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[ "Alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among Korean older adults: does gender matter?<||||>This study investigated gender differences in the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among older adults in South Korea.", "Alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among Korean older adults: does gender matter?<||||>Using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, 2,471 females and 1,657 males were analyzed separately. Cognitive impairment was measured based on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Exam score. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among Korean older adults.", "Alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among Korean older adults: does gender matter?<||||>Multivariate analysis showed that compared to moderate drinkers, past drinkers were more likely to be cognitively impaired for women, while heavy drinkers were more likely to be cognitively impaired for men." ]

[ "Urinary interleukin-2 monitoring during prolonged bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment: can it predict the optimal number of instillations?<||||>In patients with superficial bladder cancer treated with a first 6-week instillation course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) the induction pattern of urinary interleukin (IL)-2 has been described, and the levels of urinary IL-2 were associated with the clinical response to BCG treatment. We evaluated urinary IL-2 kinetics in patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumor receiving a second or third 6-week BCG instillation course. To our knowledge there have been no studies of prolonged BCG treatment and urinary cytokine responses.", "Urinary interleukin-2 monitoring during prolonged bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment: can it predict the optimal number of instillations?<||||>Urinary IL-2 was determined in 12 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder receiving a complete (6-week) second or third BCG instillation course and in 3 patients receiving 3 BCG instillations during a maintenance schedule at month 3. Urinary IL-2 was determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an oligoclonal system.", "Urinary interleukin-2 monitoring during prolonged bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment: can it predict the optimal number of instillations?<||||>Of 12 patients 10 had a urinary IL-2 positive response during the subsequent BCG course and at week 1 urinary IL-2 was already increased. Comparing the urinary IL-2 kinetics observed during a second or third with a first course, urinary IL-2 tended to be higher during the first and lower during the last weeks. If the interval between subsequent courses was short (12 months or less) significantly higher urinary IL-2 levels at weeks 1 and 2, and a lower level at week 6 were observed." ]

[ "Blended learning in radiology: is self-determined learning really more effective?<||||>To investigate whether there are differences in learning outcomes after the application of self-determined (intrinsic motivation) or mandatory (extrinsic motivation) use of e-learning units in an undergraduate radiology internship.", "Blended learning in radiology: is self-determined learning really more effective?<||||>96 medical students undergoing a one-week radiology internship were included in this study. Ten electronic cases (e-cases) were created for a blended learning approach. The e-learning environment was accessed on a self-determined (group B; n=32) or a mandatory basis (group C; n=32). A group without access to the e-learning environment served as control group (group A; n=32). Usage parameters of the e-cases were recorded. Results of a pre- and post-course assessment were used to quantitatively analyze learning outcomes.", "Blended learning in radiology: is self-determined learning really more effective?<||||>In group B 19/32 (59%) students processed at least one e-case, while in group C all students processed at least one e-case. There was a trend towards a higher improvement in knowledge in students exposed to a blended learning approach (group B: 13.7%; group C: 15.4%) than in the control group (group A: 8.5%; p=0.5356). Group C processed (p=0.0093) and passed (p=0.0078) significantly more e-cases, than with group B. There were no significant differences in the mean time per e-case and the total time on e-cases between both groups." ]

[ "Can MRI predict which patients are most likely to benefit from percutaneous positioning of volume-adjustable balloon devices?<||||>To assess whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in predicting which patients affected by stress urinary incontinence (SUI) will benefit from a new anti-incontinence therapy named adjustable continence therapy (AC).", "Can MRI predict which patients are most likely to benefit from percutaneous positioning of volume-adjustable balloon devices?<||||>We prospectively evaluated a group of 25 female patients affected by SUI and treated with ACT. Before and after treatment all patients were clinically assessed by physical examination, urodynamic evaluation and pad test. All patients had an MR examination before and 3 and 12 months after ACT surgery to compare the position of the bladder neck in relation to the pubococcygeal line (PCL).", "Can MRI predict which patients are most likely to benefit from percutaneous positioning of volume-adjustable balloon devices?<||||>21/25 (84%) patients were improved; 16 (64%) of these patients were dry and 5 (20%) significantly improved. Before treatment, the mean PCL distance was significantly different (p<0.01) between the responsive and the non-responsive groups." ]

