id
int64
0
8.19k
input_1
stringlengths
76
2.05k
instruction
stringclasses
1 value
output
stringclasses
3 values
100
This finding is different from that in our previous analysis of the original survey data, in which AOD use was unrelated to major depression after controlling for other social and behavioural variables (Mao et al. 2009b).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
101
Given that BARE-2 is a chimera between BARE-1 and WIS-2 [25], the likelihood is that sequences adjacent to the arrays must have undergone multiple rounds of recombination.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
102
The 28-item Dissociative Experiences Scale–II (DES-II) measures the frequency of psychoform dissociative experiences on a 0–100 scale (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986; Carlson & Putnam, 1993).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
103
Rutin (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rhamnoglucoside, Figure 2) also called sophorin, rutoside, and quercetin-3rutinoside is a polyphenolic bioflavonoid, largely extracted from natural sources such as oranges, lemons, grapes, limes, berries, and peaches [30, 31].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
104
topology: a package for performing structural analysis – the current version contains the reporter metabolites algorithm of Patil & Nielsen [22].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
105
Previous work revealed that Dusp6 mutant mice exhibit increased pERK and Erm expression, skeletal dwarfism, craniosynostosis, and hearing loss [21].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
106
Butanol tolerance is a complex phenotype involving multiple loci (Makarova et al., 2006; Papoutsakis, 2008; Winkler et al., 2010), making the engineering of strains with enhanced tolerance to this solvent difficult.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
107
pro-hypertrophic effector mechanisms regulated by GATA4 is ANP [14] which is in turn suppressed by sorafenib treatment.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
108
Among possible explanations is the contribution of sex hormones in the modulation of Tregs.34 Treg-mediated local immune evasion underpins the second finding of our study, i.e. the positive association between higher FOXP3-positive T cells and the presence of VELIPI.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
109
The most common reported mechanisms are CSF and hematogenous dissemination [3].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
110
Surveys, based on The Organisational Values Questionnaire (OVQ) developed by Reino [9] and Resistance to Change Scale (RTC) developed by Oreg [8], were sent out to 4 hospital wards in a medical clinic in Sweden.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
111
(Costa et al., 2013; Thabtah et al., 2004), have pointed out that the minsupp threshold often controls the numbers of rules generated and the training time consumed during the rule discovery and production steps.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
112
…and (b) Logical Memory (LM) standard scores for immediate and delayed (30-minute delay) recall subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale— Revised (WMS-R; Wechsler, 1987) with more recent normative data for the LM subtest from the Mayo’s Older Americans Normative Studies (MOANS; Ivnik et al., 1992).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
113
Quinolinic acid (Sigma, St. Louis) was used to lesion the hippocampal formation and caudate nucleus (Schwartz et al., 1983) as described (Worley et al., 1986a).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
114
, in the massive MIMO regime, the channel becomes (nearly) deterministic and the effect of smallscale fading is averaged out [8].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
115
Overall, changes in pattern of species richness may disrupt marine biodiversity and ecosystems, and impact commercial fisheries (Roessig et al. 2004; Worm et al. 2006; Cheung et al. 2008b).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
116
In addition, a precise supracondylar osteotomy with the desired angle is a technically demanding procedure and placement of a plate requires a rather large incision [4, 10, 17, 19, 23, 30].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
117
[46] reported improved model performance to predict the presence of prairie fish species if information on reach and catchment scale are combined.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
118
Insulin resistance, defined as cellular unresponsiveness to the effects of insulin, results in increasingly higher levels of insulin needed to achieve normal glucose levels [1, 4].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
119
…reduced engagement of medial temporal regions during the construction of future events in depressed patients (Hach et al., 2014), which is consistent with the reduced episodic detail and vividness of mental imagery that is associated with this disorder (Holmes et al., 2008b; King et al., 2011).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
120
Activated PERK blocks protein synthesis by phosphorylating eIF2α [13], and the phosphorylation makes ATF4, a transcription factor, to translocate into the nucleus, and induce the transcription of genes needed to restore ER homeostasis (i.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
