cranz is an American information technology executive, formerly serving as the Chief Talent Officer of Netflix, a position she had held from October 2012 until April 2017. Cranz went to the University of California, Santa Barbara and graduated with a BA in Psychology. She then attended graduate school at Claremont University's Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management and received an Executive MBA. Cranz worked in Human Resources at" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Anna Ivanovna Kramer Anna Ivanovna Kramer (1694-1770), was a Russian court official. She was the daughter of a merchant in Narva, and was sent to Siberia as a prisoner of war after the Siege of Narva (1704) during the Great Northern War. She was introduced to the Imperial Russian court by Apraksin, and became favored by Peter the Great and Catherine I of Russia, who appointed her lady-in-waiting and chief of the household of Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia (1714–1728). In 1716, she accompanied them on their European journey. The emperor gave her the task to arrange the burial of the murdered Tsarevich Alexei. She returned to Narva after the death of Tsarevna Natalia Alexeyevna. She was granted the monopoly of selling timber from the forests around Narva, and became a successful merchant who exported 27 000 timbers annually. Anna Ivanovna Kramer Anna Ivanovna Kramer (1694-1770), was a Russian court official. She was the daughter of a merchant in Narva, and was sent to Siberia as a prisoner of war after the Siege of Narva (1704) during the Great Northern War. She was introduced to the Imperial Russian court by Apraksin, and became favored by Peter the Great and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Connecticut Post Mall The Connecticut Post Mall (previously named the Connecticut Post Shopping Center and Westfield Connecticut Post) is a three-story shopping mall, located on the Boston Post Road (Route 1) in Milford, Connecticut. It is currently the largest mall in the state of Connecticut and is partially owned and operated by Centennial Properties. The mall currently houses over 215 retail stores. The anchor stores are Boscov's, Dick's Sporting Goods, Macy's, Sears, and Target. The mall also features a 14 screen Cinemark (formerly Rave Cinemas), including an IMAX theater. The original, open-air mall was built by Sol Atlas and opened in 1960, anchored by a W. & J. Sloane furniture store and a Stop & Shop supermarket at opposite ends. In 1962, the sixth branch of the Alexander's department store chain opened. Following an early fire at the west end of the mall, a Caldor discount store was built as the new anchor. In 1981, the mall was enclosed. The mall underwent a renovation in 1990 which added the Skyview Cafe food court, and lost anchor Alexander's. The Mall strongly opposed the proposed rival New Haven Galleria mall at Long Wharf, filing over 15 lawsuits. A $118 million expansion project took place in 2005–06, adding: In December 2015, Westfield sold Connecticut Post in a $1.1 billon deal involving 5 malls. On March 17, 2017, it was announced that JCPenney would be closing as part of a plan close 138 stores nationwide. The store closed on July 31, 2017. On January 11, 2018, it was announced that Boscov's would be opening in the former JCPenney space on October 6, 2018. On October 15, 2018, it was announced that Sears would also be closing as part of a plan to close 142 stores nationwide. Connecticut Post Mall The Connecticut Post Mall (previously" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Maraş lion The Maraş lion is a Late Hittite sculpture of a lion with a hieroglyphic inscription. It was discovered on the citadel of Kahramanmaraş (formerly Maraş) in 1883 and is displayed in the Kahramanmaraş Archaeological Museum. John David Hawkins assigned it the name \"Maraş 1\", while Winfried Orthmann used \"Maraş B/1\". Massive sculptures of lions are a recurrent feature of Hittite art, especially in the Neo-Hittite period. The lion statue was discovered in 1883 by Carl Humann and Otto Puchstein on their Anatolian travels in the castle of \"Marʿasch\" (modern Kahramanmaraş). A second, uninscribed lion which was slightly larger was left \"in situ\" by one of the fortress gates, while the inscribed lion was taken to the Archaeological Museum in Istanbul. A plaster cast was produced for the Berlin Museums. After many years, the lion was transferred to the Kahramanmaraş Archaeological Museum on 30 August 2013, at the initiative of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (\"Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı\"). The sculpture has been analysed by numerous scholars, including Ekrem Akurgal, Helmuth Theodor Bossert, John David Hawkins and Winfried Orthmann. The basalt sculpture is 0.41 metres high, 0.73 m long and 0.23 m wide. It is in very good condition. The head and the front legs are fully carved in the round; the left side is carved in high relief upon the inscribed plaque between the feet and the body. The right side, backside, left hindquarters and the tail are unworked, probably because they were not visible in the statue's original location by a door or next to another statue. This flat surface continues in a platform on the lion's back. Hawkins therefore suggested that the line was the pedestal for a statue. The round head shows Assyrian influence. Eyes, nose and ears are clearly recognisable. The open mouth is lined with a row of teeth; the largest fangs collide with each other. The stylised mane stretches to its shoulders and halfway down his front legs. Chest hair is also visible in diamond-shaped tufts. Claws and toes are clearly worked on the front paws and are also visible on the back legs. Above the left front leg, in the mane, there is a flat recessed area with a badly damaged figure of a man standing on an animal (probably a lion). This might be the author of the inscribed text. Hawkins understands it as the text's introductory \"amu-figure\" - \"amu\" being the Luwian hieroglyphic EGO-symbol (\"I\"). A six line hieroglyphic inscription begins to the right of this figure, which runs all the way to the lion's tail and continues in a Boustrophedon style over the entire body of the lion and the flat space between its legs. The text breaks off between the front legs at the beginning of a seventh line; it is assumed that the text continued on another surface, either on a statue standing on the lion's back or on a second lion. In the inscription, the author is named as \"Halparuntiyas, King of Gurgam, son of Laramas, grandson of Halparuntiyas, great-grandson of Muwatalli...\". He declares his loyalty to the gods, especially Tarhunzas and Runtija, as well as his veneration of his ancestors, and then he describes his deeds. From the list of ancestors it is possible to identify the ruler as Halparuntiyas III, king of the Neo-Hittite kingdom of Gurgum, whose capital lay on the location of modern Kahramanmaraş. The depiction of the ruler standing atop a lion probably indicates his posthumous divinisation, suggesting that the statue was made in or after the reign of Halparuntiyas III, at the end of the 9th century BC. Maraş lion The Maraş lion is a Late Hittite sculpture of a lion with a hieroglyphic inscription. It was discovered on the citadel of Kahramanmaraş (formerly Maraş) in 1883 and is displayed in the Kahramanmaraş Archaeological Museum. John David Hawkins assigned it the name \"Maraş 1\", while Winfried Orthmann used \"Maraş B/1\". Massive sculptures of lions are a recurrent feature of Hittite art, especially in the Neo-Hittite period. The lion statue was discovered in 1883 by Carl Humann and Otto Puchstein on their Anatolian travels in the castle of \"Marʿasch\" (modern Kahramanmaraş). A second, uninscribed lion which was slightly larger" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Sant'Antonio Abate, Milan Sant'Antonio abate is a Roman Catholic church in Milan, Italy. The church is located on a street running parallel to Via Festa del Perdono. An older church linked to a hospital had operated at the site under the administration of the Augustinian order. The interior of the church was begun in 1582 in Mannerist style. The current appearance of the church is the work of Francesco Maria Richini, who completed the commission in 1630 for the Theatine order. The Neoclassical façade was designed in 1832 by the architect Giuseppe Tazzini. The church contains frescoes by Genovese and his brother Giovanni Battista Carlone; a fresco cycle on the \"Life of the Virgin\" by Giulio Cesare Procaccini (1574-1625), a “Nativity” and “Adoration of the Magi” by Pier Francesco Mazzucchelli, and frescoes by Guglielmo Caccia, depicting scenes from the Old Testament. Sant'Antonio Abate, Milan Sant'Antonio abate is a Roman Catholic church in Milan, Italy. The church is located on a street running parallel to Via Festa del Perdono. An older church linked to a hospital had operated at the site under the administration of the Augustinian order. The interior of the church was begun in 1582 in Mannerist style. The" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Sam E. Haddon Sam Ellis Haddon (born 1937) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Montana. Born in West Monroe, Louisiana, Haddon received a Bachelor of Science from Rice University in 1959 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Montana School of Law in 1965. Haddon was an Immigration Patrol Inspector, United States Border Patrol from 1959 to 1961. He was an Agent, Federal Bureau of Narcotics from 1961 to 1962. He was in private practice in Montana from 1966 to 2001. Adjunct Instructor, University of Montana, School of Law, 1971–present. Haddon is a Senior United States District Judge for the United States District Court for the District of Montana. Haddon was nominated by President George W. Bush on May 17, 2001, to a seat vacated by Charles C. Lovell. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 20, 2001, and received his commission on July 25, 2001. He took senior status on December 31, 2012. Sam E. Haddon Sam Ellis Haddon (born 1937) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Montana. Born in West Monroe, Louisiana," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Brian Green (footballer) Brian Geoffrey Green (5 June 1935 – 14 August 2012) is a former football coach and player. As a player, he competed in the Football League as a forward in the 1950s and 1960s for Rochdale, Southport, Barrow, Exeter City and Chesterfield. Green was later coach of the Australian national football team in 1975 and 1976. Green coached in Norway with Bryne from 1980 to 1982, and with Start in 1986–87. He later also managed Egersunds in division four in two seasons, 1989 and 1991. He also had a spell as a coach in Leeds United. Green's coaching career also included a successful stint at Chester, with the club reaching the semi-finals of the Football League Cup and winning promotion from the Football League Fourth Division in 1974-75 when he worked alongside manager Ken Roberts. Brian Green (footballer) Brian Geoffrey Green (5 June 1935 – 14 August 2012) is a former football coach and player. As a player, he competed in the Football League as a forward in the 1950s and 1960s for Rochdale, Southport, Barrow, Exeter City and Chesterfield. Green was later coach of the Australian national football team in 1975 and 1976. Green coached in" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Turin Brakes Turin Brakes are an English band, comprising original duo Olly Knights and Gale Paridjanian, and long term collaborators Rob Allum and Eddie Myer. They had a UK top 5 hit in 2003 with their song \"Painkiller (Summer Rain)\". Since starting out in 1999, the band have sold around 1 million records worldwide. They are currently signed to Cooking Vinyl. The band was started by longtime friends Knights and Paridjanian. The two met at a young age and spent much of their childhood together. Although they split after Knights went to film school and Paridjanian attempted to form a band in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, they soon reunited and collaborated on what would later become their first EP, \"The Door\", which was eventually released through Anvil Records in 1999 as a limited vinyl release. This led to the band attracting the attention of larger record labels. Source Records would eventually release two more EPs, \"The State of Things EP\" and \"Fight or Flight\", prompting \"NME\" to proclaim \"Turin Brakes inhabit a space which is entirely their own, fully formed and brutally emotive... give them the devotion they deserve.