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[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "information regarding prognostic factors and survival in elderly women with metastatic breast cancer treated with tamoxifen is limited .", "the data from @ prospective clinical trials were analyzed , including information on @ postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer who received tamoxifen as initial therapy for metastatic disease .", "emphasis was placed on @ elderly patients ( age greater than @ years ) to characterize the response to therapy , time to progression ttp ) , overall survival ( os ) , prognostic factors , and treatment-related toxicity .", "among @ patients with measurable or evaluable disease , the objective response rates were higher in the elderly patients ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) ; but age did not achieve significance in a logistic regression analysis ( p = @ ) .", "the median ttp ( @ months versus @ months , log rank p = @ ) and os ( @ months versus @ months , log rank p = @ ) were superior in the elderly cohort .", "in multivariate analysis , age at diagnosis approached statistical significance ( p = @ ) for ttp but was not significant for os ( p = @ ) .", "among elderly patients , disease free interval ( dfi ) ( greater than @ years ) , dominant disease site ( soft tissue ) , prior adjuvant chemotherapy , positive estrogen/progesterone receptor ( er/pgr ) and performance status ( ps ) were independent prognostic factors .", "hot flashes were common in both younger and older cohorts ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) , while anorexia ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) and mood changes ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) were more common in the elderly patients .", "there was no indication that elderly women with metastatic breast cancer treated with tamoxifen have a poorer outcome with regard to response rate , ttp or os ; in fact , they appeared to have a slightly better prognosis although this was not significant after adjustment for other prognostic factors .", "in elderly patients , dfi , ps , positive er or pgr , and dominant disease site are independent prognostic factors ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate unattended full polysomnography ( psg ) recorded in the home by the digitrace home sleep system ( dhss ) and to assess the ability to acquire , store and analyze polysomnographic data using the dhss compared to standard paper psg .", "part @ used a prospective , cross-over design .", "part @ consisted of a prospective concurrent collection of polysomnographic data .", "sleep disorders center in a university medical center .", "all adult patients who required standard clinical psg as part of their clinical evaluation , regardless of suspected diagnosis , except patients requiring video recording for abnormal behaviors .", "the dhss is a digital recording system with miniature preamplifiers and the capacity to record @ channels of polysomnographic data , including @ channels of eeg ( c@-a@ , c@-a@ , c@-o@ and c@-o@ ) , right and left eog , two channels of chin emg , ecg naso-oral airflow , respiratory effort ( piezo crystal thoracic and abdominal belts and bilateral interacostal emg ) , snore microphone , bilateral anterior tibialis emg , and body-position sensor .", "in part @,@ dhss home recordings were evaluated .", "no recordings were lost due to equipment failure and each parameter was scorable in greater than @ % of all epochs .", "most of the subjective assessments by questionnaire following each study revealed no difference between the two testing situations .", "however , patients reported more sleep time and a better overall test experience in the lab .", "assessments of sleep quality and morning alertness compared to usual were rated higher in the lab .", "after completing both studies , more patients preferred the lab study ( p < @ ) , mostly because of minor inconveniences and apprehension regarding acquisition of data during the home study .", "there was no difference in the assessment of which test most accurately represented their sleep .", "in part @ , the dhss recorded concurrently with paper psg in the laboratory in @ patients .", "the results show no significant differences for any parameter and strong positive correlations for all parameters .", "using the dhss , unattended full psg can be performed in the home with reliable and high quality recordings .", "full psg can be extended to a larger patient population , because it is no longer limited by the number of beds , and there is a reduction in cost due to elimination of overnight staff and facility cost ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "ppis are widely used in peptic diseases , and this paper is to investigate the kinetic characteristics of a new ppi ilaprazole in chinese healthy subjects and the association with cyp@a@ and cyp@c@ polymorphisms .", "@ subjects were selected and treated with @mg ilaprazole according to their cyp@a@ * @ genotypes ( including @ of cyp@a@ * @ / * @ , @ of * @ / * @ , and @ of * @ / * @ ) .", "the plasma concentrations of ilaprazole and its metabolites were monitored by lc-ms/ms method .", "the c ( max ) , auc ( ( @-@ ) ) , auc ( ( @-@ ) ) and auc ( ( @-infinity ) ) of ilaprazole were all significantly different across the @ cyp@a@ genotypes ( including @ of cyp@a@ * @ / * @ , @ of * @ / * @ , @ of * @ / * @ ; p < @ ) in cyp@c@ wild-type subjects ( cyp@c@ wt/wts ) , similar variety of c ( max ) and auc ( ( @-@ ) ) among cyp@a@ genotypes ( including @ of cyp@a@ * @ / * @ , @ of * @ / * @ , @ of * @ / * @ ; p < @ ) were also observed in cyp@c@ heterozygous subjects ( cyp@c@ wt/mts ) .", "the sulfoxidation metabolic index ( measure of collective cyp@a activity ) indicates that the cyp@a@ * @ / * @ , ( high-expressers ) , * @ / * @ , ( low-expressers ) , and * @ / * @ ( no-expressers ) groups have medium , lowest and highest activities on ilaprazole metabolism , inconsistent with genotype-based cyp@a@ enzymatic activity .", "further analysis showed no correlation between ilaprazole metabolism and cyp@c@ genotypes , evidenced by that the auc ( ( @-infinity ) ) of ilaprazole from either cyp@a@ * @ / * @ or cyp@a@ * @ / * @ groups was much higher in cyp@c@ wt/wts ( n = @ ) than that in cyp@c@ wt/mts ( n = @ ) ( p < @ ) , but the c ( max ) and auc ( ( @-@ ) ) of ilaprazole from cyp@a@ * @ / * @ groups , were significantly lower in cyp@c@ wt/wts ( n = @ ) compared to cyp@c@ wt/mts ( n = @ ) ( p < @ ) .", "there was no demonstrated relationship between ilaprazole metabolism and cyp@a@ polymorphisms ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "gd-dtpa is a well-characterized , safe contrast agent frequently used in magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) of the central nervous system .", "the purpose of this double-blind , comparative mri study of brain , spine , trunk , and limbs was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of gd-dota versus gd-dtpa in a large number of patients ( n = @ ) .", "t@-weighted mri was performed before contrast and after the administration of gd-dota or gd-dtpa ( @ mmol/kg ) .", "the mr images were scored for image quality , and the diagnostic efficacy also was assessed .", "patients were questioned @ hour after injection , and adverse reactions were recorded .", "image quality of the t@-weighted mr images without contrast was good or excellent in @ % and @ % of the gd-dota and gd-dtpa groups , respectively ( p > @ ) .", "after contrast , @ % ( gd-dota ) and @ % ( gd-dtpa ) of the t@-weighted mr images were of good to excellent image quality ( p > @ ) , significantly less than before contrast ( p < @ , both groups ) .", "in @ % of the gd-dota group and @ % of the gd-dtpa group ( p > @ ) , the information obtained was more accurate with the administration of contrast agents .", "in @ % ( gd-dtpa ) and @ % ( gd-dota ) of patients , confirmation was obtained of diagnosis without contrast , whereas in @ % and @ % of patients , therapy was modified as a result of the use of contrast ( p > @ , both groups ) .", "the mri investigation was reported as abnormal in @ % ( gd-dota ) and @ % of patients ( gd-dtpa ) , indicating a similar prevalence of disease in each group .", "patients responded that @ % ( gd-dota ) and @ % ( gd-dtpa ) of the investigations went well and adverse reactions , none of them serious , were encountered in @ % of gd-dota and @ % of gd-dtpa groups ( p > @ , both groups ) .", "this double-blind , randomized , clinical trial comparing gd-dtpa and gd-dota revealed no serious adverse reactions , whereas minor adverse reactions were encountered in fewer than @ % of patients .", "gd-dota is as safe a contrast agent as gd-dtpa and has similar diagnostic efficacy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study included @-month-old children with a history of institutional care .", "our goal was to : ( @ ) examine differences in indiscriminate social behaviors in children with a history of institutional care compared with home-reared children ; ( @ ) test whether foster care reduces indiscriminate social behaviors in a randomized controlled trial ; and ( @ ) examine early predictors of indiscriminate behaviors .", "participants were @ children with a history of institutional care and @ never-institutionalized control ( nig ) subjects enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of foster care for institutional care , assessed from toddlerhood to @ months .", "indiscriminate social behaviors were measured naturalistically by using the stranger at the door procedure .", "in the stranger at the door procedure , children with a history of institutional care left with a stranger at higher rates than nig subjects ( @ % vs. @ % ; p < @ ) .", "children in the care as usual group left more than nig subjects ( @ % vs. @ % ; p @ ) .", "the differences between the foster care group ( @ % ) and the care as usual group and between foster care group and nig were not significant .", "in a logistic regression , early disorganized attachment behaviors , baseline developmental quotient , and caregiving quality after randomization contributed to variance at @ months .", "in the same analysis using only children with a history of institutional care , only disorganized attachment contributed significantly to @-month indiscriminate social behaviors ( exp [ b ] = @ [ @ % confidence interval : @-@ @ ] ) .", "observed socially indiscriminate behaviors at @ months were associated with prolonged exposure to institutional care .", "young children raised in conditions of deprivation who fail to develop organized attachments as toddlers are at increased risk for subsequent indiscriminate behaviors ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effect of delapril/manidipine vs olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide ( hctz ) combination on insulin sensitivity and plasma fibrinogen in obese hypertensive patients .", "after a @-week placebo period , @ obese , hypertensive ( dbp > @ and < @ mmhg ) outpatients were randomized to delapril @ mg/manidipine @ mg combination or to olmesartan @ mg/hctz @ mg combination for @ weeks according to a prospective , randomized , open-label , blinded endpoint , parallel group design .", "at the end of the placebo period and treatment period , clinical bp , fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) , plasma insulin , insulin sensitivity ( by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp ) and plasma fibrinogen were evaluated .", "insulin sensitivity was expressed as the amount of glucose infused during the last @ minutes ( glucose infusion rate , gir ) in mg/kg/min .", "the total glucose requirement ( tgr ) to maintain a steady-state blood glucose level in response to a defined increase in plasma insulin concentration was also evaluated .", "both combinations significantly reduced sbp/dbp values ( -@ / @ mmhg and -@ / @ mmhg , respectively , all p < @ vs placebo ) .", "gir was significantly increased only by delapril/manidipine ( +@ mg/min/kg , p = @ vs placebo ) , the difference between treatments being significant ( p < @ ) .", "tgr was significantly increased by delapril/manidipine ( +@ g , p = @ ) , while it was unaffected by olmesartan/hctz .", "plasma insulin as well as fibrinogen were significantly reduced by delapril/manidipine ( -@ pmol/l , p = @ and -@ mg/dl , p = @ , respectively ) , but not by olmesartan/hctz , the difference between the two treatments being statistically significant ( p < @ ) .", "in obese hypertensive patients the delapril/manidipine