Datasets:

nanyy1025

/

pubmed_rct_20k

like 1

[ "this study investigated whether early intervention based on additional use of sidestream capnography could reduce the incidence of oxygen desaturation and hypoxic events in patients receiving propofol anesthesia during surgical abortion .", "we recruited @ asai-iii female patients , @-@ years old and scheduled for planned painless surgical abortion , and randomized them into a control group ( n = @ ) receiving standard monitoring and an experimental group ( n = @ ) receiving standard monitoring and additional capnography .", "exclusion criteria were preexisting cardiovascular disease , preexisting hypotension , bradycardia or arrhythmia , and drug allergy .", "anesthesia was induced in all patients with propofol using target-controlled infusion at a target propofol plasma concentration of @ g/ml .", "all patients received flurbiprofen axetil @ mg and @ g/kg fentanyl @ min before anesthesia .", "bispectral index was used and maintained between @ and @ .", "main outcome measures were apnea or abnormal ventilation status , rate of oxygen desaturation , occurrence of hypoxia and severe hypoxia , and perioperative side effects .", "the experimental group had significantly higher rate of apnea or abnormal ventilation , significantly lower rate of oxygen desaturation , and significant lower occurrence of hypoxia and severe hypoxia compared to the control group .", "we found no statistically significant differences between the @ groups in the rates of increased oxygen supplementation , assisted ventilation , bradycardia , hypotension , dosage of atropine , dosage of ephedrine or phenylephrine , and the amount of propofol consumed .", "sidestream capnographic monitoring improves early detection of alterations in ventilation parameters and reduces the incidence of oxygen desaturation and hypoxemia resulting from propofol anesthesia during surgical abortion ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "sympathetic response associated with laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is recognised as a potential cause for a number of complications especially in hypertensive patients .", "various methods have been used to attenuate these haemodynamic responses ; however most of the studies are in normotensive patients .", "the aim of our study was to compare the effect of oral clonidine and @/v fentanyl with oral placebo and i/v fentanyl in attenuating the haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation in known hypertensive patients .", "in a double blind randomised controlled trial .", "@ hypertensive patients , taking antihypertensive drugs and with systolic blood pressure below @ ( mmhg and diastolic blood pressure below @ mmhg scheduled for elective surgeries , requiring oral endotracheal intubation and age ranging from @-@ years were included in this study and randomly divided into group a ( clonidine @ mg + fentanyl @ microg/kg ) and group b ( placebo + fentanyl @ microg/kg ) .", "demographic data were comparable in both groups .", "there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the duration of laryngoscopy and intubation .", "there was statistically significant attenuation in heart rate in both groups ( p = @ ) .", "the trends of attenuation of systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in group a compared to group b , were statistically significant ( p = @ , @ , @ respectively ) .", "clonidine , under the present study design attenuates the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in known hypertensive patients ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "borderline personality disorder ( bpd ) is a serious psychiatric condition associated with substantial mortality , burden and public health costs .", "dbt is the treatment model with the largest number of published research articles showing effectiveness .", "however , some patients are not sufficiently engaged in outpatient treatment while presenting severe parasuicidal behavior , making hospitalization necessary .", "the center for personality disorders jelgersma developed an intensive @-week inpatient dbt program that ( i ) rapidly reduces core borderline symptoms like suicidal behavior , ( ii ) minimizes the negative effects of an inpatient setting , and ( iii ) enhances compliance with outpatient treatment .", "we evaluate the ( cost - ) effectiveness of this experimental program .", "seventy patients , aged @ to @years with a primary diagnosis of bpd , showing a chronic pattern of parasuicidal gestures and/or reporting high degrees of severity of other borderline symptoms , are randomly allocated to the control and intervention groups .", "subjects in the control group receive standard outpatient dbt , provided in one of three regular mental health settings in ggz rivierduinen .", "subjects in the intervention group receive @weeks of intensified inpatient dbt plus six months of standard dbt , provided in the center for personality disorders jelgersma .", "the primary outcome is the number of suicide attempts/self-harming acts .", "secondary outcomes are severity of other borderline complaints , quality of life , general psychopathological symptoms and health care utilization and productivity costs .", "data are gathered using a prospective , two ( group : intervention and control ) by five ( time of measurement ) repeated measures factorial design.participants will complete three-monthly outcome assessments in the course of therapy : at baseline , and @ , @ , @ and @weeks after the start of the treatment .", "the period of recruitment started in march @ and the study will end in december @ .", "highly suicidal outpatient patients can pose a dilemma for mental health care professionals .", "although hospitalization seems inevitable under some circumstances , it has proven to be harmful in its own right .", "this paper outlines the background and methods of a randomized trial evaluating the possible surplus value of a short-term inpatient dbt program ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "poor cd@ lymphocyte recovery on antiretroviral therapy ( art ) is associated with reduced function of the thymus .", "palifermin ( keratinocyte growth factor ) , by providing support to the thymic epithelium , promotes lymphopoiesis in animal models of bone marrow transplantation and graft-versus-host disease .", "in aids clinical trials group a@ , a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study , @ hiv-infected patients on art with plasma hiv-@ rna levels @ copies per milliliter for @ months and cd@ lymphocyte counts < @ cells per cubic milliliter were randomized @:@:@:@ to receive once daily intravenous administration of placebo or @ , @ , or @ g/kg of palifermin on @ consecutive days .", "the median change in the cd@ t-cell count from baseline to week @ was not significantly different between the placebo arm -lsb- @ ( -@ , @ ) cells/mm -rsb- and the @-g/kg dose -lsb- @ ( @ , @ ) cells/mm -rsb- , the @-g/kg dose -lsb- @ ( -@ , @ ) cells/mm -rsb- , or the @-g/kg dose arm -lsb- @ ( -@ , @ ) cells/mm -rsb- of palifermin .", "no significant changes were observed in thymus size or in the number of naive t cells or recent thymic emigrants .", "palifermin in the doses studied was not effective in improving thymic function and did not raise cd@ lymphocyte counts in hiv-infected patients with low cd@ cell counts despite virologically effective art ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the centers for disease control and prevention highlights the importance of evaluating interventions rigorously and recommends evaluating new interventions against interventions with established efficacy .", "competencias para adolescentes con una sexualidad saludable ( compas ) is a school-based hiv prevention program that has been shown to be effective in reducing sexual risk behaviors among adolescents in spain .", "this study evaluates the efficacy of compas program compared with a spanish-culture adapted version of cudate !", "( take care of yourself ) , an evidence-based hiv prevention curriculum designed for latino adolescents in the us .", "this cluster randomized controlled trial involved @,@ adolescents attending @ public high schools located in @ provinces of spain .", "the schools invited to participate were enrolled and randomly assigned to the three experimental conditions : compas , cudate !", ", and control group ( cg ; no intervention ) .", "generalized estimating equation analyses revealed that both interventions improved attitudes toward people living with human immunodeficiency syndrome ( hiv ) / aids and the hiv test and increased hiv/sexually transmitted infection knowledge and intention to engage in safer sex behaviors compared with the cg .", "although only compas increased participants ' sexual risk perception and attitude toward condom use compared with the cg , the two interventions did not significantly differ on any outcome .", "when compared with an established program , compas was at least as effective at increasing the intention to engage in safer sex behaviors as the evidence-based intervention ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "childbirth has been recognised as the most painful experience known to women .", "this study aimed at studying the efficacy and safety of the single shot spinal analgesia for pain relief in labour .", "one hundred and twelve parturients in labour were randomized into two groups of @ paturients each .", "group b received @ mg of spinal plain bupivacaine only while group bf had @ mg plain bupivacaine with @ gg of fentanyl .", "onset of sensory block , time to achieve maximum sensory block , duration of sensory and motor block and the level of block were recorded .", "the need for oxytocin augmentation , instrumental delivery , neonatal apgar scores and umbilical artery blood ph were recorded .", "the numeric rating pain scores for groups b and bf were significantly reduced from a mean prespinal score of @ + / - @ cm and @ + / - @ cm respectively to a mean post-spinal pain score of @ + / - @ cm and @ + / - @ cm respectively , p = @ .", "the mean duration of analgesia in group b was @ + / - @ mins while it was @ + / - @ mins in group bf , p = @ .", "the study showed that low dose spinal bupivacaine either alone or in combination with fentanyl is safe for labour analgesia , but the combination f bupivacaine with fentanyl provided much more prolonged pain relief" ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "treatment of women at risk for preterm birth with repeat doses of glucocorticoids reduces neonatal morbidity but could have adverse long-term effects on cardiometabolic health in offspring .", "we assessed whether exposure to repeat antenatal betamethasone increased risk factors for later cardiometabolic disease in children whose mothers participated in the australasian collaborative trial of repeat doses of corticosteroids .", "women were randomized to betamethasone or placebo treatment , @ days after an initial course of glucocorticoids , repeated each week that they remained at risk for preterm birth at < @ weeks ' gestation .", "in this follow-up study , children were assessed at @ to @ years ' corrected age for body composition , insulin sensitivity , ambulatory blood pressure , and renal function .", "of @ eligible childhood survivors , @ were studied ( @ % ; @ repeat betamethasone group ; @ placebo -lsb- single course -rsb- group ) .", "children exposed to repeat antenatal betamethasone and those exposed to placebo had similar total fat mass ( geometric mean ratio @ , @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- @ to @ ) , minimal model insulin sensitivity ( geometric mean ratio @ , @ % ci @ to @ ) , @-hour ambulatory blood pressure ( mean difference systolic @ mm hg , @ % ci -@ to @ ; diastolic @ mm hg , @ % ci -@ to @ ) , and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( mean difference @ ml/min/@ @ m ( @ ) , @ % ci -@ to @ ) .", "exposure to repeat doses of antenatal betamethasone compared with a single course of glucocorticoids does not increase risk factors for cardiometabolic disease at early school age ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the impact of hatha yoga as add-on treatment to quetiapine fumarate extended release ( qxr ) or escitalopram ( esc ) in depressed patients on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ( hpa ) axis activity was assessed .", "@ inpatients suffering from major depressive disorder ( mdd ) according to dsm-iv were randomized for a @ week treatment with yoga or not ( control group ) and with either qxr ( @mg/day ) or esc ( @mg/day ) .", "serial dexamethasone/corticotropin releasing hormone ( dex/crh ) tests were performed to assess hpa axis function .", "the hamilton depression rating scale ( @-hamd ) was used weekly .", "a more pronounced down regulation of the hpa axis activity due to yoga could not be detected .", "the stepwise long term cortisol reduction was seen in both medication groups , irrespectively of yoga add-on treatment .", "in addition , cortisol improvers in week @ of therapy ( reduction in cortisol peak value within the dex/crh test ) reached significant greater amelioration of depressive symptoms after @ weeks .", "our results suggest that antidepressant agents down regulate hpa axis function to a greater extent than additional hatha yoga treatment .", "moreover , an early reduction of hpa system hyperactivity after one week of pharmacological treatment seems to raise the possibility of a favorable treatment response ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "difficult patients comprise at least @ % of ambulatory visits and are associated with clinician burnout .", "no structured procedure has been reported to assist health care practitioners with these challenging relationships .", "this randomized trial evaluated whether a pre - and postvisit patient-centered and clinician-reflective technique called breathe out improved clinician satisfaction during visits with patients perceived by the clinician as difficult .", "six family medicine residency clinics paired as urban , suburban , and rural sites were randomized by clinic to the breathe out intervention or usual care of difficult patients .", "a total of @ physician faculty , nurse practitioners , physician assistants , and residents participated .", "the validated physician satisfaction scale ( pss ) was administered and analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling to assess differences between the intervention and control groups .", "the breathe out intervention improved the pss score ( p = @ ) in the intervention group compared with the usual care group .", "female practitioners reported worse pss scores compared with their male counterparts despite whether they used breathe out ( p = @ ) .", "application of the breathe out questionnaire before and after visits improved clinician satisfaction with difficult patient encounters ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "helicobacter pylori infection is a common chronic human bacterial infection .", "triple - therapy regimen containing a proton pump inhibitor , clarithromycin , and either amoxicillin or metronidazole is commonly used as first-line treatment for its eradication .", "however , it may not provide the acceptable eradication rate .", "the present study was designed to evaluated efficacy of low dose furazolidone with amoxicillin and omeprazole for eradication of h - pylori .", "one hundred twenty patients with non - ulcer dyspepsia or peptic ulcer confirmed by upper gi endoscopy , plus h - pylori infection confirmed by rapid urease test were included in the study .", "they were randomly divided into two groups , and then received clarithromycin , amoxicillin , and omeprazole , or furazolidone ( @ mg po bid ) , amoxicillin , and omeprazole .", "they were evaluated using urea breath test at the end of the study .", "the eradication rates were @ % and @ % in clarithromycin and furazolidone groups , respectively .", "their difference was statistically significant ( p value @ ) .", "no side effect was seen in the furazolidone group .", "low dose furazolidone rather than clarithromycin can be used as low - cost and effective drug for eradication of h - pylori , in combination with amoxicillin and omeprazole ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we examined the effect of a @-week family-based cognitive behavioural weight management programme developed for use in primary care settings .", "the sample consisted of @ children with obesity ( aged @-@ years ; mean sd : @ @ ) .", "families were randomly assigned to immediate start-up of treatment or to a @-week waiting list condition .", "outcome measures were body mass index standard deviation score ( bmi sds ) , self-esteem , symptoms of depression and blood parameters indicative of cardio-metabolic risk .", "assessments were conducted at baseline , post-treatment , post-waiting list and @ months after treatment termination .", "the mean reduction for the treatment group was -@ bmi sds units compared with an increase of @ units for the waiting list group ( p = @ ) .", "for the entire sample , there was a significant post-treatment improvement on bmi sds ( p = @ ) , all self-esteem measures ( p = @ -@ ) and symptoms of depression ( p = @ ) .", "the mean bmi sds reduction was -@ units post-treatment , and it was maintained at @-month follow-up .", "significant reductions were found in blood lipid levels of total cholesterol ( p = @ ) , ldl-cholesterol ( p = @ ) and hdl-cholesterol ( p = @ ) at @-month follow-up .", "the favourable effect on most of the psychological measures waned from post-treatment to follow-up , but not approaching baseline levels .", "boys demonstrated significantly greater reductions in bmi sds than girls ( p = @ ) , while baseline psychiatric co-morbidity did not influence bmi sds outcome .", "the treatment shows significant and favourable effects on bmi sds , self-esteem and symptoms of depression compared with a waiting list condition ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine , at @ weeks postsurgery , if a monitored home exercise program ( hep ) is not inferior to usual care rehabilitation for patients undergoing primary unilateral total knee replacement ( tkr ) surgery for osteoarthritis .", "we conducted a multicenter , randomized clinical trial .", "patients ages @-@ years were allocated at the time of hospital discharge to usual care rehabilitation ( n = @ ) or the hep ( n = @ ) .", "outcomes assessed @ weeks after surgery included the western ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index pain and physical function subscales , knee range of motion , and the @-foot walk time .", "the upper bound of the @ % confidence interval ( @ % ci ) mean difference favoring usual care was used to determine noninferiority .", "at @ weeks after surgery there were no significant differences between usual care and hep , respectively , for pain ( @ and @ ; @ % ci mean difference -lsb- md -rsb- -@ , @ ) , physical function ( @ and @ ; @ % ci md -@ , @ ) , knee flexion ( @ and @ ; @ % ci md -@ , @ ) , knee extension ( -@ and -@ ; @ % ci md -@ , @ ) , or the @-foot walk time ( @ and @ seconds ; @ % ci md -@ , @ seconds ) .", "at @ weeks , @ patients ( @ % ) allocated to usual care and @ ( @ % ) to the hep did not achieve @ knee flexion .", "there was no difference between the treatment allocations in the number of hospital readmissions .", "the hep was not inferior to usual care as an early rehabilitation protocol after primary tkr ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate muscle fatigue and participant pain in the upper back , cervical , and arm muscles associated with microlaryngeal surgery ( mls ) in standardized favorable and unfavorable ergonomic positions .", "individual randomized counterbalanced design .", "electromyographic sensors were placed on targeted muscles involved with performing mls on @ otolaryngology residents/fellows .", "subjects were randomly counterbalanced in both favorable and unfavorable positions while completing simulated laryngeal microsurgical tasks .", "participants reported their extent of muscle discomfort in targeted muscle regions on a standardized survey .", "muscle fatigue and self-reported pain were reduced , and productivity was improved in the favorable position .", "in the lower trapezius , significantly less muscle activation ( p = @ ) and less pain ( p < @ ) were found while in the favorable position compared to the unfavorable position .", "this is the first study to demonstrate electromyographic evidence of decreased muscle activation and fatigue , in addition to self-reported pain with a more favorable microsurgical ergonomic position , which may help surgeons avoid musculoskeletal injuries ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine if functional discharge readiness and mobility following total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) for osteoarthritis is delayed after femoral nerve block ( fnb ) with or without patient-controlled analgesia ( pca ) opioid compared with pca opioid alone .", "we analyzed secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial with @ patients undergoing unilateral tka .", "experimental group @ received single-injection fnb with intravenous pca opioid , experimental group @ received continuous fnb , and the control group received pca opioid alone .", "fnb was administered using bupivacaine .", "patients followed a structured tka pathway .", "discharge readiness outcomes included achievement of @ knee flexion , independent walking , and stair climbing , and were assessed daily before discharge or day @ , whichever came first .", "mobility outcomes included the timed up and go ( tug ) test , the @-minute walk distance ( @mwd ) , and self-reported physical function , and were assessed at weeks @ and @ .", "tug was also assessed on days @ to @ , postoperation .", "both fnb groups ( @ % ) were more likely to achieve @ knee flexion compared with the control group ( @ % ) ; odds ratio ( or ) @ , @ % confidence interval ( @ % ci ) @ , @ for single-injection fnb , and or @ , @ % ci @ , @ for continuous fnb .", "there were no significant differences in independent walking and stair-climbing ability before discharge , tug , @mwd , or self-reported physical function , between the fnb groups compared with the control group .", "after tka , fnb ( single-injection with pca opioid or continuous ) does not delay achievement of @ knee flexion or other measures of functional discharge readiness and mobility compared with pca opioid alone ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in preterm infants receiving supplemental oxygen , routine manual control ( rmc ) of the fraction of inspired