[ "Is a cutoff of 10% appropriate for the change-in-estimate criterion of confounder identification?<||||>When using the change-in-estimate criterion, a cutoff of 10% is commonly used to identify confounders. However, the appropriateness of this cutoff has never been evaluated. This study investigated cutoffs required under different conditions.", "Is a cutoff of 10% appropriate for the change-in-estimate criterion of confounder identification?<||||>Four simulations were performed to select cutoffs that achieved a significance level of 5% and a power of 80%, using linear regression and logistic regression. A total of 10 000 simulations were run to obtain the percentage differences of the 4 fitted regression coefficients (with and without adjustment).", "Is a cutoff of 10% appropriate for the change-in-estimate criterion of confounder identification?<||||>In linear regression, larger effect size, larger sample size, and lower standard deviation of the error term led to a lower cutoff point at a 5% significance level. In contrast, larger effect size and a lower exposure-confounder correlation led to a lower cutoff point at 80% power. In logistic regression, a lower odds ratio and larger sample size led to a lower cutoff point at a 5% significance level, while a lower odds ratio, larger sample size, and lower exposure-confounder correlation yielded a lower cutoff point at 80% power." ]

[ "Small malignant hepatic tumor detection in gadolinium- and ferucarbotran-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: does combining ferucarbotran-enhanced T2*-weighted gradient echo and T2-weighted turbo spin echo images have additive efficacy?<||||>To determine if a combination of ferucarbotran-enhanced T2*weighted-gradient echo (T2*W-GRE) and T2-weighted turbo spin echo (T2W-TSE) images in gadolinium- and ferucarbotran-enhanced MRI has additive efficacy compared to each image alone for detecting small (<or = 2.0 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions in a group of cirrhotic patients and metastases in a group of non-cirrhotic patients.", "Small malignant hepatic tumor detection in gadolinium- and ferucarbotran-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: does combining ferucarbotran-enhanced T2*-weighted gradient echo and T2-weighted turbo spin echo images have additive efficacy?<||||>Two readers retrospectively analyzed gadolinium- and ferucarbotran-enhanced T2*W-GRE, T2W-TSE, and combined T2*W-GRE/T2W-TSE images of 119 patients with 157 HCCs and 32 patients with 98 metastases. The diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for each image set and the combined set were evaluated using the alternative-free response receiver operating characteristic method.", "Small malignant hepatic tumor detection in gadolinium- and ferucarbotran-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: does combining ferucarbotran-enhanced T2*-weighted gradient echo and T2-weighted turbo spin echo images have additive efficacy?<||||>The mean area under the curve value of the combined set (0.966) tended to be better than that for each individual image set (T2W-TSE [0.910], T2*W-GRE [0.892]). Sensitivities in the combined set were higher than those in each individual image set for detecting HCC (mean, 93.0% versus 81.6% and 86.7%, respectively, p<0.01). Sensitivities in the combined set and the T2W-TSE set were the same for detecting metastases, and both were higher than the sensitivity seen in the T2*W-GRE set (mean, 97.5% versus 85.2 %, p<0.01)." ]

[ "Is there an interaction between human immunodeficiency virus and Plasmodium falciparum?<||||>There is a potential for interaction between malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV infection might reduce immunity to malaria resulting in more frequent and severe infections; conversely malaria might enhance the progression of HIV infection to AIDS. In this paper we have reviewed some of the studies that have addressed this topic.", "Is there an interaction between human immunodeficiency virus and Plasmodium falciparum?<||||>Studies identified by a MEDLINE search were systematically reviewed and the measures of association between the two infections were either abstracted or recalculated from the reported data. Inferences drawn from these studies and the biological plausibility of an interaction are discussed.", "Is there an interaction between human immunodeficiency virus and Plasmodium falciparum?<||||>The prevalence ratio (PR) of peripheral parasitaemia among HIV seropositive (HIVSP) individuals compared to HIV seronegative (HIVSN) individuals ranged from 0.72 to 0.94 in children and from 3.3 to 0.69 in adults. However, only one study showed a statistically significant difference between HIVSP and HIVSN groups (PR 3.3, 95% CI: 2.7-4.2). The rate ratio of non-severe malaria among HIVSP children compared to HIVSN children was 1.4 (95% CI: 0.99-2.0). Data from a trial of chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy suggested that placental malaria may predispose to perinatal transmission of HIV. Studies that have investigated the immune response to P. falciparum among HIVSP subjects have given variable results." ]