combination but not the olmesartan/hctz combination significantly decreased insulin resistance and plasma fibrinogen levels , despite the similar bp lowering efficacy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to test whether consumption of a beverage containing active ingredients will increase @-hour energy metabolism in healthy , young , lean individuals .", "thirty-one male and female subjects consumed @ x @-ml servings of a beverage containing green tea catechins , caffeine , and calcium for @ days in a single-center , double-blind , placebo-controlled , cross-over design study .", "on the @rd day , @-hour energy metabolism , extrapolated to @-hour , was measured in a calorimeter chamber .", "blood pressure and heart rate were measured , and total day and night urines were analyzed for urea and catecholamine excretion .", "twenty-four-hour energy expenditure ( ee ) and @-hour fat oxidation were lower in women than in men ( p < @ and p < @ , respectively ) .", "although there were no treatment or treatment/gender effects on substrate oxidation , treatment increased @-hour ee by @ + / - @ kcal/@ hours ( p = @ ) , equivalent to @ + / - @ kcal/h ( day ; p = @ ) and @ + / - @ kcal/h ( night ; p = @ ) .", "no significant differences were observed in hemodynamic parameters .", "the present study provides evidence that consumption of a beverage containing green tea catechins , caffeine , and calcium increases @-hour ee by @ % , but the contribution of the individual ingredients can not be distinguished .", "although this increase is modest , the results are discussed in relation to proposed public health goals , indicating that such modifications are sufficient to prevent weight gain .", "when consumed regularly as part of a healthy diet and exercise regime , such a beverage may provide benefits for weight control ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "dexlansoprazole mr , a modified-release formulation of dexlansoprazole , an enantiomer of lansoprazole , effectively heals erosive oesophagitis .", "to assess dexlansoprazole mr in maintaining healed erosive oesophagitis .", "patients ( n = @ ) with erosive oesophagitis healed in either of two dexlansoprazole mr healing trials randomly received dexlansoprazole mr @ or @ mg or placebo once daily in this double-blind trial .", "the percentage of patients who maintained healing at month @ was analysed using life table and crude rate methods .", "secondary endpoints were percentages of nights and of @-h days without heartburn based on daily diaries .", "dexlansoprazole mr @ and @ mg were superior to placebo for maintaining healing ( p < @ ) .", "maintenance rates were @ % and @ % for the @ and @ mg doses , respectively , vs. @ % for placebo ( life table ) , and @ % and @ % vs. @ % , respectively ( crude rate ) .", "both doses were superior to placebo for the percentage of @-h heartburn-free days ( @ mg , @ % ; @ mg , @ % ; placebo , @ % ) and nights ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ) .", "diarrhoea , flatulence , gastritis ( symptoms ) and abdominal pain occurred more frequently with dexlansoprazole mr than placebo , but were not dose-related .", "dexlansoprazole mr effectively maintained healed erosive oesophagitis and symptom relief compared with placebo , and was well tolerated ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the pathophysiology of anemia in coastal east africa is complex .", "impaired erythropoietin production is one possible mechanism .", "plasmodium falciparum malaria has been found to blunt erythropoietin production , whereas vitamin a stimulates erythropoietin production in vitro .", "we investigated the @-h effects of vitamin a and the antimalarial drug sulfadoxine pyramethamine ( sp ) on erythropoietin production in severely anemic ( hemoglobin < or = @ g/l ) preschool children in zanzibar , a region of known vitamin a deficiency .", "we hypothesized that both treatments would stimulate erythropoietin production directly , within @ h , before a change in hemoglobin would occur .", "one hundred forty-one severely anemic children were identified during the baseline assessment of a morbidity substudy of a community-based micronutrient supplementation trial .", "all severely anemic children were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin a ( @,@ or @,@ iu depending on age ) or sp at baseline ; @ h later they received the opposite treatment plus daily hematinic syrup for @ d. erythropoietic and parasitic indicators were assessed at baseline and again after @ h.", "after @ h , sp reduced the malaria parasite density ( by @ parasites/microl ; p < @ ) , crp concentrations ( by @ mg/l ; p = @ ) , and the proportion of children infected with malaria ( by @ % ; p < @ ) .", "vitamin a reduced crp ( by @ mg/l ; p = @ ) , serum ferritin ( by @ microg/l ; p = @ ) , and erythropoietin ( by @ miu/ml ; p = @ ) concentrations and increased the reticulocyte production index ( by @ ; p = @ ) .", "contrary to our hypothesis , vitamin a significantly decreased erythropoietin concentration .", "the most important effect of both vitamin a and sp was the rapid reduction of inflammation .", "vitamin a also mobilized iron from stores and stimulated the production of new erythrocytes ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "an external straightener for colonoscopy which enables proper compression of the abdomen during the entire examination has been developed .", "beginning january @ , @ , patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy were subjected to either manual abdominal compression or compression with an external straightener .", "two hundred patients were divided into two groups of @ patients each : group a ( colonoscopy using traditional methods ; @ men , @ women , mean age @ years , range @ to @ ) and group b ( colonoscopy with the help of the external straightener ; @ men , @ women , mean age @ years , range @ to @ ) .", "fifteen minutes after the examination , each patient completed a form that assessed the degree of pain during the procedure ( no pain , mild , moderate , severe ) .", "the ileocecal valve was reached in @ cases in group a and @ cases in group b.", "the average time required to reach the valve was @ + / -@ minutes ( range @ to @ ) in group a and @ + / -@ minutes ( range @ to @ ) in group b ( p < @ ) .", "with regard to the degree of pain , the results for groups a and b were , respectively : no pain = @ % and @ % , mild = @ % and @ % , moderate = @ % and @ % , severe = @ % and @ % ( p < @ ) .", "the external straightener reduced examination time and decreased the degree of patient pain compared with traditional methods ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "intravenous acetaminophen injection ( paracetamol ) is marketed in europe for the management of acute pain .", "a repeated-dose , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , three-parallel group study was performed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of intravenous acetaminophen as compared with its prodrug ( propacetamol ) and placebo .", "propacetamol has been available in many european countries for more than @ yr .", "after orthopedic surgery , patients reporting moderate to severe pain received either @ g intravenous acetaminophen , @ g propacetamol , or placebo at @-h intervals over @ h. patients were allowed `` rescue '' intravenous patient-controlled analgesia morphine .", "pain intensity , pain relief , and morphine use were measured at selected intervals .", "safety was monitored through adverse event reporting , clinical examination , and laboratory testing .", "one hundred fifty-one patients ( intravenous acetaminophen : @ ; propacetamol : @ ; placebo : @ ) received at least one dose of study medication .", "the intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol groups differed significantly from the placebo group regarding pain relief from @ min to @ h ( p < @ ) and median time to morphine rescue ( intravenous acetaminophen : @ h ; propacetamol : @ h ; placebo : @ h ) .", "intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol significantly reduced morphine consumption over the @-h period : the total morphine doses received over @ h were @ + / - @ mg for intravenous acetaminophen , @ + / - @ mg for propacetamol , and @ + / - @ mg for placebo , corresponding to decreases of -@ % ( @ mg ) and -@ % ( @ mg ) for intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol , respectively .", "drug-related adverse events were reported in @ % , @ % ( most of them local ) , and @ % of patients treated with intravenous acetaminophen , propacetamol , and placebo , respectively .", "intravenous acetaminophen , @ g , administered over a @-h period in patients with moderate to severe pain after orthopedic surgery provided rapid and effective analgesia and was well tolerated ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess whether heat trapped under ophthalmic drapes is responsible for patient reports of being hot during cataract surgery using local anesthesia .", "departments of anaesthesia and intensive care medicine and of ophthalmology and optometry , innsbruck university hospital , innsbruck , austria .", "in a prospective , randomized , single-blind study , the temperature in the ambient air under @ types of paper drapes ( group a : barrier ophthalmology drape , johnson & johnson ; group b : steri drape @ , @m ) and a plastic drape ( group c : cotton drape + steri drape @ , @m ) was measured for @ minutes in @ patients having cataract surgery under local anesthesia .", "three minutes after the patient 's head was draped , the mean temperature under the drape began to increase significantly : group a , @ degrees c + / - @ degree c ( sd ) to @ degrees c + / - @ degree c ( p < or = @ ) ; group b , @ degrees c + / - @ degree c to @ degrees c + / - @ degree c ( p < or = @ ) ; group c , @ degrees c + / - @ degree c to @ degrees c + / - @ degree c ( p < or = @ ) .", "it continued to increase in all groups as the operation continued .", "no significant differences in temperature were observed among the @ drape types studied .", "subjective thermal discomfort was reported by @ % to @ % of patients .", "paper drapes did not cause less heat from being trapped than the plastic drape .", "trapped heat may impair the comfort of patients having eye surgery under local anesthesia ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "combining targeted treatments for renal cell carcinoma has been suggested as a possible method to improve treatment efficacy .", "we aimed to assess the potential synergistic or additive effect of the combination of bevacizumab , directed against the vegf receptor , and temsirolimus , an mtor inhibitor , in metastatic renal cell carcinoma .", "torava was an open-label , multicentre randomised phase @ study undertaken in @ centres in france .", "patients aged @ years or older who had untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma were randomly assigned ( @:@:@ ) to receive the combination of bevacizumab ( @ mg/kg every @ weeks ) and temsirolimus ( @ mg weekly ; group a ) , or one of the standard treatments : sunitinib ( @ mg/day for @ weeks followed by @ weeks off ; group b ) , or the combination of interferon alfa ( @ miu three times per week ) and bevacizumab ( @ mg/kg every @ weeks ; group c ) .", "randomisation was done centrally and independently from other study procedures with computer-generated permuted blocks of four and eight patients stratified by participating centre and eastern cooperative oncology group performance status .", "the primary endpoint was progression-free survival ( pfs ) at @ weeks ( four follow-up ct scans ) , which was expected to be above @ % in group a. analysis was by intention to treat .", "the study is ongoing for long-term overall survival .", "this study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .", "between march @ , @ and may @ , @ , @ patients were randomly assigned : @ to the experimental group ( group a ) , @ to group b , and @ to group c. pfs at @ weeks was @ % ( @ of @ patients , @ % ci @-@ @ ) in group a , @ % ( @ of @ , @-@ @ ) in group b , and @ % ( @ of @ , @-@ @ ) in group c. median pfs was @ months ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) in group a , @ months ( @-@ @ ) in group b , and @ months ( @-@ @ ) in group c. @ ( @ % ) of @ patients in group a stopped treatment for reasons other than progression compared with five ( @ % ) of @ in group b and @ ( @ % ) of @ in group c. grade @ or worse adverse events were reported in @ ( @ % ) of @ patients in group a versus @ ( @ % ) of @ in group b and @ ( @ % ) of @ in group c. serious adverse events were reported in @ ( @ % ) of @ , @ ( @ % ) of @ , and @ ( @ % ) of @ patients in groups a , b , and c , respectively .", "the toxicity of the temsirolimus and bevacizumab combination was much higher than anticipated and limited treatment continuation over time .", "clinical activity was low compared with the benefit expected from sequential use of each targeted therapy .", "this combination can not be recommended for first-line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma .", "french ministry of health and wyeth pharmaceuticals ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "wound pain is a serious problem for people with chronic wounds .", "the aim of this real-life study was to compare the effect of a foam dressing that releases ibuprofen ( biatain ibu ) with local best practice on the treatment of painful exuding wounds .", "a total of @ patients with painful exuding wounds were randomized to either ibuprofen foam treatment ( n = @ ) or local best practice ( n = @ ) .", "the primary endpoint was pain relief over @ days of treatment , assessed daily using a @-point verbal rating scale ( no relief , slight relief , moderate relief , lots of relief , and complete relief ) .", "secondary endpoints included a total reduction in pain intensity for the whole study period ( using an @-point numeric box scale : @ = no pain to @ = worst possible pain ) and incidence of adverse events ( aes ) .", "more patients in the ibuprofen foam treatment group reported wound pain relief and lower wound pain intensity values after @ days ( p < @ for both variables ) .", "within the four most common ulcer aetiolgies , patients reported significantly more effective pain relief with ibuprofen foam treatment ( venous : p = @ , mixed arterial venous : p < @ , arterial : p = @ , and vasculitis : p = @ ) .", "in all groups , patients from the ibuprofen foam group reported lower pain intensities .", "the results were significant for patients with venous ( p < @ ) and arterial ( p < @ ) leg ulcers .", "two aes were reported .", "the ibuprofen foam represents an effective and safe alternative to local best practice in the management of painful exuding wounds ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine if a @-month course of therapy with imreg-@ , a leukocyte-derived immunomodulator , slows disease progression in patients with aids-related complex .", "randomized , double-blind trial .", "five academic - and three community-based clinics .", "immunocompromised patients ( @ ) with hiv .", "imreg-@ or placebo every @ weeks ( @ doses ) .", "twelve of forty-eight patients on placebo and @ of @ patients on imreg-@ experienced adverse events ( aids-defining opportunistic infection or neoplasm , wasting syndrome , hiv-associated encephalopathy , or peripheral sensory neuropathy ) .", "based on an intention-to-treat analysis , kaplan-meier event probabilities were @ % for the placebo group and @ % for the imreg-@ group ( p less than @ ) ; based on the cox proportional hazards model , the relative risk for patients on placebo compared with patients on imreg-@ was @ ( @ % ci , @ to @ ) .", "the frequency of symptoms significantly increased from baseline in patients receiving placebo .", "the mean decrease in cd@ + cells from baseline was @ x @ ( @ ) cells/l in the placebo group and @ x @ ( @ ) cells/l in patients on imreg-@ , with @ % ( @ ) and @ % ( @ ) of patients , respectively , showing a trend toward an increase ( p = @ ) .", "in patients receiving imreg-@ , the size and rate of delayed hypersensitivity responses were larger than in the placebo group .", "patients with aids-related complex experienced fewer adverse events and constitutional symptoms after imreg-@ treatment .", "the slower loss of cd@ + cells and increased size and rate of delayed hypersensitivity responses most likely reflect the effect of imreg-@ on the immune system .", "no toxicity related to imreg-@ administration was observed ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "tracheal intubation in the lateral position is difficult because the laryngeal view is compromised during direct laryngoscopy .", "the airway scope facilitates intubation even when laryngeal views are poor with direct laryngoscopy , as they often are in the lateral position .", "we thus compared the efficacy of the airway scope in supine patients with those in the left - and right-lateral positions .", "anesthetized adults were randomly assigned to supine , left-lateral , or right-lateral position ( n = @ for each group ) .", "laryngeal views were obtained in the designated position with a macintosh laryngoscope , and patients ' tracheas were subsequently intubated with the airway scope .", "specifically , we tested the hypothesis that the time required for intubation in the left - and right-lateral positions is not increased by > @ seconds compared with tracheal intubation in the supine position .", "overall intubation success was @ % in the @ lateral positions , and @ % in the supine position .", "intubation times were similar in the left-lateral ( @ [ @ ] seconds , mean [ sd ] ) , right-lateral ( @ [ @ ] seconds ) , and supine ( @ [ @ ] seconds ) positions .", "the numbers of required intubation attempts were similar in the @ lateral positions and in the supine and left-lateral positions .", "however , more intubation attempts were required in the supine position than in the right-lateral position ( p = @ ) .", "the incidences of airway complications were similar in each position ; no hypoxia , dental injury , or esophageal intubation was observed .", "modified cormack-lehane and the percentage of glottic opening scores obtained with the macintosh laryngoscope did not differ between the @ lateral positions , but the modified cormack-lehane and percentage of glottic opening scores were superior in the supine position ( all p < @ ) compared with either of the lateral positions .", "despite worse laryngoscopic views in either lateral position than when patients were supine , intubation with the airway scope offered high success rates .", "furthermore , intubation time using the airway scope in either lateral position was not longer by > @ seconds than in the supine position .", "the airway scope thus seems to be a useful tool when tracheal intubation is required in a laterally positioned patient ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effect of veno-venous continuous renal replacement therapy ( crrt ) on the plasma levels of endotoxin and cytokines in severely burned patients with sepsis .", "twenty adult severely burned patients with sepsis were studied .", "for the diagnosis of sepsis , patients were randomly divided into crrt ( n = @ ) and control ( n = @ ) .", "both groups received conventional therapy after admission .", "veno-venous crrt was administered to @ patients in the crrt group whenever patients were determined to be septic .", "the plasma level of endotoxin , tnf-alpha , il-@ beta , il-@ and il-@ were measured at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ and @ h after crrt initiation , and at @ , @ , @ and @ h after the patients were diagnosed as having sepsis in the control group .", "plasma level of endotoxin and all the cytokines after crrt initiation were significantly lower than those before the treatment ( p < @ ) .", "the serial change of endotoxin , il-@ beta , il-@ and il-@ was significantly lower at @ , @ and @ h after treatment compared with control groups ( p < @ ) .", "a significant decrease in plasma tnf-alpha levels was seen at @ and @ h after treatment compared with control groups ( p < @ ) .", "plasma endotoxin and cytokines ( tnf-alpha , il-@ beta , il-@ and il-@ ) can be removed effectively with crrt in severely burned patients with sepsis ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study the effect of shenqi fuzheng injection ( sfi ) on cellular immune in patients with mammary cancer ( mc ) after chemotherapy .", "one hundred and ten patients with mc were randomly assigned to two groups .", "the @ patients in the tested group were treated with sfi in cooperation with chemotherapy of caf protocol ( cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin and fluorouracil ) , while the @ patients in the control group were treated with chemotherapy of the same protocol alone .", "changes of the patients ' quality of life ( qof ) , adverse reaction that occurred , peripheral lymphocyte count and killing activity of single karyocyte before and after treatment between the two groups were compared .", "patients ' qof elevating rate after treatment in the tested group and the control group was @ % and @ % respectively ; the lowering of peripheral blood cell count of wbc , platelet and lymphocyte as well as that of the killing activity of single peripheral karyocyte on various kinds of mc cells were all milder and recovery sooner than those in the control group .", "sfi in combination with chemotherapy in treating mc could reduce the occurrence of adverse reaction to chemotherapy , improve clinical symptoms , elevate qof and enhance immunity in patients with mc ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "probiotics are microbial supplements that have shown efficacy in a wide range of applications .", "to assess the safety and effects of enteral probiotics in critically ill neonates .", "a double-blind , randomized controlled trial was conducted in @ full-term infants with critical illness according to scores of neonatal acute physiology .", "fifty neonatal intensive care patients were randomly assigned to receive probiotics three times daily after birth for @ days , and fifty patients were not given probiotics , but who received a placebo .", "the incidence of sepsis , multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( mods ) , nosocomial pneumonia , and necrotizing enterocolitis were recorded .", "the prognosis of probiotic treatment was determined based on the rate of recovery and hospital days .", "serum iga , igg , and igm concentrations were measured on days @ and @ .", "infants in the probiotics group showed a significantly reduced rate of nosocomial pneumonia ( @ % versus @ % ) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( @ % versus @ % ) compared with the placebo group ( p < @ ) .", "significant results were demonstrated in favour of the probiotics for days of hospital stay ( @ @ d versus @ @ d ) ( p < @ ) .", "however , there were no significant differences in the occurrence of sepsis , necrotizing enterocolitis , and recovery rate .", "patients given probiotics had significantly greater levels of iga than those in the placebo group ( p < @ ) .", "no serious adverse effects in the study population were noted .", "supplements of probiotics to critically ill neonates could enhance immune activity , decrease occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia and mods , and reduce days in hospital ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "decreases in prefrontal electroencephalogram ( eeg ) cordance that are detectable as early as @ hours after the start of medication have been related to clinical outcome in treatment trials for major depressive disorder .", "the relationship between brain changes during the placebo lead-in phase and medication treatment outcome is unknown .", "the authors hypothesized that decreases in prefrontal cordance during the placebo lead-in phase would be associated with better clinical outcome in subjects treated with antidepressants .", "data were pooled examining @ adults with major depressive disorder from two independent double-blind placebo-controlled trials .", "a @-week single-blind placebo lead-in phase preceded @ weeks of randomized treatment with medication ( fluoxetine @ mg or venlafaxine @ mg ) or placebo .", "the authors obtained quantitative eeg cordance measures at baseline and at the end of the placebo lead-in period .", "relationships between regional cordance changes at the end of the placebo lead-in period and clinical outcome ( the final @-item hamilton rating scale for depression scores ) were examined using multiple linear regression analysis .", "as hypothesized , decreases in prefrontal cordance during the placebo lead-in period were associated with lower final hamilton depression scale scores in subjects randomly assigned to medication .", "prefrontal changes explained @ % of the variance in final hamilton depression scale scores .", "neurophysiological changes during a placebo lead-in period may serve as nonpharmacodynamic biomarkers of eventual treatment outcomes in clinical trials for major depressive disorder ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "late onset hypogonadism negatively impacts on men 's psychological well-being .", "this study was conducted to examine the interrelationship among symptoms of testosterone deficiency , psychological well-being , and quality of life .", "eligible subjects were randomized into active treatment and control groups , and were asked to complete the following questionnaires at baseline and month @ : aging male 's symptoms ( ams ) rating scale , hospital anxiety and depression scale ( hads ) , perceived stress scale ( pss ) and the short form health survey-@ ( sf-@ ) .", "in this study , men were treated and monitored for @ months with oral testosterone undecanoate ( tu ) capsules or vitamin e/c capsules in a single-blinded fashion .", "all in the active treatment group were administered a total of @ - @ mg tu orally on a daily basis .", "total and free t levels between baseline and month @ were compared .", "one hundred and sixty eligible subjects were recruited and followed up .", "in the active treatment group , total serum testosterone concentrations before and after intervention were ( @ @ ) nmol/l and ( @ @ ) nmol/l .", "the mean hads anxiety subscale scores for the subjects at baseline and at month @ were @ @ and @ @ , respectively ( t = @ , p < @ ) .", "additionally , the mean hads depression subscale scores were @ @ and @ @ , respectively ( t = @ , p < @ ) .", "the mean scores on pss for the subjects at baseline and at month @ were @ @ and @ @ , respectively ( t = @ , p < @ ) .", "significantly improved sf-@ could be observed ( t = @ and @ , respectively ; both p < @ ) .", "no significant changes were observed in the control group at month @ .", "androgen replacement not only improves androgen deficiency associated symptoms , but also enhances comprehensive improvement in psychological issues ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "methyl aminolaevulinate-photodynamic therapy ( mal-pdt ) is an effective treatment in facial/scalp actinic keratosis ( ak ) .", "the aims of this study were to compare efficacy , safety , cosmetic outcome and patient preference of mal-pdt vs. cryotherapy in patients with ak at other locations .", "a multicentre , controlled , randomized , open , intraindividual , right-left comparison was performed .", "patients with nonhyperkeratotic ak were treated once with mal-pdt and cryotherapy on either side of the body .", "at week @ , lesions showing noncomplete response were retreated .", "the primary efficacy variable was the lesion response at week @ .", "investigator 's assessment of cosmetic outcome , patient 's preference in terms of cosmetic outcome and a patient preference questionnaire were also analysed at week @ .", "in total , of @ patients with @ lesions ( @ % located on the extremities and the remainder on the trunk and neck ) were included .", "both treatments provided a high mean percentage reduction in lesion count at week @ with significantly higher efficacy for cryotherapy : @ % for mal-pdt and @ % for cryotherapy ( p = @ , per protocol population ) .", "investigator 's assessment of cosmetic outcome was significantly better for mal-pdt than cryotherapy ( p < @ ) , @ % of lesions having an excellent cosmetic outcome with mal-pdt vs. @ % with cryotherapy at week @ .", "the cosmetic outcome achieved by mal-pdt compared with cryotherapy was also preferred by patients ( @ % vs. @ % , respectively , p < @ ) , and @ % of patients would prefer to have any new lesions treated with mal-pdt compared with @ % with cryotherapy ( p < @ ) .", "both treatment regimens were safe and well tolerated .", "mal-pdt showed inferior efficacy for treatment of non-face/scalp ak compared with cryotherapy .", "however , both treatments showed high efficacy , and mal-pdt conveyed the advantages of better cosmesis and higher patient preference ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether patients with borderline semen should be treated with conventional ivf or intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( icsi ) .", "randomized study .", "a university medical center in the netherlands .", "one hundred six couples with borderline semen who were undergoing ivf and icsi on sibling oocytes .", "performing ivf and icsi on sibling oocytes .", "fertilization and pregnancy rates .", "one thousand five hundred eighteen oocytes were collected in @ oocyte retrievals : @ oocytes were randomly allocated to icsi , of which @ were microinjected , and @ oocytes were randomly assigned to ivf .", "in @ of the @ patients , there was fertilization only after icsi and not after ivf ( ivf - group ) .", "the fertilization rate was @ % ( @/@ oocytes ) .", "in @ patients , there was fertilization after both ivf and icsi ( ivf + group ) ; the fertilization rate was @ % for both the ivf - and icsi-treated oocytes ( @/@ oocytes and @/@ oocytes , respectively ) .", "in @ patients , there was no fertilization after either ivf ( @/@ oocytes ) or icsi ( @/@ oocytes ) .", "patients of the ivf + group had a higher total motile sperm count after preparation than did those of the ivf - group .", "more high-quality embryos were obtained after icsi in patients of the ivf + group .", "in @ patients , embryo transfer was performed : @ in the ivf - group and @ in the ivf + group .", "no significant differences were found with regard to pregnancy rates between those two groups : pregnancy rates were @ % in the ivf - group and @ % in the ivf + group .", "performing icsi on at least some of the oocytes will avoid unnecessary fertilization failure in patients with borderline semen : in this study , @ of @ cycles ( @ % ) were rescued by icsi ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to explore the quality of data recording by practices and identify issues to be considered and addressed before such data can be used as a continuous measure of immunisation delivery .", "one hundred and twenty-four randomly selected general practices visited to measure immunisation coverage using the various practice management systems ( pms ) in use .", "to capture all target children it was necessary to build two queries : one generated a list of all children aged between @ weeks and @ years who had been to the practice , regardless of enrollment status ; the other asked dates and nature of all immunisations given .", "each different pms required a unique query to extract the necessary information .", "variability encountered included different types and versions of pms and operating systems ; variable degree of staff technical competence with their pms ; proportion of enrolled children ranging from nearly @ to @ % ; lack of consistency of the nature and location of data entry and coding ; and unreliability of dates relating to some vaccination events .", "to improve recording of immunisation coverage we recommend a standard early age of registration and enrollment ; standard definitions of the denominator and of immunisation delay ; greater uniformity of pms ; improved staff training ; intrinsic data quality checks ; integration of pms with changes in the immunisation schedule ; incentives and interval electronic checks to improve data quality ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the impact of preoperative gabapentin on tramadol consumption using patient-controlled analgesia ( pca ) and postoperative pain was assessed in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy ( rrp ) .", "in this prospective , randomized trial , @ patients undergoing rrp were randomized into two groups : the gabapentin group received @ mg gabapentin orally @ h before surgery ; the control group did not receive gabapentin .", "postoperative analgesia was provided by tramadol pca .", "pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale for @ h , postoperatively .", "mean cumulative tramadol consumption at @ h was comparable in the two groups .", "pain scores at @ min , @ min and @ h postoperatively , and the number of patients who required rescue analgesia , were significantly lower in the gabapentin group than in the control group .", "side-effects were similar in the two groups .", "preoperative administration of @ mg gabapentin did not decrease tramadol consumption , but was associated with lower pain scores in the early postoperative phase and a reduced need for rescue analgesia , compared with controls , in patients undergoing rrp ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of cisatracurium ( @w@ ) and atracurium administered by continuous infusion to critically ill patients requiring neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate mechanical ventilation .", "open , randomized , multicenter study of patients receiving cisatracurium or atracurium infusion to facilitate mechanical ventilation .", "five university teaching hospital intensive care units in the united kingdom .", "sixty-one adult patients requiring neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate mechanical ventilation .", "bolus doses followed by continuous infusions of cisatracurium or atracurium were administered .", "onset , maintenance , and recovery of neuromuscular blockade were measured , using transcutaneous ulnar nerve stimulation and an accelerometer .", "forty patients received cisatracurium ( mean duration @ + / - @ [ sem ] hrs ) , and @ patients received atracurium ( mean duration @ + / - @ hrs ) .", "the infusion rate for patients receiving cisatracurium was @ + / - @ microg/kg/min , and for patients receiving atracurium @ + / - @ microg/kg/min .", "there were no significant differences in mean times to @ % recovery of train-of-four ratio ( cisatracurium @ mins , atracurium @ mins ) , although there was considerable interpatient variation ( @ to @ mins with cisatracurium vs. @ to @ mins with atracurium ) .", "one patient who received cisatracurium exhibited intermittent bronchospasm during and after the study period .", "cisatracurium , an isomer of atracurium , appears to be a suitable agent for providing muscle relaxation in critically ill patients ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy of standard medical therapy ( st ) and noninvasive mechanical ventilation additional to standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure ( harf ) .", "single center , prospective , randomized , controlled study .", "pulmonary medicine directed critical care unit in a university hospital .", "between march @ and november @ , @ harf patients were randomized to receive st or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ( nppv ) in addition to st.", "nppv was given with an air-cushioned face via a mechanical ventilator ( puritan bennett @ ) with initial setting of @ cm h@o continuous positive airway pressure and @ cm h@o pressure support .", "at the time of randomization , patients in the st group had ( mean + / - sd ) pao@ of @ + / -@ mm hg , paco@ of @ + / -@ mm hg , ph of @ + / -@ , and respiratory rate of @ + / -@ breaths/min .", "patients in the nppv group had pao@ of @ + / -@ , paco@ of @ + / -@ , ph of @ + / -@ , and respiratory rate of @ + / -@ breaths/min .", "with st , there was significant improvement of only respiratory rate ( p < @ ) .", "however , with nppv , pao@ ( p < @ ) , paco@ ( p < @ ) , ph ( p < @ ) , and respiratory rate ( p < @ ) improved significantly compared with baseline .", "six hours after randomization , ph ( p < @ ) and respiratory rate ( p < @ ) in nppv patients were significantly better than with st. hospital stay for nppv vs st patients was , respectively , @ + / -@ and @ + / -@ days ( p < @ ) .", "one patient in the nppv group required invasive mechanical ventilation .", "the conditions of six patients in the st group deteriorated and they were switched to nppv ; this was successful in four patients , two failures were invasively ventilated .", "this study suggests that early application of nppv in harf patients facilitates improvement , decreases need for invasive mechanical ventilation , and decreases the duration of hospitalization ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients with crohn 's disease ( cd ) often require surgery over their clinical course .", "however , endoscopic and clinical recurrence of disease appear respectively in up to @ % and @ % of patients after one year .", "thus , a prophylactic treatment is needed to reduce the possibility of recurrence .", "both azathioprine and infliximab have been demonstrated to be effective , but head to head studies have not been performed so far .", "aim of this open-label prospective study was to analyse endoscopic , histological and clinical recurrence after one year of treatment with azathioprine