oxygen ( fio@ ) is often difficult and time consuming .", "we developed a system for closed-loop automatic control ( clac ) of the fio@ and demonstrated its short-term safety and efficacy in a single-center study .", "the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that this system is more effective than rmc alone in maintaining arterial oxygen saturation within target levels when evaluated over @ hours under routine conditions and with different target levels .", "we performed a multicenter , randomized controlled , crossover clinical trial in @ preterm infants receiving mechanical ventilation or nasal continuous positive airway pressure and supplemental oxygen .", "twenty-four-hour periods with rmc were compared with @-hour periods of rmc supported by clac .", "the median ( range ) percentage of time with arterial oxygen saturation levels within target range was @ ( @-@ @ ) for rmc and @ ( @-@ @ ) for clac ( p < @ ) .", "the median ( range ) number of manual fio@ adjustments was reduced from @ ( @-@ @ ) for rmc to @ ( @-@ @ ) for clac ( p = @ ) .", "clac may improve oxygen administration to preterm infants receiving mechanical ventilation or nasal continuous positive airway pressure while reducing workload related to rmc ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "dacomitinib is an irreversible pan-egfr family tyrosine kinase inhibitor .", "findings from a phase @ study in non-small cell lung cancer showed favourable efficacy for dacomitinib compared with erlotinib .", "we aimed to compare dacomitinib with erlotinib in a phase @ study .", "in a randomised , multicentre , double-blind phase @ trial in @ centres in @ countries , we enrolled patients who had locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer , progression after one or two previous regimens of chemotherapy , eastern cooperative oncology group ( ecog ) performance status of @-@ , and presence of measurable disease .", "we randomly assigned patients in a @:@ ratio to dacomitinib ( @ mg/day ) or erlotinib ( @ mg/day ) with matching placebo .", "treatment allocation was masked to the investigator , patient , and study funder .", "randomisation was stratified by histology ( adenocarcinoma vs non-adenocarcinoma ) , ethnic origin ( asian vs non-asian and indian sub-continent ) , performance status ( @-@ vs @ ) , and smoking status ( never-smoker vs ever-smoker ) .", "the coprimary endpoints were progression-free survival per independent review for all randomly assigned patients , and for all randomly assigned patients with kras wild-type tumours .", "the study has completed accrual and is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .", "between june @ , @ , and march @ , @ , we enrolled @ patients and randomly assigned @ to dacomitinib ( @ kras wild type ) and @ ( @ kras wild type ) to erlotinib .", "median progression-free survival was @ months ( @ % ci @-@ ) in both the dacomitinib group and the erlotinib group ( stratified hazard ratio -lsb- hr -rsb- @ , @ % ci @-@ , one-sided log-rank p = @ ) .", "for patients with wild-type kras , median progression-free survival was @ months for dacomitinib ( @ % ci @-@ ) and erlotinib ( @ % ci @-@ ; stratified hr @ , @ % ci @-@ , one-sided p = @ ) .", "in patients who received at least one dose of study drug , the most frequent grade @-@ adverse events were diarrhoea ( @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- patients in the dacomitinib group vs ten -lsb- @ % -rsb- patients in the erlotinib group ) , rash ( @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- vs @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- ) , and stomatitis ( @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- vs two -lsb- < @ % -rsb- ) .", "serious adverse events were reported in @ ( @ % ) patients receiving dacomitinib and @ ( @ % ) patients receiving erlotinib .", "irreversible egfr inhibition with dacomitinib was not superior to erlotinib in an unselected patient population with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer or in patients with kras wild-type tumours .", "further study of irreversible egfr inhibitors should be restricted to patients with activating egfr mutations .", "pfizer ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the aim of this study is to assess efficacy and safety of reinforced h. pylori eradication therapy .", "during @-@ , @ outpatients were examined .", "the study included men and women @-@ y.o.", "they have been devided in to @ group by randomized choice ( @ patients in each group ) .", "patients were treated with the reinforced h. pylori eradication therapy : ppi ( @ mg , / q@h ) , clarithromycin ( @mg/q@h ) , amoxicillin ( @ mg/q@h ) , bismuth subcitrate ( @ mg/q@h ) for @ days .", "the first group given bismuth subcitrate -- de-nol , the second group given novobismol .", "eradication was confirmed by a @c-urea breath test and monoclonal stool antigen test @-@ weeks after therapy .", "a total of @ patients underwent eradication treatment .", "two were lost to follow-up ( one patient in each group ) , four patients ( two patients in each group ) did not complete treatment due to adverse events .", "the eradication rates were @ % ( @ % ci , @ % -@ % ) by per-protocol ( pp ) and @ % ( @ % ci , @ % - @ % ) by intention-to-treat ( itt ) in the two groups .", "the itt analyses resulted in rates of @ % ( @ % ci , @-@ @ ) for the @-d reinforced therapy with denol and was @ % ( @ % ci : @-@ @ ) for the @-d reinforced therapy with novobismol ( p = @ ) , while the pp analyses resulted in @ % ( @ % ci , @-@ @ ) and @ % ( @ % ci : @-@ @ ) , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "the reinforced h. pylori eradication therapy ( @-day high-dose ppi bismuth-containing standard triple therapy ) achieves a significantly high eradication rates in patients with h. pylori - associated diseases .", "both drugs ( de - nol and novobismol ) are both effective and safe for the first-line eradication of h. pylori ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "emergency department discharge instructions are variably understood by patients , and in the setting of emergency department crowding , innovations are needed to counteract shortened interaction times with the physician .", "we evaluated the effect of viewing an online video of diagnosis-specific discharge instructions on patient comprehension and recall of instructions .", "in this prospective , single-center , randomized controlled trial conducted between november @ and january @ , we randomized emergency department patients who were discharged with one of @ diagnoses to either view ( after they left the emergency department ) a vetted online video of diagnosis-specific discharge instructions , or to usual care .", "patients were subsequently contacted by telephone and asked three standardized questions about their discharge instructions ; one point was awarded for each correct answer .", "using an intention-to-treat analysis , differences between groups were assessed using univariate testing , and with logistic regression that accounted for clustering on managing physician .", "a secondary outcome measure was patient satisfaction with the videos , on a @-point scale .", "among @ patients enrolled , mean age was @ ( s.d.d. @ ) and @ % were female .", "patients in the video group had @ % higher mean scores ( @ , s.d. @ ) than patients in the control group ( @ , s.d. @ ) ( p = @ ) .", "after adjustment for patient age , sex , first language , triage acuity score , and clustering , the odds of achieving a fully correct score ( @ out of @ ) were @ ( @ % ci , @ to @ ) times higher in the video group , compared to the control group .", "among those who viewed the videos , median rating of the videos was @ ( iqr @ to @ ) .", "in this single-center trial , patients who viewed an online video of their discharge instructions scored higher on their understanding of key concepts around their diagnosis and subsequent care .", "those who viewed the videos found them to be a helpful addition to standard care .", "clinicaltrials.gov nct@ http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct@/show/nct@?term=nct@&rank=@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "anesthesiologists have encountered various difficulties in securing the airway .", "therefore , we compare the intubation times and hemodynamic changes between the mcgrath series @ video laryngoscope and the macintosh laryngoscope .", "a total of @ obstetric patients were divided into @ groups , orotracheally intubated with either the mcgrath video laryngoscope or the macintosh laryngoscope .", "the intubation times , cormack-lehane grade , percentage of glottic opening , mean arterial blood pressure , and heart rates were compared among the groups .", "intubation time in the mcgrath video laryngoscope group was significantly longer than in the macintosh laryngoscope group ( p < @ ) .", "the percentage of glottic opening was found to be higher in the mcgrath video laryngoscope group ( p = @ ) .", "the mcgrath series @ video laryngoscope provides excellent views during orotracheal intubation in obstetric anesthesia with normal airways ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "smoking-related cues can trigger drug-seeking behaviors , and computer-based interventions that reduce cognitive biases towards such cues may be efficacious and cost-effective cessation aids .", "in order to optimize such interventions , there needs to be better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of cognitive bias modification ( cbm ) .", "here we present a protocol for an investigation of the neural effects of cbm and varenicline in non-quitting daily smokers .", "we will recruit @ daily smokers who report smoking at least @ manufactured cigarettes or @ roll-ups per day and who smoke within one hour of waking .", "participants will attend two sessions approximately one week apart .", "at the first session participants will be screened for eligibility and randomized to receive either varenicline or a placebo over a seven-day period .", "on the final drug-taking day ( day seven ) participants will attend a second session and be further randomized to one of three cbm conditions ( training towards smoking cues , training away from smoking cues , or control training ) .", "participants will then undergo a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan during which they will view smoking-related pictorial cues .", "primary outcome measures are changes in cognitive bias as measured by the visual dot-probe task , and neural responses to smoking-related cues .", "secondary outcome measures will be cognitive bias as measured by a transfer task ( modified stroop test of smoking-related cognitive bias ) and subjective mood and cigarette craving .", "this study will add to the relatively small literature examining the effects of cbm in addictions .", "it will address novel questions regarding the neural effects of cbm .", "it will also investigate whether varenicline treatment alters neural response to smoking-related cues .", "these findings will inform future research that can develop behavioral treatments that target relapse prevention .", "registered with current controlled trials : isrctn@ .", "registered on @ january @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "total hip arthroplasty ( tha ) is an increasingly common treatment for older patients with hip osteoarthritis .", "the best strategy for a physiotherapy intervention for older people after tha is not clear in the literature .", "the purpose of this protocol study is to test the feasibility of undertaking a full trial clinical to evaluate the effect of ergometer cycling-associated conventional exercises on functional results and health-related quality of life ( hrqol ) of older patients with tha .", "this study protocol is a prospective , single center , randomized controlled pilot clinical trial .", "older patients ( @ years ) in the postoperative phase after primary unilateral tha for hip osteoarthritis will be consecutively recruited for this study and randomly allocated to @ treatment groups .", "group i will perform cycle ergometer and conventional exercises , and group ii will perform only conventional exercises .", "the sessions will be conducted twice a week for @ weeks .", "assessments will be made at baseline ( @ weeks postoperatively : the moment that the patients receive a referral for physical therapy , which will start after suture removal ) , after intervention ( @ weeks postoperatively ) , and at @ months of follow-up ( @ weeks postoperatively ) .", "the primary outcomes are the function , evaluated using the harris hip score ( hhs ) and the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) .", "the secondary outcome is hrqol , measured using @ evaluation instruments : the medical outcomes study @-item short-form health survey ( sf-@ ) and the western ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index ( womac ) .", "data collectors will be blinded and will not have contact with participants during the interventions .", "this randomized controlled trial will provide evidence regarding the effect of this exercise therapy on physical function and quality of life in older patients after tha .", "if our hypothesis is correct , both interventions will be effective , but the exercises on the cycle ergometer conferring better results in function , physical performance and quality of life .", "the study follows consolidated standards of reporting trials ( consort ) guidelines , and the approval of the local ethics committee has been obtained .", "clinicaltrials.gov : nct@ ( @ june @ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to examine the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab ( lucentis ; genentech , inc. , south san francisco , ca ) treatment on patient-reported vision-related function , as assessed by @-item national eye institute visual function questionnaire ( nei vfq-@ ) scores , in patients with visual impairment secondary to center-involved diabetic macular edema ( dme ) .", "within @ randomized , double-masked , phase @ clinical trials ( ride -lsb- a study of ranibizumab injection in subjects with clinically significant macular edema -lcb- me -rcb- with center involvement secondary to diabetes mellitus ; nct@ -rsb- and rise -lsb- a study of ranibizumab injection in subjects with clinically significant macular edema -lcb- me -rcb- with center involvement secondary to diabetes mellitus ; nct@ -rsb- ) , the nei vfq-@ was administered at baseline and at the @ - , @ - , @ - , and @-month follow-up visits .", "three hundred eighty-two ( @ % ) ride patients and @ ( @ % ) rise patients .", "patients were randomized @:@:@ to monthly injections of intravitreal ranibizumab @ or @ mg or sham .", "study participants could receive macular laser for dme from month @ onward if specific criteria were met .", "exploratory post hoc analysis of mean change from baseline in nei vfq-@ scores at @ and @ months .", "across all treatment arms , @ % to @ % of enrolled eyes were the better-seeing eye .", "for all eyes in ride and rise , the mean change in nei vfq-@ composite score improved more in ranibizumab-treated eyes at both the @ - and @-month visits compared with sham treatment .", "for the better-seeing eyes at baseline , the mean change in composite score with @ mg ranibizumab at the @-month visit was @ more ( @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- , @-@ @ ) than sham for ride patients and @ more ( @ % ci,-@ @ to @ ) than sham for rise patients .", "for the worse-seeing eyes at baseline , the mean change in composite score with @ mg ranibizumab at the @-month visit was @ more ( @ % ci,-@ @ to @ ) than sham for ride patients and @ more ( @ % ci,-@ @ to @ ) than sham for rise patients .", "similar results for most of these outcomes were seen with @ mg ranibizumab .", "these phase @ trials demonstrated that ranibizumab treatment for dme likely improves patient-reported vision-related function outcomes compared with sham , further supporting treatment of dme with ranibizumab ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "robot-aided exercise therapy is a promising approach to enhance walking ability in stroke survivors .", "this study was designed to test a new robotic knee brace for restoring mobility in stroke survivors .", "twenty-four ambulatory individuals with chronic hemiparesis after stroke were enrolled in this pilot study .", "the participants were randomly assigned in equal numbers to either treatment with the experimental device or to a group exercise program and received a total of @ hrs of their assigned therapy during a @-wk training period .", "the primary outcome was gait velocity , as measured with the @-m walk test .", "secondary measures included @-min walk test , timed up and go test , five-times-sit-to-stand test , romberg test , emory functional ambulation profile , berg balance scale , and the california functional evaluation @ .", "twenty subjects completed the entire protocol and all follow-up visits .", "no significant differences between the two groups were found for the primary outcome measure at either the completion of training ( week @ ) or at the @-mo follow-up ( week @ ) , with inconsistent findings for secondary measures .", "no within-group changes were seen in the primary outcome measure ( @-m walk test ) in either group .", "within-group improvements were seen in several of the secondary measures for both groups .", "no complications of robotic therapy were observed .", "robotic therapy for ambulatory stroke patients with chronic hemiparesis using a robotic knee brace resulted in only modest functional benefits that were comparable with a group exercise intervention ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "apixaban is approved for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation .", "however , the apixaban for reduction in stroke and other thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation ( aristotle ) trial included a substantial number of patients with valvular heart disease and only excluded patients with clinically significant mitral stenosis or mechanical prosthetic heart valves .", "we compared the effect of apixaban and warfarin on rates of stroke or systemic embolism , major bleeding , and death in patients with and without moderate or severe valvular heart disease using cox proportional hazards modeling .", "of the @ patients enrolled in aristotle , @ ( @ % ) had a history of moderate or severe valvular heart disease or previous valve surgery .", "patients with valvular heart disease had higher rates of stroke or systemic embolism and bleeding than patients without valvular heart disease .", "there was no evidence of a differential effect of apixaban over warfarin in patients with and without valvular heart disease in reducing stroke and systemic embolism ( hazard ratio -lsb- hr -rsb- , @ ; @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- , @-@ @ and hr , @ ; @ % , ci @-@ @ ; interaction p = @ ) , causing less major bleeding ( hr , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ and hr , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ; interaction p = @ ) , and reducing mortality ( hr , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ and hr , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ; interaction p = @ ) .", "more than a quarter of the patients in aristotle with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation had moderate or severe valvular heart disease .", "there was no evidence of a differential effect of apixaban over warfarin in reducing stroke or systemic embolism , causing less bleeding , and reducing death in patients with and without valvular heart disease .", "url : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov .", "unique identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "prior studies have reported that elevated concentrations of several plasma amino acids ( aa ) , particularly branched chain ( bcaa ) and aromatic aa predict the onset of type @ diabetes .", "we sought to test the hypothesis that circulating bcaa , aromatic aa and related aa metabolites decline in response to the use of insulin sensitizing agents in overweight/obese adults with impaired fasting glucose or untreated diabetes .", "we performed a secondary analysis of a randomized , double-blind , placebo , controlled study conducted in twenty five overweight/obese ( bmi ~ @kg/m ( @ ) ) adults with impaired fasting glucose or untreated diabetes .", "participants were randomized to three months of pioglitazone ( @mg per day ) plus metformin ( @mg twice per day , n = @ participants ) or placebo ( n = @ ) .", "we measured insulin sensitivity by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and fasting concentrations of aa and aa metabolites using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry before and after the three-month intervention .", "insulin sensitizer therapy that significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity reduced @ out of @ aa and aa metabolites measured compared to placebo treatment .", "moreover , insulin sensitizer therapy significantly reduced three functionally clustered aa and metabolite pairs : i ) phenylalanine/tyrosine , ii ) citrulline/arginine , and iii ) lysine / - aminoadipic acid .", "reductions in plasma concentrations of several aa and aa metabolites in response to three months of insulin sensitizer therapy support the concept that reduced insulin sensitivity alters aa and aa metabolites ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the clinical efficacy difference in dysantonomia between transcutaneous electrical stimulation at renying ( st @ ) combined with stellate ganglion block ( sgb ) and simple sgb .", "sixty patients in accord with the diagnostic criteria of dysantonomia were randomly divided into two groups ,@ cases in each group .", "in the observation group , transcutaneous electrical stimulation at renying ( st @ ) combined with sgb were adopted ; in the control group , simple sgb was applied .", "in the two groups , treatment was used three times a week , and nine treatments were considered as one course .", "there was an interval of one week between courses , and two courses were treated .", "total seven weeks were required .", "scores were evaluated according to subjective symptoms before treatment , one month and three months after treatment in the two groups .", "the scores of subjective symptoms were not statistically different before treatment in the two groups ( p > @ ) .", "the scores of subjective symptoms one month and three months after treatment were all lower than those before treatment ( all p < @ ) , and subjective symptoms scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( both