[ "The ratio of free to total prostate specific antigen: an advantageous addition in the differential diagnosis of benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate?<||||>This study examined the clinical relevance of the determination of free PSA (f-PSA) in addition to total PSA (t-PSA).", "The ratio of free to total prostate specific antigen: an advantageous addition in the differential diagnosis of benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate?<||||>Both total PSA- and free PSA-values of frozen sera obtained pretherapeutically from 80 patients with carcinoma (PC) and 171 patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BPH) were analysed by means of PSA IRMA and FREE PSA IRMA (IMMUNOCORP/IBL).", "The ratio of free to total prostate specific antigen: an advantageous addition in the differential diagnosis of benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate?<||||>At 95% specificity (true negative test results), a cut-off value of 16.8 [micrograms/L] was obtained for total PSA (9 patients with BPH [5%]were above this value). For this cut-off value we calculated a sensitivity (true positive test results) of 41%. Using the same criteria for the ratio Q = f-PSA:t-PSA a cut-off of 0.083 was found again at a specificity of 95%. In a second step only patients with total PSA values below the cut-off level of 16.8 [micrograms/L]) were considered. Of these patients 11 of 160 with BPH (missing values = 1) and 13 of 33 with PC (missing values = 2) were below the above mentioned ratio (Q = 0.083). Considering both steps (total PSA and Q) 46 patients with PC were detected correctly and 20 patients with BPH would have been biopsied unnecessarily (positive biopsy rate: 70%)." ]

[ "Is palliative resection necessary for gastric carcinoma patients?<||||>The benefit of palliative resection for gastric carcinoma patients remains controversial. We thus evaluated the survival benefit of palliative resection in advanced gastric carcinoma patients.", "Is palliative resection necessary for gastric carcinoma patients?<||||>We reviewed the hospital records of 466 gastric carcinoma patients who had palliative resection and compared the clinicopathologic findings to those of patients who underwent a bypass or exploration from 1986 to 2000.", "Is palliative resection necessary for gastric carcinoma patients?<||||>Cox's proportional hazard regression model revealed only one independent statistically significant prognostic parameter, the presence of peritoneal dissemination (risk ratio, 0.739; 95% confidence interval, 0.564-0.967; P<0.05). The 5-year survival rate of patients who had palliative resection was higher than that of patients who did not (7.03 vs 0%, P<0.001). When the 5-year survival rates of patients with peritoneal dissemination were examined, the rate was higher for those who underwent resection (4.43 vs 0%, P<0.001)." ]

[ "The rate of hydrocele perforation during vasectomy. Is perforation dangerous?<||||>Hydroceles are not uncommon, are often occult, and may be associated with an inguinal hernia. The rate of hydrocele perforation during elective vasectomy has not been reported in the medical literature. Our objective was to estimate the frequency and consequences of hydrocele perforation incidental to vasectomy.", "The rate of hydrocele perforation during vasectomy. Is perforation dangerous?<||||>We retrospectively reviewed data from a series of patients undergoing vasectomy using the no-scalpel technique for the incidence of complications. A supplementary chart review was done to determine preoperative conditions, and telephone contacts were made if needed to assess later morbidity.", "The rate of hydrocele perforation during vasectomy. Is perforation dangerous?<||||>We noted 7 perforations in 150 vasectomies. Only one patient had a hydrocele documented preoperatively. Three had histories of inguinal hernia and herniorrhaphy. Five patients had evidence of minor swelling early on, but none had additional morbidity or long-term associated complications." ]

