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[ "systemic inflammation , endothelial dysfunction , and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome ( mets ) .", "epidemiological evidence supports an association between whole soy food consumption and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .", "the objective of this randomized , controlled , cross-over study was to evaluate the effects of soy nut consumption on inflammatory biomarkers and endothelial function and to assess whether isoflavone metabolism to secondary products , equol , and/or o-desmethylangolensin ( odma ) , modifies these responses .", "n = @ adults at cardiometabolic risk were randomly assigned to the order of two snack interventions , soy nuts , and macronutrient-matched control snack , for four weeks each , separated by a two week washout period .", "outcome measures included biomarkers of inflammation , oxidative stress , and glycemic control ( elisa and clinical analyzers ) , endothelial function , and arterial stiffness ( peripheral arterial tonometry ( pat ) ) , and isoflavone metabolites ( lc-ms/ms ) .", "results revealed that consuming soy nuts improved arterial stiffness as assessed by the augmentation index using pat ( p = @ ) , despite lack of improvement in inflammatory biomarkers .", "addition of equol and/or odma production status as covariates did not significantly change these results .", "soy nuts when added to a usual diet for one month provide some benefit on arterial stiffness in adults at cardiometabolic risk ." ]

[ "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the addition of pcv ( procarbazine , lomustine , and vincristine ) chemotherapy to radiotherapy ( rt ) for patients with who grade @ glioma improves progression-free survival ( pfs ) .", "the effect of therapy intensification on cognitive function ( cf ) remains a concern in this population with substantial long-term survival .", "a total of @ patients with who grade @ glioma age @ years with any extent of resection or age < @ years with subtotal resection/biopsy were randomly assigned to rt ( @ gy ) or rt plus pcv .", "we observed @ patients age < @ years with gross total resection .", "cf was assessed by mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) at baseline and years @ , @ , @ , and @ .", "overall , few patients experienced significant decline in mmse score .", "there were no significant differences in the proportion of patients experiencing mmse score decline between the randomized study arms at any time point .", "both study arms experienced a significant gain in average mmse score longitudinally over time , with no difference between arms .", "the mmse is a relatively insensitive tool , and subtle changes in cf may have been missed .", "however , the addition of pcv to rt did not result in significantly higher rates of mmse score decline than rt alone through @ years of follow-up .", "patients in both randomly assigned arms experienced a statistically significant average mmse score increase over time , with no difference between arms .", "the addition of pcv chemotherapy to rt improves pfs without excessive cf detriment over rt alone for patients with low-grade glioma ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "with use of egfr tyrosine-kinase inhibitor monotherapy for patients with activating egfr mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) , median progression-free survival has been extended to about @ months .", "nevertheless , new strategies are needed to further extend progression-free survival and overall survival with acceptable toxicity and tolerability for this population .", "we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab compared with erlotinib alone in patients with non-squamous nsclc with activating egfr mutation-positive disease .", "in this open-label , randomised , multicentre , phase @ study , patients from @ centres across japan with stage iiib/iv or recurrent non-squamous nsclc with activating egfr mutations , eastern cooperative oncology group performance status @ or @ , and no previous chemotherapy for advanced disease received erlotinib @ mg/day plus bevacizumab @ mg/kg every @ weeks or erlotinib @ mg/day monotherapy as a first-line therapy until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity .", "the primary endpoint was progression-free survival , as determined by an independent review committee .", "randomisation was done with a dynamic allocation method , and the analysis used a modified intention-to-treat approach , including all patients who received at least one dose of study treatment and had tumour assessment at least once after randomisation .", "this study is registered with the japan pharmaceutical information center , number japiccti-@ .", "between feb @ , @ , and march @ , @ , @ patients were enrolled .", "@ were randomly assigned to receive erlotinib and bevacizumab and @ to erlotinib alone , of whom @ patients in the erlotinib plus bevacizumab group and @ in the erlotinib alone group were included in the efficacy analyses .", "median progression-free survival was @ months ( @ % ci @-@ ) with erlotinib plus bevacizumab and @ months ( @-@ ) with erlotinib alone ( hazard ratio @ , @ % ci @-@ ; log-rank test p = @ ) .", "the most common grade @ or worse adverse events were rash ( @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- patients in the erlotinib plus bevacizumab group vs @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- patients in the erlotinib alone group ) , hypertension ( @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- vs eight -lsb- @ % -rsb- ) , and proteinuria ( six -lsb- @ % -rsb- vs none ) .", "serious adverse events occurred at a similar frequency in both groups ( @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- patients in the erlotinib plus bevacizumab group and @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- patients in the erlotinib alone group ) .", "erlotinib plus bevacizumab combination could be a new first-line regimen in egfr mutation-positive nsclc .", "further investigation of the regimen is warranted .", "chugai pharmaceutical co ltd. ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "mitral regurgitant volume ( mrvol ) is an important index of the severity of mitral regurgitation ( mr ) , but mrvol measurement remains challenging .", "with the development of probe technology and software , general imaging @d quantification ( gi @dq ) allows the direct measurement of mr jet volume .", "the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of mrvol by quantification of mr jet volume using gi @dq .", "ninety-three patients were included , @ with functional mr and @ with mitral valve prolapse .", "patients with mr were also divided into those with central mr ( n = @ ) and those with eccentric mr ( n = @ ) .", "mrvol was assessed using gi @dq and the proximal isovelocity surface area ( pisa ) method .", "mrvol using effective regurgitant orifice area by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography multiplied by the mr time-velocity integral was used as the reference method .", "mrvol measured by gi @dq and the pisa method had good correlation with mrvol by the reference method .", "a significant underestimation of mrvol using gi @dq and the pisa method was observed in the assessment of eccentric mr , but without a significant difference in the assessment of central mr.", "quantification of mrvol with gi @dq was feasible .", "quantification of central mrvol using this methodology is accurate compared with the reference method .", "quantification of mrvol with gi @dq has no significant difference from the currently recommended pisa method ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the occipito-posterior ( op ) fetal head position during the first stage of labour occurs in @-@ % of cephalic presentations .", "most will spontaneous rotate in anterior position before delivery , but @-@ % of all births will persist in op position for the third stage of labour .", "previous observations have shown that this can lead to an increase of complications , such as an abnormally long labour , maternal and fetal exhaustion , instrumental delivery , severe perineal tears , and emergency caesarean section .", "usual care in the case of diagnosis of op position is an expectant management .", "however , maternal postural techniques have been reported to promote the anterior position of the fetal head for delivery .", "a cochrane review reported that these maternal positions are well accepted by women and reduce back pain .", "however , the low sample size of included studies did not allow concluding on their efficacy on delivery outcomes , particularly those related to persistent op position .", "our objective is to evaluate the efficacy of maternal position in the management of op position during the first stage of labour .", "a randomised clinical trial is ongoing in the maternity unit of the geneva university hospitals , geneva , switzerland .", "the unit is the largest in switzerland with @,@ births/year .", "the trial will involve @ women with a fetus in op position , confirmed by sonography , during the first stage of the labour .", "the main outcome measure is the position of the fetal head , diagnosed by ultrasound one hour after randomisation .", "it is important to evaluate the efficacy of maternal position to correct fetal op position during the first stage of the labour .", "although these positions seem to be well accepted by women and appear easy to implement in the delivery room , the sample size of the last randomised clinical trial published in @ to evaluate this intervention had insufficient power to demonstrate clear evidence of effectiveness .", "if the technique demonstrates efficacy , it would reduce the physical and psychological consequences of complications at birth related to persistent op position .", "clinicaltrials.gov , http://www.clinicaltrials.gov: ( no .", "nct@ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas ( rps ) are rare tumors that include several well-defined histologic subtypes .", "although surgery is the mainstay of curative therapy , no universally accepted recommendations concerning the best management have been developed to date .", "optimization of the initial approach is critical for maximizing patient outcomes .", "an rps trans-atlantic working group was established in @ .", "the primary aim was to evaluate the current evidence critically and to develop a consensus document on the approach to this difficult disease .", "the outcome applies to primary rps that is nonvisceral in origin .", "the evaluation included sarcomas of major veins ( inferior vena cava , renal vein , ovarian/testicular vein ) , undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the psoas , and ureteric leiomyosarcoma ( lms ) .", "it excluded desmoid , lipoma and angiomyolipoma , gastrointestinal stromal tumors , visceral sarcomas such as those arising from the gut or its mesentery , uterine lms , prostatic sarcoma , paratesticular/spermatic cord sarcoma , ewing 's sarcoma , alveolar/embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma , primitive peripheral neuro-ectodermal tumor , sarcoma arising from teratoma , carcinosarcoma , sarcomatoid carcinoma , clear cell sarcoma , radiation-induced sarcoma , paraganglioma , and malignant pheochromocytoma .", "management of rps was evaluated from diagnosis to follow-up , and a level of evidence was attributed to each statement .", "this rare and complex malignancy is best managed by an experienced multidisciplinary team in a specialized referral center .", "the best chance of cure is at the time of primary presentation , and an individualized management plan should be made based on the statements included in this article .", "international collaboration is critical for adding to the current knowledge .", "a prospective registry will be set up ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the effects of swedish massage with aromatic ginger oil ( smgo ) on chronic low back pain and disability in older adults compared with traditional thai massage ( ttm ) .", "randomized controlled trial .", "massage clinic in ratchaburi province , thailand .", "@ patients were screened ; @ were eligible , and randomized to either smgo ( n = @ ) or ttm ( n = @ ) .", "trained staff provided participants with a @-min smgo or ttm twice a week for five weeks .", "the visual analogue scale ( vas ) assessed immediate effect ( after each massage ) and the short form mcgill pain questionnaire ( mpq ) assessed effectiveness of massage in short-term ( six weeks ) and long-term ( @ weeks ) .", "disability improvement was measured by the owestry disability questionnaire ( odq ) at baseline , short - and long-term .", "both smgo and ttm led to significant improvements in pain intensity ( p < @ ) and disability ( p < @ ) across the period of assessments , indicating immediate , short - and long-term effectiveness .", "smgo was more effective than ttm in reducing pain ( p = @ ) and improving disability at short - and long-term assessments ( p = @ ) .", "these findings suggest that the integration of either smgo or ttm therapy as additional options to provide holistic care to older people with chronic low back pain could be considered by health professionals .", "further research into the use of ginger as an adjunct to massage therapy , particularly ttm , is recommended ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether @-week stenting of the pelvi-ureteric anastomosis of laparoscopic or robot-assisted pyeloplasty is as effective as @-week stenting , based on their respective success rates .", "a total of @ patients with pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction were treated by anderson-hynes pyeloplasty and the anastomosis was stented using a @-f jj catheter for either @ week ( @w series ) or @ weeks ( @w series ) , based on a randomisation protocol .", "postoperative follow-up was performed at @ months using intravenous urography ( ivu ) , at @ months using diuretic renography and at @ , @ and @ years using ultrasonography .", "statistical analysis was performed using a one-sided z-test , pearsons 's chi-squared test and a wilcoxon rank sum test .", "the primary outcome measure , success rate , which was defined as no obstruction on ivu and diuretic renography , was @ % in the @w series and not inferior to the success rate of @ % in the @w series ( p = @ ) .", "the following secondary outcome measures were not significantly different between the @w and the @w series with regard to residual symptoms ( @ vs @ % ; p = @ ) , rate of complications ( @ vs @ % ; p = @ ) , need for synchronous robot-assisted pyelolithotomy ( @ vs @ % ; p = @ ) , improvement in split renal function ( @ vs @ % ; p = @ ) and duration of surgery ( @ vs @min ; p = @ ) .", "only length of hospital stay was significantly different ; this was shorter in the @w series ( @ vs @ days ; p = @ ) .", "stenting of the pelvi-ureteric anastomosis after laparoscopic or robot-assisted pyeloplasty for @ week is as effective as stenting for @ weeks .", "both procedures , laparoscopic or robot-assisted pyeloplasty have an excellent success rate ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we previously reported results of our on-line microsurgery training program , showing that residents who had access to our website significantly improved their cognitive and technical skills .", "in this study , we report an objective means for expert evaluators to reliably rate trainees ' technical skills under the microscope , with the use of our novel global rating scale .", "`` microsurgery essentials '' ( http://smartmicrosurgery.com ) is our on-line training curriculum .", "residents were randomly divided into @ groups : @ group reviewed this online resource and the other did not .", "pre - and post-tests consisted of videotaped microsurgical sessions in which the trainee performed `` microsurgery '' on @ different models : latex glove , penrose drain , and the dorsal vessel of a chicken foot .", "the smart ( stanford microsurgery and resident training ) scale , consisting of @ categories graded on a @-point likert scale , was used to assess the trainees .", "results were analyzed with anova and student t test , with p less than @ indicating statistical significance .", "seventeen residents participated in the study .", "the smart scale adequately differentiated the performance of more experienced senior residents ( pgy-@ to pgy-@ , total average score = @ ) from less experienced junior residents ( pgy-@ to pgy-@ , total average score = @ , p < @ ) .", "residents who viewed themselves as being confident received a higher score on the smart scale ( average score @ ) , compared to residents who were not as confident ( average score @ ) ( p < @ ) .", "there were no significant differences in scoring among all @ evaluators ( p > @ ) .", "additionally , junior residents who had access to our website showed a significant increase in their graded technical performance by @ points when compared to residents who did not have access to the website who showed an improvement of only @ points ( p = @ ) .", "our smart scale is valid and reliable in assessing the microsurgical skills of residents and other trainees .", "current trainees are more likely to use self-directed on-line education because of its easy accessibility and interactive format .", "our global rating scale can help ensure residents are achieving appropriate technical milestones ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the efficacy of timolol @ % gel in preventing increased intraocular pressure ( iop ) after uncomplicated cataract surgery .", "in this prospective , double-blinded , randomized study were enrolled @ patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation .", "after cataract surgery , @ patients received a single instillation of timolol @ % gel ( group a ) ; @ a single instillation of timolol @ % eyedrops ( group b ) ; and @ no treatment ( group c ) .", "the iop was measured before surgery ( t@ ) and @ minutes ( t@ ) , @ hours @ minutes ( t@ ) , @ hours @ minutes ( t@ ) , and @ hours @ minutes after surgery ( t@ ) .", "the patients in groups a and b had lower mean iop values than those in group c at t@ , t@ , and t@ ; iop was higher at t@ and t@ than at t@ in the control group .", "the iop spikes in group c were higher than those observed in groups a and b : at t@ , they were observed in @ % of the patients in group a , @ % in group b , and @ % in group c ; and at t@ , in respectively @ % , @ % , and @ % ; and at t@ , in respectively @ % , @ % , and @ % .", "timolol @ % gel is as effective as timolol @ % eyedrops in reducing iop and in limiting the occurrence of iop spikes for up to @ hours after phacoemulsification ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effects of a breastfeeding intervention on primiparous mothers ' breastfeeding self-efficacy , breastfeeding duration and exclusivity at @ and @ weeks postpartum .", "few studies have examined the effects of breastfeeding self-efficacy on improved breastfeeding outcomes among primiparous mothers in china .", "an experimental pre-test and posttest , two-group design was used in the study .", "a total of @ participants were recruited to the study from a tertiary hospital in central china , from june-october @ .", "an individualized , standardized nursing intervention based on the self-efficacy theory was delivered to enhance mothers ' breastfeeding self-efficacy , breastfeeding duration and exclusivity at @ and @ weeks postpartum .", "participants were randomly assigned to an intervention or referent group .", "participants in the intervention group received three individualized , self-efficacy-enhancing sessions .", "participants in the referent group received standard care .", "participants in the intervention group showed significantly greater increases in breastfeeding self-efficacy , exclusivity and duration than participants in the control group at @ and @ weeks postpartum ( except for duration at @ weeks ) .", "high baseline breastfeeding self-efficacy predicted higher breastfeeding self-efficacy later and more exclusive breast-feeding .", "the findings in this study suggest that intervention aimed at increasing self-efficacy has a significant impact on maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and short-term breastfeeding outcomes ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to examine risk moderation of an alcohol intervention targeting parents and adolescents .", "a cluster randomized trial including @ dutch early adolescents ( m = @ years , sd = @ ) and their parents randomized over four conditions : parent intervention , student intervention , combined parent-student intervention , and control group .", "@ classes of @ high schools in the netherlands ( @ ) .", "moderators at baseline ( adolescent : gender , educational level and externalizing behavior ; parent : educational level and heavy alcohol use ) were used to examine the differential effects of the interventions on onset of ( heavy ) weekly drinking at @-month follow-up .", "the combined intervention effectively delayed the onset of weekly drinking in the general population of adolescents , and was particularly effective in delaying the onset of heavy weekly drinking in a higher-risk subsample of adolescents ( i.e. those attending lower levels of education and reporting higher levels of externalizing behavior ) .", "present and previous results have established the combined intervention to be universally effective in postponing weekly alcohol use among dutch adolescents , with an added effect on postponing heavy weekly drinking in high risk subgroups .", "therefore , implementation of this intervention in the general population of schools in the netherlands is advised .", "ntr@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "knowledge among critical care nurses and their adherence to evidence-based guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia is reported to be low .", "the aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of human patient simulation ( hps ) education in the nursing management of patients requiring mechanical ventilation .", "a prospective , parallel , randomized controlled trial with repeated measurements was conducted in a @-bed adult mixed medical-surgical intensive care unit in finland from february-october @ .", "thirty critical care nurses were allocated evenly to intervention and control groups ( n = @ each ) .", "the effectiveness of hps education was evaluated through the validated ventilator bundle questionnaire and ventilator bundle observation schedule at baseline and repeated twice-after the clinical and simulation settings , respectivley .", "after hps education , the average skill scores ( ventilator bundle observation schedule ) in the intervention group increased significantly ( @ % -@ % of the total score ) in the final postintervention observation .", "in the average skill scores , a linear mixed model identified significant time ( pt < @ ) and group ( p ( g ) = @ ) differences and time-group interactions ( p ( t * g ) = @ ) between the study groups after the hps education .", "in contrast , the model did not identify any significant change over time ( p ( t ) = @ ) or time-group interactions ( p ( t ) = @ ) between groups in average knowledge scores ( ventilator bundle questionnaire ) .", "our study identified significant transfer of learned skills to clinical practice following hps education but no influence on the level of participants ' factual knowledge ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "immediate breast reconstruction with an expander is a reasonable option