\" Source reissued the song \"The Door\" before releasing their first album, \"The Optimist LP\", in 2001. The album, which was released in the United States by Astralwerks, was greeted with critical praise, spawned several modestly successful UK singles, \"Underdog (Save Me)\" (reaching no. 39 in the UK Singles Charts ), \"Mind Over Money\" (reaching no. 31 ) and \"Emergency 72\", and received a nomination for the Mercury Music Prize. In August 2001, the album was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry. A planned tour of the United States opening for the Stereophonics and Matthew Jay, was canceled due to the 11 September terrorist attacks. Still, the band played at over 80 venues in Europe and the United States that year. Early 2002, the band started work on their second album. After demo sessions in Rye, United Kingdom, the band flew to Los Angeles, California to record with producer Tony Hoffer in the Summer of 2002. In October 2002, this resulted in single \"Long Distance\" (reaching no. 31 ) and an arena tour supporting David Gray. In February 2002, the band embarked on their biggest headline tour to date, covering 24 UK venues in a month, including two sold-out shows at Brixton Academy, a venue they frequently visited when growing up. On 1 March 2003, their single \"Painkiller\" became their biggest hit to date, reaching the top 5 of the singles chart. Turin Brakes' second album, \"Ether Song\", was released on 3 March 2003. The album was a departure from the acoustic sound that had brought them success with their first album. The album was popular enough to reach number 4 in the UK Albums Chart upon its release and to be certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry four days after the release, on 7 March 2003. After the successful release, the record company sought to replicate the commercial success by releasing a third single from the album, \"Average Man\". However, UK radio channels didn't embrace the single like they had done with previous releases and the chart performance (no. 35) was seen as disappointment by fans and the record label. The album commercial performance created some tension between the band and their label. In fact, between tours in the United States (their own headline tour and supporting David Gray) in the Summer of 2003, the band recorded a new single for a re-release of \"Ether Song\" with Tony Hoffer. The first re-release of \"Ether Song\", featuring an orange version of the cover and single \"5 Mile\" was released on 6 October 2003. \"5 Mile\" charted higher than \"Average Man\" (no. 31 ) but was largely overlooked by UK radio stations. Overall, the album was re-released four times during its lifespan, and received various bonus discs between regions and versions. The band was on record as being unhappy with the way the record company was treating them and the fans regarding the release. Following the success and stress of \"Ether Song\", the band took a short break, but not before touring Australia and New Zealand and releasing a DJ mix album for Azuli Records' \"Late Night Tales\" series in February 2004. The (2004) was a collection of some of their favorite songs and main influences, and also contained The Rolling Stones song \"Moonlight Mile\" as a cover. The band have done some DJ sets in the London area over the years. The band spent the first half of 2004 writing and recording new material in their own studio, which they built in Brixton, London. In the Summer of 2004, the band played a successful set at Somerset House, playing a selection of old and new material, including future singles \"Fishing For A Dream\" and \"Over And Over\". Later that year, they found themselves part of the Band Aid 20 cast for the revamped Noughties take on \"Do They Know It’s Christmas\", alongside Paul McCartney, Radiohead and Robbie Williams. Their third album, \"Jackinabox\", was released to critical acclaim in early June 2005. Preceded by the single \"Fishing for a Dream,\" which did not do as well as the band hoped (charting at 32). Despite the lack of airplay or a hit single \"JackInABox\" still sold quite well, entering the Top 10 of the UK Albums Chart in its first week and certified Silver by the BPI on 10 June 2005. The album was supported by the group's first full-band tour of the United States, as well as the single \"Over and Over,\" which was serviced to U.S. radio. Following the success of \"Jackinabox\" and its subsequent tour, a download-only album, \"Live at the Palladium\", recorded in London was released in November 2005. Released one day after the concert took place in London, it was available on the band's website. Later it also got a release on iTunes and did well in the download charts. In the October / November 2005 tour, the band also sold the \"Red Moon EP\". This acoustic EP featured a new (acoustic) version of \"Red Moon\", two new songs (live favorite \"Jet Trail\" and \"Love Is All You Deserve\") and the \"Red Hot Chili Peppers\"-cover \"Breaking The Girl\" (recorded at \"KCRW\"). The band spent the first half of 2006 writing new songs, occasionally performing both new and old work at small gigs across the UK. The band did an intimate tour in November 2006 to try out new material. In January 2007 the band entered a recording studio in London to record their fourth album with producer Ethan Johns. After three weeks the band took a break (on 29 January Paridjanian's wife gave birth to a daughter), but the sessions were resumed several weeks later in a bigger studio (also in London). On the last day of March 2007 the band announced that they had finished the recording sessions, and recorded 17 songs. The new album, \"Dark on Fire\", was released in the UK in September 2007, preceded by a download-only single. \"Stalker\". On 14 January 2008 another download-only single was released: \"Something In My Eye\". The b-side was a cover version of Cat Stevens' \"Here Comes My Baby\". Both singles failed to make an impact on the singles charts, but \"Dark on Fire\" did chart at no. 36 in the top 40. In Spring 2008, the band were special guests on the Hotel Cafe Tour hosted by Tom McRae. Also, the band did an acoustic tour in Germany. During the Summer of 2008 the band played various summer festivals. As of November 2008, the band are back in the studio recording new material. Also, the band have been working with and writing for Take That, resulting in the bonus-track \"Here\" on 2008's \"The Circus\". They also worked with Pete Lawrie, Andy Steele, Dido and Lisa Mitchell. In March 2009, the band announced they would make their live return later in the year with two acoustic shows at \"Folk in the Barn\" in Canterbury in May. In June 2009, it was announced that the band would be releasing a Best Of album, to mark the 10th anniversary of their debut single \"The Door\", along with a festival slot at Latitude in late-July and a headline performance at London", "hosted by Tom McRae. Also, the band did an acoustic tour in Germany. During the Summer of 2008 the band played various summer festivals. As of November 2008, the band are back in the studio recording new material. Also, the band have been working with and writing for Take That, resulting in the bonus-track \"Here\" on 2008's \"The Circus\". They also worked with Pete Lawrie, Andy Steele, Dido and Lisa Mitchell. In March 2009, the band announced they would make their live return later in the year with two acoustic shows at \"Folk in the Barn\" in Canterbury in May. In June 2009, it was announced that the band would be releasing a Best Of album, to mark the 10th anniversary of their debut single \"The Door\", along with a festival slot at Latitude in late-July and a headline performance at London Theatre Royal, Drury Lane the following September. This album, \"Bottled At Source - The Best Of The Source Years\", was also their last album for the Source record label. During the performance at Theatre Royal on 13 September, the band played brand new songs off the untitled forthcoming album which they hinted at coming out in February 2010. Their fifth album \"Outbursts\" was eventually released on 1 March 2010 on their new label, Cooking Vinyl. Its release was followed by a European tour and a US and Canada tour. The download single released from this album was Sea Change. Throughout the Summer of 2010 the band played several festivals in the United Kingdom and Italy, including Glastonbury 2010 and Summer Sundae. In November 2011, the band toured the United Kingdom to celebrate the tenth anniversary of their debut album The Optimist LP. The band played the complete debut album in the correct order, apart from hidden track \"Three Days Old\" and a second set of more recent work, including new song \"Rescue Squad\" and their re-working of \"Mary Poppins\"-song Chim Chim Cher-ee, which they released as a digital single to raise money for homeless charities. A live recording of their show at Koko in London on 11 November 2011 was released as a live album. Throughout 2012, the band wrote new material and played intimate venues in the United Kingdom. In October 2012, Olly Knights released a solo album \"If Not Now When\" on Turin Brakes' own record label, The Complete ATOMIC. In November 2012, the band returned to their studio to record material for their sixth studio album. The band premiered a new song called \"Sleeper\" in Naples, Italy. Recording of their sixth album, \"We Were Here\", started on Monday 11 March 2013 at Rockfield Studios and was released 30 September 2013 on the Cooking Vinyl label. The album was trailed by lead single 'Time and Money' and followed by second single 'Guess You Heard' in April 2014. The album reached number 46 in the UK album charts. After the release of the album, the band played their biggest UK tour in over a decade. In 2014, the band played the South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas and are touring the United Kingdom, Italy, Ireland and The Netherlands. In 2015, the band started work on their 7th studio album. It is scheduled for release in early 2016. On 2 November 2015 the band announced its seventh album \"Lost Property\", recorded at Rockfield Studios, would be released on 29 January 2016 and released the video for the track '96'. A song from the album, \"Save You\", appeared in the closing moments of the second