[ "Elderly suicide and weather conditions: is there a link?<||||>Studies of the effect of meteorological factors on suicide have yielded inconclusive and often contradictory results. This may be due to a variety of methodological problems including small numbers and variability in the definition of suicide. The relationship has not been examined in the elderly.", "Elderly suicide and weather conditions: is there a link?<||||>To study the effect of weather conditions on suicide rate in an elderly population of 40,000 of North Cheshire aged 65 and above. In this study, coroner's verdicts of suicide and open verdict which were recorded in a specified period were included.", "Elderly suicide and weather conditions: is there a link?<||||>Five-year data of deaths resulting from suicide within North Cheshire were analysed in relation to meteorological data, which were measured at the nearest Met office to the study population.", "Elderly suicide and weather conditions: is there a link?<||||>Significant positive association was demonstrated between suicide in the elderly and hours of sunshine (p<0.01) and relative humidity (p<0.05). These effects were independent of sex." ]

[ "Observation vs admission in syncope: can we predict short length of stays?<||||>Rising health care costs demands justifying prolonged hospitalization for syncope, yet predictors of shorter length of stay (LOS) have not been identified.", "Observation vs admission in syncope: can we predict short length of stays?<||||>The objective of this study is to identify independent predictors of LOS for syncope patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).", "Observation vs admission in syncope: can we predict short length of stays?<||||>We performed an analysis of a prospectively collected cohort of ED syncope patients. We examined risk factors from the patient's ED presentation and workup and used Spearman rank correlation to evaluate the relationship between these risk factors and LOS in a logistic regression model for prediction of hospitalization less than 1 day.", "Observation vs admission in syncope: can we predict short length of stays?<||||>Of 568 total syncope patients, 350 (61.6%) were admitted and comprise the study cohort. Mean age was 57 years (SD, ±25 years); 39.6% were male. Length of hospitalization was less than or equal to 1 in 179 patients (51.1%). The number of risk factors was associated with LOS (P<.001). Most hospitalized patients with less than 1 predictor were hospitalized for less than 1 day (152/272; 55.9%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, clear vasovagal etiology was positively correlated with LOS less than 1 day (odds ratio [OR], 1.92), whereas dysrhythmia (OR, 0.3), coronary artery disease (OR, 0.33), abnormal vital signs (OR, 0.35), implantable defibrillator/pacemaker (OR, 0.29), anemia/gastrointestinal bleeding (OR, 0.34), and central nervous system abnormalities (OR, 0.09; P<.05 for all) were negatively correlated with LOS less than 1 day. Area under the curve for model accuracy was moderate: 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.76)." ]

[ "Does higher quality primary health care reduce stroke admissions?<||||>Hospital admission rates for stroke are strongly associated with population factors. The supply and quality of primary care services may also affect admission rates, but there is little previous research.AIM: To determine if the hospital admission rate for stroke is reduced by effective primary and secondary prevention in primary care.", "Does higher quality primary health care reduce stroke admissions?<||||>National cross-sectional study in an English population (52,763,586 patients registered with 7969 general practices in 152 primary care trusts).", "Does higher quality primary health care reduce stroke admissions?<||||>A combination of data on hospital admissions for 2006-2009, primary healthcare staffing, practice clinical quality and access indicators, census sources, and prevalence estimates was used. The main outcome measure was indirectly standardised hospital admission rates for stroke, for each practice population.", "Does higher quality primary health care reduce stroke admissions?<||||>Mean (3 years) annual stroke admission rates per 100,000 population varied from zero to 476.5 at practice level. In a practice-level multivariable Poisson regression, observed stroke prevalence, deprivation, smoking prevalence, and GPs/100,000 population were all risk factors for hospital admission. Protective healthcare factors included the percentage of stroke or transient ischaemic attack patients whose last measured total cholesterol was ≤5 mmol/l (P<0.001), and ability to book an appointment with a GP (P<0.003). All effect sizes were relatively small." ]

