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management intervention for healthy individuals a systematic review Journal of Evidence
Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Gotink R A Chu P
Busschbach J J Benson H Fricchione G L Hunink M G Standardised
mindfulnessbased interventions in healthcare An overview of systematic reviews and
metaanalyses of RCTs PLOS ONE e
Foy MR Kim J J Shors T J Thompson R F Neurobiological foundations
of stress In S Yehuda D Mostofsky Eds Nutrients stress and medical disorders
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prefrontal processing and attentional control Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Sapolsky R M Stress and plasticity in the limbic system
Neurochemical Research
Reser J E Chronic stress cortical plasticity and neuroecology
Behavioral Processes
PROGRAM PEACE Self Care Exercises to Reprogram Your Mind and Body
Sapolsky R M The influence of social hierarchy on primate health Science
Roozendaal B McEwen B S Chattarji S Stress memory and the amygdala
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Cohen S JanickiDeverts D Miller G E Psychological stress and disease
JAMA
LeDoux J The emotional brain The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life
Simon and Schuster
Reser J Schizophrenia and phenotypic plasticity Schizophrenia may represent a
predicitive adaptive response to severe environmental adversity that allows both bioenergetic
thrift and a defensive behavioral strategy Medical Hypotheses Reser J E
Chronic stress cortical plasticity and neuroecology Behavioral Processes
Day J J Carelli R M The nucleus accumbens and Pavlovian reward learning
Neuroscientist Martinowich K Lu B Interaction between BDNF and
serotonin Role in mood disorders Neuropsychopharmacology
Haglund M E M Nestadt P S Cooper N S Southwick S M Charney D S
Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience Relevance to prevention and treatment of stress
related psychopathology Development and Psychopathology Kandel E R
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emotion Cognition and Emotion
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Seamans J K Robbins T W Dopamine modulation of the prefrontal cortex and
cognitive function In K Neve Ed The Dopamine Receptors pp Humana Press
Ecker B Ticic R Hulley L Unlocking the emotional brain Eliminating symptoms
at their roots using memory reconsolidation Routledge
Chapter Think Peacefully
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Reconsolidation as a link between cognitive and neuroscientific memory research traditions
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Psychological Science
PROGRAM PEACE Self Care Exercises to Reprogram Your Mind and Body
Chapter Reprogram Facial Tension
What is a face To answer this question we must also consider heads and brains The brain
head and face are located together because we evolved from wormlike creatures As worms
move through mud it is helpful for them to analyze new soil along the way The head and its
various sensory organs are placed in the front of the animal to relay information about the
immediate and impending environment This is why the mouth tongue nose eyes and ears
are grouped so close together A face is a cluster of sensory organs and in mammals its
appearance offers insight into intentions and wellbeing
Fish amphibians and reptiles cannot make facial expressions and can only open and close
their eyes nose and mouth Unlike mammals these animals do not have muscles that attach
to the skin of the face Therefore their facial skin is immobile and essentially devoid of
expression The facial muscles of mammals act as sphincters constricting the area they
circumscribe eyes and mouth or as tractors pulling at their attachments cheeks brow chin
These various muscles bring the faces of mammals to life allow communication and when
contracted alter the animals outlook on its environment
The facial muscles of mammals interact extensively with unconscious areas of the brain
Many specialized neurological modules send output to andor receive input from the facial
muscles These include the fear and grief systems and this is how stress is able to act asa
puppeteer for our facial expressions When the facial muscles are chronically activated by
negative emotions they undergo repetitive strain As we will see in this chapter the partial
contraction of facial muscles has numerous harmful repercussions Most mammals have little
awareness of their facial tension and like a puppet almost no capacity to exercise deliberate
control over their facial muscles This chapter will focus on how to develop those capacities
Illustration Facial muscles of A human B Chimpanzee C Macaque monkey D Mouse
Refrain from Subliminal Grimacing and Frowning
woke up one morning an hour before my alarm clock sounded realized was too roused to
get back to sleep so practiced a few yoga poses and laid back down to meditate was doing
so concertedly concentrating on abating my chaotic thinking patterns turned my attention to
the recurring waves of negativism crashing on the shoreline of my consciousness was trying
to methodically break them up by examining the sensations involved After several minutes
PROGRAM PEACE Self Care Exercises to Reprogram Your Mind and Body
of this the turbulent waters in my mind went still It took me a minute to realize how was able
to do this was slowly relaxing a lowgrade persistent grimace from my face that must have
learned to ignore many years previously This grimace that afflicts all of us is subtle and barely
perceptible in a mirror stayed in bed for a full hour trying to keep the contorted expression
from repossessing me As soon as my mind wandered the tension around my eyes and nose
would resurface and my contentious thoughts would return
We are constantly bracing our facial musculature This causes repetitive strain trigger
points muscle shortening and the development of stiff achy dormant muscles in the face
Though this has not been thoroughly investigated scientifically imagine that the pain
messages sent to our brains emotional centers from strained facial muscles are particularly
tormenting Spend some time contemplating this and attempt to bring awareness to the feeling
of grimacing
Facial Exercise Observe Your Facial Wincing and Grimacing