episode, \"First Day\", of the ABC drama \"Designated Survivor\" on 28 September 2016. Turin Brakes have often been compared to many of the new acoustic movement bands spawned in the late 1990s such as Elbow, Starsailor, and the Norwegian band Kings of Convenience, whose 2001 album entitled \"Quiet Is the New Loud\" is a helpful indicator of the band's first album. Each record, Turin Brakes try to change their sound. While the first album features a lot of acoustic guitar, \"Ether Song\" featured more electric guitar and was, in total, a lot darker. The third album \"Jackinabox\" can be seen as a combination of the first two albums, with some funk influences.. While \"Dark on Fire\" featured a bigger sound produced by Ethan Johns, 2010s \"Outbursts\" can be seen as a return to the sound of \"The Optimist LP\". Turin Brakes formerly performed live as a 5-piece to achieve a full band sound, and were joined on stage (and often also in studio) by Rob Allum (drums), Phil Marten (keyboards) and Eddie Myer (bass). This has now been reduced to a 4-piece following Marten's departure, with Gale's guitar playing now being more prominent and more richly contributing to the live sound. On 6 September 2012 all four Turin Brakes members played at a \"Spirit of Talk Talk\" evening at 229 Great Portland Street where they joined some former members of Talk Talk to play a few hits including \"It's My Life\", with the band then playing a set of their own afterwards. Before playing the song \"Painkiller\" Gale announced to the audience that although it wouldn't be obvious to most people the song was heavily influenced by Talk Talk and by the work they did with producer Phill Brown in the Kent countryside some years ago. Turin Brakes tracks have appeared on the following compilation CDs: Turin Brakes Turin Brakes are an English band, comprising original duo Olly Knights and Gale Paridjanian, and long term collaborators Rob Allum and Eddie Myer. They had a UK top 5 hit in 2003 with their song \"Painkiller (Summer Rain)\". Since starting out in 1999, the band have sold around 1 million records worldwide. They are currently signed to Cooking Vinyl. The band was started by longtime friends Knights" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Stan Schmidt Stan Schmidt is a South African master of Shotokan karate. Along with others, such as Norman Robinson, he was an early practitioner of Shotokan karate in South Africa and his establishment of the South African branch of the Japan Karate Association (JKA) in 1965 after training in Japan, along with his subsequent promotion of the art in South Africa, earned him the appellation of 'The Father of South African Karate'. In 1963, he was one of the first westerners to be invited into the JKA's famous Instructor Class in the Tokyo Honbu dojo and he was later one of four non-Japanese karateka to sit on the JKA's international Shihankai. He was also the first non-Japanese karateka to attain 7th dan from the JKA and also the first to attain 8th dan. Today, he is the highest ranking non-Japanese karate master of that organization. He is also known for his acting roles in several martial arts films of the 1970s and 1980s. Schmidt was born on 6 October 1936 in Kokstad, Transkei, South Africa. He was educated at King Edward VII High School and then studied at the University of South Africa where he obtained a master's degree in Communications. His route into martial arts was initially through judo in which he competed nationally and later karate. Stan Schmidt is credited with formally introducing karate to South Africa in the 1950s along with other men such as Len Barnes, Richard Salmon, James Rousseau, Des Botes, and Norman Robinson. Schmidt had been introduced to the concept of karate by his Judo instructor who gave him a karate book authored by Hidetaka Nishiyama entitled ‘Karate - The Art of Empty Hand Fighting’, whilst Schmidt was convalescing from a broken ankle. As with the other pioneers of South African karate, it was from textbooks such as this that Schmidt gained his knowledge of karate. He then began training himself at his judo dojo and there, he encouraged other judoka to join him, including Ken Wittstock, Norman Robinson and Eddie Dorey. Of those that were studying Shotokan, Schmidt was the first to realize the ambition of travelling to Japan for further training when, along with his wife Judy, he left for Tokyo in 1963 to train with the JKA. Whilst in Japan Schmidt fought the then All-Japan Grand Champion Hiroshi Shirai who had won both kata and kumite in 1962. This was despite Schmidt's then much lower rank of 7th Kyu. After this fight, the senior instructor Keinosuke Enoeda coached Schmidt privately and a few months later, before returning to South Africa from this first trip to Japan, Schmidt was graded to 3rd Kyu brown belt by Masatoshi Nakayama. Nakayama also previously invited Schmidt to train with the Instructors Class, which Schmidt dubbed 'The Hornet's Nest' due to the arduous nature of the training therein. Schmidt's visit to Japan helped forge relations with the JKA such that, in 1964, Taiji Kase visited South Africa. The next year, in 1965, Schmidt and Robinson brought four Japanese instructors to South Africa: the returning Taiji Kase; Keinosuke Enoeda; Hirokazu Kanazawa; and Hiroshi Shirai. These instructors stayed for six months from April to October 1965. Enoeda, stayed at Schmidt's house and trained him. Schmidt achieved his Shodan ('black belt') and then his Nidan (second dan) under Kase. He also went on to become the first South African karate kumite champion. Enoeda then left South Africa for the United Kingdom. In 1970, Schmidt was one of three South Africans (the others being Norman Robinson and Ronnie Renshaw) to be invited by Japan to participate in the inaugural Karate World Championships at which they competed for Japan. In the late 1980s, when Schmidt was training for his 7th Dan in Japan he spent time under the teaching of Tetsuhiko Asai. He went on to become the first non-Japanese karateka to attain the level of 7th Dan from the Japan Karate Association and has remained as the highest graded westerner in that organisation latterly being awarded his 8th dan on 14 February 2015. Schmidt was the subject of an episode of SABC's \"People of the South\", a talk show hosted by Dali Tambo that focused on celebrating the lives of different personalities from southern Africa to promote a sense of national identity and pride by reflecting on their achievements and acclamations. The episode featuring Schmidt was during the program's initial run from 1994-2002. After retiring, Stan Schmidt moved to Melbourne, Australia. Stan Schmidt appeared in a number of films as a Martial Artist including in 1976, Karate Killer and in the 1981 box office success Kill and Kill Again. Schmidt and Norman Robinson choreographed the karate fight scenes in Kill and Kill Again and featured in them as the main protagonist's companions, 'The Fly' and 'Gypsy Billy' respectively, with one commentator citing these karate action scenes as the film's only commendation. Stan Schmidt Stan Schmidt is a South African master of Shotokan karate. Along with others, such as Norman Robinson, he was an early practitioner of Shotokan karate in South Africa and his establishment of the South African branch of the Japan Karate Association (JKA) in 1965 after training in Japan, along with his subsequent promotion of the art in South Africa, earned him the appellation of 'The Father of South African Karate'. In 1963, he was one of the first westerners to be invited into the JKA's famous Instructor" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Tayo Fabuluje Tayo Fabuluje ( born 1991) is an American football tackle for the San Antonio Commanders of the Alliance of American Football (AAF). He played college football for TCU. Fabuluje was drafted by the Bears in the sixth round of the 2015 NFL Draft. In 2010, Tayo Fabuluje redshirted at BYU. He then transferred to TCU, after which he sat out the 2011 season due to transfer rules. During the 2012 season, Fabuluje played all thirteen games, starting in twelve of them. During the 2013 season, he did not play football. He transferred back to BYU, but had no contact with the football team. During the 2014 season, Fabuluje was an Honorable Mention All-Big 12 player. He started twelve games at Left Tackle. The Chicago Bears selected Tayo Fabuluje with the seventh pick of the sixth round in the 2015 NFL Draft, making him the 183rd pick overall. In his rookie season, Fabuluje violated the NFL's performance-enhancing drug policy and was suspended for four games. On June 21, 2017, Fabuluje was assigned to the Baltimore Brigade of the Arena Football League. On October 12, 2018, Fabuluje was signed by the San Antonio Commanders of the AAF. Tayo Fabuluje Tayo" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Good Luck, Maryland Good Luck is a ghost town and former census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. Established in 1672, the former settlement is currently occupied by the Goddard Space Flight Center and a residential community. Good Luck was a property deeded to Alexander Magruder in 1672. Magruder owned approximately of land in Maryland, and some of his properties, such as Good Luck, were named after locations in the Scottish Highlands. The size of the property had grown to by 1677. In 1702, of land known as \"Good Luck\" was sold. A post office was established in 1817 called \"Magruder's\". The post office was renamed \"Good Luck\" and operated from 1830 to 1852, and from 1872 to 1876. In 1871, the village of Glennville (later renamed Glenn Dale) was platted by John Glenn and Edmund B. Duvall. Located on the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, Glenn Dale prospered, and in 1876, Good Luck's post office was moved there. In 1899, Good Luck was described as a \"rural village\" alongside \"the railroad village of Glenn Dale\". \"Good Luck Road\" is still located at the site of the former settlement, which is currently occupied by the Goddard Space Flight Center and a residential community. A census-designated place (CDP) called \"Good Luck\" was established in the general area of the former settlement during the 1970 United States Census. The population of the Good Luck CDP was 10,584. The land area of the CDP was and a population density was 3,308 per square mile. In 1980, Good Luck CDP ceased to exist after the census area was split to create the CDPs of Glenn Dale and Goddard. Good Luck, Maryland Good Luck is a ghost town and former census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. Established in 1672, the former" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Carl von Marr Carl von Marr (February 14, 1858 – July 10, 1936) was an American-born German painter. He was born at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the son of the engraver John Marr (1831–1921) and his wife Bertha Bodenstein Marr (1836–1911). He was a pupil of Henry Vianden in Milwaukee, of Martin Schauß in Weimar, of Karl Gussow in Berlin, and subsequently of Otto Seitz at the Academy of Fine Arts Munich. His first work, \"Ahasuerus, the Wandering Jew\", received a medal in Munich. One of his pictures, \"Episode of 1813\", was (as of 1911) in the Royal Hanover Gallery. His \"Germany\" in 1906 received a gold medal in Munich, and was (as of 1911) in the Prussian Royal Academy at Königsberg. A large canvas, \"The Flagellants,\" painted in 1889, is now in