p < @ ) .", "transcutaneous electrical stimulation at renying ( st @ ) combined with sgb could obviously enhance the clinical effects for dysantonomia , and the control and improvement for clinical symptoms are apparently superior to simple sgb ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients with subocclusive crohn 's disease ( cd ) who received azathioprine ( aza ) therapy had lower re-hospitalization rates due to all causes and for surgical management of cd compared to those treated with mesalazine during a @-year period .", "we investigated whether aza also was effective for prevention of recurrent bowel obstruction .", "rates of recurrent bowel occlusion were compared between patients treated with aza and those treated with mesalazine .", "we assessed the time interval-off intestinal obstruction as well as the occlusion-free survival for both groups .", "there was a significantly lower cumulative rate of patients with recurrent subocclusion in the aza group ( @ % ) compared with the mesalazine group ( @ % ; or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ; p = @ ) , with the number needed to treat in order to prevent @ subocclusion episode of @ favoring aza .", "the occlusion-free time interval was longer in the aza group compared with the mesalazine group ( @ vs. @ months ; p = @ ) .", "the occlusion-free survival at @ , @ , and @ months was significantly higher in the aza group ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ) than in the mesalazine group ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ; p < @ for all comparisons ) .", "in an exploratory analysis of patients with subocclusive ileocecal cd , maintenance therapy with aza is more effective than mesalazine for eliminating or postponing recurrent intestinal obstruction during @ years of therapy ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this comparative study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of oral misoprostol compared with intravenous ergometrine and intravenous oxytocin in reducing vaginal bleeding following surgical evacuation for first trimester abortions .", "this was a single-blind placebo-controlled study in which patients with first trimester uncomplicated abortions were divided into three groups using computer-generated randomization table .", "the first group was administered oral misoprostol , the second group had intravenous ergometrine , and the third group was administered intravenous oxytocin .", "the uterotonic agents were administered before the surgical evacuation was carried out .", "there was statistically significant reduction in blood loss after the evacuation in the misoprostol group ( p < @ ) .", "there was also significant reduction in the number of days of bleeding in the misoprostol group ( @ @ ) compared with @ @ and @ @ days in the ergometrine and oxytocin groups , respectively ( p < @ ) .", "there were , however , more gastrointestinal side effects in the misoprostol and ergometrine groups ( @ % and @ % , respectively ) compared with the oxytocin group .", "oral misoprostol appeared to demonstrate superior efficacy in reducing uterine bleeding after surgical evacuation , compared to the other commonly used uterotonic agents ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "data on preoperative chemotherapy in resectable oral cavity cancer are conflicting .", "we present the long-term results of a randomized trial of induction chemotherapy in resectable oral cavity cancer .", "a randomized , parallel , multicentre trial evaluated the impact of three cycles of cisplatin @ mg/m@ and fluorouracil @ mg/m@ ( @-h infusion administered every @ days ) in stage t@-t@ , n@-n@ , previously untreated patients with advanced disease .", "control group received upfront surgery .", "postoperative radiation was offered to both arms when pathologic risk features were identified .", "the co-primary end points were the occurrence of locoregional or distant tumour relapse , and death .", "among the @ enrolled patients , with a median follow-up of @ years , there was no difference in the incidence of locoregional relapse between chemotherapy and control group ( p = @ ) , nor in distant metastasis development ( p = @ ) .", "there was also no difference between groups in overall survival ( p = @ ) .", "patients with a pathological complete response ( pcr ) had higher probability of survival than those without ( @-year os : @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) .", "late toxicities in patients with a minimum follow-up of @ months ( @ in each group ) were similar between arms , except from fibrosis ( cumulative incidence @ % versus @ % in chemotherapy arm ) and grade @ dysphagia ( @ % versus @ % ) .", "long-term follow-up of this randomized trial confirmed the absence of survival benefit with preoperative chemotherapy in oral cavity cancer .", "late toxicity was similar in the two arms except for fibrosis and dysphagia , which were less in the chemotherapy arm .", "the survival benefit for patients achieving a pcr was maintained ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate recombinant human luteinizing hormone ( r-hlh ) versus urine-derived human chorionic gonadotropin ( u-hcg ) to trigger ovulation in women ( aged @-@ years ) with who group ii anovulatory infertility undergoing ovulation induction ( oi ) with recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone ( r-hfsh ) ( @ iu/day starting dose ) .", "for this phase ii , open-label , dose-finding pilot study , patients were randomized to doses of @ , @,@ , @,@ , @,@ , or @,@ iu r-hlh or u-hcg ( @,@ iu ) .", "primary endpoints were ovulation and ratio of ruptured follicles/follicle > or = @ mm ( day of r-hlh / u-hcg administration ) .", "secondary endpoints included monofollicular ovulation and clinical pregnancy rates .", "all @ randomized patients completed treatment .", "all patients in the r-hlh @,@ ( @/@ ) , @,@ ( @ / @ ) , @,@ iu ( @/@ ) , and u-hcg @,@ iu ( @ / @ ) groups ovulated ; @/@ patients in the r-hlh @ iu and @/@ in the r-hlh @,@ iu group failed to ovulate ( p = @ between evaluable groups ) .", "the mean ratio of ruptured follicles / follicle > or = @ mm was @ ( p = @ between groups ) .", "the monofollicular ovulation rate was @/@ ( @ % ) .", "two cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were reported .", "this open-label , pilot study ( conducted in @-@ ) suggests that the minimal effective dose of r-hlh to trigger ovulation in women with who group ii anovulatory infertility undergoing oi with r-hfsh ( @ iu starting dose ) was @,@ iu ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare intraocular pressure ( iop ) and wound architecture immediately after cataract surgery using a scleral tunnel incision or clear corneal incision .", "prospective randomized clinical trial .", "bilateral eyes of @ patients undergoing phacoemulsification were randomized to @ groups : @ mm scleral tunnel incision or @ mm clear corneal incision .", "iop was adjusted upon completion of surgery to between @ and @ mm hg .", "the wound was hydrated in @ % of eyes in the clear corneal incision group .", "iop was measured using a rebound tonometer preoperatively ; at the conclusion of surgery ; and at @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ minutes postoperatively .", "the seidel test and anterior segment optical coherence tomography ( as oct ) were performed at @ minutes postoperatively .", "in the scleral tunnel incision group , mean iop decreased to the preoperative level within @ minutes postoperatively and did not change significantly for up to @ minutes .", "in the clear corneal incision group , iop decreased to lower than the preoperative iop at @ minutes postoperatively .", "mean iop was significantly higher in the scleral tunnel incision group than in the clear corneal incision group throughout the postoperative period ( p. @ ) .", "hypotony ( < @ mm hg ) was observed in @ eyes ( @ % ) that underwent clear corneal incision and in no eyes that underwent scleral tunnel incision ( p = @ ) .", "wound leakage and loss of wound coaptation were not observed in any eyes .", "iop was significantly higher immediately after scleral tunnel incision without hydration than after clear corneal incision with hydration , and both incisions closed within @ minutes postoperatively without leakage based on as oct. ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to understand clinician adoption of cds tools as this may provide important insights for the implementation and dissemination of future cds tools .", "clinicians ( n = @ ) at a large academic center were randomized into intervention and control arms to assess the impact of strep and pneumonia cds tools .", "intervention arm data were analyzed to examine provider adoption and clinical workflow .", "electronic health record data were collected on trigger location , the use of each component and whether an antibiotic , other medication or test was ordered .", "frequencies were tabulated and regression analyses were used to determine the association of tool component use and physician orders .", "the cds tool was triggered @ times over the study period .", "diagnosis was the most frequent workflow trigger of the cds tool ( @ % ) as compared to chief complaint ( @ % ) and diagnosis/antibiotic combinations ( @ % ) .", "conversely , chief complaint was associated with the highest rate ( @ % ) of triggers leading to an initiation of the cds tool ( opening the risk prediction calculator ) .", "similar patterns were noted for initiation of the cds bundled ordered set and completion of the entire cds tool pathway .", "completion of risk prediction and bundled order set components were associated with lower rates of antibiotic prescribing ( or @ ; ci @-@ @ and or @ ; ci @-@ @ , respectively ) .", "different cds trigger points in the clinician user workflow lead to substantial variation in downstream use of the cds tool components .", "these variations were important as they were associated with significant differences in antibiotic ordering .", "these results highlight the importance of workflow integration and flexibility for cds success ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patterns of inhaled @-agonist therapy use during severe asthma exacerbations before hospital attendance are poorly understood .", "to assess @-agonist use prior to hospital attendance .", "we undertook an exploratory post hoc analysis of data from a @-month clinical trial of @ patients randomised to combination budesonide/formoterol inhaler according to a single combination inhaler as maintenance and reliever therapy regimen ( ` smart ' ) or fixed-dose budesonide/formoterol with salbutamol as reliever ( ` standard ' ) .", "patterns of @-agonist use for @ days before hospital attendance with a severe asthma exacerbation were determined by electronic monitoring of inhaler use .", "there were @ hospital attendances in @ patients during the study .", "seven and nine hospital attendances were eligible for analysis in the smart and standard groups , respectively .", "in both regimens , @-agonist use increased before hospital attendance , with a median ( range ) maximum daily number of actuations of @ ( @ to @ ) budesonide/formoterol in smart and @ ( @ to @ ) salbutamol in standard with @ ( @ to @ ) budesonide/formoterol actuations on the day of maximal salbutamol use .", "there was delay in obtaining medical review despite high @-agonist use , in @/@ patients .", "different patterns of use were observed , including repeated days of no inhaled corticosteroid despite marked salbutamol use , which occurred in @/@ patients in the standard group .", "delay in obtaining medical review in association with high @-agonist use is common in patients before hospital presentation with severe exacerbations of asthma .", "the smart regimen reduced nonadherence with inhaled corticosteroid therapy during severe exacerbations ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "hypotension is a common problem during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery .", "intravenous fluid loading is used to correct preoperative dehydration and reduce the incidence and severity of hypotension .", "different fluid regimens have been studied but colloid preload and crystalloid co-load have not been compared .", "in this randomized double-blind study , @ patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either @ % hydroxyethyl starch @/@ @ @ ml before spinal anesthesia ( colloid preload ) or ringer 's acetate solution @ ml administered rapidly starting with intrathecal injection ( crystalloid co-load ) .", "maternal hypotension ( systolic blood pressure < @ % of baseline or < @ mmhg ) and severe hypotension ( systolic blood pressure < @ mmhg ) were treated with @ and @mg ephedrine boluses , respectively .", "the primary outcome was the incidence of hypotension .", "secondary outcomes included the incidence of severe hypotension , total ephedrine dose , nausea and vomiting and neonatal outcome assessed by apgar scores and umbilical artery blood gas analysis .", "data analysis was performed on @ patients ; @ in the colloid preload group and @ in the crystalloid co-load group .", "there were no significant differences in the incidence of hypotension ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) or severe hypotension ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) between colloid preload and crystalloid co-load groups , respectively .", "the median -lsb- range -rsb- ephedrine dose was @ -lsb- @-@ -rsb- mg in the colloid preload group and @ -lsb- @-@ -rsb- mg in the crystalloid co-load group ( p = @ ) .", "there were no significant differences in maternal nausea or vomiting or neonatal outcomes between groups .", "the use of @ ml crystalloid co-load has similar effect to @ ml colloid preload in reducing the incidence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery .", "neither technique can totally prevent hypotension and should be combined with vasopressor use ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "insight in the natural course of care dependency of vulnerable older persons in long-term care facilities ( ltcf ) is essential to organize and optimize individual tailored care .", "we examined changes in care dependency in ltcf residents over two @-month periods , explored the possible predictive factors of change and the effect of care dependency on mortality .", "a prospective follow-up study in @ dutch long-term care facilities .", "@ ltcf residents , median age @ ( interquartile range @-@ ) years participated .", "at baseline , @ and @ months , care dependency was assessed by the nursing staff with the care dependency scale ( cds ) , range @-@ points .", "since the median cds score differed between men and women ( @ vs. @ , p = @ ) , cds groups ( low , middle and high ) were based on gender-specific @ % of cds scores at baseline and @ months .", "at baseline , the cds groups differed in median length of stay on the ward , urine incontinence and dementia ( all p < @ ) ; participants in the low cds group stayed longer , had more frequent urine incontinence and more dementia .", "they had also the highest mortality rate ( log rank @ ; df = @ ; p for trend < @ ) .", "per point lower in cds score , the mortality risk increased with @ % ( @ % ci @ % -@ % ) .", "adjustment for age , gender , cranberry use , ltcf , length of stay , comorbidity and dementia showed similar results .", "a one point decrease in cds score between @ and @ months was related to an increased mortality risk of @ % ( @ % ci @ % -@ % ) .", "at the @-month follow-up , @ % improved to a higher cds group , @ % were in the same , and @ % had deteriorated to a lower cds group ; a similar pattern emerged at @-month follow-up .", "gender , age , urine incontinence , dementia , cancer and baseline care dependency status , predicted an increase in care dependency over time .", "the majority of residents were stable in their care dependency status over two subsequent @-month periods .", "highly care dependent residents showed an increased mortality risk .", "awareness of the natural course of care dependency is essential to residents and their formal and informal caregivers when considering therapeutic and end-of-life care options ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of axial length on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( sd-oct ) thickness measurements in patients with subretinal visual implants .", "data from eight emmetropic pseudophakic eyes of eight patients with subretinal visual implants were analyzed retrospectively .", "these patients participated in the monocentric part of a multicenter trial .", "the axial length was measured in three short ( < @ mm ) , three medium ( @-@ @ mm ) , and two long ( > @ mm ) eyes .", "using heidelberg spectralis , the known thickness of a subretinal implant microchip ( @ m ) was measured on @ images per eye with sd-oct , using the software calipers .", "the mean axial length was @ @ mm in short eyes , @ @ mm in medium eyes , and @ @ mm in long eyes .", "we found in short eyes , in medium eyes , and in long eyes a mean value of microchip thickness measurements from sd-oct of @ @ m , @ @ m , and @ @ m , respectively .", "the thickness measurements decreased in sd-oct measurements with longer axial lengths significantly ( p < @ ) .", "axial length influences sd-oct thickness measurements .", "our findings demonstrate accuracy of the scaling in sd-oct thickness measurements in emmetropic medium eyes .", "caution is recommended when comparing the measured values of short and long eyes with the normative database of the instrument .", "there is a need for larger sample-size studies to confirm our results .", "( clinicaltrials.gov number , nct@ . )" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "renal transplantation is the best treatment for kidney failure , in terms of length and quality of life and cost-effectiveness .", "however , most transplants fail after @ to @ years , consigning patients back onto dialysis .", "damage by the immune system accounts for approximately @ % of failing transplants and it is possible to identify patients at risk by screening for the presence of antibodies against human leukocyte antigens .", "however , it is not clear how best to treat patients with antibodies .", "this trial will test a combined screening and treatment protocol in renal transplant recipients .", "recipients > @ year post-transplantation , aged @ to @ with an estimated glomerular filtration rate > @ ml/min will be randomly allocated to blinded or unblinded screening arms , before being screened for the presence of antibodies .", "in the unblinded arm , test results will be revealed .", "those with antibodies will have biomarker-led care , consisting of a change in their anti-rejection drugs to prednisone , tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil .", "in the blinded arm , screening results will be double blinded and all recruits will remain on current therapy ( standard care ) .", "in both arms , those without antibodies will be retested every @ months for @ years .", "the primary outcome is the @-year kidney failure rate for the antibody-positive recruits , as measured by initiation of long-term dialysis or re-transplantation , predicted to be approximately @ % in the standard care group but < @ % in biomarker-led care .", "the secondary outcomes include the rate of transplant dysfunction , incidence of infection , cancer and diabetes mellitus , an analysis of adherence with medication and a health economic analysis of the combined screening and treatment protocol .", "blood samples will be collected and stored every @ months and will form the basis of separately funded studies to identify new biomarkers associated with the outcomes .", "we have evidence that the biomarker-led care regime will be effective at preventing graft dysfunction and expect this to feed through to graft survival .", "this trial will confirm the benefit of routine screening and lead to a greater understanding of how to keep kidney transplants working longer .", "current controlled trials isrctn@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "venipuncture is one of the most painful events for children in hospitals .", "valsalva maneuver ( vm ) decreases the incidence and severity of pain on venipuncture pain in adults .", "this study was designed to evaluate vm as compared with eutectic mixture of local anesthetic ( emla ( ) ) cream for venipuncture pain in children .", "in this study , we evaluated the effect of vm on venipuncture pain in children .", "@ patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomly divided into three groups .", "in group v , children were punctured during vm .", "in group e , emla ( ) @ % cream and in group c ( control group ) vaseline was applied on the non-dominant hand @ min before the venipuncture .", "patients made a pain assessment using visual analog score ( vas ) .", "mean arterial pressure ( map ) , heart rate ( hr ) , and spo@ measurements were obtained during the venous cannulation .", "respectively , the vas was @ @ for group v and @ @ for group e and @ @ for group c.", "a significant reduction in the severity of pain was observed in group e.", "the difference being statistically significant ( p < @ ) , the vas of group v was higher than group e but lower than group c ( p > @ ) .", "on the basis of data from this study , the vm is a simple and a practical method to reduce venipuncture pain in children but not as effectively as emla ( ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "is a combination of standing , electrical stimulation and splinting more effective than standing alone for the management of ankle contractures after severe brain injury ?", "a multi-centre randomised trial with concealed allocation , assessor blinding and intention-to-treat analysis .", "thirty-six adults with severe traumatic brain injury and ankle plantarflexion contractures .", "all participants underwent a @-week program .", "the experimental group received tilt table standing , electrical stimulation and ankle splinting .", "the control group received tilt table standing alone .", "the primary outcome was passive ankle dorsiflexion with a @nm torque .", "secondary outcomes included : passive dorsiflexion with lower torques ( @ , @ , @ and @nm ) ; spasticity ; the walking item of the functional independence measure ; walking speed ; global perceived effect of treatment ; and perceived treatment credibility .", "outcome measures were taken at baseline ( week @ ) , end of intervention ( week @ ) , and follow-up ( week @ ) .", "the mean between-group differences ( @ % ci ) for passive ankle dorsiflexion at week @ and week @ were -@ degrees ( -@ to @ ) and -@ degrees ( -@ to @ ) , respectively , in favour of the control group .", "there was a small mean reduction of @ point in spasticity at week @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) in favour of the experimental group , but this effect disappeared at week @ .", "there were no differences for other secondary outcome measures except the physiotherapists ' perceived treatment credibility .", "tilt table standing with electrical stimulation and splinting is not better than tilt table standing alone for the management of ankle contractures after severe brain injury .", "actrn@ .", "-lsb- leung j , harvey la , moseley am , whiteside b , simpson m , stroud k ( @ ) standing with electrical stimulation and splinting is no better than standing alone for management of ankle plantarflexion contractures in people with traumatic brain injury : a randomised trial.journal of physiotherapy@ : @-@ -rsb- ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to determine the cost implications of the coronary artery bypass graft off or on pump revascularization study ( coronary ) at @ year .", "country-specific healthcare costs were obtained from public databases or local experts from each country in the coronary trial .", "purchasing power parities were applied to these costs of consumed healthcare resources .", "analyses of subgroups included in the coronary clinical trial were also conducted .", "costs are reported in us dollars .", "after @ year , the total cost per patient in the off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery ( cabg ) arm was $ @,@ ( $ @,@ to $ @,@ ) compared with $ @,@ ( $ @,@ to $ @,@ ) for the on-pump cabg arm ; that resulted in a nonsignificant increase of $ @ ( - $ @ to $ @ ) .", "similar findings were noted for various subgroups .", "there were also no differences due to late conversions .", "the coronary trial demonstrated that off-pump cabg was clinically as safe and effective as on-pump cabg with no difference in costs .", "thus , the decision as to which method to choose is free from costs considerations and should be based on patient preference and surgeon expertise ( coronary artery bypass graft -lsb- cabg -rsb- off or on pump revascularization study -lsb- coronary -rsb- ; clinicaltrials.gov nct@ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "statin intolerance has been a major limitation in the use of statins , especially at higher doses .", "new effective treatments are needed for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) in patients who can not tolerate daily statin doses .", "odyssey alternative ( nct@ ) evaluates efficacy and safety of alirocumab , a fully human proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type @ monoclonal antibody , in patients with well-documented statin intolerance and moderate to very high cardiovascular risk .", "this is a phase @ , multicenter , randomized , double-blind , double-dummy study in statin-intolerant patients .", "intolerance was defined as inability to take at least @ different statins because of muscle-related adverse events ( aes ) , @ at the lowest approved starting dose .", "patients first received single-blind subcutaneous and oral placebo for @ weeks , and were withdrawn if they developed muscle-related aes after the placebo treatment .", "continuing patients were randomized ( @:@:@ ratio ) to alirocumab @ mg self-administered via single @ ml prefilled pen every @ weeks or ezetimibe @ mg/day or atorvastatin @ mg/day ( statin rechallenge ) , for @ weeks .", "alirocumab dose was increased to @ mg every @ weeks ( also @ ml ) at week @ depending on week @ ldl-c level .", "the primary endpoint is percent change in ldl-c from baseline to week @ by intent-to-treat analysis .", "muscle-related aes were assessed by spontaneous patient reports and clinic queries .", "a total of @ patients have been randomized .", "this is the first and only study of a new class of ldl-c-lowering agents in patients selected with a rigorously documented intolerance to statins , using a placebo run-in and statin control arm ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the optimal strategy for the reconstruction of the pancreas following pancreaticoduodenectomy ( pd ) is still debated .", "the aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of isolated roux loop pancreaticojejunostomy ( irpj ) with those of pancreaticogastrostomy ( pg ) after pd .", "consecutive patients submitted to pd were randomized to either method of reconstruction .", "the primary outcome measure was the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula ( popf ) .", "secondary outcomes included operative time , day to resumption of oral feeding , postoperative morbidity and mortality , and exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions .", "ninety patients treated by pd were included in the study .", "the median total operative time was significantly longer in the irpj group ( @min versus @min ; p = @ ) .", "postoperative pancreatic fistula developed in nine of @ patients in the irpj group and @ of @ patients in the pg group ( p = @ ) .", "seven irpj patients and four pg patients had popf of type b or c ( p = @ ) .", "time to resumption of oral feeding was shorter in the irpj group ( p = @ ) .", "steatorrhea at @ year was reported in nine of @ irpj patients and @ of @ pg patients ( p = @ ) .", "albumin levels at @ year were @ g/dl in the irpj group and @ g/dl in the pg group ( p = @ ) .", "isolated roux loop pj was not associated with a lower rate of popf , but was associated with a decrease in the incidence of postoperative steatorrhea .", "the technique allowed for early oral feeding and the maintenance of oral feeding even if popf developed ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the increasing number of patients with implantable cardiac devices raises the need for more efficient outpatient follow-up care .", "due to technological progress in communication and transmission systems and in the implantable devices themselves , telemonitoring can be widely used as an important part of care for patients and devices .", "our objective was to evaluate the benefits of continuous remote monitoring using the biotronik home monitoring ( hm ) system compared to standard outpatient follow-ups .", "@ patients with single - or dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( icd ) implanted for primary or secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death were randomized into a group of patients followed through standard outpatient visits ( hm - ) and a group telemonitored by the hm system ( hm + ) .", "planned and emergency visits , icd-related hospitalizations , and delivered shocks and their appropriateness were evaluated in the respective groups .", "a significant reduction was achieved in the number of planned ( by @ % , p < @ ) and total visits ( by @ % , p < @ ) during a three-year evaluation .", "a comparable number of patients experienced one or more shocks .", "mortality rates were equivalent , as was the number of patients hospitalized in relation to their icd .", "however , there was a significant reduction in the number and proportion of inappropriate shocks delivered in the hm + patient group : by @ % ( p = @ ) in outpatient follow-up care and by @ % ( p < @ ) when multiple shocks requiring hospitalization were included .", "the hm system was an effective and safe method of follow-up in patients with an implanted icd .", "remote monitoring reduces the number of outpatient visits and inappropriate shocks ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "recent publications have shown an infection rate of @-@ % for acetabular fractures treated with the kocher-langenbeck ( k-l ) approach .", "using metallic staples to close hip skin incisions has been considered the gold standard .", "the purpose of this study was to answer the following : ( @ ) will closure of a k-l incision after acetabular fracture surgery with a running subcuticular monocryl suture , then sealing the wound with @-octyl cyanoacrylate ( oca ) , result in a lower infection rate compared to metallic staple closure ?", "( @ ) do incisions closed with subcuticular monocryl and oca exhibit decreased drainage ?", "( @ ) is there a cost difference between these two methods ?", "in a prospective clinical study , @ patients with acetabular fractures treated using the k-l approach were randomized into two groups : skin closure with metallic staples ( n = @ ) versus subcuticular running monocryl suture sealed with oca ( n = @ ) .", "two postoperative deep infections ( @ % ) in the staples group required multiple debridements ; no infections developed in the oca group .", "however , there was no statistical difference between the groups , ( p = @ ) .", "there was a statistically significant difference ( p = @ ) comparing days from surgery to a dry incision favoring oca ( @ versus @ days ) .", "the patient charge was approximately $ @ greater on average in the oca group due to the increased time in the operating room required for the subcuticular closure .", "closure with oca and subcuticular monocryl showed no clinical disadvantages and appears to have a clinical advantage when compared to standard metallic staple skin closure in acetabular fracture surgery .", "however , additional patient costs may be incurred .", "ii ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "METHODS" ]

[ "the aim of this work was to investigate cardiorespiratory fitness in breast cancer patients at different time points of anti-cancer treatment .", "non-metastatic breast cancer patients ( n = @ , mean age @ years ) were categorized into four subgroups according to their treatment status .", "cardiopulmonary exercise testing ( cpet ) was used to measure patients ' cardiorespiratory fitness , including oxygen delivery and metabolic muscle function .", "testing was performed by bicycle ergometry , and maximal oxygen uptake ( vo@peak ) was measured .", "heart rate during exercise at @ watts ( hr@ ) was assessed as a cardiocirculatory parameter and ventilatory threshold ( vt ) was used as an indicator of the o@ supply to muscle .", "analysis of covariance was used to estimate the impact of different cancer treatments on cardiorespiratory fitness with adjustment for clinical factors .", "submaximal measures were successfully assessed in @ ( @ % ) and @ ( @ % ) patients for hr@ and vt , while criteria for maximal exercise testing were met by @ patients ( @ % ) , respectively .", "the mean vo@peak was @ @ ml/kg/min , mean vt @ @ ml/min/kg and mean hr@ @ @ beats/min .", "chemotherapy was significantly associated with decreased vo@peak , with significantly lower adjusted mean vo@peak among patients post adjuvant chemotherapy compared to patients with no chemotherapy or those who just started chemotherapy regime ( all p < @ ) .", "patients post adjuvant chemotherapy reached only @ % of the vo@peak level expected for their age - and bmi-category ( mean vo@peak @ @ ml/kg/min ) .", "similarly , hr@ was significantly associated with treatment .", "however , vt was not associated with treatment .", "breast cancer patients have marked and significantly impaired cardiopulmonary function during and after chemotherapy .", "hereby , chemotherapy appears to impair cardiorespiratory fitness by influencing the oxygen delivery system rather than impacting metabolic muscle function .", "our findings underline the need of exercise training in breast cancer patients to counteract the loss of cardiorespiratory fitness during the anti-cancer treatment ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the treatment of massive pulmonary embolisms with an associated cardiac arrest is controversial ; however , surgical thrombectomy with extracorporeal circulation ( ecc ) is an option for treatment .", "it is difficult to remove all thromboembolic material .", "theoretically , retrograde blood perfusion through the lungs may be beneficial .", "to investigate whether retrograde blood perfusion through the lungs during a thrombectomy is beneficial .", "twelve pigs were prepared for ecc .", "repetitive injections of preformed blood thrombi into the right atrium resulted in cardiac arrests .", "ecc was established after @ minutes of cardiac arrest , and after a sternotomy , the main pulmonary artery was incised and as much thrombotic material as possible was removed from the pulmonary arteries .", "the pigs were randomised to ecc for one hour either with or without retrograde perfusion in the pulmonary circulation .", "after one hour , the released material was removed from the pulmonary arteries , and the incision was sutured .", "the pigs were weaned from the ecc .", "after sacrificing the pigs , they were autopsied with special attention to the amount of remaining thrombi .", "additional histological analyses were performed with special attention to microembolisms , atelectases , and signs of tissue damage .", "all of the pigs were weaned from the ecc .", "the amount of the embolic material removed varied considerably , as did the amount removed after the retrograde or antegrade perfusion , and there was no significant difference between the two treatment modalities .", "there were no signs of tissue damage in the lungs .", "retrograde lung perfusion was not generally beneficial in the treatment of massive pulmonary embolism in this setup ; however , it may be an option if only a modest amount of material is accessible in the pulmonary artery ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "infantile hemangiomas have a dramatic response to propranolol , a nonselective beta-blocker .", "however , this treatment is not risk-free and many patients are excluded because of respiratory comorbidities .", "atenolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker that may have fewer adverse events .", "we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of atenolol against propranolol in a noninferiority trial .", "in all , @ patients met the inclusion criteria and were randomized to receive either atenolol or propranolol .", "thirteen patients were treated with atenolol and @ with propranolol .", "follow-up was made at baseline , @ weeks , @ weeks , and then monthly for @ months .", "patients treated with atenolol had a complete response of @ % and @ % with propranolol , respectively .", "these results were nonsignificant ( p = @ ) .", "relevant adverse events were not reported .", "the reduced number of patients could have influenced our results .", "atenolol appears to be as effective as propranolol .", "we did not find significant differences between these results or any adverse events ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "erectile dysfunction is prevalent in men over @ years , affecting their quality of life and that of their partners .", "the aims of this study were : a ) to evaluate the internal reliability of the male erectile dysfunction specific quality of life ( med-qol ) scale and explore its factor structure.b ) to evaluate the effect of simvastatin on subscales of the med-qol in men over forty years with erectile dysfunction .", "this is a double blind randomised controlled trial of @ mg simvastatin or placebo given once daily for six months to men over forty years with untreated erectile dysfunction , who were not at high cardiovascular risk and were not on anti-hypertensive or lipid-lowering medication .", "@ eligible men were recruited from @ general practices in east of england .", "data were collected at two points over @ weeks.we report on the factor structure of med-qol , the internal reliability of the scale and the derived subscales , and the effect of simvastatin on med-qol subscales .", "an initial analysis of the med-qol items suggested that a number of items should be removed ( med-qol-r ) .", "exploratory factor analysis identified three subscales within the med-qol-r which accounted for @ % of the variance , related to feelings of control , initiating intimacy , and emotional response to erectile dysfunction .", "the alpha value for the revised scale ( med-qol-r ) was > @ and exceeded @ for each subscale .", "regression analysis showed that patients in the placebo group experienced a significantly reduced feeling of control over erectile dysfunction than those in the statin group .", "those in the placebo group had significantly lower emotional response than those in the statin group at the close of trial , but there was no significant treatment effect on intimacy .", "our revised med-qol-r identified three subscales .", "secondary analysis showed a significant improvement in sexual health related quality of life , specifically in relation to perception of control and emotional health in men with untreated erectile dysfunction given @ mg simvastatin for six months .", "current controlled trials isrctn@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "a high dose of continuous intravenous infusion of proton pump inhibitor ( ppi ) is the standard treatment for peptic ulcer bleeding .", "the optimal dose for the prevention of bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection ( esd ) is unclear .", "the purpose of this study was to determine whether stronger acid suppression more effectively prevents bleeding and high risk ulcer stigma ( hrs ) after gastric esd .", "a total of @ patients who underwent esd were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups : the continuous infusion group and the bolus injection group .", "second-look endoscopy was performed on the following day after esd .", "the incidences and risk factors of hrs identified by second-look endoscopy and delayed bleeding were analyzed .", "there were no differences in the incidences of hrs and delayed bleeding between two treatment groups .", "the incidence of hrs was @ % ( @/@ ) and the gross morphology ( flat or depressed ) was identified as a significant factor associated with hrs .", "the incidence of delayed bleeding was @ % ( @/@ ) and the gross morphology ( flat ) and the presence of submucosal invasive cancer were identified as the associated risk factors for delayed bleeding .", "the incidences of delayed bleeding and hrs identified by second-look endoscopy were not affected by ppi infusion methods .", "flat or depressed morphologic lesions and submucosal invasive cancer should be closely monitored ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "ultrasound ( us ) - guided needling with subacromial corticosteroid injection is more effective than extracorporeal shock wave therapy ( eswt ) for function restoration and pain relief in patients with calcific tendinitis of the shoulder .", "fifty-four patients diagnosed with unilateral painful calcific tendinitis were randomly allocated to a us needling or eswt group .", "the us needling group underwent us-guided needling and received a subacromial corticosteroid injection .", "the eswt group received eswt @ times a week .", "all patients were prospectively evaluated ; american shoulder and elbow surgeons , simple shoulder test , and visual analog scale for pain scores were recorded before the procedure and at @ weeks , @ weeks , @ months , @ months , and the last follow-up .", "the size and morphology of the deposits were evaluated by radiography .", "the average follow-up period was @ months .", "at last follow-up , the mean size of the deposits was significantly different between the @ groups ( p = @ ) ; it decreased to @ mm from @ mm in the us needling group and to @ mm from @ mm in the eswt group .", "there were also significant improvements in clinical outcomes in both groups after treatment ( p < @ ) .", "at @-year follow-up , the us needling group had significantly better scores than the eswt group with regard to the american shoulder and elbow surgeons assessment ( @ and @ , respectively ; p = @ ) , simple shoulder test ( @ and @ , respectively ; p = @ ) , and visual analog scale for pain ( @ and @ , respectively ; p = @ ) .", "the initial calcium deposit sizes and clinical outcomes were weakly correlated in both groups ( p > @ ) .", "both treatment modalities for calcific tendinitis improved clinical outcomes and eliminated calcium deposits .", "us-guided needling treatment , however , was more effective in function restoration and pain relief in the short term ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "meta-analyses suggest that an intravenous bolus or a high dose continuous infusion of somatostatin reduces the incidence of acute pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) .", "clinical guidelines , however , do not recommend this prophylaxis .", "the aim of this randomized , double-blind clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of somatostatin on the incidence of post-ercp pancreatitis .", "patients undergoing ercp at a single center were randomized to either intravenous bolus of somatostatin followed by a short ( @-hour ) continuous infusion , or to a similar placebo regimen .", "the primary outcome was post-ercp pancreatitis , defined as abdominal pain with an amylase level at least three times higher than the upper limit of normality @ hours after the ercp and requiring admission for at least @ days .", "a total of @ patients were enrolled ( @ patients per group ) and all completed follow-up .", "the main indications for ercp were choledocholithiasis ( @ % ) , and biliary malignant stricture ( @ % ) .", "post-ercp pancreatitis occurred in @ patients ( @ % ) in the somatostatin group and @ patients ( @ % ) in the placebo group ( relative risk -lsb- rr -rsb- @ , @ % confidence interval -lsb- @ % ci -rsb- @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "the number of cases of moderate or severe acute pancreatitis was similar in the somatostatin ( @ % ) and the placebo ( @ % ) groups ( rr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p = @ ) .", "no side effects were observed related to the use of somatostatin .", "administration of an intravenous bolus of somatostatin followed by a short continuous infusion does not reduce the incidence of post-ercp pancreatitis .", "clinical trials.gov number : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "prospective data to examine the association of homocysteine with age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) are limited .", "we examined the prospective relation of plasma homocysteine level and amd in a large cohort of apparently healthy women .", "we evaluated the relationship between baseline levels of plasma homocysteine and incident amd among @,@ female health professionals aged @ years or older .", "main outcome measures were total amd , defined as self-report documented by medical record evidence of an initial diagnosis after randomization , and visually significant amd , defined as confirmed incident amd with visual acuity @/@ or worse attributable to this