for properly selected patients .", "after reconstruction , patients have severe postoperative pain , which responds poorly to opioids .", "our aim was to evaluate if continuous wound infusion of a local anaesthetic into the surgical wound reduces postoperative pain , consumption of opioids and incidence of chronic pain compared to standard intravenous piritramide after primary breast reconstruction in breast carcinoma patients .", "altogether , @ patients were enrolled in our study ; one half in the group with wound infusion of a local anaesthetic , and the other half in the standard ( piritramide ) group .", "parameters measured included : pain intensity ( visual analogue scale ) , drug requirements , alertness , hospitalisation , side-effects and late complications .", "a p-value of < @ was considered statistically significant .", "in the recovery room , the test group reported less acute pain at rest ( p = @ ) and at activity ( p = @ ) , and on the day of the surgical procedure they reported less pain at activity ( p = @ ) .", "consumption of piritramide and metoclopramide was lower in this group ( p < @ ) , but their alertness after the surgical procedure was higher compared to the standard group ( p < @ ) .", "after three months , the test group reported less chronic pain ( p = @ ) .", "after primary tissue expander breast reconstruction , wound infusion of a local anaesthetic significantly reduces acute pain and enables reduced opioid consumption , resulting in less postoperative sedation and reduced need for antiemetic drugs .", "wound infusion of a local anaesthetic reduces chronic pain ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to explore whether poor initial insight during a first episode of mania with psychotic features was predictive of poor psychosocial and clinical outcomes at @ months .", "secondary analysis was performed on data collected during an @-week rct comparing the efficacy of olanzapine versus chlorpromazine as an adjunct to lithium , and at @-month follow-up .", "@ participants were divided into three groups ( no insight , partial insight , and full insight ) according to the insight item from the young mania rating scale ( ymrs ) .", "differences between these three groups were examined at baseline and at @ months on measures of symptoms ( ymrs , hamd-@ , and cgi-s ) , and social and occupational functioning ( sofas ) .", "baseline differences between the three groups were determined using general linear models and chi-squared analyses .", "group differences from baseline to @-month follow-up were determined using repeated measures general linear models .", "at baseline there were significant differences between the three insight groups in terms of mania and functioning , but at @ months all groups had improved significantly in terms of psychopathology , mania , depression and social and occupational functioning .", "there were no significant differences between the three groups at study completion with respect to these domains .", "the study was limited by the lack of availability of a more detailed rating scale for insight , and it did not account for the duration of untreated psychosis ( dui ) .", "poor initial insight during a first episode of mania with psychotic features does not predict poor clinical and psychosocial outcome at @ months ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "new surgical techniques and devices have been described that decrease post-tonsillectomy morbidities .", "this study aimed to compare the two most popular tonsillectomy techniques .", "forty children underwent tonsillectomies using both the thermal welding and cold dissection techniques .", "in each patient , one side was removed with thermal welding and the other was removed with cold dissection .", "there was a significant decrease in intra-operative blood loss , and the mean operation time was significantly lower on the thermal welding side compared with the cold dissection side .", "on the cold dissection side , tissue healing ( i.e. the rate of complete tissue healing ) was better and less pain was reported compared with the thermal welding side .", "however , there were no significant differences between the two techniques in terms of throat pain scores on the @st , @rd or @th day post-operatively , or tissue healing scores on any of the post-operative days assessed .", "cold dissection resulted in better tissue healing and lower pain scores than thermal welding , but thermal welding was associated with less intra-operative blood loss and lower mean operation time than cold dissection ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "several probiotic strains have been shown to enhance human resistance to infectious disease .", "it is speculated that these strains may impose this effect by excretion of anti-microbial components , by competing with pathogens for intestinal nutrients and/or mucosal adhesion sites or modulating the immune system .", "a parallel , double-blind , placebo-controlled @-week intervention was performed in healthy males , to study the effect of a blend of probiotic bacteria ( lactobacillus helveticus rosell-@ , lactobacillus rhamnosus rosell-@ , bifidobacterium longum ssp .", "longum rosell-@ ) and a probiotic yeast ( saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii cncm i-@ ) on enterotoxigenic escherichia coli ( etec ) challenge .", "primary outcomes studied were fecal etec excretion and total fecal output per day .", "subjects were randomized to the probiotic ( @ @ ( @ ) colony-forming units ( cfus ) ; twice daily ; n = @ ) or placebo group ( twice daily ; n = @ ) .", "after @ weeks , subjects were orally challenged with a live attenuated etec ( @ @ ( @ ) cfu ) , previously demonstrated to induce mild , short-lived symptoms of a foodborne infection .", "before and after etec challenge , subjects collected @h fecal samples .", "compliance to study guidelines , stool consistency ( bristol stool score ) , stool frequency , and frequency and severity of gastrointestinal ( gi ) complaints were recorded by the subjects on a daily record questionnaire .", "etec challenge induced a significant increase in fecal etec excretion in both groups .", "however , a statistically significant increase in fecal output was only observed in the probiotic group .", "etec challenge resulted in a decrease in the percentage of fecal dry weight , and an increase in reported bristol stool score , stool frequency and gi complaints .", "dietary probiotics significantly decreased the percentage of fecal dry weight .", "in addition , etec increased c-reactive protein , total secretory immunoglobulin a ( iga ) and immunoglobulin g colonization factor antigen ii .", "dietary probiotics did not increase resistance to oral attenuated etec challenge in human subjects ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the impact of three different macular carotenoid formulations on macular pigment optical density and visual performance in subjects with early age-related macular degeneration .", "fifty-two subjects were supplemented and followed for @ months , @ of them were in intervention group @ ( @ mg/day lutein and @ mg/day zeaxanthin ) ; @ in group @ ( @ mg/day meso-zeaxanthin , @ mg/day lutein , and @ mg/day zeaxanthin ) ; and @ in group @ ( @ mg/day meso-zeaxanthin , @ mg/day lutein , and @ mg/day zeaxanthin ) .", "the macular pigment optical density was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry , and visual function was assessed using corrected distance visual acuity and by letter contrast sensitivity .", "a statistically significant increase in the macular pigment optical density was observed at all measured eccentricities in group @ ( p @ ) and in group @ ( p < @ , for all ) , but only at @ in group @ ( p = @ ) .", "statistically significant ( p < @ ) improvements in letter contrast sensitivity were seen at all spatial frequencies ( except @ cycles per degree ) in group @ , and at low spatial frequencies in groups @ and @ .", "augmentation of the macular pigment optical density across its spatial profile and enhancements in contrast sensitivity were best achieved after supplementation with a formulation containing high doses of meso-zeaxanthin in combination with lutein and zeaxanthin ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in the predict study , a randomised controlled trial comparing dexamethasone with prednisolone in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy ( cidp ) , almost a quarter of patients deteriorated soon after starting treatment .", "the primary objective of this post-hoc analysis was to test the hypothesis that a focal demyelination pattern is associated with early deterioration after corticosteroid treatment and to explore whether various clinical characteristics are associated with deterioration after corticosteroid treatment .", "clinical outcome was categorised into early deterioration and non-early deterioration .", "a neurophysiologist blinded for treatment outcome scored electrophysiological data into following categories : pure focal versus non-focal distribution of demyelination and no/minor versus moderate/severe sensory involvement .", "additionally , we compared electrophysiological and clinical baseline parameters , with emphasis on previously reported possible associations .", "early deterioration was found in @ out of @ patients ( @ % ) .", "ten patients had pure focal distribution of demyelination , of whom @ had early deterioration ; @ patients had non-focal distribution , of whom @ had early deterioration ( p = @ ) .", "higher mean median nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity ( sncv ) was found in patients with early deterioration compared to patients with non-early deterioration ( @ and respectively @ m/s , p = @ ) .", "pure focal distribution of demyelination and lesser sensory electrophysiological abnormalities may be associated with early deterioration in cidp patients treated with corticosteroids ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "although azacitidine ( aza ) improves survival in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome , the overall response remains approximately @ % .", "entinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has been combined with aza with significant clinical activity in a previous phase i dose finding study .", "open label phase ii randomized trial comparing aza @ mg/m ( @ ) / d given for @ days entinostat @ mg/m ( @ ) / d day @ and day @ .", "all subtypes of myelodysplasia , chronic myelomonocytic leukemia , and acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes were eligible for the study .", "the primary objective was the rate of hematologic normalization ( hn ; complete remission + partial remission + trilineage hematological improvement ) .", "one hundred forty-nine patients were analyzed , including @ patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and @ patients with acute myeloid leukemia .", "in the aza group , @ % ( @ % ci , @ % to @ % ) experienced hn and @ % ( @ % ci , @ % to @ % ) in the aza + entinostat group .", "both arms exceeded the hn rate of historical control ( cancer and leukemia group b @ trial ) , but only the aza group fulfilled the primary objective of the study .", "rates of overall hematologic response were @ % and @ % , respectively .", "median overall survivals were @ months for the aza group and @ months for the aza + entinostat group .", "the combination arm led to less demethylation compared with the monotherapy arm , suggesting pharmacodynamic antagonism .", "addition of entinostat to aza did not increase clinical response as defined by the protocol and was associated with pharmacodynamic antagonism .", "however , the prolonged administration of aza by itself seems to increase hn rate compared with standard dosing and warrants additional investigation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "periodic breathing ( pb ) during sleep and exercise in heart failure ( hf ) is related to respiratory acid-base status , co@ chemosensitivity , and temporal dynamics of co@ and o@ sensing .", "we studied inhaled co@ and acetazolamide to alter these factors and reduce pb .", "we measured expired and arterial gases and pb amplitude and duration in @ hf patients during exercise before and after acetazolamide given acutely ( @ mg intravenously ) and prolonged ( @ hours , @ g orally ) , and we performed overnight polysomnography .", "we studied co@ inhalation ( @ % -@ % ) during constant workload exercise .", "pb disappeared in @/@ and @/@ patients during @ % and @ % co@ .", "no changes in cardiorespiratory parameters were observed after acute acetazolamide .", "with prolonged acetazolamide at rest : ventilation +@ @ l/min ( p = @ ) , tidal volume +@ @ l ( p = @ ) , respiratory rate +@ @ breaths/min ( ns ) , end-tidal po@ +@ @ mm hg ( p = @ ) , and end-tidal pco@ -@ @ mm hg ( p < @ ) .", "at maximum exercise : watts -@ % ( p < @ ) , vo@ -@ @ ml/min ( p = @ ) and vco@ @ @ ml/min ( p < @ ) .", "among @ patients , pb disappeared in @ and @ subjects after acute and prolonged acetazolamide , respectively .", "pb was present @ % @ , @ % @ , and @ % @ of exercise time before and after acute and prolonged acetazolamide , respectively .", "overnight apnea/hypopnea index decreased from @ @ to @ @ ( p = @ ) .", "in hf , inhaled co@ and acetazolamide reduce exercise pb with additional benefits of acetazolamide on sleep pb ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in the present study , `` diabegon '' a poly-herbal preparation , with hypoglycemic activity , was evaluated for its preventive effect in metabolic syndrome subjects with type @ diabetes and also to reveal its side effects , on liver and kidney .", "type @ diabetic subjects with metabolic syndrome ( n = @ ) were categorized on the basis of age and fasting blood glucose .", "the grouping was as follows : group i ( @-@ yrs ) , group ii ( @-@ yrs ) , group iii > @ yrs , group iv fbs < @ , group v fbs > @ .", "each group was administered @ gm of diabegon daily .", "blood glucose levels , lipid profile , liver and kidney function of the subjects were regularly monitored within @ months of interval to @ months .", "the reduction in fasting blood glucose level ranged from @ % ( p < @ ) to @ % ( p < @ ) after @ month of therapy whereas in postprandial blood glucose , the decrease ranged from @ % ( p < @ ) to @ % ( p < @ ) after @ month of therapy .", "overall reductions in the individual parameters of the metabolic syndrome subjects were significantly higher in group i. cholesterol level decreased from @ % to @ % ( p < @ ) , triglyceride levels decreased from @ % to @ % , vldl and ldl levels reduced by @ % & @ % respectively after @ months of therapy .", "the hdl-c level increased in all groups .", "moreover , diabegon administration for @ years exhibited no alteration in liver and kidney function tests , which indicate its non-toxicity .", "our study suggests that diabegon could be included as a preventive treatment in metabolic syndrome subjects with type @ diabetes especially for long term treatment as it efficiently shows anti-hyperglycemic and anti-lipidemic effects with no adverse impacts on the liver and kidney ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "diet may substantially alter prostate cancer initiation and progression .", "however , large-scale clinical trials of diet modification have yet to be performed for prostate cancer .", "the men 's eating and living ( meal ) study ( calgb @ -lsb- alliance -rsb- ) is investigating the effect of increased vegetable consumption on clinical progression in men with localized prostate cancer .", "meal is a randomized , phase iii clinical trial designed to test whether an intervention that increases vegetable intake will decrease the incidence of clinical progression in men with clinically localized prostate cancer on active surveillance .", "we are randomizing @ patients to either a validated telephone-based diet counseling intervention or a control condition in which patients receive a published diet guideline .", "the intervention will continue for two years .", "the primary outcome variable is clinical progression defined by serum prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) and pathological findings on follow-up prostate biopsy .", "secondary outcome variables include incidence of surgical and non-surgical treatments for prostate cancer , prostate-cancer related patient anxiety and health-related quality of life .", "the meal study is assessing the effectiveness of a high-vegetable diet intervention for preventing clinical progression in men with localized prostate cancer on active surveillance ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "current clinical assessments of motor function in huntington 's disease ( hd ) rely on subjective ratings such as the unified huntington 's disease rating scale ( uhdrs ) .", "the ability to track disease progression using simple , objective , inexpensive , and robust measures would be beneficial .", "one objective measure of motor performance is hand-tapping .", "over the last @ years we have routinely collected , using a simple device , the number of taps made by the right and left hand over @ seconds in hd patients attending our nhs clinics .", "here we report on a longitudinal cohort of @ patients , which includes patients at all stages of the disease on a wide range of drug therapies .", "hand tapping in these patients declines linearly at a rate of @ taps per year ( p < @ ; @ % ci = @ to @ taps ) , and for each additional year of age patients could perform @ fewer taps ( main effect of age : p = @ ; @ % ci = @ to @ ) .", "individual trajectories can vary widely around this average rate of decline , and much of this variation could be attributed to cag repeat length .", "genotype information was available for a subset of @ patients , and for each additional repeat , patients could perform @ fewer taps ( p < @ ; @ % ci = @ to @ taps ) , and progressed at a faster rate of @ fewer taps per year ( cag by time interaction : p = @ ; @ % ci = @ to @ taps ) .", "in addition , for each unit decrease in total functional capacity ( tfc ) within individuals , the number of taps decreased by @ ( @ % ci = @ to @ , p < @ ) .", "hand tapping is a simple , robust , and reliable marker of disease progression .", "as such , this simple motor task could be a useful tool by which to assess disease progression as well therapies designed to slow it down ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "prostate cancer screening depends on a careful balance of benefits , in terms of reduced prostate cancer mortality , and harms , in terms of overdiagnosis and overtreatment .", "we aimed to estimate the effect on overdiagnosis of restricting prostate specific antigen ( psa ) testing by age and baseline psa .", "estimates of the effects of age on overdiagnosis were based on population based incidence data from the us surveillance , epidemiology and end results database .", "to investigate the relationship between psa and overdiagnosis , we used two separate cohorts subject to psa testing in clinical trials ( n = @,@ and n = @,@ ) and a population-based cohort of swedish men not subject to psa-screening followed for @ years ( n = @,@ ) .", "if psa testing had been restricted to younger men , the number of excess cases associated with the introduction of psa in the us would have been reduced by @ % , @ % and @ % for age cut-offs of @ , @ and @ , respectively .", "the risk that a man with screen-detected cancer at age @ would not subsequently lead to prostate cancer morbidity or mortality decreased exponentially as psa approached conventional biopsy thresholds .", "for psas below @ ng/ml , the risk of a positive biopsy is @ ( @ % ci @ , @ ) times greater than subsequent prostate cancer mortality .", "prostate cancer overdiagnosis has a strong relationship to age and psa level .", "restricting screening in men over @ to those with psa above median ( > @ ng/ml ) and screening men over @ only in selected circumstances would importantly reduce overdiagnosis and change the ratio of benefits to harms of psa-screening ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of the study was to compare the outcome of laparoscopic sacral colpocervicopexy with laparoscopic pectopexy .", "our aim was to show that the safety and effectiveness of the new technique is similar to the traditional technique .", "we expected differences regarding defecation disorders .", "we randomly assigned patients to two treatment groups : @ in the pectopexy and @ in the sacropexy group .", "if necessary , the operative procedures were planned in a so-called multicompartment setting regarding the different pelvic floor disorders .", "all defects were managed at the same time .", "eighty-one patients were examined @ to @ months after treatment ( mean follow-up @ months ) .", "the long-term follow-up ( @ months for pectopexy and @ months for sacropexy ) showed a clear difference regarding de novo defecation disorders ( @ % in the pectopexy vs @ % in the sacropexy group ) .", "the incidence of de novo stress urinary incontinence was @ % ( pectopexy ) vs @ % ( sacropexy ) .", "the incidence of rectoceles ( @ % vs @ % ) was similar in both groups .", "no de novo lateral defect cystoceles were found after pectopexy , whereas @ % were found after sacropexy .", "the apical descensus relapse rates , @ % for pectopexy vs @ % for sacropexy , were not statistically significant .", "the occurrence of de novo anterior defect cystoceles and rectoceles revealed no significant differences .", "laparoscopic pectopexy is a novel method of vaginal prolapse therapy that offers clear practical advantages compared with laparoscopic sacropexy .", "because laparoscopic pectopexy does not reduce the pelvic space , it results in a zero percentage of defecation disorders ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the effect of dietary macronutrient composition on the rate of gestational weight gain among women in sub-saharan africa is unclear .", "to examine the effect of macronutrient intake on the rate of gestational weight gain among hiv-negative women in tanzania .", "the weights of @,@ women were measured monthly from @ weeks of gestation to term .", "prenatal dietary intake was estimated as the cumulative average of multiple @-hour dietary recalls .", "the association between energy intake and percentage of energy from carbohydrate , protein , and total fat and rate of weight gain ( grams per month ) was estimated from generalized estimating equation models .", "macronutrient effects were adjusted for total energy using the nutrient density model and maternal age , maternal height , maternal mid-upper-arm circumference , parity , marital status , maternal occupation , maternal education , household wealth , season , and treatment regimen assignment .", "body mass index ( bmi ) was considered as a confounder and a potential modifier of the effect of macronutrient intake on gestational weight gain .", "a @ g/month increase in rate of weight gain was associated with every @-kcal increment in daily total energy intake ( @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "analyses substituting @ % of energy from fat by protein showed that weight gain would decrease by @ g/month ( @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) ; substituting @ % of energy from carbohydrate by protein decreased gain by @ g/month ( @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "baseline bmi did not modify these associations .", "further research on the effects of macronutrient composition on gestational weight gain is needed to inform the design of supplementation programs for women in developing countries ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "implementation of self-management support in traditional primary care settings has proved difficult , encouraging the development of alternative models which actively link to community resources .", "chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is a common condition usually diagnosed in the presence of other co-morbidities .", "this trial aimed to determine the effectiveness of an intervention to provide information and telephone-guided access to community support versus usual care for patients with stage @ ckd .", "in a pragmatic , two-arm , patient level randomised controlled trial @ patients with a diagnosis of stage @ ckd were recruited from @ general practices in greater manchester .", "patients were randomised to intervention ( @ ) or usual care ( @ ) .", "primary outcome measures were health related quality of life ( eq-@d health questionnaire ) , blood pressure control , and positive and active engagement in life ( heiq ) at @ months .", "at @ months , mean health related quality of life was significantly higher for the intervention group ( adjusted mean difference = @ ; @ % ci = @ , @ ) and blood pressure was controlled for a significantly greater proportion of patients in the intervention group ( adjusted odds-ratio = @ ; @ % ci = @ , @ ) .", "patients did not differ significantly in positive and active engagement in life .", "the intervention group reported a reduction in costs compared with control .", "an intervention to provide tailored information and telephone-guided access to community resources was associated with modest but significant improvements in health related quality of life and better maintenance of blood pressure control for patients with stage @ ckd compared with usual care .", "however , further research is required to identify the mechanisms of action of the intervention .", "controlled-trials .", "com isrctn@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a furazolidone-based quadruple rescue regimen in patients with previously failed helicobacter pylori ( h.pylori ) eradication treatment .", "a total of @ patients were recruited from july @ to june @ at beijing hospital and randomized into one of the following @-day treatment regimens : ( @ ) esomeprazole @ mg twice daily , furazolidone @ mg twice daily , amoxicillin @ mg twice daily , bismuth salts @ mg thrice daily for @ days .", "( @ ) esomeprazole @ mg twice daily , levofloxacin @ mg daily , amoxicillin @ mg twice daily , bismuth salts @ mg thrice daily for @ days .", "h.pylori status was re-assessed with the ( @ ) c-urea breath test at @ weeks after the end of therapy .", "the intention-to-treat ( itt ) and per-protocol ( pp ) h.pylori eradication rates were @ % ( @/@ ) and @ % ( @/@ ) in the furazolidone-based quadruple group , and @ % ( @/@ ) and @ % ( @/@ ) in the levofloxacin-based quadruple group respectively ( ( @ ) = @ , @ ; p = @ , @ ) .", "the @-day furazolidone-based quadruple therapy is an efficacious rescue strategy in patients with previously failed eradication therapy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "tetra ( terrestrial trunked radio ) is a digital radio communication standard , which has been implemented in several european countries and is used by public executives , transportation services , and by private companies .", "studies on possible impacts on the users ' health considering different exposure conditions are missing .", "to investigate possible acute effects of electromagnetic fields ( emf ) of two different levels of tetra hand-held transmitter signals on cognitive function and well-being in healthy young males .", "in the present double-blind cross-over study possible effects of short-term ( @ h ) emf exposure of handset-like signals of tetra ( @ mhz ) were studied in @ healthy male participants ( meansd : @ years ) .", "individuals were tested on nine study days , on which they were exposed to three different exposure conditions ( sham , tetra @ w/kg and tetra @ w/kg ) in a randomly assigned and balanced order .", "participants were tested in the afternoon at a fixed timeframe .", "attention remained unchanged in two out of three tasks .", "in the working memory significant changes were observed in two out of four subtasks .", "significant results were found in @ out of @ tested parameters , four of them led to an improvement in performance .", "mood , well-being and subjective somatic complaints were not affected by tetra exposure .", "the results of the present study do not indicate a negative impact of a short-term emf-effect of tetra on cognitive function and well-being in healthy young men ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "theory suggests the uptake of a medical innovation is influenced by how potential adopters perceive innovation characteristics and by characteristics of potential adopters .", "innovation adoption is slow among the first @ % of individuals in a target group and then accelerates .", "the quality initiative in rectal cancer ( qirc ) trial assessed if rectal cancer surgery outcomes could be improved through surgeon participation in the qirc strategy .", "we tested if traditional uptake of innovation concepts applied to surgeons in the experimental arm of the trial .", "the qirc strategy included workshops , access to opinion leaders , intraoperative demonstrations , postoperative questionnaires , and audit and feedback .", "for intraoperative demonstrations , a participating surgeon invited an outside surgeon to demonstrate optimal rectal surgery techniques .", "we used surgeon timing in a demonstration to differentiate early and late adopters of the qirc strategy .", "surgeons completed surveys on perceptions of the strategy and personal characteristics .", "nineteen of @ surgeons ( @ % ) requested an operative demonstration on their first case of rectal surgery .", "early and late adopters had similar perceptions of the qirc strategy and similar characteristics .", "late adopters were less likely than early adopters to perceive an advantage for the surgical techniques promoted by the trial ( p = @ ) .", "most traditional diffusion of innovation concepts did not apply to surgeons in the qirc trial , with the exception of the importance of perceptions of comparative advantage ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "target temperature management is recommended as a neuroprotective strategy after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest .", "potential effects of different target temperatures on cognitive impairment commonly described in survivors have not been investigated sufficiently .", "the primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether a target temperature of @c compared with @c was favorable for cognitive function ; the secondary aim was to describe cognitive impairment in cardiac arrest survivors in general .", "study sites included @ cardiac arrest survivors originally randomized and stratified for site to temperature control at @c or @c within the target temperature management trial .", "survival until @ days after the arrest was @ % ( @c , n = @/@ ; @c , n = @/@ ) .", "survivors were invited to a face-to-face follow-up , and @ cardiac arrest survivors ( @c , n = @/@c , n = @ ) were assessed with tests for memory ( rivermead behavioural memory test ) , executive functions ( frontal assessment battery ) , and attention/mental speed ( symbol digit modalities test ) .", "a control group of @ matched patients hospitalized for acute st-segment-elevation myocardial infarction without cardiac arrest performed the same assessments .", "half of the cardiac arrest survivors had cognitive impairment , which was mostly mild .", "cognitive outcome did not differ ( p > @ ) between the @ temperature groups ( @c/@c ) .", "compared with control subjects with st-segment-elevation myocardial infarction , attention/mental speed was more affected among cardiac arrest patients , but results for memory and executive functioning were similar .", "cognitive function was comparable in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest when a temperature of @c and @c was targeted .", "cognitive impairment detected in cardiac arrest survivors was also common in matched control subjects with st-segment-elevation myocardial infarction not having had a cardiac arrest .", "url : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov .", "unique identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus infection and represent one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases .", "many infections are transient but the virus may recur , persist , or become latent .", "to date , there is no effective antiviral treatment to eliminate hpv infection and most therapies are aimed at the destruction of visible lesions .", "potassium hydroxide is a strong alkali that has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of genital warts and molluscum contagiosum .", "cryotherapy is considered one of the most established treatments for genital warts .", "no comparative trials have been reported to date on the use of potassium hydroxide for genital warts .", "a prospective , open-label , randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare topical potassium hydroxide versus cryotherapy in the treatment of genital warts affecting immunocompetent , sexually active men .", "over a period of @ months , @ patients were enrolled .", "they were randomly divided into two groups and selected on an alternative basis for either potassium hydroxide therapy or cryotherapy .", "while response to therapy did not differ substantially between both treatment modalities , side effects such as local pain and post-treatment hypopigmentation were considerably more prevalent in the groups treated using cryotherapy .", "in our study , potassium hydroxide therapy proved to be at least as effective as cryotherapy and offered the benefit of a better safety profile .", "topical @ % potassium hydroxide presents an effective , safe , and low-cost treatment modality for genital warts in men and should be included in the spectrum of therapies for genital warts ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "hallux valgus with an increased intermetatarsal angle is usually treated with a proximal metatarsal osteotomy .", "the proximal chevron osteotomy is commonly used but is technically difficult .", "this study compares the proximal opening wedge osteotomy of the first metatarsal with the proximal chevron osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus with an increased intermetatarsal angle .", "this prospective , randomized multicenter ( three-center ) study was based on the clinical outcome scores of the short form-@ , the american orthopaedic foot & ankle society forefoot questionnaire , and the visual analog scale for pain , activity , and patient satisfaction .", "subjects were assessed prior to surgery and at three , six , and twelve months postoperatively .", "surgeon preference was evaluated based on questionnaires and the operative times required for each procedure .", "no significant differences were found for any of the patients ' clinical outcome measurements between the two procedures .", "the proximal opening wedge osteotomy was found to lengthen , and the proximal chevron osteotomy was found to shorten , the first metatarsal .", "the intermetatarsal angles improved ( decreased ) significantly , from @ @ to @ @ ( mean and standard deviation ) after a proximal opening wedge osteotomy and from @ @ to @ @ after a proximal chevron osteotomy ( p < @ for both ) .", "operative time required for performing a proximal opening wedge osteotomy is similar to that required for performing a proximal chevron osteotomy ( mean and standard deviation , @ @ minutes compared with @ @ minutes ; p = @ ) .", "opening wedge and proximal chevron osteotomies have comparable radiographic outcomes and comparable clinical outcomes for pain , satisfaction , and function .", "the proximal opening wedge osteotomy lengthens , and the proximal chevron osteotomy shortens , the first metatarsal .", "the proximal opening wedge osteotomy was subjectively less technically demanding and was preferred by the orthopaedic surgeons in this study .", "therapeutic level i. see instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "METHODS" ]

[ "the recent sharp trial clearly demonstrated that a reduction in low-density lipoprotein ( ldl ) cholesterol with a daily regimen of simvastatin plus ezetimibe safely reduced the incidence of major atherosclerotic events in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .", "we aimed to compare the efficacy of and adverse effects from statin uptitration versus statin in combination with ezetimibe since only a few studies have addressed this question .", "this was a randomized , open-label , multicenter trial that included @ patients with ckd whose ldl cholesterol levels were not reduced below @ mg/dl despite a minimum dose of statin therapy .", "patients received double doses of statin or usual statin dose with the addition of ezetimibe @ mg daily .", "the observation period was @ year during which time patients were checked regularly in clinic for adverse effects as well as for usual laboratory examinations .", "the key prespecified outcome was the incidence of adverse effects , which included skeletal muscle complaints , myalgia , muscle weakness , and muscle cramps with and without elevated ck levels .", "increases in alanine transaminase ( alt ) or aspartate transaminase ( ast ) levels > @ times the upper limit of normal ( uln ) were considered clinically significant adverse effects .", "adverse events occurred in @/@ in the combination group and in @/@ in the statin uptitration group ( p < @ ) .", "moreover , in patients with ckd of stages @-@ , rates were @/@ in the combination group versus @/@ in the statin uptitration group ( p < @ ) .", "no serious adverse effects such as rhabdomyolysis were noted in either group .", "serum creatinine levels remained essentially unchanged in both groups except in ckd stages @ and @ .", "reductions in ldl cholesterol were similar between the two groups at the start of and at the end of the study .", "during the study , no atherosclerotic events were reported in either group .", "when statin uptitration produces adverse effects such as myopathy , combination therapy with ezetimibe is recommended instead of statin alone ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "family-based treatment models that have shown effectiveness with juvenile offenders may also lead to reduced criminality in siblings of those offenders .", "however , the lasting effects of such treatments on siblings have not been evaluated .", "in the present study , the authors examined criminal outcomes for siblings of serious and violent juvenile offenders who had participated on average @ years earlier in a clinical trial of multisystemic therapy ( mst ; borduin et al. , @ ) .", "participants were @ closest-in-age siblings of individuals who were originally randomized to mst or individual therapy ( it ) during adolescence .", "arrest and incarceration data were obtained in middle adulthood when siblings were on average @ years old .", "intent-to-treat analyses showed that arrest rates were significantly lower for siblings in the mst condition than in the it condition ( @ % vs. @ % , respectively ) .", "in addition , siblings in the it condition were about @ times as likely to be convicted of a felony and more than twice as likely to be sentenced to incarceration and probation .", "the present study represents the longest follow-up to date of sibling participants in an mst clinical trial and demonstrates that the positive impact of an evidence-based treatment for serious and violent juvenile offenders can extend to other family members .", "implications of the authors ' findings for policymakers and service providers are discussed ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "community-acquired bacterial meningitis ( cabm ) is a life-threatening condition that is common among immunocompromised individuals .", "intravenous ceftriaxone , of which rocephin ( roc ) is the originator brand , is recommended as first-line therapy in south africa .", "despite concerns regarding therapeutic equivalence with generic agents , this is the first study that has been conducted comparing clinical pharmacokinetics ( pk ) of a generic ceftriaxone formulation with the originator .", "to compare the pk and safety of aspen ceftriaxone ( ac ) and roc in the treatment of adult cabm.methods .", "a total of @ eligible patients were randomised @:@ to receive @ g of either medication twice daily for a duration based on the identity of the causative organism and their physician 's clinical judgment .", "the primary endpoint of this study was the comparison of clinical pk , specifically the concentrations of each drug in the cerebrospinal fluid with corresponding paired plasma samples .", "while this study was underpowered to assess efficacy , safety could be evaluated on the basis of reported adverse events .", "the two patient groups were epidemiologically similar .", "there were no statistically significant differences in pk between either agent , nor any difference with regard to safety .", "ac can be considered as equivalent to roc with regard to pk and safety in patients with cabm ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "although self-efficacy ( se ) and outcome expectancy ( oe ) have been well researched as predictors of outcome , few studies have investigated changes in these variables across treatments .", "we evaluated changes in oe and se throughout treatment as predictors of outcomes in a large sample with panic disorder , generalized anxiety disorder , social anxiety disorder , or posttraumatic stress disorder .", "we hypothesized that increases in se and oe would predict reductions in anxiety and depression as well as improvement in functioning .", "participants ( mean age = @ years , sd = @ , @ % female , @ % white ) were recruited from primary care centers throughout the united states and were randomized to receive either coordinated anxiety learning and management ( calm ) treatment - composed of cognitive behavioral therapy , psychotropic medication , or both - or usual care .", "se and oe ratings were collected at each session for participants in the calm treatment ( n = @ ) and were entered into a structural equation model as predictors of changes in brief symptom inventory , anxiety sensitivity index , patient health questionnaire ( phq ) , and sheehan disability scale outcomes at @ , @ , and @ months after baseline .", "the best-fitting models predict symptom levels from oe and se and not vice versa .", "the slopes and intercept of oe significantly predicted change in each outcome variable except phq-@ .", "the slope and intercept of se significantly predicted change in each outcome variable .", "over and above absolute level , increases in se and oe were significant predictors of decreases in symptoms and increases in functioning .", "implications for treatment are discussed , as well as future directions of research ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle exercise with the concentration therapy versus pelvic floor muscle exercise alone after radical prostatectomy .", "one hundred thirty five patients were randomized into the intervention group that concentration therapy was added to kegel exercise , and control group that was kegel exercise only , using the stratified randomization ( stratified by taking the catheter off before and after discharge ) and type of surgery .", "incontinence was defined as a loss of urine equal or more than to @ grams in one-hour pad test , before and after the test in each sample group .", "follow-up results were obtained by phone visit at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ weeks after surgery", "in the intervention group , @ of @ cases ( @ % ) had continence in three months , compared to @ of @ ( @ % ) in the control group , with significant statistical difference ( p-value < @ ) .", "the secondary result was the regularity in practicing .", "it was @ % in total .", "in the intervention group , @ of @ cases ( @ % ) practiced compared to @ of @ ( @ % ) in the control group , which was significant difference between the two groups .", "combined concentration therapy with kegel exercise had significantly improved continence after radical prostatectomy" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of self-tapping and self-drilling placement techniques on the stability of miniscrews .", "we included @ orthodontic patients who received miniscrews ( @ screws ) .", "miniscrews measuring @ mm in diameter and @ mm in length were placed using the self-tapping ( @ patients , @ screws ) and self-drilling ( @ patients , @ screws ) methods .", "we examined the success rates , placement torque values , periotest ( medizintechnik gulden , bensheim , germany ) values , rates of root contact , and influence of root contact on mobility .", "cone-beam computed tomography was used to evaluate root contact .", "miniscrews that endured an orthodontic force for @ months or more were considered successful .", "the success rates of the miniscrews were approximately @ % with either placement technique .", "the placement torques were @ and @ n cm in the self-tapping and self-drilling miniscrews , respectively ( p > @ ) .", "the periotest values of the self-drilling method were significantly greater than those of the self-tapping method .", "the periotest values of the self-drilling miniscrews with root contact were significantly greater than those with no root contact .", "both placement techniques showed high stability in the maxillary bone , although the self-drilling miniscrews with root contact had greater mobility .", "special attention to root contact further improves the stability of the self-drilling miniscrews ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "treatment options for wild-type braf melanoma patients remain limited .", "selumetinib , a mek @/@ inhibitor , suppresses perk levels independent of braf and nras mutation status , and combination with docetaxel has demonstrated synergy in xenograft models .", "the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of selumetinib plus docetaxel as first-line treatment in patients with wild-type braf advanced melanoma .", "in this double-blind multicentre phase ii trial patients with wild-type braf melanoma were randomized ( @:@ ) to docetaxel with selumetinib or placebo .", "docetaxel @ mg/m ( @ ) was administered intravenously every @ weeks up to six cycles .", "selumetinib @ mg or placebo was given orally twice daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity .", "the primary end point was progression-free survival ( pfs ) .", "tumour nras mutation status was analysed retrospectively and correlated with treatment outcomes .", "eighty-three patients were randomized to docetaxel plus selumetinib ( n = @ ) or docetaxel plus placebo ( n = @ ) .", "the pfs hazard ratio ( hr ) ( selumetinib : placebo ) was @ -lsb- @ % confidence interval ( ci ) @-@ @ ; p = @ -rsb- , with a median pfs of @ months ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) for docetaxel plus selumetinib and @ months ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) for docetaxel alone .", "there was no significant difference in overall survival .", "the objective response rate was @ % with selumetinib versus @ % with placebo ( p = @ ) .", "in a retrospective subset analysis , nras mutation status did not affect significantly upon clinical outcomes in either arm .", "the combination of docetaxel and selumetinib could be administered effectively to