or infliximab as postoperative therapies in cd patients with `` high risk '' of recurrence .", "consecutive cd patients who underwent curative ileocolonic resection were randomized ( @:@ ) to receive infliximab ( standard induction and maintenance schedule ) or azathioprine ( @ mg/kg/day ) for @ year .", "co-primary endpoints were endoscopic , histological and clinical recurrence after @ months of therapy .", "twenty-two consecutive cd patients ( @ male ; median age @ years , iqr @-@ ) were enrolled after curative ileocolonic resection .", "eleven patients were treated with infliximab and @ received azathioprine .", "among patients treated with azathioprine , @/@ ( @ % ) had endoscopic recurrence compared to @/@ ( @ % ) in the infliximab group ( p = @ ) .", "eight out of @ ( @ % ) among those who received azathioprine had severe histological activity , whereas @/@ ( @ % ) in the infliximab group presented histological recurrence ( p = @ ) .", "no significant clinical differences were found between the two groups .", "infliximab was more effective than azathioprine in reducing histological , but not endoscopic and clinical recurrence after curative ileocolonic resection in `` high risk '' cd patients ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "immediate loading of osseointegrating implants shortens the treatment time and makes it possible to give the patient an esthetic appearance during the whole treatment period .", "a previous retrospective clinical study showed a success rate of @ % after @ year of immediate loading of fixed partial constructions in the maxilla supported by machined-surface implants .", "the recently introduced brnemark system tiunite ( nobel biocare ab , gothenburg , sweden ) surface has been shown to better maintain primary implant stability and to help achieve secondary stability earlier compared with the machined surface .", "the aim of the present study was to compare tiunite and machined-surfaced brnemark system implants when applying immediate loading of partial fixed bridges in the posterior mandible .", "forty-four patients were randomized for test and control therapy .", "in the test group , @ patients received @ brnemark system tiunite surface implants supporting @ fixed partial bridges , all of which were connected on the day of implant insertion .", "in the control group , @ patients received @ brnemark system machined-surface implants supporting @ fixed partial bridges , which also were connected on the day of implant insertion .", "all constructions were two - to four-unit bridges .", "bone quality and quantity were assessed .", "radiographic examinations were performed on the day of surgery/loading and at the @-year follow-up visit .", "three tiunite and eight machined-surface implants failed during the first @ weeks of loading .", "this resulted in a cumulative success rate of @ % for tiunite surface implants after @ year of prosthetic load in the posterior mandible .", "the corresponding cumulative success rate for machined-surface implants was @ % .", "when using the machined-surface implants , the number of failed implants was significantly higher in smokers and in bone quality @ sites .", "such findings were not seen with the use of tiunite implants , despite the fact that there were more smokers and more implants placed in bone quality @ in this group .", "the marginal bone resorption after @ year of loading was on average @ mm ( sd @ mm ) with the tiunite implants and @ mm ( sd @ mm ) with the machined implants .", "the present study demonstrated a @ % higher success rate following immediate loading of partial fixed bridges in the posterior mandible supported by tiunite surface implants compared with success with machined implants .", "when using the machined implants , the number of failed implants was significantly higher in smokers and in bone quality @ sites .", "such findings were not seen following the use of tiunite implants ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare intracameral levels and clinical efficacy of lidocaine @ % gel with lidocaine @ % unpreserved drops .", "double-blind , randomized , one-surgeon , controlled trial .", "one hundred seven consecutive cataract cases eligible for topical anesthesia .", "patients were randomly assigned to receive @ mg of lidocaine either as lidocaine @ % gel ( @ ml ) or as lidocaine @ % unpreserved eyedrops ( @ ml ) before clear corneal phacoemulsification .", "aqueous samples were taken to measure lidocaine intraocular levels .", "intraoperative pain was quantified a few minutes after surgery using a @ to @ visual analog scale .", "patients were asked to grade the degree to which they were bothered by tissue manipulation .", "the surgeon graded patients ' cooperation .", "the anesthesiologist recorded any increase in pulse or blood pressure and the need for supplemental topical anesthesia or intravenous sedation .", "duration of surgery and intraoperative complications were also recorded .", "in the gel group intracameral lidocaine levels were significantly higher ( p < @ ) and patient-reported intraoperative pain scores were significantly lower ( p = @ ) .", "patients in the gel group were bothered by tissue manipulation to a lesser extent ( p = @ ) , and their cooperation was better ( p = @ ) .", "increases in blood pressure were more frequent in the eyedrops group .", "supplemental anesthesia was required in two cases ( @ % ) in the gel group versus eight cases in the eyedrops group ( @ % ) .", "no correlation between intracameral lidocaine levels and intraoperative pain scores was found ( r = -@ , p = @ ) .", "if administered by means of gel , the same amount of lidocaine gives significantly higher intracameral levels of lidocaine , better analgesia , better patient cooperation , and less need for intraoperative supplemental anesthesia .", "lower pain scores do not correlate with intracameral lidocaine levels ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "psychosocial stress profoundly impacts long-term cardiovascular health through adverse effects on sympathetic nervous system activity , endothelial dysfunction , and atherosclerotic development .", "recreational music making ( rmm ) is a unique stress amelioration strategy encompassing group music-based activities that has great therapeutic potential for treating patients with stress-related cardiovascular disease .", "participants ( n = @ ) with a history of ischemic heart disease were subjected to an acute time-limited stressor , then randomized to rmm or quiet reading for one hour .", "peripheral blood gene expression using genechip human genome u@a @ arrays was assessed at baseline , following stress , and after the relaxation session .", "full gene set enrichment analysis identified @ molecular pathways differentially regulated ( p < @ ) during stress that function in immune response , cell mobility , and transcription .", "during relaxation , two pathways showed a significant change in expression in the control group , while @ pathways governing immune function and gene expression were modulated among rmm participants .", "only @ % ( @/@ ) of pathways showed differential expression during stress and relaxation .", "human stress and relaxation responses may be controlled by different molecular pathways .", "relaxation through active engagement in recreational music making may be more effective than quiet reading at altering gene expression and thus more clinically useful for stress amelioration ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the goal of this study was to determine whether azimilide , as compared with placebo , will reduce the number of emergency department ( ed ) visits and hospitalizations caused by arrhythmias or cardiac events in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( icd ) .", "patients with an icd may require ed visits and hospitalizations because of arrhythmias , which trigger icd therapies .", "the effect of adjunctive antiarrhythmic therapy on these outcomes is not known .", "a total of @ patients with an icd were randomized in the shield ( shock inhibition evaluation with azimilide ) trial , a blinded , placebo-controlled randomized trial of the investigational class iii antiarrhythmic azimilide ( @ and @ mg/day ) , and , prospectively , cardiac and arrhythmic ed visits and hospitalization data were collected over @ year .", "all patients had symptomatic sustained ventricular tachycardia ( @ % ) or ventricular fibrillation ( @ % ) before study entry .", "overall , @ % ( n = @ ) experienced at least @ cardiac ed visit or hospitalization .", "among @ patients assigned to placebo , @ % had at least @ arrhythmic-related ed visit or hospitalization compared with @ % of @ patients assigned to @-mg azimilide ( p < @ ) and @ % of @ patients assigned to @ mg azimilide ( p < @ ) .", "symptomatic ventricular tachycardia treated by antitachycardia pacing , shocks , and shocks plus symptomatic arrhythmias were significant predictors of cardiac-related ed visits or hospitalizations ( relative risk : @ , @ , and @ , respectively ) .", "in a stepwise logistic regression model , the presence of congestive heart failure ( new york heart association functional class ii/iii ) was the only additional independent predictor of cardiac ed visits or hospitalizations .", "azimilide significantly reduces the number of ed visits and hospitalizations in patients with an icd at high risk of arrhythmias ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "our aim was to test the hypothesis that acetylsalicylate ( aspirin ) treatment reduces the incidence or severity of pregnancy-associated hypertension .", "patients were nulliparous , healthy , and with a singleton gestation at between @ and @ weeks ' gestation .", "a sample size of @ patients was calculated on the basis of p < or = @ and @ % power of observation .", "a @-week placebo-controlled `` run-in '' was used to select compliant patients .", "randomization occurred at @ weeks , with @ mg of aspirin or placebo treatment from randomization to delivery .", "follow-up was maintained on @ % of the patients .", "the randomized patients had a @ % pill compliance index .", "at randomization , serum thromboxane medians were similar in both groups .", "thromboxane b@ levels in the aspirin group decreased significantly from baseline at @ to @ weeks , @ to @ weeks , and at delivery as compared with an overall increase in the placebo group .", "preeclampsia developed in five of @ women ( @ % ) who received aspirin versus @ of @ ( @ % ) who received the placebo ( p = @ ) .", "preeclampsia was severe in one aspirin and in six placebo recipients ( p = @ ) .", "daily ingestion of @ mg of aspirin beginning at @ weeks ' gestation significantly reduced the occurrence of preeclampsia ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the efficacy and safety of interferon-alpha ( ifn-alpha ) in children with hepatitis b e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis b virus infection .", "pubmed and chinese biomedical database were searched from the beginning of operation of the databases to april @ , and the references of eligible studies were manually screened .", "randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) published in the english and chinese literature comparing interferon-alpha with non-antiviral interventions ( placebo or no treatment ) in children with hepatitis b e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis b virus infection were eligible for inclusion .", "studies were included if patients were treated for at least @ months and followed-up for at least @ months after cessation of therapy .", "two investigators independently assessed the quality and extracted the data .", "the methodological quality of trails was assessed by the jadad-scale plus allocation concealment .", "heterogeneity was examined by chi-square test .", "fixed effects model or random effects model were used to pool the data .", "sensitivity analyses were used for the treatment course .", "ten randomized controlled studies with a total of @ children chronic hbv carriers who were positive for hepatitis b surface antigen ( hbsag ) and hepatitis b e antigen ( hbeag ) were identified .", "it was found by the meta-analysis that , compared with the control , at the end of the follow-up period , ifn-alpha could still significantly clear hbeag [ @ % vs. @ % , odds ratio ( or ) : @ , @ % ci ( @ , @ ) , p < @ @ ] , clear hbv-dna [ @ % vs. @ % , or : @ , @ % ci ( @ , @ ) , p < @ ] , clear hbsag [ @ % vs. @ % , or : @ , @ % ci ( @ , @ ) , p = @ ] , normalize alt [ @ % vs. @ % , or : @ , @ % ci ( @ , @ ) , p = @ ] , and achieve