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{ "retrieved": [ "Basin (chanson de geste) Basin is a \"chanson de geste\" about Charlemagne's childhood. While the Old French epic poem has been lost, the story has come down to us via a 13th-century Norse prose version in the \"Karlamagnús saga\". At the death of his father, an angel warns the young Charlemagne to take to the Ardennes and join up with the notorious thief Basin. During their adventures, Charlemagne learns of a plot to kill him and, in the end, the traitors are discovered, Charlemagne is crowned and Basin the thief is rewarded. The traitors in the story (Rainfroi and Helpri) are most likely based on Chilperic and Ragenfrid who were defeated by Charles Martel in 717 CE. It is unknown if the author was acquainted with an 11th-century version of these events called \"Passio Agilolfi\". In chansons de geste \"Berthe aus grans piés\" and \"Mainet\", Rainfroi and Heudri are the illegitimate sons of King Pepin the Short and the false Queen Aliste and therefore the half-brothers of Prince Charlemagne. The names of the traitors in Basin were passed on to two other \"chansons de geste\" about Charlemagne's youth: \"Mainet\" and \"Berthe aus grans piés\". A twelfth century Dutch epic with a similar plot survives as \"\". Basin (chanson de geste) Basin is a \"chanson de geste\" about Charlemagne's childhood. While the Old French epic poem has been lost, the story has come down to us via a 13th-century Norse prose version in the \"Karlamagnús saga\". At the death of his father, an angel warns the young Charlemagne to take to the Ardennes and join up with the notorious thief Basin. During their adventures, Charlemagne learns of a plot to kill him and, in the end, the traitors are discovered, Charlemagne is crowned and Basin the thief is rewarded. The traitors" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Embassy of Japan, Seoul The Embassy of Japan in Seoul () is the diplomatic mission of Japan in South Korea. It is located in Seoul, South Korea's capital. The current embassy was opened in 18 December 1965, following the re-establishment of relations between the two countries, under its first ambassador, Toshikatsu Maeda. In addition to this embassy, Japan also has two consulates in South Korea: one in Busan and one in Jeju. The building has been described as \"a large, red brick structure surrounded by high, barbed-wire-topped walls and guarded at all hours by dozens of police officers\". In 2015, renovation work begun on the embassy's current building, built in 1976. The embassy is known as the site of numerous South Korean anti-Japanese demonstrations. In 1974 the embassy was ransacked by angry protesters, during a time of heightened tensions between Japan and South Korea. In 2005 two South Koreans sliced off their fingers during a protest related to the Liancourt Rocks dispute, outside the embassy. In 2012 a South Korean driver rammed his truck against the gate of the embassy, claiming it was done to highlight the Liancourt Rocks dispute. Since 1992 the embassy has been a site of weekly Wednesday demonstrations, related to the comfort women issue. The controversial Statue of Peace, related to the comfort women issue, was unveiled in front of the embassy in 2011, causing another lengthy diplomatic row between Japan and South Korea. In 2012 a Chinese man threw four Molotov cocktails at the embassy to voice his anger over the comfort women issue. In 2015 an elderly South Korean man set himself on fire during a weekly Wednesday demonstration. Embassy of Japan, Seoul The Embassy of Japan in Seoul () is the diplomatic mission of Japan in South Korea. It is located in Seoul," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Francesco Suriano Francesco Suriano (1445-after 1481) was an Italian friar of the Franciscan order, who wrote a guide for travel to the Holy Land. He was born in 1445 to a noble family of Venice. He may have first travelled to Alexandria, Egypt in 1462, as a young man. At age 25, he entered the monastery of San Francesco della Vigna in Venice. His skills at travel may have played a role to his assignment as a guardian in the convent of Beirut, Lebanon in 1480-1481. At sometime in 1485, with the help from a nun, Sister Catherine Guarnieri da Osimo acting as a scribe in the Monastery of St Clares in Foligno, Francesco wrote his treatise: Il trattato di Terra Santa e dell'Oriente By Francesco Suriano, republished in 1900 by Girolamo Golubovich. Suriano’s treatise is tendentious, imbued with a great deal of religiosity, and justifications of the superiority of Catholicism to all other religions. It is also stained by bigotry, aimed at Orthodox Christians, who he viewed as heretical, and Muslims and Jews, who he viewed as despicable. In chapter 1 of the second part, he claims Muhammad was descended of Ishmaelites. For example, he enumerates all the different sects that share the custody of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. But in Chapter 38, he evinces his deep anti-semitism. He claims that among all sects and religions, Jews are maligned and mistreated by all, as is the “just judgement of God’’. Even in Jerusalem, where he claims they committed the sin for which God had dispersed them throughout the world, they suffer and are afflicted. They are splintered into feuding groups. He claims that Muslims hold them in lower regard than Christians, and treat them like dogs, and dare not even touch them. In addition, it claims they often convert to Islam or Orthodoxy in order to gain in disputes with other Jews. He speaks regarding the location of the cave used by Adam and Eve after being expelled from the Garden, the place where Abraham circumscribed Isaac, the church where the Virgen was buried, where Zacharias and Absalom are buried, the house of Caiphas and Anne, the tomb of the site of the last supper, and the houses and burial plots of many biblical figures as if they still stood and were clearly identified. He claims some of the orders are sustained by the patronage of European royalty. He also mentions a trip to Saint Catherine's Monastery in Sinai. The text is often interrupted with prayers, and he discusses miracles and indulgences. He also speaks of spices of indo-Asia and of Portuguese towns in India. He also quotes an epistle sent to Prester John (Prete Ianne), by the guardian of Mount Syon, Paulo de Chanedo. The letter addresses the king in Ethiopia, and sends in 1480 priests and teachers to instruct him in the true faith, and extirpate heresies, including Franciscan priest. He claims the Sultan was fearful of allowing such priest to travel south, because they might cause him to be encircled by Christians. He gives first hand notes of a trip south of Cairo through the Nile for 30 days till arriving to Nachada, from there went west to a town of Acherman, using camels traveled in four days to Chosairo on the Indian Ocean. There they sailed for Sevachim, an Arabian port. From there they went to Achanon, then Alech and Dassi, from where they rode camels to the Moorish town of Menna. From there a trek of fifteen days, they entered Ethiopia and were sent from one prominent man to another, from the town of Maria to Fendun, then Reeldete, then Vaansol. They traveled on mule for nearly two weeks to the Church of the King, and saw an ornate Italianate organ. From there to Chiafeg and Barar, the site of the court. In the court they encountered a number of Italians, who had ventured there in search of jewels and riches, but now found themselves not permitted to leave by the king. He describes Ethiopia as brutish and without invention, almost entirely lacking solid architecture. He describes the soldiers as being branded with the royal symbol. They go shirtless and shoeless. He describes them as pusillanimous in habitus, weak, but zealous in faith and spirit. He speaks of ostriches and Giraffes. The former, he claims, eats iron. The latter. \"Giraphe\", he describes as \"one cubit taller front than back; front legs are longer than hind legs, speckled like leopards...the neck longer than the hind legs, and it is a superb animal and boastful, beautiful to see, the small head, with lively eyes, that brings incredible joy to their caretakers. He travels to the Holy Land a few decades earlier than the account of Pietro Casola. Francesco Suriano Francesco Suriano (1445-after 1481) was" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Buddleja davidii 'Tobudviole' = Buzz Lavender The series of Buddleja davidii cultivars was released to commerce in the UK in 2009, the result of seven years' intensive breeding and selection by Charles Valin of the UK's Thomson & Morgan nursery. ' is also sold as depending on country of sale. The buddlejas make comparatively small, compact, rounded shrubs reaching 1.5 m in height, but still significantly larger than the rival American dwarf 'Blue Chip' series introduced slightly earlier and derived from complex hybrids. cultivars are relative newcomers, but already well established in the UK; they are included in the NCCPG national buddleja collection held by Longstock Park Nursery near Stockbridge, Hampshire.Hardiness: USDA zones 7–9. Buddleja davidii 'Tobudviole' = Buzz Lavender The series of Buddleja davidii cultivars was released to commerce in the UK in 2009, the result of seven years' intensive breeding and selection by Charles Valin of the UK's Thomson & Morgan nursery. ' is also sold as depending on country of sale. The buddlejas make comparatively small, compact, rounded shrubs reaching 1.5 m in height, but still significantly larger than the rival American dwarf 'Blue Chip' series introduced slightly earlier and derived from complex hybrids. cultivars are relative" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Ford 7W The Ford 7W Ten is a car built by Ford UK between 1937 and 1938. The car was an updated version of the Model C Ten with the same 1172 cc engine and three speed gearbox, and used the same transverse leaf front and rear suspension. The chassis now featured a stiffer braced design, and the brakes were mechanical and bought in from Girling. The attractive 7W Ten body style, available in both two and four door configurations and the first small English Ford model with an externally accessed luggage compartment, was the precursor to the first model to carry the 'Prefect' badge in 1939 (albeit in four door form only) and which ran to 1953 as models E93A and E493A. 41,665 7Ws were built. Ford 7W The Ford 7W Ten is a car built by Ford UK between 1937 and 1938. The car was an updated version of the Model C Ten with the same 1172 cc engine and three speed gearbox, and used the same transverse leaf front and rear suspension. The chassis now featured a stiffer braced design, and the brakes were mechanical and bought in from Girling. The attractive 7W Ten body style, available" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Hierarchical classifier A hierarchical classifier is a classifier that maps input data into defined subsumptive output categories. The classification occurs first on a low-level with highly specific pieces of input data. The classifications of the individual pieces of data are then combined systematically and classified on a higher level iteratively until one output is produced. This final output is the overall classification of the data. Depending on application-specific details, this output can be one of a set of pre-defined outputs, one of a set of on-line learned outputs, or even a new novel classification that hasn't been seen before. Generally, such systems rely on relatively simple individual units of the hierarchy that have only one universal function to do the classification. In a sense, these machines rely on the power of the hierarchical structure itself instead of the computational abilities of the individual components. This makes them relatively simple, easily expandable, and very powerful. Many applications exist that are efficiently implemented using hierarchical classifiers or variants thereof. One such example lies in the area of computer vision. Recognizing pictures is something that hierarchical processing can do well. The reason the model is so well fit to this application is that pictures can intuitively be viewed as a collection of components or objects. These objects can be viewed as collections of smaller components like shapes, which can be viewed as collections of lines, and so on. This coincides directly with the way hierarchical processing works. If a simple unit of the processing hierarchy can classify lines into shapes, then an equivalent unit could process shapes into objects (of course, there are some intermediate steps between these, but the idea is there). Thus, if you arrange these generic classifying units in a hierarchical fashion (using a directed acyclic graph), a full step-by-step classification can ensue from pixels of color all the way up to an abstract label of what is in the picture. There are a lot of similar applications that can also be tackled by hierarchical classification such as written text recognition, robot awareness, etc. It is possible that mathematical models and problem solving methods can also be represented in this fashion. If this is the case, future research in this area could lead to very successful automated theorem provers across multiple domains. Such developments would be very powerful, but is yet unclear how exactly these models are applicable. Hierarchical classifier" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "1980–81 Cypriot Second Division The 1980–81 Cypriot Second Division was the 26th season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Evagoras Paphos won their 3rd title. Fourteen teams participated in the 1980–81 Cypriot Second Division. All teams played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season crowned champions. The first two teams were promoted to 1981–82 Cypriot First Division. The last two teams were relegated to the 1981–82 Cypriot Third Division. Teams received two points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss. Teams promoted to 1980–81 Cypriot First Division Teams relegated from 1979–80 Cypriot First Division Teams promoted from 1979–80 Cypriot Third Division Teams relegated to 1980–81 Cypriot Third Division 1980–81 Cypriot Second Division The 1980–81 Cypriot Second Division was the 26th season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Evagoras Paphos won their 3rd title. Fourteen teams participated in the 1980–81 Cypriot Second Division. All teams played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season crowned champions. The first two teams were promoted to" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Leonidas D. Robinson Leonidas Dunlap Robinson (April 22, 1867 – November 7, 1941) was a U.S. Representative from North Carolina. Born in Gulledge Township, North Carolina, Robinson attended the common schools. He moved to Wadesboro in 1888. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1889 and practiced in Wadesboro. He served as delegate to every Democratic State convention 1888-1941. He served as mayor of Wadesboro 1890-1893. He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1894 and 1900. He was appointed solicitor of the thirteenth judicial district in 1901. Robinson was elected to the same office in 1902 and served in that capacity until 1910, when he resigned. He became president of the Bank of Wadesboro in 1910. He served as delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1912, 1920, and 1924. Robinson was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-fifth and Sixty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1921). He declined to be a candidate for renomination. He resumed banking and also engaged in agricultural pursuits. He died in Wadesboro, North Carolina, November 7, 1941. He was interred in Eastview Cemetery. Leonidas D. Robinson Leonidas Dunlap Robinson (April 22, 1867 – November 7," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Elma Napier Elma Napier (née Gordon-Cumming; 23 March 1892 – 12 November 1973), also known as Elma Gibbs and by the pen-name Elizabeth Garner, was a Scottish-born writer and politician who lived most of her life in the Caribbean island of Dominica. She published several novels and memoirs based on her life, and was the first woman elected to a Caribbean parliament. Born Elma Gordon-Cumming in Scotland, the eldest of five siblings born to Sir William Gordon-Cumming, a Lieutenant-Colonel in the 4th Battalion, The Scots Guards (1848–1930) and his wife, Florence Josephine Gordon-Cumming (née Garner; 1870–1922), an heiress whose own fortunes would slump during the marriage. Elma's father was a landowner, soldier, adventurer and socialite. Elma's siblings were: Elma later adopted her mother's maiden name as a pen name. Her Army officer father's reputation had been ruined shortly before her birth, in what became known as the Royal Baccarat Scandal. In 1891, he was accused of cheating in a game of baccarat with the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), Sir William sued for defamation and lost. As a result of the scandal, Gordon-Cumming was dismissed from the army the day after the trial Elma came to understand that she was expected to rehabilitate the family by entering a good marriage. In 1912, she married Captain Maurice Antony Crutchley Gibbs (1888–1974), a businessman, with whom she had two children: Ronald and Daphne. The couple moved to Australia, where they lived for nine years until Elma met and fell in love with another English businessman, Lennox Pelham Napier (1891–1940). Elma divorced, losing custody of her children in the process. Elma and Lennox married in 1924, and had two more children, Patricia and Michael. The couple remained wed until Lennox's death in 1940. The Napiers first visited Dominica, then a British colony, while on a Caribbean cruise in 1931. They moved there the following year, settling near Calibishie, at a house they built and named Pointe Baptiste. Her daughter by her first husband, Daphne, now 20, also came to live with them. Lennox died in 1940. Elma was first elected to the colony's Legislative Council that year, where she championed local government and development in the form of village boards and cooperative ventures. She became involved in local conservation efforts to preserve Dominica's forests. Elma remained at Pointe Baptiste, entertaining guests who included Somerset Maugham, Noël Coward, Patrick Leigh Fermor, and Princess Margaret. Napier wrote two novels, both set in Dominica, that were published in the 1930s. She wrote three memoirs, each covering a different stage of her life. \"Youth is a Blunder\" dealt with her youth; \"Winter Is In July\" was mostly about her life in Australia. \"Black and White Sands\", about her life in Dominica, was written in 1962, but first published in 2009. She periodically wrote articles for \"The Manchester Guardian\". Napier died at Calibishie, Dominica on 12 November 1973, aged 81. She was buried, alongside her husband, near Pointe Baptiste. She was posthumously honored by Dominica (which became independent in 1978) with a postage stamp bearing her portrait. Her grandson, Lennox Honychurch, is a Dominican historian and former politician. Elma Napier Elma Napier (née Gordon-Cumming; 23 March 1892 – 12 November 1973), also known as Elma Gibbs and by the pen-name Elizabeth Garner, was a Scottish-born writer and politician who lived most of her life in the Caribbean island of Dominica. She published several novels and memoirs based on her life, and was the first woman elected to a Caribbean parliament. Born Elma Gordon-Cumming in Scotland, the eldest of five siblings born to Sir William Gordon-Cumming, a" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Vladimir Kenigson Vladimir Vladimirovich Kenigson, or Königson () was born November 7, 1907 in the family of barrister Vladimir Petrovich Kenigson in Simferopol, the Russian Empire. Swede by birth. Vladimir Kenigson graduated from the school at Simferopol Drama Theatre in 1925 and was admitted to the theater group. Then he played at the theater in Kuibyshev, Dnepropetrovsk and other cities. He was noticed on the stage by Alexander Tairov and was invited into their group. In the years 1940-1949 Kenigson worked in Kamerny Theatre under the direction of A. Tairov, where he became a partner Alisa Koonen - in the performances of \"Madame Bovary\" (Rodolphe) and \"Guilty Without Guilt\" (Neznamov). After the closure of the Kamerny Theatre in 1949 on the advice of Tairov joined the Maly Academic Theatre. At the same time Vladimir Kenigson starred in the Mikheil Chiaureli's film \"The Fall of Berlin\", where he played the role of the Nazi general Krebs. For this, Kenigson was awarded the Stalin Prize by Joseph Stalin himself, who was delighted with his performance. Therefore, from the very first steps on one of the oldest Russian scenes Kenigson took the leading position in the company. From 1949-1986 Kenigson was a permanent member of the troupe at Maly Academic Theatre in Moscow. There his stage partners were such stars as Elena Gogoleva, Vera Pashennaya, Elina Bystritskaya, Boris Babochkin, Mikhail Zharov, Nikolay Annenkov, Viktor Pavlov, Yury Solomin and many other notable Soviet and Russian actors. He played over 60 roles on stage and 30 roles in film and on TV. In addition to roles in movies he worked on dubbing of foreign films and cartoons, actors who talk with his voice: Jean Gabin, Louis de Funès and Totò. Vladimir Kenigson is buried at the Vagankovo Cemetery at the 58th site, next to his son-in-law Alexey Eybozhenko. Vladimir Kenigson Vladimir Vladimirovich Kenigson, or Königson () was born November 7, 1907 in the family of barrister Vladimir Petrovich Kenigson in Simferopol, the Russian Empire. Swede by birth. Vladimir Kenigson graduated from the school at Simferopol Drama Theatre in 1925 and was admitted to the theater group. Then he played at the theater in Kuibyshev, Dnepropetrovsk and other cities. He was noticed on the stage by Alexander Tairov and was invited into their group. In the years 1940-1949 Kenigson worked in Kamerny Theatre under the direction of A. Tairov, where he became a partner Alisa Koonen" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Anastasios Donis Anastasios \"Tasos\" Donis (; born 29 August 1996) is a Greek footballer who plays as a forward for VfB Stuttgart as well as the Greece national football team. In January 2013, Donis moved from Panathinaikos to Juventus for €300,000. The move was completed in May 2012, where he signed a three–year professional contract. He became a star in the Primavera in Turin, scoring 17 goals in 45 games in both Campionato Nazionale Primavera and UEFA Youth League. This included scoring a hat–trick against Spezia U19 on 25 January 2014. He also scored twice on two occasions against Siena U19 and Cesena U19. On 2 February 2015, Donis joined Serie A side Sassuolo on loan for the remainder of the 2014–2015 season. However, he made no appearances for Sassuolo, as he was sidelined, due to being on the substitute bench and his own injury concerns. In summer 2015, Donis joined Lugano for the 2015–16 season. However, he suffered an injury that saw him missed the start of the season. He didn’t make his debut until on 13 September 2015, where he came on as a substitute for Domagoj Pušić, in a 3–0 loss against FC Sion. Six days later, Donis scored his first goal for the club, in the second round of Swiss Cup, in a 3–2 win over AC Bellinzona after the game went extra time. On 2 March 2016, he scored twice against FC Luzern to help his side progress to the final of the Swiss Cup for the first time in 23 years.. He went on to score four goals in the competition; this includes scoring twice against FC Thun on 17 April 2016 and then netted the last goal on 25 May 2016 to seal the victory against St.Gallen on the last matchday of the season, helping his club avoid relegation. On 29 May 2016, Lugano lost 1–0 against relegated FC Zürich in the final of the Swiss Cup. Despite being sidelined on three more occasions later in the season, He ended his loan to Lugano with 8 goals and 7 assists in 29 appearances across all competitions. On 20 July 2016, Ligue 1 club OGC Nice officially announced that Donis had joined them on loan from Juventus. Nice had an option to buy him at the end of the season. On 14 August 2016, matchday 1 of the 2016–17 Ligue 1 season, he made his debut for Nice as a substitute in a 1–0 win against Rennes. On 3 November 2016, he made his international club debut appearing as a substitute late in the match in a 2–0 home loss against FC Red Bull Salzburg in a 2016–17 UEFA Europa League group stage match. Donis played a total of just 79 minutes in Ligue 1 before 12 February 2017 with all of them coming as substitute appearances. On 12 February, he replaced the injured Alassane Pléa in the 43rd minute with Nice losing 2–0 against Rennes and scored In the 59th minute contributing to a 2–2 draw. On 10 March 2017, he came on as a substitute and scored the leveller in the 77th minute of a league home game against SM Caen. Then, on 30 April 2017, he scored his fourth goal of the season, in a 3–1 win over Paris Saint-Germain, a win that saw but cost their chance of successfully defending their league title, which Monaco ultimately won. Three weeks later, on the last matchday of the season, he netted a brace in a 3–3 away draw against Olympique Lyonnais. At the end of the season, with the club finished third place in a table, Donis finished the season, making twenty–two appearances and scoring five times in all competitions. Despite keen on staying at Nice for another season, Nice chose not to exercise their option to sign Donis for €2 million. On 1 July 2017, Donis moved to VfB Stuttgart and signed a four-year-contract. Media estimated the transfer fee paid to Juventus is set at €4.2 million, while his former club Juventus will keep a future 20% resale rate, while the release clause of his contract set to €23 million. On 13 August 2017, he made his debut with the club as a substitute in an away DFB Pokal game against FC Energie Cottbus. On 13 October 2017, Donis scored his first goal in Bundesliga, giving his club a half-time lead to a 2–1 home win game against 1. FC Köln. On 18 October 2017, Donis dislocated his shoulder in training and will miss between five and six weeks, the club confirmed. Stuttgart announced that despite the injury, 21-year-old Donis will not undergo an operation and will instead go through a normal rehabilitation process. On 13 December 2017, in his return to the squad, Donis had a muscular reaction in the first half of an away game against TSG 1899 Hoffenheim that will probably keep him out of action between two and three weeks. He then returned to the first team from injury on 13 January 2018, where he started and played 58 minutes before being substituted, in a 1–0 win over Hertha BSC. For the rest of the 2017–18 season, Donis spent the most of the time on the substitute bench. On 12 May 2018, he scored and gave an assist as Stuttgart won 4–1 on the final day of 2017–18 Bundesliga season to end Bayern's 37-game unbeaten home run in the Bundesliga. At the end of the 2017–18 season, Donis finished his first season at VfB Stuttgart, making nineteen appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. Ahead of the 2018–19 season, it was announced that Donis was going to stay at VfB Stuttgart for another season. His first appearance of the season came on 18 August 2018, where he came on as a substitute, in a 2–0 loss against Hansa Rostock. He soon found himself behind the pecking order in the first team at VfB Stuttgart at the start of the season. On 29 September 2018, he scored his first goal in the season in a 2–1 home win game against SV Werder Bremen as he raced past the static visiting defence Miloš Veljković, charged beyond onrushing goalkeeper Jiří Pavlenka and scored in an empty net. On 1 December 2018, he scored the only goal as Santiago Ascacíbar right out to Andreas Beck, whose cross pass takes Donis directly and hits by low shot from 16 meters into the left corner, sealing a 1-0 home win game against FC Augsburg. Donis has represented Greece on multiple levels. He would also be eligible to play for England through birth but opted to play for Greece instead. In October 2013, Donis was called up to the Greece U19 for the first time. He made his Greece U19 debut, where he started the match before coming off in the first half, as they lose 3–0 to Austria U19 on 16 October 2013. A month later, he scored two goals between 14 November 2013 and 17 November 2013 against Bulgaria U19 and Over the next two years, playing for the U19 side, Donis went on to make thirteen appearances and scoring two times. In March 2016, Donis was called up for the Greece U21 for the first time. He made his Greece U21 debut on 24 March 2016 against Albania U21, starting the whole game, in a 0–0 draw. Seven months later, on 10 October 2016, he scored his first Greece U21 goal, in a 3–1 win over Hungary U21. On 1 June 2017 he was called up in Greece national squad for the fixture against Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 9 June 2017, he made his debut for Greece as he came on as a substitution for injured Tasos Bakasetas, in a 0–0 draw. Two months later, on 31 August 2017, Donis made his first start for the national team and played the whole game, in a 0–0 draw against Estonia. Anastasios Donis comes from a family of footballers. His father Giorgos Donis was a professional footballer and Greece International, while his older brother, Christos Donis, currently plays for Panathinaikos. Both Christos and Anastasios played together when they were at Lugano. Anastasios, nicknamed \"Tasos\", was born in Blackburn during his father's time at Blackburn Rovers. Because he was born in England, Donis has a British passport. In addition to speaking Greek, Donis also speaks Italian, which he learned from his time at Juventus. Anastasios Donis Anastasios \"Tasos\" Donis (; born 29 August 1996) is a Greek footballer who plays as a forward for VfB Stuttgart as well as the Greece national football team. In January 2013, Donis moved from Panathinaikos to Juventus for €300,000. The", "Anastasios Donis comes from a family of footballers. His father Giorgos Donis was a professional footballer and Greece International, while his older brother, Christos Donis, currently plays for Panathinaikos. Both Christos and Anastasios played together when they were at Lugano. Anastasios, nicknamed \"Tasos\", was born in Blackburn during his father's time at Blackburn Rovers. Because he was born in England, Donis has a British passport. In addition to speaking Greek, Donis also speaks Italian, which he learned from his time at Juventus. Anastasios Donis Anastasios \"Tasos\" Donis (; born 29 August 1996) is a Greek footballer who plays as a forward for VfB Stuttgart as well as the Greece national football team. In January 2013, Donis moved from Panathinaikos to Juventus for €300,000. The move was completed in May 2012, where he signed a three–year professional contract. He became a star in the Primavera in Turin, scoring 17 goals in 45 games in both Campionato Nazionale Primavera and UEFA Youth League. This included scoring a hat–trick against Spezia U19 on 25 January 2014. He also scored twice on two occasions against" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Comedic journalism Comedic journalism is a new form of journalism, popularized in the twenty-first century, that incorporates a comedic tone to transmit the news to mass audiences, using humour and/or satire to relay a point in news reports. Comedic journalism has been applied to print media in the past but has experienced a resurgence through the medium of television with shows such as \"The Daily Show\", \"Last Week Tonight with John Oliver\", and \"The Rick Mercer Report\". Conversely, there has been much criticism about defining these media outlets as “journalism”, since some scholars believe there should be a distinction kept between comedy and journalism. An early example of comedic journalism in Canada is \"Frank\" magazine, founded in Nova Scotia in 1987. According to their website, \"Frank\" is a source of news, satire, opinion, comment and humour. They were inspired by the UK magazine \"Private Eye\", which also uses satire and comedy when reporting on current affairs. \"Frank\" not only focuses on current affairs, but also existing stories long after they have disappeared from mainstream news media. Many consider the magazine to be a “scandal sheet”, a news source that should not be taken seriously. However, \"Frank\" magazine’s counter-argument is that the only thing “wicked” about them is how they expose the sins of others. In 1989, \"Frank\" magazine also started circulating in Ottawa. This version of the magazine was not as popular as the original and stopped circulation both in print and online in 2008. Publisher Michael Bates believed that the downfall of the magazine was the rise in popularity of the satirical form of journalism in the twenty-first century. He explained that they had the field of satirical journalism to themselves in the 1990s, but more publications started to pick up this form of journalism and the Ottawa magazine could no longer compete. He also mentioned the rise of the internet as a cause for the new popularity of this form of media. James W. Carey did not believe that journalists could be defined as conveyors of information. Instead, he presented two alternate viewpoints of communication: the transmission view of communication and the ritual view of communication. The transmission view of communication highlights the importance of information being sent out over large distances in order to convey knowledge and ideas to a mass audience. This viewpoint is more commonly seen in industrial communities where focus is put on the extension of the message. Alternatively, the ritual viewpoint of communication focuses more on the sharing of information amongst a large group of people. Therefore, the focus is not on the extension of the message, but towards the maintenance of society over time. Carey argued that this viewpoint is not as prevalent in American society because the concept of culture is weak in American social thought. Carey’s transmission viewpoint of communication is evident in traditional forms of journalism because the main purpose is to report the news in an objective manner in order to transmit information to a mass audience without any external viewpoints being included. This form of journalism is very informational and acts as an instrument for disseminating news and information in a packaged format across large distances. An example of this would be daily newspapers because they are packaged and send out bits of information, their sole purpose being to transmit the news to a mass audience. Alternatively, comedic journalism employs a ritualistic viewpoint of communication in the way it presents the news. Their main focus is not just to transmit information, but to place that information in a cultural context. This form of journalism reports news in a subjective manner in order to portray the information in a particular way. Therefore, comedic journalists are able to integrate different cultural viewpoints in their reporting of the news, which creates an element of community amongst their audience. Journalist Katerina Cizek describes the importance of the relationship between journalism and community in her article “When Community and Journalism Converge”. Cizek claims that she encountered journalism only when she had come to an understanding of community. In the summer of 1990, Cizek was assigned as a photojournalist on the Oka Crisis in Ottawa. This involved a confrontation between the Canadian government and armed forces against a Mohawk community. Experiencing the event first-hand and later watching the events through news media, Cizek realized the troubling disconnect between what she was watching and what had actually occurred. The news reports did not accurately represent the views of the Mohawk community that she had witnessed. Those who did report on the community’s interests were ridiculed and accused of Stockholm syndrome. Therefore, traditional news media would only accept the viewpoints of those in power and ignored the importance of the community’s viewpoint. Joy Mayer also explains the importance of this disconnect in her article, “Engaging Communities: Content and Conversation”. Mayer proposes a new element that needs to be integrated in today’s journalism which is the obligation to make a connection with those they are reporting to. This stems from her issue with the separation between journalists and community. She blames this distancing on the notion of objectivity that is prevalent in traditional forms of news media. This is because journalists are forced to make a disconnection in order to report the news in a fair manner. As a result, traditional forms of news media provide only a limited and emotionless account of news events. Comedic journalism has attracted a large following, and one cause is the increasing cynicism found in and inspired by traditional news sources. Since the income of a news source is tied to their number of viewers, many news sources will do whatever it takes to gain the public’s attention. This includes reporting on the information journalists and media elite genuinely think the public should know, however, this also includes alternative attention-drawing tactics such as “attack journalism,” portraying politics as “endlessly adversarial,” and contributing to a “feeding frenzy,” or excessive press coverage of an embarrassing or scandalous subject. Scandals and drama are effective in drawing viewers, but facing negative topics or the sensational reporting style again and again can frustrate viewers. The comedic, satirical portrayal of happenings in comedy news sources can offer an alternative method of receiving news, one that is frequently received in a positive light due to its entertaining qualities. This in turn has enabled comedic journalism to not just survive in the competitive world of news coverage, but to thrive in drawing significant audiences. With the range of their voice, the influential capability of comedic journalism grows. Joe Hale Cutbirth in his article “Satire as Journalism: The Daily Show and American Politics at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century” explains the recent popularity of satirical journalism and relates this to the sense of community that viewers feel through this form of journalism. In comparison to traditional forms of news media, which are objective and authoritative, current forms of news media have evolved with popularity due to an independent and personal voice that is reporting the news to viewers with tools such as comedy and satire. Cutbirth uses the example of \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\", where news events are reported in a satirical manner by comedian Jon Stewart. Through his form of news reporting, audiences are able to make a connection to the news he is reporting on and feel as though their concerns and values are being incorporated in the news. Stewart is using comedy as a form of communication which provides the audience with a sense of emotion that they do not get with traditional news media. Cutbirth also raises", "through this form of journalism. In comparison to traditional forms of news media, which are objective and authoritative, current forms of news media have evolved with popularity due to an independent and personal voice that is reporting the news to viewers with tools such as comedy and satire. Cutbirth uses the example of \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\", where news events are reported in a satirical manner by comedian Jon Stewart. Through his form of news reporting, audiences are able to make a connection to the news he is reporting on and feel as though their concerns and values are being incorporated in the news. Stewart is using comedy as a form of communication which provides the audience with a sense of emotion that they do not get with traditional news media. Cutbirth also raises Carey’s argument on the significance of journalism for the public sphere. He argues that if news sources only reflect the interests of few (usually the elites in society), people will not involve themselves in public life. Therefore, by Stewart’s integration of different viewpoints and emotions on news events, his viewers feel they can relate to Stewart and others who are also following his show, creating a sense of community and integration into public life. The following three television shows can be viewed as modern examples of comedic journalism. The hosts of these shows report on current news events, using a comedic tone to highlight the issues that the audience should take away from the reports. \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\" started in January 1999, when Jon Stewart took over the hosting position from Craig Kilborn. The show was presented as a comedy show where news was reported in a satirical manner, mocking the way it was originally presented and reported in traditional forms of news media. Stewart has long denied considering himself a journalist and claims that his show reports on “fake news”. However, studies have shown that many young adults rely on his show for political information. In one survey, Stewart was voted the most trusted news source in the United States. The satirical nature of his show has exposed flaws in the objective news reporting of traditional media. As a result, audiences have turned to Stewart for a more intellectual and emotional account of news, which was lacking in their experience with traditional news media. Geoffrey Baym also argues that \"The Daily Show\" is not “fake news”, but a new form of journalism that draws on the genres of news, comedy, and television talk shows in order to report in a critical and democratic manner. In Season 15, Episode 161, Stewart invites four 9/11 first responders onto the show, all of whom were dying as a result of their involvement during 9/11. Stewart speaks to the men about the Bill that was being passed to add health related funds for people involved in 9/11. Before their appearance on this show, the Republicans were still deciding if the law should be passed. Although Stewart reported this news in a humorous manner, this form of journalism had such an impact that the Republicans felt “embarrassed” by what was shown on his show and passed the law. In a New York Times article written about this episode, Stewart is compared to Edward R. Murrow, a famous journalist in the past, legitimizing him as a journalist. The Daily Show with Jon Stewart ended in 2015 and replaced with The Daily Show with Trevor Noah. \"The Colbert Report\" started in October 2005 with Stephen Colbert as the host, writer and executive producer of the show. Like Stewart, Colbert reports the news in a satirical manner, focusing on political news. He uses different segments in his episodes such as, “Tip of the Hat, Wag of the Finger” and “Bears and Balls”. During these segments, Colbert discusses current news events and does not hold back from sharing his opinion on the stories. As he puts it in one episode, he not only gives his audience his two cents worth, but a whole bag of quarters. The cheers of the audience as he reports these segments illuminates the feelings of a community because the viewer knows there is a group of people who are laughing at Colbert along with themselves. Also, his high strung attitude in his reports creates a feeling of passion with the stories he is reporting on, causing the audience to have a deeper emotional connection with the news events that he reports on. In season five of \"The Colbert Report\", Colbert launched his series of “Operation Iraqi Stephen: Going Commando” where he taped his shows in Iraq and became the first TV show in US history to produce shows in a combat zone. Although the title of the series is comedic, Colbert pushes the limit of journalism and gives his viewers a closer look at one of the most prevalent current affairs in the United States. He was bothered by the fact that the economic crisis in the United States had become the prevalent issue in the news. Not only did he start reporting on the War in Iraq more frequently, but actually reported on-scene in order to give his audience a deeper connection to the issue at hand. Colbert Report ended on December 18, 2014 when Stephen Colbert became the host of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Like Stewart and Colbert, Mercer reports current events in Canada in a satirical manner on \"The Rick Mercer Report\". The show takes the connection of comedic journalism and community a step further by incorporating forms of investigative journalism. Mercer frequently travels around Canada and uses techniques of investigative journalism to report on a wide range of topics. Mercer details his travels in his book, \"Rick Mercer Report: The Book\", and also discusses certain political current events that were occurring at the time of each episode. For example, Mercer travelled with the different political parties during their election campaigns in order to gain a personal account of the event. Although Mercer focuses on political events, he also covers many other issues that Canadians can relate to, such as environmental and economic issues. During the 2011 federal elections, Mercer urged youth to become politically active and give themselves a voice by voting. After his show aired, students from the University of Guelph created a “vote mob”, advocating for issues they believed affected their age group, such as harsh drug laws and lowering tuition fees. The vote mob was also created to encourage students at other universities to do the same. The low number of young voters has continued to be a problem in elections over the years, regardless of the number of reports that have previously been done. However, with Rick Mercer’s form of comedic journalism, he was successful in making a connection with these young voters and pushing them to make a change. John Oliver was a long-time correspondent on the Daily Show with Jon Stewart. During the summer of 2013 he hosted the Daily Show while Jon Stewart was filming Rosewater. \"Last Week Tonight with John Oliver\" started in April 2014. There are critiques of comedic journalism, as some scholars and journalists argue that comedy cannot be seen as a valid form of journalism. They stress the importance of traditional news media and its objective nature in reporting the news. Ed Fouhy, a retired producer and network executive, claims that comedic journalism cannot be viewed as a serious source of information. Robert Thompson, director of a popular culture program at Syracuse University, adds that journalists should be more concerned with providing correct information than appealing to a younger audience and trying to be more “hip”. However, comedic journalists use these traditional news forms to gather their information and report it in a more subjective manner. The news stories they report on are the same stories reported by mainstream news media; however, comedic journalism reports them in a different way. Having the same news reported with a different tone is something many people are starting to", "news media and its objective nature in reporting the news. Ed Fouhy, a retired producer and network executive, claims that comedic journalism cannot be viewed as a serious source of information. Robert Thompson, director of a popular culture program at Syracuse University, adds that journalists should be more concerned with providing correct information than appealing to a younger audience and trying to be more “hip”. However, comedic journalists use these traditional news forms to gather their information and report it in a more subjective manner. The news stories they report on are the same stories reported by mainstream news media; however, comedic journalism reports them in a different way. Having the same news reported with a different tone is something many people are starting to prefer; as Cutbirth mentions in his article, many people would rather turn to these new forms of media because of the personal and subjective viewpoints they give. This is demonstrated by a study in which American citizens voted Jon Stewart their most trusted news source. Viewers seem more trusting of their sources when they feel an emotional connection to the news reports. One article in the \"American Journalism Review\" suggests that mainstream media can actually learn from the journalistic form of Jon Stewart. Professor Brown, chair of the communications department at Syracuse University and an associate professor of broadcast journalism, was once a skeptic of Stewart’s form of comedy journalism, which he referred to as, “silly riffing”. However, at the start of the war in Iraq, Brown felt as though the traditional form of journalism in the mainstream media was not providing a fair account of the event. He claims that they were, “swallowing the administration’s spin rather than challenging it”. Stewart, on the other hand, was successful in covering the stories with various viewpoints in mind and therefore, steered closer to the truth than the mainstream journalists. Phil Rosenthal, a media columnist for the Chicago Tribune, draws on the fact that a big part of the news nowadays is the managing of the news. Comedic journalists such as Stewart and Colbert not only expose the subjects in the news stories, but also how the stories were delivered in the mainstream media. They often show clips of reporters conveying the news stories and mock the information that was provided. This highlights the tension between traditional journalism and this new form that has captured such a large audience. However, bearing in mind that the news from these comedic reports are derived from traditional news sources, Fouhy and others make a valid points that people need the resources for serious news and that people also need comedic journalism to help them sort out truths. Therefore, although comedic journalism is a newer form of journalism, it can work side-by-side with traditional forms for viewers to receive a more complete account of the news. Comedic journalism Comedic journalism is a new form of journalism, popularized in the twenty-first century, that incorporates a comedic tone to transmit the news to mass audiences, using humour and/or satire to relay a point in news reports. Comedic journalism has been applied to print media in the past but has experienced a resurgence through the medium of television with shows such as \"The Daily Show\", \"Last Week Tonight with John Oliver\", and \"The Rick Mercer Report\". Conversely, there has been much" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "London Conversations: The Best of Saint Etienne London Conversations: The Best of Saint Etienne is a compilation album by Saint Etienne. It was released as a deluxe 2CD/DVD set (packaged in a hardback book), standard 2-CD set and on double 12\" vinyl. It features the 2008 Xenomania Mix of \"Burnt Out Car\", the Richard X mix of \"This Is Tomorrow\" and \"Method of Modern Love\". The compilation features a selection of their regular A-sides on the first disc, while disc two includes various further A-sides, B-sides, non-singles and album tracks. Originally due for release in November 2008 following the re-release of \"Burnt Out Car,\" the set was delayed several times as a result of manufacturing issues as well as the introductory single's low chart position. In addition, a planned single-disc edition (featuring solely the first disc of the set) was cancelled. The set ultimately came out in February 2009 following the release of the newly recorded Richard X collaboration \"Method of Modern Love.