condition .", "during an average @ years of follow-up , a total of @ cases of amd , including @ cases of visually significant amd , were documented .", "women in the highest versus lowest quartile of plasma homocysteine had modestly , but statistically non-significant , increased risks of total amd ( hazard ratio , hr , @ , @ % confidence interval , ci , @-@ @ ; p for trend @ ) and visually significant amd ( hr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ; p for trend @ ) in age - and treatment-adjusted analyses .", "these prospective data from a large cohort of apparently healthy women do not support a strong role for homocysteine in amd occurrence ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the number of therapeutic drugs available for the treatment of alcohol use disorders ( auds ) is limited , and a well-tolerated , self-administrable drug is much needed .", "subgroups of alcohol-dependent individuals , for example , individuals with heredity for aud , may respond differently to pharmacological treatments , particularly to drugs affecting the serotonergic system in the brain .", "clinical observations and case reports indicate that mirtazapine , a widely used and well-tolerated antidepressant drug , which increases both noradrenaline and serotonin release but simultaneously blocks serotonergic ( @-hydroxytryptamine ) @ receptors , reduces alcohol consumption .", "moreover , drugs affecting serotonergic ( @-hydroxytryptamine ) @ receptors have been shown to work differently in individuals with heredity for aud .", "this double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , @-armed clinical trial aimed to establish whether mirtazapine lowers alcohol consumption in male high consumers .", "the study population was also subgrouped in accordance with heredity for aud .", "after @ lead-in weeks of single-blind placebo , @ males were randomly assigned to receive @ weeks of treatment with @-mg mirtazapine daily ( n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) .", "the main outcome was self-reported alcohol consumption ( drinks per day ) measured by an alcohol diary .", "the alcohol consumption was calculated as weekly mean during the study period compared with baseline .", "the data were analyzed in accordance with intention to treat and per protocol .", "the results suggest that high consumers of alcohol with a heredity for aud benefit from treatment with mirtazapine .", "the results of this study did not support an advantage of mirtazapine over placebo on alcohol consumption in the intention-to-treat analysis .", "however , mirtazapine could be an alternative to available treatments for alcohol dependence in patients with heredity for aud ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study assessed the efficacy of methylphenidate versus placebo for cancer-related fatigue reduction .", "other objectives were to analyze cytokine levels and to determine the effects of methylphenidate on other symptoms , cognitive function , work yield , and patients ' perceptions and preferences .", "patients were randomly assigned ( @:@ ) to receive methylphenidate-placebo or placebo-methylphenidate for @ weeks .", "patients crossed over after @ weeks .", "wilcoxon signed rank tests and mcnemar tests were used to assess continuous and categorical variables .", "the primary efficacy endpoint was change in the level of worst fatigue on the brief fatigue inventory ( bfi ) at the end of each @-week period .", "the mean baseline bfi score was moderate ( @ ) .", "methylphenidate treatment did not affect patients ' worst level of fatigue or other symptoms .", "results from the wechsler adult intelligence scale digit symbol test and the hopkins verbal learning test with bfi interference questions and bfi activity questions showed significant improvement in the methylphenidate-treated patients ' verbal learning , memory , visual perception , analysis , and scanning speed .", "patients treated with methylphenidate missed significantly fewer work hours owing to health reasons and worked significantly more hours .", "after @ weeks , @ % of patients reported that methylphenidate improved their cancer-related fatigue , and @ % wanted to continue treatment .", "significant difference in interleukin @r ( positive ) , interleukin @ ( negative ) , and tumor necrosis factor ( positive ) was noted between the methylphenidate and the placebo group .", "low-dose methylphenidate did not improve cancer-related fatigue .", "patients taking methylphenidate had better cognition and were able to work more hours .", "patients tolerated methylphenidate well , and the majority felt better and wanted to continue treatment ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a randomized study in @-@ of mechanical bowel preparation ( mbp ) preceding colonic resection found no decrease in postoperative complications .", "the aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effect of mbp regarding cancer recurrence and survival after colonic resections .", "the cohort of patients with colonic cancer in the mbp study was followed up for @ years .", "data were collected from registers run by the national board of health and welfare .", "register data were validated against information in patient charts .", "cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariable analysis of factors predictive of cancer-specific survival .", "register analysis showed significantly fewer recurrences , and better cancer-specific and overall survival in the mbp group .", "after validation , @ of @ patients remained for analysis ( @ mbp , @ no mbp ) .", "eighty ( @ per cent ) of @ patients in the mbp group and @ ( @ per cent ) of @ in the no-mbp group developed a cancer recurrence ( p = @ ) .", "the @-year cancer-specific survival rate was @ per cent in the mbp group and @ per cent in the no-mbp group ( p = @ ) .", "overall survival rates were @ and @ per cent respectively ( p = @ ) .", "patients receiving mbp before elective colonic cancer surgery had significantly better cancer-specific survival after @ years ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "arm hemiparesis secondary to stroke is common and disabling .", "we aimed to assess whether robotic training of an affected arm with armin -- an exoskeleton robot that allows task-specific training in three dimensions-reduces motor impairment more effectively than does conventional therapy .", "in a prospective , multicentre , parallel-group randomised trial , we enrolled patients who had had motor impairment for more than @ months and moderate-to-severe arm paresis after a cerebrovascular accident who met our eligibility criteria from four centres in switzerland .", "eligible patients were randomly assigned ( @:@ ) to receive robotic or conventional therapy using a centre-stratified randomisation procedure .", "for both groups , therapy was given for at least @ min three times a week for @ weeks ( total @ sessions ) .", "the primary outcome was change in score on the arm ( upper extremity ) section of the fugl-meyer assessment ( fma-ue ) .", "assessors tested patients immediately before therapy , after @ weeks of therapy , at the end of therapy , and @ weeks and @ weeks after start of therapy .", "assessors were masked to treatment allocation , but patients , therapists , and data analysts were unmasked .", "analyses were by modified intention to treat .", "this study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .", "between may @ , @ , and sept @ , @ , @ individuals were tested for eligibility , of whom @ were eligible and agreed to participate .", "@ patients assigned to robotic therapy and @ assigned to conventional therapy were included in analyses .", "patients assigned to robotic therapy had significantly greater improvements in motor function in the affected arm over the course of the study as measured by fma-ue than did those assigned to conventional therapy ( f = @ , p = @ ; mean difference in score @ points , @ % ci @-@ @ ) .", "no serious adverse events related to the study occurred .", "neurorehabilitation therapy including task-oriented training with an exoskeleton robot can enhance improvement of motor function in a chronically impaired paretic arm after stroke more effectively than conventional therapy .", "however , the absolute difference between effects of robotic and conventional therapy in our study was small and of weak significance , which leaves the clinical relevance in question .", "swiss national science foundation and bangerter-rhyner stiftung ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "severely injured patients experiencing hemorrhagic shock often require massive transfusion .", "earlier transfusion with higher blood product ratios ( plasma , platelets , and red blood cells ) , defined as damage control resuscitation , has been associated with improved outcomes ; however , there have been no large multicenter clinical trials .", "to determine the effectiveness and safety of transfusing patients with severe trauma and major bleeding using plasma , platelets , and red blood cells in a @:@:@ ratio compared with a @:@:@ ratio .", "pragmatic , phase @ , multisite , randomized clinical trial of @ severely injured patients who arrived at @ of @ level i trauma centers in north america directly from the scene and were predicted to require massive transfusion between august @ and december @ .", "blood product ratios of @:@:@ ( @ patients ) vs @:@:@ ( @ patients ) during active resuscitation in addition to all local standard-of-care interventions ( uncontrolled ) .", "primary outcomes were @-hour and @-day all-cause mortality .", "prespecified ancillary outcomes included time to hemostasis , blood product volumes transfused , complications , incidence of surgical procedures , and functional status .", "no significant differences were detected in mortality at @ hours ( @ % in @:@:@ group vs @ % in @:@:@ group ; difference , -@ % -lsb- @ % ci , -@ % to @ % -rsb- ; p = @ ) or at @ days ( @ % vs @ % , respectively ; difference , -@ % -lsb- @ % ci , -@ % to @ % -rsb- ; p = @ ) .", "exsanguination , which was the predominant cause of death within the first @ hours , was significantly decreased in the @:@:@ group ( @ % vs @ % in @:@:@ group ; difference , -@ % -lsb- @ % ci , -@ % to -@ % -rsb- ; p = @ ) .", "more patients in the @:@:@ group achieved hemostasis than in the @:@:@ group ( @ % vs @ % , respectively ; p = @ ) .", "despite the @:@:@ group receiving more plasma ( median of @ u vs @ u , p < @ ) and platelets ( @ u vs @ u , p < @ ) and similar amounts of red blood cells ( @ u ) over the first @ hours , no differences between the @ groups were found for the @ prespecified complications , including acute respiratory distress syndrome , multiple organ failure , venous thromboembolism , sepsis , and transfusion-related complications .", "among patients with severe trauma and major bleeding , early administration of plasma , platelets , and red blood cells in a @:@:@ ratio compared with a @:@:@ ratio did not result in significant differences in mortality at @ hours or at @ days .", "however , more patients in the @:@:@ group achieved hemostasis and fewer experienced death due to exsanguination by @ hours .", "even though there was an increased use of plasma and platelets transfused in the @:@:@ group , no other safety differences were identified between the @ groups .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to evaluate factors that characterize employees who did not participate in a physical activity intervention in an occupational setting and assess how selective participation affects inferences from the data .", "employees were asked to complete a health risk appraisal .", "the respondents were invited to participate in a physical activity intervention .", "we compared predictors of sickness absence ( register data ) among all respondents and those who participated in the intervention , using bayesian regression analysis .", "of @ employees , @ ( @ % ) responded , of whom @ ( @ % ) participated in the intervention .", "participants had better health behaviors and fewer health problems than those who did not participate .", "the predictors of sickness absence in all respondents differed from those who participated in the intervention .", "selective participation may reduce the potential benefit of interventions and limit generalizability of findings ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the clinical outcome of @-mm and @-mm long implants in partially edentulous posterior areas .", "twenty-four patients , with a partially edentulous area in the jaws with a height and width allowing the positioning of @ to @ adjacent @ @ mm implants without any augmentation procedure , were randomly allocated according to a parallel group design to receive @-mm long or @-mm long implants .", "a total of @ implants were placed ( @ @ mm and @ @ mm implants ) .", "patients were restored @ weeks after surgery and were followed for @ years .", "outcome measures were prosthesis and implant survival , as well as marginal bone level changes and complications .", "after @ years , @ patients were available .", "one @ mm implant failed during the healing period and its related prosthesis could not be placed .", "no implants were lost after loading .", "the @ mm group registered @ complications ( @ mucositis , @ prosthesis decementations and @ chipping ) , while only @ were registered in the @ mm group ( @ decementations and @ chipping ) .", "the difference in complications between the two groups was not statistically significant ( p = @ ) .", "marginal bone loss at @ years was @ and @ mm with the @ mm and @ mm groups , respectively ( not statistically significant ; difference between the two groups @ mm ; sd @ mm ; @ % ci -@ ; @ ; t test p = @ ) .", "implant and prosthetic survival and success rates were similar between prostheses supported by @-mm or @-mm long implants ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the effects of yiqibushenhuoxue decoction on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) by observing its influences on patients ' quality of life and airway inflammation .", "seventy patients with stable copd were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n = @ ) treated with yiqibushenhuoxue decoction plus seretide and a control group ( n = @ ) treated with seretide only .", "the dosage of yiqibushenhuoxue decoction was @ ml each time , twice a day , and the dosage of seretide was salmeterol @ microg/fluticasone @ microg twice a day .", "both groups were treated for @ weeks .", "before and after the treatment , st george 's respiratory disease questionnaire ( sgrq ) scores , forced expiratory volume , and forced expiratory volume in @ second/forced vital capacity ( fev@ / fvc ) were measured .", "the sgrq scores in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment ( p < @ ) .", "after treatment , the total sgrq scores and each subscore in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( p < @ ) .", "the percentage of the predicted fev@ % and fev@/fvc were higher in both groups , but no statistical differences were detected from before to after the treatment or between the two groups ( p > @ ) .", "yiqibushenhuoxue decoction could significantly decrease the sgrq scores in patients with stable copd , which suggests that it is able to improve patient symptoms ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to explore the effect of clinical pathway of health education in patients with kidney transplantation .", "a total of @ patients with kidney transplantation were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group ( n = @ in each group ) .", "the patients in the control group received traditional health education , and the patients in the experimental group experienced the clinical pathway of health education .", "the effect of health education was assessed and compared .", "there was significant difference in the effect of health education between the two groups ( p < @ ) .", "clinical pathway of health education in patients after kidney transplantation can significantly improve the effect of health education ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "gait impairment is common in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) and may result in greater energy expenditure , poorer walking economy , and fatigue during activities of daily living .", "auditory cueing is an effective technique to improve gait ; but the effects on energy expenditure are unknown .", "to determine whether energy expenditure differs in individuals with pd compared with healthy controls and if auditory cueing improves walking economy in pd .", "twenty participants ( @ pd and @ controls ) came to the laboratory for three sessions .", "participants performed two , @-minute bouts of treadmill walking at two speeds ( @ msec-@ and @ msec-@ ) .", "one session used cueing and the other without cueing .", "a metabolic cart measured energy expenditure and walking economy was calculated ( energy expenditure/power ) .", "pd had worse walking economy and higher energy expenditure than control participants during cued and non-cued walking at the @ msec-@ speed and during non-cued walking at the @ msec-@ .", "with auditory cueing , energy expenditure and walking economy worsened in both participant groups .", "people with pd use more energy and have worse walking economy than adults without pd .", "walking economy declines further with auditory cuing in persons with pd ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "androgen deprivation therapy ( adt ) is the foundation of treatment for men with metastatic prostate cancer and is now frequently incorporated into multimodality strategies for the curative treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer .", "nevertheless , the catabolic effects of adt result in meaningful adverse effects on physiological and quality of life outcomes , which may , in turn , increase the risk of functional decline , frailty , cardiovascular disease , and metabolic syndrome .", "recent evidence demonstrates that lifestyle intervention promoting change in exercise and dietary behaviors is a promising approach , and may offset , or even reverse , the adverse effects accompanying adt .", "unfortunately , the limited existing studies of the effects of exercise and dietary interventions targeting patients with prostate cancer on adt are characterized by high attrition rates and poor postintervention maintenance of treatment effects .", "consequently , the individualized diet and exercise adherence pilot trial ( idea-p ) is designed to contrast the effects of a lifestyle intervention designed to promote independent self-management of exercise and dietary behavior with those of standard care disease management approach in the treatment of prostate cancer .", "a total of @ patients with prostate cancer undergoing adt will be randomly assigned to lifestyle intervention or standard care .", "outcomes of interest in idea-p include changes in self-reported and objectively assessed physical function and physical activity , dietary behavior , body composition , muscular strength , and quality of life .", "outcomes will be obtained at baseline , @-month , and @-month assessments by trial personnel blinded to participants ' randomization assignment .", "findings from this study will establish the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an innovative lifestyle intervention designed to promote progressively independent self-regulated exercise and dietary behavior change in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer undergoing adt .", "clinicaltrials.gov nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "metformin is the recommended first-line pharmacotherapy for patients with type @ diabetes .", "there is no consensus on the optimum second-line pharmacotherapy .", "we compared the efficacy and safety of the sodium glucose cotransporter @ inhibitor empagliflozin and the sulfonylurea glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type @ diabetes .", "in this double-blind phase @ trial , patients ( aged @ years ) with type @ diabetes and hba@c concentrations of @-@ % , despite metformin treatment and diet and exercise counselling , were randomly assigned in a @:@ ratio with a computer-generated random sequence , stratified by hba@c , estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) , and region , to empagliflozin ( @ mg once daily , orally ) or glimepiride ( @-@ mg once daily , orally ) as add-on to metformin for @ weeks .", "patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment .", "the primary endpoint was change from baseline in hba@c levels at weeks @ and @ .", "differences in the primary endpoint were first tested for non-inferiority ( based on a margin of @ % ) .", "if non-inferiority was shown , differences in the primary endpoint at week @ were then tested for superiority .", "analysis was done on the full-analysis set-ie , patients who were treated with at least one dose of study drug and had a baseline hba@c value .", "this study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .", "a @-week extension is ongoing .", "between august , @ , and june , @ , @ patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin ( n = @ ) or glimepiride ( n = @ ) ; four patients in the empagliflozin group did not receive the assigned treatment .", "empagliflozin was non-inferior to glimepiride at both timepoints .", "at week @ , adjusted mean difference in change from baseline in hba@c with empagliflozin versus glimepiride was -@ % ( @ % ci -@ to -@ ; p = @ for superiority ) .", "adverse events were reported in @ ( @ % ) patients treated with empagliflozin and @ ( @ % ) patients treated with glimepiride .", "severe adverse events were reported in @ ( @ % ) patients in the empagliflozin group and @ ( @ % ) in the glimepiride group .", "serious adverse events were reported in @ ( @ % ) patients in the empagliflozin group and @ ( @ % ) in the glimepiride group .", "confirmed hypoglycaemic adverse events ( plasma glucose @ mmol/l or requiring assistance ) at week @ were reported in @ ( @ % ) patients treated with empagliflozin and @ ( @ % ) patients treated with glimepiride .", "empagliflozin might be an effective and a well tolerated second-line treatment option for patients with type @ diabetes who have not achieved good glycaemic control on metformin .", "boehringer ingelheim and eli lilly ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "postprandial elevation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins impairs endothelial function , which can initiate atherosclerosis .", "we investigated the effects of bezafibrate on postprandial endothelial dysfunction and lipid profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome .", "ten patients with metabolic syndrome were treated with @ mg/day bezafibrate or untreated for @ weeks in a randomized crossover study .", "brachial artery flow-mediated dilation ( fmd ) and lipid profiles were assessed during fasting and after consumption of a standardized snack .", "serum triglyceride and cholesterol contents of lipoprotein fractions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography .", "postprandial fmd decreased significantly and reached its lowest value @ h after the cookie test in both the bezafibrate and control groups , but the relative change in fmd from baseline to minimum in the bezafibrate group was significantly smaller than that in the control group ( -@ vs. -@ % , p = @ ) .", "bezafibrate significantly suppressed postprandial elevation of triglyceride ( incremental area under the curve ( auc ) : @ vs. @ mg h/dl , p = @ ) and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol ( incremental auc : @ vs. @ mg h/dl , p < @ ) .", "high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that postprandial triglyceride content of the chylomicron and very low-density lipoprotein fractions was significantly lower in the bezafibrate group than in the control group ( p < @ ) .", "bezafibrate significantly decreased postprandial endothelial dysfunction , and elevations of both exogenous and endogenous triglycerides in patients with metabolic syndrome , suggesting that bezafibrate may have vascular protective effects in these patients .", "unique identifiers : umin@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to compare the therapeutic efficacy of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide and prostaglandin e@ in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension after mitral valve replacement .", "sixty patients with postoperative pulmonary hypertension were divided randomly into @ groups that received saline , prostaglandin e@ , and natriuretic peptide infusions for @ hours each .", "the hemodynamics data were monitored consecutively , and the levels of thromboxane a@ and cyclic guanosine monophosphate were detected pretreatment , after treatment , and @ week after surgery .", "the arterial pressure , pulmonary arterial pressure , and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased @hour after prostaglandin e@ treatment and rebounded after treatment discontinuation .", "the pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in the natriuretic peptide group decreased @ hours after treatment ; pulmonary arterial pressure decreased less than that of the prostaglandin group , and there was no evidence of hemodynamic rebound after treatment discontinuation .", "the natriuretic peptide had no significant effects on arterial pressure .", "in both the prostaglandin and natriuretic peptide groups , cyclic guanosine monophosphate increased after the treatment , which was even higher in the latter group .", "prostaglandin e@ could lead to the decrease of thromboxane a@ , which was not seen in the natriuretic peptide group .", "both brain natriuretic peptide and prostaglandin e@ can effectively reduce pulmonary hypertension ; however , natriuretic peptide has a slower and milder efficacy .", "the effects of these @ drugs in reducing thepulmonary arterial pressure may be mediated through different pathways ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "anemia is a common complication among chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis , occurring mostly due to erythropoietin deficiency .", "this randomized noninferiority trial sought to compare the efficacy and safety of a new epoetin formulation developed by bio-manguinhos , a biologics manufacturer affiliated with the brazilian government , with those of a commercially available product currently used in brazil ( a biosimilar epoetin formulation ) .", "the sample size needed to enable demonstration of noninferiority with a statistical power of @ % for a between-group difference in hemoglobin levels of no more than @ g/dl was calculated .", "in total , @ patients were randomly assigned to receive the epoetin formulation from bio-manguinhos ( n = @ ) or the biosimilar epoetin formulation ( n = @ ) in a double-blind fashion .", "the inclusion criteria were current epoetin therapy and stable hemoglobin levels for at least @ months prior to the study .", "the primary and secondary outcomes were mean monthly hemoglobin levels and safety , respectively .", "the dose was calculated according to international criteria and adjusted monthly in both groups according to hemoglobin levels and at the assistant physicians ' discretion .", "iron storage was estimated at baseline and once monthly .", "clinicaltrials.gov : nct@ .", "the study was conducted for @ months after randomization .", "the mean baseline hemoglobin levels were @ and @ g/dl ( p = @ ) in the bio-manguinhos epoetin and biosimilar epoetin groups , respectively .", "during the study period , there was no significant change in hemoglobin levels in either group ( p = @ , anova ) .", "the epoetin from bio-manguinhos was slightly superior in the last @ months of follow-up .", "the adverse event profiles of the two formulations were also similar .", "the epoetin formulations tested in this study are equivalent in efficacy and safety ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study aims to compare the effectiveness of desloratadine monotherapy and desloratadine plus montelukast combination therapy on quality of life in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis .", "this study consists of @ patients ( @ females , @ males , mean age @ years ; range @ to @ years ) referred to ear , nose , and throat outpatient clinic between may @ and september @ .", "a six-week randomized , double-blind , cross-sectional study was performed in two arms : in group @ , @ patients received desloratadine ( @ mg/d ) alone ; in group @ , @ patients received desloratadine ( @ mg ) plus montelukast ( @ mg ) combination therapy .", "quality of life was assessed on the day before starting treatment and on the last day of each treatment period using the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire and nighttime symptom scores .", "in group @ , the mean quality of life scores before and after treatment were @ and @ , respectively .", "in group @ , the mean quality of life scores before and after treatment were @ and @ , respectively .", "desloratadine plus montelukast combination therapy may have a positive impact on quality of life , sleep symptoms in particular ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "our hypothesis was that deep anaesthesia , as estimated by a low target bispectral index ( bis ) of @-@ , would result in less postoperative pain than that achieved at a conventional depth of anaesthesia .", "we undertook a randomized double-blind controlled study at two tertiary teaching hospitals in new zealand ( @-@ ) recruiting @ adult patients asa i-ii presenting for non-emergent surgery under general anaesthesia requiring tracheal intubation .", "anaesthesia was maintained with desflurane and a multimodal analgesia regimen comprising fentanyl infusion , i.v. paracetamol , and parecoxib .", "patients were randomly assigned to either a low bis ( @-@ ) group or a high bis ( @-@ ) group .", "desflurane concentrations were titrated to achieve these targets .", "postoperative pain was assessed by : the pain on awakening ( @-@ , verbal rating scale , vrs ( awake ) ) in the post-anaesthetic care unit ; pain on activity at @-@ h after operation ( vrs ( d@a ) ) ; and the rate of morphine patient-controlled analgesia ( pca ) usage over the first @ h.", "there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for any of the pain scores .", "the median -lsb- inter-quartile range ( iqr ) -rsb- vrs ( awake ) was @ ( @-@ ) for the low and @ ( @-@ ) for the high bis groups ( p = @ ) .", "the median ( iqr ) vrs ( d@a ) was @ ( @-@ ) for the low and @ ( @-@ @ ) for the high bis groups ( p = @ ) .", "the median pca morphine consumption in the low bis group was @ mg h ( -@ ) ( @-@ @ ) vs @ mg h ( -@ ) ( @-@ @ ) in the high bis group ( p = @ ) .", "we conclude that there is no clinically useful analgesic effect of a deep anaesthesia regimen ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "poor adherence to treatment diminishes its individual and public health benefit .", "financial incentives , provided on the condition of treatment attendance , could address this problem .", "injecting drug users are a high-risk group for hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection and transmission , but adherence to vaccination programmes is poor .", "we aimed to assess whether contingency management delivered in routine clinical practice increased the completion of hbv vaccination in individuals receiving opioid substitution therapy .", "in our cluster randomised controlled trial , we enrolled participants at @ national health service drug treatment services in the uk that provided opioid substitution therapy and nurse-led hbv vaccination with a super-accelerated schedule ( vaccination days @ , @ , and @ ) .", "clusters were randomly allocated @:@:@ to provide vaccination without incentive ( treatment as usual ) , with fixed value contingency management ( three @ vouchers ) , or escalating value contingency management ( @ , @ , and @ vouchers ) .", "both contingency management schedules rewarded on-time attendance at appointments .", "the primary outcome was completion of clinically appropriate hbv vaccination within @ days .", "we also did sensitivity analyses that examined vaccination completion with full adherence to appointment times and within a @ month window .", "the trial is registered with current controlled trials , number isrctn@ .", "between march @ , @ , and april @ , @ , we enrolled @ eligible participants .", "compared with six ( @ % ) of @ participants treated as usual , @ ( @ % ) of @ participants in the fixed value contingency management group met the primary outcome measure ( odds ratio @ , @ % ci @-@ ; p < @ ) , as did @ ( @ % ) of @ participants in the escalating value contingency management group ( @ , @-@ ; p < @ ) .", "these differences remained significant with sensitivity analyses .", "modest financial incentives delivered in routine clinical practice significantly improve adherence to , and completion of , hbv vaccination programmes in patients receiving opioid substitution therapy .", "achievement of this improvement in routine clinical practice should now prompt actual implementation .", "drug treatment providers should employ contingency management to promote adherence to vaccination programmes .", "the effectiveness of routine use of contingency management to achieve long-term behaviour change remains unknown .", "national institute for health research ( rp-pg-@-@ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to evaluate the effectiveness of a telephonic medication therapy management ( mtm ) service on reducing hospitalizations among home health patients .", "forty randomly selected , geographically diverse home health care centers in the united states .", "two-stage , randomized , controlled trial with @-day follow-up .", "all medicare - insured home health care patients were eligible to participate .", "twenty-eight consecutive patients within each care center were recruited and randomized to usual care or mtm intervention .", "the mtm intervention consisted of the following : ( @ ) initial phone call by a pharmacy technician to verify active medications ; ( @ ) pharmacist-provided medication regimen review by telephone ; and ( @ ) follow-up pharmacist phone calls at day seven and as needed for @ days .", "the primary outcome was @-day all-cause hospitalization .", "data were collected from in-home nursing assessments using the oasis-c .", "multivariate logistic regression modeled the effect of the mtm intervention on the probability of hospitalization while adjusting for patients ' baseline risk of hospitalization , number of medications taken daily , and other oasis-c data elements .", "a total of @ patients ( intervention n = @ , control n = @ ) were block-randomized to the intervention or usual care .", "there was no significant difference in the @-day probability of hospitalization between the mtm intervention and control groups ( adjusted or : @ , @ percent ci : @-@ @ , p = @ ) .", "for patients within the lowest baseline risk quartile ( n = @ ) , the intervention group was three times more likely to remain out of the hospital at @ days ( adjusted or : @ , @ percent ci : @-@ @ , p = @ ) compared to the usual care group .", "this mtm intervention may not be effective for all home health patients ; however , for those patients with the lowest-risk profile , the mtm intervention prevented patients from being hospitalized at @ days ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "regular paracetamol is the recommended first-line analgesic for acute low-back pain ; however , no high-quality evidence supports this recommendation .", "we aimed to assess the efficacy of paracetamol taken regularly or as-needed to improve time to recovery from pain , compared with placebo , in patients with low-back pain .", "we did a multicentre , double-dummy , randomised , placebo controlled trial across @ primary care centres in sydney , australia , from nov @ , @ , to march @ , @ .", "we randomly allocated patients with acute low-back pain in a @:@:@ ratio to receive up to @ weeks of regular doses of paracetamol ( three times per day ; equivalent to @ mg paracetamol per day ) , as-needed doses of paracetamol ( taken when needed for pain relief ; maximum @ mg paracetamol per day ) , or placebo .", "randomisation was done according to a centralised randomisation schedule prepared by a researcher who was not involved in patient recruitment or data collection .", "patients and staff at all sites were masked to treatment allocation .", "all participants received best-evidence advice and were followed up for @ months .", "the primary outcome was time until recovery from low-back pain , with recovery defined as a pain score of @ or @ ( on a @-@ pain scale ) sustained for @ consecutive days .", "all data were analysed by intention to treat .", "this study is registered with the australian and new zealand clinical trial registry , number actn @ .", "@ participants were assigned to the regular group ( @ analysed ) , @ were assigned to the as-needed group ( @ analysed ) , and @ were assigned to the placebo group ( @ analysed ) .", "median time to recovery was @ days ( @ % ci @-@ ) in the regular group , @ days ( @-@ ) in the as-needed group , and @ days ( @-@ ) in the placebo group ( regular vs placebo hazard ratio @ , @ % ci @-@ ; as-needed vs placebo @ , @-@ ; regular vs as-needed @ , @-@ ) .", "we recorded no difference between treatment groups for time to recovery ( adjusted p = @ ) .", "adherence to regular tablets ( median tablets consumed per participant per day of maximum @ ; @ -lsb- iqr @-@ -rsb- in the regular group , @ -lsb- @-@ -rsb- in the as-needed group , and @ -lsb- @-@ -rsb- in the placebo group ) , and number of participants reporting adverse events ( @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- in the regular group , @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- in the as-needed group , and @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- in the placebo group ) were similar between groups .", "our findings suggest that regular or as-needed dosing with paracetamol does not affect recovery time compared with placebo in low-back pain , and question the universal endorsement of paracetamol in this patient group .", "national health and medical research council of australia and glaxosmithkline australia ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the aim of the present study was to investigate whether addition of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( tens ) treatment improves the results of standard urotherapy in children with overactive bladder ( oab ) symptoms .", "sixty-two children with symptoms of oab and incontinence were included .", "the children were randomized either to standard urotherapy treatment alone or a combination of standard urotherapy and tens .", "the effect variables were taken from a voiding-drinking diary : number of voiding , number of incontinence episodes , and maximum voided volume .", "both treatment groups had good treatment results , with no significant difference between the groups .", "in the standard treatment group @/@ ( @ % ) were completely dry and @/@ ( @ % ) had a decrease in incontinence episodes , compared to @/@ ( @ % ) and @/@ ( @ % ) , respectively , in the standard + tens group ( p = @ ) .", "the number of voiding decreased in two-thirds of the patients in both groups .", "however , maximal voided volume only increased in the standard treatment group .", "subjectively @ % and @ % considered themselves significantly improved or free of symptoms .", "previous treatment was registered in @/@ ( @ % ) .", "all efficacy variables decreased in those with previous treatment , but with no difference between the standard and standard + tens treatment groups .", "the only difference noted was when comparing the children without previous treatment in the groups : a significantly higher proportion were completely dry in the tens group ( @/@ -lsb- @ % -rsb- versus @/@ -lsb- @ % -rsb- , p = @ ) .", "our results showed no significant difference overall in treatment response to oab symptoms between urotherapy only and urotherapy + tens , whereas a tendency to difference was found in children without previous treatment .", "thus with good urotherapy support , tens only seems to have marginal additional effects on oab symptoms ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "pancreatic cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death with an increasing trend in china .", "dietary intake is believed to play an important role in pancreatic cancer carcinogenesis .", "the aim of this paper was to evaluate associations between some dietary factors and risk of pancreatic cancer in a multi-centre case-control study conducted in china .", "cases ( n = @ ) were ascertained from four provincial cancer hospitals .", "controls ( n = @ ) were randomly selected from the family members of patients without pancreatic cancer in the same hospitals , @:@ matched to cases by gender , age and study center .", "data were collected with a questionnaire by personal interview .", "odds ratios ( or ) and @ % confidence intervals ( @ % ci ) were estimated using conditional logistic regression .", "tea intake ( or = @ ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ) was associated with a half reduction in risk of pancreatic cancer .", "reduced vegetable consumption ( p trend : @ ) was significant related to pancreatic cancer .", "although no significant association was found for meat and fruit , ors were all above or below the reference group .", "a protective effect was found for fruit ( or = @ for consumption of @-@ times/week vs more than @ times/week ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ) .", "a high intake of meat was associated to a higher risk of pancreatic cancer ( or = @ for consumption of @-@ times / week vs. more than @ times / week ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ) .", "the present study supports fruit consumption to reduce pancreatic cancer risk and indicates that high consumption of meat is related to an elevated risk .", "direct inverse relations with tea and vegetable intake were also confirmed ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "rapid treatment of acute coronary syndromes ( acs ) is important ; causes of delay in emergency medical services care of acs are poorly understood .", "we performed an analysis of data from immediate ( immediate myocardial metabolic enhancement during initial assessment and treatment in emergency care ) , a randomized controlled trial of emergency medical services treatment of people with symptoms suggesting acs , using hierarchical multiple regression of elapsed time .", "out-of-hospital ecgs were performed on @,@ adults calling @-@-@ ; @ had presumed acs , @ of whom had st-segment elevation myocardial infarction and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention .", "women , participants with diabetes mellitus , and participants without previous cardiovascular disease waited longer to call @-@-@ ( by @ minutes , p < @ ; @ minutes , p = @ ; and @ minutes , p = @ , respectively ) , compared with their counterparts .", "time from emergency medical services arrival to ecg was longer for women ( @ minutes ; p < @ ) , older individuals ( @ minutes ; p < @ ) , and those without a primary complaint of chest pain ( @ minutes ; p < @ ) .", "on-scene times were longer for women ( @ minutes ; p < @ ) and older individuals ( @ minutes ; p < @ ) .", "older individuals and participants presenting on weekends and nights had longer door-to-balloon times ( by @ , @ , and @ minutes , respectively ; p < @ ) .", "women and older individuals had longer total times ( medical contact to balloon inflation : @ minutes , p = @ , and @ minutes , p < @ , respectively ; symptom onset to balloon inflation : @ minutes for women ; p = @ ) .", "we found delays throughout acs care , resulting in substantial differences in total times for women and older individuals .", "these delays may impact outcomes ; a comprehensive approach to reduce delay is needed ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of intranasal ( in ) dexmedetomidine , midazolam and ketamine in producing moderate sedation among uncooperative pediatric dental patients .", "this randomized triple blind comparative study comprises of eighty four asa grade i children of both sexes aged @-@ years , who were uncooperative and could not be managed by conventional behavior management techniques .", "all the children were randomized to receive one of the four drug groups dexmedetomidine @ microg / kg ( d@ ) , @ microg/kg ( d@ ) , midazolam @ mg/kg ( m@ ) and ketamine @ mg/kg ( k@ ) through in route .", "these drug groups were assessed for efficacy and safety by gauging overall success rate and by monitoring vital signs , respectively .", "the onset of sedation was significantly rapid with m@ and k@ as compared to d@ and d@ ( p = < @ ) .", "the overall success rate was highest in d@ ( @ % ) followed by d@ ( @ % ) , k@ ( @ % ) and m@ ( @ % ) , however , the difference among them was not statistically significant ( p = > @ ) .", "even though all the vital signs were within physiological limits , there was significant reduction in pulse rate ( pr ) ( p = < @ ) and systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) ( p = < @ ) among d@ and d@ as compared to