hbeag seroconversion [ @ % vs. @ % , or : @ , @ % ci ( @ , @ ) , p = @ ] , but was not effective in hbsag seroconversion [ @ % vs. @ , @ % ci ( @ , @ ) , p = @ ] .", "interferon-alpha might be efficacious in clearance of hbeag , hbv-dna and hbsag , normalization of alt , and achievement of hbeag seroconversion in children with chronic hepatitis b. little evidence is available on hbsag seroconversion .", "further rcts of high-quality and sufficient number of cases are needed for confirmation of the clinical efficacy of ifn-alpha in chronic hepatitis b in children ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "submassive pulmonary embolism ( pe ) has a low mortality rate but can degrade functional capacity .", "the present study aims to provide rationale , methodology , and initial findings of a multicentre , randomised trial of fibrinolysis for pe that used a composite end-point , including quality of life measures .", "this investigator-initiated study was funded by a contract between a corporate partner and the investigator 's hospital ( the prime site ) .", "the investigator was the food and drug administration ( fda ) sponsor .", "the prime site subcontracted , indemnified , and trained consortia members .", "consenting , normotensive patients with pe and right ventricular strain ( by echocardiography or biomarkers ) received low-molecular-weight heparin and random assignment to a single bolus of tenecteplase or placebo in double-blinded fashion .", "the outcomes were : ( i ) in-hospital rate of intubation , vasopressor support , and major haemorrhage , or ( ii ) at @ days , death , recurrent pe , or composite that defined poor quality of life ( echocardiography , @ min walk test and surveys ) .", "the planned sample size was n = @ .", "eight sites enrolled @ patients over @ years .", "the ratio of patients screened for each enrolled was @ to @ , equating to @ h screening time per patient enrolled .", "primary barrier to enrolment was the cost of screening .", "two patients died ( @ % , @ % ci [ @-@ % ] ) , one developed shock , but @ ( @ % , @ % ci : [ @-@ % ] ) had a poor quality of life .", "an investigator-initiated , fda-regulated , multicentre trial of fibrinolysis for submassive pe was conducted , but was limited by screening costs and a low mortality rate .", "quality of life measurements might represent a more important patient-centred end-point ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare in vivo bitewing film quality using the holder versus the paper loop technique .", "four bitewing films were taken from the right and left premolar and molar regions of @ dental students using both the bitewing holder and paper loop techniques .", "a total of @ films were taken and assessed by an experienced practitioner not apprised of the bitewing technique used .", "of interest were : ( @ ) the number of overlaps and the percentage of teeth showing the alveolar crest ; ( @ ) proper film positioning ; and ( @ ) the percentage of cone cutting .", "a poisson regression using generalized estimating equations ( gees ) was used to estimate the difference in overlap between the two techniques .", "for proper positioning and cone cutting , logistic regressions using gees were used .", "the average number of horizontal overlaps for the loop and holder techniques at the right premolar , right molar , left premolar , and left molar were @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ , @ , @ , @ , respectively .", "the loop technique was @ times more likely to cause overlapping than the holder technique .", "the highest percentage of teeth showing the alveolar crest by the loop technique was @ % in the mandibular second premolar and first molar .", "with respect to film positioning , the loop technique was @ times more likely to cause improper positioning than the holder technique .", "both techniques demonstrated minimal cone cutting ( @ in the loop versus @ in the holder ) .", "the quality of bitewing films taken by the loop and holder techniques was not significantly different ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate clinical efficacy and toxicity of low-dose oral natural human interferon-alpha ( nhuifn alpha ) on cd@ + lymphocyte counts and clinical symptoms in patients with hiv-@ infection .", "double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial with crossover .", "private practice specializing in the treatment of patients with aids .", "only patients with hiv-@ infection and cd@ + lymphocyte counts between @ and @ x @ ( @ ) / l were included for study .", "thirty out of thirty-one patients at study entry completed treatment with placebo , and @ completed nhuifn alpha treatment .", "mean patient age was @ years ( range , @-@ years ) .", "the @ patients included @ men , of whom @ were homosexual , and four women ; five were drug users and none were currently on zidovudine therapy , although three had been previously .", "patients were randomly assigned to cohorts of @ to receive either @ iu nhuifn alpha once daily orally absorbed or placebo with crossover after @ weeks .", "every @ weeks , a detailed history , physical examination , and laboratory tests , including cd@ + and cd@ + lymphocyte counts , were conducted .", "there was only a slight , transient increase in mean cd@ + lymphocyte counts after @ weeks of treatment with nhuifn alpha , compared with a slight decline when placebo was administered .", "this effect reached statistical significance in a subgroup of patients only and was not sustained after @ weeks .", "there were no significant changes in weight and clinical symptoms .", "all patients remained hiv-@-antibody-positive .", "treatment-related adverse reactions were not observed .", "our double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled clinical trial did not confirm a previous report of efficiency of oral nhuifn alpha .", "although non-toxic , our data do not justify the widespread use of low-dose oral nhuifn alpha in hiv-infected patients outside controlled clinical trials ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "blue-light light-emitting diode ( led ) therapy has become widely used for the treatment of inflammatory acne .", "in this study we evaluated the efficacy of a home use blue-light led application in improving lesions and shortening their time to clearance .", "this was an irb approved randomized self-control study .", "for each patient ( n = @ ) , @ similar lesions , one of each side of the face were chosen for treatment with either a blue-light led hand-held or sham device .", "treatments ( n = @ ) were conducted twice daily in the clinic and lesions were followed-up till resolution .", "reduction in blemishes size and erythema and the overall improvement were evaluated by both the physician and the patients .", "time to lesion resolution was recorded .", "there was a significant difference in the response of lesions to the blue-light led application as opposed to the placebo in terms of reduction in lesion size and lesion erythema as well as the improvement in the overall skin condition ( p < @ ) .", "signs of improvement were observed as early as post @ treatments .", "time to resolution was significantly shorter for the blue-light led therapy .", "the results support the effectiveness of using blue-light led therapy on a daily basis for better improvement and faster resolution of inflammatory acne lesions ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "few treatments are available for isolated pulmonary hypertension ( pht ) , which has a high morbidity and mortality .", "this trial was designed to assess the hemodynamic effects of bosentan , an endothelin receptor antagonist , in patients with pht , in which local overproduction of endothelin-@ ( et-@ ) is thought to play a pathogenic role .", "an open-label , dose-ranging study was performed in @ female patients with primary pht ( n = @ ) or isolated pht associated with limited scleroderma ( n = @ ) .", "infusions of @ , @ , and @ mg were administered at @-hour intervals , and the hemodynamic responses were measured .", "bosentan caused a dose-dependent fall in total pulmonary resistance ( -@ + / -@ % , p = @ ) and mean pulmonary artery pressure ( -@ + / -@ % , p > @ ) .", "however , there was also a fall in the systemic vascular resistance ( -@ + / -@ % , p < @ ) and mean arterial pressure ( -@ + / -@ % , p < @ ) .", "there was a slight increase in cardiac index ( @ + / -@ % , p > @ ) and a dose-dependent rise in et-@ but no significant change in other hemodynamic variables , gas exchange , or other vasoactive mediators .", "intravenous bosentan is a potent but nonselective pulmonary vasodilator at the doses tested , even in patients resistant to inhaled nitric oxide .", "transient increases in plasma et-@ were observed , consistent with a blockade of endothelial et ( b ) receptors .", "systemic hypotension and other significant events during the study indicate that its intravenous use in patients with severe pht may be limited .", "implications for future trial design and studies of chronic oral treatment are discussed ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the prophylactic administration of ondansetron plus droperidol , droperidol plus metoclopramide , and perphenazine to determine effects on postoperative nausea , vomiting , and sedation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy .", "prospective , randomized , double-blind study .", "university medical center .", "@ asa physical status i and ii adults presenting for laparoscopic cholecystectomy .", "patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three prophylactic antiemetic drug combinations : ondansetron @ mg plus droperidol @ mg ( group od ) , droperidol @ mg plus metoclopramide @ mg ( group dm ) , or perphenazine @ mg ( group p ) .", "study drugs were administered intravenously after induction of general anesthesia .", "the groups were similar with respect to gender , age , weight , duration of surgery , numbers of patients receiving intraoperative atropine or ephedrine , number admitted overnight , and time to discharge home .", "patients in group p used lower total doses of opioids than did patients in group od .", "there were no significant differences in postoperative nausea , pain , or sedation scores , in numbers of patients requiring antiemetics ( group od , @ of @ ; group dm , @ of @ ; group p , @ of @ ) , or in numbers of patients vomiting , either in hospital or during the first postoperative day .", "these three drug regimens are equivalent for antiemetic prophylaxis before laparoscopic cholecystectomy ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in prior studies , pregabalin reduced rectal or colonic pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy adults , suggesting reduction of afferent function .", "to assess effects of pregabalin on colonic compliance , sensory and motor functions in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome .", "in a pilot , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study , we tested oral pregabalin , @mg , in @ patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome .", "with a barostatically controlled polyethylene balloon in the left colon , we assessed sensation thresholds and colonic compliance using ascending method of limits , sensation ratings over @ levels of distension , fasting and postprandial colonic tone and phasic motility .", "analysis of covariance ( adjusted for the corresponding pre-drug response ) was used to compare placebo and pregabalin .", "after @ % participants completed studies , we conducted an interim analysis to assess the conditional power to detect pre-specified treatment effects given the observed variation and treatment group differences based on the planned sample size for the trial .", "pregabalin did not significantly affect colonic compliance , sensation thresholds , sensation ratings , fasting or postprandial tone or motility index .", "the study was stopped for futility to detect an effect on visceral pain with the planned design and sample size .", "pregabalin , @mg , might not reduce distension-related colonic pain in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "topical corticosteroids , commonly used for psoriasis , show diminished response on continuous use .", "we tested efficacy of topical corticosteroid and calcipotriene used on alternate weeks versus daily corticosteroid in patients with psoriasis .", "in a randomized , observer-blind design , the experimental group of @ patients with stable plaque psoriasis received augmented betamethasone dipropionate @ % cream once daily in the first