121
Flow cytometry Flow cytometric analyses were performed on dissociated embryonic pancreatic cells from MIP-GFP mice using FACSAria II (BD Biosciences) (see ESM Methods).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
122
Synchronization is the most commonly-used method [1], [2], [3] to eliminate atomicity violations, which is an important class of concurrency errors [34].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
123
To assess interobserver variability between two raters of the SYNTAX score, Cohen’s kappa statistics [27] was used after tertile partitioning of their initial SYNTAX scorings.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
124
Assigning economic values to an environmental function or ecological service has been widely debated, with researchers employing a variety of methodologies [9–11].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
125
The improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of ixazomib compared to bortezomib have made it a focus of investigation for use in combination with other pro-apoptotic agents [11, 14].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
126
As the rate of periapical abscesses in the CH group was the same as in the induction study [Cleaton-Jones et al., 2002] but that in the ZOE teeth was a quarter of the induction rate, there is a suggestion that ZOE is superior to CH. The higher success rate may also have been influenced by filling to the apex only, as Holan and Fuks [1993] showed clearly that overfilling with ZOE is detrimental to periapical healing. Tchaou et al. [1996] exposed standard bacterial cultures to 10 root filling materials or combinations of these.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
127
However, as previously discussed, choice of host species has been shown to greatly influence the outcome of a Salmonella infection, and several studies utilizing a variety of advanced model systems have shown that T3SSs are necessary for Salmonella invasion and infection of these models [17,18,19,21,22,23,26,39].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
128
We reviewed the radiology reports of two subsets of patients: those undergoing CT thorax (pulmonary embolism [PE] protocol) and those undergoing cervical spine CT.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
129
Thus, herbivory in leaves or roots can induce whole-plant changes in allelochemistry ( Bezemer et al. , 2004; Kaplan et al. , 2008a ), resulting in indirect effects on co-occurring species ( Bezemer et al. , 2003; Soler et al. , 2005, 2007 ; van Dam et al. , 2005 ).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
130
We evaluate our method on two collective activity datasets from [6,7] and a newly recorded dataset collected by ourselves.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
131
…is known to be induced by Ras and repressed by p53 signaling (Li et al. 2008) and is involved in the inactivation of extrinsic as well as intrinsic apoptosis pathways, by interacting with pro-apoptotic proteins like p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, PUMA, MSH2, MSH6 and others (Ludwig-Galezowska et al. 2011).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
132
Similar to Krajcarski et al. (1999), Chiang (in press) concluded that increased muscular activity due to pre-loads leads to increases in trunk muscle stiffness and spine stability.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
133
Post-translational modification by this ubiquitinlike modifier (ULM) appears to have multifunctional effects and operates in states of tolerance to preserve homeostasis under stress (Tempé et al., 2008).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
134
Binding of PP1c to scaffold proteins may modulate ion channel activity (44), while at neuronal synapses, neurabins I and II (also termed spinophilin) localize PP1c to the actin cytoskeleton at the plasma membrane (1, 32, 33, 37).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
135
In this study, the unstimulated flow rate was significantly higher in the asymptomatic group; 0.17, when compared with 0.11 in the symptomatic ⁄AIDS group (P = 0.003).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
136
5 m plastic boards and were distributed in the field to be used as GCPs for UAS-based image processing [29].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
137
This last assumption was supported by the thymic model: flutamide exposure has an opposing effect in the thymus as compared with the testis (Olsen et al., 1998; Dulos and Bagchus, 2001).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
138
This pattern of shifting N and P availability has been observed in a limited number of established long-term substrate age gradients (e.g. Crews et al. 1995; Wardle et al. 2004; Selmants and Hart 2008).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
139
For the classical ones including DOME and SAFE rules, we used one-shot screening, while for the others, we used a sequential screening setting.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
140
As a novel biomechanical analysis from video recordings, a Model-Based Image-Matching (MBIM) motion analysis technique has been introduced to investigate human motion from uncalibrated video sequences (Krosshaug and Bahr, 2005).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