patients with metastatic melanoma , although the combination was less well tolerated than docetaxel alone .", "the combination of docetaxel with selumetinib showed no significant improvement in pfs compared with docetaxel alone , although more patients showed a response to combination therapy .", "we found no evidence to support using tumour nras mutation as a basis for selecting patients for combined mek inhibitor and chemotherapy .", "doc-mek ( eudract no : @-@-@ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "cesarean delivery may reduce placental-fetal transfusion and thus increase the risk of early childhood anemia compared with vaginal delivery , but this notion has not been carefully studied in longitudinal cohorts .", "the aim was to assess the association of cesarean delivery with anemia in infants and children in @ longitudinal chinese birth cohorts from different socioeconomic settings .", "cohort @ was recruited from @ counties in northeastern china and cohort @ from @ counties or cities in southeastern china .", "cohort @ involved @,@ infants born during @-@ to mothers with early pregnancy baseline hemoglobin concentrations ranging from @ to @ g/l , whereas cohort @ involved @,@ children born during @-@ to mothers with baseline hemoglobin concentrations ranging from @ to @ g/l .", "the main outcomes were anemia at @ and @ mo in cohort @ and at @ mo in cohort @ .", "multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate adjusted ors of anemia for cesarean compared with vaginal delivery .", "stratified analyses were performed by pre - and postlabor cesarean delivery and according to maternal baseline hemoglobin concentration ( @ , @-@ , @-@ , and @ g/l ) .", "cesarean delivery was not associated with anemia at @ mo in cohort @ ( adjusted or : @ ; @ % ci : @ , @ ) ; however , cesarean delivery was associated with increased anemia at @ mo in cohort @ ( adjusted or : @ ; @ % ci : @ , @ ) and at @ mo in cohort @ ( adjusted or : @ ; @ % ci : @ , @ ) .", "the positive associations for anemia at @ and @ mo were consistent across maternal hemoglobin subgroups and persisted for cesarean delivery subtypes .", "cesarean delivery is likely associated with anemia in children , which suggests a possible need for exploring changes in obstetric care that might prevent anemia in cesarean-delivered children ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "nivolumab ( a programmed death @ -lsb- pd-@ -rsb- checkpoint inhibitor ) and ipilimumab ( a cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-associated antigen @ -lsb- ctla-@ -rsb- checkpoint inhibitor ) have been shown to have complementary activity in metastatic melanoma .", "in this randomized , double-blind , phase @ study , nivolumab alone or nivolumab plus ipilimumab was compared with ipilimumab alone in patients with metastatic melanoma .", "we assigned , in a @:@:@ ratio , @ previously untreated patients with unresectable stage iii or iv melanoma to nivolumab alone , nivolumab plus ipilimumab , or ipilimumab alone .", "progression-free survival and overall survival were coprimary end points .", "results regarding progression-free survival are presented here .", "the median progression-free survival was @ months ( @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- , @ to @ ) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab , as compared with @ months ( @ % ci , @ to @ ) with ipilimumab ( hazard ratio for death or disease progression , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p < @ ) , and @ months ( @ % ci , @ to @ ) with nivolumab ( hazard ratio for the comparison with ipilimumab , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p < @ ) .", "in patients with tumors positive for the pd-@ ligand ( pd-l@ ) , the median progression-free survival was @ months in the nivolumab-plus-ipilimumab group and in the nivolumab group , but in patients with pd-l@-negative tumors , progression-free survival was longer with the combination therapy than with nivolumab alone ( @ months -lsb- @ % ci , @ to not reached -rsb- vs. @ months -lsb- @ % ci , @ to @ -rsb- ) .", "treatment-related adverse events of grade @ or @ occurred in @ % of the patients in the nivolumab group , @ % of those in the nivolumab-plus-ipilimumab group , and @ % of those in the ipilimumab group .", "among previously untreated patients with metastatic melanoma , nivolumab alone or combined with ipilimumab resulted in significantly longer progression-free survival than ipilimumab alone .", "in patients with pd-l@-negative tumors , the combination of pd-@ and ctla-@ blockade was more effective than either agent alone .", "( funded by bristol-myers squibb ; checkmate @ clinicaltrials.gov number , nct@ . )" ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( tavr ) is an option in certain high-risk surgical patients with severe aortic valve stenosis .", "it is unknown whether tavr can be safely introduced to lower-risk patients .", "the notion ( nordic aortic valve intervention trial ) randomized clinical trial compared tavr with surgical aortic valve replacement ( savr ) in an all-comers patient cohort .", "patients @ years old with severe aortic valve stenosis and no significant coronary artery disease were randomized @:@ to tavr using a self-expanding bioprosthesis versus savr .", "the primary outcome was the composite rate of death from any cause , stroke , or myocardial infarction ( mi ) at @ year .", "a total of @ patients were randomized at @ nordic centers .", "mean age was @ years , and @ % were considered low-risk patients .", "in the intention-to-treat population , no significant difference in the primary endpoint was found ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ for superiority ) .", "the result did not change in the as-treated population .", "no difference in the rate of cardiovascular death or prosthesis reintervention was found .", "compared with savr-treated patients , tavr-treated patients had more conduction abnormalities requiring pacemaker implantation , larger improvement in effective orifice area , more total aortic valve regurgitation , and higher new york heart association functional class at @ year .", "savr-treated patients had more major or life-threatening bleeding , cardiogenic shock , acute kidney injury ( stage ii or iii ) , and new-onset or worsening atrial fibrillation at @ days than did tavr-treated patients .", "in the notion trial , no significant difference between tavr and savr was found for the composite rate of death from any cause , stroke , or mi after @ year .", "( nordic aortic valve intervention trial -lsb- notion -rsb- ; nct@ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "current guidelines suggest a fasting time of @ h for clear fluids , which is often exceeded in clinical practice , leading to discomfort , dehydration and stressful anaesthesia induction to patients , especially in the paediatric population .", "shorter fluid fasting might be a strategy to improve patient comfort but has not been investigated yet .", "this prospective clinical trial compares gastric ph and residual volume after @ vs @ h of preoperative clear fluid fasting .", "children ( @-@ yr , asa i or ii ) undergoing elective procedures in general anaesthesia requiring tracheal intubation were randomized into group a with @ min or b with @ min preoperative clear fluid fasting .", "to determine gastric ph and residual volume , the gastric content was sampled in supine , left and right lateral patient position using an oro-gastric tube after intubation .", "data are median ( interquartile range ) for group a or b ( p < @ ) .", "in total , @ children aged @-@ @ yr were included ; gastric ph was determined in @ cases .", "patient characteristic data were similar between the two groups , except for gender ( @/@ males in group a/b ; p = @ ) .", "despite significantly shorter fasting times for clear fluids in group a compared with group b ( @/@ min ; p < @ ) , no significant difference was observed regarding gastric ph -lsb- @ ( @-@ @ ) / @ ( @-@ @ ) , p = @ -rsb- or residual volume -lsb- @ ( @-@ @ ) / @ ( @-@ @ ) ml kg ( -@ ) , p = @ -rsb- .", "one hour clear fluid fasting does not alter gastric ph or residual volume significantly compared with @ h fasting .", "the study was approved by the local ethics committee ( kek-zh-nr .", "@-@ ) and registered with clinicaltrials.gov ( nct@ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the objective of this study was to explore the significance of assessing irreversible airway obstruction ( iao ) in asthma patients by high-resolution computed tomography ( hrct ) , biological markers in induced sputum , and exhaled nitric oxide ( feno ) .", "the study was conducted in @ patients with iao , @ patients with reversible airway obstruction ( rao ) , @ patients who did not have airway obstruction ( nao ) , and @ healthy subjects serving as controls .", "these patients received a step therapy for at least @ months based on the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of asthma .", "after achieving complete or partial control of asthma , hrct , lung function , feno , and chemokine levels in induced sputum were measured .", "the airway wall area ( wa ; % ) correlated with forced expiratory volume-@ ( fev-@ ( l ) ; r = -@ , p < @ ) , and significant differences in bronchial wall thickening ( bwt ) of the level e generation airways were observed between the asthma and control groups ( p < @ ) .", "feno levels correlated with fev-@ ( % ) in the iao group ( r = @ , p = @ ) .", "the levels of matrix metalloproteases-@ ( mmp-@ ) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-@ ( timp-@ ) in asthma patients with iao , rao , and nao were significantly higher than those in the controls ( p < @ ) .", "the level of neutrophilia in the sputum from the iao group was higher than that from the rao , nao and control groups .", "asthma patients with iao have an increased bwt .", "airway measurements with hrct scans appear to be valuable in the evaluation of airway remodeling in asthma patients with iao ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to observe the difference in the therapeutic effects on knee osteoarthritis ( koa ) among auricular electroacupuncture therapy plus isolated moxibustion with lingxian herbal paste ( combined therapy ) , electroacupuncture ( ea ) and tdp irradiation .", "eighty-nine cases were randomized into three groups .", "in the combined therapy group ( @ cases ) , the auricular electroacupuncture therapy was adopted together with the isolated moxibustion with lingxian herbal paste .", "the auricular points were xi ( ah@ ) , pizhixia ( at@ ) , shenmen ( tf@ ) , etc. .", "the lingxian herbal paste was applied at yanglingquan ( gb @ ) , dubi ( st @ ) , zusanli ( st @ ) , neixiyan ( ex-le @ ) , heding ( ex-le @ ) and ashi points .", "in ea group ( @ cases ) , ea was applied at the acupoints that were same as those in the isolated moxibustion with lingxian herbal paste .", "in tdp group ( @ cases ) , tdp irradiation was given at the affected knee .", "the treatment was given once every day , @ treatments made one session and there was @ week at the interval among sessions .", "totally , @ sessions of treatment were required .", "koa clinical symptom and physical sign score and the single item pain symptom score of lequesne index were observed before treatment and @ week after treatment in the patients of each group separately .", "the efficacies were compared among the three groups .", "one week after treatment , the total score of symptoms and physical signs of the patients in each group was reduced significantly as compared with that before treatment ( all p < @ ) .", "the improvements in the symptoms and physical signs in the combined therapy group were better than those in the other two groups ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ , both p < @ ) .", "the improvement in pain in the combined therapy group was also better than that in the other two groups ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , p < @ ; @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , p < @ ) .", "the curative rate in the combined therapy group was @ % ( @/@ ) , which was higher than @ % ( @/@ ) in ea group and @ % ( @/@ ) in tdp group separately ( both p < @ ) .", "the overall efficacy in the combined therapy group was superior to the other two groups ( p < @ ) .", "the auricular electroacupuncture therapy plus isolated moxibustion with lingxian herbal paste is advantageous at the total score of the symptoms and physical signs and the overall efficacy in the patients of koa as compared with ea at the local acupoints and local tdp irradiation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the successful recruitment and retention of participants is integral to the translation of research findings .", "we examined the recruitment and retention rates of racial/ethnic minority adolescents at a center involved in the national institutes of health obesity research for behavioral intervention trials ( orbit ) initiative by the @ recruitment strategies used : clinic , informatics , and community .", "during the @-month study , @ family dyads , each composed of an obese african american adolescent and a caregiver , enrolled in a @-month weight-loss intervention , a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial .", "we compared recruitment and retention rates by recruitment strategy and examined whether recruitment strategy was related to dyad baseline characteristics .", "of the @ enrolled families , @ ( @ % ) were recruited through clinics , @ ( @ % ) through informatics , and @ ( @ % ) through community .", "of those recruited through community , @ % enrolled in the study , compared with @ % through clinics and @ % through informatics .", "active refusal rate was @ % .", "of the @,@ families identified for the study , @ passively refused to participate : @ ( @ % ) identified through informatics , @ ( @ % ) through community , and @ ( @ % ) through clinics .", "recruitment strategy was not related to the age of the adolescent , adolescent comorbidities , body mass index of the adolescent or caregiver , income or education of the caregiver , or retention rates at @ months , @ months , or @ months .", "study retention rate was @ % .", "using multiple recruitment strategies is beneficial when working with racial/ethnic minority adolescents , and each strategy can yield good retention .", "research affiliated with health care systems would benefit from the continued specification , refinement , and dissemination of these strategies ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether any tumor biomarkers could account for the survival advantage observed in the lnh @-@b trial among patients with diffuse large b-cell lymphoma ( dlbcl ) and low-intermediate risk according to the international prognostic index when treated with dose-intensive rituximab , doxorubicin , cyclophosphamide , vindesine , bleomycin , and prednisone ( r-acvbp ) compared with standard rituximab , doxorubicin , cyclophosphamide , vincristine , and prednisone ( r-chop ) .", "using immunohistochemistry , expression of cd@ , bcl@ , mum@ , myc , and bcl@ and coexpression of myc/bcl@ were examined .", "the interaction effects between each biomarker and treatment arm on survival were studied in a restricted model and a full model incorporating clinical parameters .", "among the @ patients analyzed in the trial , @ tumors were evaluable for germinal center b-cell-like ( gcb ) / non-gcb subclassification according to the hans algorithm .", "among all the biomarkers , only the interaction between the hans algorithm and the treatment arm was significant for progression-free survival ( pfs ) and overall survival ( os ) in univariable ( pfs , p = @ ; os , p = @ ) and multivariable ( pfs , p = @ ; os , p = @ ) analyses .", "non-gcb tumors predicted worse pfs ( hazard ratio -lsb- hr -rsb- , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) and os ( hr , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) among patients treated with r-chop compared with patients who received r-acvbp , whereas there were no significant survival differences between these regimens among patients with gcb tumors .", "the survival benefit related to r-acvbp over r-chop is at least partly linked to improved survival among patients with non-gcb dlbcl .", "therefore , the hans algorithm could be considered a theragnostic biomarker for selecting young patients with dlbcl who can benefit from an intensified r-acvbp immunochemotherapy regimen ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "glucose , the conventional osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) solutions , may contribute to atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia and increased cardiovascular risk .", "to determine whether a low-glucose pd regimen may improve the serum lipid and lipoprotein profile in patients with diabetes .", "a prospective , open-label , parallel group , multinational , randomized , controlled trial with a @-month follow-up , comprising @ patients with diabetes receiving pd .", "patients were randomized to a low-glucose pd regimen ( dextrose-based pd solution plus icodextrin , a starch polymer , and amino acids ) or a conventional pd regimen ( dextrose pd solutions ) .", "serum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles were determined at baseline and @ and @ months .", "serum triglycerides , very low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol , and apolipoprotein b ( apob ) decreased significantly in the intervention group at both @ and @ months compared with baseline ( serum triglycerides : median change at @ months -@ mmol/l , p < @ , at @ months -@ mmol/l , p < @ ; very low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol : -@ mg/dl , p < @ ; -@ mg/dl , p < @ ; and apob : -@ mg/dl , p < @ ; -@ mg/dl , p = @ , respectively ) and also compared with the control group .", "in contrast , apob levels increased significantly in the control group at @ and @ months compared with baseline ( @ mg/dl , p = @ ; @ mg/dl , p = @ , respectively ) .", "percentage of patients on lipid-lowering medications at baseline and intensity of therapy was equivalent in each group .", "the apob decrease was not affected by lipid-lowering medications in the intervention group .", "a low glucose-pd regimen significantly improved the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype compared with pd patients treated with a conventional glucose regimen ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "epidemiological studies have shown that low levels of dehydroepiandrosterone might increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome .", "the aim of this study was to evaluate whether dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine would influence the anthropometric and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome .", "male schizophrenic patients ( no = @ ) participated in a twelve-week , randomized , double blind , placebo controlled study .", "they received @ mg dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) or placebo as an augmentation of olanzapine treatment ( an average dosage @ mg/day ) .", "main outcomes of the study were changes in lipid profile , fasting glucose levels , body mass index and waist circumference values .", "forty five patients completed the study .", "there were no major changes in the overall cholesterol value , hdl cholesterol , ldl cholesterol or triglycerides in either group .", "the results of the repeated measures analysis of the system : fasting glucose level @x , ( at the beginning and end of the study ) , @x ( the study group and the control group ) , showed a significant interaction ( f = @ , df = @ p = @ ) .", "the blood glucose level was decreased in the dhea group .", "furthermore , increases in waist circumference ( delta = -@ , t = -@ ; df = @ ; p = @ ) and bmi value ( delta = -@ , t = -@ ; df = @ ; p = @ ) were observed in the placebo group .", "dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation results in stabilization of bmi , waist circumference and fasting glycaemia values in schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine .", "to confirm the insulin-like effect of dehydroepiandrosterone , long-term research concentrating on the evaluation of glucose metabolism has to be performed ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the relief of migraine pain , especially in the acute phase , by comparing active treatment , ie , kinetic oscillation stimulation ( kos ) in the nasal cavity , with placebo .", "exploratory trials testing the efficacy of kos on migraine patients indicated that this treatment could be a fast-acting remedy for acute migraine pain .", "thirty-six patients were randomized @:@ using a placebo module to active or placebo treatment in this double-blinded parallel design study .", "treatment was administered with a minimally invasive inflatable tip oscillating catheter .", "symptom scores ( @-@ visual analog scale ) were obtained before treatment , every @ minutes during treatment , at @ minutes , @ , and @ hours post-treatment , as well as daily ( @-@ migraine pain scale ) from @ days pretreatment until day @ post .", "thirty-five patients were evaluated ( active n = @ , placebo n = @ ) .", "the primary end-point was the change in average pain score from before treatment to @ minutes after treatment .", "patients who received active treatment reported reduced pain , eg , average visual analog scale pain scores fell from @ before treatment to @ @ minutes after , while the corresponding scores for recipients of placebo fell from @ to @ .", "the changes in pain scores differed between the @ treatments by @ points ( @ % confidence interval : @ , @ ) , p < @ .", "already @ minutes into the treatment , the difference ( @ points ) was significant ( p = @ ) .", "the difference was likewise significant at @ hours post-treatment ( @ points , p < @ ) .", "one patient experienced an adverse event ( a vasovagal reaction with full spontaneous recovery ) during placebo treatment .", "kos is an effective and safe treatment for acute migraine pain ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "melasma is a common disorder of facial hyperpigmentation that is often resistant to treatment .", "to evaluate the efficacy of trichloroacetic acid ( tca ) peeling in comparison with double frequency q-switched neodymium-doped : yttrium aluminum garnet ( qs-nd : yag ) laser in the treatment of melasma .", "sixty-five adult egyptian female patients with melasma were enrolled in this study .", "wood light was used for determination of the histological type of melasma .", "the patients were divided into @ groups according to treatment modalities : peeling with different concentrations of tca and double frequency qs-nd : yag laser .", "trichloroacetic acid peeling was performed every @ weeks up to @ sessions , whereas laser treatment was performed every month up to @ sessions .", "melasma area and severity index ( masi ) score was used before and after treatment for evaluation .", "improvement percentage of masi score was significantly higher among patients treated with tca @ % ( p < @ ) .", "epidermal type of melasma was significantly improved compared with the dermal type ( p = @ ) .", "q-switched neodymium-doped : yttrium aluminum garnet laser showed the highest incidence of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation ( @ % ) .", "trichloroacetic acid peeling is effective in the treatment of melasma , tca @ % was the most effective concentration .", "q-switched neodymium-doped : yttrium aluminum garnet laser is not recommended in the treatment of melasma because it was associated with the highest incidence