[ "Anterior surgery with insertion of titanium mesh cage and posterior instrumented fusion performed sequentially on the same day under one anesthesia for septic spondylitis of thoracolumbar spine: is the use of titanium mesh cages safe?<||||>Retrospective study.", "Anterior surgery with insertion of titanium mesh cage and posterior instrumented fusion performed sequentially on the same day under one anesthesia for septic spondylitis of thoracolumbar spine: is the use of titanium mesh cages safe?<||||>To evaluate the outcome on patients with pyogenic spondylitis of the thoracolumbar spine following combined anterior and posterior surgery.", "Anterior surgery with insertion of titanium mesh cage and posterior instrumented fusion performed sequentially on the same day under one anesthesia for septic spondylitis of thoracolumbar spine: is the use of titanium mesh cages safe?<||||>Several methods of surgical treatment of pyogenic spondylitis have been reported. These include anterior approach, staged and simultaneous anterior decompression, and posterior stabilization. The use of anterior implants in the presence of an infection presents a challenge for spine surgeons. This study analyzes the clinical and radiologic outcome of surgical intervention on patients with pyogenic spondylitis of the thoracolumbar spine who were treated surgically for intractable pain, instability, and neurologic impairment.", "Anterior surgery with insertion of titanium mesh cage and posterior instrumented fusion performed sequentially on the same day under one anesthesia for septic spondylitis of thoracolumbar spine: is the use of titanium mesh cages safe?<||||>Fourteen patients (6 women, 8 men) with thoracolumbar spondylitis were treated with anterior surgery with insertion of titanium mesh cage and posterior instrumented fusion performed sequentially on the same day under one anesthesia. The age (average, SD) of the patients at the time of surgery was 55 +/- 16 years (range, 29-83 years). Most patients had also systemic diseases as lung tuberculosis, hepatic cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, or chronic renal failure. Patients were evaluated before and after surgery in terms of pain, neurologic level, sagittal spinal balance, and radiologic fusion.", "Anterior surgery with insertion of titanium mesh cage and posterior instrumented fusion performed sequentially on the same day under one anesthesia for septic spondylitis of thoracolumbar spine: is the use of titanium mesh cages safe?<||||>The average duration of the combined surgery was 4.5 hours. All patients were observed up for an average of 45 months (range, 37-116 months). The Visual Analog Scale score (average, range) improved from 7 (range, 4-10) before surgery to 2 (range, 0-5) after surgery. Correction (average, range) of segmental kyphotic deformity was 6 degrees (range, 0 degrees-11 degrees) without loss of correction at the final observation. Neither a postoperative change of the position of mesh cage nor any posterior instrumentation failure was recorded. Patients with incomplete neurologic impairment showed improvement after surgery at an average 1.4 Frankel's grade. There was one complication, an anterior wound abscess culminating in an abdominal hernia." ]

[ "Self-etch adhesives for the bonding of orthodontic brackets: faster, stronger, safer?<||||>This study aimed to evaluate the performance of accelerating procedures for bonding of orthodontic brackets in vitro by comparing different adhesives (etch-and-rinse, self-etch) and polymerization procedures (curing devices, time). The performance was characterized by three parameters: (1) the bond strength achieved, (2) the incidence of enamel damage, and (3) the extent of residual composite on the tooth.", "Self-etch adhesives for the bonding of orthodontic brackets: faster, stronger, safer?<||||>Bracket bonding was performed on 500 extracted human teeth after application of either an etch-and-rinse adhesive or a one-step self-etch adhesive. Two different two-component self-etch adhesives (Clearfil SE and Transbond Plus) and two single-component self-etch adhesives (Ideal and iBond) were investigated after using different polymerization procedures (light-emitting diode for 10 or 20 s or plasma arc curing device for 3 or 6 s). The bond strength, incidence of enamel damage, and extent of residual composite on the tooth were measured.", "Self-etch adhesives for the bonding of orthodontic brackets: faster, stronger, safer?<||||>Single-component self-etch adhesives gave the lowest bond strengths. No significant difference in bond strength could be detected between the two-component self-etch adhesives and the etch-and-rinse method. There was a 70.3% risk for enamel damage at bond strengths above 12 MPa, but only 5% risk below 12 MPa and no risk below 8.2 MPa. The risk of enamel damage increased by an odds ratio increment of 1.3 for each additional MPa above 8.2 MPa." ]