the collection of the Museum of Wisconsin Art, in West Bend, WI, on permanent loan from the City of Milwaukee. The painting and the Pieta - Mary Louise Schumacher: Art City. It received a gold medal at the Munich Exposition in 1889, a gold medal at the International Exhibition, Berlin in 1890 and a gold medal at the Columbian Exposition, Chicago World's Fair in 1893. Another canvas, \"Summer Afternoon\", originally from the Phoebe Hearst collection, in 1911 in the permanent collection of the University of California, Berkeley, received a gold medal in Berlin, in 1892. Marr became a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich in 1893, and in 1895 a member of the Berlin Academy of Arts. In 1916 Marr married Elsie Fellerer Messerschmitt (1872–1919), the widow of the painter Pius Ferdinand Messerschmitt (1858–1915). They had two daughters together. In 1917, Marr was appointed a privy councilor to the Bavarian government. He was forced to flee to Switzerland during the Bavarian Council Republic, which put a price on his head because of this political connection. In 1919, Marr became the director of the Royal Academy in Munich, where he continued to work until his retirement in 1923. He was diagnosed with cancer in 1934. Marr died on 10 July 1936 and is buried at the Solln Cemetery in Munich. Carl von Marr Carl von Marr (February 14, 1858 – July 10, 1936) was an American-born German painter. He was born at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the son of the engraver John Marr (1831–1921) and his wife Bertha Bodenstein Marr (1836–1911). He was a pupil of Henry Vianden in" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Springhill House Springhill is a 17th-century plantation house in the townland of Ballindrum near Moneymore, County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. It has been the property of the National Trust since 1957 and, in addition to the house, gardens and park, there is a costume collection and a purported ghost. It is open from March to June, and September on weekends, and is open to the public seven days a week during July and August. This 17th-century unfortified house was built about 1680 and was originally surrounded by a defensive bawn. Around 1765 two single-storey wings were added and the entrance front was modified to its present arrangement of seven windows across its width. The Conyngham family had come from Ayrshire in Scotland in about 1611, possibly from Glengarnock and the first of the family in Ulster was said to have been one of the family of the Earls of Glencairn. Alexander Conyngham, Dean of Raphoe, ancestor of the later Marquesses Conyngham, was probably a near relative - his son Sir Albert Conyngham's portrait is at Springhill and not Slane Castle. They were granted lands under James I's Plantation of Ulster in County Armagh. They purchased the Springhill estate in around 1630. It is believed that some form of farm dwelling was constructed on the estate at this time (probably on the site of the present carpark) but this was almost certainly destroyed during the Irish Rebellion of 1641. The first of the family to have owned Springhill. He was a Colonel in the Civil War and one of Cromwell's Commissioners for Co. Armagh and held land at Drumcrow in the County and property in the town of Armagh itself. He was granted new title deeds by Cromwell in 1652, 'the old ones having been destroyed in the recent wars'. He died in 1666, when High Sheriff of County Londonderry. In 1676 his widow lived in a house on the north side of Armagh with a garden and \"a little parke\" called \"Garreturne\". Marriage articles between William Conyngham II and Ann Upton of Castle Upton near Templepatrick executed 1680 stated that he was required \"to build a convenient house of lime and stone, two stories high ... with necessary office houses\" for his wife-to-be. It is widely believed that the present house owes its origin to this document though dendrochronological examination of the roof timbers on the central part of the house date the beams to after 1690. At this time, many of the surviving outbuildings along with the rare Dutch styled gardens were created. The gardens are currently undergoing a process of restoration. From William Conyngham II (better known as \"Good Will\"), the estate passed to his nephew George Butle in 1721 who thereupon adopted the name Butle Conyngham. Under the terms of the Plantation Grant, he constructed the village of Coagh in about 1755, naming the main square Hanover Square in deference to King George II. From George Butle Conyngham, the estate passed to his eldest son, Col. William Conyngham of the 7th Dragoon Guards (known as the \"Black Horse\" regiment) in 1765. Col William added the two wings to either side of the house as a nursery and ballroom respectively. As Col. William did not marry until the age of 52, he died without issue. The estate passed to his brother David Conyngham who also died childless. As a result, the estate passed to the son of their sister Ann who had married Clotworthy Lenox of Derry, grandson of James Lenox, Alderman of Derry (Mayor of Derry 1689), remembered as one of the leaders of the Siege of Derry and the city's Member of Parliament 1703-1713. Col. George Lenox, upon inheriting the estate, adopted the name Lenox-Conyngham and his descendants lived in the house until 1957. George served under Castlereagh in the Irish Volunteers but, after being betrayed by Castlereagh, resigned his commission in disgrace in 1816. As a result of this, combined with his depressive nature, he committed suicide later that year. His 2nd wife Olivia (4th daughter of William Irvine of Castle Irvine, Co. Fermanagh) is said to haunt the house to this day and is reputed to be the best documented ghost in Ireland. George Lenox-Conyngham married as his first wife Jane Hamilton of Castlefin, by whom he had a son and heir William Lenox-Conyngham. Jane's mother was Jean Hamilton, daughter of John Hamilton of Brown Hall Co. Donegal; Jean married John Hamilton of Castlefin Co. Donegal, and after his death married George Lenox-Conyngham's uncle William Conyngham. From George, the house passed to his eldest son William Lenox-Conyngham. He had been a talented lawyer in Glasgow but left his legal career to run the estate. In 1818 he married Charlotte Staples, daughter of the Rt. Hon. John Staples of Lissan House near Cookstown. John Staples was a well known lawyer and orator and was the last speaker in the Irish House of Commons in 1801; his wife was the Hon. Henrietta Molesworth, daughter of Field Marshal Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth. Their son Thomas Staples became the 9th Baronet. During William Lenox-Conyngham's tenure, the estate was drained and improved and a large well-appointed dining room was added to the rear of the house, complete with a 17th-century Italian chimneypiece salvaged from Frederick Augustus Hervey's (the Earl of Bristol and Bishop of Derry) Ballyscullion House near Bellaghy which was demolished in about 1825. When William Lenox-Conyngham died in 1858, the estate passed to his eldest son Lt. Col. Sir William Fitzwilliam Lenox-Conyngham who had married Laura Arbuthnot, daughter of George Arbuthnot of Elderslie (Founder of the Indian Bank, Arbuthnot & Co) in 1856. Her father's elder brother was Sir William Arbuthnot 1st Baronet, Lord Provost of Edinburgh and Lord Lieutenant of Edinburgh. Sir William Lenox-Conyngham was highly involved in military matters and was knighted (KCB) by Queen Victoria in 1880. During his tenure, the estate was largely sold off under the Ashbourne and Wyndham Acts and was reduced to around three hundred acres. Finances became a grave concern for the family. Sir William was the last Agent of The Drapers' Company, overseeing their remaining estate in Northern Ireland, which had been extensive and included Draperstown and Moneymore. By the time of Sir William's death in 1906, there was little left of the estate and as a result of some unwise investments, his son Lt. Col. William Arbuthnot Lenox-Conyngham found financial matters very trying. In 1899 he married Mina Lowry of Rockdale near Cookstown in County Tyrone. She was the last member of the family to live on the estate and she continued to do so even after the death of her son and the National Trust taking over in 1957 until her own death in 1960. Col. William Arbuthnot fought in both the Boer and Great Wars and his younger brother Lt. Col. John Staples Molesworth Lenox-Conyngham was killed in action at Guillemont during the battle of the Somme, on 3 September 1916, personally leading the 6th Battalion Connaught Rangers over the top and into the attack armed only with an ancient revolver. He is buried at Carnoy in France. The two wooden crosses that marked his grave were returned to Ireland and now lie inside St Patrick's Cathedral Armagh, next to his memorial. William Arbuthnot Lenox-Conyngham died in 1938 and the estate passed to his elder and somewhat sickly son Capt. William Lowry Lenox-Conyngham who led the local Home Guard during the Second World War as a result of being invalided out of the National Defence Corps in 1940. Realising that the finances of the family were now in terminal decline and recognising that neither he nor his brother had any children to carry on the line, although his uncle Reverend George Hugh Lenox-Conyngham had a surviving son and two daughters, William Lowry entered into negotiations with the National Trust in 1956 with a view to handing over the house. This had followed a chance meeting with Nancy, Countess of Enniskillen who had presented Florence Court in County Fermanagh to the Trust the", "next to his memorial. William Arbuthnot Lenox-Conyngham died in 1938 and the estate passed to his elder and somewhat sickly son Capt. William Lowry Lenox-Conyngham who led the local Home Guard during the Second World War as a result of being invalided out of the National Defence Corps in 1940. Realising that the finances of the family were now in terminal decline and recognising that neither he nor his brother had any children to carry on the line, although his uncle Reverend George Hugh Lenox-Conyngham had a surviving son and two daughters, William Lowry entered into negotiations with the National Trust in 1956 with a view to handing over the house. This had followed a chance meeting with Nancy, Countess of Enniskillen who had presented Florence Court in County Fermanagh to the Trust the previous year. In the event, he signed his will bequeathing the house and estate to the National Trust only three days before his death in 1957. William's uncle George Hugh Lenox-Conyngham married Barbara Josephine née Turton whose mother Lady Cecilia was the daughter of Joseph Leeson, 4th Earl of Milltown of Russborough Co. Wicklow. They had two sons Denis Hugh and Alwyn Douglas and two daughters Cecilia Laura and Eileen Mary, born in Edinburgh. Their father had, like previous members of the family, been educated in Edinburgh, in George's case at Fettes College where he was the first former pupil to return as a school master. After being Housemaster of Kimmerghame House, he became a priest. His first living was at Denver in Norfolk, then he was appointed Rector of Lavenham, a living that was held by his old Cambridge College Gonville & Caius. Eileen, Denis, their mother Barbara and aunt Alice Lenox-Conyngham travelled on the Titanic. Following the death of William Lowry in 1957, the head of the family became Captain Alwyn Douglas