m@ and k@ .", "d@ , d@ and k@ produced greater intra - and post-operative analgesia as compared to m@ .", "there were no significant adverse effects with any group .", "dexmedetomidine , midazolam and ketamine , all the three drugs evaluated in the present study can be used safely and effectively through in route in uncooperative pediatric dental patients for producing moderate sedation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "there are no medications approved for treating cannabis dependence or withdrawal .", "the cannabis extract nabiximols ( sativex ) , developed as a multiple sclerosis treatment , offers a potential agonist medication for cannabis withdrawal .", "to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nabiximols in treating cannabis withdrawal .", "a @-site , double-blind randomized clinical inpatient trial with a @-day follow-up was conducted in new south wales , australia .", "participants included @ dsm-iv-tr cannabis-dependent treatment seekers .", "a @-day regimen of nabiximols ( maximum daily dose , @ mg of @-tetrahydrocannabinol and @ mg of cannabidiol ) or placebo with standardized psychosocial interventions during a @-day admission .", "severity of cannabis withdrawal and cravings ( cannabis withdrawal scale ) , retention in withdrawal treatment , and adverse events .", "secondary outcomes include postwithdrawal cannabis use , health outcomes , and psychosocial outcomes .", "nabiximols treatment significantly reduced the overall severity of cannabis withdrawal relative to placebo ( f@ ,@ = @ ; p = @ ) , including effects on withdrawal-related irritability , depression , and cannabis cravings .", "nabiximols had a more limited , but still positive , therapeutic benefit on sleep disturbance , anxiety , appetite loss , physical symptoms , and restlessness .", "nabiximols patients remained in treatment longer during medication use ( unadjusted hazard ratio , @ -lsb- @ % ci , @-@ @ -rsb- ; p = @ ) , with @ the number needed to treat to achieve successful retention in treatment .", "participants could not reliably differentiate between nabiximols and placebo treatment ( @ = @ ; p = @ ) , and those receiving nabiximols did not report greater intoxication ( f@ ,@ = @ ; p = @ ) .", "the number ( f@ ,@ = @ ; p = @ ) and severity ( f@ ,@ = @ ; p = @ ) of adverse events did not differ significantly between groups .", "both groups showed reduced cannabis use at follow-up , with no advantage of nabiximols over placebo for self-reported cannabis use ( f@ ,@ = @ ; p = @ ) , cannabis-related problems ( f@ ,@ = @ ; p = @ ) , or cannabis dependence ( f@ ,@ < @ ; p = @ ) .", "in a treatment-seeking cohort , nabiximols attenuated cannabis withdrawal symptoms and improved patient retention in treatment .", "however , placebo was as effective as nabiximols in promoting long-term reductions in cannabis use following medication cessation .", "the data support further evaluation of nabiximols for management of cannabis dependence and withdrawal in treatment-seeking populations .", "anzctr.org.au identifier : actrn@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "according to the present evidences suggesting association between low testosterone level and prediction of reduced exercise capacity as well as poor clinical outcome in patients with heart failure , we sought to determine if testosterone therapy improves clinical and cardiovascular conditions as well as quality of life status in patients with stable chronic heart failure .", "a total of @ male patients who suffered from congestive heart failure were recruited in a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial and randomized to receive an intramuscular ( gluteal ) long-acting androgen injection ( @ml of testosterone enanthate @mg/ml ) once every four weeks for @ weeks or receive intramuscular injections of saline ( @ml of @ % wt/vol nacl ) with the same protocol .", "the changes in body weight , hemodynamic parameters , and left ventricular dimensional echocardiographic indices were all comparable between the two groups .", "regarding changes in diastolic functional state and using tei index , this parameter was significantly improved .", "unlike the group received placebo , those who received testosterone had a significant increasing trend in @-walk mean distance ( @mwd ) parameter within the study period ( p = @ ) .", "the discrepancy in the trends of changes in @mwd between study groups remained significant after adjusting baseline variables ( mean square = @ , f index = @ , and p = @ ) .", "our study strengthens insights into the beneficial role of testosterone in improvement of functional capacity and quality of life in heart failure patients ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cytopenias are the most common hiv-associated hematological abnormality .", "cytopenias have been associated with several factors including sex , race/ethnicity , geographical location and comorbidities such as tuberculosis , hepatitis b infection , fever and oral candidiasis .", "cytopenias become more prevalent as hiv progresses and are often fatal .", "data from resource-limited settings about the prevalence and correlates of cytopenia are limited .", "therefore we conducted this cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and correlates of cytopenia among adult aids patients at initiation of haart in uganda .", "@ hiv-infected subjects who were haart-nave or on haart for@months were enrolled into the multivitamins , haart and hiv/aids trial .", "anemia was defined according to who guidelines as any hemoglobin concentration < @g/dl for non-pregnant females and < @g/dl for males .", "leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were defined using study site laboratory reference ranges for lack of generally accepted definitions for these @ cell lines as leucopenia if white blood cell count < @ cells/litre and thrombocytopenia if platelets < @ cells/litre for females and < @ cells/litre for males .", "univariate and bivariate analyses were done to describe the patient population and log-binomial regression was used to quantify the correlates of cytopenia .", "sixty five percent of the @ subjects had at least one form of cytopenia .", "anemia occurred in @ % , leucopenia in @ % , thrombocytopenia in @ % , bicytopenia in @ % and only @ had a pancytopenia .", "cytopenia was more prevalent in females ( prevalence ratio -lsb- pr -rsb- :@ , @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- :@ -@ ) ; cd@ count category @ to < @ ( pr : @ , @ % ci : @ -@ ) and cd@ count category @ to < @ ( pr : @ , @ % ci : @ - @ ) compared to cd@ count category < @ ; normal bmi ( pr : @ , @ % ci :@ -@ ) and overweight bmi ( pr : @ , @ % ci :@ - @ ) compared to underweight bmi and those with a history or presence of oral candidiasis .", "cytopenias are a frequent complication in hiv-infected adults at initiation of haart in uganda .", "the presence of any cytopenia was associated with female sex , decreasing cd@ count and decreasing body mass index .", "prospective studies in resource-limited settings on the trend in hiv-related cytopenias are needed ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "although balance is generally recognized to be an important feature in ensuring good performance in soccer , its link with functional performance remains mostly unexplored , especially in young athletes .", "to investigate changes in balance induced by fatigue for unipedal and bipedal static stances in young soccer players .", "crossover study .", "biomechanics laboratory and outdoor soccer field .", "twenty-one male soccer players ( age = @ @ years , height = @ @ cm , mass = @ @ kg ) .", "static balance was assessed with postural-sway analysis in unipedal and bipedal upright stance before and after a fatigue protocol consisting of a repeated sprint ability ( rsa ) test ( @ @-m shuttle sprint interspersed with @ seconds of passive recovery , repeated @ times ) .", "on the basis of the center-of-pressure ( cop ) time series acquired during the experimental tests , we measured sway area , cop path length , and cop maximum displacement and velocity in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions .", "fatigue increased all sway values in bipedal stance and all values except cop velocity in the mediolateral direction in unipedal stance .", "fatigue index ( calculated on the basis of rsa performance ) was positively correlated with fatigue/rest sway ratio for cop path length and cop velocity in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions for nondominant single-legged stance .", "fatigued players exhibited reduced performance of the postural-control system .", "participants with better performance in the rsa test appeared less affected by balance impairment , especially in single-legged stance ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we performed a proof of concept trial to evaluate relative safety and efficacy of rhodiola rosea ( r. rosea ) versus sertraline for mild to moderate major depressive disorder .", "we hypothesize that r. rosea would have similar therapeutic effects as sertraline but with less adverse events .", "phase ii randomized placebo controlled clinical trial .", "@ subjects were randomized to @ weeks of standardized r. rosea extract , sertraline , or placebo .", "changes over time in hamilton depression rating ( ham-d ) , beck depression inventory ( bdi ) , and clinical global impression change ( cgi/c ) scores among groups were examined using mixed-effects models .", "modest , albeit statistically non-significant , reductions were observed for ham-d , bdi , and cgi/c scores for all treatment conditions with no significant difference between groups ( p = @ , p = @ , and p = @ , respectively ) .", "the decline in ham-d scores was greater for sertraline ( -@ , @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- , -@ to -@ ) versus r. rosea ( -@ , @ % ci : -@ to -@ ) and placebo ( -@ , @ % ci : -@ to -@ ) .", "while the odds of improving ( versus placebo ) were greater for sertraline ( @ -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- ; odds ratio -lsb- @ % ci -rsb- ) than r. rosea ( @ -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- ) , more subjects on sertraline reported adverse events ( @ % ) than r. rosea ( @ % ) or placebo ( @ % ) ( p = @ ) .", "although r. rosea produced less antidepressant effect versus sertraline , it also resulted in significantly fewer adverse events and was better tolerated .", "these findings suggest that r. rosea , although less effective than sertraline , may possess a more favorable risk to benefit ratio for individuals with mild to moderate depression ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "falls are common among older adults .", "it is reported that approximately @ % of residents of aged care facilities fall each year .", "this is a major cause of morbidity and mortality , and a significant burden for health care providers and the health system .", "among community dwelling older adults , exercise appears to be an effective countermeasure , but data are limited and inconsistent among studies in residents of aged care communities .", "this trial has been designed to evaluate whether the sunbeam program ( strength and balance exercise in aged care ) reduces falls in residents of aged care facilities .", "is the program more effective and cost-effective than usual care for the prevention of falls ?", "single-blinded , two group , cluster randomized trial .", "@ residents , living in @ aged care facilities .", "progressive resistance and balance training under the guidance of a physiotherapist for @ months , then facility-guided maintenance training for @ months .", "usual care .", "number of falls , number of fallers , quality of life , mobility , balance , fear of falling , cognitive well-being , resource use , and cost-effectiveness .", "measurements will be taken at baseline , @ months , and @ months .", "the number of falls will be analyzed using a poisson mixed model .", "a logistic mixed model will be used to analyze the number of residents who fall during the study period .", "intention-to-treat analysis will be used .", "this study addresses a significant shortcoming in aged care research , and has potential to impact upon a substantial health care problem .", "outcomes will be used to inform care providers , and guide health care policies ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy of early video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement in patients with the fibropurulent phase of parapneumonic empyema .", "@ patients with parapneumonic empyema resistant to @ weeks of antibiotic therapy , were randomly divided into @ groups .", "in group @ ( @ patients ) , antibiotic therapy and irrigation was continued , and in group @ ( @ patients ) , video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement was performed .", "the @ groups were compared in terms of therapeutic results .", "the male/female ratio was @/@ .", "group @ included @ men and @ women with a mean age of @ years , and mean hospital stay was @ days .", "group @ consisted of @ men and @ women with a mean age of @ years , and mean hospital stay was @ days .", "considering the therapeutic results , @ patients in group @ were cured by antibiotic therapy and irrigation , whereas @ required decortication and pleurectomy with thoracotomy .", "in group @ , @ patients were cured by video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement , and @ underwent thoracotomy and decortication due to intraoperative bleeding .", "a significant difference in therapeutic results was noted between the groups ( p = @ ) .", "video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement provides a high success rate and less invasive treatment for the early stages of empyema ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "dyspepsia is common among end-stage renal disease ( esrd ) patients and its association with delayed gastric emptying is not well established .", "we assessed the association of dyspepsia with gastric emptying time in esrd patients undergoing hemodialysis ( hd ) .", "dyspepsia was assessed through the porto alegre dyspeptic symptoms questionnaire ( padyq ) .", "padyq 's scores @ classified participants as dyspeptic .", "the octanoic acid breath test using carbon was employed to assess the gastric emptying time .", "based on the test , time in minutes to metabolize the first half of the carbon in the test meal ( t@/@ ) was calculated .", "association of dyspepsia with gastric emptying time was tested by the correlation between padyq scores and t@/@ , and also by comparing t@/@ between dyspeptics and non-dyspeptics .", "there were @ ( @ % ) dyspeptic patients .", "dyspepsia score was positively correlated with t@/@ ( r = @ ; p = @ ) .", "dyspeptics had longer t@/@ compared to non-dyspeptics , respectively , @ @ versus @ @ minutes ( p = @ ) .", "delayed gastric emptying was associated with dyspepsia .", "prokinetic medications could have a role in preventing or relieving dyspeptic symptoms among hd patients .", "future research in larger samples is necessary to confirm this association ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to observe the clinical efficacy of busuishengxue granules on non-severe aplastic anemia ( nsaa ) and investigate its effect on the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( mapk/erk ) pathway .", "sixty nsaa patients were divided equally into two groups .", "subjects in the experimental group were treated with busuishengxue granules , and the control group with zaizaoshengxue tablets .", "the treatment course was @ months and curative efficacy was compared between the two groups as well as with @ healthy individuals .", "flow cytometry ( fcm ) was used to detect the intracellular concentration of ca@ + ( -lsb- ca@ + -rsb- i ) .", "western blotting was employed to detect the expression of enzymes in the mapk/erk pathway .", "the efficacy of busuishengxue granules was significantly better than that of zaizaoshengxue tablets ( p < @ ) .", "before treatment , expression of jnk , phospho-erk @/@ and p-jnk was higher , and -lsb- ca@ + -rsb- i higher , than that of the control group ( p < @ ) .", "after treatment with busuishengxue granules , expression of all enzymes related to signal transduction pathways in the blood cells of nssa patients were altered to different degrees .", "busuishengxue granules had a better effect with regard to improving symptom scores , increasing the number of blood leukocytes , and increasing hemoglobin levels than zaizaosh-engxue tablets , and they differed slightly in terms of increasing the number of platelets ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "manual wheelchairs ( mwcs ) can improve mobility and social participation for individuals who experience difficulty walking ; however , older adults receive little training for wheelchair use .", "the wheelchair self-efficacy enhanced for use ( wheelseeu ) research program provides peer-led training that may positively influence wheelchair use while reducing clinician burden .", "the purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of wheelseeu .", "a randomized control trial ( rct ) recruits and randomly assigns @ mwc users ( @ + years ) .", "feasibility indicators assessing process , resource , management , and treatment issues are measured , and clinical outcomes ( wheelchair skills , safety , confidence , mobility , social participation , quality of life , health utility ) are collected at three time points .", "wheelseeu provides an innovative approach for teaching wheelchair skills to an aging population that may improve wheelchair use and decrease clinician burden .", "since rcts are expensive and challenging in rehabilitation , establishing feasibility prior to larger effectiveness trials is prudent ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "screening for barrett 's esophagus ( be ) and adenocarcinoma ( eac ) is controversial , but interest remains in finding the optimal method .", "attitudes on screening within the community are unknown .", "we aimed to assess these attitudes via a survey .", "a mixed-mode survey was conducted in adults > @ years to assess awareness regarding be , willingness to participate in screening , and preferences regarding method of screening .", "methods evaluated were sedated endoscopy ( segd ) , unsedated transnasal endoscopy ( utne ) and video capsule ( vce ) .", "a total of @ from @ ( @ % ) adults responded -lsb- @ % males , mean ( sd ) age @ ( @ ) years -rsb- , and @ % of responders knew of be at baseline .", "after reading the information on be , @ % were interested in screening .", "a history of undergoing screening tests and gi symptoms were predictive of interest .", "unsedated techniques were preferred by @ % ( vce : @ % and utne : @ % ) versus segd ( @ % ) .", "the majority of adults were willing to undergo screening for be/eac , with a preference for unsedated techniques ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "nitric oxide donors , such as isosorbide dinitrate ointment ( isdn ) , are considered as first-choice agents in the treatment of chronic anal fissure .", "injection with botulinum toxin a in the internal anal sphincter is often used as a second-line therapy , although it may give better results and fewer side effects than nitric oxide donors .", "the aim of this randomized clinical trial was to investigate whether botulinum toxin a ( dysport ) is more effective than isdn in the primary treatment of chronic anal fissure .", "from april @ until october @ , @ patients ( @ men ) with a median age of @ ( @-@ ) years were randomized to receive either isdn @ mg/ml ( @ % ) ( n = @ ) or injection with @ units of dysport ( n = @ ) .", "the primary end-point was the percentage of complete fissure healing after @ weeks .", "after a median of @ weeks complete fissure healing was noted in @ of @ patients in the dysport group and in @ of @ patients in the isdn group ( p = @ ) .", "absolute improvement of pain scores after @ weeks was similar in both groups ( p = @ ) .", "patients treated with dysport had fewer side effects than patients treated with isdn ( p = @ ) .", "of the patients with a healed fissure , @ % of the dysport group and @ % of the isdn group had a recurrence within @ year ( p = @ ; hazard ratio @ ; @ % ci = @-@ @ ) .", "dysport is more effective than isdn ointment and has fewer side effects in the primary treatment of chronic anal fissure .", "the recurrence rate within @ year in both treatment groups is high ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the authors prospectively assessed anxiety , depression , and behavior in children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( sr-all ) during the first year of therapy and identified associated risk factors .", "a cohort study was performed of @ children ( aged @ years-@ @ years ) with sr-all who were enrolled on children 's oncology group protocol aall@ at @ sites .", "parents completed the behavior assessment system for children , the general functioning scale of the family assessment device , and the coping health inventory for parents at approximately @ , @ , and @ months after diagnosis .", "overall , mean scores for anxiety , depression , aggression , and hyperactivity were similar to population norms .", "however , more children scored in the at-risk/clinical range for depression than the expected @ % at @ month ( @ % ; p = @ ) , @ months ( @ % ; p < @ ) , and @ months ( @ % ; p = @ ) .", "for anxiety , more children scored in the at-risk/clinical range at @ month ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) , but then reverted to expected levels .", "on adjusted analysis , unhealthy family functioning was found to be predictive of anxiety ( odds ratio -lsb- or -rsb- , @ ; p = @ ) and depression ( or , @ ; p = @ ) .", "hispanic ethnicity was associated with anxiety ( or , @ ; p = @ ) .", "worse physical functioning ( p = @ ) , unmarried parents ( p = @ ) , and less reliance on social support ( p = @ ) were found to be associated with depression .", "emotional distress at @ month predicted anxiety ( or , @ ; p = @ ) and depression ( or , @ ; p = @ ) at @ months .", "anxiety is a significant problem in a subpopulation of patients with sr-all immediately after diagnosis , whereas depression remains a significant problem for at least @ year .", "children of hispanic ethnicity or those with unhealthy family functioning may be particularly vulnerable .", "these data suggest that clinicians should screen for anxiety and depression throughout the first year of therapy ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in a multicenter , prospectively randomized study we evaluated the @-year outcomes of bacillus