[ "Assessing the effect of fatty acids on prostate carcinogenesis in humans: does self-reported dietary intake rank prostatic exposure correctly?<||||>Dietary fatty acids may influence prostate carcinogenesis. Although the standard for assessing dietary effects in humans is the semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire, the extent to which self-reported intake correctly ranks prostatic exposure is unknown.", "Assessing the effect of fatty acids on prostate carcinogenesis in humans: does self-reported dietary intake rank prostatic exposure correctly?<||||>The objective was to examine the correlation between reported intakes of different fatty acids and their concentrations in prostate tissue.", "Assessing the effect of fatty acids on prostate carcinogenesis in humans: does self-reported dietary intake rank prostatic exposure correctly?<||||>This was a cross-sectional study of 52 men undergoing surgical resection of the prostate gland. Usual dietary intake of saturated, total unsaturated, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids over the previous year was estimated with use of a 122-item version of the Health Habits and History Questionnaire. Concentrations in prostate tissue were measured directly by use of gas chromatography in healthy tissue collected at the time of surgery and were expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids. Correlations with 4 measures of dietary intake [g/d, g/d adjusted for total daily energy intake, % of total fat (as g/d), and % of total energy] were evaluated by Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients.", "Assessing the effect of fatty acids on prostate carcinogenesis in humans: does self-reported dietary intake rank prostatic exposure correctly?<||||>Linoleic acid concentrations in prostate tissue were significantly correlated with dietary intake expressed as g/d adjusted for total energy [r = 0.29 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.49), P = 0.04], % of total fat [r = 0.36 (0.14, 0.550), P = 0.008], and % of total energy [r = 0.28 (0.04, 0.49), P = 0.042], but not as g/d. Although mean concentrations of saturated, total unsaturated, and oleic fatty acids in prostate tissue resembled mean intakes for the group, prostatic concentrations did not correlate with individual intakes." ]

[ "Red blood cell transfusion practice in children: current status and areas for improvement?<||||>Patterns of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion are less well understood for children than adults. This study was undertaken to document current pediatric practice, to identify specific areas for improving patient care and safety.", "Red blood cell transfusion practice in children: current status and areas for improvement?<||||>All UK hospitals were invited to participate. All children less than 18 years old admitted and receiving a RBC transfusion during a 3-month period in 2009 were eligible for inclusion.", "Red blood cell transfusion practice in children: current status and areas for improvement?<||||>A total of 160 of 247 (65%) sites treating children or neonates responded; 119 provided data on 1302 pediatric patients transfused in nonneonatal wards. A total of 74% of patients received a single RBC transfusion during their admission. More than half (53%) of recipients had a hematologic or oncologic underlying diagnosis, and 33% were on general pediatric wards. The median pretransfusion hemoglobin (Hb) level was 7.9 g/dL (interquartile range [IQR], 6.9-9.4 g/dL), varying by location and diagnosis. The median volume prescribed was 15 mL/kg (IQR, 11.8-19.2 mL/kg). Prescribing by units instead of milliliters was recorded for 493 of 1264 (39%) of transfusions. For 734 of 1302 (56%) where Hb levels were available within 2 days between pre- and posttransfusion Hb, the median transfusion increment was 2.8 g/dL (IQR, 1.4-3.9 g/dL)." ]

[ "Is a change in patient-reported dysphagia after induction chemotherapy in locally advanced esophageal cancer a predictive factor for pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation?<||||>In patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, only those responding to the treatment ultimately benefit from preoperative chemoradiation. We investigated whether changes in subjective dysphagia or eating restrictions after two cycles of induction chemotherapy can predict histopathological tumor response observed after chemoradiation. In addition, we examined general long-term quality of life (QoL) and, in particular, eating restrictions after esophagectomy.", "Is a change in patient-reported dysphagia after induction chemotherapy in locally advanced esophageal cancer a predictive factor for pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation?<||||>Patients with resectable, locally advanced squamous cell- or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus were treated with two cycles of chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation and surgery. They were asked to complete the EORTC oesophageal-specific QoL module (EORTC QLQ-OES24), and linear analogue self-assessment QoL indicators, before and during neoadjuvant therapy and quarterly until 1 year postoperatively. A median change of at least eight points was considered as clinically meaningful.", "Is a change in patient-reported dysphagia after induction chemotherapy in locally advanced esophageal cancer a predictive factor for pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation?<||||>Clinically meaningful improvements in the median scores for dysphagia and eating restrictions were found during induction chemotherapy. These improvements were not associated with a histopathological response observed after chemoradiation, but enhanced treatment compliance. Postoperatively, dysphagia scores remained low at 1 year, while eating restrictions persisted more frequently in patients with extended transthoracic resection compared to those with limited transhiatal resection." ]

