msu-ceco/aec_v1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 0 1.09k
Although tensiometers indicate when you should begin to irrigate, they do not indicate how much water you should apply.
Missouri irrigation scheduling charts
MU Extension centers can provide irrigation scheduling charts for soybeans and other crops.
A computer develops a customized chart for each field depending on crop, soil type, planting date, variety , location in the state, and any moisture deficit at planting time.
Use this chart to develop an irrigation schedule
The chart projects the cumulative minimum and maximum amounts of water you should provide to optimize crop yield, assuming average weather conditions for the site.
You use the scheduling chart to maintain the total water added during the season between the minimum and maximum water needs.
Usually, a 1to 2-inch range exists between the minimum and maximum cumulative totals of needed water application, depending on the available water holding capacity of the soil.
Thus the chart is well suited for sprinkler irrigation because sprinklers usually apply less than 2 inches of water per application.
A planned linear depletion of two-thirds of the total soil moisture storage by crop maturity is planned with a starting date of June 1, at which time the profile is assumed full.
For years when temperatures exceed the normal, you can modify charts to account for increased evapotranspiration.
The charts should minimize irrigation operating costs and water use and reduce runoff and leaching.
Plant response to timing of irrigation
If you can irrigate only once during the growing season, do so during the late pod development to early seed-filling period if soil moisture levels are low.
This timing maximizes seed yield and seed size and minimizes lodging problems and maturity delays.
A detailed study of irrigation timing with indeterminate soybeans was conducted in Nebraska.
Irrigation was applied in single applications and in split applications.
Researchers evaluated plants and their responses in height, lodging, and yield.
Plant height and, in turn, lodging increased the most by multiple applications of water.
The addition of water allowed the plants to prolong their vegetative growth, thereby increasing plant height.
Delays in maturity were progressively longer as the frequency of irrigation application increased.
The greatest maturity delay, however, was six days, which is unlikely to cause crop loss from early frost.
Figures 3 through 8.
These charts show the response of various soybean plant and seed characteristics to timing of irrigation application.
Figure 3 shows plant height; 4, lodging; 5, maturity; 6, seed yield; 7, seeds per plant; and 8, 100-seed weight..
Several irrigation treatments produced comparable yield.
Irrigating at flowering did not result in optimum water use.
At flowering, soybeans use water to produce flowers which they usually abort.
They don't use the water to fill the beans.
In the Bootheel where determinate varieties are grown, however, adequate water during flowering is important because of the shorter duration of this initial reproductive period.
Seeds per plant were greatly enhanced with all irrigation treatments.
However, the greater numbers of seeds did not result in higher yields for some treatments.
This component of yield indicates irrigation promotes the retention of pods and perhaps increases the number of seeds per pod compared to a nonirrigated situation.
The recommendation to irrigate during late pod development and early seed filling is largely based on its impact on seed size.
Seed sizes resulting from irrigation during seed-filling were clearly superior to those achieved when water was supplied at other times during reproductive development.
This occurs because of the plant's enhanced ability to completely fill the seeds with photosynthetic products.
When attempting to maximize yields under irrigation, consider four factors.
Because lodging is frequently a problem, you should select genetically lodging resistant varieties.
In the north, the new determinate semi-dwarf varieties are useful for high-yielding environments, such as those that exist under irrigation where lodging is a severe problem.
Second, consider reducing plant populations by 10 to 15 percent.
This allows the plants to develop more branches and sturdier stems which reduces lodging.
Again, the goal is to reduce yield losses associated with down plants at harvest.
Less seed also reduces seed cost per acre.
Third, because yields are higher with irrigation, the soil needs more fertilizer to accommodate the greater demands plants make on it.
On average, increase fertility to about 20 percent more than the amount you would apply under nonirrigated conditions.
You can get more specific recommendations by matching soil test results to yield goals.
Finally, monitor soybeans closely.
Irrigation provides a better growing environment not only for soybeans but for weeds, insects, and some diseases as well.
Research at the MU indicates that when soybeans have adequate water, little if any yield loss occurs as long as the tops of the weeds are shorter than the tops of the soybeans.
Insects may increase because of the lush vegetation that develops.
However, these insects normally cannot keep up with the rapid growth of the plant.
By adequately watering plants, you can greatly reduce the number of insects like grasshoppers and spider mites, which are severe pests in dry years.
Root rots and leaf diseases may increase if soybeans receive too much water, particularly early.
However, the effects of many soybean diseases are abated because irrigated plants are healthier.
Increased input costs for irrigation necessitate the need for careful monitoring and management if you are to realize positive net returns.
The popcorn competition will be small, with 12 teams this first year.
The popcorn plots will be planted under the Zimmatic pivot at the West Central Research, Extension and Education Center in North Platte, Nebraska.
Participants will decide on their hybrid, planting population, irrigation and nitrogen amounts and timing, insecticide and fungicide management, crop insurance and marketing.
This new competition is made possible by the partnership with Zangger Popcorn Hybrids, based in North Loup, Nebraska.