\" Some early-run copies of the 2CD edition are available, though, omitting \"Method of Modern Love.\" The single-disc edition was eventually issued alongside remastered single-disc editions the rest of the band's catalogue in 2011, following the release of deluxe editions of most of their albums. In its week of release the compilation charted at #79 in the UK, missing out on the Top 75 in part due to a surge in older albums following the Brit Awards. London Conversations: The Best of Saint Etienne London Conversations: The Best of Saint Etienne is a compilation album by Saint Etienne. It was released as a deluxe 2CD/DVD set (packaged in a hardback book), standard 2-CD set and on double 12\" vinyl. It features the 2008 Xenomania Mix of \"Burnt Out Car\", the Richard X mix of \"This Is Tomorrow\" and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Dev Gurung Dev Gurung () is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). Gurung became Minister of Law and Justice on August 22, 2008. In 2002, B.S., Gurung became the president of the All Nepal National Free Students Union. After the party had declared People's War in 1996, Gurung was arrested. Following the arrest the party killed a village committee chairman in Gorkha district, accusing him of responsibility for the capture of Gurung. Gurung was released by the state, in exchange for a police officer, Thule Rai, who had been captured by the Maoists. During the last phases of the war, Gurung formed part of the Maoist talks team during peace negotiations. After the fall of King Gyanendra's direct rule in 2006, Gurung was nominated to the interim legislature of Nepal. Gurung became the deputy leader of the Maoist legislative group. In December 2006, as the CPN(M) leadership was reorganised, Gurung was included in the 11-member central secretariat of the party. Gurung was assigned to lead the ethnic front work of the party. When the Maoists joined the government in April 2007, Gurung was included as Minister for Local Development. Along with the rest of the Maoist ministers, he resigned from his position in September 2007. In December 2007, the Maoists rejoined the government and Gurung again became Minister for Local Development. In April 2008, he won the Manang seat in the Constituent Assembly election, defeating the sitting Nepali Congress MP Palten Gurung. Dev Gurung got 1652 votes whereas Palten Gurung got 1209 votes. The CPN(UML) candidate in the constituency, Mangal Gurung, had withdrawn his candidature in order to enable the victory of Dev Gurung. After extended power-sharing discussions between parties, Gurung was appointed as Minister of Law and Justice in a Cabinet headed by CPN (M) Chairman Prachanda and sworn in on August 22, 2008. Dev Gurung Dev Gurung () is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). Gurung became Minister of Law and Justice on August 22, 2008. In 2002, B.S., Gurung became the president of the All Nepal National Free Students Union. After the party had declared People's War in 1996, Gurung was arrested. Following the arrest the party killed a village committee chairman in Gorkha district, accusing him of responsibility for the capture of Gurung. Gurung was released by the state, in exchange for a police officer, Thule" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Double check valve A double check valve or double check assembly (DCA) is a backflow prevention device designed to protect water supplies from contamination. It is also a valve used in air brake systems on heavy trucks. It consists of two check valves assembled in series. This employs two operating principles: firstly one check valve will still act, even if the other is jammed wide open. Secondly the closure of one valve reduces the pressure differential across the other, allowing a more reliable seal and avoiding even minor leakage. Small valves may be so compact as to be barely noticeable, particularly when they are integrated into the bodies of existing taps (faucets). Larger check valves may be installed with ball valves at the ends, for isolation and testing. Often, test cocks (very small ball valves) are in place to attach test equipment for evaluating whether the double check assembly is still functional. The double check valve assembly is suitable for prevention of back pressure and back siphonage, but is not suitable for high hazard applications. It is commonly used on lawn irrigation, fire sprinkler and combi-boiler systems. If the hazard is higher, even a relatively low hazard such as using antifreeze in the fire sprinkler system, then a more reliable check valve such as a reduced pressure zone device may be mandated. Double check valve A double check valve or double check assembly (DCA) is a backflow prevention device designed to protect water supplies from contamination. It is also a valve used in air brake systems on heavy trucks. It consists of two check valves assembled in series. This employs two operating principles: firstly one check valve will still act, even if the other is jammed wide open. Secondly the closure of one valve reduces the pressure differential across the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "William de Bois Maclaren William Frederick de Bois Maclaren (17 November 1856 – 3 June 1921) was publisher, businessman and Scout Commissioner for Rosneath, Dunbartonshire, Scotland. He is most recognized as the first major benefactor of Scouting by donating Gilwell Park in 1919. William Frederick de Bois Maclaren was born on 17 November 1856, in Blythswood, Glasgow in Scotland, as the son of Walter Gray McLaren (Master Printer, sometimes misspelt as painter) and Caroline Amelia De Bois, from France. He had an elder sister Margaret Ann Aitken McLaren (born 25 April 1855), and younger brothers Walter Gray (born 14 April 1858, attended Glasgow University, ordained 1885 in New Zealand where he lived until 1903, died 1916 in Glasgow), Charles (born 19 November 1859) and John (born 28 June 1861). By the beginning of the 20th century, Maclaren and Frank Copeman were sole partners of Maclaren & Sons Ltd, 37–38 Shoe Lane, London, in the Fleet Street neighbourhood, who were publishers or publishers' agents of industrial books and magazines, such as \"The Brick and Pottery Trades Journal\", and \"Ceylon Observer\", and publishers of household titles, under the name of \"The British Baker\", such as \"All About Pastries\". One of their periodicals was the \"India Rubber Journal\", the leading publication for the flourishing rubber industry in the beginning of the 20th century, with Sir Herbert Wright as editor for the period 1907–1917. Copeman and Maclaren founded in 1906 the Rubber Estate Agency. It was the first UK company for the specific purpose of financing the acquisition of rubber estates and of acting as secretaries and agents of rubber and other plantation companies. With this expertise in the rubber industry, Maclaren wrote and published \"The Rubber Tree Book\" (Maclaren and Sons, London, 1913, 384 pages), about technology and business administration of rubber plantations. In 1919, the Rubber Estate Agency was sold to the Belgium company Societé Internationale de Plantations et de Finance. The R.E.A. company still exists, and was worth approximately GBP 37 million in 2010. Maclaren wrote several other books including \"Climbs and Changes\", \"Chuckles from a Cheery Corner\", and \"Word Pictures of War\" (a book of poetry based on experiences of the First World War, published by Methuen, London, in 1917). He died on 3 June 1921. Posthumously in 1922, his \"Child's Song-Story Book\" was published for private circulation by Blackie & Son, Glasgow. On the recommendation of P.B. Nevill, acting on behalf of Baden-Powell, Maclaren purchased the 53 acre Gilwell Hall estate near Epping Forest near the town of Chingford for GBP 7,000, and presented it as Gilwell Park to the Scout Association in July 1919. For reference, the GBP 7,000 in 1919 equals GBP 1 million in 2010 value. Maclaren also paid another GBP 3,000 to help put the White House into good repair, as the place had been abandoned for the previous 14 years and was virtually derelict. When Gilwell Park was officially opened on 26 July 1919 Mrs Maclaren cut ribbons in Scout colours (green and yellow) that were hung across the doorway to the White House to mark the opening. Baden-Powell then presented Maclaren with the Silver Wolf as a sign of the great debt that the Movement owed to him. In Maclaren's honour the Gilwell staff wore the Maclaren neckerchief, made of Maclaren tartan. However to reduce the expense, a scarf of dove grey cloth (the colour of humility) with a warm red lining (to signify warmth of feeling) was substituted with only a patch of Maclaren tartan on the point of the scarf and worn by those passing the Gilwell practical course. In 1924 use of the scarf became restricted to Wood Badge holders only. Today the scarf is more the earth tone colour beige than grey. William de Bois Maclaren William Frederick de Bois Maclaren (17 November 1856 – 3 June 1921) was publisher, businessman and Scout Commissioner for Rosneath, Dunbartonshire, Scotland. He is most recognized as the first major benefactor of Scouting by donating Gilwell Park in 1919. William Frederick de Bois Maclaren was born on 17 November 1856, in Blythswood, Glasgow in Scotland, as the son of Walter Gray McLaren (Master Printer, sometimes misspelt as painter) and Caroline Amelia De Bois," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Veer Towers Veer Towers are twin 37-story, , residential towers located within CityCenter on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. Each tower houses 335 luxury condominium units ranging from . The two towers were designed by Murphy/Jahn Architects of Chicago and lean in opposite directions (five degrees from center). Every residence has a view of the Las Vegas skyline. Lobbies and public spaces were developed by Francisco Gonzalez Pulido and showcase works by natural light. Dianna Wong Architecture & Interior Design designed the residences. The rooftop Sky Decks include infinity edge swimming pools, hot tubs, sun decks and summer kitchens. Resident fitness and locker rooms, billiards rooms and lounges are on the 37th floor. A private residential driveway leads to separate vehicle entrances, secured elevators and valet service, all monitored by 24-hour security. The towers are the only all-residential buildings at CityCenter. The towers were designed by Helmut Jahn's office based in Chicago. Lobbies and public spaces were developed by Francisco Gonzalez Pulido and showcase works by natural light. Dianna Wong Architecture & Interior Design designed the residences. The condominium buildings received a LEED Gold certification on November 20, 2009, and opened on July 14, 2010 In December 2012, CityCenter sold 427 Veer condos in bulk for $119 million to Ladder Capital Finance. The lobby walls of both Veer Towers feature mud drawings by Turner Prize-winning artist Richard Long, who diluted mud that he brought to Las Vegas from the River Avon and applied it to the walls with his hands. The two large-scale works titled “Circle of Chance” and “Earth” cover the lobby wall of the west and east tower. Veer Towers Veer Towers are twin 37-story, , residential towers located within CityCenter on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. Each tower houses 335 luxury condominium units" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "David Merkow David Bartos Merkow (born May 5, 1985) is a long-hitting American :golfer. He won the World Junior Masters tournament boys 14–15 division as a youth in 2000, and the American Junior Golf Association's SLI Junior Classic boys division two years later. In June 2005 he and a former high school teammate won the Wisconsin State Golf Association Best-Ball title. For college, he attended Northwestern University. There, he won the individual title at the Second Annual Big Ten/Pac-10 Challenge in 2005, was named Big Ten Conference Player of the Year in 2006, and finished his college career 6th in Northwestern's all-time stroke average, at 74.27. In 2008, playing in Argentina in the 11th Pan American Maccabi Games, he won two gold medals; both in the individual competition, and with the U.S. team in the team competition. In 2010 he was playing in the NGA Hooters Tour. Merkow was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and grew up in Hartland, Wisconsin, from Milwaukee. His grandfather taught him how to play golf. In August 2000, he won the World Junior Masters tournament boys 14–15 division with a 227. In August 2002, he won the American Junior Golf Association's SLI Junior Classic boys division in New Seabury, Massachusetts, with a 212 (2 over par). In Arrowhead Union High School in Hartland, he was co-Captain of the golf team in his senior year, and was a two-time all-state honoree (as a junior and senior, in 2002 and 2003). He was one of only three Jewish students at the high school. Speaking about being Jewish, Merkow observed: \"It does drive me. When I make it on [the PGA] Tour, I'd like it to be known that I'm Jewish. Whether it's wearing my Star of David [around his neck], or having a Chai on my [golf] bag, I want to show that there are good Jewish athletes.\" He chose to attend Northwestern University, where he was an economics major. Merkow won the individual title at the Second Annual Big Ten/Pac-10 Challenge in October 2005, and led his team to the team title. He beat 2005 NCAA Champion James Lepp, with a 54-hole career-best score of 209 (7-under). In April 2006, at the 36th Robert Kepler Intercollegiate he took third place, with a 1-over 217. He was named Big Ten Golfer of the Week on March 2, 2006. In 2006, he was named Big Ten Conference Player of the Year. He was the first golfer from Northwestern to win the award since Luke Donald in 2001. He was also ranked number one in the Golfweek/Sagarin Big Ten Player Ratings for the year. During 2005–06, he was in the top 20 in a total of six tournaments. In April 2007, after he finished tied for 4th at the Kepler Intercollegiate, he optimistically said: \"We've significantly underachieved this year. But no one will remember this if we win another Big Ten championship.\" In May 2007, however, his team narrowly missed the cut for the NCAA Championships which it had participated in the prior year, by a mere two strokes at the NCAA Central Regional Championship. His teammate Kyle Moore said that: \"It's hard to gauge how long he hits. If he [were] on the PGA Tour, he'd be one of the longest drivers out there.\" His coach Pat Goss observed that his skill at hitting iron shots into the wind distinguished him from other golfers. Speaking of Merkow in 2007, Goss predicted: \"He is someone who is on the cusp of really doing something spectacular. He has a lot of talent.\" Merkow graduated in June 2007, and ended his career 6th in Northwestern's all-time stroke average, at 74.27. In addition to his Conference Player of the Year honors, he was twice named All-Big Ten, was named to the Ping All-Midwest Region team, and was Academic All-Big Ten. Merkow, playing in his first Maccabi Games, won a gold medal in the individual competition in the 11th Pan American Maccabi Games (which ended on January 2, 2008) at Hacoaj Golf Club in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He had a score of 282 (−10), competing in the age 18-and-up open division, winning with a 67 in the last round. He also won a second gold medal as the U.S. bested second-place Argentina in the team competition. For the first time he met cousins of his who lived in the city, and said: \"It was absolutely unbelievable. It could not have been more special. I gave them one of my gold medals.\" In June 2004, at the age of 18, he was a semifinalist at the Wisconsin State Golf Association Match Play Championship. In June 2005, he and former high school teammate Charlie Delsman won the Wisconsin State Golf Association Best-Ball title. In the 2005 Wisconsin State Golf Association Match Play Championship's last match, he lost 3 and 1. In July 2006, he tied for fourth with a 289 at the Wisconsin 105th State Amateur Championship. Merkow also played in the United States Golf Association U.S. Amateurs. In 2006 he played at the Hazeltine National Golf Club course in Minnesota, with his 71 being the second-lowest score in the 312-player field after the first day of stroke play. He was a quarter-finalist. He beat Malaysian golfer Ben Leong 5–3 in the first round. But he lost in the second round of match play to stroke-play medalist Billy Horschel, 3 and 1. Merkow won the August 2007 U.S. Amateur qualifier at Hartland's Chenequa Country Club with scores of 66 and 64, for a 12-under 130. Later than month he played at the 107th U.S. Amateur at The Olympic Club in San Francisco, where he shot two back-to-back under-2 rounds of 69 to make the round of 64, and was one of just four golfers to put up sub-par numbers in stroke play, but was eliminated in the first round of match play. Because stroke play totals don't affect match play results, Merkow had observed: \"There are two tournaments this week. Anybody who's in the top 64 can win. It starts over tomorrow.\" In 2007 he lost to Brendan Gielow 3–2. Making the match play both years, Merkow finished 21st and 2nd in the stroke play portion of the event. CBS College Sports reported in May 2007 that in a qualifier at North Shore Country Club in Mequon, Wisconsin, Merkow shot a 2-under 70. That score was good enough for a tie for medalist honors, and afforded him a spot in the sectional qualifying round for the U.S. Open. He said: \"My goal is to miss my graduation. It's June 15, which would be the Friday of the U.S. Open.\" In June 2007, however, he failed to qualify in the sectional qualifying at Scioto Country Club. He has full status on the Hooters Tour, after winning the 2008 NGA Hooters Tour Ranking School by 4 shots. He has also played on the Gateway Tour. In May 2010, Merkow advanced to the U.S. Open sectionals with a 69 at a local qualifying round at Illini Country Club. In July 2015 he married Jordan Scher. He was named assistant men's golf coach at Marquette University in August 2010. He joined the staff of Steve Bailey, his former assistant coach at Northwestern. David Merkow David Bartos Merkow (born May 5, 1985) is a long-hitting American :golfer. He won the World Junior Masters tournament boys 14–15 division as a youth in 2000, and the American Junior Golf Association's SLI Junior Classic boys division two years later. In June 2005 he and a former high school teammate won the Wisconsin State Golf Association Best-Ball title. For college, he attended Northwestern University. There, he won the individual title at the Second Annual Big Ten/Pac-10 Challenge in 2005, was named Big Ten Conference Player of the Year in 2006, and finished his college career" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Bordei Park Bordei Park () is a park in northern Bucharest. The terrain where the Bordei Park stands (which included the Bordei Lake and amounted to 0.13 km²) was bought by the Bucharest Municipality from the Marmorosch Blank Bank in 1932 for a price of 16 million lei ($110,000 at the time). The park was officially opened in 1938 by King Carol II of Romania. In June 2007, senator Marius Marinescu forwarded to the Standing Bureau of the Senate a legislative proposal concerning the declaration of public property of Costică Constanda's plot of land, located in Bordei Park, Bucharest. Along with the founder of the law Marius Marinescu, signed as co-founders, senators Ion Iliescu, former president of Romania, Nicolae Văcăroiu, former prime-minister of Romania and at the time president of the Senate. One year later the legislative proposal was also adopted by the Chamber of Deputies, received the green light from the president of Romania, and got published in the Official Gazette of Romania, thus becoming Law #170/2008, regarding the acknowledgement of public utility of Bordei Park. The area of the park was public property until September 2003, when the General Council of Bucharest changed the status of the terrain to private property of the municipality and then gave the terrain to Costică Constanda, an entrepreneur who intends to build houses on it. Bordei Park Bordei Park () is a park in northern Bucharest. The terrain where the Bordei Park stands (which included the Bordei Lake and amounted to 0.13 km²) was bought by the Bucharest Municipality from the Marmorosch Blank Bank in 1932 for a price of 16 million lei ($110,000 at the time). The park was officially opened in 1938 by King Carol II of Romania. In June 2007, senator Marius Marinescu forwarded to the Standing Bureau of" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Shadows (The X-Files) \"Shadows\" is the sixth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series \"The X-Files\". It premièred on the Fox network on October 22, 1993. It was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong, directed by Michael Lange, and featured guest appearances by Barry Primus and Lisa Waltz. The episode is a \"Monster-of-the-Week\" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. \"Shadows\" earned a Nielsen household rating of 5.9, being watched by 5.6 million households in its initial broadcast. The episode was not well received by the production staff, and received mixed reviews from critics. The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, Mulder and Scully investigate the death of two muggers and encounter an office worker who may be haunted by the spirit of her dead boss, who is using her to uncover his murderer; and discover covert arms deals made with Middle Eastern radicals. This episode, inspired by the 1982 horror film \"The Entity\", was written due to insistence that the creators write more episodes where Mulder and Scully help people. This allowed the writers some space to create other episodes they had in mind. Two muggers are found dead in a back alley of Philadelphia after robbing a woman, Lauren Kyte, at an automated teller machine. Mulder and Scully investigate the case when called in by a pair of agents from an unknown agency. The bodies are found to have an electrical charge and their throats have been crushed from the inside. Lauren sees her boss, Robert Dorlund, and resigns due to her grief over the death of Dorlund's partner, Howard Graves, who supposedly committed suicide weeks before. Mulder and Scully determine that one of the dead men belonged to an Islamic terrorist group, the Isfahan, and using the ATM video are able to track down Lauren. A screenshot of the video reveals a blurry figure who appears to be Howard Graves. The agents meet with Lauren at her home and after initially denying it, she admits to the incident but knows nothing about the murders. Upon leaving, the agents find their car going out of control on its own, leading it to crash into another car. At a repair shop, the car is found to have no evidence of tampering, but an electrical charge is detected within it. Later, upon visiting Graves' headstone, Mulder and Scully learn of his suicide and the death of his daughter at a young age, who would have been Lauren's age were she still alive. Scully suspects that Graves faked his death, but on consulting the pathologist who examined his body and testing the organs he donated to others, it is proved that he is really dead. Meanwhile, Lauren witnesses a vision at night, including blood appearing in the bathtub, that leads her to believe that Graves was murdered. At her going-away party, she is threatened by Dorlund, who believes she has knowledge of confidential information that could implicate him. Lauren calls the agents to her home, but before the agents can get there, two assassins hired by Dorlund arrive to kill her. An invisible force kills both of them, just as Mulder and Scully arrive (with Mulder witnessing the body of one assassin being hanged in midair). Lauren is interrogated by Mulder and Scully, and two unknown agents who believe Graves and Dorlund's company sold technology to the Isfahan. Lauren admits to Mulder and Scully that the sales did indeed take place and that she believes Dorlund had Graves killed. After hearing Lauren recount the eerie circumstances that she believes are being caused by Graves' spirit, Scully - the usually reserved skeptic - readily accepts her story. Mulder is confused but, after Lauren leaves, Scully admits she was just humoring her. The agents search the company's premises, but are unable to find any evidence. When Dorlund attacks Lauren with a letter opener, Graves' spirit takes it and cuts open the wallpaper, revealing a disc with evidence. Weeks later, Lauren starts her new job, but it appears that Graves' spirit may have followed her there. This episode was created on Fox's insistence that the creators write more episodes where Mulder and Scully help people. This episode was written to accomplish that, and to allow the writers some space to create other episodes they had in mind. Co-writer Glen Morgan claims the episode was inspired by the movie \"The Entity\". The name Tom Braidwood, the show's assistant director who later played Lone Gunmen member Melvin Frohike, is used in the scene where the parking lot attendant paints over the name of Howard Graves. The episode featured guest appearances by Barry Primus, Lisa Waltz, Lorena Gale and Veena Sood. Fox emphasized the horror aspect of \"Shadows\" by using the tagline \"Don't watch it alone\" when advertising the episode. During the episode, Mulder jokes that Elvis was the only man ever to have successfully faked his own death. The joke would eventually become the first of many similar Elvis jokes littered throughout most of the series. When Mulder wonders whether or not it could have been a poltergeist, Scully mocks him by replying \"they're here\". This is a tagline and famous quote from the film \"Poltergeist\". \"Shadows\" premiered on the Fox network on October 22, 1993, and was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on October 24, 1994. The episode earned a Nielsen household rating of 5.9 with an 11 share—meaning that in the US, 5.9 percent of television-equipped households, and 11 percent of all households actively watching television, were watching the program. It was viewed by 5.6 million households. In a retrospective of the first season in \"Entertainment Weekly\", \"Shadows\" was rated a C+, with the episode being called \"exceedingly awkward\", while the political context was seen as a weak point. Keith Phipps, writing for \"The A.V. Club\", had mixed feeling about the episode, rating it a C+. He felt that the episode's plot worked well, though the supernatural elements seemed \"a little corny\". Matt Haigh, writing for Den of Geek, was more positive about the episode, calling it \"fun viewing\" and feeling that \"with characters we could care about and a far more rounded plot, this proved one of the better episodes so far. I still wouldn’t call it a particularly brilliant one, though, either\". Co-writer James Wong felt that the changes he was asked to make to the script led to \"Shadows\" turning out to be \"an average episode\", although he felt \"the director did a good job with it\". His partner Glen Morgan had a similar opinion, calling it \"a little too ordinary, like you have seen it before, which is exactly what the network wanted at the time. Chris Carter had a more positive view of the episode, calling it \"very well done, really great effects, and more of a meat-and-potatoes kind of story. An FBI sting and a good mystery that Mulder and Scully investigate. Overall, a really solid episode.\" The plot for \"Shadows\" was also adapted as a novel for young adults in 2000 by Ellen Steiber, under the title \"Haunted\". Shadows (The X-Files) \"Shadows\" is the sixth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series \"The X-Files\". It premièred on the Fox network on October 22, 1993. It was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong, directed by Michael Lange, and featured guest appearances by Barry Primus and Lisa Waltz. The episode is a \"Monster-of-the-Week\" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. \"Shadows\" earned a Nielsen household rating of 5.9, being watched by 5.6 million households in its initial broadcast. The episode was not well received by the production staff, and received mixed" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Arabian sand gazelle The Arabian sand gazelle (\"Gazella marica\", formerly \"Gazella subgutturosa marica\") or reem () is a species of gazelle native to the Syrian and Arabian Deserts. Today it survives in the wild in small, isolated populations in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and southeastern Turkey. Small numbers may also be present in Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, and Syria. The total population of wild sand gazelles is thought to be less than 3,000. Significantly more are held in captivity, reserves, or breeding programs, perhaps more than 100,000. Until recently, the sand gazelle was considered a subspecies of the goitered gazelle (\"Gazella subgutturosa\"). A 2010 genetic study established that it was a distinct lineage, and it is now considered a separate species. Further genetic analysis reported in 2012 found that the sand gazelle was closely related to two North African gazelles, Cuvier's gazelle (\"Gazella cuvieri\") and the rhim (\"Gazella leptoceros\"), perhaps even belonging to a single species. Arabian sand gazelle The Arabian sand gazelle (\"Gazella marica\", formerly \"Gazella subgutturosa marica\") or reem () is a species of gazelle native to the Syrian and Arabian Deserts. Today it survives in the wild in small, isolated populations in Saudi Arabia, the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Groton, Massachusetts Groton is a town in northwestern Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, within the Greater Boston metropolitan area. The population was 10,873 at the 2012 town census. It is home to two prep schools: Groton School, founded in 1884, and Lawrence Academy at Groton, founded in 1792 and the third-oldest private school in Massachusetts. Lawrence Academy was founded with a charter from John Hancock. Near the former border with Maine, the historic town was a battlefield in King Philip's War and Queen Anne's War, with children taken captive in a raid by Abenaki and French; it had had incidents of insurrection during Shays' Rebellion, and was the birthplace of William Prescott, who commanded the colonial forces at the Battle of Bunker Hill during the American Revolution. The area surrounding modern-day Groton has, for thousands of years, been the territory of various cultures of indigenous peoples. They settled along the rivers, which they used for domestic tasks, fishing and transportation. Historic tribes were the Algonquian-speaking Nipmuc and Nashaway Indians. The Anglo-American Groton started with the trading post of John Tinker, who conducted business there with the Nashaway at the confluence of Nod Brook and the Nashua River. The Nashaway called the area \"Petapawag\", meaning \"swampy land.\" As Tinker had, other pioneers followed the Algonquian trails from Massachusetts Bay. They found the region productive for fishing and farming. The town was officially settled and incorporated in 1655, named for Groton in Suffolk, England. Called The Plantation of Groton, it included all of present-day Groton and Ayer, almost all of Pepperell and Shirley, large parts of Dunstable, Littleton, and Tyngsborough, plus smaller parts of Harvard and Westford in Massachusetts, as well as Nashua and Hollis, New Hampshire. During King Philip's War, on March 13, 1676, Indians burned all buildings except for four Groton garrisons. Among those killed was John Nutting, a Selectman at Groton. Survivors fled to Concord and other safe havens, but two years later returned to rebuild. Native Americans attacked the town again during the Raid on Groton in 1694 (during King William's War). In 1704 during Queen Anne's War, a French-Abenaki raid captured three children of Thomas Tarbell and his wife, among others, taking them overland about 300 miles to the Mohawk village of Kahnewake south of Montreal, where they would be held for ransom or adopted into the tribe by individual Mohawk families. The trade in captives was a thriving business between the opposing colonies of the English and French. The two Tarbell boys, John and Zachariah, were adopted by Mohawk families and became fully assimilated, later marrying into the tribe, having families, and becoming chiefs. They were among the founders in the 1740s of Akwesasne, after moving up the St. Lawrence River from Kahnewake. The brothers' older sister Sarah Tarbell was ransomed by a French family, and converted to Catholicism. She joined a Catholic teaching/nursing religious order in Montreal and served with them for the rest of her life. There are Tarbell-named descendants among Mohawk of Kahnewake and Akwesasne in the 21st century. In 1775, the common in front of the First Parish Church was an assembly area for Minutemen who fought in the Battle of Lexington and Concord. According to the United States Census Bureau, Groton has a total area of 33.7 square miles (87.3 km²), of which 32.8 square miles (84.9 km²) is land and 0.9 square miles (2.4 km²) (2.79%) is water. Groton is the largest town in Middlesex County in terms of square mileage. The town is drained by the Nashua River and Squannacook River. The center of the town is dominated mainly by Gibbet Hill, with several other large hills throughout the town. Groton is served by state routes 40, 111, 119 and 225. It borders the towns of Pepperell, Dunstable, Tyngsborough, Westford, Littleton, Ayer, Shirley, and Townsend. \"See also: Groton (CDP), Massachusetts\" As of the census of 2000, there were 9,547 people, 3,268 households, and 2,568 families residing in the town. The population density was 291.3 people per square mile (112.5/km²). There were 3,393 housing units at an average density of 103.5 per square mile (40.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.22% White, 0.35% Black or African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.97% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 1.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.14% of the population. There were 3,268 households out of which 46.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% were non-families. Of all households 17.1% were made up of individuals and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.31. The age distribution of the town's population was 32.6% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males. The median income for a household in the town was $118,041, and the median income for a family was $136,653. Males had a median income of $101,117 versus $60,402 for females. The per capita income for the town was $44,756. About 1.1% of families and 1.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. Groton annually hosts the National Shepley Hill Horse Trials, an equestrian competition. The Groton-Dunstable Crusaders high school football team also competes in the town. The town is governed by an open Town Meeting and administered by an elected Board of Selectmen and appointed Town Manager. Over 30% of the land in Groton, Massachusetts is protected open space. The majority of this open space is accessible to the public. Groton also has over 100 miles of trails. Many of these trails can be walked and biked, others are availably for hunting and/or camping. The trails are made and maintained by the Groton Trail Committee and the land itself is managed by the Groton Conservation Trust. Groton, Massachusetts Groton is a town in northwestern Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, within the Greater Boston metropolitan area. The population was 10,873 at the 2012 town census. It is home to two prep schools: Groton School, founded in 1884, and Lawrence Academy at Groton, founded in 1792 and the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Dachimawa Lee Dachimawa Lee (; lit. \"Dajjimawa Lee: Bye, Villain! Take the Express Train to Hell\") is a 2008 South Korean film. It has been released via online streaming in the United States with the title \"Dachimawa Lee: Gangnam Spy\". The legendary Korean spy Dachimawa Lee is assigned to recover the fabled Golden Buddha statue, but his mission ends in failure. Lee discovers that his mission was sabotaged, and must confront against the shadowy figure behind the plot. \"Dachimawa Lee\" was released in South Korea on August 13, 2008, and was ranked fourth at the box office in its opening weekend with 233,251 admissions. By September 7, 2008, it had received a total of 629,591 admissions, and by September 14, 2008, had grossed a total of . Dachimawa Lee Dachimawa Lee (; lit. \"Dajjimawa Lee: Bye, Villain! Take the Express Train to Hell\") is a 2008 South Korean film. It has been released via online streaming in the United States with the title \"Dachimawa Lee: Gangnam Spy\". The legendary Korean spy Dachimawa Lee is assigned to recover the fabled Golden Buddha statue, but his mission ends in failure. Lee discovers that his mission was sabotaged, and must confront against the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "TooManyLeftHands TooManyLeftHands is a Copenhagen-based Danish DJ and producer duo consisting of Anders K and Martin Nick. Their work is mainly in the House / Tech / Progressive / Deep genres. Anders K is a successful Danish DJ who teamed up with club-owner, events organizer and producer Martin Nick for a duo releasing their own materials. The DJ duo named TooManyLeftHands or TMLH for short, debuted during the Copenhagen Fashion Week 2009. gaining residency at the Nasa club, and in October 2010 won the producer contest for \"Ibiza Style\" Magazine, and later started hosting in cooperation with Ibiza Global Radio and Pioneer. In addition to collaborations with a number of artists like Nadia Gattas, Mike Hawkins and Alexander Brown, in 2014, they released \"Dancing in the Fire\" and \"Trouble\" both charting in Denmark. They have also remixed materials from Danish artists Darwich, Svenstrup & Vendelboe, Morten Breum, Sisse Marie and Rune RK. The single \"Paralyzed\", which was released in cooperation with Sisse Marie was used in 2012 used in the computer game The Sims. TooManyLeftHands TooManyLeftHands is a Copenhagen-based Danish DJ and producer duo consisting of Anders K and Martin Nick. Their work is mainly in the House / Tech" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Pierre Valmera Pierre \"Pierry\" Valmera (born September 29, 1981) is a retired Haitian professional basketball player, who played for Ancien in the Ligue Nationale de Basket in Switzerland. Valmera was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Having taught himself basketball in his native country, he emigrated to the United States and became a standout player at Union University in Tennessee. When Valmera's playing career concluded, he relocated to Boston, Massachusetts where he worked as a substitute teacher in French and history at a middle school. Soon after his arrival in the states, he met David Franklin Rose, a business owner of an architecture firm. Together, they founded a non-for-profit organization called POWERforward International Inc., created to help young Haitians gain private-school educations in the United States through basketball. He is a philanthropist and donates his time and money to develop basketball in Haiti. He has 38 kids in the US on full basketball scholarships, including 6 college graduates and 1 playing for the Sacramento Kings, Skal Labissiere. Some of his other students go to the top schools in the country, like Mississippi State and Vanderbilt University. Pierre Valmera Pierre \"Pierry\" Valmera (born September 29, 1981) is a retired Haitian professional basketball player," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "The Cult of the Self The Cult of the Self (French: \"Le Culte du moi\") is a trilogy of books by French author Maurice Barrès, sometimes called his \"trilogie du moi\". The trilogy was influenced by Romanticism, and it also made an apology of the pleasure of the senses. Barrès wrote the works while living in Italy. The first book, \"Under the Eyes of the Barbarians\", (\"Sous l'œil des barbares\") was published in 1888. The second work, \"A Free Man\", (\"Un Homme libre\"), was published in 1889. The final book, \"The Garden of Berenice\" (\"Le Jardin de Bérénice\"), was published in 1891. The Cult of the Self The Cult of the Self (French: \"Le Culte du moi\") is a trilogy of books by French author Maurice Barrès, sometimes called his \"trilogie du moi\". The trilogy was influenced by Romanticism, and it also made an apology of the pleasure of the senses. Barrès wrote the works while living in Italy. The first book, \"Under the Eyes of the Barbarians\", (\"Sous l'œil des barbares\") was published in 1888. The second work, \"A Free Man\", (\"Un Homme libre\"), was published in 1889. The final book, \"The Garden of Berenice\" (\"Le Jardin de Bérénice\")," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Paul Coffey Paul Douglas Coffey (born June 1, 1961) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenseman who played for nine teams in the National Hockey League. Known for his speed and scoring prowess, Coffey ranks second all-time among NHL defensemen in career goals, assists, and points, behind Ray Bourque. He won the Norris Trophy as the NHL's best defenseman three times and was voted to eight end-of-season All-Star Teams (four First-Team and four Second-Team). He holds the record for the most goals by a defensemen in one season, 48 in 1985-86, and is the only defensemen to have scored 40 goals more than once, also doing it in 1983-84. He is also one of only two defensemen to score 100 points in a season more than one time, as he did it five times; Bobby Orr did it six times. Paul Coffey holds or shares 33 NHL records in the regular season and playoffs. Coffey was born in Weston, Ontario, but grew up in Malton, Ontario. The city of Mississauga renamed Malton Arena to Paul Coffey Arena and renamed Wildwood Park to Paul Coffey Park in a ceremony on September 23, 2016. In 2017 Coffey was named one of the 100 Greatest NHL Players in history. Coffey was drafted sixth overall by the Edmonton Oilers in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. He blossomed in the 1981–82 season, scoring 89 points and was named a Second-Team NHL All-Star. In the Oilers' first Stanley Cup-winning season, 1983–84, he became only the second defenseman in NHL history to score 40 goals in a season and added 86 assists to finished second in point scoring. He won his first James Norris Trophy in 1984–85 while posting 37 goals and 121 points. On December 26, 1984 in a game against the Calgary Flames, Coffey became the last defenseman in the 20th century to score four goals in one game. Coffey went on to post a historic post-season in the 1985 Playoffs, setting records for most goals (12), assists (25), and points (37) in one playoff year by a defenseman on the way to another Stanley Cup. He won the Norris Trophy again in 1985–86, while breaking Bobby Orr's record for goals in a season by a defenseman, scoring 48. His 138 points that year was second only to Orr (139 in 1970–71) among defencemen. Coffey helped Edmonton to a third Cup in 1986–87, but the deciding game seven that year against the Philadelphia Flyers would be his last in an Oilers' uniform. After a monetary dispute with Edmonton's head coach and general manager Glen Sather, Coffey was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins in 1987. Upon joining Pittsburgh, he changed his uniform number from 7 to 77, which he would wear for most of the rest of his career, save for his final season in Boston, where he wore 74. Coffey played four and a half seasons with Pittsburgh. On December 22, 1990, Coffey became the second defenseman to record 1000 points, doing so in a record-breaking 770 games. Coffey won a fourth Stanley Cup in 1990–91 with Pittsburgh. During the 1992 season Coffey passed Denis Potvin to become the career leader in goals, assists, and points by a defenseman. He was then traded to the Los Angeles Kings where he was reunited with former Oilers teammates Wayne Gretzky and Jari Kurri for parts of two seasons. After his brief stint with Los Angeles, he was traded to the Detroit Red Wings where he played for three and a half seasons. In the lock-out shortened 1994–95 NHL season, Coffey led his team in scoring for the only time in his entire career, and was awarded the Norris Trophy for the third time. In the 1994-95 NHL Playoffs, he led all defenseman in shorthanded goals (2) while helping Detroit to the Stanley Cup Final. However, the favoured Red Wings were swept by the New Jersey Devils in 4 games. After a falling out with Red Wings coach Scotty Bowman, Coffey was traded to the Hartford Whalers at the start of the 1996–97 season. Coffey only played 20 games for the Whalers before being traded to the Flyers. He played for Philadelphia for a season and a half, reaching the 1997 Stanley Cup Final, his seventh, against his former team, Detroit. Coffey's Final series was not successful, being on ice for six of Detroit's goals and was in the penalty box for a seventh when the Flyers conceded a power-play goal, ending up with no points and being minus-2 and minus-3 in the first two games, and a hit from Darren McCarty in game two left Coffey sidelined for the rest of the series with a concussion. After a very brief stint (10 games) with the Chicago Blackhawks, he was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes, where