[ "Adults with ADHD-without insomnia history have subclinical sleep disturbance but not circadian delay: an ADHD phenotype?<||||>To explore the potential ADHD phenotype of ADHD-without reported insomnia in comparison with controls and their tolerance of stimulants in a cohort rigorously screened for comorbidities.", "Adults with ADHD-without insomnia history have subclinical sleep disturbance but not circadian delay: an ADHD phenotype?<||||>Adults meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) criteria for ADHD-without insomnia and matched controls were administered a sleep/medication-timing questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.", "Adults with ADHD-without insomnia history have subclinical sleep disturbance but not circadian delay: an ADHD phenotype?<||||>Among 105 participants, ADHD participants scored in the mild insomnia range and showed reduced sleep quality compared with controls, F(3, 101) = 34.9, p<.05, but no delay in bedtime/mid-sleep-time circadian measures. Sleep quality was similar between stimulant, nonstimulant, and unmedicated groups, χ(2) 2 = 0.445, p = .80. However, later timing of stimulant dosing was correlated with later sleep times, p<.01." ]

[ "Do surgical techniques used in groin lymphadenectomy for vulval cancer affect morbidity rates?<||||>To determine the complication rates associated with differing surgical techniques for groin node dissection for vulval cancer.", "Do surgical techniques used in groin lymphadenectomy for vulval cancer affect morbidity rates?<||||>We performed a retrospective case note review of patients undergoing groin node dissection for vulval cancer between 2001 and 2009 at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust.", "Do surgical techniques used in groin lymphadenectomy for vulval cancer affect morbidity rates?<||||>Notes for 56 patients undergoing a total of 98 groin node dissections were examined. Sixty-four percent of the patients had at least one complication from surgery. The use of suction drains was not associated with an increase in complications. However, when drains were used, a short duration of use was associated with high rates of wound breakdown and a long duration of use was associated with higher rates of lymphedema. The use of staples for skin closure was associated with an increased risk of lymphocysts and chronic lymphedema. The greater the number of nodes collected at lymphadenectomy, the higher the risk of lymphocysts and lymphedema." ]

[ "Do Asian-American women who were maltreated as children have a higher likelihood for HIV risk behaviors and adverse mental health outcomes?<||||>This study is the first to systematically investigate whether multiple child maltreatment is associated with HIV risk behaviors and adverse mental health outcomes among Asian-American women.", "Do Asian-American women who were maltreated as children have a higher likelihood for HIV risk behaviors and adverse mental health outcomes?<||||>We conducted a cross-sectional study of unmarried Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese women (n = 400), aged 18 to 35, who are identified as children of immigrants, using computer-assisted survey interviews.", "Do Asian-American women who were maltreated as children have a higher likelihood for HIV risk behaviors and adverse mental health outcomes?<||||>Approximately 7 in 10 women reported having been maltreated as a child and 6.8% reported any type of sexual abuse. Only 15% of our sample reported having sex at age 16 or before, yet almost 60% had ever engaged with potentially risky sexual partners. Contrary to the findings from previous studies of White and Black women, sexual abuse plus other maltreatment was not associated with HIV risk behaviors among Asian-American women. However, it was associated with a marked increase in depression, lifetime suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. A higher education level was associated with increased odds of HIV risk behaviors, including ever having had anal sex and ever having potentially risky sexual partners." ]