Lenox-Conyngham RN, his elder brother Denis having died in China in 1928, whilst serving with his regiment The Cameronians. His eldest son Charles Denis Lenox-Conyngham, former Managing Director of Blue Funnel Line and Chairman of Sealink is the current head of the family. Upon adopting the property, the National Trust undertook a large-scale programme of restoration and re-construction adopting the orthodoxy of 1950's conservation practice which saw the Victorian smoking room demolished, large portions of the house stripped back to stone and all the rooms re-arranged to reflect their appearance when first constructed. The house today contains a vitally important and almost complete collection of one family's occupation for three hundred years. In the Gun Room can be found one of the largest surviving 18th century wallpaper schemes surviving in the UK, along with a \"long gun\" dating to about 1680 which was presented to Alderman James Lenox after the Siege of Derry. The Library contains one of the most important collections of 17th and 18th century books in Ireland and is composed of around 3000 volumes, the oldest of which is a small Latin psalter of 1541. In the old laundry can be found the largest costume collection in Northern Ireland (established by Viscount Clanwilliam in 1960) and a selection from the collection is displayed annually in the costume museum. Springhill was used for the location of the three-part adaptation of Eugene McCabe’s modern Irish classic, Death and Nightingales, first broadcast in November 2018, featuring as the home of landowner Billy Winters. The National Trust owned Beetling Mill is a sister property of Springhill. Springhill House Springhill is a 17th-century plantation house in the townland of Ballindrum near Moneymore, County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. It has been" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Battle of Shenkursk The Battle of Shenkursk, in January 1919, was a major battle of the Russian Civil War. Following the Bolshevik loss at the Battle of Tulgas, the Red Army's next offensive action was against the Allied garrison of Shenkursk; located on the Vaga River. Allied forces in Shenkursk and the surrounding villages included men primarily from the United States and the United Kingdom with support from the White Russians. The battle ended with an Allied retreat from Shenkursk ahead of a superior Bolshevik army. Company A, of the United States Army 339th Infantry made up the bulk of Allied forces protecting the Vaga River. American Captain Otto \"Viking\" Odjard was in command of about 200 men of the 339th and a remaining 900 British and White Russian troops. Odjard's headquarters was at Shenkursk though the majority of Americans, including a section of field artillery consisting of two three-inch 18 pounders, were positioned in the nearby village of Vysokaya Gora. A small force of forty-seven Americans, under Lieutenant Harry Mead, was stationed eighteen miles south of Shenkursk at the village of Nizhnyaya Gora. Half a mile east of Nizhnyaya Gora, a company of White Russian Cossacks were stationed in the village of Ust Padenga. At dawn on January 19, concealed Bolshevik artillery opened up \"a terrific bombardment\" on Nizhnyaya Gora. After an hour the shelling ceased and approximately 1,000 Bolsheviks assaulted the village with fixed bayonets. Lieutenant Meade knew he would have to retreat; he telephoned Captain Odjard to alert him. Odjard ordered Meade to put up a delaying fire as long as possible, and promised that the artillery section would cover the retreat from Nizhnyaya Gora. The Americans opened fired as the Bolsheviks drew into range. A platoon of Cossacks arrived from Ust Padenga, but their officer was wounded and they quickly retreated. Finally, Meade ordered the retreat, only to find that the village's main street was covered by enemy machine gun fire, so using them meant certain death. Meade later wrote: \"To withdraw we were compelled to march straight down the side of this hill, across an open valley some eight-hundred yards or more in the terrible snow, and under the direct fire of the enemy. There was no such thing as cover, for this valley of death was a perfectly open plain, waist deep in snow. To run was impossible, to halt was worse yet and so nothing remained but to plunge and flounder through the snow in mad desperation, with a prayer on our lips to gain the edge of our fortified positions. One by one, man after man fell wounded or dead in the snow, either to die from grievous wounds or terrible exposure.\" The Americans got no artillery support as they retreated; the White Russian gunners had abandoned their posts, and by the time Captain Odjard forced them back at pistol point, it was too late to provide support to Meade's retreating troops. Only seven men of the forty-seven men reached Vsyokaya Gora, including Meade. The Bolsheviks did not immediately continue the attack, allowing the Americans to recover many of their wounded. By evening only 19 Americans were missing, and six of these were known to be dead. Two more Americans showed up that night, having hidden out in a Russian log house for several hours before sneaking past the Bolsheviks. Also that night, Lieutenant Douglas Winslow arrived from Shenkursk with men of the Canadian Field Artillery to take over the two three-inch guns from the White Russians who fled the battle earlier. The Cossack company retreated from Ust Padenga to Vsyokaya Gora, managing to do so without alerting the Bolsheviks. Over the next three days the outnumbered Americans held Vysokaya Gora against repeated attacks from an enemy which now numbered over 3,000 men. The fighting took the form of heavy skirmishing and eventually the Russians began employing snipers to harass the American lines instead of launching more bayonet charges against well defended fortifications. The snipers inflicted many additional casualties on the Allied soldiers, as well as shrapnel from repeated artillery bombardments. On January 20 and 21, the Bolsheviks attacked repeatedly, suffering heavy casualties from the Canadian guns; they occupied the empty village of Ust Padenga, but made no progress against Vsyokaya Gora. On the evening of January 22, orders came through that Vysokaya Gora was to be abandoned. As the Allies began their retreat, a Soviet incendiary round hit the town and set it ablaze. One of the two Canadian three inch guns fell into a ditch, and the gunners had no choice but to disable the gun and leave it. The Allies reached the village of Sholosha at 7 AM on January 23 and rested briefly before continuing to the village of Spasskoe, four miles from Shenkursk, where they planned to fight a delaying action. When they arrived they were met by Captain O. A. Mowat of the Canadian field artillery, with a detachment of men and a single three-inch gun (The gun that had been at Vysokaya Gora had been sent ahead to Shenkursk). In the morning of the 24th, the Soviets began firing artillery on the Allies in the town. In the afternoon Captain Mowat was struck by a shell and badly wounded; he was evacuated to the Shenkursk hospital, where he later died. Later that day a Soviet shell struck the lone remaining field gun, destroying it, killing a gunner, and injuring Captain Odjard, who was evacuated to Shenkursk. The Allied Lieutenants decided that they could not hold Sholosha without artillery, so they ordered a withdraw to Shenkursk. By 4 pm on January 24, the survivors of Company A reached Shenkursk. Some of the Americans were so weary of battle that they fell asleep as soon as they stopped marching. The Red Army was not far behind them though and they surrounded Shenkursk with the apparent intention of attacking the following morning. Captain Odjard then requested instructions from his commanding officer, British General Edmund Ironside in Arkhangelsk, who ordered Odjard to withdraw before being destroyed. There was only one avenue of escape that had not been occupied by the Bolsheviks, an old logging trail that lead north through the forest towards the village of Vystavka. So at midnight on January 24, the garrison evacuated Skenkursk. About 100 of the most seriously wounded left first. They were fastened to sleds and sent down the road, pulled by horses. Those who could walk made the march on foot. Captain Odjard, who was wounded himself, feared that the Bolsheviks had placed snipers along the trail but there proved to be none and the garrison successfully escaped from Shenkursk without alerting the enemy. At this point the battle was over, the last shots fired were heard some ten miles away by the Allies at 8:00 am on January 25. The fire was from Bolshevik artillery which was shelling Shenkursk, unaware that the Allies had already retreated. When the garrison finally reached Vystavka on January 27, they prepared defenses and withstood several Red Army attacks over the course of the next several weeks. The result of the engagement was important to the overall Bolshevik victory in the war. The Allies having been pushed away to the north, they were unable to launch offensive actions or combine their strength with a large army of White Russians heading west from Siberia. Instead the Allies were obligated to defend Vystavka. Battle of Shenkursk The Battle of Shenkursk, in January 1919, was a major battle of the Russian Civil War. Following the Bolshevik loss at the Battle of Tulgas, the Red Army's next offensive action was against the Allied garrison of Shenkursk; located on the Vaga River. Allied forces in Shenkursk and the surrounding villages included men primarily from the United States and the United Kingdom with" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Tim Reichert Tim Reichert (born 9 October 1979 in Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German professional football player for Sportfreunde Siegen and co-founder of the SK Gaming e-sports clan. He is also the head of FC Schalke 04's e-sports division. Tim Reichert was signed by Rot-Weiß Oberhausen in the 2003–04 season, but was initially used in the reserve teams only. After being loaned to SSVg Velbert (2005–06), he returned to Oberhausen and played 13 matches in the 2007–08 season for Rot-Weiß. He left then on 2 June 2009 to sign with Sportfreunde Siegen. Reichert is also notable as an e-sports pioneer. In 1997, he founded the clan SK Gaming (named \"Schroet Kommando\" back then) with his brothers Ralf and Benjamin Reichert and several other gamers, among them Musa Celik. Among gamers, Tim Reichert was known as \"SK|Burke\". Remarkably, both Benjamin \"SK|Kane\" Reichert and Musa \"SK|kila\" Celik also played professional soccer for Rot-Weiß Oberhausen. In 2016, Schalke entered competitive \"League of Legends\" by purchasing an EU LCS spot and named Reichert as Head of ESport. Tim Reichert Tim Reichert (born 9 October 1979 in Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German professional football player for Sportfreunde Siegen and co-founder of the SK" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Chandra Sturrup Chandra Sturrup (born September 12, 1971) is a Bahamian track and field sprint athlete. She is a 100m specialist and the Bahamian record holder for the women's 100m with a personal best of 10.84 set in Lausanne, Switzerland on July 5, 2005. Sturrup is an alumnus of Norfolk State University, and has taken part in almost every major event since 1991 after the birth of her son, Shawn Murray Jr. For most of her career, she