he played one and a half seasons. He played his final season in 2000–01 with the Boston Bruins. During Coffey's last NHL season, Ray Bourque passed his career goals, assist and points records, and Bourque and Coffey both retired after the 2000–01 season. Coffey finished with 396 goals, 1135 assists, and 1531 points, and remains second only to Bourque in all-time career scoring by a defenseman. Coffey, however, averaged more points per game than did Bourque, having played 203 fewer games but lagging by only 48 points. Paul Coffey was voted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2004, and the Edmonton Oilers retired his uniform number 7 in 2005. While coaching a game for the Toronto Marlboros midget ‘AAA’ team in February 2014, Coffey was assessed a gross misconduct penalty for a discriminatory slur. The Greater Toronto Hockey League investigated the misconduct penalty and Coffey was handed a three-game suspension. Coffey is a co-owner of the OJHL's Pickering Panthers. He is one of the 2016 inductees into . Figures in boldface italics are NHL records for defensemen. Played for Canada in: Paul Coffey Paul Douglas Coffey (born June 1, 1961) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenseman who played" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Ted de Corsia Ted de Corsia (September 29, 1903 – April 11, 1973) was an American radio, film, and television actor best remembered for his role as a gangster who turned state's evidence in the film \"The Enforcer\" (1951). Edward Gildea De Corsia was born in Brooklyn, New York. De Corsia was a member of the cast of \"Blackstone Plantation\". He starred in the title role on \"Mike Hammer\" and played Sergeant Velie on \"The Adventures of Ellery Queen\". He also voiced roles on \"Family Theater\", \"The March of Time\", \"Cavalcade of America\", \"Gang Busters\", and \"The Shadow\". He made his movie debut in Orson Welles' \"The Lady from Shanghai\" and went on to make a career playing villains and gangsters in 1940s and 1950s films including \"The Naked City\" (1948), \"The Enforcer\" (1951), \"Crime Wave\" (1954), \"The Big Combo\" (1955), \"The Killing\" (1956), \"Baby Face Nelson\", \"Slightly Scarlet\" (1956) and \"The Joker is Wild\" (1957). In his last film, \"The Outside Man\" with Ann-Margret and Angie Dickinson, his character, the mobster Victor, is killed off early in the film, but he later appears as his embalmed corpse, posed in a chair, holding a cigar. In the late 1950s and 1960s, he appeared in a number of television series, mostly westerns. He was featured on three episodes of the CBS courtroom drama series \"Perry Mason\", including the episodes \"The Case of the Drifting Dropout\" (1964), in which he played murder victim Mort Lynch, and \"The Case of the Positive Negative\" (1966), in the role of murder victim George Emory. Other television appearances included \"The Californians\", \"The Lone Ranger\", \"Maverick\", \"Tales of Wells Fargo\", \"Sugarfoot\", \"Jefferson Drum\", \"Richard Diamond, Private Detective\", \"Frontier Doctor\", \"Mackenzie's Raiders\", \"Riverboat\", \"Tate\", \"The Twilight Zone\", \"Sea Hunt\", \"Lawman\", \"Stoney Burke\", \"Rawhide\", \"Daniel Boone\", \"Gunsmoke\", \"The Dakotas\", \"I Dream of Jeannie\", \"Get Smart\", \"Zane Grey Theater\" and \"The Outer Limits\" (episode \"The Inheritors\", 1964). He died at the age of 69 in Encino, California, from a heart attack. His body was cremated and his ashes were scattered at sea. Ted de Corsia Ted de Corsia (September 29, 1903 – April 11, 1973) was an American radio, film, and television actor best remembered for his role as a gangster who turned state's evidence in the film \"The Enforcer\" (1951). Edward Gildea De Corsia was born in Brooklyn, New York. De Corsia was a member of the cast of" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender and the New Racism by Patricia Hill Collins is a work of critical theory that discusses the way that race, class and gender intersect to affect the lives of African American men and women in many different ways, but with similar results. The book explores the way that new forms of racism can work to oppress black people, while filling them with messages of liberation. \"Black Sexual Politics\" also examines the way a narrow sexual politics based on American ideas/ ideals of masculinity, femininity and the appropriate expression of sexuality work to repress gay and hetero, male and female. Collins' work also proposes a liberatory politics for black Americans, centered on honest dialogue about the way stereotypical imagery and limiting racist and sexist ideology have harmed African Americans in the past, and how African Americans might progress beyond these ideas and their manifestations to become active change agents in their own communities. The book starts from the premise that in order to achieve a more progressive black political agenda, African Americans need to look critically at the way race, class and gender intersect in their lives to create different responses. Looking at the black community as a monolith may prevent us from seeing that African American women are the targets of specific social welfare policies or that African American men are being disproportionately incarcerated. Both of these results stem from racism, but take on a gendered approach. In \"Black Sexual Politics\", Hill Collins proposes several ideas for black liberation, though the book is focused on getting individuals to find creative ways to challenge racism, sexism and homophobia as it manifests itself in their own communities. One idea that Hill Collins purports is that African Americans need to create and support avenues of self-expression that allow them to tell their own stories about the effects of racism/ sexism/ homophobia, and to share their emotional and sexual experiences as African American persons. This work is being done, but is largely in its infancy. Hill Collins also argues that it is critical for African Americans to define new visions of success that resist traditional Western/ American views. She argues that equating masculinity with wealth and femininity with submissiveness and financial dependence is harmful to all groups, but especially for African Americans, who have been traditionally locked out of the economic opportunity structure. In a society where black men face threats to their economic well being, and disproportionately are incarcerated and lack access to quality education, any vision of masculinity that suggests that to be a man is to be financially successful puts a great number of black males at odds. Collins argues for a new, more holistic version of success, that includes visions of the importance of personal character apart from economic achievement. Hill Collins argues that there needs to be a culture of honesty in the black community, whereby black persons can express their ideas and identities in a whole way. If we do not create the space for black people to express their sexual perspectives freely, then we create a space where the silence and deceptiveness that leads to the spread of HIV/ AIDS to continue. When we can discuss sexuality from multiple perspectives, we allow people the space to talk about sex and sexuality and feel more comfortable engaging their partners in dialogues about their own sexual history, sexual feelings, and lead to STD testing and full appreciation and connection of one another. In \"Black Sexual Politics\" Collins expresses the view that the black community will not reach its progressive political agenda, nor will it be able to successfully address social issues such as the HIV/ AIDS crisis affecting the black community, if it does not allow marginalized voices like women and LGBT persons to express their perspectives and lifestyles. Collins believes that a group cannot be truly revolutionary or progressive if it works to oppress others. She also believes that a view of the black community that values some identities and expressions over others limits the connectedness that others in that community feel, and prevents issues disproportionately affecting them to be discussed in meaningful ways. She argues that a narrow black sexual politics that places extreme value on limiting views of the role of the male and the role of the female, and also on the role of appropriate and socially acceptable sexual behavior works to deny LGBT people their agency, and prevents honest dialogue about different types of sexual lifestyles. This can work to the oppression of LGBT people, but also of heterosexual women and men, oppressed by views of sexuality which limit their sexual expression, and thus limit the space for them to talk about their lifestyles in a way that breeds honesty, self-affirmation and prevents the spread of disease. Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender and the New Racism by Patricia Hill Collins is a work of critical theory that discusses the way that race, class and gender intersect to affect the lives of African American men and women in many different ways, but with similar results. The book explores the way that new forms of racism can work to oppress black people, while filling them with messages of liberation. \"Black Sexual Politics\" also examines the way a narrow sexual" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Brad Bell (golfer) Brad Bell (born September 1, 1961) is an American professional golfer. Bell was born in Sacramento, California. He played college golf at UC Davis and UCLA where he was a two-time All-American. Bell played on the European Tour in 1986 and 1987 where his best finish was T-37 at the 1986 Scandinavian Enterprise Open. He played on the Ben Hogan Tour (now Nationwide Tour) in 1990, winning the Ben Hogan South Texas Open. He played on the PGA Tour in 1991 and 1992, where his best finish was T-14 at the 1992 Buick Southern Open. Bell is now a golf course architect with his own design company, Brad Bell Golf Course Design. Brad Bell (golfer) Brad Bell (born September 1, 1961) is an American professional golfer. Bell was born in Sacramento, California. He played college golf at UC Davis and UCLA where he was a two-time All-American. Bell played on the European Tour in 1986 and 1987 where his best finish was T-37 at the 1986 Scandinavian Enterprise Open. He played on the Ben Hogan Tour (now Nationwide Tour) in 1990, winning the Ben Hogan South Texas Open. He played on the PGA Tour in 1991 and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Bluecrest Health Bluecrest Health is a privately run health screening company founded in the UK in 2012 and based in Worthing, West Sussex. Bluecrest offer a range of screenings in the UK and Ireland; clinics are set up at mobile sites across the country. A division of Bluecrest Health Screening, Bluecrest Wellness, also offers health screening to corporate clients, providing health screening at a range of locations to company employees. Food manufacturer Danone UK offers free annual health checks to all of its staff via Bluecrest. Hertfordshire County Council makes the offer to all its employees but through a salary sacrifice scheme. Other clients include Capita. The company was named Healthcare and Wellbeing Provider of Year in the Workplace Savings & Benefits Awards 2016. Bluecrest Health Bluecrest Health is a privately run health screening company founded in the UK in 2012 and based in Worthing, West Sussex. Bluecrest offer a range of screenings in the UK and Ireland; clinics are set up at mobile sites across the country. A division of Bluecrest Health Screening, Bluecrest Wellness, also offers health screening to corporate clients, providing health screening at a range of locations to company employees. Food manufacturer Danone UK offers free" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Chuck Garfien Chuck Garfien is an anchor/reporter for NBC Sports Chicago. He's the host of White Sox Pregame/Postgame Live, and is the station's sideline reporter for the Chicago Bulls. Since joining NBC Sports Chicago in 2004, Garfien has won 6 Chicago/Midwest Emmy awards for feature stories on Chicago sports. Along with his work on-air and writing for nbcsportschicago.com, Garfien hosts the White Sox Talk Podcast, featuring interviews, news and discussions regarding the club. Prior to joining NBC Sports Chicago, Garfien was an anchor/reporter for Fox Sports Net in Denver. He served a two-year stint with ESPN and was one of the original anchors on ESPNEWS. He was the Sports Director for two years at WWJ-TV/WKBD-TV, the CBS and UPN affiliates in Detroit, and was a sports anchor/reporter for WABC-TV in New York City. Garfien was also a sports anchor/reporter at WHTM-TV in Harrisburg, PA and had his first on-air sportscasting job at WPBN-TV in Traverse City, MI. Garfien is a board member for the Illinois Council Against Handgun Violence. He graduated from USC with a degree in communications and attended Homewood-Flossmoor High School. Garfien's broadcasting career began at Homewood-Flossmoor High School, where he spent 4 years working for WHFH. He was the station manager during his senior year. Chuck Garfien Chuck Garfien is an anchor/reporter for NBC Sports Chicago. He's the host of White Sox Pregame/Postgame Live, and is the station's sideline reporter for the Chicago Bulls. Since joining NBC Sports Chicago in 2004, Garfien has won 6 Chicago/Midwest Emmy awards for feature stories on Chicago sports. Along with his work on-air and writing for nbcsportschicago.com, Garfien hosts the White Sox Talk Podcast, featuring interviews, news and discussions regarding the club. Prior to joining NBC Sports Chicago, Garfien was an anchor/reporter for Fox Sports Net in Denver. He served a" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "ACAMPs Apoptotic-cell associated molecular patterns (ACAMPs) are molecular markers present on cells which are going through apoptosis, i.e. programmed cell death (similarly, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are markers of invading pathogens and Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are markers of damaged tissue). The term was used for the first time by C. D. Gregory in 2000. Recognition of these patterns by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of phagocytes then leads to phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell. These patterns include eat-me signals on the apoptotic cells, loss of don’t-eat-me signals on viable cells and come-get-me signals (also find-me signals)) secreted by the apoptotic cells in order to attract phagocytes (mostly macrophages and immature dendritic cells). Thanks to these markers, apoptotic cells, unlike necrotic cells, do not trigger the unwanted immune response. Eat-me signals mark the apoptotic cells for phagocytes which can subsequently engulf them and actively prevent the inflammation. Various molecular markers can serve as eat-me signals, particularly a change in composition of the cell membrane, modifications of molecules on the cell surface, changed charge on the plasma membrane, or indirectly the extracellular bridging molecules. Deposition of different phospholipids in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is strictly asymmetric. On a viable cell, phosphatidylserine is only present in the inner layer of the cell membrane – this is maintained by aminophospholipid translocase. During apoptosis, the phospholipid scrambling activity occurs and the aminophospholipid translocase activity is reduced. Consequently, the phosphatidylserine content in the outer leaflet of the membrane is quickly increased. It is then recognized by one or more receptors of the phagocytes. The phosphatidylserine molecules can also be oxidized and contribute to the induction of engulfment. Some molecules naturally present on cells can also work as eat-me signals after certain modifications. The externalized phospholipids can be oxidized and recognized by scavenger receptors of the phagocytes. Similarly, adhesion molecule ICAM3, normally recognized by macrophage integrins, is after alteration bound by macrophage CD14. Additionally, some intracellular molecules are displayed on the cell surface after induction of the apoptotic program to ease the recognition. As an example, annexin I is externalized in the same locations as phosphatidylserine and helps with clustering phagocytic phosphatidylserine receptors around the apoptotic cell. Another externalized molecule marking apoptotic cells is calreticulin. Generally, the ability of apoptotic cells to change their charge with polyanionic structures marks them as a target for phagocytosis. Extracellular bridging molecules are serum proteins which facilitate connection between apoptotic cell and phagocyte. They can also be seen as secreted forms of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). These include collectins, components of complement pathways (e.g. C1q, C3b) and other molecules found in extracellular space. Collectins (e.g. mannose-binding lectin and surfactant protein A) bind the altered surface sugars on apoptotic cell and enable easier uptake by phagocytes which recognize their complex with calreticulin. Besides complement particles C1q and C3b which help to opsonize the apoptotic cells, also thrombospondin, pentraxins (C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P), β2GP1, MFG-E8 and GAS-6 are also capable of creating a bridge between macrophage and apoptotic cell. Don’t-eat-me signals (also SAMPs = self-associated molecular patterns) are present on all host viable cells and actively protect the cells from engulfment. They achieve this by facilitating a detachment of phagocytes from the cell (CD31-CD31 interaction) or even sending repulsive signals towards the phagocyte (CD47-SIRPα interaction). Another molecule, CD300a binds the externalized phospholipids and prevents the phagocytosis. During apoptosis, these signals must be removed or changed in order not to block the ingestion by phagocyte. Another marker of non-apoptotic cells is specific surface molecules glycosylation. The sugar chains are usually terminated with sialic acid which then binds various molecules and receptors and efficiently prevents the cell from phagocytosis. Non-apoptotic cells also express complement inhibitors, preventing the assembly of C3 convertase or the lytic pore. Among soluble inhibitors there are factor H, C1 inhibitor, C4b-binding protein, factor I, S protein or clusterin, the membrane-bound inhibitors are CR1, membrane cofactor protein (MCF), decay accelerating factor (DAF) or protectin (CD59). Phagocytes are attracted to the site with apoptotic cells by so-called come-get-me or find-me signals. During apoptosis, caspase 3 activates the Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2, leading to release of lysophosphatidylcholine which acts as such attractant. Other find-me signals include fractalkine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ATP and UTP nucleotides, or endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II). Diversity of ACAMPs requires many receptor families for their recognition. These include scavenger receptors (e.g. CD36, CD68, LOX-1 recognizing oxidized LDL), integrins (e.g. αβrecognizing MFG-E8 or thrombospondin), lectins (binding the altered sugars), the receptor tyrosine kinase MER (recognizing GAS-6), LRP1 (interacts with calreticulin which is a known C1q receptor), or complement receptors (CR3 and CR4). There is a variety of receptors which recognize the externalized phosphatidylserine. Among others, brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing molecule 4 (TIM-4) and TIM-1, stabilin-2, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), The phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR), previously thought to mediate the engulfment of apoptotic cells, was shown to only indirectly contribute to the process. Certain molecules which are numbered among ACAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) because they share structural characteristics with PAMPs. As an example, CD14 normally binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the surface of gram-negative bacteria but can also recognize LPS-like structures on apoptotic cells. C1q and collectins are other PRRs which could potentially recognize both PAMPs and ACAMPs structures. It is necessary to additionally use the unique recognition pathways for distinguishing the two cases (for example, the Toll-like receptors signalling directs the proinflammatory response triggered by PAMPs). ACAMPs Apoptotic-cell associated molecular patterns (ACAMPs) are molecular markers present on cells which are going through apoptosis, i.e. programmed cell death (similarly, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are markers of invading pathogens and Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are markers of damaged tissue). The term was used for the first time by C. D. Gregory in 2000. Recognition of these patterns by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of phagocytes then leads to phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell. These patterns include eat-me signals on the apoptotic cells, loss of don’t-eat-me signals on viable cells" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Volixibat Volixibat (INN; development code SHP626) is a medication under development as a possible treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the most severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). No other pharmacotherapy yet exists for NASH, so there is interest in whether volixibat can prove to be both safe and effective. To encourage development and testing, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued fast track status. Volixibat is an IBAT inhibitor, meaning that it blocks the function of the IBAT protein (ileal bile acid transporter), which is also called SLC10A2 (solute carrier family 10 member 2) or ASBT (apical sodium–bile acid transporter). IBAT is most highly expressed in the ileum, where it is found on the brush border membrane of enterocytes. It is responsible for the initial uptake of bile acids, particularly conjugated bile acids, from the intestine as part of their enterohepatic circulation. Volixibat Volixibat (INN; development code SHP626) is a medication under development as a possible treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the most severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). No other pharmacotherapy yet exists for NASH, so there is interest in whether volixibat can prove to be both safe and effective. To encourage development" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Biryukove Biryukove (; , \"Biryukovo\") is an urban-type settlement in Sverdlovsk Raion of Luhansk Oblast, a part of Ukraine. Population: . It is situated in 18 km from Sverdlovsk near the river Kundrjutsja, feeder of Seversky Donets. The nearest railway station, Dolzhanskaya, is situated in 12 km out of Biryukove. Villages Bratskoe and Dovzhanske is under subordination of Biryukove, because it is a center of Village Council. Biryukove was found in 1778 by serfs from villages Rovenky and Krasnovka, as village Krinichnoe (). In December 1917 Soviet government take a control under village. In 1920 it was renamed in Biryukove, in honor of the Communist, chairman of the Council of Peasant Deputies Biryukov V.M., who was killed in March by local opponents of Soviet government. About a thousand of citizens were participants of World War II, about 340 died, more than 700 were decorated. In 1964 it got a status of urban-type settlement. Since 2014, Biryukove has been controlled by forces of the Luhansk People's Republic. On July 7, 2014, one Ukrainian border guard was wounded after a mortar attack on this town's checkpoint, south of Sverdlovsk, Luhansk Oblast. Biryukove Biryukove (; , \"Biryukovo\") is an urban-type settlement in Sverdlovsk" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Feminization of language In linguistics, feminization has two mutually independent meanings. First, it refers to the process of re-classifying nouns and adjectives which as such refer to male beings, including occupational terms, as feminine. This is done most of the time by adding inflectional suffixes denoting a female (such as the standard suffix \"-ess\" in English, and its equivalent \"-a\" in Spanish). In some languages with grammatical gender, for example Dutch, there is a tendency to assign the feminine gender to certain – in particular abstract – nouns which are originally masculine or neuter. This also happened to some words in Middle English (which, in contrast to Modern English, had grammatical gender) which denoted virtue and vice. In Modern English, in spite of it being a gender-neutral language, certain non-human things that are usually neuter are still sometimes feminized by way of figure of speech, especially countries and ships (see also , ). Feminists believe the use of the generic masculine to refer to someone who's gender is unknown erases women and should be abolished. There are a number of arguments against such prescriptive rules however. Double gender marking is prevalent in radical political pamphlets and manifestos. This is difficult to track, however, as these types of publications are written by many groups and tend to be published by organizations that don't keep detailed records of their activities. Female members of a profession can be referred to with the masculine ending -e (eg. presidente) or the feminine -essa (eg. presidentessa). A 2001 study by Mucchi-Faina and Barro showed that women professionals are more persuasive when using the masculine ending while a 2012 study by Merkel et al. show there was no difference in perception. Noun declension is asymmetrical in Russian. Women can be referred to with suffixes of the first or second declension but men can only be referred to with first declension suffixes. \"Man\" is commonly used to mean 'one' and is frequently used in general statements. It is similar to English indefinite \"you\" or \"one.\" Feminine job titles are usually created by adding -in to the grammatically masculine word in question. Informatiker (singular or plural). The feminine form is Informatikerin (singular) and Informatikerinnen (plural). Feminization of language In linguistics, feminization has two mutually independent meanings. First, it refers to the process of re-classifying nouns and adjectives which as such refer to male beings, including occupational terms, as feminine." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Ing Cup The Ing Cup is an international Go tournament, with a large cash prize of over US$400,000. It was begun by, and is named after, Ing Chang-ki. In the 7th Ing Cup (2012/13), Fan Tingyu (b. 1996) beat Park Junghwan (b. 1993) [3-1] and became the youngest Ing Cup winner in history. In the semifinal, Fan defeated Xie He, and Park defeated Lee Chang-ho. The Ing Cup is sponsored by Ing, Yomiuri Shimbun, the Nihon-Kiin, and Kansai-Kiin, and held every 4 years (and thus often nicknamed Go Olympics). The competition has its own rules and an 8-point komi. The time allotment is 3.5 hours for each player, while players are available to buy an extra 35 minutes for an additional 2-point komi a maximum of three times. The first rounds are knockouts, while the semi-finals and finals are a best-of-3 and best-of-5 respectively. Ing Cup The Ing Cup is an international Go tournament, with a large cash prize of over US$400,000. It was begun by, and is named after, Ing Chang-ki. In the 7th Ing Cup (2012/13), Fan Tingyu (b. 1996) beat Park Junghwan (b. 1993) [3-1] and became the youngest Ing Cup winner in history. In the semifinal," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Ménilmontant Ménilmontant () is a neighbourhood of Paris, situated in the city's 20th arrondissement. It is affectionately known to locals as \"Ménilmuche\". Originally a hamlet within the independent commune (municipality) of Belleville, Ménilmontant was, like other suburban communes surrounding the French capital, absorbed into the city of Paris in 1860. The name is said to derive from \"Mesnil Mautemps\", meaning \"bad weather house\". By the 16th century \"mautemps\" had been corrupted into \"montant\" (meaning \"climbing\"), probably owing to its situation on a hill overlooking Paris. In 1832, the area also served as the location of a retreat, established by the Saint-Simonian theorist Enfantin and forty followers. Before its 1860 absorption into Paris, Ménilmontant lay beyond the capital's tax border \"(octroi)\", so that wine was cheaper there, leading to the development of numerous drinking establishments, known as \"guinguettes\", in the 18th century. It has long been a predominantly working-class neighborhood, and in the early 1830s became notorious for the commune established there by the Saint-Simonians before being banned by the authorities. Ménilmontant is served by the Ménilmontant station of the Métro. Ménilmontant Ménilmontant () is a neighbourhood of Paris, situated in the city's 20th arrondissement. It is affectionately known to locals" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Carlos Alfredo Peyrellade Carlos Alfredo Peyrellade Zaldivar (1840-1908) was a Haitian classical pianist and music educator. He is best known as founder of the Carlos Alfredo Peyrellade Conservatory of music in Havana, Cuba. Peyrellade was born in Port-au-Prince into a musical family. His brothers Emilio, Eduardo (1846-1830) and Federico were also musicians. Carlos studied music with Nicolás Ruiz Espadero in Cuba, and his father sent him to continue his studies in Paris with Camille Marie Stamaty and Pierre Maleden. He made his debut at the Salle Pleyel Salón Saint Germain and Salón Beethoven with Belgian flautist Delphin Allard, and afterward he conducted a career as a concert pianist in Europe. Peyrellade served as accompanist for the Círculo de la Unión Artística de París and replaced Louis Moreau Gottschalk in New York as professor at the piano academy. In 1865 Peyrellade returned to Port-au-Prince, where he played a number of concerts that helped pay for the redemption of slaves. He worked from 1866 to 1871 as professor for the Benemérita Popular Santa Cecilia, and eventually settled in Havana. Before the Cuban War of Independence, Dutch pianist Hubert de Blanck located in Havana, and went on to establish a Cuban conservatory of music in 1885. During the war, De Blanck was involved with the revolutionaries and was arrested and deported. Peyrellade took over his conservatory and went on to open and operate music schools in Havana and Camagüey as the Carlos Alfredo Peyrellade Conservatories. Peyrellade also wrote several popular songs. He died in Havana in 1908. A number of notable musicians graduated from the Peyrellade conservatories, including Jaime Prats, Ernesto Lecuona, Adolfo Fernández, Cecilia Arizti, Rita Montaner, Tania León, Héctor García, Josie Pujol, and Dulce Beatriz. Carlos Alfredo Peyrellade Carlos Alfredo Peyrellade Zaldivar (1840-1908) was a Haitian classical pianist and music educator." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "UEFA Euro 2016 squads For UEFA Euro 2016, the 24 participating national teams had to submit squads of 23 players – of which three had to be goalkeepers – by 31 May 2016, 10 days prior to the opening match of the tournament. In the event that a player on the submitted squad list suffered an injury or illness prior to his team's first match of the tournament, that player could be replaced, provided that the team doctor and a doctor from the UEFA Medical Committee both confirmed that the injury or illness is severe enough to prevent the player's participation in the tournament. The age listed for each player is on 10 June 2016, the first day of the tournament. The number of caps listed for each player does not include any matches played after the start of UEFA Euro 2016. The club listed is the club for which the player last played a competitive match prior to the tournament. The nationality for each club reflects the national association (not the league) to which the club is affiliated. Manager: Didier Deschamps France announced their squad on 12 May. Raphaël Varane was initially on the squad but was replaced by Adil Rami after injury. On 28 May, Jérémy Mathieu was replaced by Samuel Umtiti due to an injury. On 31 May, Lassana Diarra was replaced by Morgan Schneiderlin because of an injury. The squad numbers were announced on 30 May. Manager: Anghel Iordănescu Romania announced their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Gianni De Biasi Albania named their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Vladimir Petković Switzerland announced their final squad on 30 May. Manager: Roy Hodgson England named their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Leonid Slutsky Russia announced their final squad on 21 May. Midfielder Alan Dzagoev was in the original squad but injured a metatarsal and was replaced by Dmitri Torbinski. On 7 June, Igor Denisov was replaced by Artur Yusupov after an injury. Manager: Chris Coleman Wales announced their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Ján Kozák Slovakia announced their final squad on 30 May. Manager: Joachim Löw Germany announced their final squad on 31 May. On 7 June, Antonio Rüdiger suffered an injury and was replaced by Jonathan Tah one day later. Manager: Mykhaylo Fomenko Ukraine announced their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Adam Nawałka Poland announced their final squad on 30 May. Manager: Michael O'Neill Northern Ireland announced their squad on 28 May. Manager: Vicente del Bosque Spain announced their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Pavel Vrba Czech Republic announced their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Fatih Terim Turkey announced their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Ante Čačić Croatia named their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Marc Wilmots Belgium announced their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Antonio Conte Italy announced their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Martin O'Neill Republic of Ireland announced their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Erik Hamrén Sweden announced their final squad on 11 May. Manager: Fernando Santos Portugal announced their final squad on 17 May. Managers: Heimir Hallgrímsson & Lars Lagerbäck Iceland announced their final squad on 9 May. Manager: Marcel Koller Austria announced their final squad on 31 May. Manager: Bernd Storck Hungary announced their final squad on 31 May. The above table is the same when it comes to league representation, with only the following exceptions: Only England had all its players from the nation's club teams. Iceland, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland had none of their players from the respective nation's club teams. UEFA Euro 2016 squads" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "1952 Afghan parliamentary election A royal proclamation was issued calling upon the people to elect the eighth National Assembly, consisting of 171 seats, within three months. As no census of population has ever been taken there were no electoral lists, the February 1952 election in Afghanistan consisted in calling public meetings in which people voted for the official candidates by acclamation. In Kabul, where the election took place on April 20, there were two opposition candidates, but the government candidates were said to be elected by considerable majorities; however, out of about 50,000 entitled to vote, only 7,000 actually voted. 1952 Afghan parliamentary election A royal proclamation was issued calling upon the people to elect the eighth National Assembly, consisting of 171 seats, within three months. As no census of population has ever been taken there were no electoral lists, the February 1952 election in Afghanistan consisted in calling public meetings in which people voted for the official candidates by acclamation. In Kabul, where the election took place on April 20, there were two opposition candidates, but the government candidates were said to be elected by considerable majorities; however, out of about 50,000 entitled to vote, only 7,000 actually voted." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "The Cruise of the Make-Believes The Cruise of the Make-Believes is a lost 1918 American silent dramatic feature film starring Lila Lee in her first motion picture. It was directed by George Melford and is based on a 1907 novel by Tom Gallon. Famous Players-Lasky produced and Paramount Pictures released. The film was released at the height of the 1918 flu pandemic. As described in a film magazine, Bessie Meggison (Lee) lives in the slums with her drunken father Daniel Meggison (Hacket) and presides over a boarding house. Gilbert Byfield, a wealthy youth who is writing a book, lives nearby in a cheap room. He becomes acquainted with Bessie and together they sail on many imaginary voyages on an improvised yacht in her back yard. Gilbert gives her father permission to take Bessie to his estate in the country for a month's vacation. Daniel Meggison invites his slum friends and drinks to his heart's content while Bessie entertains dozens of urchins. Gilbert returns and learns that Meggison has told Bessie that the estate belongs to him. Gilbert is also confronted by his fiance, and Bessie realizes that all of her family wealth is a sham. Heartbroken, she returns to her slum home. Gilbert finds her on the make believe ship and promises her that her dream of riches will come true. The Cruise of the Make-Believes The Cruise of the Make-Believes is a lost 1918 American silent dramatic feature film starring Lila Lee in her first motion picture. It was directed by George Melford and is based on a 1907 novel by Tom Gallon. Famous Players-Lasky produced and Paramount Pictures released. The film was released at the height of the 1918 flu pandemic. As described in a film magazine, Bessie Meggison (Lee) lives in the slums with her drunken father" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Charles McCabe Charles McCabe (1915–1983) was a columnist for the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" from the mid-1950s until his death May 1, 1983 at the age of 68. He was born and raised in New York's \"Hells Kitchen\" and was educated by the Jesuits. McCabe started as a police reporter for the \"New York American\" in 1936 and later worked for the \"Puerto Rico World-Journal\", United Press and \"The San Francisco Examiner\" before joining the \"Chronicle\" in the mid-1950s. McCabe wrote a book called \"Tall Girls are Grateful\" which humorously reflected upon his love/hate relationship with women, and another called \"The Good Man's Weakness\" recording his wry thoughts on drinking, the other love/hate relationship in his life. Another book was a biography of his grandfather-in-law, the newspaper man, E. W. Scripps, who was also principal founder and supporter of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Scripps Foundation. There is also a compilation of his essays put together in the book \"The Fearless Spectator\" by Chronicle Books (1970) McCabe was renowned in San Francisco for his satirical newspaper column in the \"Chronicle\" under the byline \"The Fearless Spectator\", and for his robust social life centered on the many \"watering holes\" he frequented. While at the \"Chronicle\", his boss Scott Newhall assigned him to do a column for the sports section of the newspaper. McCabe knew little about sports and had virtually no interest in the subject. Newhall dubbed him the \"fearless spectator\" and took publicity photographs of McCabe perched on a shooting stick, wearing a derby and looking bored. Initially the column was placed in the sports section but having little if anything to do with sports it was eventually moved to the features section. A black and white icon of McCabe in the bowler hat always sat next to the title of his column \"The Fearless Spectator\" McCabe would arrive at the \"Chronicle\" offices at 5th and Mission at what his colleagues called the \"ungodly hour\" of 8AM. He would feverishly type up his column and then leave before 9AM to get his breakfast of five or six \"Green Deaths\" at Gino and Carlo, a bar in San Francisco's North Beach neighborhood. McCabe professed little interest in what his readers wrote to him. His editorial assistant, Mike Brown, would write touching or apologetic replies to most if not all of the letters. It is interesting that many people still remember the beautiful letters and indicate that the letters formed their opinion about McCabe yet he never read nor wrote any of them. McCabe as previously noted was a satirical journalist. While there were sometimes underlying political implications in his columns, it was not common. In the late 1950s, US Steel proposed to build a huge building (the US Steel Tower) near the Embarcadero and towering 80 feet higher than the West Tower of the nearby Bay Bridge. Both McCabe and Herb Caen another \"SF Chronicle\" columnist wrote strongly against its construction. The project was eventually abandoned. McCabe was a frequent imbiber at his favorite bar Gino and Carlo, in North Beach where he enjoyed his \"Green Death\"; at Mooney's Irish Pub for the Irish whiskey and conversation; and sometimes at Dino and Carlo's Bar, also in North Beach for the dark beer, music, and a monthly get together with his friend Ron Small. Green Death was the nickname for Ranier Ale. This was McCabe's favorite beer and he often wrote about his fondness for the brew in his column. After his death, his friend Denis Prescott poured a bottle of the brew over the side of the cruise ship the \"Santa Maria\" in memory of McCabe. McCabe traveled on the \"Santa Maria\" frequently and was well known and liked by the ship's crew. They stopped the ship and announced the event just prior to the ceremonial pouring \"I went to Dino and Carlo's bar in North Beach every so often with my friend Ron Small. Ron would frequently meet there with an older guy who I was told worked at the SF Chronicle and on one occasion this Mr. Charles McCabe and I were sitting there waiting for Ron to arrive. Ron eventually showed up accompanied with the scruftiest looking person I had ever seen. This other guy looked like a unwashed biker. He wore a helmet that reminded me of a Nazi WW2 military helmet. The Grateful Dead were becoming popular around this time and I flashed that this must be \"PigPen\" from their band. I moaned \"good god\" Mr. McCabe said nothing just looked amused. Ron introduced our latest friend as George. Upon closer inspection he was neither dirty nor scrufty, just unshaved. McCabe asked what he was drinking. Ron quickly said - \"like you Charlie, he doesn't like the beer here - I bring stuff for him\" and pulled out a quart container of chocolate milk. George thanked Ron, quaffed down a good pint and then we all began to talk. Later I learned this was the Hell's Angel biker Chocolate George. I also learned that the milk carton contained only half chocolate milk and the other half some unspecified hard stuff. McCabe said that there was now a new name among the drinks that he might write about. First \"Green Death\" and now \"Chocolate Surprise\". McCabe had four children with Peggy Scripps McCabe: Margaret Ellen \"Nini\" McCabe, Charles K. McCabe, Peter McCabe, and Mary Pierce. Charles McCabe was found dead on May 1, 1983 in his San Francisco apartment by his daughter. He had apparently tripped and hit his head while falling. He died of a severe concussion More than 400 friends, colleagues and faithful readers gathered at St. Francis of Assisi Church in North Beach on May 4 for a final farewell to Charles McCabe, the stylish essayist who wrote a popular column for the \"Chronicle\" for nearly 25 years. The Mass of Resurrection was celebrated by his friend John M. Ring, pastor of Our Lady of Carmel Church in Mill Valley, who praised the writer for having \"a restless heart and mind and spirit, which were his greatest gifts.\" \"Charles couldn't stand anything phony, whether it be presidents, governors, oily-tongued clergymen or razor blades,\" the priest told a group that included socialites, journalists and many blue-collar drinking buddies. The Mass was planned in accordance with McCabe's will, in which he asked that the music at his funeral include Bach's \"Sheep May Safely Graze\" and that three Shakespeare sonnets be read by his friend and attorney, Carlos Bea. McCabe was also known for his satirical sayings. One of his more notable quotes was \"Any clod can have the facts, but having opinions is an art.\" <BR> Another was \"McCabe's Law: Nobody \"has\" to do \"anything\".