of complications ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we investigated whether @ months of androgen suppression plus radiotherapy , with or without @ months of zoledronic acid , is more effective than @ months of neoadjuvant androgen suppression plus radiotherapy with or without zoledronic acid .", "we did an open-label , randomised , @ factorial trial in men with locally advanced prostate cancer ( either t@a n@ m@ prostatic adenocarcinomas with prostate-specific antigen -lsb- psa -rsb- @ g/l and a gleason score of @ , or t@b-@ n@ m@ tumours regardless of psa and gleason score ) .", "we randomly allocated patients by computer-generated minimisation -- stratified by centre , baseline psa , tumour stage , gleason score , and use of a brachytherapy boost -- to one of four groups in a @:@:@:@ ratio .", "patients in the control group were treated with neoadjuvant androgen suppression with leuprorelin ( @ mg every @ months , intramuscularly ) for @ months ( short-term ) and radiotherapy alone ( designated stas ) ; this procedure was either followed by another @ months of androgen suppression with leuprorelin ( intermediate-term ; itas ) or accompanied by @ months of zoledronic acid ( @ mg every @ months for @ months , intravenously ; stas plus zoledronic acid ) or by both ( itas plus zoledronic acid ) .", "the primary endpoint was prostate cancer-specific mortality .", "this analysis represents the first , preplanned assessment of oncological endpoints , @ years after treatment .", "analysis was by intention-to-treat .", "this trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .", "between oct @ , @ , and aug @ , @ , @ men were randomly assigned to stas ( n = @ ) , stas plus zoledronic acid ( n = @ ) , itas ( n = @ ) , and itas plus zoledronic acid ( n = @ ) .", "median follow-up was @ years ( iqr @-@ ) .", "cumulative incidences of prostate cancer-specific mortality were @ % ( @ % ci @-@ ) in the stas group , @ % ( @-@ ) in the stas plus zoledronic acid group , @ % ( @-@ ) in the itas group , and @ % ( @-@ ) in the itas plus zoledronic acid group .", "cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality was @ % ( @-@ ) , @ % ( @-@ ) , @ % ( @-@ ) , and @ % ( @-@ ) , respectively .", "neither prostate cancer-specific mortality nor all-cause mortality differed between control and experimental groups .", "cumulative incidence of psa progression was @ % ( @-@ ) in the stas group , @ % ( @-@ ) in the stas plus zoledronic acid group , @ % ( @-@ ) in the itas group , and @ % ( @-@ ) in the itas plus zoledronic acid group .", "compared with stas , no difference was noted in psa progression with itas or stas plus zoledronic acid ; however , itas plus zoledronic acid reduced psa progression ( sub-hazard ratio -lsb- shr -rsb- @ , @ % ci @-@ ; p = @ ) .", "cumulative incidence of local progression was @ % ( @-@ ) in the stas group , @ % ( @-@ ) in the stas plus zoledronic acid group , @ % ( @-@ ) in the itas group , and @ % ( @-@ ) in the itas plus zoledronic acid group ; no differences were noted between groups .", "cumulative incidences of bone progression were @ % ( @-@ ) , @ % ( @-@ ) , @ % ( @-@ ) , and @ % ( @-@ ) , respectively .", "compared with stas , stas plus zoledronic acid increased the risk of bone progression ( shr @ , @ % ci @-@ ; p = @ ) , but no differences were noted with the other two groups .", "cumulative incidence of distant progression was @ % ( @-@ ) in the stas group , @ % ( @-@ ) in the stas plus zoledronic acid group , @ % ( @-@ ) in the itas group , and @ % ( @-@ ) in the itas plus zoledronic acid group ; no differences were recorded between groups .", "cumulative incidence of secondary therapeutic intervention was @ % ( @-@ ) , @ % ( @-@ ) , @ % ( @-@ ) , and @ % ( @-@ ) , respectively .", "compared with stas , itas plus zoledronic acid reduced the need for secondary therapeutic intervention ( shr @ , @ % ci @-@ ; p = @ ) ; no differences were noted with the other two groups .", "an interaction between trial factors was recorded for gleason score ; therefore , we did pairwise comparisons between all groups .", "post-hoc analyses suggested that the reductions in psa progression and decreased need for secondary therapeutic intervention with itas plus zoledronic acid were restricted to tumours with a gleason score of @-@ , and that itas was better than stas in tumours with a gleason score of @ or lower .", "long-term morbidity and quality-of-life scores were not affected adversely by @ months of androgen suppression or zoledronic acid .", "compared with stas , itas plus zoledronic acid was more effective for treatment of prostate cancers with a gleason score of @-@ , and itas alone was effective for tumours with a gleason score of @ or lower .", "nevertheless , these findings are based on secondary endpoint data and post-hoc analyses and must be regarded cautiously .", "long - term follow-up is necessary , as is external validation of the interaction between zoledronic acid and gleason score .", "stas plus zoledronic acid can be ruled out as a potential therapeutic option .", "national health and medical research council of australia , novartis pharmaceuticals australia , abbott pharmaceuticals australia , new zealand health research council , new zealand cancer society , university of newcastle ( australia ) , calvary health care ( calvary mater newcastle radiation oncology fund ) , hunter medical research institute , maitland cancer appeal , cancer standards institute new zealand ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "gender dysphoria is characterized by a strong discomfort with the gender assigned at birth and the urge to live as a member of the opposite gender .", "the acquisition of phenotypic features of the desired gender requires the use of cross-sex hormones .", "female-to-male ( ftm ) transsexual persons are treated with testosterone to induce virilization .", "the aim of the study was to assess the effects of three different testosterone formulations on body weight and composition and metabolic and bone parameters .", "forty-five ftm transsexuals were randomly assigned to receive testoviron depot ( i.m. : @mg/@ days ; n = @ ) , testosterone gel ( @mg/die ; n = @ ) , and testosterone undecanoate ( i.m. : @,@ mg every @ weeks for the first @ weeks and then every @ weeks , n = @ ) .", "ftm individuals were studied before , at week @ , and at week @ of testosterone treatment .", "anthropometric , metabolic , bone , hematological , and biochemical parameters were evaluated at baseline and after @ months of treatment .", "lean body mass significantly increased and fat mass decreased in all groups .", "no modifications were reported in fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity index .", "high-density plasma lipoprotein levels declined significantly and low-density lipoprotein concentrations increased significantly in the three groups .", "the activated partial thromboplastin time and factor i did not change while prothrombin time significantly increased in all groups .", "at week @ , all subjects were amenorrheic and time to amenorrhea did not differ between the three groups .", "current general life satisfaction was increased in all subjects after @ year of treatment .", "one-year testosterone administration in ftm transsexuals appears to be very safe with no differences among the testosterone formulations used .", "our study is preliminary , and the detection of subtle or long-term differences in the effects of the three formulations may require further larger and longer term studies in this and other populations ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "migraine shows gender-specific incidence and has a higher prevalence in females .", "gender plays an important role in the prevalence of migraine , but few studies have investigated the effect of gender on the cognitive functions of migraine patients .", "this study investigated gender differences in the cognitive function of migraine patients without aura .", "we recruited @ migraine patients ( @ females ; mean age @ y ) during the interictal period and @ healthy age-matched participants ( @ females ; mean age @ y ) .", "we used an auditory oddball paradigm to analyze target processing using event-related potentials .", "we investigated the n@ and p@ components .", "the p@ amplitude was decreased in patients compared with the control , and this reduction was not modulated by gender .", "these results of the p@ provided a new evidence for the dysfunction of cognitive function in migraine patients .", "the n@ amplitude was larger for male than female migraine patients , and this gender effect was not found in the control group .", "these results of the p@ provided a new evidence for the dysfunction of cognitive function in migraine patients .", "and those of n@ may explain that male patients have the super-sensitivity of cerebral function relevant to the early target-selection and response preparation .", "our findings emphasize the importance of considering gender when researching the cognitive function of migraine patients ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "data about the influence of the type of sedation on yield , complications , and tolerance of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration ( ebus-tbna ) are based mostly on retrospective studies and are largely inconsistent .", "to determine whether the type of sedation influences the diagnostic yield of ebus-tbna , its complication rates , and patient tolerance .", "patients referred for ebus-tbna were randomized ( @:@ ) to undergo this procedure under general anesthesia ( ga ) or moderate sedation ( ms ) .", "pathologists were blinded to group allocation .", "the main outcome was `` diagnostic yield , '' defined as the percentage of patients for whom ebus-tbna rendered a specific diagnosis .", "one hundred and forty-nine patients underwent ebus-tbna , @ under ga and @ under ms. demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were well balanced .", "two hundred and thirty-six lymph nodes ( lns ) and six masses were sampled in the ga group ( average , @ @ sites/patient ) , and @ lns and six masses in the ms group ( average , @ @ sites/patient ) ( p = @ ) .", "the diagnostic yield was @ % ( @ of @ ) and @ % ( @ of @ ) for the ga group and ms group , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "the sensitivity was @ % in the ga group ( confidence interval , @-@ % ) and @ % in the ms group ( confidence interval , @-@ % ) ( p = @ ) .", "ebus was completed in all patients in the ga group , and in @ patients ( @ % ) in the ms group ( p = @ ) .", "there were no major complications or escalation of care in either group .", "minor complications were more common in the ms group ( @ vs. @ % ) ( p < @ ) .", "most patients stated they `` definitely would '' undergo this procedure again in both groups ( p = @ ) .", "ebus-tbna performed under ms results in comparable diagnostic yield , rate of major complications , and patient tolerance as under ga. .", "future prospective multicenter studies are required to corroborate our findings .", "clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov ( nct @ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to describe the interindividual variability in physical function responses to supervised resistance and aerobic exercise training interventions in older adults .", "data analysis of two randomized , controlled exercise trials .", "community-based research centers .", "overweight and obese ( body mass index ( bmi ) @ kg/m@ ) sedentary men and women aged @ to @ ( n = @ ) .", "five months of @ d/wk of aerobic training ( at , n = @ ) or @ d/wk of resistance training ( rt , n = @ ) .", "physical function assessments : global measure of lower extremity function ( short physical performance battery ( sppb ) ) , @-m walk , peak aerobic capacity ( vo@ peak ) , and knee extensor strength .", "on average , both exercise interventions significantly improved physical function .", "for at , there was a @ % increase in vo@ peak ; individual absolute increases varied from @ to @ ml/kg per minute , and four participants ( @ % ) showed no change or a decrease in vo@ peak .", "for rt , knee extensor strength improved an average of @ % ; individual increases varied from @ to @ nm , and @ participants ( @ % ) showed no change or a decrease in strength .", "usual gait speed , @-m walk time , chair rise time , and sppb improved for the majority of at participants and usual gait speed , chair rise time , and sppb improved for the majority of rt participants , but there was wide variation in the magnitude of improvement .", "only change in @-m walk time with rt was related to exercise adherence ( correlation coefficient = -@ , p = @ ) .", "despite sufficient levels of adherence to both exercise interventions , some participants did not improve function , and the magnitude of improvement varied widely .", "additional research is needed to identify factors that optimize responsiveness to exercise to maximize its functional benefits in older adults ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "people with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis ( mdr-tb ) in low-income countries face many problems during treatment , and cure rates are low .", "the purpose of the study was ( a ) to identify and document the problems experienced by people receiving care for mdr-tb , and how they cope when support is not provided , to inform development of strategies ; ( b ) to estimate the effectiveness of two resultant strategies , counselling alone , and joint counselling and financial support , of increasing dots-plus treatment success under routine programme conditions .", "a mixed-method study comprising a formative qualitative study , pilot intervention study and explanatory qualitative study to better understand barriers to completion of treatment for mdr-tb .", "participants were all people starting mdr-tb treatment in seven dots-plus centres in the kathmandu valley , nepal during january to december @ .", "the primary outcome measure was cure , as internationally defined .", "mdr-tb treatment caused extreme social , financial and employment hardship .", "most patients had to move house and leave their job , and reported major stigmatisation .", "they were concerned about the long-term effects of their disease , and feared infecting others .", "in the resultant pilot intervention study , the two strategies appeared to improve treatment outcomes : cure rates for those receiving counselling , combined support and no support were @ % , @ % and @ % respectively .", "compared with no support , the ( adjusted ) risk ratios of cure for those receiving counselling and receiving combined support were @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) and @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) respectively .", "the explanatory study demonstrated that patients valued both forms of support .", "mdr-tb patients are extremely vulnerable to stigma and extreme financial hardship .", "provision of counselling and financial support may not only reduce their vulnerability , but also increase cure rates .", "national tuberculosis programmes should consider incorporating financial support and counselling into mdr-tb care : costs are low , and benefits high , especially since costs to society of incomplete treatment and potential for incurable tb are extremely high ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "acute kidney injury often goes unrecognised in its early stages when effective treatment options might be available .", "we aimed to determine whether an automated electronic alert for acute kidney injury would reduce the severity of such injury and improve clinical outcomes in patients in hospital .", "in this investigator-masked , parallel-group , randomised controlled trial , patients were recruited from the hospital of the university of pennsylvania in philadelphia , pa , usa .", "eligible participants were adults aged @ years or older who were in hospital with stage @ or greater acute kidney injury as defined by kidney disease improving global outcomes creatinine-based criteria .", "exclusion criteria were initial hospital creatinine @ mg/dl ( to convert to mol/l , multiply by @ ) or greater , fewer than two creatinine values measured , inability to determine the covering provider , admission to hospice or the observation unit , previous randomisation , or end-stage renal disease .", "patients were randomly assigned ( @:@ ) via a computer-generated sequence to receive an acute kidney injury alert ( a text-based alert sent to the covering provider and unit pharmacist indicating new acute kidney injury ) or usual care , stratified by medical versus surgical admission and intensive care unit versus non-intensive care unit location in blocks of @-@ participants .", "the primary outcome was a composite of relative maximum change in creatinine , dialysis , and death at @ days after randomisation .", "all analyses were by intention to treat .", "this study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .", "between sept @ , @ , and april @ , @ , @,@ patients were screened .", "@ eligible participants were assigned to the acute kidney injury alert group and @ were assigned to the usual care group .", "composite relative maximum change in creatinine , dialysis , and death at @ days did not differ between the alert group and the usual care group ( p = @ ) , or within any of the four randomisation strata ( all p > @ ) .", "at @ days after randomisation , median maximum relative change in creatinine concentrations was @ % ( iqr @-@ ) in the alert group and @ % ( @-@ ) in the usual care group ( p = @ ) ; @ ( @ % ) patients in the alert group and @ ( @ % ) patients in usual care group had received dialysis ( odds ratio @ -lsb- @ % ci @-@ -rsb- ; p = @ ) ; and @ ( @ % ) patients in the alert group and @ ( @ % ) patients in the usual care group had died ( @ -lsb- @-@ -rsb- ; p = @ ) .", "an electronic alert system for acute kidney injury did not improve clinical outcomes among patients in hospital .", "penn center for healthcare improvement and patient safety ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to compare planning and patient rehabilitation using a @d dental planning software and dedicated surgical guides with conventional rehabilitation of partially or fully edentulous patients using flapless or mini-flap procedures and immediate loading .", "fifty-one fully or partially edentulous patients requiring at least @ implants to be restored with a single prosthesis , having at least @ mm of bone height and @ mm in bone width , had their implant rehabilitation planned on three-dimensional ( @d ) cone beam computed tomography ( cbct ) scans using a dedicated software .", "afterwards they were randomised according to a parallel group study design into two arms : computer-guided implant placement aided with templates ( computer-guided group ) versus conventional implant placement without templates ( conventional group ) in three different centres .", "implants were to be placed flapless and loaded immediately ; if inserted with a torque over @ ncm with reinforced provisional prostheses , then replaced , after @ months , by definitive prostheses .", "outcome measures , assessed by masked assessors were : prosthesis and implant failures , complications , peri-implant bone level changes , number of treatment sessions , duration of treatment , post-surgical pain and swelling , consumption of pain killers , treatment time , time required to solve complications , additional treatment cost , patient satisfaction .", "patients were followed up to @ year after loading .", "twenty-six patients were randomised to the conventional treatment and @ to computerguided rehabilitation .", "no patient dropped out .", "one provisional prosthesis failed , since one of the two supporting implants failed @ days after implantation in the conventional group ( p = @ ) .", "four patients of the conventionally loaded groups experienced one complication each , versus five patients ( @ complications ) in the computer-guided group ( p = @ ) .", "there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for any of the tested outcomes with the exception of more postoperative surgical pain ( p = @ ) and swelling ( p = @ ) at conventionally treated patients .", "when treatment planning was made on @d cbtc scan using a dedicated software , no statistically significant differences were observed between computer-guided and a free-hand rehabilitations , with the exception of more postoperative pain and swelling at sites treated freehand because more frequently flaps were elevated ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study is aimed to identify the expression of notch family proteins in placentas from patients with early-onset severe preeclampsia .", "the expression of notch family proteins in placentas was investigated by immunohistochemistry , western blotting , and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( rt-pcr ) .", "the profile of distribution of all notch family proteins in placentas from patients with early-onset severe preeclampsia is similar to that in normal placentas .", "all notch family proteins are expressed in placental trophoblasts .", "moreover , notch@ and jagged@ ( jag@ ) are detected in placental endothelial cells .", "real-time rt-pcr showed that messenger rna levels of notch@ and delta-like@ ( dll@ ) in placentas from patients with early-onset severe preeclampsia are lower than that of normal placentas .", "western blotting showed a significant increase in notch@ expression and a significant decrease in notch@ expression in placentas from patients with early-onset severe preeclampsia relative to those in normal placentas .", "the results suggest that notch@ and notch@ may play some roles in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the difference in the efficacy between acupuncture and oral administration of trazodone and the expressions of neurotransmitters in patients of insomnia differentiated as liver stagnation transforming into fire .", "seventy patients of insomnia differentiated as liver stagnation transforming into fire were randomized into an observation group and a control group , @ cases in each one .", "in the observation group , acupuncture therapy was adopted at shenmen ( ht @ ) , baihui ( gv @ ) , yintang ( gv @ ) , hegu ( li @ ) , taichong ( lr @ ) , etc. .", "the needles were retained for @ min each time .", "the treatment was given once a day , the treatment of @ weeks made one session .", "in the control group , trazodone , @ mg , oral administration , once a day , the treatment of @ weeks made one session .", "two sessions were required in the two groups .", "the scores in pittsburgh sleep quality index ( psqi ) and asberg rating scale for side effects ( sers ) , the levels of neurotransmitters such as @-hydroxy tryptamine ( @-ht ) and norepinephrine ( ne ) and the expressions of protein kinase c ( pkc ) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) in peripheral blood were observed before and after treatment in the two groups .", "psqi score and sers score after treatment were all decreased compared with those in both groups before treatment ( both p < @ ) .", "after treatment , psqi score and sers score in the observation group were lower apparently than those in the control group ( both p < @ ) .", "after treatment ne content and pkc level were decreased ; @-ht content and bdnf mrna were increased compared with those in both groups before treatment ( all p < @ ) .", "ne content and pkc level in the observation group were lower apparently than those in the control group ( both p < @ ) .", "the serum @-ht content and bdnf mrna