141
Other studies suggest that altering affinity to FcRn might alter the bioavailability of mAbs (Deng et al., 2010; Deng et al., 2012), and SC bioavailability appears lower in FcRn-deficient mice as compared to wild type animals (Wang et al., 2008).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
142
The diagnosis of cirrhosis was made based on imaging studies and impaired liver synthetic function [10].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
143
This may demonstrate retroperitoneal air as streaking opacities in the right upper quadrant and outlining the kidney margins and along the psoas muscle [17, 23, 25].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
144
The insertion of this time delay is critical because in previous work, it has been shown to allow the development of an inhibitory relationship between the outcome and the stimulus that follows; that is, it allows S1 to predict the absence of subsequent O1 delivery and S2 to predict the absence of subsequent O2 delivery; that is, stimuli trained in such manner exhibit properties (such as retardation) identical to those display by other conditioned inhibitors (Rescorla, 1969; Maier et al., 1976; Delamater et al., 2003).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
145
Level 1 patients require immediate lifesaving interventions, level 2 patients are in a high-risk situation, are lethargic, confused, or have severe pain, and levels 3, 4, and 5 patients need many, 1, or no resources, respectively.(19) All adult (ie, 18 years of age) nontrauma patients were eligible for inclusion to the study, if they had an ESI score of 2 or 3 and vital signs within the normal range and presented in 1 of the 2 EDs between May 24, 2007, and February 8, 2011.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
146
The high numbers of all three species found in MT confirm the importance of this large, lowland forest block for primate conservation and further support the proposal to restore the Mngeta conservation corridor between US and Iyondo forest, a lowland to montane forest that is contiguous with MT (Rovero et al. 2012; St. John 2008) and is currently under gazettement as forest reserve (N.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
147
Current evidence also indicates that shear stress activates two MAP kinases by distinct signaling pathways: activation of ERK is mediated by mechanisms involving Gai-2, protein kinases [Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and protein kinase C-e], and Ras, whereas JNK activation requires Gb/g, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-g, tyrosine kinases (Src and FAK), and Ras (11, 14, 15, 22, 37).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
148
…to perform a time calibrated phylogenetic analysis, using three node constraints derived from Santos et al. (2009) in the software Beast 1.7 (Drummond and Rambaut 2007): (1) the divergence between Dendrobates truncatus and Dendrobates auratus was constrained with an uniform prior with an…
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
149
Dense Trajectory features are formed by the sequence of displacement vectors in an optical flow field, together with the HoG-HoF descriptor (Laptev et al, 2008) and the motion boundary histogram (MBH) descriptor (Dalal et al, 2006) computed over a local neighbourhood along the trajectory.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
150
…by the release of SPEs and other antigens, which function as superantigens (Proft et al., 2003; Marrack and Kappler, 1990; Talkington et al., 1993; Baxter and McChesney, 2000; Eriksson et al., 1999; Darenberg et al., 2004; Norrby-Teglund et al., 2005; Zurawski et al., 1998; Ekelund et al., 2005).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
151
…negative correlation, such that more positive mean PBR occurred concurrently with a more negative mean NBR, is in agreement with previous studies (Klingner et al., 2010; Shmuel et al., 2002), suggesting that the magnitude of ipsilateral inhibition increases with the magnitude of increasing…
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
152
Mouse IgG 30 lg/ml final concentration was added as control (Schmid et al., 2000; Tang et al., 2006; Yeaney et al., 2009).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
153
…neighbor matrices, PCNM) as predictors in our analyses as these are suggested to produce inflated R2-statistics apparently due to over-fitting (i.e. selection of too many axes, which may overemphasise the spatial component in the data) even when forward selection is used (Gilbert & Bennett, 2010).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
154
c-IAP2, which has been functionally implicated in the inhibition of TNF-mediated death, is transcriptionally regulated by NF-kB (40).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
155
In mitochondria LDH and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase do not donate electrons to the respiratory chain, yet in bacteria they are membrane-bound enzymes transferring their electrons directly to ubiquinol (Barnes and Kaback 1970; Lascelles 1978; Doig et al. 1999; Modun and Williams 1999; Dym et al. 2000; Delgado et al. 2001; Fuller et al. 2011).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