\" \"This was a sort of \"golden age\" at the Chronicle. Pulitzer Prize winners Herb Caen and Stanton Delaplane along with Art Hoppe and Charles McCabe wonderful columnists all, were writing for the Chronicle at the same time. While I was fortunate to have known both Charlie and Herb, I wasn't their colleague, just a brash youngster\" Charles McCabe Charles McCabe (1915–1983) was a columnist for the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" from the mid-1950s until his death May 1, 1983 at the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Grey-headed fish eagle The grey-headed fish eagle (\"Haliaeetus ichthyaetus\") is a fish-eating bird of prey from South East Asia. It is a large stocky raptor with adults having dark brown upper body, grey head and lighter underbelly and white legs. Juveniles are paler with darker streaking. It is often confused with the lesser fish eagle (\"Haliaeetus humilis\") and the Pallas's fish eagle. The lesser fish eagle is similar in plumage but smaller and the Pallas’s fish eagle shares the same habitat and feeding behaviour but is larger with longer wings and darker underparts. Is often called tank eagle in Sri Lanka due to its fondness for irrigation tanks. The grey-headed fish eagle is included in the order Accipitriformes and the family Accipitridae, which includes most birds of prey except for the ospreys and falcons. Lerner & Mindell placed the grey-headed fish eagle in the subfamily Haliaeetinae, which includes the genera \"Haliaeetus\" (sea eagles) It was first described by Horsfield in 1841 as \"Falco ichthyaetus\". This paraphyletic group forms a close sister relationship with the subfamily Milvinae (composed of two genera, \"Milvus\" and \"Haliatur\"), based on the shared trait of basal fusion of the second and third phalanges found only in these two groups. Some taxonomic authorities place this species in the monotypic genus Ichthyophaga. A smallish to medium-sized but quite bulky fish eagle. Has a small bill, a small head on long neck, rounded tail and shortish legs with unfeathered tarsi and long talons. Wings aren’t very long and wingtips reach less than halfway down tail. Males and females are sexually dimorphic. The grey-headed fish eagle has a body length of 61–75 cm. Females are heavier than males at 2.3–2.7 kg compared to 1.6 kg. The tail measures between 23–28 cm and the tarsus 8.5–10 cm. The wingspan measure between 155–170 cm. Adults are grey-brown with a pale grey head and pale iris, belly and tail are white with the having a broad black subterminal band. Breast and neck are brown, with the wings on top dark brown with blacker primaries and below brown. Juveniles the head and neck are brown, greyer on the ides of throat, with buff supercilia and whitish streaks. The rest of the upperparts are darker brown, edged with grey and secondaries and tertials faintly barred. Tail black and white marbled with broader dark subterminal band and white tip. Belly and thighs white, while breast and flanks brown streaked with white. Iris is darker than adult. As juveniles mature subterminal band becomes more prominent, head becomes greyer and loses streaking becoming uniformly brown. The grey-headed fish eagle has a wide distribution (38˚ N to 6˚ S) that encompasses India and South-East Asia to Malaysia, Western Indonesia and Philippines. It is generally uncommon but can be rare or local. In North and East India it is found in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Assam. It is uncommon in North and East Sri Lanka, rare and local in Nepal and uncommon and local in Bangladesh. It is rare and local in South Thailand and rare in Laos; scarce in Vietnam, Cambodia and Malaysia to Sumatra; very rare in Java and Sulawesi except for a small local population and scarce in Borneo and the Philippines. Grey-headed fish eagles live in lowland forests up to 1,500 m above sea-level. Their nests are close to bodies of water such as slow-moving rivers and streams, lakes, lagoons, reservoirs, marshes, swamps and coastal lagoons and estuaries. They are also known to frequent irrigation tanks in Sri Lanka, hence where their alternate English in Sri Lanka comes from. It is a sedentary bird that can be solitary or occur in pairs. It is non-migratory. Juveniles disperse from the breeding areas, presumably in search of mates or another food source. The grey headed fish eagle spends much of its time perching upright on bare branches over water bodies, occasionally flying down to catch fish. Flight is heavy looking with sharp and full wing-beats on flattish wings. Spends little time in the air soaring possibly due to habitat it lives in and no other aerial displays have been described. The breeding season of the grey-headed fish eagle usually takes place between November and May across most of its mainland range, but changes from December to March in Sri Lanka, November to January in India. Nests have been found in January–March in Burma, April in Sumatra and August in Borneo, it is unclear whether these nest were old or being used for breeding. Breeding in the Prek Toal protected area of the Tonlé Sap follow the flood regimes that begin in September, with eggs near hatching or hatching at peak flood waters in October–November. The grey-headed fish eagle builds a huge stick nest, up to 1.5 metres across and, with repeated use, up to 2 metres deep. The nest is lined with green leaves and were situated in tall trees (8–30 m) on or near the top of the tree with an open crown structure, which can be in a forest or a standalone tree. Nest sites were always near or by a water source with the avoidance of human habitations and is consistent with other fish eagles due to ease of access and food abundance. The clutch size can be between 2 and 4 eggs but usually 2 unmarked white eggs are laid per couple. Little is known about the level of parental care employed by the grey headed fish eagle, the evidence points towards monogamy and shared parental care duties. Both incubation, foraging and fledgling feeding are carried out by the male and female, with incubation lasting 45–50 days and the fledgling period 70 days. As the common name suggests the grey-headed fish eagle is a specialist piscivore, which preys upon live fish and scavenges dead fish and occasionally reptiles and terrestrial birds and small mammals. Tingay et al. found that the diet of the grey-headed fish eagle in the Prek Toal protected area of the Tonlé Sap contains the endangered Tonlé Sap water snake. Whether this is the primary prey item of their diet or a seasonal occurrence in this are remains unclear. The most common method of foraging used is to catch fish from a hunting perch close to a water source with a short flight to snatch prey on the water surface or just below. Also quarters over stretches of river or lakes and fish too heavy to lift may be dragged to bank to devour. It is also dynamic in prey pursuit and can catch fish in rough water such as rapids. Both species in the genus \"Ichthyophaga\" have strongly recurved talons like the osprey (Pandionidae) a specialisation for catching fish, which is lacking in the genus \"Haliaeetus\" (sea eagles). The calls of the grey-headed fish eagle include a gurgling \"awh-awhr\" and \"chee-warr\" repeated 5–6 times, an owlish \"ooo-wok\", \"ooo-wok\", \"ooo-wok\", a nasally honking \"uh-wuk\" and a loud high pitched scream. These begin as subdued low short notes each succeeding one more strongly upturned and more strident then previous then dying away again and are uttered from a perch or on the wing. Fledglings give a longer nasal \"uuuw-whaar\" that starts low and subdued then becomes, louder and higher and strident. During the breeding season becomes quite vocal, with calls being loud and far carrying, often calling also at night. Although not currently considered to be threatened with extinction, the population of grey-headed fish eagles is declining, the result of numerous and varied threats. The loss of suitable wetland habitat, deforestation, over-fishing, siltation, persecution, human disturbance and pollution resulting in a loss of nesting sites and reduced food supply. Tingay et al. noted that these statements are based mostly on anecdotal evidence, although their studies found a definitive negative link between human habitation and grey-headed fish eagle nest occupancy rates in Cambodia. Another critical threat to the Cambodian populations of the grey-headed fish eagle on the Tonlé Sap is the damming of the Mekong River for hydropower, which will possibly have adverse effects on critical", "also at night. Although not currently considered to be threatened with extinction, the population of grey-headed fish eagles is declining, the result of numerous and varied threats. The loss of suitable wetland habitat, deforestation, over-fishing, siltation, persecution, human disturbance and pollution resulting in a loss of nesting sites and reduced food supply. Tingay et al. noted that these statements are based mostly on anecdotal evidence, although their studies found a definitive negative link between human habitation and grey-headed fish eagle nest occupancy rates in Cambodia. Another critical threat to the Cambodian populations of the grey-headed fish eagle on the Tonlé Sap is the damming of the Mekong River for hydropower, which will possibly have adverse effects on critical flood regimes of the Tonlé Sap. The grey-headed fish eagle is currently listed as Near-Threatened on the IUCN Red List. The population is estimated to be between 10,000–100,000 mature individuals on the basis that it may not exceed a five figure total. This estimate was completed in 2001 with poor data quality, combined with a marked decrease in populations is would be reasonable to assume that the number is closer to 10,000 and bordering on being classified Vulnerable. The population is spread out over 5 million km² and is now thought be only common locally, with moderate rapid population decline throughout its range. Although there are no active conservation measures currently in place for the grey-headed fish eagle, there is an annual monitoring programme for the breeding population in the Prek Toal protected area at the Tonlé Sap Lake in Cambodia, which has been conducted each year since 2006. The programme provides baseline information on the ecology of the species and the status and distribution of the breeding population. A number of other conservation actions have also been proposed by the IUCN, these include surveys to reveal important areas and regularly monitor at various sites throughout its range, protect forests in areas known to be important to the species and conduct awareness campaigns involving local residents to engender pride in the species and encourage better care of wetland areas. Grey-headed fish eagle The grey-headed fish eagle (\"Haliaeetus ichthyaetus\") is a fish-eating bird of prey from South East Asia. It is a large stocky raptor with adults having dark brown upper body, grey head and lighter underbelly" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Christy Heffernan Christy Heffernan (born 26 December 1957) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a full-forward for the Kilkenny senior team. Born in Glenmore, County Kilkenny, Heffernan first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty-two when he first linked up with the Kilkenny senior team. He made his senior debut during the 1981 championship. Heffernan went on to play a key part for Kilkenny, and won four All-Ireland medals, seven Leinster medals and four National Hurling League medals. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on two occasions. As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Heffernan won one Railway Cup medal in 1989. At club level he is a one-time All-Ireland medallist with Glenmore. In addition to this he also won two Leinster medals and five championship medals. He also captained the Glenmore Senior Football team to victory in the 1989 county final, also winning man of the match by scoring 5 points from the middle of the field. Throughout his career Heffernan made 32 championship appearances. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1993 championship. Heffernan is widely regarded as one of Kilkenny's all-time greatest players. During his playing days he won one All-Star award, while he was later chosen at full-forward on the Kilkenny Hurling Team of the Century. Heffernan played his club hurling with his local Glenmore club. He enjoyed much success with the club and won his first senior county title as captain in 1987. Heffernan won a second county medal in 1990 and this was quickly converted into a Leinster club title. Glenmore later defeated Patrickswell in the All-Ireland final, with Heffernan scoring the winning goal in the 33rd minute. In 1992 Heffernan won his third county medal. 1995 saw Glenmore winning a fourth county title which was subsequently converted into a second Leinster club title for Heffernan. Heffernan first came to prominence on the inter-county scene in the early 1980s. He was a member of the Kilkenny senior hurling team that won the National Hurling League in 1982 and later collected his first Leinster title. Heffernan subsequently won his first All-Ireland medal as Kilkenny defeated Cork in the championship decider. The following year Heffernan won his second National League title before winning his second Leinster title. He later won his second consecutive All-Ireland medal following a second consecutive defeat of Cork in the final. Kilkenny lost their provincial crown for the following few years, however, Heffernan won a third National League medal and a third Leinster medal in 1986, however, ‘the Cats’ were beaten in the All-Ireland semi-final. In 1987 Heffernan won his fourth Leinster title, however, Kilkenny went on to lose the All-Ireland final to Galway. Heffernan’s side took a back seat to Offaly for the next few years in the Leinster Championship, however, he did win a forth National League title in 1990. In 1991 Heffernan was appointed captain of the Kilkenny hurling team. That year he won a fifth Leinster medal, however, his side were subsequently defeated by Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. 1992 saw Heffernan add a sixth provincial title to his collection and he later claimed a third All-Ireland medal when he came on as a substitute in Kilkenny’s defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. In 1993 he collected a seventh Leinster title before once again coming on as a substitute to claim a fourth All-Ireland medal in Kilkenny’s defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. Christy Heffernan Christy Heffernan (born 26 December 1957) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a full-forward for the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Garbage (computer science) In computer science, garbage includes objects, data, or other regions of the memory of a computer system (or other system resources), which will not be used in any future computation by the system, or by a program running on it. As computer systems all have finite amounts of memory, it is frequently necessary to \"deallocate\" garbage and return it to the heap, or memory pool, so the underlying memory can be reused. Garbage is generally classified into two types: semantic garbage that is any object or data never accessed by a running program for any combination of program inputs, and syntactic garbage that refers to objects or data within a program's memory space but unreachable from the program's root set. Objects and/or data which are not garbage are said to be \"live\". Casually stated, syntactic garbage is data that \"cannot\" be reached, while semantic garbage is data that \"will not\" be reached. More precisely, syntactic garbage is data that is unreachable due to the reference graph (there is no path to it), which can be determined by many algorithms, as discussed in tracing garbage collector and only requires analyzing the data, not the code. Semantic garbage is data that will not be accessed, either because it is unreachable (hence also syntactic garbage), or reachable but will not be accessed; this latter requires analysis of the code, and is in general an undecidable problem. Syntactic garbage is a (usually strict) subset of semantic garbage as it is entirely possible for an object to hold a reference to another object without the latter object being used. In the following simple stack implementation in Java, elements popped from the stack become semantic garbage once there are no outside references to them: This is because there is still a reference to the object from codice_1, but the object will never be accessed again through this reference, since codice_1 is private to the class and the codice_3 method only returns references to elements it has not already popped (once codice_4 is decremented, that element will never be accessed again by this class). However, this requires analysis of the code of the class, which is undecidable in general. If a later codice_5 call re-grows the stack to the previous size, overwriting this last reference, then the object will become syntactic garbage, since it is unreachable, and will be eligible for garbage collection. An example of the automatic collection of syntactic garbage, by reference counting garbage collection, can be produced using the Python command-line interpreter: In this session, an object is created, its location in the memory is displayed, and the only reference to the object is then destroyed—there is no way to ever use the object again from this point on, as there are no references to it. This becomes apparent when we try to access the original reference: As it is impossible to refer to the object, it has become useless: the object is garbage. Since Python uses garbage collection, it automatically deallocates the memory that was used for the object so that it may be used again: Note that the Bar instance now resides at the memory location 0x54f30; at the same place as where our previous object, the Foo instance, was located. Since the Foo instance was destroyed, freeing up the memory used to contain it, the interpreter creates the Bar object at the same memory location as before, making good use of the available resources. Garbage consumes heap memory, and thus one wishes to collect it (to minimize memory use, and allow faster memory allocation and prevent out-of-memory errors by reducing heap fragmentation and memory use). However, collecting garbage takes time, and if done manually, requires coding overhead. Further, collecting garbage destroys objects and thus can cause calls to finalizers, executing potentially arbitrary code at an arbitrary point in the program's execution. Incorrect garbage collection (deallocating memory that is not garbage), primarily due to errors in manual garbage collection (rather than errors in garbage collectors), results in memory safety violations (often security holes) due to use of dangling pointers. Syntactic garbage can be collected automatically, and garbage collectors have been extensively studied and developed. Semantic garbage cannot be automatically collected in general, and thus cause memory leaks even in garbage-collected languages. Detecting and eliminating semantic garbage is typically done using a specialized debugging tool called a heap profiler, which allows one to see what objects are live and how they are reachable, enabling one to remove the unintended reference. The problem of managing the deallocation of garbage is a well-known one in computer science. Several approaches are taken: Garbage (computer science) In computer science, garbage includes objects, data, or other regions of the memory of a computer system (or other system resources), which will not be used in any" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Metuisela Talebula Metuisela Talebula (born 20 May 1991) is a Fijian rugby union footballer. He plays fullback, fly-half and wing for Bordeaux Bègles and Fiji. Talebula was selected to play for the Fiji Juniors to the 2011 IRB Junior World Championship in Italy. He scored three tries in the tournament and also helped Fiji finish in their best position at sixth. He joined the Fiji Sevens team and helped the Fiji team lift the 2011 Gold Coast Sevens cup title. During the 2011–12 IRB Sevens World Series, he also helped Fiji lift two more titles by winning the 2012 Hong Kong Sevens where he was the top point scorer collecting 52 points and 2012 London Sevens. In the 2012 Scotland Sevens he was also awarded the top scorer scoring 88 points including joint top-try scorer with eight tries. Altogether, Talebula scored 271 points in that season which includes 25 tries. He joined the Fiji senior team right after the final leg of the Sevens series. He was included in the Fiji team for the 2012 IRB Pacific Nations Cup. Talebula made his debut for Fiji against Scotland at Churchill Park in Lautoka on 16 June 2012. He came off the bench in the 60th minute as a full-back replacement for Waisea Nayacalevu and after a brilliant counter by winger, Isimeli Koniferedi, he scored an individual try. He played his next test on the same ground starting at fullback. He scored two tries and kicked a conversion in their win against Tonga. He was selected in the Fiji 15's team to the 2012 end-of-year rugby union tests with tests against Gloucester, Ireland, England and Georgia. In summer 2013, Talebula led the Fiji Sevens team to a third place during the Sevens World Cup 2013 being the top try scorer of the tournament with 7 tries and finishing second on the point scorer list with 43 points. At the end of 2013, Talebula was selected for the Autumn internationals including games against Portugal, Romania, Italy and the Barbarians. Unfortunately, he missed both the first game against Portugal (due to an injury) and the one against the Barbarians (game with Bordeaux). However, he scored a try in each of the other two games starting at fullback. In 2014, Talebula has been included in the Fijian squad playing Italy (2014 mid-year rugby union tests), the Pacific Nations Cup and the World Cup Qualifier against the Cook Islands. In June 2012 Talebula signed a contract with French Top 14 side Bordeaux Bègles. In his first season, he has played 22 games for them scoring 43 points including eight tries. During the Top 14 season (2013–14) Talebula managed to top the try scoring list with some great indidividual efforts leaving some of the worlds best wingers behind. His 15 tries in 23 appearances brought UBB close to the playoffs although it wasn't enough in the end. In autumn 2013 he extended his contract with UBB until 2015 against some expectations that he would join one of the European top clubs at the end of the season. Metuisela Talebula Metuisela Talebula (born 20 May 1991) is a Fijian rugby union footballer. He plays fullback, fly-half and wing for Bordeaux Bègles and Fiji. Talebula was selected to play for the Fiji Juniors to the 2011 IRB Junior World Championship in Italy. He scored three tries in the tournament and also helped Fiji finish in their best position at sixth. He joined the Fiji Sevens team and helped the Fiji team lift the 2011 Gold Coast Sevens cup title. During the 2011–12 IRB Sevens World Series, he also helped" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Overlay (poker) In poker, an overlay is the gap between a poker tournament's guaranteed prize pool and the actual prize pool generated by entrants. For example, if a tournament has a guaranteed prize pool of $10,000, a buy in of $100 and 90 players enter, the players will contribute only $9,000 to the prizepool. The rest of the prizepool (in this example $1,000)—made up by the tournament host—would be the overlay for the tournament. Overlays are far more common in online poker than in live poker simply due to the volume of tournaments online and the fierce competition for players online. Overlay (poker) In poker, an overlay is the gap between a poker tournament's guaranteed prize pool and the actual prize pool generated by entrants. For example, if a tournament has a guaranteed prize pool of $10,000, a buy in of $100 and 90 players enter, the players will contribute only $9,000 to the prizepool. The rest of the prizepool (in this example $1,000)—made up by the tournament host—would be the overlay for the tournament. Overlays are far more common in online poker than in live poker simply due to the volume of tournaments online and the fierce competition for" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Balachka Balachka (; ) are the dialects of Ukrainian spoken by the Cossacks of North Caucasus, especially in the region around the Kuban River. The term originated from the Ukrainian term \"balakaty'\", which colloquially means \"to talk\", \"to chat\". Some linguists characterize Balachka vernacular as a dialect or group of dialects. Balachka does not appear as a separate language on any language codes. Nevertheless, some Cossacks consider it to be a separate language and at least one academic case has been made in this regard. The most significant instance of the Cossack dialect is the Kuban-Black Sea Balachka. Originally starting as a central Ukrainian dialect used by the Black Sea Cossacks who moved to the Kuban in 1792. Over the years the language began to acquire more Russian vocabulary, coinciding with the rising literacy rates in the late 19th century. The Kuban Cossack Chorus artistic director Viktor Zakharchenko points to the local folk songs dating to early and mid-19th century., where those that originated in the Kuban would have their own unique literary flavour and differ from those in standard Russian and Ukrainian. During the 1897 Russian census the dialect was classified as Little Russian language rather than Great Russian. It is not known how widespread the use of \"Balachka\" is. Education and strict requirements of the Russian Academy of Sciences mean that local press such as TV and radio adhere to standard Russian, with a notable exception for historical films (particularly those involving Cossacks) and Folk music groups and ensembles, such as the Kuban Cossack Chorus. As a result, there has been a gradual erosion in the use of authentic dialects and accents, with unique terms being slowly replaced by standard Russian ones. This is particularly noticeable in the younger generations. At the same time, beginning in the early 1990s, the re-awakening of the Cossacks movement was often done with rekindling of old traditions. It is thus not surprising that many Cossacks use Balachka (or some of its elements) in their speech to punctuate their Cossack heritage and/or affiliation. Political aspects have played a direct role in the classification of the Kuban Balachka. Although this Balachka was initially officially classified as a dialect of the Little Russian language (the official term in pre-revolutionary Russia for the Ukrainian language), and some Ukrainian sources actively support the idea of Balachka being a dialect of the Ukrainian language, this is being contested by some Russian linguistic research, and some of the Kuban Cossacks themselves, who point out that already by the 1860s there was a separate dialect that morphed out of Ukrainian and Russian. Balachka Balachka (; ) are the dialects of Ukrainian spoken by the Cossacks of North Caucasus, especially in the region around the Kuban River. The term originated from the Ukrainian term \"balakaty'\", which colloquially means \"to talk\", \"to chat\". Some linguists characterize Balachka vernacular as a dialect or group of dialects. Balachka does not appear as a separate language on any language codes. Nevertheless, some Cossacks consider it" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "HAT-trie The HAT-Trie is a type of radix trie that uses array nodes to collect individual key–value pairs under radix nodes and hash buckets into an associative array. Unlike a simple hash table, HAT-tries store key–value in an ordered collection. The original inventors are Nikolas Askitis and Ranjan Sinha. Dr. Askitis shows that building and accessing the HAT-trie key/value collection is considerably faster than other sorted access methods and is comparable to the Array Hash which is an unsorted collection. This is due to the cache-friendly nature of the data structure which attempts to group access to data in time and space into the 64 byte cache line size of the modern CPU. A new HAT-Trie starts out as a NULL pointer representing an empty node. The first added key allocates the smallest array node and copies into it the key/value pair, which becomes the first root of the trie. Each subsequent key/value pair is added to the initial array node until a maximum size is reached after which the node is burst by re-distributing its keys into a hash bucket with new underlying array nodes, one for each occupied hash slot in the bucket. The hash bucket becomes the new root of the trie. The key strings are stored in the array nodes with a length encoding byte prefixed to the key value bytes. The value associated with each key can be stored either in-line alternating with the key strings, or placed in a second array, e.g., memory immediately after and joined to the array node. Once the trie has grown into its first hash bucket node, the hash bucket distributes new keys according to a hash function of the key value into array nodes contained underneath the bucket node. Keys continue to be added until a maximum number of keys for a particular hash bucket node is reached. The bucket contents are then re-distributed into a new radix node according to the stored key value's first character, which replaces the hash bucket node as the trie root (e.g. see Burstsort). The existing keys and values contained in the hash bucket are each shortened by one character and placed under the new radix node in a set of new array nodes. Sorted access to the collection is provided by enumerating keys into a cursor by branching down the radix trie to assemble the leading characters, ending at either a hash bucket or an array node. Pointers to the keys contained in the hash bucket or array node are assembled into an array that is part of the cursor for sorting. Since there is a maximum number of keys in a hash bucket or array node, there is a pre-set fixed limit to the size of the cursor at all points in time. After the keys for the hash bucket or array node are exhausted by get-next (or get-previous) (see Iterator) the cursor is moved into the next radix node entry and the process repeats. HAT-trie The HAT-Trie is a" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Kalana Greene Kalana Lanette Greene (born July 13, 1987), is an American professional women's basketball guard, who currently plays for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), and CCC Polkowice in Poland. She played her college career at the University of Connecticut, where the Huskies were the 2009 and 2010 NCAA national Champions. Greene grew up in St. Stephen, South Carolina, as the daughter of Addison and Cynthia Greene. Greene played basketball for Timberland High School in St. Stephen, South Carolina. She helped her team win twenty or more games for three consecutive seasons, and in her senior year, she led the team to its first ever state championship. She averaged 17 points per game as a freshman; by the time she was a senior, she averaged 28 points, 18 rebounds, nine steals and eight assists per game. Greene was named a WBCA All-American. She participated in the 2005 WBCA High School All-America Game, where she scored four points. Greene's choices came down to Georgia and Connecticut. She liked the Georgia program, but the UConn program, with both a family atmosphere and an expectation you have to work hard for everything you get swayed her to choose to come to join the University of Connecticut Huskies. Greene suffered a major knee injury in a game on December 17, 2007 against South Carolina, an injury that would end her season. It turned out to be a damaged ACL and torn LCL. UConn rarely played South Carolina, but set up a two-game series, with a game in 2007 against South Carolina in Connecticut, with a return trip to South Carolina in 2008, scheduled so that Greene could play in her home state as a senior. Her coach, Geno Auriemma, worried it might be a career-ending injury. She worked hard to rehabilitate her knee, including staying on campus over the summer to work out in the gym every day. She played the following season, for a team that won the national championship, although not at the same level as before her injury. During the year, she had to make a decision whether to leave as an academic senior, or return for a fifth year. Players who are injured during a year can get an additional year of eligibility, if they haven't played too many games in the season. Greene's injury occurred in the eighth game of her junior season, so she was eligible to return if she chose. She considered her options,and chose to return for a fifth year. On March 9, 2010, Greene played in her 151st game as a UConn Husky, more than any other player in UConn Women's basketball history, breaking the mark held by Renee Montgomery. Greene played in 157 games in her complete college career, an NCAA record. Greene helped lead UConn to the Championship of the Big East Tournament, and earned Most Outstanding Player of the tournament for her performance. Greene was the 13th overall selection in the 2010 WNBA Draft, selected by the New York Liberty. After playing one season for the Liberty, she was traded to the Connecticut Sun for the draft rights of Sydney Colson, the Texas A&M selected by the Sun in the second round of the 2011 WNBA draft. Greene plays for CCC Polkowice in Poland – silver medalist of the PLKK 2010/2011 season. Kalana Greene Kalana Lanette Greene (born July 13, 1987), is an American professional women's basketball guard, who currently plays for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), and CCC Polkowice in Poland. She played her college career at the University of Connecticut," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "The Last Harvest: Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore The Last Harvest was an exhibition of Rabindranath Tagore's paintings to mark the 150th anniversary of Tagore's birth. It was commissioned by the Ministry of Culture, India and organised with the National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA). It consisted of 208 paintings drawn from the collections of Visva Bharati and the NGMA. The exhibition was curated by art historian R. Siva Kumar. Asia Art Archive later classified the exhibition as a \"world event\". Within the 150th birth anniversary year it was conceived as three separate but similar exhibitions, and travelled simultaneously in three circuits. The first selection was shown at Museum of Asian Art, Berlin, Asia Society, New York, National Museum of Korea, Seoul, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Petit Palais, Paris, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome, National Visual Arts Gallery (Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, McMichael Canadian Art Collection, Ontario, National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi, National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai. An illustrated catalogue, titled \"\", with essays by international Tagore experts was published to accompany the exhibition. The book covered Tagore's art and other aspects of his work and life. Surrounded by several painters Rabindranath had always wanted to paint. Writing and music, playwriting and acting came to him naturally and almost without training, as it did to several others in his family, and in even greater measure. But painting eluded him. Yet he tried repeatedly to master the art and there are several references to this in his early letters and reminiscence. In 1900 for instance, when he was nearing forty and already a celebrated writer, he wrote to Jagadishchandra Bose, \"You will be surprised to hear that I am sitting with a sketchbook drawing. Needless to say, the pictures are not intended for any salon in Paris, they cause me not the least suspicion that the national gallery of any country will suddenly decide to raise taxes to acquire them. But, just as a mother lavishes most affection on her ugliest son, so I feel secretly drawn to the very skill that comes to me least easily.\" He also realized that he was using the eraser more than the pencil, and dissatisfied with the results he finally withdrew, deciding it was not for him to become a painter. Although he gave up the hope of becoming an artist around 1900, Rabindranath continued to doodle in his manuscripts. He turned struck-out words into ornamental motifs and sometimes linked the scratched out words on the pages of his manuscripts into an art-nouveau-like arabesque. This continued without much change until the end of 1923. Then almost all of a sudden on the pages of the notebook he used during his tour of 1924 his doodles proliferated and assumed more representational and expressive intent. Victoria Ocampo who spotted these during his stay in Argentina as her guest was impressed and found artistic merit in them. \"He played with erasures,\" she wrote, \"following them from verse to verse with his pen, making lines that suddenly jumped into life out of this play: prehistoric monsters, birds, faces appeared.\" These doodles in the Purabi manuscript that excited Ocampo in 1924 mark the beginnings of Rabindranath\"s artistic career. Rabindrnath himself recognised such doodles as the beginnings of his art and wrote: \"The only training I had from my young days was the training in rhythm in thought, the rhythm in sound. I had come to know that rhythm gives reality to that which is desultory, which is insignificant in itself. And therefore, when the scratches in my manuscript cried, like sinners, for salvation, and assailed my eyes with the ugliness of their irrelevance, I often took more time in rescuing them into a merciful finality of rhythm than in carrying on what was my obvious task.\" He also called this his \"unconscious training in drawing.\" And described the imagery that emerged as follows: \"... when the vagaries of the ostracized mistakes had their conversion into rhythmic inter-relationship, giving birth to unique forms and characters. Some assumed the temperate exaggeration of a probable animal that had unaccountably missed its chance of existence… Some lines showed anger, some placid benevolence, through some lines ran an essential laughter. ... These lines often expressed passions that were abstract, evolved characters that hung upon subtle suggestions.\" After four years of involved doodling, Rabindranath began to do independent paintings in 1928. And six years after she first noticed the expressive strength of his doodles in 1930 Ocampo helped him organize the first exhibition of his paintings in Paris. This was followed by a string of exhibitions across Europe, in Russia, England and America. He was the first Indian artist to be exhibited widely in the West. He felt that different as his works were from the art of his Indian contemporaries they stood a better chance to be appreciated in the West. And many of his first viewers in the West, and these included seasoned artists and connoisseurs, were appreciative. However, they were fleeting encounters and they saw his work as an extension of Western art and not in relation to the totality of his oeuvre or in relation to India. His familiarity with the \"primitive\" and modern traditions of art played a role in his emergence as a painter. But it is only in the context of post-forties Indian art that Rabindranath's paintings find their true place in the history of modernism and it is in this context they need to be looked at. Though Rabindranath began to paint only in 1928 when he was sixty-seven he painted well over two thousand paintings. It was as Abanindranath Tagore said a \"volcanic eruption\" that continued unabated for the last thirteen years of his life. Coming at the end of a hugely creative life spreading across six decades and involving work in several mediums and genres the question of how his paintings relate to the rest of his oeuvre rises. Is there a unifying theme or universal \"truth\" running through all his creations? It would be difficult to give a categorical and simple answer but the following words of Rabindranath from My Pictures, a statement he made in 1930 in connection with his paintings might contain a lead. \"But one thing which is common to all arts is the principle of rhythm which transforms inert materials into living creations. My instinct for it and my training in its use led me to know that lines and colours in art are no carriers of information; they seek their rhythmic incarnation in pictures. Their ultimate purpose is not to illustrate or to copy some outer fact or inner vision, but to evolve a harmonious wholeness which finds its passage through our eyesight into imagination. It neither questions our mind for meaning nor burdens it with unmeaningness, for it is, above all, meaning.\" \"The Last Harvest\" is an international exhibition commissioned and fully supported by the Government of India as part of Rabindranath's 150th birth anniversary celebrations. It brings together a representative selection of his works culled from the collections of Rabindra Bhavana and Kala Bhavana at Santiniketan, and the National Gallery of Modern Art. Rabindranath's life, his works and the history of his institutions mark a progress from nationalism to universal humanism. His paintings belong to the period of universal humanism and linked as they may be to personal experiences they have a universal appeal. In consonance with it Rabindranath did not title his drawings and paintings. He also did not date most of them. Thus they come to us as an open-ended oeuvre, encouraging us to respond to them with our sensibilities and find linkages between them. In other words, he encourages the viewers to embark on a curatorial process. This exhibition is one such effort. In this exhibition the works are grouped into what may be considered four important facets", "Bhavana and Kala Bhavana at Santiniketan, and the National Gallery of Modern Art. Rabindranath's life, his works and the history of his institutions mark a progress from nationalism to universal humanism. His paintings belong to the period of universal humanism and linked as they may be to personal experiences they have a universal appeal. In consonance with it Rabindranath did not title his drawings and paintings. He also did not date most of them. Thus they come to us as an open-ended oeuvre, encouraging us to respond to them with our sensibilities and find linkages between them. In other words, he encourages the viewers to embark on a curatorial process. This exhibition is one such effort. In this exhibition the works are grouped into what may be considered four important facets of his oeuvre. His earliest paintings grew out of the doodles he did in his manuscripts while attempting to turn crossed out words and discarded lines into visually exciting motifs. These have an element of playful inventiveness and involve morphological cross-projections that defy perceptual experience. If the subliminal played an important part in his first paintings, painting itself led him to pay attention to the pageant of forms in nature. The landscapes included in these selections are a token of this shift. As he progressed he also began to see the human body not merely as form but as gestures carrying within them the seeds of visual narration and theatre – ambivalent as they may remain without the benefit of names. A third group of paintings bring this into focus. And finally there are his representations of the human face; hovering between hieratic masks and individualised portraits, they turn countenance into characters. The four groups may be highlighted thus: Group 1 This group contains some of his earliest paintings, they are either geometrical or arabesque and have an element of playful inventiveness involving morphological cross-projections that defy reality. Group 2 Nature was an enduring theme in Rabindranath's writings and songs, he felt a deep companionship with nature since his childhood. A more meditative and observant come through in his landscapes and flower pieces. Group 3 As a playwright and actor Rabindranath was sensitive to gesture and its dramatic and narrative potential; the paintings in this group bring this into focus. Group 4 This group consists of his representations of the human face into which he reads traces of social and personal life. They are products of observation and psychological probing. Finally a word about the title. For Rabindranath who welcomed contact with other cultures to foster creativity, and for whom the touchstone of authenticity was not the lineage of one\"s language but one\"s ability to make it one\"s own, the value of art lay not in its source or style but in being an imperative of life. And painting was the last enchantment of his life, his last personal imperative. \"I am hopelessly entangled in the spell that the lines have cast all around me…. If I were a free agent ... unburdened by any care,\" he wrote to close friend in 1928 just when he was embarking on his career as a painter, \"I would live by the Padma and gather a harvest of pictures and nothing but pictures to load the Golden Boat of Time with.\" He was burdened with too many commitments to allow himself that privilege but the harvest has been good (well over two thousand paintings in thirteen years) and this exhibition carries a small part of it eighty years after he himself had ferried it across the world for the first time. \"The Last Harvest\" received highly appreciable reviews across the globe. The British newspaper \"Daily Telegraph\" reported,\"Tagore is such a fascinating figure that for the fans of his work the art will illuminate his poems and fictions; and for those coming cold, this (\"The Last Harvest\") serves as a delightful introduction.\" \"The Independent\" rated the exhibition as one of the five best shows to have opened in London in 2011. Mumbai Boss declared it the best museum exhibition saying, \"At this gathering of about 100 works, one of the largest since his death, fluidly curated by historian R. Siva Kumar, the viewer was given a peek into a less assured Tagore, as a 60-something artist, who used his innate sense of linguistic artistry to permeate his at-times fantastical works. There were animals invented, idyllic landscapes, portraits and drawings that showed him to have an astonishing grasp of what it meant to endow a visual expression with the same raw beauty as its written equivalent.\" Daily News and Analysis reported, \"Tagore's imagination created paintings that underline his sheer genius. Yet, they were untitled, left to viewers to interpret.\" According to \"The Times of India\", \"The Last Harvest\" was \"A rare display of artworks by Tagore\". \"Like a skipping stone, Tagore’s style glanced off a variety of inspirations – wood-cuts, surrealist imagery, North American folk art – and yet was sharply distinctive. \"The Last Harvest\", curated by Professor Raman Siva Kumar of Visva-Bharati University, presents one of the most elaborate exhibitions of Tagore’s paintings that we’ve seen.\" reported Firstpost. The Last Harvest: Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore The Last Harvest was an exhibition of Rabindranath Tagore's paintings to mark the 150th anniversary of Tagore's birth. It was commissioned by the Ministry of Culture, India and organised with the National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA). It consisted of 208 paintings drawn from the collections of Visva Bharati and the NGMA. The exhibition was curated by" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "St. Charles College (Sudbury) St. Charles College is a high school located at 1940 Hawthorne Drive in Greater Sudbury, Ontario. The school motto is \"\"Goodness Discipline and Knowledge\"\" and is based on the Basilian motto, \"Bonitatem et disciplinam et scientiam doce me\", which comes from Psalm 119 of the Bible `- \"Teach me good judgement and knowledge: for I believe your commandments\". The school was established in 1951 by the city's Catholic school board, in conjunction with the Basilian Fathers, as a boys-only school. (Girls attended Marymount College.) The school's original campus was located on Pine Street in the city's west end. In the early 1980s, enrolment so exceeded the school's capacity that a second campus, located in the former St. Hubert School on Travers Street in the West-End neighbourhood, was launched for Grade 9 students. The school also used the site of the former Collège Sacré-Coeur on Notre-Dame Avenue. In 1986, the Catholic and public school boards traded redundant buildings and St. Charles College moved to a new campus in Garson, the site of the former Garson-Falconbridge Secondary School. In 1993, the boards traded buildings again, and the school moved to its present campus. At that time, the school also became co-educational, admitting female students for the first time. Renovations took place during 2014 and are now completed as of September 2015. Renovations included the new main office extension, cafeteria, and grade 7/8 classrooms/hallway. The school is known for its dominant sports teams such as Cards hockey, soccer, football, golf, and many more. The school is also known for its superior arts department. The arts department puts on three high quality performances for the public every year. Starting with its annual Christmas concert, musical production in May, and its spring concert. The school mascot is a cardinal and is a reference to the cardinals of the Vatican. In 2015, a Catholic priest complained about the prominence of the Cardinal logo on the building and the school board quietly decided to remove the sign from its prominent position. This has yet to be done, as there is little support in the community for such a move and the sign is symbol of pride among students and staff. St. Charles College (Sudbury) St. Charles College is a high school located at 1940 Hawthorne Drive in Greater Sudbury, Ontario. The school motto is \"\"Goodness Discipline and Knowledge\"\" and is based on the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "2019 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 2019 Major League Baseball All-Star Game will be the 90th Major League Baseball All-Star Game. The game will be hosted by the Cleveland Indians and will be played at Progressive Field on July 9, 2019. The decision to name Cleveland the host city was announced on January 27, 2017 by Major League Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred. It will be the sixth All-Star Game in Cleveland, and the first since 1997; this will establish the Indians as the team to have hosted the most All-Star Games, breaking a four-way tie with the Pittsburgh Pirates, St. Louis Cardinals, and Cincinnati Reds, who have each hosted the game five times. It is also the first time since 2014 that an American League team has hosted the event. This All-Star Game will also coincide with the 25th anniversary of Progressive Field and make it the second All-Star Game hosted by that ballpark.. Alex Cora of the defending World Series champion Boston Red Sox will manage the American League, and Dave Roberts of the Los Angeles Dodgers will manage the National League for the second consecutive year. Bidding for the 2019 All-Star Game began roughly five years before in 2014, according to Indians owner Paul Dolan. The selection of Cleveland to host the 2019 All-Star Game was heavily influenced by two major factors. The first involves recent improvement and growth throughout downtown Cleveland. The second factor is the recent success enjoyed by the Indians which culminated in an appearance in the 2016 World Series. Though the Indians fell to the Chicago Cubs in seven games that year, Commissioner Manfred spoke highly of the city and its response to the World Series, stating that, \"Cleveland's a baseball town and it will be a great host for the Midsummer Classic.\" Recent renovations and improvements in Progressive Field also influenced the decision to name the ballpark as the All-Star Game host for the second time. Estimates place the economic benefit Cleveland will see as the event's host city in the range of $60-65 million. The Indians and Major League Baseball unveiled the logo for the 2019 All-Star Game on August 7, 2018. 