expression in the observation group were higher than those in the control group separately ( both p < @ ) .", "acupuncture therapy improves the sleeping quality of patients of insomnia differentiated as liver stagnation transforming into fire , and reduces serum ne level and increases @-ht content and bdnf expression , which achieves the better efficacy as compared with the oral administration of trazodone .", "it is one of the effective approaches to the treatment of insomnia differentiated as liver stagnation transforming into fire ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "with the increase in the aging population , there is a pressing need to provide effective treatment options for individuals with alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) .", "memantine is an n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist used to treat ad in > @ countries worldwide , and studies in the usa and europe have shown it to be effective in improving language deficits ; however , there are currently no data on language improvements in japanese patients treated with memantine .", "to clarify the efficacy and safety of memantine in japanese outpatients with moderate to severe ad , using a pooled analysis of two multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trials , a phase @ dose-finding study and a phase @ study .", "the final analysis comprised @ patients ( @ receiving memantine and @ placebo ) .", "memantine produced better outcomes in terms of severe impairment battery-japanese version , clinician 's interview-based impression of change plus-japanese version , behavioral pathology in ad rating scale , and language scores , versus placebo .", "the overall incidence of adverse events and adverse reactions was similar between groups .", "in this pooled analysis of japanese patients , memantine achieved better outcomes than placebo in terms of cognition , including attention , praxis , visuospatial ability and language , and behavioral and psychological symptoms , including activity disturbances and aggressiveness ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to improve effectiveness of future screen behaviour interventions , one needs to know whether an intervention works via the proposed mediating mechanisms and whether the intervention is equally effective among subgroups .", "parental regulation is identified as a consistent correlate of screen behaviours , but prospective evidence as well as the mediation role of parental regulation is largely lacking .", "this study investigated post-intervention main effects on screen behaviours in the heia-intervention -- a norwegian school-based multiple-behaviour study , as well as mediation effects of parental regulation by adolescents ' and parents ' report .", "in addition , moderating effects of gender and weight status on the intervention and mediating effects were explored .", "participating schools were randomized to control ( n = @ ) or intervention ( n = @ ) condition .", "adolescents ( n = @ control ; @ intervention ) self-reported their weekday and weekend tv-viewing and computer/game-use .", "change in adolescents ' behaviours was targeted through school and parents .", "adolescents , mothers ( n = @ control ; @ interventions ) and fathers ( n = @ control ; @ intervention ) reported parental regulation of the screen behaviours post-intervention ( at @ month ) .", "the product-of-coefficient test using linear regression analysis was conducted to examine main and mediating effects .", "there was no intervention effect on the screen behaviours in the total sample .", "gender moderated effect on weekend computer/game-use , while weight status moderated the effect on weekday tv-viewing and computer/game-use .", "stratified analyses showed a small favourable intervention effect on weekday tv-viewing among the normal weight .", "parental regulation did not mediate change in the screen behaviours .", "however , stronger parental regulation was associated with less tv-viewing and computer/game-use with effects being conditional on adolescents ' versus parental reports .", "parental regulation of the screen behaviours , primarily by the parental report , was associated with change in the respective behaviours .", "multiple behaviour intervention may not affect all equally well , and the effect may differ by weight status and gender .", "in future interventions parents should be encouraged to regulate their adolescents ' tv-viewing and computer/game-use on both weekdays and weekends as parental regulation was identified as a determinant of these screen behaviours .", "however , future intervention studies may need to search for more effective intervention strategies targeting parental regulation .", "current controlled trials isrctn@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the paper describes recruitment results and characteristics of the up-tech clinical trial sample , including level of care services use , informal caregiver burden and its determinants .", "up-tech is designed to test innovative care solutions for community-dwelling patients with moderate stage alzheimer 's disease and their caregivers in italy .", "four hundred and fifty patient-caregiver dyads were randomized into three arms receiving different combinations of services , composed of case management interventions , nurse visits , assistive technology and educational brochures .", "the research nurses administered a questionnaire comprising an in-depth socio-demographic assessment and several clinical scales , such as novak 's caregiver burden inventory .", "analyses of baseline data were conducted using uni - and bi-variate statistics .", "linear regressions were computed to identify de-confounded correlates of caregiver burden .", "four hundred and thirty-eight patient-caregiver dyads were recruited and randomized .", "in our sample , patients are predominantly women ( @ % ) , with an average age of @ years and a mean mini-mental state examination score of @ .", "caregivers are mostly women ( @ % ) and offspring ( @ % ) , with a mean caregiver burden score of @ .", "they provide more than @ hours of care per week , while receiving an almost negligible support from public services .", "factors associated with caregiver burden are female gender , kinship and the patient 's behavioral disturbances .", "the most important factor associated with lower burden is the employment of a live-in care worker .", "the paper provides a comprehensive description of moderate stage alzheimer 's disease patients and their caregivers , suggesting useful markers of caregiver burden .", "the well-balanced randomization assures the reliability of the study data-set for prospective evaluation of care strategies ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "right hemisphere stroke patients frequently experience spatial neglect , a severe lack of awareness for contralesional hemispace .", "although neglect counts among the strongest predictors for poor functional outcome after stroke , there is no established therapy , particularly not for the acute stage .", "in a randomized controlled trial , we compared the combined treatment of hemifield eye patching and repetitive optokinetic stimulation in acute stroke patients with neglect to the spontaneous course .", "outcome measures were a neuropsychological test battery for neglect as well as scales of functional independence and clinical impairment .", "outcomes were assessed at baseline ( day @ ) , post treatment ( day @ ) , and at @-month follow-up ( day @ ) .", "final analysis included @ acute right hemisphere stroke patients with neglect ( @ enrolled , @ lost to follow-up ) allocated either to the treatment ( @ week hemifield eye patching and daily sessions of optokinetic stimulation , n = @ ) or the control group ( no neglect-specific treatment , n = @ ) .", "at baseline , both groups did not differ in neuropsychological test performance , clinical impairment , or functional disability .", "at the post treatment session , both groups had improved in all these measures , and results were stable or further improved at follow-up .", "however , there was no significant difference in this change between the treatment and the control group .", "an early intervention of combined hemifield eye patching and optokinetic stimulation in acute stroke patients with spatial neglect has no additive effect to the spontaneous remitting course of the disorder .", "http://www.clinicaltrials.gov .", "unique identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia ( hht ) is a dominantly inherited genetic vascular disorder in which epistaxis is the most frequent manifestation , responsible for high morbidity .", "management of this symptom has no standard , and local treatments are often aggressive .", "their efficacy is variable and has not been proven .", "anti-angiogenic drugs , such as bevacizumab , are a new treatment strategy .", "its systemic administration in patients with hht improves liver damage-related symptoms and epistaxis .", "to limit the systemic adverse effects of bevacizumab and to ease administration , a local administration seems suitable .", "to evaluate the tolerance of increasing doses of bevacizumab administered as a nasal spray in patients with hht-related epistaxis .", "secondary objectives were to study the bioavailability and efficacy of bevacizumab against epistaxis when given as a nasal spray .", "phase @ , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , monocentric study performed sequentially ( dose escalation ) on @ groups of @ patients .", "each group was made up of @ verum and @ placebos .", "five increasing doses of bevacizumab nasal spray ( @ mg/ml ) were evaluated : @ , @ , @ , @ and @ mg .", "a total of @ patients were included between october @ and october @ .", "bevacizumab nasal spray was well tolerated in all patients and the drug was not detected in their serum .", "no dose limiting toxicity was observed .", "no efficacy was observed at any dose in this study .", "based on these results , bevacizumab nasal spray is a safe treatment of epistaxis in hht .", "however , a randomized phase @ study is needed to determine its efficacy .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier #nct @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "bipolar depression is one of the most serious psychiatric conditions .", "in addition , sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder is common , and therapeutic agents restoring sleep disturbances in bipolar disorder patients will be clinically beneficial .", "in the current study , we compared the effect of quetiapine xr with lithium on depressive symptoms and sleep in bipolar depression patients during @ weeks of trial .", "an open-label , randomized comparison of sleep-activity and depressive symptoms between @-week quetiapine xr monotherapy and lithium monotherapy for bipolar depression was conducted .", "each assessment consisted of hdrs-@ , clinical global impression-severity ( cgi-s ) , and self-reported pittsburgh sleep quality index ( psqi ) .", "actigraphy-measured sleep parameters were assessed .", "a total of @ patients ( @ years ; gender : male @ , female @ ) with bipolar depression were screened out .", "out of @ patients , six patients were excluded before randomization .", "after randomization , seven patients were withdrawn .", "twenty-nine patients with more than two visits after randomization ( lithium group : @ , quetiapine xr group : @ , mean age : @ , gender : male @ , female @ ) were included in the final analysis .", "in both groups , hamilton depression rating scale ( hdrs ) scores were significantly decreased at weeks @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ compared with baseline .", "remission rate ( hdrs@ ) in the quetiapine xr was significantly higher than that of the lithium group .", "in the quetiapine xr group , psqi scores at weeks @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ was significantly decreased compared with baseline .", "sleep efficiency at weeks @ and @ was significantly increased .", "waso at week @ was significantly decreased .", "first , the present study was conducted with the relatively small number of study subjects .", "second , bias could have affected the study results due to its open-label design .", "third , study subjects were made up of high proportion of bipolar ii disorder patients .", "quetiapine xr monotherapy was more effective in treating bipolar depression than lithium .", "in particular , quetiapine xr treatment improved both subjective and objective sleep quality in patients with bipolar depression .", "however , relationship between favorable sleep quality and depressive symptom improvement were limited ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to analyse the clinical significance and related factors of thirst and xerostomia and to find methods to alleviate thirst and xerostomia in maintenance hemodialysis ( mhd ) patients .", "forty-two mhd patients were included for observational study and eleven patients were enrolled for crossover trial .", "thirst was assessed by @-mm visual analog scales ( vas ) and dialysis thirst inventory ( dti ) .", "meanwhile , xerostomia was assessed by vas and xerostomia inventory ( xi ) .", "depression , kidney disease quality of life ( kdqol ) , salivary flow rates and inter dialytic weight gain ( idwg ) were measured .", "data were analyzed by anova and correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlations between continuous variables .", "the results of crossover trial were investigated by two-sample t-tests .", "strong positive correlations among dti , vas thirst score , xi and vas xerostomia score were found ( p = @ ) .", "daily idwg was positively correlated with vas thirst score ( r = @ , p = @ ) and dti ( r = @ , p = @ ) .", "uws ( unstimulated whole saliva ) was negatively correlated with vas xerostomia score ( r = -@ , p = @ ) .", "residual urine output was negatively correlated with dti ( r = -@ , p = @ ) , vas xerostomia score ( r = -@ , p = @ ) and xi ( r = -@ , p = @ ) .", "in the crossover trial , dti , xi , idwg@d , idwg@d , vas thirst and xerostomia score were significantly reduced by the use of chewing gum ( p = @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ ) .", "the vas thirst score , dti and idwg@d were significantly reduced by receiveing straw ( p = @ , @ , @ ) .", "thirst and xerostomia might affect the quality of life in mhd patients .", "both chewing gum and straw could decrease thirst and idwg ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cytarabine plays a pivotal role in the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) .", "most centers use @ to @ days of cytarabine at a daily dose of @ to @ mg/m ( @ ) for remission induction .", "consensus has not been reached on the benefit of higher dosages of cytarabine .", "the european organisation for research and treatment of cancer ( eortc ) and gruppo italiano malattie ematologiche dell ' adulto ( gimema ) leukemia groups conducted a randomized trial ( aml-@ ; combination chemotherapy , stem cell transplant and interleukin-@ in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia ) in @,@ newly diagnosed patients with aml , age @ to @ years , comparing remission induction treatment containing daunorubicin , etoposide , and either standard-dose ( sd ) cytarabine ( @ mg/m ( @ ) per day by continuous infusion for @ days ) or high-dose ( hd ) cytarabine ( @,@ mg/m ( @ ) every @ hours by @-hour infusion on days @ , @ , @ , and @ ) .", "patients in complete remission ( cr ) received a single consolidation cycle containing daunorubicin and intermediate-dose cytarabine ( @ mg/m ( @ ) every @ hours for @ days ) .", "subsequently , a stem-cell transplantation was planned .", "the primary end point was survival .", "at a median follow-up of @ years , overall survival was @ % for patients randomly assigned to sd cytarabine and @ % for those randomly assigned to hd cytarabine ( log-rank test p = @ ; multivariable analysis p = @ ) .", "for patients younger than age @ years , survival was @ % and @ % , respectively ( p = @ ; multivariable analysis p = @ ) , and for patients age @ to @ years , survival was @ % and @ % , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "cr rates were @ % and @ % , respectively ( p < @ ) and were @ % and @ % for patients younger than age @ years ( p = @ ) and @ % and @ % for patients age @ years and older ( p = @ ) .", "patients of all ages with very-bad-risk cytogenetic abnormalities and/or flt@-itd ( internal tandem duplication ) mutation , or with secondary aml benefitted from hd cytarabine .", "hd cytarabine produces higher remission and survival rates than sd cytarabine , especially in patients younger than age @ years ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "laparoscopic sphincter preservation for low rectal cancer is challenging because of the high risk of positive circumferential resection margin .", "we hypothesized that perineal dissection of the distal rectum may improve quality of surgery , compared with the conventional abdominal dissection .", "between @ and @ , @ patients with low rectal cancer ( < @ cm from the anal verge ) suitable for sphincter preservation were randomized between perineal and abdominal low rectal dissection .", "surgery included laparoscopic mobilization of the left colon with high rectal dissection .", "distal rectal dissection was performed laparoscopically in the abdominal group and transanally in the perineal group .", "the primary endpoint was quality of surgery ( circumferential resection margin , mesorectum grade , and lymph nodes ) .", "secondary end points were morbidity and conversion .", "the rate of positive circumferential resection margin decreased significantly after perineal compared with abdominal low rectal dissection , @ % versus @ % ( p = @ ) .", "the mesorectum grade and the number of lymph nodes analyzed did not differ between the @ groups .", "there was no difference in surgical morbidity ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) and conversion ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) between perineal and abdominal rectal dissection .", "multivariate analysis showed that abdominal rectal dissection was the only independent factor of positive circumferential resection margin ( odds ratio = @ ; @ % confidence interval : @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "perineal rectal dissection reduces the risk of positive circumferential resection margin , as compared with the conventional abdominal dissection in low rectal cancer .", "this suggests the perineal rectal dissection as a new standard in laparoscopic sphincter-saving resection for low rectal cancer ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this prospective , multicenter study was to assess @-year changes in sinonasal symptoms and health care use after office-based multisinus balloon dilation .", "adults diagnosed with chronic or recurrent acute rhinosinusitis per the @ adult sinusitis guidelines were enrolled in this institutional review board-approved study .", "balloon dilation of the maxillary sinuses/ethmoid infundibula with or without frontal or sphenoid ostial dilation was performed in the physician 's office under local anesthesia .", "intraoperative procedure technical success and subject procedure tolerance were recorded .", "efficacy was assessed using the patient-reported @-item sino-nasal outcome test ( snot-@ ) and rhinosinusitis symptom inventory ( rsi ) .", "complications and revision surgeries were also recorded .", "a total of @ ostial dilations were attempted and @ were successfully completed ( @ % ) in @ subjects .", "mean procedure tolerance was @ @ ( @ = no pain ; @ = severe pain ) .", "clinically meaningful and statistically significant ( p < @ ) mean snot-@ symptom improvement was observed at @ and @ months and sustained through @ year .", "the rsi treatment effect for all major rhinosinusitis symptoms was `` large '' and improvement in each was significant ( p < @ ) .", "compared with the previous @-year period , patients reported an average of @ fewer acute sinus infections ( p < @ ) , @ fewer antibiotic courses taken ( p < @ ) , and @ fewer sinus-related physician visits ( p < @ ) after balloon dilation .", "no serious device or procedure-related adverse events occurred .", "one subject ( @ % ) underwent revision surgery .", "in-office , multisinus balloon dilation is safe , effective , and well tolerated .", "patients reported significant reductions in both sinonasal symptoms and health care use after balloon dilation .", "efficacy observed at @ and @ month follow-up was sustained through @ year with a very low rate of revision surgery .", "this study was a part of the clinical trial nct@ registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the present study tested whether taking into account both the reflective and the impulsive processes of physical activity ( pa ) is helpful in understanding how , and for whom , pa-promoting messages will be ( in ) effective in changing behavior .", "participants ( n = @ ) were presented with a persuasive message promoting either pa ( experimental condition ) or healthy eating ( control condition ) .", "reflective intentions to be physically active were assessed both at baseline and after exposure to the message .", "impulsive approach tendencies toward pa ( iapa ) and sedentary behaviors ( iasb ) were assessed using a manikin task .", "the main outcome variable was accelerometer-assessed free time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity ( mvpa ) over @ week after exposure to the message .", "although the pa-promoting message had no direct effect on mvpa , the results showed that ( a ) this message increased intentions to practice pa , notably among participants with low or moderate ( but not high ) baseline intentions ; ( b ) objective mvpa was positively predicted by postmessage pa intentions and iapa , and negatively predicted by iasb ; and ( c ) postmessage pa intentions predicted mvpa for individuals with low or moderate ( but not high ) iasb .", "a follow-up moderated mediation analysis corroborated these earlier results , showing that pa-promoting messages positively predicted mvpa through postmessage intentions only among individuals with low or moderate baseline intentions and low or moderate iasb .", "by identifying @ boundary conditions , this study revealed important insights in explaining when pa-promoting messages will be effective to predict objective mvpa and when they will not ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "improving the use ( eg , initial visit and revisits ) of internet-delivered interventions to promote healthy lifestyles such as non-smoking is one of the largest challenges in the field of ehealth .", "prompts have shown to be effective in stimulating reuse of internet-delivered interventions among adults and adolescents .", "however , evidence concerning effectiveness of prompts to promote reuse of a website among children is still scarce .", "the aim of this study is to investigate ( @ ) whether prompts are effective in promoting reuse of an intervention website containing information on smoking prevention for children , ( @ ) whether the content of the prompt is associated with its effect in terms of reuse , and ( @ ) whether there are differences between children who do or do not respond to prompts .", "the sample of this cluster-randomized study consisted of @ children ( aged @-@ years ) from @ dutch primary schools , who were assigned to the experimental group of an internet-delivered smoking prevention intervention study .", "all participants completed a web-based questionnaire on factors related to ( non - ) smoking .", "schools were randomized to a no-prompt group ( n = @ ) or a prompt group ( n = @ ) .", "all children could revisit the intervention website , but only the children in the prompt group received email and sms prompts to revisit the website .", "those prompt messages functioned as a teaser to stimulate reuse of the intervention website .", "reuse of the website was objectively tracked by means of a server registration system .", "repeated measures analysis of variance and linear regression analysis were performed to assess the effects of prompts on website reuse and to identify individual characteristics of participants who reuse the intervention website .", "children in the prompt group reused the intervention website significantly more often compared to children in the no-prompt group ( b = @ , p < @ ) .", "prompts announcing new animated videos ( f@ ,@ = @ , p = @ ) and games about ( non - ) smoking on the website ( f@ ,@ = @ , p = @ ) resulted in most reuse of the website .", "within the prompt group , children with a low socioeconomic status ( ses ) reused the intervention website more often ( b = @ , p < @ ) than children of high ses ( b = @ , p = @ ) .", "prompts can stimulate children to reuse an intervention website aimed at smoking prevention .", "prompts showed , furthermore , to stimulate children of a low ses slightly more to reuse an intervention website , which is often a difficult target group in terms of stimulating participation .", "however , the number of revisits was quite low , which requires further study into how prompts can be optimized in terms of content and frequency to improve the number of revisits .", "netherlands trial register number : ntr@ ; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?tc=@ ( archived by webcite at http://www.webcitation.org/@o@wqyupi ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "radial artery catheterization is gaining popularity for diagnostic and interventional procedures .", "palpation technique is widely used for the procedure , but ultrasonography has been shown to increase catheterization success .", "a recently described ultrasonography technique is termed ` dynamic needle tip positioning ' .", "we aimed to compare the traditional palpation technique and dynamic needle tip positioning technique in regard to clinically relevant end points .", "the study was conducted as a randomized , patient-blinded , crossover study .", "patients underwent bilateral radial artery catheterization using both techniques .", "the primary end point of the study was needle manipulation time .", "additional end points were ( @ ) the number of skin perforations , ( @ ) the number of attempts targeting the vessel , ( @ ) the number of catheters placed in first attempt and ( @ ) the number of catheters used .", "forty patients were analyzed .", "there was no significant difference in median needle manipulation time -lsb- @ s ( range @-@ s ) vs. @ s ( range @-@ s ) , p = @ -rsb- , although the variance was lower in the dynamic needle tip positioning group ( p < @ ) .", "in the traditional palpation technique group , a higher number of skin perforations ( @ vs. @ , p = @ ) , catheters ( @ vs. @ , p = @ ) and attempts targeting the vessel ( @ vs. @ , p < @ ) were necessary compared with the ultrasonography dynamic needle tip positioning group .", "first attempt success rate was significantly higher in the ultrasonography dynamic needle tip positioning group ( @/@ vs. @/@ , p < @ ) .", "ultrasonography guidance using the dynamic needle tip positioning technique for radial artery catheterization significantly improves clinically relevant aspects of the procedure ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "postoperative pain control after total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) remains a great challenge .", "the management of pain in the immediate postoperative period is one of the most critical aspects to allow speedier rehabilitation and reduce the risk of postoperative complications .", "recently , periarticular infiltration anesthesia has become popular , but the outcome is controversial .", "some studies have shown transient effects , `` rebound pain '' , or no effectiveness in pain control .", "continuous intra-articular infusion technique has been introduced to improve these transient effects , but more clinical studies are needed .", "furthermore , the potential risk of early periprosthetic joint infection is causing concerning .", "we plan to compare continuous intra-articular infusion anesthesia with epidural infusion anesthesia after tka to assess the effectiveness of this technique in reducing pain , in improving postoperative function , and to look at the evidence for risk of early infection .", "this trial is a randomized , controlled study .", "patients ( n = @ ) will be randomized into two groups : to receive continuous intra-articular infusion anesthesia ( group c ) ; and epidural infusion anesthesia ( group e ) .", "for the first @ postoperative days , pain at rest , active range of motion ( a-rom ) , rescue analgesia and side effects will be recorded .", "at @-month and @-month follow-up , a-rom , c-reactive protein , erythrocyte sedimentation rate , and synovial fluid cell count and culture will be analyzed .", "the results from this study will provide clinical evidence on the efficacy of a continuous intra-articular infusion technique in reducing pain , postoperative functional improvement and safety .", "it will be the first randomized controlled trial to investigate infection risk with local anesthesia after tka .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : chictr-trc-@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "observational studies have shown that attentional bias for smoking-related cues is associated with increased craving and relapse .", "laboratory experiments have shown that manipulating attentional bias may change craving .", "interventions to reduce attentional bias could reduce relapse in smokers seeking to quit .", "we report a clinical trial of attentional retraining in treatment-seeking smokers .", "this was a double-blind randomised controlled trial that took place in uk smoking cessation clinics .", "smokers interested in quitting were randomised to five weekly sessions of attentional retraining ( n = @ ) or placebo training ( n = @ ) using a modified visual probe task from one week prior to quit day .", "both groups received @ mg nicotine patches ( from quit day onwards ) and behavioural support .", "primary outcomes included change in attentional bias reaction times four weeks after quit day on the visual probe task and craving measured weekly using the mood and physical symptoms scale .", "secondary outcomes were changes in withdrawal symptoms , time to first lapse and prolonged abstinence .", "no attentional bias towards smoking cues was found in the sample at baseline ( mean difference = @ ms , @ % ci = -@ , @ ) .", "post-training bias was not significantly lower in the retraining group compared with the placebo group ( mean difference = -@ ms , @ % ci = -@ , @ ) .", "there was no difference between groups in change in craving ( p = @ ) and prolonged abstinence at four weeks ( risk ratio = @ , @ % ci = @ , @ ) .", "taken with one other trial , there appears to be no effect from clinic-based attentional retraining using the visual probe task .", "attentional retraining conducted out of clinic may prove more effective .", "uk clinical trials isrctn @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "during team athletic events , athletic trainers commonly provide fluids with water bottles .", "when a limited number of water bottles exist , various techniques are used to deliver fluids .", "to determine whether fluid delivered via water-bottle administration influenced fluid consumption and hydration status .", "crossover study .", "outdoor field ( @ c @ c ) .", "nineteen participants ( @ men , @ women , age = @ @ years , height = @ @ cm , mass = @ @ kg ) were recruited from the university and local running clubs .", "the independent variable was fluid delivery with @ levels : self-administration with mouth-to-bottle direct contact ( sa-dc ) , self-administration with no contact between mouth and bottle ( sa-nc ) , and external administration with no contact between the mouth and the bottle ( ea-nc ) .", "participants warmed up for @ minutes before completing @ exercise stations , after which an ad libitum fluid break was given , for a total of @ breaks .", "we measured the fluid variables of total volume consumed , total number of squirts , and average volume per squirt .", "hydration status via urine osmolality and body-mass loss , and perceptual variables for thirst and fullness were recorded .", "we calculated repeated-measures analyses of variance to assess hydration status , fluid variables , and perceptual measures to analyze conditions across time .", "the total volume consumed for ea-nc was lower than for sa-dc ( p = @ ) and sa-nc ( p = @ ) .", "the total number of squirts for sa-dc was lower than for sa-nc ( p = @ ) .", "the average volume per squirt for ea-nc was lower than for sa-dc ( p = @ ) and sa-nc ( p = @ ) .", "participants arrived ( @ @ mosm/l ) and remained ( @ @ mosm/l ) hydrated , with no difference between conditions ( p = @ ) ; however , the ea-nc condition lost more body mass than did the sa-dc condition ( p = @ ) .", "there was no main effect for condition on thirst ( p = @ ) or fullness ( p = @ ) .", "external administration of fluid decreased total volume consumed via a decreased average volume per squirt .", "the sa-dc method requires fewer squirts within a specific time frame .", "fluid breaks every @ minutes resulted in maintenance of euhydration ; however , loss of body mass was influenced by fluid administration .", "athletic trainers should avoid external administration to promote positive hydration behaviors .", "when fluid is self-administered , individual bottles may be the best clinical practice because more volume can be consumed per squirt ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effects of alfaxalone and propofol on intraocular ( iop ) pressure in the canine eye .", "twenty-three healthy adult dogs .", "dogs were randomized to receive intravenous propofol ( n = @ ) or alfaxalone ( n = @ ) until loss of jaw tone , @ min after intravenous premedication ( acepromazine @-@ @ mg/kg and hydromorphone @-@ @ mg/kg ) .", "iop was measured at baseline ( bl ) , @ min postpremedication ( postpremed ) , loss of jaw tone ( postinduct ) , and immediately following orotracheal intubation ( postintub ) .", "between - and within-treatment effects were analyzed with two-way and one-way repeated measures anova with bonferroni 's post hoc test , respectively .", "p < @ was considered significant .", "no significant iop differences were detected between alfaxalone or propofol groups at any time point ( p > @ ) .", "propofol : iop did not change between bl ( @ @ mmhg ) and postpremed ( @ @ mmhg , p > @ ) , or postinduct ( @ @ mmhg ) and postintub ( @ @ mmhg , p > @ ) , but differed significantly between bl and postinduct ( p < @ ) , and postintub ( p < @ ) .", "alfaxalone : iop did not change between bl ( @ @ mmhg ) and postpremed ( @ @ mmhg , p > @ ) , or postinduct ( @ @ mmhg ) and postintub ( @ @ mmhg , p > @ ) , but differed significantly between bl and postinduct ( p < @ ) , and postintub ( p < @ ) .", "these data show a potentially clinically significant increase in iop following induction with propofol or alfaxalone , but no difference between agents ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "infantile colic is a painful condition in the first months of infancy .", "acupuncture is used in scandinavia as a treatment for infantile colic .", "a randomized controlled trial was carried out with the aim of testing the hypothesis that acupuncture treatment has a clinically relevant effect for this condition .", "a prospective , blinding-validated , randomized controlled multicentre trial in general practice .", "research assistants and parents were blinded .", "@ gps ' offices in southern norway .", "three days of bilateral needling of the acupuncture point st@ , with no treatment as control .", "@ patients were recruited ; @ patients were excluded , and @ randomized ; @ diaries and @ interviews were analysed .", "difference in changes in crying time during the trial period between the intervention and control group .", "the blinding validation questions showed a random distribution with p = @ and @ , indicating true blinding .", "we found no statistically significant difference in crying time reduction between acupuncture and control group at any of the measured intervals , nor in the main analysis of differences in changes over time ( p = @ ) .", "there was a tendency in favour of the acupuncture group , with a non-significant total baseline-corrected mean of @ minutes ( @ % ci -@ to + @ ) difference in crying time between the groups .", "this was not considered clinically relevant , according to protocol .", "this trial of acupuncture treatment for infantile colic showed no statistically significant or clinically relevant effect .", "with the current evidence , the authors suggest that acupuncture for infantile colic should be restricted to clinical trials ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "endometrial biopsy is a common procedure for the investigation of many gynecological disorders including abnormal uterine bleeding , postmenopausal bleeding , abnormal cytology and infertility .", "most women experience some degree of discomfort and pain during the procedure .", "pain may occur during dilation of the cervix for insertion of the catheter and during endometrial biopsy , which further aggravates pain by inducing uterine contraction .", "to determine pain levels during endometrial biopsy by comparing intrauterine instillation of levobupivacaine or lidocaine with placebo in a randomized , double-blinded trial in pre - and postmenopausal women .", "ninety patients were allocated to either control or experimental groups before endometrial biopsy .", "the trial medication was intrauterine anesthesia , either @ ml @ % saline ( control group ) , or @ ml @ % levobupivacaine or @ % lidocaine ( experimental groups ) .", "resident doctors used the same endometrial biopsy technique to minimize the risk of technical variation .", "all tissue specimens were sent for cytopathological examination .", "the pathologists , who were blinded to the study solution , analyzed all tissue specimens .", "the primary outcome measure was pain experienced during the procedure .", "pain was assessed using a @ cm visual analogue pain scale .", "all observed adverse effects were recorded until the patients were discharged .", "pain scores of the intrauterine lidocaine and levobupivacaine groups were found to be significantly lower than the control group .", "there was no difference between the levobupivacaine and lidocaine groups with regard to pain scores .", "there was a moderately positive correlation between pain scores and endometrial thickness .", "no complications were observed due to the procedure .", "most of the biopsy results were proliferative and secretory endometrium .", "insufficient material causing inconclusive results was observed mostly in the control group .", "transcervical intrauterine topical instillation of levobupivacaine or lidocaine causes pain relief during endometrial biopsy .", "however , further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine anesthesia , to determine optimal concentration , volume and waiting time according to the type of local anesthetic agent , and to assess the applicability of the method to other intrauterine procedures ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the treatment programs of home-based exercise with and without self-manual therapy in individuals with knee osteoarthritis ( knee oa ) in community .", "forty-three participants with knee oa were randomly assigned in groups .", "all participants received the same home-based exercise program with or without self-manual therapy over @ weeks .", "outcome measures were pain intensity , range of motions , six-minute walk test distance , the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score ( koos ) , short-form @ ( sf-@ ) and satisfaction .", "the results showed that the self-manual therapy program significantly decreased pain at @ weeks , increased flexion and extension at @ and @ weeks , and improved the koos in pain item and sf-@ in physical function and mental health items .", "the home-based exercise group showed significant increase of the six-minute walk distance at @ and @ weeks , improvements in the koos in pain and symptom items and sf-@ in the physical function and role-emotional items .", "overall , the results favored a combination of self-manual therapy and home-based exercise for patients with knee oa , which apparently showed superior benefits in decreasing pain and improving active knee range of motions ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "central venous access devices in fluoropyrimidine therapy are associated with complications ; however , reliable data are lacking regarding their natural history , associated complications and infusion pump performance in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer .", "we assessed device placement , use during treatment , associated clinical outcomes and infusion pump performance in the no@ trial .", "device replacement was more common with folfox-@ ( @-fluorouracil ( @-fu ) + oxaliplatin ) than xelox ( capecitabine + oxaliplatin ) ( @ % vs @ % ) .", "baseline device-associated events and post-baseline removal - / placement-related events occurred more frequently with folfox-@ than xelox ( @ % vs @ % and @ % vs @ % ) .", "pump malfunctions , primarily infusion accelerations in @ % of patients , occurred within @-@ @ % of cycles .", "fluoropyrimidine-associated grade @/@ toxicity was increased in folfox-@-treated patients experiencing a malfunction compared with those who did not ( @ out of @ vs @ out of @ patients ) , predominantly with increased grade @/@ neutropenia ( @ % vs @ % ) .", "febrile neutropenia rates were comparable between patient cohortsmalfunction .", "efficacy outcomes were similar in patient cohortsmalfunction .", "central venous access device removal or replacement was common and more frequent in patients receiving folfox-@ .", "pump malfunctions were also common and were associated with increased rates of grade @/@ haematological adverse events .", "oral fluoropyrimidine-based regimens may be preferable to infusional @-fu based on these findings ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "primary care provides most of the evidence-based chronic disease prevention and screening services offered by the healthcare system .", "however , there remains a gap between recommended preventive services and actual practice .", "this trial ( the better trial ) aimed to improve preventive care of heart disease , diabetes , colorectal , breast and cervical cancers , and relevant lifestyle factors through a practice facilitation intervention set in primary care .", "pragmatic two-way factorial cluster rct with primary care physicians ' practices as the unit of allocation and individual patients as the unit of analysis .", "the setting was urban primary care team practices in two canadian provinces .", "eight primary care team practices were randomly assigned to receive the practice-level intervention or wait-list control ; @ physicians in each team ( @ physicians ) were randomly assigned to receive the patient-level intervention or wait-list control .", "patients randomly selected from physicians ' rosters were stratified into two groups : @ ) general and @ ) moderate mental illness .", "the interventions involved a multifaceted , evidence-based , tailored practice-level intervention with a practice facilitator , and a patient-level intervention involving a one-hour visit with a prevention practitioner where patients received a tailored ` prevention prescription ' .", "the primary outcome was a composite summary quality index of @ evidence-based chronic disease prevention and screening actions with pre-defined targets , expressed as the ratio of eligible actions at baseline that were met at follow-up .", "a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted .", "@ of @,@ ( @ % ) eligible patients participated .", "on average , patients were eligible for @ ( sd @ ) actions at baseline .", "in the adjusted analysis , control patients met @ % ( @ % ci : @ % to @ % ) of target actions , compared to @ % ( @ % ci : @ % to @ % ) receiving the practice-level intervention , @ % ( @ % ci : @ % to @ % ) receiving the patient-level intervention , and @ % ( @ % ci : @ % to @ % ) receiving both practice - and patient-level interventions ( patient-level intervention versus control , p < @ ) .", "the benefit of the patient-level intervention was seen in both strata .", "the extra cost of the intervention was $ @ can ( @ % ci : $ @ to $ @ ) per additional action met .", "a prevention practitioner can improve the implementation of clinically important prevention and screening for chronic diseases in a cost-effective manner ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this study was to assess the impact of digital versus traditional drainage devices on chest tube removal and patient satisfaction .", "a randomized trial of digital versus traditional devices after lobectomy/segmentectomy was conducted at @ international centers ( united kingdom , europe , asia , united states ) .", "patients were managed with overnight suction followed by gravity drainage .", "chest tubes were removed when an air leak was not evident anymore and the drained fluid was less than @ ml/d .", "the groups ( digital , @ patients ; traditional , @ patients ) were well matched for baseline and surgical characteristics .", "there were @ lobectomies/bilobectomies and @ segmentectomies , @ of which were performed by video-assisted thoracic surgery ( vats ) .", "patients randomized to digital systems had a significantly shorter air leak duration ( @ versus @ days ; p = @ ) , duration of chest tube placement ( @ versus @ days ; p = @ ) , and postoperative length of stay ( @ versus @ days ; p < @ ) .", "subjective end points revealed a perceived improved ability to arise from bed ( p = @ ) , system convenience for patients and personnel ( p = @ ) , and the potential for being comfortable when discharged home with the device ( p = @ ) .", "a mean difference of @ days from air leak cessation to tube removal was observed , which was similar in the @ groups ( p = @ ) .", "multivariable regression analysis showed that duration of chest tube placement after air leak cessation was directly associated with the amount of fluid drained during the first @ hours ( p = @ ) and the duration of air leak ( p = @ ) , independent of hospital location .", "patients managed with digital drainage systems experienced a shorter duration of chest tube placement , shorter hospital stays , and higher satisfaction scores compared with those managed with traditional devices .", "nct@ . )" ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "pain after cesarean delivery is a leading cause of chronic pain and there are many attempts to reduce it without total success .", "gabapentin is effective in reducing acute and chronic pain with little experience in parturient .", "the purpose of this study is to compare the effect of pre-emptive gabapentin with intrathecal fentanyl on reducing postoperative pain and morphine consumption in cesarean surgery .", "seventy-eight primiparous women who scheduled for non-emergency cesarean