[ "Testicular biopsy during orchidopexy procedure: does it have an adverse effect on fertility?<||||>The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the gonadal biopsy procedure on fertility and histology of the experimentally created undescended testis.", "Testicular biopsy during orchidopexy procedure: does it have an adverse effect on fertility?<||||>Thirty Wistar-Albino rat litters were divided into three groups. In the first two groups, undescended testes were obtained by dividing the right gubernaculum in the first 48 h and the third group constituted the sham group. When the rats were 30 days old, orchidopexy was performed in the first group (O), whereas orchidopexy and testicular biopsy were performed in the second group (OB). After the fertility study all rats were sacrificed at week 11 and testicular weights, mean seminiferous tubular diameters (MSTD) and mean testicular biopsy scores (MTBS) were measured.", "Testicular biopsy during orchidopexy procedure: does it have an adverse effect on fertility?<||||>One testis in the O group and three testes in the OB group were atrophied and these rats were excluded from the study. Testicular weights, MSTD and MTBS values of the operated side in the O and OB groups were lower than those in the sham group. There was a statistically significant difference between the MSTD values of the ipsilateral testes in the OB group and sham group (p<0.05). MTBS values of the ipsilateral testes in the O and OB groups were<8. There was no difference in all parameters in the contralateral testes between all groups (p>0.05). All the evaluated rats were fertile. While there was no difference in number of fetuses and fertility scores between the O and OB group, however, the differences were significant between each of these groups and the sham group (p<0.05)." ]

[ "Hyperhomocystinemia: a risk factor or a consequence of coronary heart disease?<||||>Mild hyperhomocystinemia has been suggested as an indicator of an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.", "Hyperhomocystinemia: a risk factor or a consequence of coronary heart disease?<||||>To examine whether serum homocysteine concentration is a predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) events.", "Hyperhomocystinemia: a risk factor or a consequence of coronary heart disease?<||||>A case-control study, nested in a population-based cohort study was used. During a follow-up of 13 years, 166 major coronary events (death from CHD or nonfatal myocardial infarction) occurred in men with evidence of heart disease at baseline and 272 events in men without a history of heart disease. Two controls per case were selected by individual matching.", "Hyperhomocystinemia: a risk factor or a consequence of coronary heart disease?<||||>Among men with known heart disease at baseline, the relative risk (95% confidence interval) of CHD events adjusted for age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum cholesterol level, body mass index, and alcohol consumption was 2.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-4.85) in the highest serum homocysteine quintile compared with the lowest quintile. Among the men free of heart disease at baseline, the corresponding relative risk was 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.51-1.60)." ]

[ "Are multiple cryoprobes additive or synergistic in renal cryotherapy?<||||>To investigate the relationship between multiple cryoprobes was investigated to determine whether they work in an additive or synergistic fashion in an in vivo animal model because 1.47 mm (17-gauge) cryoprobes have been introduced to the armamentarium for renal cryotherapy.", "Are multiple cryoprobes additive or synergistic in renal cryotherapy?<||||>Laparoscopic-guided percutaneous cryoablation was performed in both renal poles of 3 pigs using 3 IceRod cryoprobes. These 12 cryolesions were compared with 12 cryolesions using a single IceRod cryoprobe. Each cycle consisted of two 10-minute freeze cycles separated by a 5-minute thaw. The iceball volume was measured using intraoperative ultrasonography. The kidneys were harvested, and cryolesion surface area was calculated. The lesions were fixed and excised to obtain a volume measurement. Statistical analysis was used to compare the single probe results multiplied by 3 to the multiple probe group for iceball volume, cryolesion surface area, and cryolesion volume.", "Are multiple cryoprobes additive or synergistic in renal cryotherapy?<||||>The iceball volume for the first freeze cycle for the single cryoprobe multiplied by 3 was 8.55 cm3 compared with 9.79 cm3 for the multiple cryoprobe group (P=.44) and 10.01 cm3 versus 16.58 cm3 for the second freeze (P=.03). The cryolesion volume for the single cryoprobe multiplied by 3 was 11.29 cm3 versus 14.75 cm3 for the multiple cyroprobe group (P=.06). The gross cryolesion surface area for the single cryoprobe multiplied by 3 was 13.14 cm2 versus 13.89 cm2 for the multiple probe group (P=.52)." ]