2019 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 2019 Major League Baseball All-Star Game will be the 90th Major League Baseball All-Star Game. The game will be hosted by the Cleveland Indians and will be played at Progressive Field on" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Gas carrier A gas carrier (or gas tanker) is a ship designed to transport LPG, LNG or liquefied chemical gases in bulk. The seaborne transport of liquefied gases began in 1934 when a major international company put two combined oil/LPG tankers into operation. The ships, basically oil tankers, had been converted by fitting small, riveted, pressure vessels for the carriage of LPG into cargo tank spaces. This enabled transport over long distances of substantial volumes of an oil refinery by-product that had distinct advantages as a domestic and commercial fuel. LPG is not only odourless and non-toxic, it also has a high calorific value and a low sulphur content, making it very clean and efficient when being burnt. Today, most fully pressurised oceangoing LPG carriers are fitted with two or three horizontal, cylindrical or spherical cargo tanks and have typical capacities between 20,000 TO 1,00,000 Tonnes and Length overall ranging from 220 m to 260 m. However, in recent years a number of larger-capacity fully pressurised ships have been built, most notably a series of ships, built in Japan between 2003 and 2013. Fully pressurised ships are still being built in numbers and represent a cost-effective, simple way of moving LPG to and from smaller gas terminals. Compressed natural gas carrier Compressed natural gas carrier (CNG)ships are designed to transport natural gas under high pressure. CNG carriers are economical for medium distance marine transport. These ships carried gases in a semi-pressurized/semi-refrigerated state however due to further development semi-pressurised/fully refrigerated gas carriers had become the shipowners' choice by providing high flexibility in cargo handling. These carriers, incorporating tanks either cylindrical, spherical or bi-lobe in shape, are able to load or discharge gas cargoes at both refrigerated and pressurised storage facilities. Ethylene carriers are the most sophisticated of the gas tankers and have the ability to carry not only most other liquefied gas cargoes but also ethylene at its atmospheric boiling point of . These ships feature cylindrical, insulated, stainless steel cargo tanks able to accommodate cargoes up to a maximum specific gravity of 1.8 at temperatures ranging from a minimum of −104 °C to a maximum of and at a maximum tank pressure of 4 bar. They are built to carry liquefied gases at low temperature and atmospheric pressure between terminals equipped with fully refrigerated storage tanks. However, discharge through a booster pump and cargo heater makes it possible to discharge to pressurized tanks too. The first purpose-built, lpg tanker was the m/t Rasmus Tholstrup from a Swedish shipyard to a Danish design. Prismatic tanks enabled the ship's cargo carrying capacity to be maximised, thus making fully refrigerated ships highly suitable for carrying large volumes of cargo such as LPG, ammonia and vinyl chloride over long distances. Today, fully refrigerated ships range in capacity from . LPG carriers in the size range are often referred to as VLGCs (Very Large Gas Carriers). Although LNG carriers are often larger in terms of cubic capacity, this term is normally only applied to fully refrigerated LPG carriers. The main type of cargo containment system utilised on board modern fully refrigerated ships are independent tanks with rigid foam insulation. The insulation used is quite commonly polyurethane foam. Older ships can have independent tanks with loosely filled perlite insulation. In the past, there have been a few fully refrigerated ships built with semi-membrane or integral tanks and internal insulation tanks, but these systems have only maintained minimal interest. The large majority of such ships currently in service have been constructed by shipbuilders in Japan and Korea. The majority of LNG carriers are between in capacity. In the modern fleet of LNG carriers, there is an interesting exception concerning ship size. This is the introduction of several smaller ships of between having been built in 1994 and later to service the needs of importers of smaller volumes. These vessels are designed to transport liquefied gas. Builders of Liquefied Gas Carriers are: The Gas Codes, developed by International Maritime Organization apply to all gas carriers regardless of size. There are three Gas Codes and these are described below. Gas carriers built after June 1986 (the IGC Code) The Code which applies to new gas carriers (built after 30 June 1986) is the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk. In brief, this Code is known as the IGC Code. The IGC Code, under amendments to International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), is mandatory for all new ships. As proof that a ship complies with the Code, an International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk should be on board. In 1993, the IGC Code was amended and the new rules came into effect on 1 July 1994. Ships on which construction started on or after 1 October 1994 should apply the amended version of the Code but ships built earlier may comply with previous editions of the IGC Code. Gas carriers built between 1976 and 1986 (the GC Code) The regulations covering gas carriers built after 1976 but before July 1986 are included in the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk. It is known as the Gas Carrier Code or GC Code in short. Since 1975, International Maritime Organization (IMO) has approved four sets of amendments to the GC Code. The latest was adopted in June 1993. All amendments are not necessarily agreed by every government. Although this Code is not mandatory, many countries have implemented it into national law. Accordingly, most charterers will expect such ships to meet with Code standards and, as proof of this, to have on board a Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk. Gas carriers built before 1977 (the Existing Ship Code) The regulations covering gas carriers built before 1977 are contained in the Code for Existing Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk. Its content is similar to the GC Code, though less extensive. The Existing Ship Code was completed in 1976 after the GC Code had been written. It therefore summarises current shipbuilding practice at that time. It remains as an IMO recommendation for all gas carriers in this older fleet of ships. The Code is not mandatory but is applied by some countries for ship registration and in other countries as a necessary fulfilment prior to port entry. Accordingly, many ships of this age are required by charterers to meet with Code standards and to have on board a Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk. A cargo containment system is the total arrangement for containing cargo including, where fitted: For cargoes carried at temperatures between the ship's hull may act as the secondary barrier and in such cases it may be a boundary of the hold space. The basic cargo tank types utilised on board gas carriers are in accordance with the list below:— Independent Type Type A Independent Tanks are prismatic and supported on insulation-bearing blocks typically consisting of wooden chocks and located by anti-roll chocks located at the top of the tank inside the void space and anti-flotation chocks located inside the void space usually just above the double bottom tanks. The tanks are normally divided by a centreline liquid-tight bulkhead; by this feature, together with the chamfered upper part of the tank, the free liquid surface effect is reduced and thus the virtual rise of the Centre of gravity and the stability is increased. When these cargo tanks are designed to carry LPG (at −50 °C), the tank is constructed of fine-grained low-carbon manganese steel or even stainless steel as seen in the Maersk J class Ships. The hold space (void space) in this design is normally filled with dry inert gas or Nitrogen", "on insulation-bearing blocks typically consisting of wooden chocks and located by anti-roll chocks located at the top of the tank inside the void space and anti-flotation chocks located inside the void space usually just above the double bottom tanks. The tanks are normally divided by a centreline liquid-tight bulkhead; by this feature, together with the chamfered upper part of the tank, the free liquid surface effect is reduced and thus the virtual rise of the Centre of gravity and the stability is increased. When these cargo tanks are designed to carry LPG (at −50 °C), the tank is constructed of fine-grained low-carbon manganese steel or even stainless steel as seen in the Maersk J class Ships. The hold space (void space) in this design is normally filled with dry inert gas or Nitrogen but may be ventilated with air during a ballast or gas free passage. The Conch design has been developed for carriage of LNG (at-163oC). The material for these cargo tanks has to be either 9% nickel steel or aluminium. The maximum allowable relief vapour setting (MARVS) is < 0. 7 bar. Type B Independent Tanks are generally spherical and welded to a vertical cylindrical skirt, which is the lone connection to the ship's main hull. The hold space (void space) in this design is normally filled with dry inert gas or Nitrogen but may be ventilated with air during a ballast or gas free passage. A protective steel dome covers the primary barrier above deck level, and insulation encloses the outside of the primary barrier surface. This containment system has been used for carriage of LNG. The material of construction is either 9% nickel steel or aluminium. The maximum Allowable relief vapour setting (MARVS) is < 0. 7 bar. Type C Independent Tanks are deck pressure vessels or cylindrical pressure tanks mounted horizontally on two or more cradle-shaped foundations. The tanks may be fitted on, below or partly below deck and be both longitudinally and transversely located. Lobe-type tanks are commonly used at the forward end of the ship, to improve the poor utilization of the hull volume. This containment system is used for LPG, Ethylene and small scale LNG carriers. The material, if used for the construction of tanks designed to carry ethylene, is 5% nickel steel. The maximum Allowable relief vapour setting (MARVS) is > 0. 7 bar. and Some other types such as: have been fully designed and approved but have not been commercially used yet. Vinyl chloride commonly carried on gas carriers is a known as a human carcinogen, particularly liver cancer. It is not only dangerous when inhaled but can also be absorbed by the skin. Skin irritation and watering of the eyes indicate dangerous levels of VCM may be present in the atmosphere. Caution must be exerted while dealing with such cargoes, precautions such as use of Chemical suits Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA's) and gas tight goggles must be worn at all times to prevent exposure. Chlorine and ammonia are other toxic cargoes carried. Almost all cargo vapours are flammable. When ignition occurs, it is not the liquid which burns but the evolved vapour that burns. Flameless explosions which result out of cold cargo liquid coming into sudden contact with water do not release much energy. Pool fires which are the result of a leaked pool of cargo liquid catching fire and jet fires which are the result of the leak catching fire are grave hazards. Flash fires occur when there is a leak and does not ignite immediately but after the vapours travel some distance downwind and getting ignited and are extremely dangerous. Vapour cloud explosions and boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion are the most grave flammability hazards on gas carriers. The cargoes are carried at extremely low temperatures, from , and hence frostbite due to exposure of skin to the cold vapours or liquid is a very real hazard. Asphyxia occurs when the blood cannot take a sufficient supply of oxygen to the brain. A person affected may experience headache, dizziness and inability to concentrate, followed by loss of consciousness. In sufficient concentrations any vapour may cause asphyxiation, whether toxic or not. 1. Exposure to more than 2,000 ppm – fatal in 30 minutes, 6,000 ppm – fatal in minutes, 10,000 ppm – fatal and intolerable to unprotected skin. 2. Anhydrous ammonia is not dangerous when handled properly, but if not handled carefully it can be extremely dangerous. It is not as combustible as many other products that we use and handle every day. However, concentrations of gas burn and require precautions to avoid fires. 3. Mild exposure can cause irritation to eye, nose and lung tissues. Prolonged breathing can cause suffocation. When large amounts are inhaled, the throat swells shut and victims suffocate. Exposure to vapours or liquid also can cause blindness 4. The water-absorbing nature of anhydrous ammonia that causes the greatest injury (especially to the eyes, nose, throat or lungs), and which can cause permanent damage. It is a colourless gas at atmospheric pressure and normal temperature, but under pressure readily changes into a liquid. Anhydrous ammonia has a high affinity for water. Anhydrous ammonia is a hygroscopic compound, this means it will seek moisture source that may be the body of the operator, which is composed of 90 percent water. When a human body is exposed to anhydrous ammonia the chemical freeze burns its way into the skin, eyes or lungs. This attraction places the eyes, lungs, and skin at greatest risk because of their high moisture content. Caustic burns result when the anhydrous ammonia dissolves into body tissue. Most deaths from anhydrous ammonia are caused by severe damage to the throat and lungs from a direct blast to the face. An additional concern is the low boiling point of anhydrous ammonia. The chemical freezes on contact at room temperature. It will cause burns similar to, but more severe than, those caused by dry ice. If exposed to severe cold flesh will become frozen. At first, the skin will become red (but turn subsequently white); the affected area is painless, but hard to touch, if left untreated the flesh will die and may become gangrenous. 5. The human eye is a complex organ made up of about 80 percent water. Ammonia under pressure can cause extensive, almost immediate damage to the eye. The ammonia extracts the fluid and destroys eye cells and tissue in minutes. 6. Draining of ammonia into sea while pre-cooling of the hard-arm or during disconnection operations is not an eco-friendly operation. As a small quantity of ammonia as low as (LC50) is hazardous to Salmon as per ICSC, USA. Consumption of such fish could be dangerous to humans. Gas carrier A gas carrier (or gas tanker) is a ship designed to transport LPG, LNG or liquefied" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Los Borrachos del Tablón Los Borrachos del Tablón (Drunks of bleachers in English) is the \"barra brava\" of the Club Atlético River Plate. It is one of the scariest barra brava groups in Argentina. Under the leadership Luisito Pereyra and Edgar \"Diariero\" (\"Newspaper Man\") Butassi, the barra brava was involved in fights and controversies; however, the intensity of involvement in crime and fight did not compare to today. In 1996 after a River Plate game against Club Atlético Independiente a battle against the fans of Independiente (not the barra brava) would set the beginning of the end for Pereyra and Butassi's hold on the organization. The battle ended with the loss of Christian Rousoulis, an Independiente fan, who was stabbed by members of Los Borrachos. This caused a tense internal problems that split the firm into two leaving both bosses Luisito and El Diariero powerless. Later on, they would face charges related to the Rousoulis case. The two sections of the firm were now under the leadership of new faces. One of the groups, led by bosses \"El Zapatero\" and \"El Monito\" Saldivia, had their base in Constitución neighborhood and it was rumored that they were tied to the political Partido Justicialista. \"Los Patovicas,\" the other group of the firm, was led by two close friends who were on the third lines of the firm prior to 1997. These two were middle class men Adrian Rousseau and Alan Schlenker, who lived in the upper-class neighborhood of Belgrano. In 2002, before a River Plate-Newell's Old Boys game Los Patovicas confronted the Newell's barra brava right outside the stadium in order to show their power and intimidate the group led by El Zapatero and El Monito. As the section's numbers began to increase all the other factions of the firm had no choice but to join Schlenker and Rousseau's side. As president of the Club Jose Maria Aguilar was finishing his first year as head of River, Los Patovicas became the head of Los Borrachos as they cleaned up the section and sent messages to all those with 'bad intentions.' Nazareno one of the members was beaten up as an example because he was stealing from fans in the stadium. Later on the band of Fuerte Apache led by Martin Stambuli also joined \"Los Patovicas\". Fuerte Apache is one of the most dangerous neighborhoods in the Greater Buenos Aires. With significant support from board members and outstanding organization Los Borrachos became the most feared and well respected barra brava in Argentina. Other barras bravas admitted this fact and refused to confront Los Borrachos. Transportation, sales, services, stolen flags from other barras bravas, and weapons were evidence of the power of this barra brava. In 2003, La 12, which is Boca Juniors (River's eternal rival) barra brava, avoided a scheduled battle with Los Borrachos, a move that placed much more respect on River's side. In a 2002 summer Superclasico (vs Boca Juniors), Boca was up 4-0 in the first half. As Boca's barra brava and fans began making fun of River, Los Borrachos were able to break the hurdles dividing them from the Boca Juniors fans (La 12), injuring many of them. . The following year while driving up to Rosario to watch their side play Rosario Central, Los Borrachos confronted a bus of Newell's firm (one of the big rival firms) on Highway 9, in a battle that killed two Newell's fans. Up to this day, some members of Los Borrachos still face charges because of the deaths. One of the members, close to William Schlenker (brother of Alan), also faced charges because he beat up a university student who was wearing Rosario Central shorts in a restaurant in the Belgrano neighborhood. Apparently the university student was told by the defendant to take the shorts off in that neighborhood, and he responded \"C'mon I can't take off my shorts in front of everyone.\" Another encounter took place in the Copa Libertadores match up against Brazil's Corinthians. The firm beat up police outside the Stadium in Brazil. During the 2006 World Cup, the power of Los Borrachos was at a peak. They had great relationship with the players, were in a great financial position (earnings of $ 70,000 a month), and had the support of the board members. While other barras bravas, such as Boca's and Independiente's, had to stay in places like the Czech Republic and Poland because of expenses, Los Borrachos were able to stay in Munich and some say that the top leaders stayed in the house of Martin Demichelis. During the games they did not use their assigned seating, causing the FIFA to suspend them from any other games during the World Cup. The firm was able to hire Germany's top lawyers and eventually were able to overturn FIFA's decision. They came back from Germany with pockets full and many believe that arrogance was the start of the decline. When they came back from Germany, the firm went to Paraguay to see the Libertad vs River Plate match, for the Copa Libertadores de America. River down 3-1 in the second half, Los Borrachos began fighting the police. During the fight Los Borrachos were wearing the River Plate Jersey they usually and it was recorded on tape. Paraguay's justice pressed charges against the firm's top bosses. Due to all the power, Adrian Rousseau and Alan Schlenker started having their differences, to the point where the firm split. After the falling out between the two leaders, there have been serious fights between groups loyal to the different leaders. The most serious one occurred on February 11, 2007, in what has been dubbed \"The Battle of the Mud Huts,\" since it happened on that recreational section of the Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti, which caused Argentine courts to suspend the stadium for three games. On May 6, 2007, the two groups fought again, this time just outside the stadium after a game, with two people suffering serious knife-wounds, and many others lesser injuries. Later on, they fought again but this time in the parking lot of a Wal-Mart. The night of August 7, Gonzalo Acro (Rosseau's right-hand man) was shot three times as he was coming home from the gym. Acro died a day later. Immediately after his death, relatives and Rosseau came out to the media, claiming Acro was not involved in the power struggle. Media and even members close to Rosseau came out saying that Acro was in fact Rosseau's right-hand man all along and, to prove his lack of innocence in the issue, pointed to him as the one that stabbed the wheels of the players' vehicles two years earlier, in a game that River lost 3-1 to Racing Club. Schlenker's side was immediately blamed and accused of the murder; however, they denied everything. Schlenker was on the run immediately after the incident as apparently he was hiding in Cordoba. Most of the members of the firm are currently under custody, however none of them was found guilty yet. In 2009, \"El Colo\" Luna, who was hiding in Barcelona and Italy, admitted to the murder through a video saying it was an accidental shot that left the gun. He was later found by Italian police and arrested. However, investigators doubt that he was the murderer, and everything points to either William or Alan Schlenker as the murderers. Los Borrachos del Tablón Los Borrachos del Tablón (Drunks of bleachers in English) is the \"barra brava\" of the Club Atlético River Plate. It is one of the scariest barra brava groups in Argentina. Under the leadership Luisito Pereyra and Edgar \"Diariero\" (\"Newspaper Man\") Butassi, the barra brava was involved in fights and controversies; however, the intensity of involvement in crime and fight did not compare to today. In 1996 after a" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Paulina Lebl-Albala Paulina Lebl-Albala (August 9, 1891 – October 8, 1967) was a Serbian feminist, translator, literary critic, literature theoretician, and professor of literature in Belgrade. A co-founder of the Yugoslav Association of University-Educated Women (1927), she also served as the organization's president. Paulina Lebl was born in Belgrade, Serbia She was the youngest child in the family of Simon Lébl, an engineer in the French company which raised the railway in Serbia. Her mother was Natalie and there were three sisters, Hermina, Jelena, and Ruža. She grew up in the city's Ashkenazi community. She finished elementary and middle school in Niš, with third and fourth year at the Girls' College (1904–06). Between 1906-09, she attended and graduated from the First Women's Gymnasium, studying under Jovan Skerlić, Pavle Popović (1868–1939), and Bogdan Popović in the Faculty of Philosophy, classics department, where she participated in the literary club \"Nada\". Her published translations of \"Glanz\" and \"Allegro furiozo\" by Ida Boy-Ed appeared in \"Politika\" in 1906 and 1907 and were the first translations of Boy-Ed's work. The \"Prosvetni pregled\" (Education Review) No. 1, released \"On reading\", in 1909, for which she won an award. In the same year, she began studies in architecture in Belgrade, leaving after a semester. From 1909 through 1913, she studied Serbian and French literature at the Faculty of Philology at the University of Belgrade. In 1909 and in 1912–14, she published translations of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Ludwig Thoma, Paul-Louis Hervier, Maurice Barrès, Heinrich Heine, Gustave Flaubert, and Oscar Wilde; during the same period, she published the original works of Victor Hugo, as well as literary and theater reviews. At the end of 1913, Lebl-Albala began teaching at the First Women's Gymnasium. From 1914 until 1918, Lebl-Albala published in the journals \"Odjek\" (\"Response\") (Nis), \"Književni jug\" (\"Literary South\") (Zagreb), and \"Moderna žena\" (\"Modern Women\") (Zagreb); she was in Switzerland 1917–18. Lebl-Albala was back in Belgrade in 1918-39. She became a professor in the Second Girls Gymnasium in 1920. She married David Albala, a physician, Zionist leader and president of Belgrade's Sephardi community on March 14 of that year at the Sephardic Synagogue. They had a daughter, Jelena Albala Gojić in 1925. A feminist, she became a member of the \"Drustvo za prosvećivanje žene i zaštitu njenih prava\" (\"Society for Women's Enlightenment and Protection of their Rights\") in 1925, she was also active in Zionist youth work. Other memberships included the Management Association of Professors and PEN Club. For eight years, she served as president of the Yugoslav Association of University-Educated Women. A literature theoretician, from 1919 through 1939, Lebl-Albala wrote essays, literary discussions, criticism, reviews, stories, travel articles about women and youth, translations and other contributions which were published in newspapers and journals; some of these were, \"Revue Yougoslave\", \"Misao\", \"Ženski pokret\", \"Prosvetni glasnik\", \"SKG\", \"Prilozi\", \"LMS\", \"Strani pregled\", \"Politika\", \"Javnost\", \"Književni jug\", \"Glasnik jugoslovenskog ženskog saveza\", \"Beogradske opštinske novine\", \"Južni pregled\", \"Krug\", \"Naša stvarnost\", \"Život i rad\", \"Žena danas\", and \"Vidici\". She wrote discussions and reviews of the works of Dositej Obradović, Njegoš, Ljubomir Nenadović, Jovan Skerlić, Borisav Stanković, Branislav Nušić, Bogdan Popović, Jovan Sterija Popović, Jovan Dučić, Stanislav Vinaver, as well as Heine, Hugo, Herman Hesse, A. Smedlej, and Germaine de Staël. Her work appeared in a number of publications, including Ljubomir Nenadović's, \"Odabrane strane\" (1926), Božidar Knežević's, \"Misli\" (1931), Bulletin of the Association of University-Educated Women (1931-1935), \"L'Oeuvre litteraire des femmes yougoslaves\" (1936), in which he wrote the preface and introduction of individual chapters, as well as \"Monahinja Jefimija\" (1936). In 1937, she became the editor of \"Glasnik Jugoslovenskog ženskog saveza\" (\"Bulletin of the Yugoslav Women's Association\"). In 1940, she moved to Washington, D.C., joining her husband at the Yugoslav Embassy. She wrote for the \"Yugoslav News Bulletin\" (Yugoslav Information Center, New York City, 1942) and in Pittsburgh newspapers (1941, 1944–45). After her husband's death in 1942, Lebl-Albala and her daughter settled in New York City. Lebl-Albala returned to Belgrade in 1945, and was mentioned in the 1947 edition of the \"Columbia Dictionary of Modern European Literature\" in the section on Serbian writers. She did translation work for Metro Goldwyn Meyer and Columbia Pictures during this time. In 1947, she made Aliyah with the first group of emigrants for Israel, after which, she visited Rome (1951–53) and Windsor, Ontario, Canada (1955), before emigrating to the US where she lived with her daughter in Los Angeles, California. She died there in 1967. She is mentioned in \"Encyclopaedia Hebraica\", \"Jewish Almanac\", and the \"Bulletin of the Association of Yugoslav Jews in the United States\". Published in 2005, \"Tako je nekad bilo\" (\"That's how it once was\") is a compilation book of Lebl-Albala's memories. Paulina Lebl-Albala Paulina Lebl-Albala (August 9, 1891 – October 8, 1967) was a Serbian feminist, translator, literary critic, literature theoretician, and professor of" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Jaime Jaime is a common Spanish and Portuguese masculine given name for Jacob, James, Jamie, or Jacques. In Occitania Jacobus became \"Jacome\" and later \"Jacme\". In east Spain, \"Jacme\" became \"Jaime\"; in Aragon it became \"Chaime\", in Catalonia it became \"Jaume\". In western Spain Jacobus became \"Iago\", in Portugal it became \"Tiago\". The name \"Saint James\" developed in Spanish to \"Santiago\", in Portuguese to \"São Tiago\". The names \"Diego\" (Spanish) and \"Diogo\" (Portuguese) are also Iberian versions of \"Jaime\". In the United States, Jaime is used as an independent masculine given name, along with given name Jimmy. For females, it remains less popular, not appearing on the top 1,000 U.S. female names for the past 5 years. It is an alternative spelling of Jamie. Jaime Jaime is a common Spanish and Portuguese masculine given name for Jacob, James, Jamie, or Jacques. In Occitania Jacobus became \"Jacome\" and later \"Jacme\". In east Spain, \"Jacme\" became \"Jaime\"; in Aragon it became \"Chaime\", in Catalonia it became \"Jaume\". In western Spain Jacobus became \"Iago\", in Portugal it became \"Tiago\". The name \"Saint James\" developed in Spanish to \"Santiago\", in Portuguese to \"São Tiago\". The names \"Diego\" (Spanish) and \"Diogo\" (Portuguese) are also Iberian" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Battus I of Cyrene Battus I of Cyrene (), also known as Battus Aristotle (Βάττος Ἀριστοτέλης) or Aristaeus (Ἀρισταῖος) was the founder of the Ancient Greek colony of Cyrene. He was its first king, the first Greek king in Africa and the founder of the Battiad dynasty. He also has a butterfly named after him, Battus philenor. Battus was born in an unknown village on the Greek island of Thera. What is known of Battus’ family background is from the Greek historian Herodotus. His father, Polymnestus, was a Therean nobleman and his mother was named Phronima. She was a princess of Oaxus (a city on the Greek island of Crete). Her father, Etearchus or Eteachos, was King of Oaxus. When Phronima’s mother, then Queen of Oaxus (whose name is unknown) died, Etearchus remarried. Phronima’s stepmother (whose name is also unknown) became Queen. She did everything to torment Phronima, most notably by falsely accusing her of fornication. When Etearchus heard of this, he befriended a Therean merchant living in Oaxus called Themiston and convinced him to swear an oath that he would perform any task the king asked him to do. Etearchus fetched Phronima, had her put in Themiston’s charge, and asked him to throw her into the sea. Themiston, in order to clear himself of the obligation, took Phronima on his ship, lowered her into water with a rope, and hauled her back in the ship (i.e. he did not kill her as ordered). Themiston then sailed with Phronima back to his home island of Thera. There, Phronima became the mistress of a distinguished nobleman called Polymnestus, who was a member of the Minyan family of the Euphemidae. Phronima bore Polymnestus a son, Battus. Herodotus does not give his real name, but according to Pindar, his birth name was Aristotle. Justin gives him the name of Aristaeus and states after his death in Cyrene he was worshipped by the name of Aristaeus. In any case, Battus in ancient Greek means \"stammer\" (because he had a speech impediment as a child), while in the Libyan language battus means \"king\". Herodotus opines that he was not known as Battus until he left for Libya. In \"ca.\" 639 BC the king of Thera, Grinnus, travelled from the island to visit the oracle of Delphi, to seek advice on various matters. At that time, Thera had a severe drought and there was no rainfall for seven years. The population was also increasing and could no longer support its residents. One of the men that accompanied the king was Battus. When Grinnus asked for the priestess' advice, she gave him a seemingly irrelevant response. She told him that he must go to Libya and found a city there, on advice from the God Apollo. The king was too old for this journey and commissioned Battus to complete the task. The only problem was that neither of them knew where Libya was. When Grinnus and Battus returned to Thera, the drought had worsened and the people were in great distress. The king sent some Thereans to once again seek the advice of the Oracle. The priestess repeated the same message, that they must found a colony in Libya for their fortunes to mend. Grinnus then sent a group of men from the island to travel to Crete to inquire about the natives of Libya or anyone who had been to Libya. The group of men landed in Itanus and met a fisherman called Corobius, who explained to the men that he had once been blown out of course and ended up on Platea, an island off the Libyan coast. The Thereans paid Corobius to come with them to Thera and shortly after, with a small party and Corobius as pilot, they set sail for Libya. The men landed on Platea and left Corobius there with enough supplies for a short while and then returned to their island bringing good news about finding the new colony. Corobius agreed to wait on Platea for a length of time, however his supplies began to run out. Luckily, a Samian vessel bound for Egypt under command of Colaeus was re-routed to Platea due to poor weather conditions. The crew gave Corobius enough food to last one year. Colaeus and his crew were anxious to reach their destination as easterly winds prevented them from travelling to Egypt and they were driven as west as the Pillar of Hercules (modern Strait of Gibraltar). By their luck they landed at the wealthy trading post of Tartessus. When the group of Thereans returned to their island and had told everyone of the new settlement, they decided then to send a new party of people representing the seven villages of the island (drawn by lot). The King and the people picked Battus as the leader for the journey to Platea. Battus and the others sailed in two penteconters. When the two ships had reached the coast, Battus could not decide what next to do and ordered that they sail back home. When they returned to Thera, however, the locals refused to allow them back on the shore and threw things at them from the harbour, shouting for Battus and his crew to go back. Battus and the two ships journeyed once more to Platea, where they lived for two years, unable to establish themselves properly there. Leaving one man on the island, they returned to Delphi and consulted the Oracle again about Libya and their current poor conditions. She advised them to settle on the mainland. So, they sailed back to Platea, and established a settlement, a town called Aziris (south of Platea near a river and many valleys). The Thereans lived there for six years on friendly terms with the Libyans. After a treaty with the locals, the Libyans persuaded them to leave Aziris and took them west through fine agricultural country called Irasa to Apollo's Fountain. The Libyan guides told Battus and his group of men ‘this is the place for you settle in, for here there is a hole in the sky’. This may refer to amount of great rainfall in the area, which is rare in Africa. Battus named this new settlement (founded in \"ca.\" 630 BC) Cyrene. The name comes from a fountain called \"Cyre\", which was believed to have been consecrated to Apollo. In addition to naming the settlement, Battus made all the colonists swear an oath. There is an inscription dated from the 4th century BC, which claims to contain the original oath. Although little is known of Battus' reign, he appeared to govern with mildness and moderation. He was also apparently a vigorous ruler, successful in cementing a colony and taking advantages of the natural surrounding environment. Battus died in 600 BC and was worshipped as a heroic figure by his subjects. His grave is near the marketplace which joins the road whose construction he ordered, leading to the temple of Apollo. A statue of Battus was dedicated at Delphi, by the subjects of Cyrene. He is represented riding in a chariot driven by the nymph of Cyrene, with a figure symbolising Libya in the act of crowning him King. His dynasty is known as the Battiad dynasty after him. He was succeeded by his son Arcesilaus I. Battus I of Cyrene Battus I of Cyrene (), also known as Battus Aristotle (Βάττος Ἀριστοτέλης) or Aristaeus (Ἀρισταῖος) was the founder of the Ancient Greek colony of Cyrene. He was its first king, the first Greek king in Africa and the founder of the Battiad dynasty. He also has a butterfly named after him, Battus philenor. Battus was born in an unknown village on the Greek island of Thera. What is known of Battus’ family background is from the Greek historian Herodotus. His father, Polymnestus, was a Therean" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Society Stores Supermarkets Society Stores Supermarkets is a supermarket chain in Kenya. The head office of Society Stores is located in the town of Thika, approximately , by road, northeast of Nairobi, the capital and largest city in Kenya. As of February 2016, Society Stores owns and operates several supermarkets in Kenya, including at the following locations: title=Society Stores opens first outlet in Nairobi to tap growing retail trade|accessdate=6 April 2016|date=6 April 2016 |first=Annie |last=Njanja | newspaper=Business Daily Africa|location=Nairobi}}</ref> The first Society Store in Thika opened in November 2014. It was followed by the Maua store in June 2015 and the Meru outlet in October 2015. The Naivaha store opened in December 2015, with Limuru to follow in early 2016. The sixth store is scheduled to open in the Nairobi suburb of Kayole, during the second half of 2016. The shares stock of Society Stores Supermarkets are privately owned, with the majority in the hands of the founder-owner-chairman-CEO, Trushar Khetia. Society Stores Supermarkets Society Stores Supermarkets is a supermarket chain in Kenya. The head office of Society Stores is located in the town of Thika, approximately , by road, northeast of Nairobi, the capital and largest city in Kenya. As" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "New Rochelle artist colony The New Rochelle artist colony was a community of artists, actors, musicians, playwrights and writers who settled in the city of New Rochelle, New York during the early twentieth century. By the 1920s, New Rochelle had more artists per capita than almost any city in the United States, and newspaper headlines were referring to the community as \"Greenwich Village without the Greenwich.\" The colony included the dance team of Vernon and Irene Castle, actor Francis Wilson, writer Augustus Thomas, and artists Robert I. Aitken, Edward Kemble, Rufus Zogbaum, Alton Tobey and Julian Hawthorne. Ellen Emmett Rand, F. Tolles Chamberlain, Alonzo Klaw, H. R. Stanton, Herman Lambden, Sophie Schuyler Day, Montague Castle, Martha B. Bintiff, and A. Phimister Proctor were some of the other lesser known artists. The New Rochelle artist colony was best known for its number of prominent American illustrators. In the early 1920s more than fifty percent of the illustrations in the country's best-selling publications, and 90% of the illustrations in \"The Saturday Evening Post\", were produced by artists from the city. Norman Rockwell was a member of the community. Clyde Forsythe, who shared Frederic Remington's former studio with Rockwell early on, convinced him to submit cover ideas to the \"Saturday Evening Post\". Rockwell later created over 320 covers over the course of his career. Forsythe also introduced Rockwell to his second wife, Mary Barstow, who was a nationally syndicated cartoonist. For Rockwell, living in New Rochelle in the 1920s in the presence of its many illustrators and artists encouraged his intuition that illustration was a worthy use of artistic talent. Among the most gratifying signs that he had indeed become a serious contender in the art world was the respect shown him by New Rochelle's coterie of famous illustrators. Coles Phillips, a freelance illustrator, developed a signature device, the \"Fade-away Girl\", that appeared in popular magazines and in advertisements. He blocked in parts of the face and figure and left the rest to the imagination. Nell Brinkley illustrated newspaper romance stories and was often called the \"Queen of Cartoons\". Her \"Brinkley Girl\" became the 1920s equivalent of Charles Dana Gibson's \"Gibson Girl\" two decades earlier. Most of the illustrators who lived in New Rochelle were commercially successful, designing covers and illustrations for popular magazines as well as images for advertising and cartoon strips. They were national celebrities in the days before television, as print was the way people got their information and they were acquainted with these artists on a daily basis. Most were paid well enough to live comfortable suburban lifestyles. J. C. Leyendecker, creator of the Arrow Collar Man advertising image and frequent contributor to the \"Saturday Evening Post\", lived in a large chateau and estate overlooking Long Island Sound. Syndicated political cartoonist Clare Briggs built the Tudor revival home 'Blue Anchor', adjacent to the golf course of the Wykagyl Country Club where he was a member. Frederic Remington, known for his drawings and paintings of the American West, lived in one of the gothic-revival homes designed by Alexander Jackson Davis on Lather's Hill. New Rochelle's illustrators included: In 1912, a number of artists from the community organized the New Rochelle Art Association. The organization set formal goals among which were to “set an educational standard in the Fine Arts and promote interest in art in the community.”. The associations founding members included Norman Rockwell, J. C. Leyendecker, F. X. Leyendecker, Ernest Albert, Frederick Dana Marsh, G. Glen Newell, Orson Lowell, Remington Schuyler, Alta West Salisbury, George T. Tobin, Lucius W. Hitchcock, Edward Penfield, and A. G. Heaton. New Rochelle artist" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Interstate 86 (Pennsylvania–New York) Interstate 86 (I-86) is an Interstate Highway that extends for through northwestern Pennsylvania and southern New York in the United States. The highway has two segments: the longer of the two begins at an interchange with I-90 east of Erie, Pennsylvania, and ends at the Chemung-Tioga County line, while the second extends from I-81 east of Binghamton to New York State Route 79 (NY 79) in Windsor. When projects to upgrade the existing NY 17 to Interstate Highway standards are completed, I-86 will extend from I-90 near Erie to the New York State Thruway (I-87) in Woodbury. The current and future alignment of I-86 is known as the Southern Tier Expressway west of I-81 in Binghamton and the Quickway east of I-81. I-86 travels in Pennsylvania and in New York. Except for a section of about that dips into Pennsylvania at exit 60 near the New York village of Waverly and the Pennsylvania borough of South Waverly, the rest of I-86 will be in New York. The section of NY 17 through South Waverly is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT), however. The Southern Tier Expressway section of I-86 and NY 17 comprises Corridor T of the Appalachian Development Highway System. I-86 connects to U.S. Route 219 (US 219) in Salamanca, I-390 near Avoca and I-99 / US 15 just west of Corning. Most of the Quickway and the Southern Tier Expressway was built in stages from the 1950s to the 1980s. The I-86 designation was assigned on December 3, 1999, to the entirety of since-decommissioned Pennsylvania Route 17 (PA 17) and to the westernmost of NY 17. It has been extended eastward as more sections of the existing NY 17 freeway have been upgraded to Interstate Highway standards, first to NY 14 in Horseheads in 2004, to NY 352 in Elmira in 2008, and its current terminus at the Chemung-Tioga County line in 2013. The segment of NY 17 between I-81 and NY 79 was designated as part of I-86 in 2006. By 2015, with the reconstruction of the I-81/NY 17 interchange at Prospect Mountain, I-86 was signed along I-81. I-86 begins at an interchange with I-90 in a relatively flat area of northwestern Pennsylvania. It heads to the southeast, meeting PA 89 at exit 3 before curving to the east and crossing into New York, where it becomes concurrent to NY 17. The freeway heads generally east–west across southwest Chautauqua County, serving the hamlet of Findley Lake and the village of Sherman via NY 426 and NY 76, respectively, as it proceeds toward Chautauqua Lake. After crossing Chautauqua Lake, I-86 merges into an older section of freeway at exit 10 near Bemus Point; this freeway is now NY 954J northwest of the newer extension. NY 954J runs into NY 430, which (along with NY 394) carried NY 17 to Westfield before the 1980s extension. From Bemus Point to Jamestown (exit 12), I-86 parallels the old NY 17 – now NY 430 – along the northeast shore of Chautauqua Lake. The Erie Railroad extension to Chicago (built as the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad) comes into Jamestown from the southwest, and parallels I-86 to its junction with the Erie's original main line to Dunkirk at Salamanca. From Jamestown to Salamanca, the old NY 17 (now mostly NY 394), the new I-86 and the railroad run generally parallel through river valleys. The transportation routes run along the Chadakoin River, Conewango Creek and Little Conewango Creek to Steamburg (exit 17), cutting east to the Allegheny River at Coldspring there. The valley of the Allegheny takes the routes to Salamanca (exit 20), where the railroads merged, and beyond to Olean (exits 25 and 26). From Salamanca to Olean, the old NY 17 is now NY 417. At Olean, the Allegheny River and NY 417 (old NY 17) continue southeast, while I-86 and the Erie Railroad head northeast. NY 417 does not return to I-86 until exit 44 near Painted Post, and the Erie switches between the two alignments several times. I-86 and the old Erie line (now part of the Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroad) run northeast along the valleys of the Olean Creek and Oil Creek to Cuba (exit 28). From Cuba to Friendship (exit 29), they run through a valley and over a summit, then following the Van Campen Creek northeast to Belvidere (exit 30). At Belvidere, the Erie turns southeast to meet NY 417 at Wellsville, but I-86 continues northeast through the valleys of the Genesee River and Angelica Creek to Angelica (exit 31), and then east along the Angelica Creek, over a summit which is the highest point on the Interstate, and along the Karr Valley Creek to Almond (exit 33). This summit, at 2,110 feet (634 m) above sea level, is the highest point along I-86, located between exits 32 (West Almond) and 33 and marked with a sign. At Almond, I-86 rejoins the Erie Railroad, passing through the Canacadea Creek valley about halfway to Hornellsville. However, where the railroad turns southeast to Hornellsville, I-86 continues northeast across a summit and into the wide Canisteo River valley (exit 34). It leaves the valley along the Carrington Creek, but quickly turns east across a summit to follow the Big Creek and cross another summit to Howard (exit 35). I-86 runs alongside Goff Creek from Howard to the wide Cohocton River valley, where it meets the south end of I-390 (exit 36) near Avoca and turns southeast through that valley, parallel to the Erie's Rochester–Painted Post line (Buffalo, New York and Erie Railroad). I-86, NY 415 (old US 15) and the Erie branch all run southeast along the Cohocton River past Bath (exit 38) to Painted Post (exit 44), now the north end of Interstate 99 and US 15. NY 417 – old NY 17 – also ends at exit 44, while NY 415 continues east into Corning (exits 45–46). From Painted Post through Corning to Big Flats (exit 49), I-86, NY 352 (old NY 17) and the Erie Railroad run through the Chemung River valley. NY 352 begins at exit 45, west of downtown Corning, and is a recently bypassed four-lane road through Corning. East of East Corning (exit 48), the freeway was built as an on-the-spot upgrade of the old NY 17. At Big Flats, the Chemung River (and NY 352) turns southeast to downtown Elmira, while I-86 and the Erie continue east-northeast alongside Singsing Creek to the vicinity of Elmira/Corning Regional Airport. The highway continues into Horseheads, where it becomes an elevated highway through the use of a large arrangement of embankments and bridges. It connects to NY 14 and NY 13 via exits 52 and 54, respectively, before turning south to follow Newtown Creek into Elmira. Just east of the city's downtown district, I-86 meets NY 352 (exit 56), then continues to the Chemung-Tioga (NY) County line. The I-86 designation ends here; however, a section of NY 17 just east of Binghamton is also designated as I-86, creating a temporary gap in the designation. The Broome County segment runs from I-81 at exit 75 in Kirkwood to NY 79 at exit 79 in Windsor. A third segment was set to open in Fall 2014, in the Middletown area. This portion extends from Interstate 84 at the brand new exit 121 to NY 17K in Bloomingburg, New York. In December 2015, I-86 signs were installed