delivery were enrolled in the study and separated into two groups .", "the control group received @ mg of heavy bupivacaine @ % plus @ g of fentanyl intrathecally and the case group received @ mg of gabapentin orally @ h before surgery and @ mg of heavy bupivacaine @ % intrathecally .", "data collection including blood pressure , heart rate , neonate sedation , apgar score , visual analogous scale at several hours , at first , need to analgesic postoperatively .", "in the fentanyl group , the need for analgesic drug was earlier , total dose of morphine in @ h and patient satisfaction was higher than the gabapentin group .", "the mean visual analogous scale at several hours postoperatively in the fentanyl groups was significantly higher than the gabapentin groups ( p = @ ) .", "preemptive use of gabapentin is a safe and effective way to reduce postoperative pain and morphine consumption in parturients after cesarean surgery ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation after oral and maxillofacial surgery .", "fifty five patients who went into recovery room after oral and maxillofacial surgery were randomly divided into @ groups : dexmedetomidine group ( n = @ ) and control group ( n = @ ) .", "patients in dexmedetomidine group were assigned to receive intravenous dexmedetomidine at a dose of @ g/kg when they came into recovery room .", "patients in control group were assigned to receive intravenous normal saline .", "emergence agitation was assessed and extubation time after operation was recorded .", "mean arterial pressure , heart rate , arterial oxygen saturation , ramsay scale were recorded at the time point of entering the recovery room instantly ( t@ ) and @ minutes ( t@ ) , @ minutes ( t@ ) , @ minutes ( t@ ) , @ minutes ( t@ ) , @ minutes ( t@ ) after the patient came into recovery room .", "statistical analysis was performed using sas @ software package .", "the incidence of emergence agitation was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group ( @ % ) than in the control group ( @ % ) ( p < @ ) .", "the ramsay scale was significantly higher in dexmedetomidine group than in the control group at the time point of t@ , t@ , t@ , t@ ( p < @ ) .", "the heart rate was significantly lower in dexmedetomidine group than in the control group at the time point of t@ , t@ , t@ , t@ , t@ ( p < @ ) .", "mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in dexmedetomidine group than in the control group at the time point of t@ , t@ ( p < @ ) .", "there was no significant difference on extubation time between @ groups .", "there was no postoperative respiratory depression in @ groups .", "intravenous dexmedetomidine at a dose of @ g/kg can reduce emergence agitation after oral and maxillofacial surgery with safety and efficacy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective was to describe parent-reported child eating behavior and maternal parenting impact outcomes of an infant feeding intervention to reduce child obesity risk .", "an assessor masked randomized controlled trial ( rct ) with concealed allocation of individual mother-infant dyads .", "the nourish rct enrolled @ first-time mothers ( mean age @ years , sd = @ ) with healthy term infants ( @ % female ) aged @ months ( sd = @ ) at baseline .", "outcomes were assessed @ months post-intervention when the children were @ years old .", "mothers reported on child eating behaviors using the children 's eating behavior questionnaire ( cebq ) , food preferences , and dietary intake using a @-hour telephone recall .", "parenting was assessed using five scales validated for use in australia .", "intervention effects were evident on the cebq overall ( manova p = @ ) and @/@ subscales : child satiety responsiveness ( p = @ ) , fussiness ( p = @ ) , emotional overeating ( p < @ ) , and food responsiveness ( p = @ ) .", "intervention children `` liked '' more fruits ( p < @ ) and fewer non-core foods and beverages ( p = @ , @ ) .", "the intervention mothers reported greater `` autonomy encouragement '' ( p = @ ) .", "anticipatory guidance on protective feeding practices appears to have modest positive impacts on child eating behaviors that are postulated to reduce future obesity risk ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "metacognitive dysfunction has been widely recognized as a feature of schizophrenia .", "as it is linked with deficits in several aspects of daily life functioning , improvement of metacognition may lead to improvement in functioning .", "individual psychotherapy might be a useful form of treatment to improve metacognition in patients with schizophrenia ; multiple case reports and a pilot study show promising results .", "the present study aims to measure the effectiveness of an individual , manual-based therapy ( metacognitive reflection and insight therapy , merit ) in improving metacognition in patients with schizophrenia .", "we also want to examine if improvement in metacognitive abilities is correlated with improvements in aspects of daily life functioning namely social functioning , experience of symptoms , quality of life , depression , work readiness , insight and experience of stigma .", "merit is currently evaluated in a multicenter randomized controlled trial .", "thirteen therapists in six mental health institutions in the netherlands participate in this study .", "patients are randomly assigned to either merit or the control condition : treatment as usual ( tau ) .", "if proven effective , merit can be a useful addition to the care for schizophrenia patients .", "the design brings along some methodological difficulties , these issues are addressed in the discussion of this paper .", "current controlled trials : isrctn@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "juvenile myoclonic epilepsy ( jme ) is a young-onset electroclinical syndrome , characterized by myoclonic , generalized tonic-clonic , and possibly typical absence seizures .", "interictal electroencephalography ( eeg ) displays @-@ hz spike/polyspike and wave pattern .", "photosensitivity is common .", "our aim was to explore the blood oxygen level-dependent ( bold ) response evoked by a highly provocative photic stimulus in a cohort of people with jme compared to a group of nonphotosensitive healthy controls , and to investigate the hemodynamic phenomena seen in patients with photosensitive jme .", "we studied @ jme patients and @ healthy controls using eeg-functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) performed during low luminance intermittent photic stimulation ( ips ) .", "the bold response to ips was investigated both in jme and control groups .", "in photosensitive jme subjects , we also performed a dynamic evaluation of bold signal changes evoked by the photoparoxysmal response ( ppr ) in a time frame ranging from @ s before the onset of the eeg paroxysm up until @ s afterward .", "the ips evoked a positive bold response in striate and extrastriate visual areas , which was less in jme patients than in controls .", "moreover , people with jme had a reduced positive bold response in the frontoparietal areas and putamen but a stronger negative bold response in the primary sensorimotor cortex ( sm@ ) and in cortical regions belonging to the default mode network ( dmn ) .", "in jme , the dynamic evaluation of bold signal changes related to ppr revealed an early positive response in the putamen and sm@ , followed by bold signal decrements in the putamen , caudate nuclei , thalami , and sm@ .", "our results confirm the hypothesis that people with jme might have an altered interaction between the motor circuit and other neuronal networks , with prominent involvement of basal ganglia circuitry .", "the ppr could be a final expression of pathogenic phenomena occurring in the striato-thalamocortical system , possibly a core feature of system epilepsy jme ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the effectiveness of a two year exercise programme of progressive balance retraining in reducing injurious falls among women aged @-@ at increased risk of falls and injuries and living in the community .", "pragmatic multicentre , two arm , parallel group , randomised controlled trial .", "@ study sites in @ medium to large cities throughout france .", "@ women aged @-@ , living in their own home , and with diminished balance and gait capacities , randomly allocated to the experimental intervention group ( exercise programme , n = @ ) or the control group ( no intervention , n = @ ) .", "weekly supervised group sessions of progressive balance training offered in community based premises for two years , supplemented by individually prescribed home exercises .", "a geriatrician blinded to group assignment classified falls into one of three categories ( no consequence , moderate , severe ) based on physical damage and medical care .", "the primary outcome was the rate of injurious falls ( moderate and severe ) .", "the two groups were compared for rates of injurious falls with a `` shared frailty '' model .", "other outcomes included the rates of all falls , physical functional capacities ( balance and motor function test results ) , fear of falling ( fes-i ) , physical activity level , and perceived health related quality of life ( sf-@ ) .", "analysis was by intention to treat .", "there were @ injurious falls in the intervention group and @ in the control group ( hazard ratio @ , @ % confidence interval @ to @ ) .", "the difference in severe injuries ( @ in intervention group v @ in control group ) was of the same order of magnitude ( @ , @ to @ ) .", "at two years , women in the intervention group performed significantly better on all physical tests and had significantly better perception of their overall physical function than women in the control group .", "among women who started the intervention ( n = @ ) , the median number of group sessions attended was @ ( interquartile range @-@ ) .", "five injurious falls related to the intervention were recorded .", "a two year progressive balance retraining programme combining weekly group and individual sessions was effective in reducing injurious falls and in improving measured and perceived physical function in women aged @-@ at risk of falling.trial registration clinicaltrials.gov ( nct@ ) ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we compared the efficacy of medical masks ( mm ) and n@ respirators ( n@ ) in preventing bacterial colonization/infection in healthcare workers ( hcws ) .", "a cluster randomized clinical trial ( rct ) of @ hospital hcws randomized to medical masks or n@ respirators , and compared to @ control hcws , was performed in beijing , china , during the winter season of @-@ .", "participants were followed for development of clinical respiratory illness ( cri ) .", "symptomatic subjects were tested for streptococcus pneumoniae , bordetella pertussis , chlamydia pneumoniae , mycoplasma pneumoniae or haemophilus influenza type b by multiplex polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) .", "the rate of bacterial colonization was @ % in the n@ group ( p = @ ) , @ % among medical mask users ( p < @ ) and @ % among the controls ( p = @ ) .", "n@ respirators were significantly protective ( adjusted rr @ , @ % ci : @-@ @ ) against bacterial colonization .", "co-infections of two bacteria or a virus and bacteria occurred in up to @ % of hcws , and were significantly lower in the n@ arm .", "n@ respirators were significantly protective against bacterial colonization , co-colonization and viral-bacterial co-infection .", "we showed that dual respiratory virus or bacterial-viral co-infections can be reduced by the use of n@ respirators .", "this study has occupational health and safety implications for health workers ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "fever and neutropenia ( fn ) often complicate anticancer treatment and can be caused by potentially fatal infections .", "knowledge of pathogen distribution is paramount for optimal patient management .", "microbiologically defined infections ( mdi ) in pediatric cancer patients presenting with fn by nonmyeloablative chemotherapy enrolled in a prospective multicenter study were analyzed .", "effectiveness of empiric antibiotic therapy in fn episodes with bacteremia was assessed taking into consideration recently published treatment guidelines for pediatric patients with fn .", "mdi were identified in a minority ( @ % ) of pediatric cancer patients with fn .", "in patients with , compared with patients without mdi , fever -lsb- median , @ ( interquartile range : @-@ ) vs. @ ( interquartile range : @-@ ) days , p < @ -rsb- and hospitalization -lsb- @ ( @-@ ) vs. @ ( @-@ ) days , p < @ -rsb- lasted longer , transfer to the intensive care unit was more likely -lsb- @ of @ ( @ % ) vs. @ of @ ( @ % ) , p < @ -rsb- , and antibiotics were given longer -lsb- @ ( @-@ ) vs. @ ( @-@ ) days , p < @ -rsb- .", "empiric antibiotic therapy in fn episodes with bacteremia was highly effective if not only intrinsic and reported antimicrobial susceptibilities were considered but also the purposeful omission of coverage for coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci was taken into account -lsb- @ % ( @ % confidence interval : @-@ ) vs. @ % ( @ % confidence interval : @-@ @ ) , p = @ -rsb- .", "mdi were identified in a minority of fn episodes but they significantly affected management and the clinical course of pediatric cancer patients .", "compliance with published guidelines was associated with effectiveness of empiric antibiotic therapy in fn episodes with bacteremia ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol ( czp ) in moderate-to-severe crohn 's disease were demonstrated in two @-week double-blind studies ( precise @ & @ ) .", "to report the safety and efficacy outcomes of long-term , czp therapy from precise @ , in which patients received treatment up to @years treatment .", "patients completing precise @ or @ were eligible to enter precise @ in which they received czp @mg , open-label , every @weeks ( without additional induction therapy ) for up to @years , for up to @ doses from study start .", "safety ( adverse events , including infections and malignancies ) and efficacy ( harvey-bradshaw index , faecal calprotectin , c-reactive protein ) were prospectively monitored .", "remission was analysed using observed cases , last observation carried forward imputation and nonresponder imputation .", "a total of @ patients entered the study ; @ ( @ % ) completed @years .", "discontinuation rates were @ % , @ % , @ % , @ % , @ % , @ % and @ % ( years @-@ respectively ) .", "during @ patient-years of exposure to czp , no new safety signals were observed .", "incidence rates ( new cases/@ patient-years ) for serious infections and malignant neoplasms were @ and @ respectively .", "no lymphoproliferative malignancies were reported .", "clinical remission rates were @ % at each year ( observed cases ) ; rates by last observation carried forward and nonresponder imputation were @ % and @ % at year @ , @ % and @ % at year @ and @ % and @ % at year @ respectively .", "certolizumab pegol was well tolerated in the long-term treatment of crohn 's disease , with sustained remission in some patients continuing in the study for up to @years .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "hiv-@ plasma viral load during treatment can be highly variable .", "thus , there is the need to find a measure of cumulative viremia that can be used to assess both the short - and long-term efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) .", "here , we validate a measure of cumulative viremia to evaluate haart efficacy .", "we accessed haart efficacy using data from a randomized clinical trial conducted in mexico .", "we compared the proportion of individuals achieving a viral load < @ and < @ copies/ml at week @ , against the cumulative plasma viral load , estimated as the area under the plasma viral load curve ( auvlc ) .", "high auvlc indicates high cumulative viremia .", "there was a strong and significant association between the proportion of individuals achieving a viral load < @ and < @ copies/ml at week @ , with individuals suppressed having significant lower cumulative viremia .", "the median area was @ ( @th-@th percentile -lsb- q@-q@ -rsb- @-@ ) if viral load < @ copies/ml and @ ( q@-q@ @-@ ) if viral load @ copies/ml ( p-value @ ) .", "when the analysis was stratified by study arm , individuals on efavirenz had lower cumulative viremia than those on boosted lopinavir .", "our findings suggest that cumulative viremia should be explored further as a tool to simultaneously evaluate the individual and public health efficacy of haart .", "this is particularly relevant to the implementation and evaluation of the treatment @ strategy recently proposed by unaids and the who , as a means to maximize the individual and public health benefit of haart ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether differences could be detected in mobility outcomes during community mobility and home mobility tasks according to type of mobility assistive device .", "randomized , repeated measures .", "community mobility task : traversing @ m between the rehabilitation clinic and hospital entrance ; home mobility task : traversing @m into and out of a patient training bathroom and bedroom .", "community-dwelling , cognitively intact ambulatory veterans ( n = @ ) who used a mobility device within the @ days prior to the study .", "participants tested @ types of mobility assistive devices with wheels : @-wheeled walker ( ww ) , manual wheelchair ( mwc ) , and powered wheelchair ( pwc ) .", "the first and last devices used by each participant were randomly assigned as either mwc or ww .", "the pwc was always the second device .", "speed ( m/s ) , collisions ( total ) , fatigue ( @-@ likert scale ) , and pain ( @-@ likert scale , diagram ) .", "the community mobility task was performed with all @ devices by @ ( @ % ) veterans , and the home mobility task was performed with all @ devices by @ ( @ % ) participants .", "in each task , @ participants used the ww and @ participants used the mwc as the final device .", "in the community mobility task , statistically significant differences ( p < @ ) were seen with @ device comparison for all studied outcomes ( eg , standardized mean difference for the mwc compared with the pwc showed -@ fewer collisions for the mwc ) .", "in the home mobility task , speed , collisions , and fatigue showed statistically significant ( p < @ ) device-related differences ( eg , standardized mean difference for the ww compared with the mwc showed -@ fewer collisions for the ww ) .", "we found statistically significant and substantively different effects from @ commonly used mobility assistive devices with wheels on diverse mobility outcomes when used in typical community mobility and home mobility tasks , providing proof of concept support for a research methodology applicable to comparative outcome studies of diverse mobility aids ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "ramadan fasting is a special model of hunger and particularly affects metabolic processes , including carbohydrate and lipid levels .", "endocrine changes induced by ramadan fasting are not well known .", "the aim of this article was to evaluate the changes in hormone levels in women before and after the special muslim fasting period of ramadan .", "this study was performed in @ healthy women in obstetrics and gynecology department during the ramadan month of@ .", "patients during and after the first menstrual period had menstrual cycles fasting blood samples taken on the same days .", "luteinizing hormone ( lh ) , follicle stimulating hormone ( fsh ) , estradiol ( e@ ) , testosterone , and prolactin ( prl ) levels were determined .", "before and during fasting lh , fsh , e@ , testosterone and prl levels were not statistically different .", "despite the limited available studies on these subjects in women , effect of ramadan fasting on hormone levels were found to be within the normal limits ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this work intended to observe the effect of injecting botolinum toxin type a ( btx-a ) for relieving spastic iliopsoas of cerebral palsy on children , and to investigate the improvement of this method for the motor function in these children .", "from july @ to august @ , @ children with spastic iliopsoas cerebral palsy were received rehabilitation therapy .", "the age ranged from @ to @ years .", "the control group were treated by conventional physical therapy ( py ) .", "the experimental group were treated not only by the conventional physical therapy , but also btx-a injection .", "the dose of btx-a injection was according to the weight of the child and the modified ashworth scale ( mas ) .", "the dose of the injection ranged from @ iu to @ iu with the average dose @ iu .", "there was no significant difference between two the groups on ages , weight and mas , gmfm ( gross motor function measure ) and extension angle of hip joints before treatment .", "in both groups , the modified ashworth scale decreased , gmfm and extension angle of hip joints increased after eight weeks .", "in the control group , the gmfm improved significantly .", "in the experimental group , mas , gmfm and extension angle of hip joints changed significantly after therapy .", "there was significant difference between two groups in mas , gmfm and extension angle of hip joints after two months .", "the btx-a injection can relieve iliopsoas spasticity of cerebral palsy on children efficiently .", "this therapy can help children to correct abnormal gait and to improve their motor function ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study sought to assess radiation exposure and operator discomfort when using left radial approach ( lra ) versus right radial approach ( rra ) for coronary diagnostic and percutaneous interventions .", "the transradial approach is increasingly being adopted as the preferred vascular access for coronary interventions .", "currently , most are performed using an rra .", "this is in part due to the perceived increased operator physical discomforts as well increased radiation exposure with an lra .", "one hundred patients were randomized to an lra or rra .", "each operator ( n = @ ) had an independent randomization process , and patients were stratified according to obesity status .", "operator radiation was measured using separate sets of radiation dosimeter badges placed externally on the head and thyroid and internally on the sternum .", "operator physical discomfort was surveyed at @ time points : during vascular access and at the end of the procedure .", "moderate to severe physical discomfort was defined as a score of > @ .", "there were no significant differences in baseline and procedural variables between groups .", "there was a significant increase in external radiation exposure using the rra versus lra ( head : median : @ -lsb- interquartile range ( iqr ) : @ to @ -rsb- mrems vs. median : @ -lsb- iqr : @ to @ -rsb- mrems , p = @ ; thyroid : median : @ -lsb- iqr : @ to @ -rsb- mrems vs. median : @ -lsb- iqr : @ to @ -rsb- mrems , p = @ ) .", "more discomfort was reported with the lra during access ( lra : @ % vs. rra : @ % ; p = @ ) , but not during the procedure ( lra : @ % vs. rra : @ % , p = @ ) .", "this difference was almost entirely noted inobese patients ( lra : @ % vs. rra : @ % , p = @ ) .", "lra is as effective as rra , showing a safer profile with decreased radiation exposure to the operator , at the expense of more operator discomfort only during vascular access and limited to obese patients ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]