Although tensiometers indicate when you should begin to irrigate, they do not indicate how much water you should apply.

Missouri irrigation scheduling charts

MU Extension centers can provide irrigation scheduling charts for soybeans and other crops.

A computer develops a customized chart for each field depending on crop, soil type, planting date, variety , location in the state, and any moisture deficit at planting time.

Use this chart to develop an irrigation schedule

The chart projects the cumulative minimum and maximum amounts of water you should provide to optimize crop yield, assuming average weather conditions for the site.

You use the scheduling chart to maintain the total water added during the season between the minimum and maximum water needs.

Usually, a 1to 2-inch range exists between the minimum and maximum cumulative totals of needed water application, depending on the available water holding capacity of the soil.

Thus the chart is well suited for sprinkler irrigation because sprinklers usually apply less than 2 inches of water per application.

A planned linear depletion of two-thirds of the total soil moisture storage by crop maturity is planned with a starting date of June 1, at which time the profile is assumed full.

For years when temperatures exceed the normal, you can modify charts to account for increased evapotranspiration.

The charts should minimize irrigation operating costs and water use and reduce runoff and leaching.

Plant response to timing of irrigation

If you can irrigate only once during the growing season, do so during the late pod development to early seed-filling period if soil moisture levels are low.

This timing maximizes seed yield and seed size and minimizes lodging problems and maturity delays.

A detailed study of irrigation timing with indeterminate soybeans was conducted in Nebraska.

Irrigation was applied in single applications and in split applications.

Researchers evaluated plants and their responses in height, lodging, and yield.

Plant height and, in turn, lodging increased the most by multiple applications of water.

The addition of water allowed the plants to prolong their vegetative growth, thereby increasing plant height.

Delays in maturity were progressively longer as the frequency of irrigation application increased.

The greatest maturity delay, however, was six days, which is unlikely to cause crop loss from early frost.

Figures 3 through 8.

These charts show the response of various soybean plant and seed characteristics to timing of irrigation application.

Figure 3 shows plant height; 4, lodging; 5, maturity; 6, seed yield; 7, seeds per plant; and 8, 100-seed weight..

Several irrigation treatments produced comparable yield.

Irrigating at flowering did not result in optimum water use.

At flowering, soybeans use water to produce flowers which they usually abort.

They don't use the water to fill the beans.

In the Bootheel where determinate varieties are grown, however, adequate water during flowering is important because of the shorter duration of this initial reproductive period.

Seeds per plant were greatly enhanced with all irrigation treatments.

However, the greater numbers of seeds did not result in higher yields for some treatments.

This component of yield indicates irrigation promotes the retention of pods and perhaps increases the number of seeds per pod compared to a nonirrigated situation.

The recommendation to irrigate during late pod development and early seed filling is largely based on its impact on seed size.

Seed sizes resulting from irrigation during seed-filling were clearly superior to those achieved when water was supplied at other times during reproductive development.

This occurs because of the plant's enhanced ability to completely fill the seeds with photosynthetic products.

When attempting to maximize yields under irrigation, consider four factors.

Because lodging is frequently a problem, you should select genetically lodging resistant varieties.

In the north, the new determinate semi-dwarf varieties are useful for high-yielding environments, such as those that exist under irrigation where lodging is a severe problem.

Second, consider reducing plant populations by 10 to 15 percent.

This allows the plants to develop more branches and sturdier stems which reduces lodging.

Again, the goal is to reduce yield losses associated with down plants at harvest.

Less seed also reduces seed cost per acre.

Third, because yields are higher with irrigation, the soil needs more fertilizer to accommodate the greater demands plants make on it.

On average, increase fertility to about 20 percent more than the amount you would apply under nonirrigated conditions.

You can get more specific recommendations by matching soil test results to yield goals.

Finally, monitor soybeans closely.

Irrigation provides a better growing environment not only for soybeans but for weeds, insects, and some diseases as well.

Research at the MU indicates that when soybeans have adequate water, little if any yield loss occurs as long as the tops of the weeds are shorter than the tops of the soybeans.

Insects may increase because of the lush vegetation that develops.

However, these insects normally cannot keep up with the rapid growth of the plant.

By adequately watering plants, you can greatly reduce the number of insects like grasshoppers and spider mites, which are severe pests in dry years.

Root rots and leaf diseases may increase if soybeans receive too much water, particularly early.

However, the effects of many soybean diseases are abated because irrigated plants are healthier.

Increased input costs for irrigation necessitate the need for careful monitoring and management if you are to realize positive net returns.

The popcorn competition will be small, with 12 teams this first year.

The popcorn plots will be planted under the Zimmatic pivot at the West Central Research, Extension and Education Center in North Platte, Nebraska.

Participants will decide on their hybrid, planting population, irrigation and nitrogen amounts and timing, insecticide and fungicide management, crop insurance and marketing.

This new competition is made possible by the partnership with Zangger Popcorn Hybrids, based in North Loup, Nebraska.