on NY-17 between Route 17K and I-84; these signs remain covered pending approval from the FHWA and AASHTO to designate this section as I-86. The first long-distance route through the modern I-86 corridor was NY 17, which extended from Westfield to New Jersey via Harriman when it was assigned in 1924. Much of NY 17 followed a routing parallel or identical to that of the modern Southern Tier Expressway and Quickway; however, it followed a more northerly routing between Westfield and Bemus Point (via modern NY 394 and NY 430) and a more southerly track from Belvidere to Corning (via what is now NY 19 and NY 417). NY 17 was realigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York to travel directly from Olean to Wellsville on modern NY 417, located well to the south of today's Southern Tier Expressway. By the late 1940s, the portion of NY 17", "approval from the FHWA and AASHTO to designate this section as I-86. The first long-distance route through the modern I-86 corridor was NY 17, which extended from Westfield to New Jersey via Harriman when it was assigned in 1924. Much of NY 17 followed a routing parallel or identical to that of the modern Southern Tier Expressway and Quickway; however, it followed a more northerly routing between Westfield and Bemus Point (via modern NY 394 and NY 430) and a more southerly track from Belvidere to Corning (via what is now NY 19 and NY 417). NY 17 was realigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York to travel directly from Olean to Wellsville on modern NY 417, located well to the south of today's Southern Tier Expressway. By the late 1940s, the portion of NY 17 through the Catskill Mountains and Orange and Rockland Counties had become prone to massive traffic jams due to both its winding and narrow composition and congestion in the villages and hamlets along the highway. As a result, the state of New York began making plans to construct an expressway leading from the New York State Thruway at Harriman to the Catskills. Construction of the NY 17 freeway began in 1947 in the Hudson Valley town of Wallkill. The first section of the new freeway, a bypass of Middletown between Fair Oaks (exit 118A, since removed) and Goshen (exit 123), opened to traffic in July 1951 as a realignment of NY 17. In 1954, several severe accidents occurred along parts of the surface NY 17, compelling the state to make constructing the freeway, dubbed the \"Quickway\", a higher priority. The road was extended east first, reaching Chester (exit 127) in October 1954 and the Thruway near Harriman in August 1955. To the west, a section of the highway through Sullivan and Delaware Counties was built over the right-of-way of the defunct New York, Ontario & Western Railway. Most of the Sullivan County section of the Quickway was completed during the 1950s, with the first section within the county—between Rock Hill (exit 108) and Wurtsboro (exit 114)—opening in December 1956. A second section, from Ferndale (exit 101) to north of Liberty (exit 98), was completed in July 1958. The gap between Wurtsboro and Fair Oaks in Orange County was filled on October 23, 1958, while the section between Ferndale and Rock Hill was completed in two stages. The section east of modern exit 104 in Monticello was opened in July 1959; the part north of that point opened in December 1960. By 1969, with the assistance of federal funding from the Appalachian Regional Commission procured by New York's U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy, the route provided nonstop access between Harriman and Binghamton, from the New York State Thruway (I-87) to I-81. Despite flaws in the highway's design — it included a grade-level railroad crossing near Fair Oaks (since removed) and two stretches with intersections and driveway access — the Quickway succeeded in easing travel through southern New York, cutting the driving time in half and the accident rate by 70 percent. In February 1953, New York Governor Thomas Dewey proposed constructing four superhighways across the state to supplement the New York State Thruway. One of the four proposed limited-access highways would cut across the Southern Tier, linking I-90 in the west to Binghamton in the east. The first segments of what became known as the Southern Tier Expressway, a westward continuation of the Quickway, were completed in the mid-1960s. Four sections were opened to traffic at this time: Kennedy (exit 14) to Randolph (16); Coldspring (17) to western Salamanca (20); Campbell (41) to Corning (45); and East Corning (48) to Lowman (57), parts of which were built as a surface highway. The Coldspring to Salamanca section was built out of necessity: in 1967, the first stress test of the Kinzua Dam had submerged part of the original Route 17 into the Allegheny Reservoir and made it impassable. Construction of the new highway destroyed most of the town of Red House. A fifth section, from Owego (65) to Johnson City (69), opened in early 1969. The portion of the expressway between Nichols (exit 62) and Owego was opened to traffic on October 3, 1969. Four more segments of the Southern Tier Expressway were completed over the course of the next three years. By 1972, the gaps between Randolph and Coldspring and from Johnson City to I-81 in Binghamton were filled while the expressway was extended west from Kennedy to Falconer (exit 13) and east from Lowman to Waverly (exit 60). The missing link between Waverly and Nichols was completed by 1974. The portion of the freeway in and around Waverly was originally planned to be built on the right-of-way of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad through southern Waverly; however, the plan was scrapped in favor of a more southerly alignment that passed through the borough of South Waverly, Pennsylvania. The realignment saved $2 million (equivalent to $ in 2019) in construction costs and spared a handful of industries in the highway's proposed path. Both state legislatures approved the realignment in 1966 after New York agreed to maintain the section of the freeway in Pennsylvania. As part of an agreement made between the two states, Pennsylvania acquired the necessary right-of-way and easements for the freeway at the expense of New York. Three other segments of the freeway were completed by 1974. Two of the three—from Jamestown (exit 11) and Falconer and between Almond (33) and Campbell—were extensions of pre-existing sections while the third, connecting Allegany (24) to Hinsdale (27), was isolated from the other portions of the highway. This was only temporary, however, as the freeway was completed between Hinsdale and Belvidere (exit 30) by January 1975 and opened to traffic from Belvidere to Almond on January 30, 1975. The Southern Tier Expressway was extended westward to Bemus Point by 1977, initially utilizing what is now NY 954J. In the early 1980s, work began on a westward extension to the vicinity of Erie, Pennsylvania. The Findley Lake–Bemus Point (exits 4–10) segment was completed by 1985 while the portion from I-90 east of Erie to Findley Lake was opened by 1989. From I-90 to exit 8, the freeway was initially built as a super two highway, with both directions utilizing what are now the eastbound lanes. The westbound lanes were built at a cost of $34 million (equivalent to $ in 2019) and opened to traffic on October 2, 1997. Construction of the freeway between exits 20 and 24 was delayed for several years by members of the Seneca nation, who objected to the freeway's proposed routing through the Allegany Indian Reservation. On June 29, 1976, the state of New York made an agreement with the Seneca nation that paid approximately $1.8 million (equivalent to $ in 2019) to the Seneca nation and property owners for the of land comprising the highway's proposed routing. In addition, the state ceded of land to the Seneca nation—750 of which were taken from the adjacent Allegany State Park—and agreed to support several tax and regulatory exemptions for the Senecas. The transaction was completed in September 1981, and construction on the segment began in 1982. The portion of the expressway between exits 20 and 21 was completed by 1985. On July 21, 1985, construction was halted by protesting Seneca Native Americans who did not accept the authority of the Seneca nation. The protest was organized in part by two owners of property in the path of the highway and involved the construction of an encampment on the right-of-way of the Southern Tier Expressway. The state had conducted studies on realigning the highway to bypass the disputed section; however, the Indians vacated the encampment five days later. A temporary injunction prohibiting further disruptions of the highway's construction was issued in early August, allowing work on the Salamanca–Seneca Junction (exit 23) section of the expressway to resume on August 13. This", "segment began in 1982. The portion of the expressway between exits 20 and 21 was completed by 1985. On July 21, 1985, construction was halted by protesting Seneca Native Americans who did not accept the authority of the Seneca nation. The protest was organized in part by two owners of property in the path of the highway and involved the construction of an encampment on the right-of-way of the Southern Tier Expressway. The state had conducted studies on realigning the highway to bypass the disputed section; however, the Indians vacated the encampment five days later. A temporary injunction prohibiting further disruptions of the highway's construction was issued in early August, allowing work on the Salamanca–Seneca Junction (exit 23) section of the expressway to resume on August 13. This segment was completed by 1989 while the last section between Seneca Junction and Allegany was opened to traffic by 1995. Work on the Corning Bypass, a freeway around the northern and eastern fringes of the city of Corning, began in the mid-1980s. The first segment of the highway—between NY 414 (exit 46) and East Corning—was completed by 1989 while the rest opened in the mid-1990s. The completion of the Corning Bypass, the last substantial gap in the freeway, created a continuous, mostly limited-access highway between Erie, Pennsylvania, and Harriman, New York. The completed highway, designated as PA 17 and NY 17, serves as a time-saving, non-toll shortcut past the Thruway for motorists going from the New York City area to Ohio and points west. In fact, the New York State Thruway Authority initially opposed the highway's construction, fearing the loss of toll revenue on its own route from motorists shunpiking via the free alternate route. The portion of the two-state freeway from I-90 near Erie to I-81 in Binghamton is designated as Corridor T of the Appalachian Development Highway System. In 1998, all of PA 17 and the portion of NY 17 from the Pennsylvania state line to Harriman were designated \"High Priority Corridor 36\" in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21). New York politicians, including Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, and businessmen backed the move in the hope that an efficient, high-speed roadway would inspire companies to do business in the state's southern counties. Shortly after the passage of TEA-21, Corridor 36 was legislatively designated as I-86 in an amendment to the bill. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials formally approved the designation on November 6, 1998, as \"Future I-86\". On December 3, 1999, all of PA 17 and the westernmost of NY 17 were officially designated as I-86 by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) following improvements to bring the roadway up to Interstate Highway standards. The designation was extended eastward to NY 14 in Horseheads on January 28, 2004, after that section had been brought up to standards. On May 1, 2006, the portion of NY 17 from I-81 in Binghamton east to NY 79 in Windsor was designated as part of I-86 following the elimination of at-grade intersections and the reconstruction of exit ramps along the stretch. The completion of the $30 million project increased the total mileage of I-86 to and created a temporary gap in the designation. In Horseheads, a $60 million project to elevate the highway and remove at-grade intersections in the village between NY 14 (exit 52) and NY 13 (exit 54) began in April 2004 and was completed on August 20, 2007. NYSDOT subsequently sought permission from FHWA to extend I-86 over the new bypass and the existing NY 17 freeway to NY 352 in Elmira; it was granted on March 28, 2008, adding another to the route. A portion of NY 17 between exits 56 and 59 originally had several at-grade intersections. Work on a project to eliminate the junctions began in January 2010. Three discontinuous sections of County Route 60 (CR 60, named Brant Road, Oneida Road, and Old NY 17), a parallel surface road, were linked together as part of the project. Two of the three at-grade junctions with CR 60—the east junction with Brant Road and the west junction with Oneida Road—were permanently closed on March 24, 2010, to allow construction to begin on the new alignment of the county route between the two locations. The $65,585,000 project was completed on November 1, 2012. The next alignment of I-86 scheduled to open is in Orange County between Bloomingburg and Crystal Run. Additional portions of NY 17 will be designated as I-86 after at-grade sections are eliminated and the highway is brought up to Interstate Highway standards. Eventually, the entire portion of NY 17 west of the Monroe/Woodbury area where it intersects the Thruway/I-87 will become I-86. The conversion was originally expected to be complete by 2009, and later by 2012; however, a lack of funding for the necessary upgrades has pushed the target date as far back as 2018. Temporary signs mark the route as \"Future I-86\" where it is not already designated as I-86. Cost estimates for the I-86 renovation ranged from $550 million to $900 million in the early 2000s. Several projects to improve sub-standard sections of NY 17 are either under construction or in development as part of the conversion. The largest of these involves improvements to the interchange with I-81 in Binghamton near the stretch named Kamikaze Curve. As part of the project, the NY 17 approach to the junction will be modified, a requirement for interstate designation, and exit 72 westbound will be moved further west. Work on the Prospect Mountain project, as it is known by NYSDOT, began in late 2011 and is projected to last until early 2018. The projected total cost of the project is $331.8 million. I-86 signs now appear in the vicinity of the interchange in both directions. Other projects that need to be completed to extend I-86 eastward include the elimination of at-grade intersections in the Catskills between exits 84 and 87 and other interchange improvements in the Catskills and in Orange County. One at-grade intersection in the Catskills, a junction in Parksville signed as exit 98, was replaced by a $96 million, bypass of the hamlet in late 2011. The eastbound lanes of the new highway opened to traffic in September; the westbound section was finished in November. Pennsylvania uses milepost-based exit numbers on its Interstate Highways; other I-86 exits are numbered sequentially. Interstate 86 (Pennsylvania–New York) Interstate 86 (I-86) is an Interstate Highway that extends for through northwestern Pennsylvania and southern New York in the United States. The highway has two segments: the longer of the two begins at an interchange with I-90 east of Erie, Pennsylvania, and ends at the Chemung-Tioga County line, while the second extends from I-81 east of Binghamton to New York State Route 79 (NY 79) in Windsor. When projects to upgrade the existing NY 17 to Interstate Highway standards are completed," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "The current Governor is Mir Ghazanfar Ali Khan, who took over on 20 November 2015. \n The Governor of Gilgit-Baltistan is the appointed Head of State of the provincial government in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The governor is designated by the Prime Minister and is normally regarded a ceremonial post. However, throughout the history of Pakistan, the powers of the provincial governors were vastly increased, every time the provincial assemblies were dissolved and the administrative role came under direct control of the governors. \n Name of Governor | Entered Office | Left Office | Political Affiliation \n---|---|---|--- \nQamar Zaman Kaira | 16 September 2009 | 22 March 2010 | PPP \nShamma Khalid | 23 March 2010 | 15 September 2010 | PPP \nWazir Baig | 17 September 2010 | 26 January 2011 | PPP \nPir Karam Ali Shah | 27 January 2011 | 15 February 2015 | PPP \nChaudhry Muhammad Barjees Tahir | 16 February 2015 | 24 November 2015 | Pakistan Muslim League (N) \nMir Ghazanfar Ali Khan | 24 November 2015 | Present | Pakistan Muslim League (N) \n The seat of governor in Gilgit-Baltistan was started on 16 September 2009. \n Following is the list of governors after Gilgit-Baltistan was given the status of province on August 29, 2009, the federal cabinet had approved the Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order 2009." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Gruzinsky Gruzinsky (; ) was a title and later the surname of two different princely lines of the Bagrationi dynasty of Georgia, both of which received it as subjects of the Russian Empire. The name \"Gruzinsky\" (also spelled Gruzinski or Gruzinskii) derives from the Russian language, originally and literally meaning \"of Georgia\". Of the two lines, the younger one is the only line that still exists. The \"Elder House\" of Princes Gruzinsky was an offshoot of the House of Mukhrani that was dispossessed of the throne of Kartli in 1726. The line descended from Prince Bakar of Georgia (1699/1700-1750), who had removed to Russia in 1724, and it became extinct with the death of Pyotr Gruzinsky (1837–1892). The family had estates in the governorates of Moscow and Nizhegorod, and it was confirmed among the princely nobility of Russia in 1833. The \"Younger House\" of Princes Gruzinsky (Bagrationi-Gruzinski) is an offshoot of the House of Kakheti (after 1462) and of Kartli (after 1744). The title of Prince(ss) Gruzinsky (Serene Prince[ss] after 1865) was conferred upon the grandchildren of the penultimate Georgian king, Erekle II (1720/1-1798), after the Russian annexation of Georgia in 1801. Descendants of Prince Bagrat (1776–1841), grandson of Erekle II and son of the last king of Georgia, George XII (1746–1800), still survive in Georgia. The current head of this family, Nugzar Bagration-Gruzinsky (born 1950), claims the legitimate headship of the Royal House of Georgia (also claimed by the line of Bagrations of Mukhrani) based on male primogeniture descent from the last king of Georgia. As Nugzar has no male issue, Evgeny Petrovich Gruzinsky (born 1947), the great-great-grandson of Bagrat's younger brother Ilia (1791–1854), who lives in the Russian Federation, is considered to be an heir presumptive within the same primogeniture principle. Gruzinsky Gruzinsky (; ) was a title" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Pothos longipes Pothos longipes is a climbing plant of the warmer rainforests of eastern Australia. Distributed from Boorganna Nature Reserve in the Mid North Coast of New South Wales to tropical Queensland. Mostly found on trunks of trees. An attractive plant with interesting flowers and bright red fruit. A slender, glossy leaved climber or hemi-epiphyte. Leaves 1.5 to 5 cm long, 5 to 15 mm wide. Leaves flattened, appearing constricted with an apparent wasp waist in the middle of the leaf. Flowers form in late spring to early summer, being greenish or purple, featuring a lanceolate shaped spathe, 25 mm long. The spadix is yellowish and cylindrical, up to 6 cm long. Flowers usually solitary, on a 5 cm stem. The fruit is a red drupe, 8 to 13 mm long. Germination from fresh seed is not particularly difficult. Pothos longipes Pothos longipes is a climbing plant of the warmer rainforests of eastern Australia. Distributed from Boorganna Nature Reserve in the Mid North Coast of New South Wales to tropical Queensland. Mostly found on trunks of trees. An attractive plant with interesting flowers and bright red fruit. A slender, glossy leaved climber or hemi-epiphyte. Leaves 1.5 to 5 cm long," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Don't Let Go (George Duke album) Don't Let Go is the twelfth studio album by American keyboardist and record producer George Duke. It was released in 1978 through Epic Records. Recording sessions for the album took place at Paramount Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California. The album features contributions from Duke's frequent collaborators, guitarist Charles \"Icarus\" Johnson, bassist Byron Miller, drummer Leon \"Ndugu\" Chancler and percussionist Sheila Escovedo with guest appearances from Josie James and Napoleon Murphy Brock on lead vocals, Petsye Powell and Pattie Brooks on backing vocals, Roland Bautista and Wah Wah Watson on guitars, and Carol Shive and Judy Geist on violins. The album peaked at number 39 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and number 5 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States. \"Don't Let Go\" spawned two singles, \"Dukey Stick\" and \"Movin' On\". Both of its singles were charted on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, reaching numbers 4 and 68, respectively. Don't Let Go (George Duke album) Don't Let Go is the twelfth studio album by American keyboardist and record producer George Duke. It was released in 1978 through Epic Records. Recording sessions for the album took place at Paramount Recording Studios in Los" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "1967 NBA Playoffs The 1967 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1966-67 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Division champion Philadelphia 76ers defeating the Western Division champion San Francisco Warriors 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals. It was the 76ers' second NBA title in franchise history; their first had come in 1955 as the Syracuse Nationals. The Boston Celtics were denied the chance to win their ninth straight championship, though they would win the title the following two seasons. The expansion Chicago Bulls made the playoffs in their debut season, and the New York Knicks returned to the postseason for the first time since 1959. It is the longest gap in Knicks franchise history, a record they matched when they missed the playoffs starting in 2004 and ending in 2011. The 1967 NBA Playoffs marked a change in the league's playoff format; every tournament since 1955 had given the top-ranked team in each division a first-round bye, but starting this season, the NBA upped the number of playoff teams to eight, thereby eliminating a first-round bye for the regular-season division champions. Champion: San Francisco Warriors Division Semifinals (1) San Francisco Warriors vs. (3) Los Angeles Lakers: \"Warriors win series 3-0\" (2) St. Louis Hawks vs. (4) Chicago Bulls: \"Hawks win series 3-0\" Division Finals (1) San Francisco Warriors vs. (2) St. Louis Hawks: \"Warriors win series 4-2\" Champion: Philadelphia 76ers Division Semifinals (1) Philadelphia 76ers vs. (3) Cincinnati Royals: \"76ers win series 3-1\" (2) Boston Celtics vs. (4) New York Knicks: \"Celtics win series 3-1\" Division Finals (1) Philadelphia 76ers vs. (2) Boston Celtics: \"76ers win series 4-1\" (1) Philadelphia 76ers vs. (1) San Francisco Warriors: \"76ers win series 4-2\" 1967 NBA Playoffs The 1967 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "August William Edwins August William Edwins (August 12, 1871 – July 2, 1942) was the American founder of the Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church mission in the Xuchang, Henan, China. August William Edwins was born August 12, 1871 in Ogden, Boone Co., Iowa. His parents had emigrated from Sweden in 1868 to Swede Valley, Iowa. August was the fourth of eleven children. Due to poverty, at 16, he left home to earn money for his education. He graduated from Augustana Academy (Augustana College), Rock Island, Illinois, as valedictorian of both his college and his seminary classes. His gift as a scholar and affinity for linguistics became important for his missionary career. He graduated from Augustana Seminary in 1902 and was ordained that year at the Synod convention held in Ishpeming, Michigan. His first call was to serve the congregation at Trinity Lutheran Church, Stillwater, Minnesota. It was while serving as a pastor at Trinity that Pastor Edwins was first approached about serving as a missionary in China. In 1904 the China Mission Society (CMS), a group of Augustana members interested in establishing mission work in China, called him to serve as its first missionary to China. He was hesitant, but in 1905, when no one responded to a call for volunteers for the China Mission Society (formed in 1901), Edwins himself volunteered and accepted the Society's call. After one year of language studies, Pastor Edwins, in the company of his Chinese teacher and two Norwegian Lutheran missionaries, set out in the spring of 1906 to explore the possibilities for a CMS field in the Honan province. It proved to be an arduous trip with attacks by angry crowds, military escorts, and revised routes of travel. Pastor and Mrs. Edwins set out for the new mission field in Hsuchang on September 2, 1906. Commissioned for China, Edwins married Alfreda Anderholm and sailed from Seattle, arriving in Shanghai in October 1905. After one year of language studies in the Fancheng district of Xiangfan, Hupeh (Hubei) Province, Pastor Edwins, in the company of his Chinese teacher and two Norwegian Lutheran missionaries, set out in the spring of 1906 to explore the possibilities for a CMS field in the Honan province. It proved to be an arduous trip with attacks by angry crowds, military escorts, and revised routes of travel. Pastor and Mrs. Edwins set out for the new mission field in Hsuchang on September 2, 1906. In consultation with missionaries of the China Inland Mission and others, Edwins was directed to an unoccupied field in central Honan. Moving to Hsu-ch'ang (Xuchang) in 1906, Edwins obtained a foothold in Loyang (Luoyang), Jiaxian, and other strategic centers, where land and property were purchased and groundwork was laid for future expansion. In 1910 the first nine converts were baptized in Xuchang. In addition, he was professor at the Union Theological Seminary in Shekow, near Hankou from 1922 to 1942. Pastor Edwins and the mission started a school in 1909 after requests from local people, but this school closed in 1911 due to inadequacies in the curriculum, faculty, and facilities. Another attempt to open a school occurred in 1913, but this school was discontinued after a year because Pastor Edwins was having to spend many days away from the school supervising building work at the other stations. Pastor Edwins' last twenty years in the mission field were spent teaching at the Union Theological Seminary at Hankow. Among other accomplishments, Edwins started a union language school for new missionaries, initiated a Chinese Lutheran church paper, promoted indigenous literature, and taught dogmatics in the Union Lutheran Theological Seminary near Wuhan, Hupeh (Hubei), while also serving as the schools President. In March 1941, due to an increasingly tense political situation in China, Pastor Edwins sent his wife and children home to the United States. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war on Japan by the United States, American citizens living in China were interned by the Japanese. Since Shekow, where the seminary was located, was in occupied territory, Pastor Edwins became one of those interned. He was interned by the Japanese shortly after Pearl Harbor. Pastor Edwins and others received word in April 1942 that an exchange of American and Japanese nationals was to take place. On June 5 Pastor Edwins and other internees boarded a Japanese steamer that took them to Shanghai. While in Shanghai, Pastor Edwins suffered a stroke and was placed in the China Inland Hospital. He stayed there until he was transferred to the ship that would take him home. The S.S. Conte Verde left Shanghai on June 29 and on July 2 Pastor Edwins died after suffering another stroke late in the evening. He was buried in the South China sea 160 miles due east of Hanoi on July 3 after a brief service attended by fellow missionaries. August William Edwins August William Edwins (August 12, 1871 – July 2, 1942) was the American founder of the Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church mission in the Xuchang, Henan, China. August William Edwins was born August 12, 1871 in Ogden, Boone Co., Iowa. His parents had emigrated from Sweden in 1868 to Swede Valley, Iowa. August was the fourth of eleven children. Due to poverty, at 16, he left home to earn money for his education. He graduated from Augustana Academy (Augustana College), Rock Island, Illinois, as valedictorian of both his college and" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Tony László Tony László (born 16 October 1960) is an American born to parents of Hungarian and Italian descent. He was raised in the United States and came to Japan in 1985. As a freelance journalist, he has written articles in English and Japanese. He has been a representative and webmaster for the non-governmental organization Issho Kikaku since 1994. He is married to manga artist Saori Oguri and appears as a leading character in some of her works, mainly the \"My Darling is a Foreigner\" (\"Darling wa Gaikokujin\") series. His own writings include the book \"Tony ryū shiawase o saibai suru hōhō\", which his wife illustrated. Tony László Tony László (born 16 October 1960) is an American born to parents of Hungarian and Italian descent. He was raised in the United States and came to Japan in 1985. As a freelance journalist, he has written articles in English and Japanese. He has been a representative and webmaster for the non-governmental organization Issho Kikaku since 1994. He is married to manga artist Saori Oguri and appears as a leading character in some of her works, mainly the \"My Darling is a Foreigner\" (\"Darling wa Gaikokujin\") series. His own writings include the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Asuka Langley Soryu In a \"Newtype\" poll from March 2010, Asuka was voted as the third most popular female anime character from the 1990s. Asuka's surname comes from the Japanese World War II aircraft carrier \"Soryu\", her middle name from the American World War II aircraft carrier \"Langley\", and her \"Rebuild\" surname from the Japanese World War II destroyer \"Shikinami\". Her first name comes from \"Asuka Saki\" (砂姫 明日香, \"Saki Asuka\"), the main character of the Japanese manga , written by Shinji Wada. Character designer Yoshiyuki Sadamoto explained that he \"first designed an Asuka-type girl as the lead character\", but felt it might be too similar to previous anime that he and Anno had worked on, such as \"Gunbuster\" and \"\". He suggested to Anno that they change the lead character to a boy, which would be more in keeping with the robot genre. As Sadamoto and Anno designed the series, Sadamoto came to believe that Asuka would occupy the position of an \"'idol' in the Eva world\". He also described his belief that the relationship between Asuka and Shinji would be similar to the relationship between Jean and Nadia in the earlier \"Nadia\". Asuka's personality, as well of those for the other characters, was designed so as to be understood at a glance. Yūko Miyamura, Asuka's Japanese voice actress, said \"Asuka wasn't the most open-hearted character I've ever met...every time I tried to draw myself in closer synchronization, Asuka would never allow herself to sync with 'me'... One day, I figured out that there was a wall in Asuka's heart\". Much later, she stated that work on the series was \"very hard\" and that at times she had \"wanted to erase \"Evangelion.\"\" Asuka's English voice actress, Tiffany Grant, felt that playing Asuka was \"refreshing\", as \"she says the most horrible things to people, things that you'd like to say to people and can't get away with.\" Asuka is first introduced into the series in episode 8; with the arrival of Eva Unit 02 and Asuka and Shinji's battle with the Angel Gaghiel, Asuka is shown as maintaining a high synchronization ratio and exceptional skills as an Eva pilot, being very aggressive and confident in battle. After first being defeated in battle by Zeruel, Asuka's self-confidence (and, correspondingly, her synch ratio and effectiveness as a pilot) begins to dwindle. This comes to a head in episode 22, when Arael appears and Asuka, burdened by increasingly poor results in synchronization tests, is infuriated by being ordered to serve as backup to Rei. She defies orders and tries to attack the Angel alone, but is overwhelmed by a psychological attack by the Angel, forcing her to relive her painful memories and resulting in a mental breakdown. She becomes incapable of piloting Unit 02, and since piloting Eva is the meaning of her life, Asuka loses her will to live and spends much of the final episodes of the television series in a hospital bed in a catatonic state. Asuka was born in Germany to an unknown father and a Japanese-German mother. In \"The End of Evangelion\", as the Japanese Strategic Self-Defense Force invade NERV, Asuka is placed inside Unit 02, which is submerged in a lake within the Geofront, for her protection. As she is bombarded by depth charges, Asuka declares that she refuses to die, and in a moment of clarity, she realizes that her mother's soul is within the Eva and has been protecting her all along. Her self-identity regained, she emerges and defeats the JSSDF, before encountering the Mass-Produced Evas. Though she successfully disables all nine opponents, Unit 02's power running out and the infinite power of the Mass-Produced Evas' S² Engines (which allow them to remain functional despite being severely damaged or mutilated) finally allow them to eviscerate and dismember Unit 02 using their Lance of Longinus replicas. Shinji then prepares to start the Third Impact in an indeterminate scene, he confronts Asuka, who argues with him and rejects his pleas for her to help him – at which point he begins to strangle her, and the Third Impact/Instrumentality begins. After Shinji rejects Instrumentality, she appears beside Shinji in the film's final scene, her injuries sustained in battle against the Mass-Produced Evas covered in bandages. The depressed Shinji begins to strangle the seemingly comatose Asuka, until she caresses his face. She then says one of her most famous sentences: 'Kimochi warui' (\"I feel sick\" or \"How disgusting\") with cold voice. In the four-film re-imagining of the TV series, Asuka makes her first appearance in the second film, \"\". Several changes have been made to her character, such as her family name being changed from to , continuing the Japanese maritime vessel naming convention, and rather than her having a college degree, she holds the rank of captain in the European air force, as a fighter pilot. She also doesn't share Soryu's pediophobia and no longer has the same infatuation with Kaji, choosing to ignore an invitation to go on a trip with him until Misato forced her to go. In addition, she is the test pilot for Evangelion Unit 03, not Toji, before surviving the Evangelion's possession by an Angel. In the , she wears an eyepatch. Asuka also appears in many manga series based on the anime, including \"Neon Genesis Evangelion\" by Yoshiyuki Sadamoto. The events in this manga series mirror those of the anime with some divergences apparent. Asuka appears as a main character in the series and is depicted, for the most part, similar to her anime counterpart. Asuka appears in various other manga spin-offs including the \"\" and \"\" with varying changes to her personality and characterization. Asuka also makes appearances in various video games alongside other \"Evangelion\" characters such as in \"Neon Genesis Evangelion\" for the Nintendo 64 as well as the popular cross-over video game franchise \"Super Robot Wars\", where she often butts heads with the equally hot-headed and intelligent Kouji Kabuto, the pilot of Mazinger Z and Mazinkaiser. She is also implied to have developed crushes on famous heroes such as Char Aznable (in the guise of Quattro Bageena) and Amuro Ray. However, in \"Super Robot Wars Alpha\", Asuka jealously seizes a bouquet of roses from Shinji meant for Lynn Minmay. In \"Super Robot Wars Alpha 3\", she snaps Shinji out of his depressed state during the battle with the Mass-Produced Evas by declaring that she could not be with someone who would simply lie down and die. Asuka appears in the crossover Transformers x Evangelion. She piloted Ava-1 to intercept the Angel possessed Starscream calling himself Angel-scream, her Ava was scanned by the Autobot leader Optimus Prime and he gains her Ava´s size and colors, she with the help of Optimus Prime and the other Autobots defeat Angel-scream In a \"Newtype\" poll from March 2010, Asuka was voted as the third most popular female anime character from the 1990s. The June 2010 issue of \"Newtype\" ranked Asuka Langley Shikinami No. 8 in its monthly top 10 character survey. One reviewer describes her fatal flaw as \"excessive Pride\", noting that her mother goes insane after taking a test pilot experience on herself just as Asuka suffers a mental breakdown or contamination when challenging the 16th Angel herself. Pete Harcoff of Anime Critic described Asuka as providing much of the comic relief, while also being an \"annoying snot\". IGN ranked her as the 13th greatest anime character of all time, saying that \"On the surface, she's a simple character. ... But as the series progresses we see that her pride is a cover for deeper emotions and deep, deep psychological problems.\" Asuka's fight sequence against the Mass-Production Evangelions in \"The End of Evangelion\" was particularly well received by critics who felt that it was her definitive moment, as otherwise she remains static for most of the film. Praise was also given to Tiffany Grant for her role as Asuka's English voice actress. Mike Crandol of Anime News Network stated that Grant was \"her fiery old self", "challenging the 16th Angel herself. Pete Harcoff of Anime Critic described Asuka as providing much of the comic relief, while also being an \"annoying snot\". IGN ranked her as the 13th greatest anime character of all time, saying that \"On the surface, she's a simple character. ... But as the series progresses we see that her pride is a cover for deeper emotions and deep, deep psychological problems.\" Asuka's fight sequence against the Mass-Production Evangelions in \"The End of Evangelion\" was particularly well received by critics who felt that it was her definitive moment, as otherwise she remains static for most of the film. Praise was also given to Tiffany Grant for her role as Asuka's English voice actress. Mike Crandol of Anime News Network stated that Grant was \"her fiery old self as Asuka.\" Theron Martin wrote that Asuka's portrayal in \"\" is \"distinct from the get-go,\" stating that she is even more anti-social than in the original anime series. Martin also wrote that despite seeming to be the \"most socially adjusted Eva pilot in the TV series,\" the Asuka of \"Evangelion 2.0\" \"makes no pretenses about liking anyone\" and that she \"seems motivated as much by establishing herself in a future career path in NERV as she is by her personal pride.\" Eric Surrell also commented on Asuka's role in \"Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance,\" stating that \"the arrival and sudden dismissal of Asuka was shocking and depressing, especially considering how integral she was to the original \"Evangelion\".\" Asuka Langley Soryu In a \"Newtype\" poll from March 2010, Asuka was voted as the third most popular female anime character from the 1990s. Asuka's surname comes from the Japanese World War II aircraft carrier \"Soryu\", her middle name from the American World War II aircraft carrier \"Langley\"," ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Leopold Kny Carl Ignaz Leopold Kny (6 July 1841 – 26 June 1916) was a German botanist born in Breslau. He studied at Breslau, Munich and Berlin, where he was a pupil of Alexander Braun (1805–1877). In 1873 he became an associate professor at the University of Berlin, as well as director of the newly formed institute of plant physiology. Among his students at Berlin was plant physiologist Hermann Vöchting (1847-1917). Leopold Kny was a specialist in research involving the morphology of fungi and cryptogams (mosses, ferns and algae). He is remembered for producing \"Botanische Wandtafeln\", which was a series of 117 botanical wall charts that were published between 1874 and 1911. Kny's charts were known for their high level of detail, and were widely used in classrooms long after his death. They were accompanied with a 554-page textbook for explanatory purposes. Today these wall charts are housed in several different museums. In 1891 botanist Otto Kuntze name the genus \"Knyaria\" in his honor. His daughter Hedwig Kny married Erich Klausener on 1 August 1914 in Düsseldorf. Leopold Kny Carl Ignaz Leopold Kny (6 July 1841 – 26 June 1916) was a German botanist born in Breslau. He studied at" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Qualification Qualification for the Boxing Events at the 2012 Summer Olympics is based on the WBS Individual Championships, the 2011 World Championships and 5 Continental Qualifying Events to be held in 2012. Qualification for the women's events was at the World Championships only. Olympic Qualification System per Continent and by Weight Category. \"*\" Both England and Wales boxers qualified but Andrew Selby beat Khalid Yafai in box-off for Olympic place. \"*\" Wang Zhimin from China, who won the 2011 WSB Individual Championships at this weight, had his qualification withdrawn by the Chinese NOC. Yerzhan Mussafirov from Kazakhstan, as losing finalist in that competition would have inherited the Olympic berth but was also withdrawn by his NOC. Rachid Azzedine from France inherited the qualification place by virtue of his third-place finish. \"*\" Sergiy Derevyanchenko from Ukraine, who won the 2011 WSB Individual Championships at this weight, had his qualification withdrawn by the Ukrainian NOC. Soltan Migitinov from Azerbaijan inherited the qualification place by virtue of his second-place finish. Olympic Qualification System per Continent and by Weight Category. Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Qualification Qualification for the Boxing Events at the 2012 Summer" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Windsor Beauties The Windsor Beauties are a famous collection of paintings by Sir Peter Lely, painted in the early to mid-1660s. The name stems from the original location of the collection, which was housed in the Queen's bedchamber in Windsor Castle. They can now be seen at Hampton Court Palace. The Royal Collection includes 10 portraits as part of the set. They show the women at three-quarter length in various poses. Some women wear current fashions; others are draped in loose robes intended to evoke classical antiquity. The original set of \"Beauties\" painted by Lely include, depending on the source: The portraits for the first 10 names are included at the Royal Collection website as \"probably commissioned by Anne Hyde, Duchess of York.\" The Duchess of York does not figure in the above list often; but since she was largely responsible for the collection (and choosing the sitters), she was also painted as part of the series. Possibly a little flattery from Lely was responsible for this. Windsor Beauties The Windsor Beauties are a famous collection of paintings by Sir Peter Lely, painted in the early to mid-1660s. The name stems from the original location of the collection, which was" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Fort Yamhill Fort Yamhill was an American military fortification in what became the state of Oregon. Built in 1856 in the Oregon Territory, it remained an active post until 1866. The Army outpost was used to provide a presence next to the Grand Ronde Agency Coastal Reservation. Several officers stationed at the United States Army post prior to the American Civil War would later serve as generals in that war. Built in Polk County, Oregon, the outpost consisted of a wooden blockhouse, sentry box, barracks, officers’ quarters, carpenter's shop, hospital, cook houses, blacksmith shop, tables, barn, sutler's store, and laundress quarters. The wood blockhouse was built to provide a refuge to settlers of the area in case of attack by the Native Americans. After the fort was abandoned the block house was moved from the hill it was positioned on and served as a jail in the Valley Junction area, and later moved about east to Dayton. Total cost to build the fort was $36,053. The post's first troops were under the command of William Babcock Hazen. This garrison consisted of 76 men under three officers, but was reduced in 1858 to two officers and 33 enlisted men. Company D of the Fourth California Infantry took over at the fort on November 11, 1861 under the command of Lyman S. Scott. They replaced the Ninth Infantry that was commanded by 1st Lieutenant Philip A. Owen. For a time between September 1863 and October 1864 the post was under the command of 2nd Lieutenant James Davison. The blockhouse of the fort was moved to a park in downtown Dayton in 1911 to honor city founder Joel Palmer. The actual site of the fort grounds, which is in the Willamina vicinity, has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1971. The address of the site is withheld, however the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department runs the undeveloped Fort Yamhill State Heritage Area in partnership with Polk County and the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde. As there are no remaining buildings at the fort grounds except a relocated Officer's Quarters building, the parks department plans to reconstruct some of the fort buildings, including a new blockhouse. In 2005 and 2013, Fort Yamhill served as the site for the Oregon State University historical archaeology field school. Students worked to uncover the foundations of Fort-era buildings. Fort Yamhill Fort Yamhill was" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Swink, Colorado Swink is a Statutory Town in Otero County, Colorado, United States. The population was 696 at the 2000 census. A post office called Swink has been in operation since 1906. The community was named after George W. Swink, a Colorado politician. As of the census of 2000, there were 696 people, 278 households, and 199 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,584.6 people per square mile (995.3/km²). There were 291 housing units at an average density of 1,080.6 per square mile (416.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 88.79% White, 0.43% African American, 1.01% Native American, 0.86% Asian, 7.18% from other races, and 1.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.55% of the population. There were 278 households out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.99. In the town, the population was spread out with 26.7% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $36,094, and the median income for a family was $46,667. Males had a median income of $36,806 versus $25,694 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,353. About 8.4% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over. Swink, Colorado Swink is a Statutory Town in Otero County, Colorado, United States. The population was 696 at the 2000 census. A post office called Swink has been in operation since 1906. The community was named after George W. Swink, a Colorado politician. As of the census of 2000, there were 696 people, 278 households, and 199 families residing in the town. The population density was" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Adam Newbold Adam Charles Newbold (born 16 November 1989) is an English footballer who plays as a striker. In December 2010, it was announced that he had agreed a deal to sign for Australian side Ballarat Red Devils. He is expected to make his debut for the club in February. Newbold scored on his debut for Nottingham Forest after coming on as a 75th minute substitute against Morecambe in the League Cup on 13 August 2008, which finished as a 4–0 victory. His Football League debut came three days later in a 3–1 defeat to Swansea City in the Championship by making a substitute appearance on 87 minutes. In November 2008, Newbold signed a new one-and-a-half-year contract at the City Ground, with the option of a one-year extension. Following the dismissal of Forest boss Colin Calderwood, and the subsequent appointment of Billy Davies, Newbold joined Conference North club Stalybridge Celtic on loan until the end of the 2008–09 season on 26 March 2009. He made his debut two days later, scoring a goal in the process, only for it to ruled out by the linesman who adjudged him to be offside. He finished the loan with six appearances, scoring an impressive 5 goals.