was coached by Trevor Graham. Sturrup competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing at the 100 metres sprint. In her first-round heat she placed first in front of Kelly-Ann Baptiste and Lina Grincikaite in a time of 11.30 to advance to the second round. There she improved her time to 11.16 and placed third behind Sherone Simpson and Muna Lee. In her semi final Sturrup finished in fifth position with 11.22 seconds, causing elimination. Her fellow Bahamian Debbie Ferguson qualified for the final with the same time, but she finished fourth in her semi final. Chandra Sturrup Chandra Sturrup (born September 12, 1971) is a Bahamian track and field sprint athlete. She is a 100m specialist and the Bahamian record holder" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Changes: A Love Story Changes: a Love Story is a 1991 novel by Ama Ata Aidoo, chronicling a period of the life of a career-centred African woman as she divorces her first husband and marries into a polygamist union. It was published by the Feminist Press. The novel is set in modern-day Accra. Esi Sekyi: Esi is a modern African woman who is highly educated and extremely career-centered. She marries Oko out of gratitude. Oko and their only child, Ogyaanowa, are neglected in favor of Esi's job as a data analyst for the Department of Urban Statistics. After she is raped by Oko, she divorces him and enters into a polygamist marriage with Ali, believing that it holds the freedom she desires. She believes Ali will give her the space she craves as well. Esi does not attend church but holds vague Christian ideals. She does not convert after marrying Ali because religion isn't really important to either of them. Ali Kondey: A \"son of the world\" who has had all the advantages in life, Ali is charming and wealthy from owning a successful business. He had a strict Muslim upbringing, but is not devout himself. Before he married Esi, he already had a wife and several children. Opokuya Dakwa: Esi's best friend, a nurse who also manages a household with a husband and several children. Opokuya also craves more freedom in her marriage though she does not divorce her husband. She is self-described as \"fat\" and is very opinionated, especially about birth control. Oko Sekyi: Esi's husband who tries fervently to breathe life into his dying marriage with Esi. He works as a headmaster for a girls' school. Oko believes that Esi spends too much time at work which is the source of his frustrations. Kubi Dakwa: Opokuya's husband who reveals that he cannot be trusted when he attempts to commit adultery with Esi. Ogyaanowa Sekyi: Esi's daughter who spends most of her time at Oko's mother's house. She feels neglected by her mother and makes it no secret that she prefers her father. Fusena Kondey: Ali's first wife who chose marriage and family over her education and career. This results in her feeling of intense disillusionment. Esi Sekyi approaches Linga HideAways Travel Agency in order to finalize travel arrangements – a task Esi has taken on in the absence of her company's regular secretary. She meets Ali Kondey, the charming owner of the travel agency who assures her that his agency will take care of everything. Esi leaves in her beat-up car and Ali praises Allah for the gift of his woman. Sometime later, Esi's husband Oko forces her to have sex with him, which she regards as the last straw in their already-deteriorating marriage. Esi then goes to work and tries to pull herself together while searching her native tongue – presumably an African dialect – for a word to describe what just has just happened. She concludes that although her native language has no word for it, in English it might be called \"marital rape.\" Esi's best friend, Opokuya, is then introduced, her character standing in fierce contrast to Esi's. Although their marriage is generally happy, Opokuya and her husband, Kubi, frequently argue about who will have the family car for the day. On this particular occasion, Kubi wins and they agree that he will pick Opokuya up at the Hotel Twentieth Century after work. Esi runs into Opokuya in the lobby of that hotel and the two quickly begin a conversation about Esi's decision to leave her husband. The story recounts Ali's friendship and eventual marriage to his college friend Fusena. As they had children, motherhood consumed Fusena's life, forcing her to stop working and temporarily stifling her desire for higher education. Esi and Ali's relationship develops as they become lovers. As Esi finds herself becoming more dependent on Ali's affection, she is disappointed when he fails to visit her for two weeks. When Ali finally reappears, he proposes to Esi, offering her a ring to show that she is \"occupied territory.\" The marriage negotiations begin as Ali travels to the village where Esi's family lives in order to discuss the marriage. However, his request is denied due to his failure to bring a proper relative to the negotiations. It becomes clear that both Ali's and Esi's families are reluctant to agree to such a union, especially when some of the polygamy traditions have already been breached. Both families eventually agree and Ali and Esi are married in a simple ceremony. On New Year's Eve, Ali visits Esi before going home and while Ali is there, Oko drives up to Esi's house with their daughter, Ogyaanowa, in tow. The two men fight and Esi bolts, taking Ogyaanowa to Opokuya's house. Esi recounts the events to Opokuya and Kubi, who drives over to Esi's to check on her house, only to find that both men have disappeared. Ali and Esi go on a holiday to Ali's home village, Bamako and they spend their time there like tourists. After they return, Ali becomes more distant, spending more time with his attractive new secretary. Esi spends Christmas alone, taking sleeping pills to rein in her deep sense of abandonment. On New Year's Day, Ali finally reappears, offering her a new car as a bribe. He then immediately leaves. Esi shows off her new car to Opokuya and offers Opokuya her old car. Ali continues to give Esi bribes as substitutes for his presence. After three years, Esi finally breaks down and tells Ali that their relationship has deteriorated. Opokuya finally picks up her car from Esi's house and leaves. Later, Kubi shows up, supposedly searching for his wife. He begins to kiss Esi and Esi considers sleeping with him but decides that she could betray Opokuya like that. Esi and Ali never divorce, remaining friends and sometimes lovers. BY Ochienge Hillary otieno Aidoo stated in a 1993 interview that \"the title Changes addresses the issue of a woman's life, her loves, career and so on and how they change.\" Aidoo also revealed that the subtitle \"A Love Story\" is a compromise with her publisher – originally the subtitle was \"A New Tail to an Old Tail.\" The story is told from a 3rd person linear narrative and it is a \"collection of prose - poetry narrative performances, and a meditation for the reader's contemplation.\" Writer Kirsten Holst Petersen considers \"Changes\" an \"adaption of a particular Akan oral performance form in which the audience is presented with a performed narrative through which to debate a series of moral issues to no real conclusion.\" Aidoo also \"creates a parallel between theme and form…allow[ing] the reader access to…different layers of meaning within the text, [through] the traditional players of the dilemma tale [as well as] a variety of other voices,\" such as the dialogue between the two village women that opens Part II. This work is generally perceived as a modern, feminist novel. \"In 'Antagonistic Feminisms and Ama Ata Aidoo's Changes,' Kirsten Holst Petersen describes Aidoo's latest novel as a \"provocation\" that works between and against the various positions of African and Western feminisms to explore the questions of modern-day African female identity.\" Waleska Saltori Simpson supports the claim that Changes is a feminist novel, stating that \"…through Esi, Aidoo rejects situations and relationships, both in literature and society, that entrap women and define them within restricted spaces that limit the possibilities for a diversity of female identities.\" Nada Elia suggests that the \"articulation of the concept of 'marital rape' is critical to the conscious development of African feminism, as it allows for a woman's realization of her rightful ownership of her body under any and all circumstances.\" However, although the book portrays polygamy in a negative light, it is not polygamy, but the selfish way in which polygamy is undertaken in the novel that Aidoo criticizes.\" Changes: A Love Story Changes: a Love Story is a 1991 novel by Ama Ata Aidoo, chronicling a period of the life of a career-centred African woman as she divorces her first husband", "rejects situations and relationships, both in literature and society, that entrap women and define them within restricted spaces that limit the possibilities for a diversity of female identities.\" Nada Elia suggests that the \"articulation of the concept of 'marital rape' is critical to the conscious development of African feminism, as it allows for a woman's realization of her rightful ownership of her body under any and all circumstances.\" However, although the book portrays polygamy in a negative light, it is not polygamy, but the selfish way in which polygamy is undertaken in the novel that Aidoo criticizes.\" Changes: A Love Story Changes: a Love Story is a 1991 novel by Ama Ata Aidoo, chronicling a period of the life of a career-centred African woman as she divorces her first husband and marries into a polygamist union. It was published by the Feminist Press. The novel is set in modern-day Accra. Esi Sekyi: Esi is a modern African woman who is highly educated and extremely career-centered. She marries Oko out of gratitude. Oko and their only child, Ogyaanowa, are neglected in favor" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Gwisho Hot-Springs Gwisho hot-springs is a rare site for its large quantity of preserved animal and plants remains, located in Lochinvar National Park, Zambia. The site was first excavated by J. Desmond Clark in 1957, who found faunal remains and quartz tools in the western end of the site. Creighton Gabel excavated the same area in 1960-1961 and more of Gwisho hot-springs was excavated in 1963-1964. It provided an abundance of economic and technological evidence that is without equal anywhere in South Africa. Gwisho hot-springs has a become of a significance importance to African prehistory. The Gwisho hot-springs is located on Lochinvar Lodge in Lochinvar National Park, Zambia; it extends over on the south edge of the Kafue Flats, southwest of Monze, and about west of the Lochnivar Ranch. Gwisho hot-springs is in a shallow fault-determined valley with large amounts of alluvia and sand deposits, they’re located above sea-level. Within the valley there are several cold and hot water spring; most of the hot springs are sulphurous and many of them contains dissolved chloride. The Kafue Flats is a seasonal floodplain created by the Kafue River, located south of Gwisho. It is flat and mostly featureless with low grass cover. south of the river, the ground rises slightly and the topography is less monotonous. The landscape is covered with anthills, bushes, and \"Acacia\" trees\".\" Denser woodland is found where the soils are deeper. The hot-springs are located between the plain and higher ground. Several types of trees grow along the spring line, including \"Comebretum imberbe, Sclerocarya caffra, Lonchocarpus capassa, Acacia sierberiana,\" and \"Acacia nigrescens.