156
It is also interesting to note that the proportion of frozenthawed primordial follicles (36%) found after 28 weeks of grafting is comparable to that (41%) found after 3 weeks of grafting [16].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
157
The results observed in the study carried out by Hallal et al. (2006), which analyzed 4452 Brazilian adolescents, are in accordance with the analyses of Davison et al. (2008).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
158
Since the first ON1 location in Ontario [Eshaghi et al., 2012], geographical dispersion has been reported worldwide [Choudhary et al.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
159
We concentrate here on the computational issues, extending the Static Sensor Field model (SSSF) [2], to scenarios in which dynamicity is of relevance.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
160
To alleviate this, wireless-powered strategy is proposed by making use of radiofrequency (RF) signals emitted from other communication nodes to provide stable energy supply for relay nodes [14– 16].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
161
The explanation for such finding is not clear, since the pellet dissolves within the proventriculus (Nir et al., 1994c), and thus it was not expected that physical form of the diet would have any effect in this portion of the gastrintestinal tract.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
162
This implies that about 40% of the study population living in the North would benefit from increasing the duration of solar exposure as presented previously [16].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
163
Although they mimic many phorbol ester effects, including inhibition of cell-cell communication (25, 26), they have been reported not to induce differentiation of HL-60 cells (27) or to inhibit maturation of granulosa cells (28).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
164
The observed levels of heavy metal variation in soil samples could be attributed to the varying amount of metals in the irrigation water as well as other agronomic practices of the respective areas (Yadav et al. 2013).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
165
There is a gradual increase in the double phosphorylation of the Thr-Glu-Tyr motif, characteristic of activated kinases such as ERK1, 2 and 5 in two proteins of 80 and 105 kDa in capacitating human spermatozoa (de Lamirande and Gagnon, 2002; Thundathil et al., 2002, 2003).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
166
Homeoproteins contain a highly conserved, 60 amino acid peptide domain known as the homeodomain (McGinnis et al., 1984a,b; Laughon and Scott, 1984), a peptide motif conferring sequence-specific DNA binding ability to the homeoproteins (Laughon and Scott, 1984; Desplan et al.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
167
In informal experiments, it’s found that only inserting LN cannot achieve satisfactory adaptation results, and inspired by [11], we combine fine-tuning output layer with Full-LN/LRPD-LN based method in the following experiments.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
168
This translocation event is independent of the HBV nucleocapsid and can be subsequently detected on secreted virions and SVP (5, 24).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
169
Prominent within the HBC are the balls – events in which the houses come together to compete in various categories for cash prizes and ‘ball status’ (Galindo, 2013).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
170
…tRNA selection on the ribosome during protein synthesis (Blanchard et al., 2004) (reviewed in Johansson et al., 2008; Rodnina et al., 2005), acetylcholine receptor desensitization (Dilger and Brett, 1990; Matsubara et al., 1992), and subunit rotation of F0F1-ATP synthase (Diez et al., 2004).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
171
This prolongs the circulation time and potential for interaction of the antigen with APCs and may reduce the need for multiple vaccinations [3].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
172
For group Lasso we have adapted the implementation presented in [21] whereas for comparisons with standard multiple kernel learning, we have used the GMKL implementation presented by Varma and Babu [33].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
173
The first of these is a class of appearance-based approaches in which a linear subspace is used to capture the variation of a particular face due variations in illumination [8, 2, 11].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
174
Here we use the value of ten (because our previous study showed this is the number of items that can be managed efficiently in the browser’s sidebar [Moreau et al., 2002]).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
175
PKCη-C2 domain induces chondrogenic diffe- rentiation in hMSCs The C2 domain of PKCη is thought not to affect substrate-specificity of the kinase but instead aid in its localization to membranous systems (Littler et al., 2006).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
176
A rook pivoting scheme as in [3] and [11] can be implemented for tridiagonal matrices, but a full rook scheme for general banded matrices would probably lead to a ”chasing” scheme as in [5] or [15] .