<ref name=\"Season 2008/2009:\"></ref> His contract was mutually terminated by Forest after the club's reserve team was disbanded by the new management team, leaving many of the club's talented young players without a club. In December 2009, he signed for Tamworth of the Conference National on non-contract terms, following a brief spell in Scotland. After it was revealed the club was under financial difficulties, Newbold left Tamworth and signed for Hucknall Town F.C., despite being thought to be the transfer target for a number of league clubs. Newbold left Hucknall without making a single appearance for the club after deciding that he would look to get back into the professional game. In February/March 2011 Newbold joined the Ballarat Red Devils on non-contract terms. It took Newbold just 26 minutes of his debut for the Red Devils and Australian soccer to find the back of the net. He was on target during a 5–1 romp over Langwarrin, where he was named man of the match and hailed by local newspaper Silobreaker as a standout. Adam Newbold Adam Charles Newbold (born 16 November 1989) is an English footballer who plays as a striker. In December 2010, it was announced that he" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Colegio San Agustín (Cochabamba) The San Agustin High School of Cochabamba (\"Colegio San Agustín\" in Spanish) is a private high school located in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Augustinians settled in Cochabamba in 1950 to contribute to the education in Bolivia. They founded the high school in 1954 and it started its activities in 1955. Since its inception, the San Agustin High School has focused on providing a strong technical background to its students. Most of them have obtained a degree in engineering or sciences, as critical thinking has been mainly promoted among its students. There have been students who obtained higher education and professional recognition in the social sciences as well. This high school is regarded as Bolivia's 1st ranked high school due to the performance of its students in science contests as well as the performance shown by its graduates in both the public and the private sectors within Bolivia and abroad. The year 2005 marked the school's 50th anniversary. In that occasion, it was awarded the Order of the Condor of the Andes, which is the Bolivian government's highest distinction, and also it was the first women promotion. On 2016, the school began the first Bolivian technologic school project. It included a project to obtain the academic quality management system for education and will last until 2020. Bolivia's Vice President Álvaro García Linera and former President Eduardo Rodríguez Veltze are notable alumni of the school. This high school has been managed by The San Agustin Educational Foundation (\"Fundación Educacional San Agustín (FESA)\") since 28 August 1992. Previously, it was managed by the Augustinians in the name of the same school (the last one died on 2015, Nicolas Beumer). Colegio San Agustín (Cochabamba) The San Agustin High School of Cochabamba (\"Colegio San Agustín\" in Spanish) is a private high school located" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Slade Alive! – The Live Anthology Slade Alive! – The Live Anthology is a two-disc live compilation album by the British rock band Slade. It was released in August 2006 by Salvo. It reached No. 191 in the UK. The anthology includes the band's entire collection of officially released live material, with the exception of the 1982 B-Side \"Merry Xmas Everybody (Live & Kickin')\". Disc one contains the 1972 album \"Slade Alive!\" and the 1978 follow-up \"Slade Alive, Vol. 2\". Disc two contains 1982's \"Slade on Stage\" and the material from the two 1980 extended plays \"Alive at Reading\" and \"Xmas Ear Bender. Slade Alive! – The Live Anthology Slade Alive! – The Live Anthology is a two-disc live compilation album by the British rock band Slade. It was released in August 2006 by Salvo. It reached No. 191 in the UK. The anthology includes the band's entire collection of officially released live material, with the exception of the 1982 B-Side \"Merry Xmas Everybody (Live & Kickin')\". Disc one contains the 1972 album \"Slade Alive!\" and the 1978 follow-up \"Slade Alive, Vol. 2\". Disc two contains 1982's \"Slade on Stage\" and the material from the two 1980 extended plays \"Alive" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Vadakkuparamba Vadakkuparamba is a small village in Anakkayam panchayat, in the Malappuram District of Kerala, India. Nearby cities are Pandikkad (5 km) and Manjeri (10 km).kadalundi river surrounding the village. Vadakkuparamba village is a predominantly Muslim populated area. Hindus exist in comparatively smaller numbers. So the culture of the locality is based upon Muslim traditions. Duff Muttu, Kolkali and Aravanamuttu are common folk arts of this locality. There are many libraries attached to mosques giving a rich source of Islamic studies. Most of the books are written in Arabi-Malayalam which is a version of the Malayalam language written in Arabic script. People gather in mosques for the evening prayer and continue to sit there after the prayers discussing social and cultural issues. Business and family issues are also sorted out during these evening meetings. The Hindu minority of this area keeps their rich traditions by celebrating various festivals in their temples. Hindu rituals are done here with a regular devotion like other parts of Kerala. Vadakkuparamba village connects to other parts of India through Manjeri town. National highway No.66 passes through Parappanangadi and the northern stretch connects to Goa and Mumbai. The southern stretch connects to Cochin and Trivandrum. National Highway No.966 connects to Palakkad and Coimbatore. The nearest airport is at Kozhikode. The nearest major railway station is at Tirur. Vadakkuparamba Vadakkuparamba is a small village in Anakkayam panchayat, in the Malappuram District of Kerala, India. Nearby cities are Pandikkad (5 km) and Manjeri (10 km).kadalundi river surrounding the village. Vadakkuparamba village is a predominantly Muslim populated area. Hindus exist in comparatively smaller numbers. So the culture of the locality is based upon Muslim traditions. Duff Muttu, Kolkali and Aravanamuttu are common folk arts of this locality. There are many libraries attached to mosques giving a rich source of" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Midnight Rambler \"Midnight Rambler\" is a song by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released on their 1969 album \"Let It Bleed\". The song is a loose biography of Albert DeSalvo, who confessed to being the Boston Strangler. Keith Richards has called the number \"a blues opera\" and the quintessential Jagger-Richards song, stating in the 2012 documentary \"Crossfire Hurricane\" that \"nobody else could have written that song.\" On the composing of the song, Mick Jagger said in a 1995 interview with \"Rolling Stone\", When asked about the song in a 1971 interview with \"Rolling Stone\", Richards said: The song's lyrics include the verse: The studio version of the track (which runs six minutes and fifty-three seconds) was recorded during the spring of 1969 at London's Olympic Sound Studios and Trident Studios. Jagger performs vocals and harmonica, while Richards plays all the guitars on the track, using standard tuning for the main guitars and open E tuning for the slide. Bill Wyman plays bass and Charlie Watts drums, while multi-instrumentalist Brian Jones is credited with playing the congas. The song bears similarity to \"The Boudoir Stomp\" and \"Edward's Thrump Up\", recorded in April 1969 by the band minus Keith Richards and Brian Jones, featuring Ry Cooder on guitar and Nicky Hopkins on piano. The sessions were released on the 1972 LP, \"Jamming With Edward\". Jones' percussion is inaudible throughout the track and even though he may have participated during the recording sessions, it is possible that his contribution was not used in the final mix. James Hector, who wrote the 1995 Omnibus Press published book \"The Complete Guide to the Music of The Rolling Stones\" has speculated that the credit may have been a mere gift to Jones from his former bandmates. The Rolling Stones debuted \"Midnight Rambler\" on stage on 5 July 1969 and performed it regularly in concert through 1976; performances frequently included Jagger crawling around and lashing the stage with his belt. One notable 1969 performance (running just over nine minutes) was captured for the 1970 album, \"Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out!\" and was re-released on the 1971 compilation album \"Hot Rocks 1964-1971\". This rendition features Mick Taylor on lead guitar, in addition to Jagger, Richards, Wyman and Watts. Versions from 1975 following the departure of Taylor from the band feature Ronnie Wood instead of Taylor. Some of the 1975 versions are the longest live renditions ever, some of them clocking in at almost 15 minutes. \"Midnight Rambler\" returned to the Rolling Stones' repertoire in 1989 and has remained a powerful concert favourite ever since. The January 2003 rendition featured in the Stones' concert collection \"Four Flicks\" runs about twelve minutes, while a briefer July 1995 performance appears on \"Totally Stripped\" (2016). The Stones with special guest former band member Mick Taylor played the song at all the concerts of the 50 & Counting... tour, including 12-minute versions of \"Midnight Rambler\" during their 25 November 2012 concert at London's O2 Arena, at the 2013 Glastonbury Festival, and during their July 2013 Hyde Park concerts, as seen in \"Sweet Summer Sun: Hyde Park Live\". In his book \"The Better Angels of Our Nature\", Steven Pinker discusses the song as an illustration of his thesis that the 1960s counterculture \"pushed against\" the Civilizing Process (identified by Norbert Elias), which, Pinker argues, had been reducing violence over many centuries, and that the counterculture's \"glorification of dissoluteness shaded into indulgence of violence... Personal violence was sometimes celebrated in song, as if it were just another form of antiestablishment protest.\" He says the song \"acted out a rape-murder by the Boston Strangler...\" and he sees this as an example of how in the 1960s counterculture \"the control of women's sexuality was seen as a perquisite\" of men. Midnight Rambler \"Midnight Rambler\" is a song by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released on their 1969 album \"Let It Bleed\". The song is a loose biography of Albert DeSalvo, who confessed to being the Boston Strangler. Keith Richards has called the number \"a blues opera\" and the quintessential Jagger-Richards song, stating in the 2012 documentary \"Crossfire Hurricane\" that \"nobody else could have written that song.\" On the composing of the song, Mick Jagger" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Palena River The Palena River or Carrenleufú is a river shared by Chile and Argentina in Northern Patagonia. It drains the waters of the Vintter Lake, also shared by these nations, and it flows into the Pacific Ocean. This river has a regular glacial regime and rapid white waters. The rapids between Palena and Puerto Raúl Marín Balmaceda are choice kayaking white water. The volume and rapid drop in elevation of the river is ideal for hydroelectric power plants. There are several projects at both sides of the border to use this power. The river originates as the Carrenleufú as the out-flow from Lake Vintter. Its major tributaries include the Tranquilo, Figueroa, Frío, Risopatrón and Melimoyu rivers. Palena River The Palena River or Carrenleufú is a river shared by Chile and Argentina in Northern Patagonia. It drains the waters of the Vintter Lake, also shared by these nations, and it flows into the Pacific Ocean. This river has a regular glacial regime and rapid white waters. The rapids between Palena and Puerto Raúl Marín Balmaceda are choice kayaking white water. The volume and rapid drop in elevation of the river is ideal for hydroelectric power plants. There are several projects" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Santa Gadea Santa Gadea () is a church dedicated to Saint Agatha in Burgos, Spain. The church is famous in history and literature for being the site where Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (El Cid) at the behest of the Castilian Cortes, forced Alfonso VI to swear an oath that he was not an accomplice in the death of his brother, Sancho while he was besieging Zamora. \"Es el de la jura de Santa Gadea\" is the most notable Spanish medieval romance about this event. The church today is not the same as it was at the time of the swearing of the , but the place where the event took place is nevertheless marked by an inscription on a plate, positioned on the outside wall beside the church door. Santa Gadea Santa Gadea () is a church dedicated to Saint Agatha in Burgos, Spain. The church is famous in history and literature for being the site where Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (El Cid) at the behest of the Castilian Cortes, forced Alfonso VI to swear an oath that he was not an accomplice in the death of his brother, Sancho while he was besieging Zamora. \"Es el de la jura" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Communication!!! Communication!!! is the second studio album by American-born Japanese pop singer Leah Dizon. It was released on August 20, 2008 by Victor Entertainment. Dizon herself also wrote or co-wrote 10 of the tracks, along with composing 2 herself. It was released in a CD-only and CD + DVD format and it includes the title tracks from her two latest singles, Love Paradox and Vanilla, as well as two b-sides. According to one press release, \"Lost At Sea\" and \"BxKxRxxx\"' are said to be rock tunes, \"her first\". It is Dizon's last recording before announcing her marriage and pregnancy in October 2008 on her \"Communication!!! Album Tour\" several days after the wedding. Communication!!! Communication!!! is the second studio album by American-born Japanese pop singer Leah Dizon. It was released on August 20, 2008 by Victor Entertainment. Dizon herself also wrote or co-wrote 10 of the tracks, along with composing 2 herself. It was released in a CD-only and CD + DVD format and it includes the title tracks from her two latest singles, Love Paradox and Vanilla, as well as two b-sides. According to one press release, \"Lost At Sea\" and \"BxKxRxxx\"' are said to be rock tunes, \"her first\"." ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Wherwell Abbey Wherwell Abbey was an abbey of Benedictine nuns in Wherwell, Hampshire, England. The nunnery was founded about 986 by Ælfthryth, the widow of King Edgar. She retired there to live a life of penance for her part in the murders of her first husband Æthelwald and of her step-son King Edward. She died at the monastery on 17 November 1002 and was buried there. It would seem that immediately after the foundress's death, King Æthelred confirmed by charter all his mother's gifts to the abbey, where the abbess was then Heanfied. The grant included exemption from temporal service, and the gift of land and houses at \"Edelingdene\", Winchester and Bullington. An unnamed granddaughter of Ælfthryth (and daughter of King Æthelred the Unready) was abbess in the eleventh century. According to the Annals of Winchester and Florence of Worcester, King Edward the Confessor's mother, Emma, and his wife Edith were both confined for a period at Wherwell, but it seems likely that this assertion is confused and that Emma was never sent to Wherwell. The Domesday Book records the abbey's property as comprising the vills of Wherwell, Tufton Goodworth, Little Anne, Middleton, Bullington, and houses in Winchester, all in Hampshire. The annual revenue then amounted to £14. 10s. During the Anarchy in 1141, the Empress Matilda's forces fortified the abbey, but they were defeated by King Stephen's troops. Matilda's men fled into the abbey, which was then burned by Stephen's troops commanded by William of Ypres. Traces of the earthworks built by the Empress Matilda's forces are visible today. In about 1186 a nun called Maud became Abbess, remaining in office for 40 years until her death. In 1226 she was succeeded in 1226 by Euphemia. Between then and her death on 26 April 1257, Euphemia seems to have been a veritable whirlwind. Events include many undated charters relating to small gifts or grants was made. Like Maud, she seems to have been well loved by the nuns, as the surviving cartulary records. Euphemia built a new farmery, dorter and areas for other functions, such as latrines with running water, all away from the main buildings, and nearby a chapel of the Blessed Virgin, with a large enclosed garden. By the river bank, she constructed other practical buildings, but leeft access to the river for the nuns. She cleared sordid older buildings that were a fire risk and built a new hall for the manor court, and further away a new and efficient mill She rebuilt from the ground up the dilapidated manor house at Middleton, and took similar measures at Tufton. She was attentive to charitable works and in providing hospitality. She embellished the Norman church that had replaced the original Saxon church after the Conquest with crosses, reliquaries, precious stones, vestments, and books. When the decaying bell tower collapsed on to the dorter in the early hours, narrowly missing the nuns, she built a tall and handsome replacement that matched the remaining buildings and in her old age she had dismantled and rebuilt with 12-foot deep foundations the sanctuary of the church. Abbess Euphemia also oversaw a significant expansion in the size of the community with the number of nuns being housed reaching 80. The Black Death later cut this number to single figures. In 1291 the temporalities of the Wherwell Abbey were valued at a very considerable £201 18s. 5½d., in addition to which the abbess received pensions of £1 10s. from the church of Wallop and £1 6s. 8d. from the church of Berton. That same year, on 12 August, Pope Nicholas IV granted a relaxation of one year and forty days to penitents practising imposed penance who visited the Abbey church of Wherwell, on the four feasts of the Blessed Virgin, and on that of the Holy Cross and its octave. In larger monastic houses of both men and women, the sacristan held a highly responsible post and at Wherwell was the beneficiary of specific income from dedicated rents. During the time of another abbess Maud (1333-1340) an inventory of the valuables in the sacristan’s custody was compiled. It detailed two precious chalices donated by Abbess Maud herself and Abbess Ellen de Percy and nine other chalices, several for use on a specific altar, two with depictions of St Thomas Becket on the foot, a number of silver and silver gilt ciboria and pyxes to hold the sacred hosts, one in the form of a tower. There were also crosses, basins, cruets for wine and water, candlesticks, censers, incense boats with their spoons, and two crowns (perhaps for crowning a statue of the Virgin), all in silver or silver gilts. This indicates not idle riches, but a certain level of income plus an attention to the dignity of the liturgical services as already seen a century earlier under Abbess Euphemia. After having been in substance harassed for some years, the abbey was left with no option but to surrender at the Dissolution of the monasteries to the crown on 21 November 1539. The abbess received an annual pension of £40, the prioress one of £6, and twenty-three nuns received pensions of from £5 to £2 13s. 4d. It was originally intended that the site and estates be granted to John Kingsmill, brother of the abbess, but in fact they were granted to Thomas West, 9th Baron De La Warr, after he successfully petitioned Cromwell for it. The manor house of Wherwell Priory was built on the site. The abbey has disappeared, but in 1997 a geophysical survey by archaeologists from Southampton University located the foundations under the lawn of the eighteenth-century Wherwell Priory. Wherwell Abbey Wherwell Abbey was an abbey of Benedictine nuns in Wherwell, Hampshire, England. The nunnery was founded about 986 by Ælfthryth, the widow of King Edgar. She retired there to live a life of penance for her part in the murders of her first husband Æthelwald and of her step-son King Edward. She died at the monastery on 17 November" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "University Royal Naval Unit A University Royal Naval Unit (URNU) is a Royal Navy training establishment connected to a university, or a number of universities concentrated in one area. There are 15 URNUs nationwide in the UK, and each URNU has land-based facilities near the university in question, up to four training officers (members of the Royal Naval Reserve) and, with the exception of Devon, a dedicated training vessel (an \"Archer\"-class P2000 fast patrol boat). The units and their ships are URNU ships are part of the 1st Patrol Boat Squadron, or \"1PBS\". 1PBS is commanded by Commander 1PBS, who previously was also Commander URNU (however Commander Universities is now a separate post). The mission statement of 1PBS is to provide high-quality sea training experiences in support of the URNU mission and to deliver P2000 operational capability in support of other fleet tasking. The most recently formed unit, Devon URNU was established in 2017, catering to universities across the region. The unit is the only URNU without a dedicated training vessel, but students are able to utilise available P2000s and other craft for training. Devon was the first new unit formed since 1994. While the URNUs are commanded by Commander URNU they fall under the overall jurisdiction of Captain BRNC (the officer-in-charge of the Britannia Royal Naval College), Dartmouth. Each URNU is commanded by a Lieutenant RN, Lieutenant Commander or RM Captain, and is associated with a P2000 patrol boat of the 1st Patrol Boat Squadron. Each URNU comprises 51 undergraduates who join for the duration of their degree, with the option of taking years out or leaving at any time. Undergraduates join for three years, or in some cases the duration of their course. Members hold the rank of honorary Midshipman in the Royal Naval Reserve. A notable difference between this and other ranks in the Royal Navy is that there is no call-up liability and members may leave at any time. During the first year URNU students wear URNU slides on their shoulders and are Officer Cadets (O/CDTS) and on completion of their first URNU taskbook they receive a white officer cadet tab in addition to the URNU slide. They can then be referred to as Midshipmen RNR(MID) and on completion of the second taskbook students will wear Midshipman rank slides and \"turnbacks\". Each URNU has a Senior Midshipman (SMID) and Deputy Senior Midshipman (DSMID) with a committee made up of various roles which differ according to unit, but will generally include a treasurer and sports and adventurous training officers alongside other roles, and this committee will take leading role in programme planning and assist in the running of the Unit. The committee is supported by the unit CO and a Coxn, usually a full-time Royal Navy Chief Petty Officer (CPO) as well as a civilian secretary. Each unit also has capacity for up to four training officers, who may be ex-Navy, former URNU students, or civilians with relevant experience, who are appointed as Royal Naval Reserve officers (RNR). Training focuses on leadership, navigation and seamanship, and this is put into practice during sea weekends, and longer deployments during the summer and Easter vacations. Drill nights also often include lessons on wider navy knowledge, drill practice, and visits from serving personnel and affiliated units as well as practical leadership tasks and team building. Units also frequently undertake visits to affiliated units and local training establishments to experience military life first hand. Training is assessed via successive taskbooks which must be signed off by members of the unit staff or P2000 ships company. Advancement in rank depends on completion of each taskbook. There is also a significant and important social element to URNU life from formal mess dinners including the main naval formal event of the year, Trafalgar Night, to informal socialising in the unit's mess and dedicated socials which contribute to unit integration and may be coordinated by a dedicated social secretary. There are sporting activities held within the URNU units, informal contests between the units and an annual sports weekend in Portsmouth between all units, organised by the losing unit from the previous year. University Royal Naval Unit A University Royal Naval Unit (URNU) is a Royal" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Stéphane Trévisan Stéphane Trévisan (born March 27, 1974) is a French former professional football goalkeeper. During his career, which began in 1995 at Toulouse Fontaines and concluded in 2010 after a three-year spell with Guingamp, he made over 200 league appearances. Trévisan started his professional career at Guingamp, where he was their number two goalkeeper, first behind Angelo Hugues then behind Ronald Thomas. After three years, he decided to go to Marseille, where in his first year he would again be number two behind Stéphane Porato, but would still play two Champions League matches. His good performances when he did get into the starting eleven convinced his manager to make him the number one goalkeeper the following year, Porato having returned to Monaco. However, this second season at Marseille, his first ever as a regular in the starting team, quickly turned into a nightmare for Trévisan, who made mistake after mistake while Marseille were battling against relegation. Ultimately, Trévisan decided to give up his spot in the team and to let young keeper Damien Gregorini play the final nine games of the season. The following summer, he left the club to Ligue 2 side Ajaccio. For his first year there, he helped the club win the league and achieve promotion to Ligue 1, and was named Ligue 2 Goalkeeper of the Year. He finally got to play two complete seasons in Ligue 1 (38 and 32 games respectively), but found himself number two again, and again behind Stéphane Porato for the following two years. This led him to sign for Sedan, where he only got to play nine games, as, despite his excellent performances, he could never displace local icon Patrick Regnault. Angry at this treatment he judged unfair, Trévisan left Sedan after just one year to go back to his first club, Guingamp. After a difficult first year where he only got to play 12 games, his second season was much more rewarding as he started almost every league match, and also won the Coupe de France (although Guillaume Gauclin was the starting goalkeeper throughout this competition). In June 2010 Guingamp is relegated into the third French league, the contract of Stéphane Trévisan expires and the goalkeeper stops his career. Stéphane Trévisan Stéphane Trévisan (born March 27, 1974) is a French former professional football goalkeeper. During his career, which began in 1995 at Toulouse Fontaines and concluded in 2010" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Wu Mochou Wu Mochou, also known by her English name Momo Wu (born April 18, 1992), is a Chinese singer. She rose to fame after her runner-up of The Voice of China (season 1). Wu was born in Qiqihar, the daughter of an obscure singer. During her childhood, Wu followed her parents in a caravan and performed all over the country. When she was 18, her father died. To remember him, Wu tattooed his portrait on her left arm. In 2011, Wu was admitted to the Shenyang Conservatory of Music, and started to sing at a local pub outside of the school. While performing at the pub, she started singing R&B, rock, and a variety of other music genres, and mapped out her own style. In 2012, Wu took part in the Voice of China competition, one of the most popular television shows in China during that year. Her first song was \"Price Tag\" by Jessie J. She was chosen by Harlem Yu, one of the four judges in the contest, who later became her mentor. Throughout the series, some audience members disliked her performances and said she had destroyed the songs. But Wu, whose voice bears a resemblance to Kimbra, Amy Winehouse, Duffy and Gin Wigmore, was proud of her own style. In the final rounds, Wu experimented an improvisation of \"Itch\"(癢) by Huang Ling, which she combined with \"The Wandering Songstress\"(天涯歌女) by Zhou Xuan, causing controversy. Wu took second place in the competition; her sense of humor and positive attitude has since brought her a large group of fans. On November 21, 2012, Wu released her first studio single \"I Will Give You\"(我要給你) featuring Harlem Yu. On December 25, 2012, \"Sunshine Legend\"(陽光傳奇) featuring Li Daimo, was released. It was adopted as the new city song of Shenyang. In 2013, Wu had cameos in the film \"Better and Better\"(《越來越好之村晚》), and sang in the episode \"I Will Give You\"(我要給你). On March 21, Wu released a new studio single \"Love Love Love Love\"(愛愛愛愛). It was also used as incidental music in the film \"The Chef, the Actor, the Scoundrel\"(《厨子戏子痞子》). From December 2012 to February 2013, Wu attended a CCTV's talent contest miniseries Dreams Chorus(the Chinese version of Clash of the Choirs), leading Team Shanghai to sing for charity funds for Raleigh China: Expeditions. Although her team did not win the contest, it raised 37 million yuan in donations. Wu rose to prominence with incomparable speed. She was awarded \"Singer of the Year\" in a selection activity hosted by New Weekly. At the 2012 China Charm Awards hosted by the Southern People Weekly, Wu won the Different Glamour Award of 2012. At the Women's Media Awards 2012, jointly hosted by UN Women and NetEase, Wu won the 2012 Female Model Award. In 2013, Wu was signed up by Pepsi as a sponsor and subsequently released a new single, \"Live For Now Momo\"(就现在). The music video of the song quickly broke the Chinese record as the most watched video with over 200 million views to date. In 2015, Wu sang the song “舞底线” for movie “捉妖记”. Wu Mochou Wu Mochou, also known by her English name Momo Wu (born April 18, 1992), is a Chinese singer. She rose to fame after her runner-up of The Voice of China (season 1). Wu was born in Qiqihar, the daughter of an obscure singer. During her childhood, Wu followed her parents in a caravan and performed all over the country. When she was 18, her father died. To remember him, Wu tattooed his portrait on her left arm. In 2011, Wu was admitted to the Shenyang" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Tisab Ting Tisab Ting, or, The Electrical Kiss is an 1896 Canadian science fiction novel, written by Ida May Ferguson of New Brunswick under the pseudonym \"Dyjan Fergus.\" The book is set in late 20th century Montreal and features an \"electrical genius\": a \"learned Chinaman\" who woos and wins a Canadian wife through his superior scientific knowledge as embodied in \"the Electrical Kiss\". According to a contemporary reviewer, the admitted novelty of the subject matter and plot of this \"startling\" work did not excuse this \"young lady writer\" for writing which was weak and without skill (it was her first and apparently her only book). It is of interest mainly because of its early publication date. The University of Alberta Libraries published a microfiche copy of the book in 1980. Tisab Ting Tisab Ting, or, The Electrical Kiss is an 1896 Canadian science fiction novel, written by Ida May Ferguson of New Brunswick under the pseudonym \"Dyjan Fergus.\" The book is set in late 20th century Montreal and features an \"electrical genius\": a \"learned Chinaman\" who woos and wins a Canadian wife through his superior scientific knowledge as embodied in \"the Electrical Kiss\". According to a contemporary reviewer, the admitted" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Zsuzsa Koncz Zsuzsa Koncz (, born 7 March 1946, Pély) is a Hungarian pop singer, whose lyrics (mostly written by János Bródy) were sometimes highly critical of the country's pre-1990 political system. Her career started after her performance in the Ki mit tud? talent show of 1962. She has been performing with various bands and musicians over the years, most notably Illés and János Bródy. In the 1970s, she made several successful tours abroad, mainly in Eastern Bloc countries as well as in West Germany (sometimes under the names Shusha Koncz and Jana Koncz in German-speaking countries), but also in France, the U.S., and Japan. She remains extremely popular in Hungary, with some of her songs now part of Hungarian folklore, among them: 'A Kárpáthyék lánya', 'Ha én rózsa volnék', and 'Valahol egy lány'. Zsuzsa Koncz Zsuzsa Koncz (, born 7 March 1946, Pély) is a Hungarian pop singer, whose lyrics (mostly written by János Bródy) were sometimes highly critical of the country's pre-1990 political system. Her career started after her performance in the Ki mit tud? talent show of 1962. She has been performing with various bands and musicians over the years, most notably Illés and János Bródy. In" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "* Amy Poehler \n * Nick Offerman \n\n\n Making It (originally titled The Handmade Project) is an American reality competition series, co-hosted by Amy Poehler and Nick Offerman. The series premiered on July 31, 2018 on NBC. \n Season | Episodes | Originally aired \n---|---|--- \nFirst aired | Last aired \n| | 6 | July 31, 2018 (2018-07-31) | September 4, 2018 (2018-09-04) \n The show features craftspeople skilled in different mediums competing to be named the \"Master Maker\" and win $100,000. Each week, competitors make two handmade projects–a \"Faster Craft\" and a \"Master Craft.\" The winner of each challenge earns a patch. For the Faster Craft, makers have three hours to create an item. For the Master Craft, they have a longer time to create a more elaborate themed collection. At the end of every episode, one person is sent home based on their performance in the Master Craft. \n No. in series | No. in season | Title | Original air date | U.S. viewers (millions) \n---|---|---|---|--- \n| | \"Meet Your Makers\" | July 31, 2018 (2018-07-31) | N/A \nFor the faster craft challenge, the eight makers must make a craft that reveals each maker's \"secret beast\". For the master craft challenge, they must make family heirlooms with a contemporary twist. \n| | \"Home Sweet Home\" | August 7, 2018 (2018-08-07) | N/A \nFor the faster craft challenge, the makers must create terrariums that celebrate where they grew up. For the master craft challenge, they must make a collection of handmade forts and children's toys. \n| | \"Party Time!\" | August 14, 2018 (2018-08-14) | N/A \nFor the faster craft challenge, the makers must create unique snack stadiums. For the master craft challenge, they must make a backyard bonanza using repurposed and recycled materials to create themed party seating and matching outdoor games. \n| | \"All of the Holidays at Once\" | August 21, 2018 (2018-08-21) | N/A \nFor the faster craft challenge, the makers must make Halloween costumes using common household items. For the master craft challenge, they must create front door holiday displays. \n5 | 5 | \"Inside Out\" | August 28, 2018 (2018-08-28) | N/A \nFor the faster craft challenge, the makers create light fixtures made from natural materials. For the master craft challenge, they must transform ordinary backyard sheds into unique personal spaces. \n6 | 6 | \"Happily Ever Crafter\" | September 4, 2018 (2018-09-04) | N/A \nThe final three makers must transform a real couple's wedding into an amazing handcrafted experience. For the faster craft challenge, the makers make one-of-kind cake toppers. For the master craft challenge, they must create wedding ceremony backdrops and handmade wedding gifts. Amy, Nick, and the judges award the title of Master Maker to the competition winner. \n On March 7, 2018, NBC announced that the show will premiere on July 31, 2018. \n Making It \n--- \nGenre | Reality competition \nPresented by | \n\n * Amy Poehler \n * Nick Offerman \n\n \nJudges | \n\n * Dayna Isom Johnson \n * Simon Doonan \n\n \nCountry of origin | United States \nOriginal language (s) | English \nNo. of seasons | \nNo. of episodes | 6 \nProduction \nExecutive producer (s) | \n\n * Amy Poehler \n * Nick Offerman \n * Brooke Posch \n * Nicolle Yaron \n * Dave Becky \n * Anthony Dominici \n\n \nProduction company (s) | Universal Television Alternative Studio Paper Kite Productions 3 Arts Entertainment \nDistributor | NBCUniversal Television Distribution \nRelease \nOriginal network | NBC \nOriginal release | July 31, 2018 (2018-07-31)–present (present) \nExternal links \nWebsite \n On August 21, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a second season. \n Name | Age | Occupation | Residence \n---|---|---|--- \nAmber Kemp-Gerstel | 37 | Craft Blogger | Miami, Florida \nBilly Kheel | 43 | Felt Artist | Los Angeles, California \nJeffery \"Jeff\" Rudell | 54 | Paper Crafter | New York, NY \nJemma Olson | 60 | Hodge Podge Crafter | Rockwall, Texas \nJoanna \"Jo\" Gick | 37 | Interior Designer | Chandler, Arizona \nKhiem Nguyen | 28 | Woodworker | Austin, Texas \nNicole Sweeney | 31 | Woodworker | San Francisco, California \nRobert Mahar | 46 | Designer & Maker | Los Angeles, California \n (FAST) The Contestant won that episode's Faster Craft Challenge. \n (WIN) The Contestant won that episode's Master Craft Challenge. \n (OUT) The Contestant was eliminated from the competition. \n (SAFE) The Contestant won neither the Faster Craft Challenge nor Master Craft Challenge, and they were not eliminated. \n (WINNER) The Contestant was named Master Maker. \n Episode | Title | First air date | Timeslot (EDT) | Rating (18–49) | Share (18–49) | Viewers (millions) | Nightly Rank | Weekly Rank \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| \"Meet Your Makers\" | July 31, 2018 | Tuesday 10:00 p.m. | 1.1 | 5 | 5.19 | | 13 \n| \"Home Sweet Home\" | August 7, 2018 | 0.9 | 5 | 4.15 | | 18 \n| \"Party Time!\" | August 14, 2018 | 0.9 | 5 | 3.81 | | 22 \n| \"All of the Holidays at Once\" | August 21, 2018 | 0.9 | 5 | 3.73 | | N/A \n5 | \"Inside Out\" | August 28, 2018 | 0.8 | | 3.66 | | 19 \n6 | \"Happily Ever Crafter\" | September 4, 2018 | 0.7 | | 3.51 | | N/A \n In October, 2017, NBC announced that the show would be called Making It and two of the show's judges, Dayna Isom Johnson and Simon Doonan, were also announced. \n On March 28, 2017, it was announced that NBC had straight-to-series ordered the unscripted \"Crafts Competition Reality Series\" with the working title, The Handmade Project from Amy Poehler's Paper Kite Productions. It was also announced that it would be hosted by Poehler and Nick Offerman. \n Faster Craft Winner | Robert | Amber | Robert | Khiem | Khiem | Jo \n---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \nEpisode | | | | | 5 | 6 \nKhiem | SAFE | SAFE | WIN | FAST | FAST | WINNER \nJo | WIN | SAFE | SAFE | SAFE | WIN | FAST \nAmber | SAFE | FAST | SAFE | WIN | SAFE | OUT \nBilly | SAFE | WIN | SAFE | SAFE | OUT | \nRobert | FAST | SAFE | FAST | OUT | \nNicole | SAFE | SAFE | OUT | \nJeff | SAFE | OUT | \nJemma | OUT | \n * Dayna Isom Johnson \n * Simon Doonan" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Alis Lesley Alis Lesley (born Alice Lesley, April 20, 1938) is an American former rockabilly singer, once billed as \"the female Elvis Presley.\" Lesley was born in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Her family later moved to Phoenix, Arizona, where she attended Phoenix Junior College. She majored in television and radio, and began singing rockabilly while a student. She was discovered by Kathryn Godfrey, a popular Phoenix television personality and the sister of Arthur Godfrey. With Ms. Godfrey's help, Lesley became a local favorite following her appearances on television station KTVK and in local night clubs. Lesley achieved brief national celebrity with the 1957 release of her Era single, \"He Will Come Back to Me\" b/w \"Heartbreak Harry\" (Era Records 45-1034). Lesley's stage persona as \"The Female Elvis Presley\" included a guitar slung around her neck, greased-back hair, and combed-down sideburns. She toured Australia in October 1957 with Little Richard, Eddie Cochran, Gene Vincent and local rocker Johnny O'Keefe. The tour was cut short when Richard underwent a \"religious experience\" and he retired from rock and roll for several years. Alis Lesley Alis Lesley (born Alice Lesley, April 20, 1938) is an American former rockabilly singer, once billed as \"the female" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "La Padania La Padania was an Italian daily newspaper, and the official press organ of the political party Lega Nord. \"La Padania\" was the official newspaper of Northern League of Umberto Bossi founded in 1997 by Davide Caparini and directed by Gianluca Marchi (both coming from 'L'Indipendente' of Vittorio Feltri and Daniele Vimercati). It was delivered daily to newsstands and homes in Northern Italy since 8 January 1997. The paper was the official organ of the right-wing party Lega Nord. The 2009 circulation of \"La Padania\" was 60,000 copies. Due to financial difficulties, publication of the daily newspaper was suspended on 1 December 2014. La Padania La Padania was an Italian daily newspaper, and the official press organ of the political party Lega Nord. \"La Padania\" was the official newspaper of Northern League of Umberto Bossi founded in 1997 by Davide Caparini and directed by Gianluca Marchi (both coming from 'L'Indipendente' of Vittorio Feltri and Daniele Vimercati). It was delivered daily to newsstands and homes in Northern Italy since 8 January 1997. The paper was the official organ of the right-wing party Lega Nord. The 2009 circulation of \"La Padania\" was 60,000 copies. Due to financial difficulties, publication of the" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Franz Josef Radermacher Franz Josef Radermacher is a German mathematician and economist. He is Professor of Informatics at Ulm University. He is one of the co-founders of the Global Marshall Plan Initiative that suggests a socio-ecological plan to eradicate poverty, increasing global wealth while protecting natural resources. Radermacher earned a PhD in Mathematics from RWTH Aachen in 1974. He earned a second PhD in Economics from the University of Karlsruhe in 1976. From 1983 till 1987, Radermacher was Professor for Applied Computer Science at the University of Passau. Since 1987 he is Professor for Artificial Intelligence and Databases at the University of Ulm. From 1988 till 1992 he was the President of the Society for Mathematics, Economics and Operations Research. Radermacher is an authority in the fields of globalization, innovation, overpopulation and global sustainable development. He was awarded the Planetary Consciousness Prize in 2004 by the Club of Budapest. FJ Radermacher: The Importance of Metaknowledge for Environmental Information Systems, Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Advances in Spatial Databases RH Möhring, R Müller and FJ Radermacher: Advanced DSS for scheduling: software engineering aspects and the role of Eigenmodels, Annals of Operations Research RH Mohring, FJ Radermacher: Introduction to stochastic scheduling problems, Contributions to operations research R Kalakota, FJ Radermacher: Electronic commerce: building blocks of new business opportunity, Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce M Bartusch, RH Mohring, FJ Radermacher: M-Machine Unit Time Scheduling: A Report on Ongoing Research, Lecture notes in economics and mathematical systems O Günther, FJ Radermacher, WF Riekert: Environmental monitoring: Models, methods, and systems, Environmental Informatics FJ Radermacher: Global Marshall Plan:: a Planetary Contract, [globalmarshallplan.org Global Marshall Plan] T Schauer, FJ Radermacher: The Challenge of the Digital Divide: Promoting a Global Society Dialogue, University of Ulm Publishing Group Franz Josef Radermacher Franz Josef Radermacher is" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Semnan, Iran Semnan (; , also Romanized as Semnān and Samnān) is the capital city of Semnan Province, Iran. Its population was 153,680 people and 36,298 families as of the 2011 census. Semnan is located 216 kilometers east of Tehran in north central Iran. It is home to Semnani languages and is known as \"Seman\" locally. The city offer various recreational activities, historical and religious sites, festivals, gardens and parks, colleges and universities, and Semnani culture. The city serves as the cultural and political capital of the Semnan Province. The city's main souvenirs are daffodil flowers, Shirmal pastry, Kolüçe cookies, kilim rugs, and shortbread. There are several theories which seek to explain the origin of the name \"Semnan\". The city of Semnan is situated at 1,138 metres above sea level just south of the foothills of the Alborz Mountains, bordering the Kavir Desert to the south of the city. However, the Golrudbar river, which begins to the north of Shahmirzad, and other creeks have historically provided a reliable supply of water for a civil establishment; irregation methods since ancient times have allowed the people of Semnan to drink clean water, to raise livestock such as cattle and sheep, and to adopt agricultural practices. Unlike modern day Tehran, the city of Semnan is relatively flat. Semnan has a hot desert climate (\"BWh\") according to the Köppen climate classification. The city of Semnan enjoys the traditional four seasons of spring, summer, winter, and autumn each year. The rain season starts in December and lasts all the way into May, however, precipitation throughout the winter months generally falls in the form of light snow, and the rest of the precipitation throughout the rain season is generally very light to moderate. During some winters, moisture-abundant blizzards make their way down from the Alborz mountains from the north of the city and dump several centimeters of snow in a single twenty-four-hour period. These blizzards force the closure of the airport, schools, small streets, and alleyways. As a result of the city's position in a semi-arid plain, many winter days are dominated by a cold and gusty wind that often produces a potent windchill factor which makes the city feel much colder than the actual air temperature. According to Iranian Meteorology reports, Semnan experiences around 48 days in which the temperature falls below freezing each year. Spring is characterized by mild to warm day temperatures and cold to cool nights along with a reduction in precipitation as the season transitions into Summer. Summer is often characterized by hot daily temperatures and warm nights. Summer months remain dry with trace amounts of rainfall. Occasionally, moisture from the Caspian Sea files through the Alborz mountains; the updraft of warm and moist air up the high mountain sides produces partly cloudy skies dominated by cumulus clouds. With the right amounts of heat and moisture, thunderstorms may develop during the afternoon and evening hours. Though the amount of precipitation is light, these thunderstorms often produce strong and gusty winds with frequent lightning strikes. Autumn is also a transitional season in which the daily temperatures range from hot to cool along with cool nights. </div> The city of Semnan has historically been one of the fourteen civil establishments of the ancient, Avesta-era province of \"Vern.