\" The vegetation south of the hot-springs includes \"Albizia harveyi, Acacia campylacantha, Combretum inberbe, Piliostigma thonningii,\" and \"Acacia giraffe.\" The trenches excavated in the site are made of sterile white sand and gravel bedrock overlain by a band of sterile brown clay and a layer of black, greasy soil of varying thickness. It contains no implements. The sterile zones of Gwisho are sealed by a horizon of dark grey, heavy soil with lenses of grey-brown deposit. Organic remains can be found in these horizons. The black, greasy, sterile soil varies in thickness from 15.2 to 22.9 cm. In Upslopes, the upper levels consist of yellow-brown and brown soils and contains 61 cm of yellow-brown sandy clay contains stone implements. Soil samples collected from the site consists mostly of quartz sand grains with angular profiles, most likely of alluvial origin. Calcium carbonate was also found and a sample was rich in organic material. Radiocarbon samples from the site determines the age of artifacts and human activity. J.C. Vogel of the Natuurkundig Laboratorium dated three samples, a piece of wood and grass layer from a hut or wind-break dates back to 1710 BCE, a charcoal sample dates back to 1730 BCE, and twigs dates back around 2835 BCE. Radiocarbon dates place human activity in the area between 2750 and 2340 BCE. Matopo Hill sites have yield samples that revealed how long hunter-gatherers lived in the area. The lower Wilton at Amadzimba cave gave a reading of 2250 BCE, however the Pomongwe Late Stone Age dates show earlier activity. Dates from Dombozanga cave, 730 CE, Magabengberg, 941 CE, and Lusu, 186 BCE, confirms that Late Stone Age people continued to flourish as late as the earlier centuries of the Iron Age. Remains were found that seems to have been a hut or windbreak as well as sticks and twigs and a mass of grass lay in a flattened heap. All the grass and wood had been stripped of their roots. Tiny fragments of fired clay excavated from the site may have been used for windbreaks to smear huts and other structures. Blades and bladelets were excavated with primary flakes. Microlith and macrolith industries were discovered in the area as well as wooden tools. Large numbers of fragmentary bones had been excavated from the Gwisho sites. The bones were well preserved, with fresh edges and spongy structures. The remains belong to buffalo, lechwe, wildebeest, impala, buchduck, kudu, eland, oribi roan, hartebeest, grysbuck, duiker, zebra, warthog, bushpig, elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, monkey, baboon, birds, tortoise. None of these animal findings are surprises since all the species are, or were common in the area of Gwisho. Ivory and fresh-water shells were found along with shell beads. Wooden artifacts and fibers were preserved under favorable conditions. Types of wood include \"Baikiaea\", \"Dalbergia\", \"Brachystegia\", and \"Celtis\". The hunters of Gwisho had at least three vegetation zones near their camps. The hunting methods of the Gwisho’s hunters were probably similar to those used by modern San. Many arrowheads and link shafts were excavated from the site, indicating the use of the bow and arrow. They also used spears as a hunting tool. Another method employed by the Gwisho inhabitants was the use of snares and traps. Animals could have been driven into swampy or scalding hot-parts of the hot-springs and then killed off. It is possible that the springs were fitted with devices for trapping and the scalding hot water could have been used to kill animals. Barbel was the easiest fish to catch and most of the fish bones found were those of barbels. They could have been speared in the shallows or trapped in shallow pools. Since no fishing artifacts were found at the Gwisho sites, the latter method of trapping the fish in shallow pools was most likely used since it is a technique that does not require great amount of skill. Despite the findings of four fragments of stone that appeared to be of foreign origin, there were no findings of traded objects. The inhabitants were self-sufficient with the raw materials already present in Gwisho and there was little or no need for trading. At the Gwisho site of Kafue Flats, more than thirty burials were found and skeletons showed Khoisan features. In terms of morphology, the Gwisho people may have been physically divergent from modern San. Gwisho Hot-Springs Gwisho hot-springs is a rare site for its large quantity of preserved animal and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Aubange Aubange (German: \"Ibingen\", Luxembourgish: \"Éibeng\", Walloon: \"Åbindje\") is a Walloon municipality of Belgium located in the Province of Luxembourg. On 1 January 2012 the municipality, which covers 45.6 km², had 16,042 inhabitants, giving a population density of 330.9 inhabitants per km². It is the third municipality of the Province of Luxembourg regarding the number of inhabitants but it is also among the smallest ones in terms of area. The municipality is French-speaking but most of which falls within the Luxembourgish-speaking Arelerland, adjoins the tripoint where the borders of Belgium, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, and France meet. Aubange was a municipality itself before the reorganization of the Belgian municipalities in 1977. At that time, it was amalgamated with Athus, Halanzy and Rachecourt to become what exists today. Even though the new municipality took the name \"Aubange\", the biggest place is Athus and it is where most of the services and official buildings are, like the townhall, the police station, the fire station, the post office, etc. Aubange is located in the Lorraine region in the south of Belgium just next to France and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Aubange proper, Athus, Halanzy, and Rachecourt. Other population centers include: Aix-sur-Cloie, Battincourt, and Guerlange. The following graph represents the growing of the population in the municipality since 1990. The village of Aubange itself contains about 4,000 inhabitants. For a long time, Aubange has been linked with siderurgy. There were two big factories in Athus and in Halanzy and also a mine. But because of the concurrence of the foreign markets (especially the ones from Asia and Africa), siderurgy as not profitable anymore and all the factories closed one after another in the whole area. Now the politics have tried to found new ways to develop the economy. One of the most well-known activities is the Railway Containers Terminal of Athus which deals with thousands of containers each year from the big harbors of the North Sea like Antwerp and Rotterdam to the inland of France, Germany or Luxemburg. There are three railway stations in the municipality: in Athus, in and in Halanzy. The municipality is located nearby the highway E411 which links Brussels to Luxemburg City. It is situated at 30 kilometers from the capital of the Grand-Duchy and from its international airport. Aubange Aubange (German: \"Ibingen\", Luxembourgish: \"Éibeng\", Walloon: \"Åbindje\") is a Walloon" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Tom Tong Tom Tong is a serial entrepreneur and founder of Ganqishi (甘其食) and its American counterpart Tom’s BaoBao. Tong currently resides in Shanghai and Hangzhou, and makes frequent trips to southern New England to oversee the buildup to the grand opening of the first two Tom’s BaoBao locations, slated for late Spring 2016. Over the past decade, Tong has created the Ganqishi brand in China, and has expanded to roughly 200 locations in Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Suzhou, China. Tong came from a small seaside town called Wenling (温岭), Zhejiang Province, China. This town and the surrounding region is rich in culinary and artisanal traditions that persist into the 21st century. Tong’s family moved to Shanghai when he was nine. As a child Tong was often given bao as a treat from his grandfather as a reward for good behavior on trips to the market. Tong’s obsession with Baozi as a culinary art form was fomented during this early stage of his life, and would become a recurring theme in his professional pursuits. Tom attended Tongji University in Shanghai, one of the world’s leading scientific universities. He studied locomotive engineering, but where he really found his strength and passion was outside the classroom. Tom opened and managed no less than five companies while at Tongji, including a hair salon, shoe store and an Internet café. Tong spent four years in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China doing market research by analyzing eating habits of the local population and studying the successes and failures of other restaurants. Tong focused on finding out what the local population desired in their food and how he could bring it to them consistently and on a large scale, pursuing a reversal of the trend of cheap, unhealthy street food. Tong’s goal was to engineer a successful bao making system that would include a privately owned commissary, vertical integration of ingredients, and a dedicated training center for his staff. This plan eventually included large installations in Shanghai and Hangzhou, as well as the assumption by Ganqishi ( 甘其食) Tom Tong founded Ganqishi at the conclusion of his initial research in Hangzhou. Tong’s founding of Ganqishi was in opposition to what he believed bao had become in modern China: cheap street food, made by machine and frozen before being served. Tong saw an opportunity to elevate the status of a food that was close to his heart, and revive the art of bao making on a larger scale than it had ever been done before. The first ‘Ganqishi’ bao restaurant was opened in 2009 in Hangzhou, and today there are around 200 in Hangzhou, Shanghai, and Suzhou. Tom has expanded into Shanghai, reinvented the layouts of his stores twice, and has gained the attention of countless food journals as well as a huge crowd of loyal customers. In all, Ganqishi customers in China eat over a quarter million bao a day. The first series of Ganqishi stores. This generation focused on sidewalk service from within small store spaces. As of 2015, these stores were all updated to Second Generation standards or shuttered to avoid dilution of the brand. The updated stores and production model saw a re-imagining of many classic recipes, and continued use of the orange-red motif as in the original design. Currently this model of restaurant embodies the majority of Ganqishi’s 200+ locations. As of Summer of 2015, no new second generation stores are being built, as the company shifts toward creating a greener, healthier brand with their Third Generation restaurants. Tom began exploring Rhode Island and Massachusetts on vacation, and decided it was the perfect place to begin a new venture in the US under the name Tom’s BaoBao. The first store is slated to open in June, 2016 in Cambridge Massachusetts’ historic Harvard Square neighborhood. Tom’s BaoBao will also open a second location in Providence, RI in August, 2016. Tong has stated that the food market in southern New England is perfectly positioned for disruption from an authentic Chinese food concept and that he also thinks the opportunity for cultural exchange between China and the US will be strengthened by his company’s introduction to the area. Tong’s business strategy is to train his store-level employees