calmette-gurin alone compared to a combination of epirubicin and interferon-@b in the treatment of patients with t@ bladder cancer .", "transurethral resection was followed by a second resection and bladder mapping .", "stratification was for grade and carcinoma in situ .", "followup entailed regular cystoscopy and cytology during the first @ years .", "the end points assessed in this analysis were recurrence-free survival , time to treatment failure and progression , cancer specific survival and prognostic factors .", "the study recruited @ eligible patients .", "the @-year recurrence-free survival rate was @ % in the combination arm and @ % in the bacillus calmette-gurin arm ( p = @ ) .", "the corresponding rates for the other end points were not significantly different , as free of progression @ % and @ % , treatment failure @ % and @ % , and cancer specific survival @ % and @ % , respectively .", "the type of treatment , tumor size and tumor status at second resection were independent variables associated with recurrence .", "concomitant carcinoma in situ was not predictive of failure of bacillus calmette-gurin therapy .", "an independent factor for treatment failure was remaining t@ stage at second resection .", "bacillus calmette-gurin was more effective than the tested combination therapy .", "the currently recommended management with second resection and @-week maintenance bacillus calmette-gurin entails a low risk of cancer specific death .", "more aggressive treatment in patients with infiltrative tumors at second resection might improve these results .", "in particular , concomitant carcinoma in situ was not a predictive factor for poor outcome after bacillus calmette-gurin therapy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the le fort i osteotomy ( l-i ) requires extensive dissection and manipulation of tissue , causing hemodynamic instability and an undesirable postoperative stress response .", "this study aimed to clarify the most effective dose of remifentanil during l-i .", "this study was designed as a prospective , randomized , controlled double-blinded study .", "patients ( american society of anesthesiologists physical status i to ii ) undergoing l-i were randomly assigned to receive anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil under @ remifentanil dose conditions : @ g/kg/minute ( group @ ) , @ g/kg/minute ( group @ ) , and @ g/kg/minute ( group @ ) .", "all patients underwent l-i with propofol and remifentanil target-controlled anesthesia .", "the study endpoints were mean arterial pressure ( map ) and heart rate .", "data were recorded before l-i ( @-minute period before surgery ) , during l-i ( from the beginning of surgery to downfracture ) , and after l-i ( @-minute period after downfracture ) .", "average age , gender , average body mass index , aimed maxillary position , average bispectral index , average surgery time , and average blood loss also were examined .", "data were analyzed using the bartlett test and then @-way analysis of variance with the bonferroni multiple comparison test .", "data were obtained from @ patients ( @ men , @ women ) .", "the average operating times for groups @ , @ , and @ were @ , @ , and @minutes , respectively .", "the age range was @ to @years ( average , @ yr ) .", "the rate of map increase from before to during l-i in group @ was @ % ( n = @ ) .", "the rate of map increase from before to during l-i in group @ was @ % ( n = @ ) .", "group @ showed a significantly lower rate of map increase during and after l-i compared with group @ ( p < @ ) .", "remifentanil administration at @ g/kg/minute stabilized hemodynamics during l-i without major side effects .", "results indicated that the standard index of remifentanil administration during l-i should be @ g/kg/minute when using oxygen , propofol , and remifentanil for general anesthesia ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the clamshell incision ( ci ) offers a better exposure than the left anterolateral thoracotomy ( lat ) as a resuscitative thoracotomy .", "most surgeons will have to manage a heart wound only once or twice in their career .", "the patient 's survival depends on how fast the surgeon can control the heart wound ; however , it is unclear which of the two incisions allows for faster control in the hands of inexperienced surgeons .", "the aim of this study was to compare the time needed to access and control a standardized stab wound to the right ventricle , by inexperienced surgical trainees , by lat or ci ; we hypothesized that the ci does not take longer than the lat .", "sixteen residents were shown a video on how to perform both procedures .", "they were randomly assigned to control a standardized stab wound of the right ventricle on perfused human cadavers by lat ( n = @ ) or ci ( n = @ ) .", "access time ( skin to maximal exposure ) , control time ( maximal exposure until control of the heart wound ) and total time ( the sum of access and control times ) were recorded .", "total time was @ min -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- ( median -lsb- interquartile range -rsb- ) for lat and @ min -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- for ci ( p = @ ) .", "access time was @ min -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- for lat and @ min -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- for ci ( p = @ ) .", "control time was @ min -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- for lat and @ min -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- for ci ( p = @ ) .", "the time needed from skin incision until cardiac wound control via ci was not longer than via lat and the easier control of the cardiac wound when using ci was confirmed ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the number of total knee replacements performed each year is increasing .", "among the main impediments to functional recovery after these surgeries include postoperative edema , pain , lower limb muscle strength deficits , all of which point to a need to identify safe , effective postoperative rehabilitation modalities .", "the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of kinesio taping ( kt ) method in reducing postoperative pain , edema , and improved knee range of motion recovery after total knee replacement ( tkr ) operation in early postoperative rehabilitation period .", "randomized clinical trial .", "inpatient rehabilitation facility .", "ninety-four patients , who underwent primary tkr surgery .", "using simple randomization , participants were divided into kt group and control group .", "both groups received same rehabilitation program and procedures after surgery , except kt group also received kt applications throughout all rehabilitation period .", "postoperative pain , edema , restoration of the operated knee flexion and extension were evaluated .", "the chosen level of significance was p < @ ; in evaluation power of the test @ .", "groups were homogenous to sex , age , bmi , comorbidities , preoperative knee flexion/extension impairment , preoperative pain intensity , anaesthesia , prosthesis implanted ( p > @ ) .", "in both groups postoperative pain decreased significantly during rehabilitation period , however less pain was found in kt group from the second postoperative week till the end of inpatient rehabilitation ( @th postoperative day ) ( p < @ ; @ ) .", "postoperative edema was less intense and subsided more quickly in kt group as well ( p < @ ; @ ) .", "no difference was found in improvement of knee flexion ( p > @ ) .", "operated knee extension was found better in kt group then in control at the end of in-patient rehabilitation ( p < @ ; @ ) .", "kt was well tolerated by patients .", "kt technique appeared to be beneficial for reducing postoperative pain , edema , improving knee extension in early postoperative rehabilitation period .", "this finding implies for health care professionals working in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation that kinesio taping method is safe and can be used as additional rehabilitation means for patients after tkr ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a pair of simulated driving experiments studied the effects of cognitive load on drivers ' lane-keeping performance .", "cognitive load while driving often reduces the variability of lane position .", "however , there is no agreement as to whether this effect should be interpreted as a performance loss , consistent with other effects of distraction on driving , or as an anomalous performance gain .", "participants in a high-fidelity driving simulator performed a lane-keeping task in lateral wind , with instructions to keep a steady lane position .", "under high load conditions , participants performed a concurrent working memory task with auditory stimuli .", "cross-spectral analysis measured the relationship between wind force and steering inputs .", "cognitive load reduced the variability of lane position and increased the coupling between steering wheel position and crosswind strength .", "although cognitive load disrupts driver performance in a variety of ways , it produces a performance gain in lane keeping.this effect appears to reflect drivers ' efforts to protect lateral control against the risk of distraction , at the apparent neglect of other elements of driving performance .", "results may inform educational efforts to help drivers understand the risks of distraction and the inadequacies of compensatory driving strategies ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "setting a target quit date ( tqd ) is often an important component in smoking cessation treatment , but ambiguity remains concerning the optimal timing ( ie , quitting spontaneously versus delaying to prepare ) .", "we examined four questions about the timing of tqds and smoking outcomes in secondary analyses of the iquitt study , a randomized trial of internet and telephone treatment for cessation : ( @ ) what are the characteristics of tqds set using an online interactive quit date tool ?", ", ( @ ) what are the characteristics of individuals who use a quit date tool and do they differ from those who do not ?", ", ( @ ) are there differences in smoker characteristics , treatment utilization , and cessation outcomes based tqd timing ?", ", and ( @ ) is maintenance of an initial tqd predictive of abstinence or do changes to tqds lead to cessation ?", "a total of @ adult current cigarette smokers were randomized to enhanced internet or enhanced internet plus telephone counseling .", "latency to tqd in days was calculated as the date difference between the initial tqd and enhanced internet registration ; prospective tqd setters were stratified into four latency groups ( @ , @-@ , @-@ , @ + days ) .", "baseline variables , website utilization , and @-month cessation outcomes were examined between prospective tqd groups .", "desire and confidence to quit , number of tqds , and website logins were tested as predictors of @-day point prevalence abstinence ( ppa ) at @ months ( responder-only analyses ) .", "classification and regression tree ( cart ) analysis explored interactions among baseline variables , website utilization , and latency to tqd as predictors of @-day ppa .", "there were few baseline differences between individuals who used the quit date tool and those who did not .", "prospective tqds were set as follows : registration day was @ % ( @/@ ) , @-@ days was @ % ( @/@ ) , @-@ days was @ % ( @/@ ) , and @ + days was @ % ( @/@ ) .", "participants with a tqd within @ weeks had higher baseline self-efficacy scores but did not differ on smoking variables .", "individuals whose tqd was the same day as registration had the highest logins , page views , number of tqds set using the tool , and messages sent to other members .", "logistic regression revealed a significant interaction between number of tqds and website logins for @-day ppa ( p = @ ) .", "among those with high logins , @ % ( @/@ ) with @ tqd were abstinent versus @ % ( @/@ ) with @ + tqds .", "logins and self-efficacy predicted @-day ppa in the cart model .", "tqd timing did not predict cessation outcomes in standard or exploratory analyses .", "self-efficacy and an apparent commitment to an initial tqd were the components most highly related to abstinence but only via interactions with website utilization .", "findings highlight the importance of feeling efficacious about handling specific smoking situations and engaging with treatment .", "additional research focused on increasing engagement in web-based cessation studies is needed .", "clinicaltrials.gov : nct@ ; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct@ ( archived by webcite at http://www.webcitation.org/@kt@nrxdl ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to compare the effectiveness and patient preference of different routes of misoprostol administration before operative hysteroscopy in premenopausal women .", "randomized , controlled trial .", "university hospital .", "one hundred sixty women undergoing operative hysteroscopy .", "patients were randomly assigned to receive @ g misoprostol orally ( n = @ ) , sublingually ( n = @ ) , or vaginally ( n = @ ) before operative hysteroscopy ; the control group ( n = @ ) did not receive any cervical priming agent .", "preoperative cervical width , adverse effects , and patient preference .", "the mean ( sd ) cervical widths for the oral , sublingual , vaginal , and control groups were @ mm , @ mm , @ mm , and @ mm , respectively , which was statistically significant .", "time to cervical dilatation was also significantly longer in the control group than in the other three groups .", "misoprostol-related adverse effects and hysteroscopy-related complications were comparable among the four study groups .", "of all @ subjects , @ ( @ % ) preferred the oral route for misoprostol administration to the sublingual or vaginal routes , or had no preference .", "all orally , sublingually , and vaginally administrated misoprostol is equally effective in inducing proper cervical priming before operative hysteroscopy .", "considering patient preference , oral administration may be the optimal route for misoprostol administration .", "nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to evaluate and determine the effectiveness of surgical excision , aspiration and injection in the treatment of symptomatic ganglions .", "the prospective randomized control trial based on non-probability convenience sampling was conducted at the department of surgery , combined military hospital , sialkot , from june @ to august @ , and at the department of surgery , islam teaching hospital , sialkot , from september @ to december @ .", "the last patient was included in june @ .", "adult patients referred by general practitioners with ganglia of wrist , ankle and knee were included .", "all the patients were offered treatment options of intralesional steroid injection or excision of ganglion.the study population was distributed in two groups : group i opted for aspiration and injection treatment , while group ii went for surgical treatment .", "a minimum follow-up of six months was mandatory for inclusion in the study .", "data was compared and analyzed using spss version @ .", "the study had @ patients with @ ganglia .", "group i had @ ( @ % ) patients , while group ii had @ ( @ % ) .", "in the short term , @ ( @ % ) of the patients achieved complete resolution after one episode of aspiration and injection , and success rate after second injection repeated after @ weeks was @ ( @ % ) .", "overall success rate of aspiration and injection of triamcinolone acetonide six months after the treatment was @ ( @ % ) .", "on the surgical side the success rate was @ ( @ % ) .", "complications like pain , joint stiffness and ugly scar were few and not significant .", "comparison of failure rates of the two groups ( @ % vs @ % ) showed significant difference ( p < @ ) .", "in symptomatic ganglia , surgical excision was a better treatment option as the failure rate was less compared to injection-aspiration .", "the injection treatment should be offered to those who are not willing for surgery , but they should be properly counselled about the chances of failure ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "parkinson 's disease is a common movement disorder affecting approximately @,@ people in the uk , with an estimated two thirds having speech-related problems .", "currently there is no preferred approach to speech and language therapy within the nhs and there is little evidence for the effectiveness of standard nhs therapy or lee silverman voice treatment .", "this trial aims to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of randomizing people with parkinson 's disease-related speech or voice problems to lee silverman voice treatment or standard speech and language therapy compared to a no-intervention control .", "the pd comm pilot is a three arm , assessor-blinded , randomized controlled trial .", "randomization will be computer-generated with participants randomized at a ratio of @:@:@ .", "participants randomized to intervention arms will be immediately referred to the appropriate speech and language therapist .", "the target population are patients with a confirmed diagnosis of idiopathic parkinson 's disease who have problems with their speech or voice .", "the lee silverman voice treatment intervention group will receive the standard regime of @ sessions between @ and @minutes in length over four weeks , with extra home practice .", "the standard speech and language therapy intervention group will receive a dose determined by patients ' individual needs , but not exceeding eight weeks of treatment .", "the control group will receive standard care with no speech and language therapy input for at least six months post-randomization .", "outcomes will be assessed at baseline ( pre-randomization ) and post - randomization at three , six , and @months .", "the outcome measures include patient-reported voice measures , quality of life , resource use , and assessor-rated speech recordings .", "the recruitment aim is at least @ participants over @months from @ sites , equating to at least @ participants in each arm of the trial .", "this trial is ongoing and recruitment commenced in may @ .", "this study will provide information on the feasibility and acceptability of randomizing participants to different speech and language therapies or control/deferred treatment .", "the findings relating to recruitment , treatment compliance , outcome measures , and effect size will inform a future phase iii randomized controlled trial .", "international standard randomised controlled trial number register : isrctn@ registered @ march @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to compare the effects of neuromuscular exercise ( nexa ) and quadriceps strengthening ( qs ) on the knee adduction moment ( an indicator of mediolateral distribution of knee load ) , pain , and physical function in patients with medial knee joint osteoarthritis ( oa ) and varus malalignment .", "one hundred patients with medial knee pain , mostly moderate-to-severe radiographic medial knee oa , and varus malalignment were randomly allocated to one of two @-week exercise programs .", "each program involved @ individually supervised exercise sessions with a physiotherapist plus a home exercise component .", "primary outcomes were peak external knee adduction moment ( @-dimensional gait analysis ) , pain ( visual analog scale ) , and self-reported physical function ( western ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index ) .", "eighty-two patients ( @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- of @ in the nexa group and @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- of @ in the qs group ) completed the trial .", "there was no significant between-group difference in the change in the peak knee adduction moment ( mean difference @ nm / -lsb- body weight height -rsb- % -lsb- @ % confidence interval ( @ % ci ) -@ , @ -rsb- ) , pain ( mean difference @ mm -lsb- @ % ci -@ , @ -rsb- ) , or physical function ( mean difference -@ units -lsb- @ % ci -@ , @ -rsb- ) .", "neither group showed a change in knee moments following exercise , whereas both groups showed similar significant reductions in pain and improvement in physical function .", "although comparable improvements in clinical outcomes were observed with both neuromuscular and quadriceps strengthening exercise in patients with moderate varus malalignment and mostly moderate-to-severe medial knee oa , these forms of exercise did not affect the knee adduction moment , a key predictor of structural disease progression ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to evaluate the advantages of exenatide treatment on obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) with elevated liver enzymes in patients with type @ diabetes ( t@d ) .", "a total of @ newly diagnosed patients with obesity , nafld with elevated liver enzymes and t@d were included in the study .", "the patients were randomly divided into two groups .", "the exenatide treatment group ( n = @ ) were treated with exenatide and insulin glargine , and the intensive insulin therapy group ( n = @ ) were treated with insulin aspart and insulin glargine for @weeks .", "selected clinical characteristics were determined , and ultrasonography was performed at both baseline and @weeks following treatment .", "at baseline , the clinical characteristics were matched between the two groups .", "after @weeks , fasting blood glucose ( fbg ) , postprandial blood glucose ( pbg ) , glycosylated haemoglobin ( hba@c ) , total cholesterol ( tc ) , triglyceride ( tg ) and total bilirubin levels were significantly decreased in the two groups ( p < @ ) .", "body weight and waist circumference were significantly decreased in the exenatide group but increased in the intensive insulin group ( p < @ ) .", "the levels of alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( ast ) and - glutamyl transpeptidase ( ggt ) in the exenatide group were significantly lower than in the intensive insulin group ( p < @ ) .", "the mean body weight change correlated with the levels of alt , ast and ggt change ( alt , r = @ ; ast , r = @ ; ggt , r = @ ; p < @ ) .", "moreover , the reversal rate of fatty liver was significantly higher in the exenatide group ( @ % ) than the intensive insulin group ( @ % ) ( p < @ ) .", "exenatide has a better hepatic-protective effect than intensive insulin therapy and perhaps represents a unique option for adjunctive therapy for patients with obesity , non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with elevated liver enzymes and t@d ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]