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
177
The original architecture proposed in [5] has been improved in [6] by rearranging the detection method (DM) in a modular fashion and by reducing the control management.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
178
The three-sigma signal is triggered when any data point is further than 3 standard deviations away from the overall process average [11].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
179
Therefore, the equilibrium and stability analysis of neural networks with time delays has been received much interest in recent years [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 20, 25, 24, 30, 21, 22, 23, 33].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
180
Some approaches address the cause of aligning both classes and entities simultaneously: the RiMOM [66] and iliads [98] systems.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
181
Olfactory bulb odorant ORFs These results are consistent with previously reported studies of mitral–tufted cell responses to odorants differing in carbon chain length (Imamura et al., 1992).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
182
Amplified neural activity was connected to an analog-to-digital converter (Cambridge Electronic Design) and passed through an integrator circuit (Shimatani et al. 2002).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
183
If NusA is not present, antitermination still occurs, but in this case there is evidence that antipausing is the mechanism: Restricting elongation rate at the critical release site of an intrinsic terminator by reducing the substrate NTP concentration impairs antitermination in the absence of NusA, but not in its presence (126).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
184
First, depression is observed at all synaptic connections between layer 5 pyramidal neurons even though U varies from 0.1 to 0.95 (Markram and Tsodyks, 1996, Tsodyks and Markram, 1997).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
185
Using the identifying restrictions of Baker et al. (2012), I find that the estimated response of the economy to a shock to policy uncertainty is much larger when the last 4 years of data are included in the dataset.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
186
The reversal component requires orbitofrontal cortex (Dias et al., 1996; Fellows and Farah, 2003; Hornak et al., 2004; Izquierdo et al., 2004; Murray and Izquierdo, 2007).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
187
As for exposure assessment, underestimation is considered according to the study designs; conversely for outcome and confounding assessment, overestimation is considered (Porta et al. 2009; WHO 2007; Franchini et al. 2004; Giusti 2009).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
188
The TNM staging of the GBC tumors was assessed according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) guidelines [6].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
189
17Recently, Davidsson & Sibbertsen (2002) introduced a model which nests the Error Duration model of Parke (1999). One interpretation of the model is that innovations become alive again once they have died.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
190
The inadequacy of CCS implementation in the primary care setting, which was also reported by physicians’ survey from Italy, France, and Greece [6, 20–25] and by a qualitative study from UK [26], is further strengthened by our results.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
191
Further comparison with the distribution of 11 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which is found in the DCT and CNT (4) confirmed the different pattern of expression of RhCG in these segments (Fig.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
192
The use of a throat pack increased the risk of developing sore throat by more than 3 times; this finding is in contrast to previous studies in which the presence of a throat pack was not found to be a risk factor in the development of POST.17,18 Our patients predominantly underwent ENT surgery, in which it is common to use a throat pack to prevent blood from trickling into the stomach and leading to postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
193
To block the entire time-course of morphine reward and not just the short time that the animals were in the place-conditioning apparatus immediately after morphine or saline injection, the TPP was reversibly inactivated with the local anesthetic bupivacaine, which has an effect that lasts for at least 2 h (Swerdlow & Jones, 1970; Covino, 1986), compared with the time-course (approximately 30–60 min) of the faster acting anesthetic lidocaine (Covino, 1986).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
194
It is also offering a wealth of new approaches such as emitters [3, 4] and sensors [5-7] in terms of THz applications.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
195
It conditions resistance to penicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam, and its activity is well inhibited by clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam [7, 8].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
196
Because ribbons and short-wavelength folds occur together at the margins of crustal plateaus and show compatible principal strain orientations [Ghent and Hansen, 1999], it is possible that they formed simultaneously, under the principle that the shortest-wavelength tectonic features represent the earliest stages of deformation.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
197
I estimate a vector autoregression (VAR) that includes the policy uncertainty index created by Baker, Bloom, and Davis (2012).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
198
Adherence to the healthy Nordic diet was measured, calculating the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) [13].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
199
including non-violent crimes, drug abuse, and impulsive disorder, all had increased risk for violence.[9] These results were in line with the results of the present study.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result