and third weeks and calcipotriene @ % ointment twice daily in the second and fourth weeks .", "the control group of @ patients received augmented betamethasone once daily for @ weeks .", "the experimental regimen was more effective than the control regimen as evidenced by ( @ ) more patients with at least a @ % reduction in psoriasis area and severity index ( pasi ) score ( difference @ % , @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @ % -@ % , p < .", "@ ) , ( @ ) lower pasi after @ weeks ( p < or = @ ) , and ( @ ) greater percentage reduction in pasi after @ and @ weeks ( difference @ % [ ci , @ % -@ % ] and @ % [ @ % -@ % ] , respectively ; p < @ ) .", "the study had power of @ % .", "no patient had skin irritation .", "use of augmented betamethasone and calcipotriene on alternate weeks is more effective than daily corticosteroid and represents a novel strategy for treating psoriasis ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "ghrelin stimulates gh secretion and regulates energy and glucose metabolism .", "the two circulating isoforms , acyl ( ag ) and des-acyl ( dag ) ghrelin , have distinct metabolic effects and are under active investigation for their therapeutic potentials .", "however , there is only limited data on the pharmacokinetics of ag and dag .", "to evaluate key pharmacokinetic parameters of ag , dag , and total ghrelin in healthy men and women .", "in study @ , ag ( @ , @ , and @ g/kg per h ) was infused over @ min in @ healthy ( @ f/@ m ) subjects in randomized order .", "in study @ , ag ( @ g/kg per h ) , dag ( @ g/kg per h ) , or both were infused over @ min in ten healthy individuals ( @ f/@ m ) .", "plasma ag and dag were measured using specific two-site elisas ( study @ and @ ) , and total ghrelin with a commercial ria ( study @ ) .", "pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis .", "after the @ , @ , and @ g/kg per h doses of ag , there was a dose-dependent increase in the maximum concentration ( c ( max ) ) and area under the curve ( auc ( @-last ) ) of ag and total ghrelin .", "among the different ag doses , there was no difference in the elimination half-life , systemic clearance ( cl ) , and volume of distribution .", "dag had decreased cl relative to ag .", "the plasma dag : ag ratio was ~ @:@ during steady-state infusion of ag .", "infusion of ag caused an increase in dag , but dag administration did not change plasma ag .", "ghrelin administration did not affect plasma acylase activity .", "the pharmacokinetics of ag and total ghrelin appears to be linear and proportional in the dose range tested .", "ag and dag have very distinct metabolic fates in the circulation .", "there is deacylation of ag in the plasma but no evidence of acylation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "chest physiotherapy ( cpt ) is an integral part of the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis ( cf ) .", "cpt imposes additional respiratory work that may carry a risk of respiratory muscle fatigue .", "inspiratory pressure support ventilation ( psv ) is a new mode of ventilatory assistance designed to maintain a constant preset positive airway pressure during spontaneous inspiration with the goal of decreasing the patient 's inspiratory work .", "the aim of our study was @ ) to evaluate respiratory muscle fatigue and oxygen desaturation during cpt and @ ) to determine whether noninvasive psv can relieve these potential adverse effects of cpt .", "sixteen cf patients in stable condition with a mean age of @ + / - @ years participated to the study .", "for cpt , we used the forced expiratory technique ( fet ) , which consisted of one or more slow active expirations starting near the total lung capacity ( tlc ) and ending near the residual volume .", "after each expiration , the child was asked to perform a slow , nonmaximal , diaphragmatic inspiration .", "after one to four forced breathing cycles , the child was asked to cough and to expectorate .", "a typical @-minute cpt session consisted of @ to @ fet maneuvers separated by rest periods of @ to @ breathing cycles each .", "during the study , each patient received two cpt sessions in random order on two different days , at the same time of day , with the same physiotherapist .", "during one of these two sessions , psv was provided throughout the session ( psv session ) via a nasal mask using the pressure support generator arm@ designed for acute patients ( taema , antony , france ) .", "the control session was performed with no nasal mask or psv .", "both cpt sessions were performed without supplemental oxygen .", "lung function and maximal inspiratory pressures ( pimax ) and expiratory pressures ( pemax ) were recorded before and after each cpt session .", "mean lung function parameters were comparable before the psv and the control sessions .", "baseline pulse oximetry ( spo@ ) was significantly correlated with the baseline vital capacity ( % predicted ) and forced expiratory volume in @ second ( fev@ ) ( % predicted ) .", "psv was associated with an increase in tidal volume ( vt ) from @ + / - @ liters to @ + / - @ liters .", "respiratory rate was significantly lower during psv .", "spo@ between the fet maneuvers was significantly higher during psv as compared with the control session .", "spo@ decreases after fet were significantly larger during the control session ( nadir : @ + / - @ % ) than during the psv session ( @ + / - @ % ) .", "maximal pressures decreased during the control session ( from @ + / - @ to @ + / - @ cmh@o , and from @ + / - @ to @ + / - @ cmh@o , for pimax and pemax , respectively ) and increased during the psv session ( from @ + / - @ to @ + / - @ cmh@o , and from @ + / - @ to @ + / - @ cmh@o , for pimax and pemax , respectively ) .", "the decrease in pemax was significantly correlated with the severity of bronchial obstruction as evaluated based on baseline fev@ ( % predicted ) .", "forced expiratory flows did not change after either cpt session .", "the amount of sputum expectorated was similar for the two cpt sessions ( @ + / - @ g vs @ + / - @ g after the control and psv session , respectively ; ns ) .", "fifteen patients felt less tired after the psv session .", "ten patients reported that expectoration was easier with psv , whereas @ did not note any difference ; @ patients did not expectorate .", "nine patients expressed a marked and @ a small preference for psv , and @ patients had no preference .", "the physiotherapists found it easier to perform cpt with psv in @ patients and did not perceive any difference in @ patients .", "our study in cf children shows that respiratory muscle performance , as evaluated based on various parameters , decreased after cpt and that significant falls in oxygen saturation occurred after the fet maneuvers despite the quiet breathing periods between each fet cycle .", "these unwanted effects of cpt were" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "comparing efficacy and safety of ibutilide vs. transoesophageal atrial pacing ( atp ) for the termination of type i atrial flutter ( afl ) .", "eighty-seven patients affected by afl lasting between @ h and @ days were randomized in two groups : group @-i.v. ibutilide treatment , up to @ mg , and group @-atp , with `` burst '' and `` ramp '' pacing protocols .", "sinus rhythm was restored in @/@ ( @ % ) patients in group @ vs. @/@ ( @ % ) in group @ ( p < @ ) .", "in group @ , mean afl duration was @ + / - @ days in responders vs. @ + / - @ in non-responders ( p = ns ) , while in group @ it was @ + / - @ vs. @ + / - @ days ( responders vs. non-responders , respectively , p < @ ) ; @/@ ( @ % ) responders in group @ had afl > @ h vs. @/@ ( @ % ) responders in group @ ( p < @ ) .", "non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia occurred in @ patients in group @ vs. none in group @ ( p = ns ) .", "it did not require any specific treatment except the interruption of ibutilide infusion .", "both ibutilide and atp proved to be safe and effective for recent onset type i afl termination , but ibutilide was more effective when the arrhythmia had lasted longer than @ h." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study aimed to describe the short-term effects of low-intensity laser treatment in eyes with drusen at risk of having choroidal neovascularization ( cnv ) develop secondary to age-related macular degeneration .", "the study design was a multicentered , randomized clinical trial of laser treatment versus observation .", "one hundred fifty-six patients without exudative age-related macular degeneration and with more than @ large ( > @ microns ) drusen in each eye were enrolled in the bilateral drusen study .", "one hundred twenty patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration in @ eye and more than @ large drusen in the other eye were enrolled in the fellow eye study .", "the treatment protocol for most ( @ % ) of the eyes consisted of @ laser burns , @ microns in diameter , in a pattern of @ rows placed between the @ - and @-o'clock positions beyond the temporal perimeter of the foveal avascular zone .", "the desired intensity of the burns was a gray-white lesion .", "whenever the area of drusen had not been reduced by @ % or more at @ months , a second treatment was applied nasal to the fovea in a mirror image of the first treatment .", "during the last @ months of enrollment , a second laser treatment protocol was adopted that specified @ laser burns , @ microns in diameter , in a circular pattern of @ rows surrounding the macular drusen .", "change in visual acuity is the primary outcome measure .", "incidence of cnv , change in contrast threshold , and change in critical print size are secondary outcome measures .", "in the bilateral drusen study , cnv developed in @ of @ treated eyes and in @ of @ observed eyes ( p = @ ) ; in the fellow eye study , the proportions are @/@ treated eyes and @/@ observed eyes ( p = @ ) .", "changes in visual acuity are similar in treated and observed eyes in the bilateral drusen study through @ months .", "however , by @ months , observed eyes in the fellow eye study have lost more visual acuity than treated eyes ( p = @ ) .", "changes in contrast threshold are similar in treated and observed eyes in each study .", "laser treatment to high-risk fellow eyes may increase the short-term incidence of cnv .", "long-term effects in fellow eyes and effects in patients with bilateral drusen require additional observation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this trial was to compare the effectiveness of intraarticular injection of highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid ( ha ) with intraarticular injection of gaseous oxygen ( o @ ) in patients with clinical symptoms of cartilage damage in the knee .", "based on arthroscopically verified diagnosis , @ patients were randomised and treated prospectively either with ha or o @ .", "the treatment was completed with an exercise program .", "the follow up was one year .", "@ patients ( @ x ha , @ x o @ ) were statistically calculated with the wilcoxon-test according to the results of the lysholm-score , the tegner-activity-index , the womac-score for pain , stiffness , function and the vas for pain in rest and under strain .", "both treatments were able to attain a statistically significant reduction of pain ( vas in rest and under strain , womac part a ) , a reduction of joint stiffness ( womac part b ) and improvement of joint function ( womac part c , lysholm-score ) during the follow up of one year .", "the tegner-activity-index showed no significant change under both treatments .", "the comparison of both treatments showed differences in vas under strain ( p = @ ) , the lysholm-score ( p = @ ) , womac part a ( p = @ ) and part c ( p = @ ) .", "as a result ha showed significant better improvements with the vas and lysholm-score and oxygen showed significant better changes in the womac-score part a and c.", "the results with cartilage damage @ degrees were the same as in the total ( vas strain : p = @ for o @ , lysholm-score : p = @ for ha , womac part a : p = @ for ha , womac part c : p = @ for o @ ) .", "the results with cartilage damage @ degrees showed significant differences in reduction of joint stiffness ( womac part b : p = @ ) for o @ .", "for cartilage damage @ degrees ha showed significant reduction of pain ( vas rest : p = @ , vas strain : p = @ ) and o @ significant reduction of pain and function ( womac part a : p = @ , part c : p = @ ) .", "both methods are suitable to improve significantly the discomfort due one year to osteoarthritis .", "the pain relief by ha and the improvement