\" Semnan remained an important city throughout the era of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. After the invasion of Alexander the Great, which resulted in the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, and the establishment of the Seleucid Empire, the region which hosts the city of Semnan became known as Komesh. The beginning of the prosperous era of the city arrived with the rise of the Arsacid Dynasty of Parthia. The Parthians are an Iranian people. The Arsacid Dynasty of Parthia was very interested in the importing of Hellenism, or Greek culture. This resulted in the pioneering of sculpting and other forms of Western art in the city of Semnan. One of the capital cities of the Parthian Empire was Hecatompylos, and its ruins and numerous historical sites remain between the modern day city of Semnan and Damghan. With the fall of the Parthian Empire, and the rise of the Persian Sassanid Empire, Zoroastrianism was chosen as the state religion, and the city of Semnan was once again brought under the reign of Persian customs and traditions. After the Muslim conquest of Persia, the religion of Islam was established within the city of Semnan. Though, unlike modern day Semnan, the people of the city originally practiced Sunni Islam, similar to the rest of early Islamic Persia. However, the institution of Sunni Islam did not last very long. The Alavids of Tabaristan had established a Shi'a Islamic emirate and upon conquering Semnan, brought the Zaidi Shi'a sect of Islam. Then, in the year 427 AH, the Seljuq Turks invaded and devastated the city. Nevertheless, it was the very Seljuq Turks that built many of the historical monuments and infrastructure of medieval Semnan. As the Seljuq Empire grew weak, the Abbasids managed to reconquer and assert their sovereignty over Persia. The people of Semnan suffered severely under the Abbasid Caliphate. It is possible that the years of Abbasid rule traumatized the people of Semnan, and even to this day, the Semnani people despise the color black because of its utilization for the black flags of the Abbasid Caliphate. The Abbasid rule was ended by the brutal, devastating invasion of the Mongols in the year of 618 AH. The Mongol hordes massacred the people and burnt much of the city to the ground. Semnan would not recover until the rise of the Turco-Persian Safavid Dynasty. The Safavids brought the Twelver Shi'ism sect of Islam to Semnan, and contributed to the reconstruction of the city. With the rise of the Qajar dynasty, historical Semnan witnessed great strides of progress in her economical, cultural, infrastructural, and political sectors. The very tribe that rose into becoming the Qajar dynasty was based in the mountainous terrain between the modern day provinces of Semnan, Mazandaran, and Golestan. The Qajars turned Semnan into a civil fortress, from which they controlled the major trade route to their capital in Tehran and the holy city of Mashad. Semnan was proclaimed as Dar ol-Hokumah, or The Dominion of Government for the historical state of Qomess, roughly occupying the same boundaries as the modern day Semnan Province. In addition to infrastructural growth, some Qajar royals built their castles in the city. Semnan was also an important medical center for members of the Qajar Imperial Family and was home to many notable physicians and doctors of the era. Throughout much of the Qajar era, Semnan operated under a feudalistic model organized as listed below: Qajar Prince Nobility & Clergy Merchants, Skilled Craftsmen, Herbalists & Medical Physicians Soldiers House Servants Farmers & General Labor Force Social Misfits (the insane, mentally-ill, criminals, physically maimed or deformed) The Pahlavi era marked the transition of Semnan into the industrial era. Semnan's original loyalty to the Qajar dynasty and the city's importance under the Qajars prompted a lot of anti-Pahlavi sentiment with the rise of Reza Shah. Reza Shah Pahlavi's government began the immediate construction of modern infrastructure and paved roads throughout the city, however, this called for the destruction of the citadel of Semnan and the artistic monuments of the Qajars. Upon attempting to destroy the Gate of Semnan, the locals chained themselves to the building and stopped its destruction. Many prominent families in Semnan were also restricted from attaining high political posts as a result of their previous connection with and service to the Qajar Imperial Family. This resulted in the exodus of many prominent Semnani families to Tehran during the early Pahlavi era. Despite the tension and confrontation, the", "and the city's importance under the Qajars prompted a lot of anti-Pahlavi sentiment with the rise of Reza Shah. Reza Shah Pahlavi's government began the immediate construction of modern infrastructure and paved roads throughout the city, however, this called for the destruction of the citadel of Semnan and the artistic monuments of the Qajars. Upon attempting to destroy the Gate of Semnan, the locals chained themselves to the building and stopped its destruction. Many prominent families in Semnan were also restricted from attaining high political posts as a result of their previous connection with and service to the Qajar Imperial Family. This resulted in the exodus of many prominent Semnani families to Tehran during the early Pahlavi era. Despite the tension and confrontation, the Pahlavi dynasty was successful in transforming Semnan into a more modern city. Throughout the early Pahlavi era, Semnan experienced several rounds of extreme drought, famine, crop devastation, and poverty. Prominent Semnani language poets such as Nosratollah Nouhian encouraged the Farmers and General Labor class to rise up and demand their rights from the unjust, well-fed landlords who were carelessly watching the very farmers who grew the food starve and deteriorate into ruin and agony: \"Patience and contentment is no more, rise up!\" \"Oppression and atrociousness shall be no more, rise up!\" ―Nosratollah Nouhian Due to the relatively small size of Semnan when compared to other major Iranian cities such as Tehran, Tabriz, and Mashad, Semnan's rich historical monuments and scholarly figures are often forgotten. The following are some of the city's historical sites and places of interest: Semnan's proximity to the Kavir Desert has provided the city with the opportunity to construct numerous facilities in order to cope with the dry climate. As a result, Semnan has numerous ancient, traditional irregation systems known as qanat. In addition, the roofs of many buildings are decorated with windcatchers known in Persian as badgir. These badgirs were normally attached to a small cistern of drinking water known in Persian as Ab Anbar. These ancient, traditional, and clever designs and systems helped Semnan grow and prosper before the introduction of modern plumbing and appliances. Within the vicinity of the city, ancient caravanserais from the active era of the historic and legendary Silk Road can be found. The city of Semnan has traditionally been an important center of commerce along the historical Silk Road, and is still an important agricultural, industrial, and cultural center today. The production of textiles and carpets were the most important industries in the history of the city. But nowadays, in relation to its population, Semnan has very powerful industrial sectors, with special regards to its automobile industry (cars and bikes). Another major industry is the production of cement from the nearby cement plants. The mountains and foothills around Semnan also hold major deposits of minerals used in the production of plaster; these mines are known in Persian as \"ma'dan e gach\". Other minerals that are mined around the city consist of gypsum, salts, zeolite, bentonite, and celestine. Some heavy industries of Semnan consist of the Iran Khodro Semnan Production Plant (producing 100,000 Samand cars per year), Oqab Afshan Production Plant (largest bus production plant in the region of Asia), the Semnan Sodium Carbonate Company (largest in the region of Asia), and the Semnan Rolling Mills Group (major producer of piping and profiles). One of the largest industrial zone in the city is the Semnan Industrial Town, which features 2,100 hectares of land and 900 industrial units. Agricultural traditions still persist around and within the city of Semnan. The Golrudbar river, which starts in the Alborz mountains in the north, runs through the western side of the city. With proper irregation, the municipality has managed to convert the entire southwestern portion of the city into green and lush pomegranate gardens. Around the city, further irregation of the Golrudbar river and the surrounding creeks and tributaries have provided the proper environment for the cultivation of herbs, eggplants, potatoes, walnuts, and cotton. Semnan also produces handwoven rugs called \"Glim\". These rugs consist of naturally dyed wools, woven into beautiful tribal and local designs. Majority of the city dwellers are Persians. Older Semnan was made up of four main districts: Shaji (Shahjoo), Naasaar, Latibaar and Espanjon (Esfanjan). These four districts still exist today, but the city has grown and become much larger including some new districts. To the west of the city is \"Maleh\" which used to be a separate settlement but was not a part of Semnan. In the local language the inhabitants are known as Malezh. \"Maleh\" consists of three parts: Koery (Kodivar), Koshmeni (Kushmaqaan) and Zaveni (Zavaqaan). \"Maleh\" is now part of Semnan. As a result of the Qajar dynasty's heavy influence on the city of Semnan, especially under Fath Ali Shah's reign, some families in Semnan can trace their lineage back to the Qajar dynasty. Furthermore, much of the city's most important monuments have been built under Turkic dynasties. For example, the Jame' Mosque of Semnan, constructed nearly 1,000 years ago, was built by the Seljuq dynasty. The famous Imam Mosque, originally known as Soltani Mosque, was constructed by the Qajar dynasty. The Gate of Semman, or Arg e Semnan, which is the representative symbol of the city of Semnan, was also constructed by the Qajar dynasty. Many other historical sites within the city and the surrounding villages demonstrate a strong Turkic and Ilkhanate influence in their architectural designs. Also, much of the city's \"Sayyid\" population tends to descend from the Alavids of the Caspian region to the north of the province. The people of the city of Semnan are almost all entirely Shi'a Muslim. The Shi'a Islamic faith dominates the culture, norms, traditions, and beliefs of the city, and continues to dictate the style of life in city. As a result, the celebrations, rituals, and days of religious mourning play a major role in the life of a Semnani city dweller, and are for some families, more important that the national Iranian customs and holidays. The majority of the people of Semnan observe Shi'a Islam quite conservatively; hence, the martyrdom and birthdays of Shi'a Imams are very important days on the calendar. Muharram is the first month of the Islamic Calendar, and also the month which marks the brutal and tragic martyrdom of the third Shi'a Imam, Imam Hussein and 72 members of his household. The people of Semnan observe Muharram and the overall 50 days of mourning by refraining from worldly pleasures, such as music and joyful gatherings, wearing dark clothes to show intimate grief, and participating in outdoor rallies consisting of massive mourning accompanied by sorrowful chants which recall the events of the tragedy in Karbala, the place of Imam Hussein's martyrdom. In addition, the mournings on the tenth day of Muharram, known as Ashura, consist of self-flagellation rituals in which the participants attempt to symbolically inflict pain upon themselves. Another major event held in Semnan during the month of Muharram is the reenactment of the tragedy of Karbala. Participating locals would wear the armor and clothing of the armies of Imam Hussein and his enemies, as well as decorating the local horses in the cavalry uniform of the era. Thus, the battle would be reenacted. During this month's sorrowful rituals, it is custom to cook a community meal (usually a stew). This is done by placing colossal cauldrons outside upon a source of heat, then, people would take turns stirring the stew until it is ready to be consumed by the community's mourners. The celebrations of Nowrouz are slightly different in the city of Semnan. Since the beginning of the Iranian (Islamic) solar month of \"Esfand\", a man", "to symbolically inflict pain upon themselves. Another major event held in Semnan during the month of Muharram is the reenactment of the tragedy of Karbala. Participating locals would wear the armor and clothing of the armies of Imam Hussein and his enemies, as well as decorating the local horses in the cavalry uniform of the era. Thus, the battle would be reenacted. During this month's sorrowful rituals, it is custom to cook a community meal (usually a stew). This is done by placing colossal cauldrons outside upon a source of heat, then, people would take turns stirring the stew until it is ready to be consumed by the community's mourners. The celebrations of Nowrouz are slightly different in the city of Semnan. Since the beginning of the Iranian (Islamic) solar month of \"Esfand\", a man dressed in red with a charcoal-blackened face known as Hajji Firuz sits on top of a wooden horse, decorated with beautiful textiles, in the bazaars of Semnan. He congratulates the people and takes part in the establishment of the holiday environment. He sings in the Semnani language: \"arbaab e mani somboli baleikom, arbaab e mani sarbalaayii hei kon, arbaab e mani bozboz e qandi, arbaab e mani chera nemikhandi\". As the celebrations approach the Nowrouz, many celebrators blacken their faces with charcoal and join the celebrations. Another interesting aspect of the Nowrouz celebrations are the massive gatherings of the womenfolk in which they make covenants with God to cook large batches of samanu for the poor. The people of Semnan have many foods and dishes that are specific to Semnan. Some of the common ingredients used in Semnani dishes consist of pomegranate extracts, fresh walnuts from Shahmirzad (şômırzé), a variety of greens and herbs known in Persian as \"sabzijat\", and more recently, potatoes. Semnani food tends to be slightly sour and spicey when compared to the general culinary preferences of Tehran. In fact, there is an old proverb among the local people that says, \"Semnan has so many foods, that a wife from this city can cook a different dish for every night of the year.\" Some of the famous dishes are: Chelo Gousht, Sabzi polo, and Khoresht e Esfanaj va Gerdou (espenôj vu yüz). The Semnani people are also quite fond of a variety of breads such as shirmal, shortbread (kamôç), and Kolüçe pastries. In the Semnani language, bread that is baked in an oven is referred to as \"nün,\" while bread made by other means is referred to as \"sôdjí.\" The following are the names of some foods in English and Semnani: chicken (gırká), pomegranate (nôr), grapes (engír), cucumber (djürüng), walnut (yüz), eggplant (vıngun), and apricot (şillık). The Persian language is the official language of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and thus within the city of Semnan. Every literate person in Semnan knows how to communicate in the Persian language. The city also has its own language known as \"Zaban e Semnani\" in Persian or \"Semani Zefön\" in the Semnani language of the locals. The Iranian Constitution recognizes the use of regional dialects and languages, and permits their usage second to the Persian language. According to the book \"Dictionary of Semnan Ancient Dialect\", Semnan traditionally has had its own language. The book collected more than 12,000 words belonging to this language. The local people call their language \"Semani\". Most of the older generations and some among the younger generations of the city still know and maintain communication in this language. However, the majority of the younger generations do not communicate in \"Semani\" as a result of schooling and education in Persian. Poetry is the most important form of literature in the city of Semnan, especially in terms of its cultural value. Semnani people have contributed greatly to their poetry; they use poetry to express their emotions, philosophies, politics, etc., as well as to preserve the native Semani language. Other poetic works tend to be about God and nature. Also, many books have been published full of traditional poetry. Perhaps the most famous is \"Nanén Hıkôtí\", or \"Mom's Sayings\". Two famous Semnani poets are Zabihullah Andaliba and Rahim Me`marian. The following is an excerpt from a poem about Spring, by Rahim Me`marian, in the Semnani language, along with an English translation: \"The Season of Spring has arrived\"... \"It sways (the emotions) of the heart\", \"It spreads across the meadows and the desert\"... \"A velvet-like green\". -\"Rahim Me`marian\" There are countless short stories that belong to the Semnani language. Similar to poetry, short stories account for a major section of the literature of Semnan. Due to the previous, little use of orthography, the Semnani language was not able to produce any large single story or novel. Nevertheless, short stories were created to both record history and entertain. These short stories were passed on generation after generation, and have now been recently recorded in books. One famous short story is \"frônsé shô vu rüá,\" or \"(The) French King and (the) Cat.\" The city of Semnan receives all the nationwide stations broadcast by IRIB. In addition to the nationwide channels, Semnan is the broadcasting location of Semnan TV, the provincial television station. Semnan TV has made several great achievements in the film and documentary fields. One notable documentary is that of the life of Ali Akbar Moallem Damghani, a famous Islamic scholar and mystic. Because of the wide variety of dialects spoken throughout the Semnan Province, all of Semnan TV's main broadcasting is in the Persian language in order to avoid the unfair advancement of the city's own dialect. This policy has angered a significant portion of the population which remains deeply concerned with regards to the deteriorating state of the Semnani language altogether. Similar to television, the city of Semnan receives all the national radio frequencies broadcast by IRIB. Due to Semnan's status as the provincial capital, Radio Semnan is based in the city and broadcasts for the entire Semnan Province. Radio Semnan first began to operate in 1976 with the utilization of 10 kilowatts. A few years after the Islamic Revolution, Radio Semnan underwent a major expansion in the year 1981. This provided a variety of broadcasting, i.e. religious, political, recent events, cultural, etc., as well as increasing the broadcasting duration up to fifteen hours per day. Today, Radio Semnan is an important media asset for the entire Semnan Province, and serves as a major source of reliable information and discussions from a wide variety of topics. According to the representative of Radio Semnan, Abdulreza Dehrouye, \"the variety of regional dialects, the strategic geographical location, the good climate, the contributions of the educated elite, the centers of industry and mineral extraction, the various university complexes, the massive labor force, and the highly literate and educated municipal population are all contributing factors into establishing the framework of the great and spiritual network Radio Semnan offers today.\" Furthermore, Radio Semnan is unique in offering broadcast time in which residents may call in and engage in direct dialogue with city representatives and officials. This provides the people as well as city officials the opportunity to address general public concerns and discuss future plans. In addition to the numerous nationwide newspapers such as \"hamshahri\" and \"Jomhuri ye Eslami\", Semnan publishes many of its own newspapers as well as newspapers for other major cities throughout the Semnan Province. These newspapers consist of: The city's extensive online newspaper can be accessed at www.semnannews.com. The Islamic Republic News Agency also features a provincial news outlet dedicated to the Semnan Province. The city is served by both the Semnan Municipal Airport and New Semnan Airport . The city is served by the Semnan Railway Station, which features double rails and services to the major cities of Tehran", "with city representatives and officials. This provides the people as well as city officials the opportunity to address general public concerns and discuss future plans. In addition to the numerous nationwide newspapers such as \"hamshahri\" and \"Jomhuri ye Eslami\", Semnan publishes many of its own newspapers as well as newspapers for other major cities throughout the Semnan Province. These newspapers consist of: The city's extensive online newspaper can be accessed at www.semnannews.com. The Islamic Republic News Agency also features a provincial news outlet dedicated to the Semnan Province. The city is served by both the Semnan Municipal Airport and New Semnan Airport . The city is served by the Semnan Railway Station, which features double rails and services to the major cities of Tehran (Westward) and Mashad (Eastward). In addition to services to Tehran and Mashad, there are separate railway services to the cities of Garmsar, Shahrud, Damghan, Meyami, and Sorkheh, all within the Province of Semnan. The Semnan Railway Station features modern electric rail services as well. The city is further served by the Semnan Municipal Train system which connects the major points of the city by rail. This train service resembles the light rail transit systems that serve several cities throughout the Western world. Semnan also offers an extensive bus route throughout the entire municipality as well as numerous public and private taxi services. Similar to most cities in Iran, Semnan has a particular taxi service referred to in Persian as \"agence.\" This originally French word is used to denote taxis that arrive at the individual's place of residence and provide service to the individual's destination. This form of service varies from the regular taxi services in Semnan, which only operate on pre-assigned routes. Around 99% of all of Semnan's residents are literate. As a result, many residents seek higher education and high level services such as medical, pharmacological, and high-tech engineering professions. Some of the major centers of higher education are as followed: The University of Industry of Semnan is another planned, future university. Semnan, Iran" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Alastair J Macdonald Dr Alastair Macdonald is a Scottish historian. He is the Mackie Lecturer in History at the University of Aberdeen. His field of research is Scotland-England relations during the late medieval period (1369-1403), particularly the development of \"Frontier societies\" and Scotland's place in the wider world during this period. His current research is “to examine the nature and impact of war on state and society in later medieval Scotland”. He is also a deeply respected and talented cricketer famed for being a combative fast bowling all rounder playing mainly for Aberdeen Grammar School FPs. He once famously claimed a hat trick to defeat Inverurie and has regularly made important contributions with bat and ball and is viewed as a top 1st slip by many. Despite being hampered by injury in recent seasons, MacDonald has still managed to pile on runs in the lower leagues and remains a much feared opponent. Alastair J Macdonald Dr Alastair Macdonald is a Scottish historian. He is the Mackie Lecturer in History at the University of Aberdeen. His field of research is Scotland-England relations during the late medieval period (1369-1403), particularly the development of \"Frontier societies\" and Scotland's place in the wider world" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Defamiliarization Defamiliarization or ostranenie () is the artistic technique of presenting to audiences common things in an unfamiliar or strange way in order to enhance perception of the familiar. According to (De Guzman, 2016), Defamiliarization of that which is or has become familiar or taken for granted, hence automatically perceived, is the basic function of all devices. And with defamiliarization come both the slowing down and the increased difficulty (impeding) of the process of reading and comprehending and an awareness of the artistic procedures (devices) causing them. (Margolin 2005) The term \"defamiliarization\" was first coined in 1917 by Viktor Shklovsky in his essay \"Art as Device\" (alternate translation: \"Art as Technique\") (Crawford 209). Shklovsky invented the term as a means to \"distinguish poetic from practical language on the basis of the former's perceptibility\" (Crawford 209). Essentially, he is stating that poetic language is fundamentally different than the language that we use every day because it is more difficult to understand: \"Poetic speech is \"formed speech\". Prose is ordinary speech – economical, easy, proper, the goddess of prose [\"dea prosae\"] is a goddess of the accurate, facile type, of the \"direct\" expression of a child\" (Shklovsky 20). This difference is the key to the creation of art and the prevention of \"over-automatization,\" which causes an individual to \"function as though by formula\" (Shklovsky 16). This distinction between artistic language and everyday language, for Shklovsky, applies to all artistic forms: The purpose of art is to impart the sensation of things as they are perceived and not as they are known. The technique of art is to make objects ‘unfamiliar,' to make forms difficult to increase the difficulty and length of perception because the process of perception is an aesthetic end in itself and must be prolonged. (Shklovsky 16) Thus, defamiliarization serves as a means to force individuals to recognize artistic language: In studying poetic speech in its phonetic and lexical structure as well as in its characteristic distribution of words and in the characteristic thought structures compounded from the words, we find everywhere the artistic trademark – that is, we find material obviously created to remove the automatism of perception; the author's purpose is to create the vision which results from that deautomatized perception. A work is created \"artistically\" so that its perception is impeded and the greatest possible effect is produced through the slowness of the perception. (Shklovsky 19) This technique is meant to be especially useful in distinguishing poetry from prose, for, as Aristotle said, \"poetic language must appear strange and wonderful\" (Shklovsky 19). To illustrate what he means by defamiliarization, Shklovsky uses examples from Tolstoy, whom he cites as using the technique throughout his works: \"The narrator of 'Kholstomer,' for example, is a horse, and it is the horse's point of view (rather than a person's) that makes the content of the story seem unfamiliar\" (Shklovsky 16). As a Russian Formalist, many of Shklovsky's examples use Russian authors and Russian dialects: \"And currently Maxim Gorky is changing his diction from the old literary language to the new literary colloquialism of Leskov. Ordinary speech and literary language have thereby changed places (see the work of Vyacheslav Ivanov and many others)\" (Shklovsky 19-20). Defamiliarization also includes the use of foreign languages within a work. At the time that Shklovsky was writing, there was a change in the use of language in both literature and everyday spoken Russian. As Shklovsky puts it: \"Russian literary language, which was originally foreign to Russia, has so permeated the language of the people that it has blended with their conversation. On the other hand, literature has now begun to show a tendency towards the use of dialects and/or barbarisms\" (Shklovsky 19). Shklovsky's defamiliarization can also be compared to Jacques Derrida's concept of différance: What Shklovskij wants to show is that the operation of defamiliarization and its consequent perception in the literary system is like the winding of a watch (the introduction of energy into a physical system): both \"originate\" difference, change, value, motion, presence. Considered against the general and functional background of Derridian différance, what Shklovskij calls \"perception\" can be considered a matrix for production of difference. (Crawford 212) Since the term différance refers to the dual meanings of the French word difference to mean both \"to differ\" and \"to defer\", defamiliarization draws attention to the use of common language in such a way as to alter one's perception of an easily understandable object or concept. The use of defamiliarization both differs and defers, since the use of the technique alters one's perception of a concept (to defer), and forces one to think about the concept in different, often more complex, terms (to differ). Shklovskij's formulations negate or cancel out the existence/possibility of a \"real\" perception: variously, by (1) the familiar Formalist denial of a link between literature and life, connoting their status as non-communicating vessels, (2) always, as if compulsively, referring to a real experience in terms of empty, dead, and automatized repetition and recognition, and (3) implicitly locating real perception at an unspecifiable temporally anterior and spatially other place, at a mythic \"first time\" of naïve experience, the loss of which to automatization is to be restored by aesthetic perceptual fullness. (Crawford 218) The influence of Russian Formalism on twentieth-century art and culture is largely due to the literary technique of defamiliarization or ‘making strange’, and has also been linked to Freud’s notion of the uncanny. In \"Das Unheimliche\" (\"The Uncanny\"), Freud states that “the uncanny is that class of the frightening which leads back to what is known of old and long familiar,” however, this is not a fear of the unknown, but more of a feeling about something being both strange and familiar (220). The connection between \"ostranenie\" and the uncanny can be seen where Freud muses on the technique of literary uncanniness: “It is true that the writer creates a kind of uncertainty in us in the beginning by not letting us know, no doubt purposely, whether he is taking us into the real world or into a purely fantastic one of his own creation” (230). When “the writer pretends to move in the world of common reality,” they can situate supernatural events, such as the animation of inanimate objects, in the quotidian, day-to-day reality of the modern world, defamiliarizing the reader and provoking an uncanny feeling (250). The technique appears in English Romantic poetry, particularly in the poetry of Wordsworth, and was defined in the following way by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, in his \"Biographia Literaria\": \"To carry on the feelings of childhood into the powers of manhood; to combine the child's sense of wonder and novelty with the appearances which every day for perhaps forty years had rendered familiar ... this is the character and privilege of genius.\" In more recent times, it has been associated with the poet and playwright Bertolt Brecht, whose Verfremdungseffekt (\"estrangement effect\") was a potent element of his approach to theater. In fact, as Willett points out, Verfremdungseffekt is \"a translation of the Russian critic Viktor Shklovskij's phrase 'Priem Ostranenija', or 'device for making strange'\". Brecht, in turn, has been highly influential for artists and filmmakers including Jean-Luc Godard and Yvonne Rainer. Defamiliarization Defamiliarization" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Haitian American Sugar Company Haitian American Sugar Company, S.A. (HASCO) was an American business venture which sought to produce and sell sugar and other goods in Haiti and the United States. The company was registered with a capital of five million dollars on 5 August 1912 in Wilmington, Delaware, by Charles Steinheim, John A. Christie, and Franck Corpay. Hasco's operation was threatened by political turmoil in Haiti in the years leading up to 1915. The danger to HASCO and other American business interests in Haiti was one of the factors which led to the U.S. Marine invasion of the country in 1915 and the continued U.S. occupation until 1934. In 1987, the company closed, citing smuggling of sugar from the Dominican Republic which did not pay a government tax and made domestic sugar uncompetitive. At the time of the closing, Hasco was Haiti's second largest employer with 3,500 workers at the Port-au-Prince refinery and 30-40,000 contracted cane farmers. Haitian American Sugar Company Haitian American Sugar Company, S.A. (HASCO) was an American business venture which sought to produce and sell sugar and other goods in Haiti and the United States. The company was registered with a capital of five million dollars" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Jim Hansen (Idaho politician) James Duncan Hansen (born November 5, 1959) is an American attorney, Ada County Highway District Commissioner and former Democratic politician from Idaho. He was the 2006 Democratic nominee for Congress in Idaho's 2nd district, but was defeated by four-term incumbent Mike Simpson. Hansen was elected to the Ada County Highway District in 2012 and served a four-year term. Hansen attended grade school in Idaho Falls, then moved with his family in 1969 to Arlington, Virginia. His father, Orval Hansen, was elected to Congress in 1968 as a Republican from Idaho's 2nd district, and served three terms. Hansen is a 1982 graduate of the College of William and Mary and earned a J.D. from the University of Idaho College of Law in 1985. While in school, Hansen worked as a ranger and naturalist in Yellowstone National Park. Hansen began his legal career as an intern for state attorney general Jim Jones in 1984. He was a law clerk for Chief Justice Charles Donaldson of the Idaho Supreme Court from 1985 to 1986 and practiced law with Givens Pursley from 1985 to 1991, focusing primarily on water and natural resource issues. Hansen was elected to the state legislature in 1988, representing southeast Boise, and was re-elected in 1990 and 1992. Hansen imposed his own term limits and voluntarily retired in 1994. In 1995 Hansen founded United Vision for Idaho, a coalition of organizations to empower participation in democracy and served as its first executive director. He took a sabbatical from that position during his run for the seat once held by his father, but returned to the coalition after the election in 2006. Hansen resigned from United Vision for Idaho in April 2008 upon being named executive director of the Idaho Democratic Party till 2010?. Hansen has been married to Joan Cartan-Hansen since 1990. They have two children. Hansen has one brother and five sisters; his mother, June, is a well-known actress in the Washington, D.C. area, who was awarded the prestigious Helen Hayes Award and been nominated several times. In 2012 Hansen was elected as a commissioner of the Ada County Highway District for east and south Boise and eastern Ada County. Jim Hansen (Idaho politician) James Duncan Hansen (born November 5, 1959) is an American attorney, Ada County Highway District Commissioner and former Democratic politician from Idaho. He was the 2006 Democratic nominee for Congress in" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Vytautas Kolesnikovas Vytautas Kolesnikovas (born September 25, 1948 in Alytus, Lithuania) is a painter, graphic artist, politician, and signatory of the 1990 Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. From 1968 to 1974 Kolesnikovas studied art in Moscow. After returning to Lithuania he worked at several regional firms in Alytus and presented his artwork at several exhibitions. In 1988 he joined activities of the Sąjūdis movement and was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR. Kolesnikovas was a member of the Commission of Science, Education, and Culture in the Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas. After the 1993 elections, he returned to Alytus and joined Department of Cultural Heritage. In 2008, after more than 20 years since last exhibition, Kolesnikovas organized a personal exhibition of his work in Alytus. Vytautas Kolesnikovas Vytautas Kolesnikovas (born September 25, 1948 in Alytus, Lithuania) is a painter, graphic artist, politician, and signatory of the 1990 Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. From 1968 to 1974 Kolesnikovas studied art in Moscow. After returning to Lithuania he worked at several regional firms in Alytus and presented his artwork at several exhibitions. In 1988 he joined activities of the Sąjūdis movement" ] }

{ "retrieved": [ "Khmer Special Forces The Khmer Special Forces, also designated 'Khmer SF' for short or Forces Speciales Khmères (FSK) in French, were the elite Special Operations unit of the Khmer National Armed Forces (commonly known by their French acronym, FANK) during the 1970-75 Cambodian Civil War. The history of the Khmer Special Forces began in October 1971, when the 1st Special Forces Group (Airborne) was organized at Phnom Penh under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel (later, Brigadier-General) Thach Reng. The Khmer SF were actually a creation of Lt. Col. Ronnie Mendoza, a Special Forces-qualified US Army officier assigned to the American Military Equipment Delivery Team, Cambodia (MEDTC) assistance program earlier in June 1971. A prominent member of the MEDTC’s Plans and Programs Section, Mendoza focused on providing the Cambodian Army unconventional warfare units capable of carrying out guerrilla operations in the northern and eastern Cambodian provinces under the control of both the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and their Khmer Rouge allies. Two other SF groups, the 2nd Special Forces Group (Airborne) and the 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne) were activated in the following year. Under the auspices of Operation “Freedom Runner” – a FANK training program set up in November 1971 by the United States Special Forces (USSF) –, Khmer Special Forces teams began to be sent to South Vietnam to attend Parachute courses at the ARVN Airborne Training Centre in Long Thành, and the Special Forces’ (SF) course at the Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces (LLDB) Dong Ba Thin Base Camp Training Centre near Cam Ranh Bay. Manned by the USSF Detachment B-51, assisted by New Zealand Army instructors from the 2nd NZ Army Training Team Vietnam (2 NZATTV) and modelled on the USSF/LLDB own training programs, the course began with four weeks of basic SF skills followed by training in one of six SF job skills: operations and intelligence, demolitions, light weapons, heavy weapons, radio communications, or medical. Other advanced additional courses included psychological warfare, political warfare, anti-tank warfare, and Taekwondo. A two-week ‘live-fire’ field exercise (sometimes complemented by a field operation against NVA/Vietcong (VC) forces in the surrounding areas of the training centre) completed the SF course. More specialised SF training was carried out in the United States and Thailand since December 1972. Khmer SF trainees attended technical courses at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, by the USSF 5th Special Forces Group and at the Royal Thai Army (RTA) Special Warfare Centre at Fort Narai, Lopburi Province by the US 46th Special Forces Company; additional Guerrilla and ‘Commando’ skills were taught by Thai instructors from the Royal Thai Army Special Forces (RTSF) and Royal Thai Police (RTP) Police Aerial Resupply Unit (PARU) at the latter’s Phitsanulok and Hua Hin training camps. Advanced Ranger/LRRP and radio communications’ courses also took place in early 1973 at the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) Recondo School at Nha Trang, South Vietnam, manned by the USSF Detachment B-36, and at the RTA Recondo School co-located at Ft. Narai, Thailand, before “Freedom Runner” was concluded on July that year. The Khmer Special Forces were closely modelled after the United States Special Forces (USSF) and the South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces (LLDB), being organized in July 1973 into one separate Headquarter 'C' Detachment, along with three 'B' Detachments and 18 'A' Detachments organized into three Special Forces Groups (SFGs). Unlike an American A-Team however, Khmer SF 'A' Detachments could field up to 15 men, the additional personnel being psychological warfare specialists. They were structured as follows: Khmer Special Forces members' were all airborne-qualified volunteers, though most of the initial cadre was actually formed by \"repatriated\" ethnic Khmer recruits from the Khmer Krom minority living in South Vietnam. Traditionally aggressive, the Khmer Krom brought with them years of combat experience gained while fighting in the irregular counterinsurgency MIKE Force and CIDG units in South Vietnam under the control of the USSF and the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group (MACV-SOG). The program began in May 1970 when the Americans assembled a first batch of 2,000 Khmer Krom veteran soldiers and airlifted them to Cambodia. Consequently, by February 1972 both the 1st SFG (raised in Cambodia) and 2nd SFG (formed and trained in Thailand) had a large percentage of Khmer Krom repatriates, but gradually native Cambodian recruits began to supplant them over time. Unlike the previous two groups, 3rd SFG, brought to strength in December 1972 and also sent to Thailand for training, had few experienced Khmer Krom members. In fact, one of its A-detachments was filled entirely by Khmer Loeu highlanders from northeastern Cambodia. The missions performed by the Khmer Special Forces during the war were many and varied, ranging from long-range strategic and tactical reconnaissance to deep-penetration raids, pathfinding, and reinforcement duties. In the special forces' unconventional training role, they also raised paramilitary self-defense village militias in rural areas situated behind enemy lines, as well as training airfield security battalions for the Khmer Air Force (KAF) at the Ream infantry training centre. In addition, the Khmer Special Forces provided LRRP instructors for the FANK Recondo School at Battambang which first opened in November 1972. Besides unconventional warfare and training operations, the Khmer Special Forces were also engaged on some notable combat operations in support of FANK regular troops. The first true combat assignment of the Khmer Special Forces occurred in May 1972, when they participated in a search-and-destroy operation alongside Army units around Phnom Penh to clear its northern outskirts of Khmer Rouge and NVA light artillery teams, who were harassing the quarters of the Cambodian capital with 122mm rocket and 75mm recoilless rifle fire. In September 1973, the Khmer Special Forces spearheaded the combined Cambodian Army-Khmer National Navy (MNK) amphibious operation to retake the provincial capital of Kampong Cham, which had been stormed by Khmer Rouge forces in August. Just prior to the assault, two 'A' Detachments were inserted by helicopter into the insurgent-held southern quarter of the city and used LAW rockets to neutralize an enemy stronghold. The role of the Khmer Special Forces teams at the Battle of Kampong Cham was not limited to combat assignments though; their radio operators also assisted coordinating the Khmer Air Force in carrying out successfully aerial resupply drops on behalf of FANK ground units defending the retaken city. This coordinating role was again resumed on June–July 1974 during the siege of the district capital of Kampong Seila in Koh Kong Province, located some 135 Kilometers (84 Miles) south-west of Phnom Penh, down Route 4. At the time, this small town and its beleguered Government garrison were enduring a record eight-month-long siege by Khmer Rouge forces, with the local civilian population already suffering from starvation. Deviating from the Cambodian Army's standard communications procedures, the garrison made desperate radio appeals to Phnom Penh for relief, a fact that arouse suspicions in the FANK High Command. Fearing that Government relief forces were being lured into a trap, it was decided to send first observers to assess the situation at Kampong Seila and to verify the loyalty of the garrison. After two unsuccessful attempts, a Khmer Special Forces team was heli-lifted into the town and after confirming the reports, aerial ressuply operations were sanctioned to alleviate the starvation and allow the Army garrison to hold out against further insurgent pressure. By March 1975 with all land and river routes leading to Phnom Penh", "with the local civilian population already suffering from starvation. Deviating from the Cambodian Army's standard communications procedures, the garrison made desperate radio appeals to Phnom Penh for relief, a fact that arouse suspicions in the FANK High Command. Fearing that Government relief forces were being lured into a trap, it was decided to send first observers to assess the situation at Kampong Seila and to verify the loyalty of the garrison. After two unsuccessful attempts, a Khmer Special Forces team was heli-lifted into the town and after confirming the reports, aerial ressuply operations were sanctioned to alleviate the starvation and allow the Army garrison to hold out against further insurgent pressure. By March 1975 with all land and river routes leading to Phnom Penh cut, the Khmer Rouge began their final assault on the Cambodian capital. Aside from three 'A' Detachments operating in Battambang and two in Siem Reap, the bulk of the Khmer Special Forces under Brig. Gen. Thach Reng were withdrawn to Phnom Penh to assist in its defense. Two teams secured the National Stadium, in the \"Cércle Sportive\" Complex, where seven KAF UH-1H transport helicopters were being kept to evacuate key members of the government. On the morning of April 17, 1975, after supervising the heliborne evacuation of only a handful of top officials and their families from the improvised helipad at the National Stadium (three of the helicopters had to be abandoned due to technical malfunctions), Brig. Gen. Reng handed over the command of the Khmer SF to Colonel Kim Phong and boarded the last helicopter to abandon the Stadium. Left to fend for themselves, Col. Phong and his subordinates planned a massive breakout by land to the south-east towards the South Vietnamese border. Although the Khmer Special Forces escape force managed to sneak out across the southern suburbs of the capital, they never reached the border and were all presumed killed in action. The remaining Khmer Special Forces teams defending the last government-held holdouts at Battambang, including the teaching staff of the Recondo School, and Siem Reap reportedly tried to escape in small groups to Thailand by treeking across hostile territory. Only a handful of Special Forces personnel managed to evade enemy patrols and reach the Thai-Cambodian border; the rest was either killed in action or captured and sent to the Khmer Rouge-run labour camps (also known as the “Killing Fields”), where they died after enduring the terrible working and living conditions during the late 1970s. A highly capable and well-trained force, unfortunately the Khmer Special Forces remained too small to have a strategic impact in the war. Casualties and manpower shortages affected their tactical deployment which rarely matched the proposed organization – total unit strength barely reached 350 Officers and enlisted men –, with many 'A' Detachments actually falling below strength. Khmer Special Forces personnel often found themselves being employed in unsuitable tasks to which they had not been trained – in reality, many FANK regional commanders misused them as conventional shock troops on many occasions, such as the sieges and subsequent battles of Kampong Cham and Kampong Seila in 1973-74. Furthermore, a large portion of 2nd Special Forces Group's personnel were siphoned off to protect Phnom Penh from the threat of internal coups d'état, while two more 'A' Detachments from the 3rd SFG were assigned security duties as a VIP protection squad for President Lon Nol when he visited his villa on the coastal city of Kampong Som. The Khmer Special Forces Command was augmented in late 1974 when they assumed operational control over the newly formed Para-Commando Battalion (\"Bataillon de Commandos Parachutistes\" – BCP in French). In March 1975, loosely under assignment to the Khmer SF, the Para-Commandos were sent to man the defensive perimeter north-west of Phnom Penh. The Khmer Special Forces used the standard weaponry and equipment of US origin issued to FANK units, complemented by captured Soviet or Chinese small-arms such as AK-47 assault rifles that allowed Special Forces personnel to use ammunition retrieved from enemy caches while on operations. Khmer Special Forces The Khmer Special Forces, also designated 'Khmer SF' for short or Forces Speciales Khmères (FSK) in French, were" ] }