to a higher level than competing fast-casual restaurant concepts in order to allow them to deliver service at fast food speeds while still practicing a traditional culinary art in an artisan style. In order to translate authentic Bao to America, Tong decided that it was necessary to train American employees in the same conditions as his Chinese employees. He accomplished this by sending several waves of staff to China for extensive training. After several months of additional practice at dedicated facilities in the US, the staff was expanded and opening of the first Tom’s BaoBao location in Harvard Square was slated for early Summer, 2016. Tom Tong Tom Tong is a serial entrepreneur and founder of Ganqishi (甘其食) and its American counterpart Tom’s BaoBao. Tong currently resides in Shanghai and Hangzhou, and makes frequent trips to southern New England to oversee the buildup to the grand opening of the first two Tom’s BaoBao locations, slated for late Spring 2016. Over the past decade, Tong has created the Ganqishi brand in China, and has expanded to roughly 200 locations in Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Suzhou, China. Tong came from a small seaside town called Wenling (温岭), Zhejiang Province, China. This town and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Edina, Minnesota Edina ( ) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Edina began as a small farming and milling community in the 1860s. The population was 47,941, . Edina began as part of Richfield Township, Minnesota. By the 1870s, 17 families, most of them immigrating as a result of the potato famine in Ireland, had come to Minnesota and claimed land in the southwest section of what was then Richfield Township. They were followed by settlers from New England and Germany, who claimed additional land near Minnehaha Creek. The Baird and Grimes neighborhoods (which are both listed on the National Register of Historic Places), and the Country Club District (then known as Waterville Mills) are located in the northeast part of Edina, and were among the first areas to be established. The area then known as the Cahill Settlement, at West 70th Street and Cahill Road, was also an early community center and the home of Cahill School. In 1888, the residents of the township held a meeting to consider founding a new village, thus separating themselves from Richfield Township. The idea was favorably accepted by those within the community and a committee was established to oversee the transition. After the decision was made to form a new village, a debate ensued regarding the naming of the new village. Several town meetings were held in the Minnehaha Grange Hall, during which the names Hennepin Park, Westfield and Edina were suggested. Minutes taken by Henry F. Brown, a farmer and future owner (1889) of the Edina Mill, are summarized as follows: At the next meeting, the name Edina was finally chosen with a vote of 47 for and 42 against. There has been a prevailing myth about the decision to name the new village Edina, which states that two opposing communities—the Irish Cahill community and the Scottish Mill community—fought about whether to give the community an Irish name (Killarney Lakes) or a Scottish name (Edina). The 1860 census, however, indicates that there were no Scottish people in Edina in 1860, and only a couple were present at the time of Edina's founding (1888). The first suburban development in Edina occurred during the early 1900s in Morningside, a neighborhood in the northeastern part of the village. As Morningside grew, conflict arose between its residents who wanted more city services, and the residents of the rest of the village who wanted to maintain Edina's rural character. As a result of that conflict, Morningside seceded from Edina in 1920 and became a separate village. In 1966, however, the Village of Morningside once again became part of Edina. Even before its incorporation in 1888, the village was a beacon of racial tolerance. According to historian Deborah Morse-Kahn, the Quaker village that existed where Edina would be built included African American families of Civil War veterans and freed slaves \"became very involved in community life—especially as farmland owners, civic and cultural leaders.\" At the November 1898 general election, J. Frank Wheaton, a Republican African American, was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives representing District 42, which included all of Edina. Wheaton beat his white Democratic opponent in every Minneapolis city ward and in every village within the legislative district, including Edina, even though the legislative district had only approximately 100 African American residents out of a total of 40,000 residents. In the early 20th century suburban development brought discriminatory policies that led to nearly all of the African Americans who had been living in Edina to move away. Jewish residents were also affected by exclusionary deed covenants. In the 1960s, some residents boasted that Edina had \"Not one Negro and not one Jew.\" Many major highways run through or are close to Edina, making it readily accessible to those within the metropolitan area. Minnesota State Highways 62 and 100 divide the City into four sections. U.S. Highway 169 and Minnesota State Highway 100 extend north and south. Interstate 494 and Minnesota State Highway 62 extend east and west. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Residential areas comprise the largest portion of the City, which is now more than 95 percent developed. Within Edina are many different neighborhoods; Highlands, Indian Hills, Morningside, Country Club District, Cahill Village, Chapel Hill, South Harriet Park, Interlachen, Rolling Green, Presidents, Sunnyslope, White Oaks, Parkwood Knolls, Braemar Hills, Birchcrest, Dewey Hill and Hilldale. As of the census of 2010, there were 47,941 people, 20,672 households, and 12,918 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 22,560 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 88.1% White, 3.0% African American, 0.2% Native American, 6.1% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.3% of the population. There were 20,672 households of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.5% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 18% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age in the city was 45.2 years. 24.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21% were from 25 to 44; 29.6% were from 45 to 64; and 20.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female. According to 2012-2016 estimates, the median household income is $91,847 and per capita income is $65,245. According to 2012-2016 estimates, the median value of owner-occupied housing units for was $424,500. Edina Public Schools is the public school district (ISD 273) that serves Edina. It enrolls approximately 8,500 K–12 students and is served by 1,139 teachers and support staff. Edina has one high school, Edina High School. The area is served by two middle schools: (South View Middle School and Valley View Middle School) and six elementary schools (Concord, Creek Valley, Cornelia, Highlands, Countryside, and Normandale). There are three private schools in Edina: Our Lady of Grace Catholic School, Chesterton Academy and Calvin Christian School. The Mankato State University College of Graduate Studies satellite campus. Edina serves as headquarters for several large companies: Jerry's Foods, Lund Food Holdings, Edina Realty, Regis Corporation, and of Dairy Queen, and Orange Julius. The town's most notable shopping centers are Southdale Center, Galleria Edina and 50th & France, which it shares with Minneapolis. According to the city's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, the top ten largest employers in the city are: Fairview Southdale Hospital, Edina Public Schools, the City of Edina, BI Worldwide, Regis, Barr Engineering, Lund Food Holdings, International Dairy Queen Inc., SunOpta, Edina Realty, and FilmTec Corporation, respectively. Highways 62, 100, and 169 as well as Interstate 494 go through or on the border of Edina. Before streetcar service was abandoned in 1954, the Twin Cities Rapid Transit Company's Lake Minnetonka Line went through Edina paralleling 44th Street on dedicated right-of-way. After streetcar service was abandoned, the right-of-way was developed as single family housing. The Dan Patch Line and successor Minneapolis Northfield & Southern Railway operated interurban service through Edina until 1942. Although in poor condition and rated for speeds less than 35 mph the tracks are still used by freight trains. Under the Dan Patch Corridor proposal commuter trains would operate between Minneapolis and Northfield with a", "Dairy Queen Inc., SunOpta, Edina Realty, and FilmTec Corporation, respectively. Highways 62, 100, and 169 as well as Interstate 494 go through or on the border of Edina. Before streetcar service was abandoned in 1954, the Twin Cities Rapid Transit Company's Lake Minnetonka Line went through Edina paralleling 44th Street on dedicated right-of-way. After streetcar service was abandoned, the right-of-way was developed as single family housing. The Dan Patch Line and successor Minneapolis Northfield & Southern Railway operated interurban service through Edina until 1942. Although in poor condition and rated for speeds less than 35 mph the tracks are still used by freight trains. Under the Dan Patch Corridor proposal commuter trains would operate between Minneapolis and Northfield with a station in Edina, requiring hundreds of millions of dollars of upgrades to the rail tracks. After two feasibility studies in excesses of $500k finding the proposal impractical a legislative gag order was placed on the project in 2002 in response to widespread community opposition to the project. In 2017 the Edina City Council again conducted a study on the pros and cons of passenger rail on the Dan Patch Line. The conclusion was to not pursue passenger rail at this time (as of 2018). Edina's parkland and open space totals more than . The Edina Park and Recreation Department oversees 44 parks, which include amenities such as baseball, football and soccer fields; softball diamonds; basketball and tennis courts; outdoor skating rinks; playground equipment for young children; and picnic shelters. The Department also maintains eight miles (13 km) of scenic pathways for bicycling, walking, jogging, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing. Besides overseeing the parks, the Edina Park & Recreation Department is also responsible for the operation of 10 arts, community, and recreation facilities within the city including Braemar Golf Course, Braemar Ice Rink, Centennial Lakes Park, and Edinborough Park. Minnehaha Creek and Nine Mile Creek. There are two country clubs located in Edina, the Edina Country Club and the Interlachen Country Club. Edina hosts Venkateswara Temple, Minnesota a Hindu Temple for the over 40,000 hindus residing in the Minneapolis-St Paul area. The following is a list of notable people who were either born in, lived in, are current residents of, or are otherwise closely associated with the city of Edina: Edina, Minnesota Edina ( ) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Edina began as a small farming and milling community in the 1860s. The population was 47,941, . Edina began as part of Richfield Township, Minnesota. By the 1870s, 17 families, most of them immigrating as a result of the potato" ] }