of joint function by o @ treatment have been shown for higher degrees of cartilage damage ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the safety and tolerability of adjunctive brivaracetam ( brv ) , a high-affinity synaptic vesicle protein @a ( sv@a ) ligand , in adults with uncontrolled epilepsy .", "efficacy was also assessed in patients with focal seizures as a secondary objective , and explored by descriptive analysis in patients with generalized seizures .", "this was a phase iii , randomized , double-blind , placebo ( pbo ) - controlled flexible dose trial ( n@/nct@ ) in adults ( @-@ years ) with uncontrolled epilepsy ( up to @ % could be patients with generalized epilepsy ) .", "after a prospective @-week baseline , patients were randomized ( @:@ ) to b.i.d. brv or pbo , initiated at @ mg/day and increased , as needed , to @ mg/day during an @-week dose-finding period .", "this was followed by an @-week stable-dose maintenance period .", "the treatment period comprised the dose-finding period plus the maintenance period ( @ weeks ) .", "a total of @ patients were randomized ( brv @ , pbo @ ) ; of these , @ had focal epilepsy and @ had generalized epilepsy .", "ninety percent brv - and @ % pbo-treated patients completed the study .", "similar proportions of patients ( brv @ % , pbo @ % ) reported adverse events ( aes ) during the treatment period .", "aes led to treatment discontinuation in @ % and @ % of brv - and pbo-treated patients , respectively .", "the incidence of aes declined from the dose-finding ( brv @ % , pbo @ % ) to the maintenance ( brv @ % , pbo @ % ) period .", "the most frequent aes during the treatment period were headache ( brv @ % vs. pbo @ % ) , somnolence ( brv @ % vs. pbo @ % ) , and dizziness ( brv @ % vs. pbo @ % ) .", "the incidence of psychiatric aes was similar for brv and pbo ( brv @ % , pbo @ % ) .", "in patients with focal seizures , the baseline-adjusted percent reduction in seizure frequency/week in the brv group ( n = @ ) over pbo ( n = @ ) was @ % ( p = @ ) during the treatment period .", "the median percent reduction in baseline-adjusted seizure frequency/week was @ % brv versus @ % pbo ( p = @ ) , and the @ % responder rate was @ % brv versus @ % pbo ( p = @ ) .", "in patients with generalized seizures only , the number of seizure days/week decreased from @ at baseline to @ during the treatment period in brv-treated patients ( n = @ ) , and from @ at baseline to @ during the treatment period in pbo-treated patients ( n = @ ) .", "the median percent reduction from baseline in generalized seizure days/week was @ % versus @ % , and the @ % responder rate was @ % versus @ % in brv-treated and pbo-treated patients , respectively .", "adjunctive brv given at individualized tailored doses ( @-@ mg/day ) was well tolerated in adults with uncontrolled epilepsy , and our results provided support for further evaluation of efficacy in reducing focal and generalized seizures ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "whether continuous renal replacement therapy is better than intermittent haemodialysis for the treatment of acute renal failure in critically ill patients is controversial .", "in this study , we compare the effect of intermittent haemodialysis and continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration on survival rates in critically ill patients with acute renal failure as part of multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome .", "our prospective , randomised , multicentre study took place between oct @ , @ , and march @ , @ , in @ medical or multidisciplinary intensive-care units from university or community hospitals in france .", "guidelines were provided to achieve optimum haemodynamic tolerance and effectiveness of solute removal in both groups .", "the two groups were treated with the same polymer membrane and bicarbonate-based buffer .", "@ patients were randomised , and the primary endpoint was @-day survival based on an intention-to-treat analysis .", "rate of survival at @-days did not differ between the groups ( @ % in the intermittent haemodialysis group versus @ % in the continuous renal replacement therapy group [ @ % ci -@ to @ , ] ) , or at any other time .", "these data suggest that , provided strict guidelines to improve tolerance and metabolic control are used , almost all patients with acute renal failure as part of multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome can be treated with intermittent haemodialysis ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study clinically evaluates the @-year results of connective tissue graft ( ctg ) and guided tissue regeneration ( gtr ) therapies using bioabsorbable barriers for root coverage ( i.e. , the reduction of recession depth ) .", "in @ patients , @ miller class i and ii recessions were treated .", "recession defects received a ctg or gtr by random assignment .", "at baseline ( immediately prior to surgery ) and @ and @ + / - @ months after surgery , clinical parameters were obtained .", "nine patients , who contributed @ recession defects , were available for re-examination at @ + / - @ months .", "six and @ + / - @ months after receiving a ctg , statistically significant ( p < @ ) root coverage was observed compared to baseline root coverage ( @ months : @ + / - @ mm ; @ + / - @ months : @ + / - @ mm ) .", "the gtr therapy resulted in statistically significant root coverage compared to baseline root coverage only after @ months ( @ + / - @ mm ; p < @ ) .", "both groups experienced a statistically significant loss of coverage from @ to @ + / - @ months ( ctg : -@ + / - @ mm ; gtr : -@ + / - @ mm ) .", "at @ + / - @ months after ctg surgery , the stability of root coverage was statistically significantly better than @ + / - @ months after gtr surgery ( p = @ ) .", "the ctg caused more post-surgical discomfort ( p < @ ) , but it resulted in a better treatment outcome ( p < @ ) than gtr as perceived by patients .", "the long-term stability of root coverage ( i.e. , the reduction of recession depth ) and esthetic results perceived by patients were significantly better @ years after ctg surgery , statistically , than after gtr surgery using bioabsorbable barriers ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the quality of real-time sonographic images obtained from the examinations using two different sound media , ultrasound gel and olive oil .", "a randomized controlled trial was conducted on the study population recruited from the routine ultrasound service with written informed consent .", "each patient underwent scan using both ultrasound gel and olive oil as sound media , but only one media at a time .", "during each patient examination , the first type of sound media was randomly used and then followed by the other media .", "the sonographic images of the same plane were recorded as video clips for each type of sound media .", "the quality of images were blindly evaluated by one experienced sonographer and the quality of ultrasound images was rated as @ ( very poor ) , @ ( poor ) , @ ( fair ) , and @ ( good ) , respectively .", "of @ cases ( @ video clips ) , the image quality scores in ultrasound gel group and olive oil group were poor , fair , and good quality in @ , @ , and @ and @ , @ , and @ cases , respectively .", "the difference of quality scores between both groups was not statistically significant .", "( chi square test ; p = @ ) .", "the quality of images obtained from the scan using olive oil is similar to that using ultrasound gel .", "therefore , the olive oil may be used as alternative sound media for ultrasound examination .", "furthermore , it could possibly be a preferred media because of its lower cost , pleasant smell , and it facility of cleaning ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "because the source of protein may play a role in its satiating effect , we investigated the effect of different proteins on satiation and short-term satiety .", "two randomized single-blind cross-over studies were completed .", "in the first study , we investigated the effect of a preload containing @ g of casein , whey , pea protein , egg albumin or maltodextrin vs. water control on food intake @ min later in @ male volunteers ( @ @ yrs , bmi @ @ kg/m ( @ ) ) .", "subjective appetite was assessed using visual analogue scales at @ min intervals after the preload .", "capillary blood glucose was measured every @ min during @ hrs before and after the ad libitum meal .", "in the second study , we compared the effect of @ g of casein , pea protein or whey vs. water control on satiation in @ male volunteers ( @ @ yrs , bmi @ @ kg/m ( @ ) ) .", "the preload was consumed as a starter during an ad libitum meal and food intake was measured .", "the preloads in both studies were in the form of a beverage .", "in the first study , food intake was significantly lower only after casein and pea protein compared to water control ( p = @ ; @ respectively ) .", "caloric compensation was @ , @ , @ , @ and @ % after casein , pea protein , whey , albumin and maltodextrin , respectively .", "feelings of satiety were significantly higher after casein and pea protein compared to other preloads ( p < @ ) .", "blood glucose response to the meal was significantly lower when whey protein was consumed as a preload compared to other groups ( p < @ ) .", "in the second study , results showed no difference between preloads on ad libitum intake .", "total intake was significantly higher after caloric preloads compared to water control ( p < @ ) .", "casein and pea protein showed a stronger effect on food intake compared to whey when consumed as a preload .", "however , consuming the protein preload as a starter of a meal decreased its impact on food intake as opposed to consuming it @ min before the meal ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "irregularity measures have been suggested as risk indicators in patients with atrial fibrillation ( af ) ; however , it is not known to what extent they are affected by commonly used rate-control drugs .", "we aimed at evaluating the effect of metoprolol , carvedilol , diltiazem , and verapamil on the variability and irregularity of the ventricular response in patients with permanent af .", "sixty patients with permanent af were part of an investigator-blind cross-over study , comparing @ rate-control drugs ( diltiazem , verapamil , metoprolol , and carvedilol ) .", "we analyzed five @-minute segments per patient : baseline and the @ drug regimens .", "on every segment , heart rate ( hr ) variability and irregularity of rr series were computed .", "the variability was assessed as standard deviation , pnn@ , pnn@ , pnn@ , and rmssd .", "the irregularity was assessed by regularity index , approximate ( apen ) , and sample entropy .", "a significantly lower hr was obtained with all drugs , the hr was lowest using the calcium channel blockers .", "all drugs increased the variability of ventricular response in respect to baseline ( as an example , rmssd : baseline @ @ milliseconds , carvedilol @ @ milliseconds ; p < @ vs. baseline , metoprolol @ @ milliseconds ; p < @ vs. baseline , verapamil @ @ ; p < @ vs. baseline , diltiazem @ @ milliseconds ; p < @ vs. baseline and all other drugs ) .", "only - blockers significantly increased the irregularity of the rr series ( as an example , apen : baseline @ @ , carvedilol @ @ ; p < @ vs. baseline , metoprolol @ @ ; p < @ vs. baseline , verapamil @ @ ns , diltiazem @ @ ns ) .", "modification of av node conduction by rate-control drugs increase rr variability , while only - blockers affect irregularity ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS" ]

[ "internal medicine residents must be competent in advanced cardiac life support ( acls ) for board certification .", "the purpose was to use a medical simulator to assess baseline proficiency in acls and determine the impact of an intervention on skill development .", "this was a randomized trial with wait-list controls .", "after baseline evaluation in all residents , the intervention group received @ education sessions using a medical simulator .", "all residents were then retested .", "after crossover , the wait-list group received the intervention , and residents were tested again .", "performance was assessed by comparison to american heart association guidelines for treatment of acls conditions with interrater and internal consistency reliability estimates .", "performance improved significantly after simulator training .", "no improvement was detected as a function of clinical experience alone .", "the educational program was rated highly ." ]