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convert `a` to string

str ( a )

sort list of lists `L` by the second item in each list

L . sort ( key = operator . itemgetter ( 1 ) )

Print variable `count` and variable `conv` with space string ' ' in between

print ( str ( count ) + ' ' + str ( conv ) )

change NaN values in dataframe `df` using preceding values in the frame

df . fillna ( method = 'ffill' , inplace = True )

change the state of the Tkinter `Text` widget to read only i.e. `disabled`

text . config ( state = DISABLED )

python sum of ascii values of all characters in a string `string`

sum ( map ( ord , string ) )

apply itertools.product to elements of a list of lists `arrays`

list ( itertools . product ( * arrays ) )

print number `value` as thousands separators

'{:,}' . format ( value )

print number 1255000 as thousands separators

locale . setlocale ( locale . LC_ALL , 'en_US' ) locale . format ( '%d' , 1255000 , grouping = True )

get rows of dataframe `df` where column `Col1` has values `['men', 'rocks', 'mountains']`

df [ df . Col1 . isin ( [ 'men' , 'rocks' , 'mountains' ] ) ]

get the value at index 1 for each tuple in the list of tuples `L`

[ x [ 1 ] for x in L ]

split unicode string "раз два три" into words

'\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438' . split ( )

sort query set by number of characters in a field `length` in django model `MyModel`

MyModel . objects . extra ( select = { 'length' : 'Length(name)' } ) . order_by ( 'length' )

get a dictionary in list `dicts` which key 'ratio' is closer to a global value 1.77672955975

min ( dicts , key = lambda x : ( abs ( 1.77672955975 - x [ 'ratio' ] ) , - x [ 'pixels' ] ) )

get the non-masked values of array `m`

m [ ~ m . mask ]

Find all words containing letters between A and Z in string `formula`

re . findall ( '\\b[A-Z]' , formula )

create a list `matrix` containing 5 lists, each of 5 items all set to 0

matrix = [ ( [ 0 ] * 5 ) for i in range ( 5 ) ]

creating a numpy array of 3d coordinates from three 1d arrays `x_p`, `y_p` and `z_p`

np . vstack ( np . meshgrid ( x_p , y_p , z_p ) ) . reshape ( 3 , - 1 ) . T

find the minimum value in a numpy array `arr` excluding 0

arr [ arr != 0 ] . min ( )

get the text of multiple elements found by xpath "//*[@type='submit']/@value"

browser . find_elements_by_xpath ( "//*[@type='submit']/@value" ) . text

find all the values in attribute `value` for the tags whose `type` attribute is `submit` in selenium

browser . find_elements_by_xpath ( "//*[@type='submit']" ) . get_attribute ( 'value' )

parse a YAML file "example.yaml"

with open ( 'example.yaml' , 'r' ) as stream : try : print ( ( yaml . load ( stream ) ) ) except yaml . YAMLError as exc : print ( exc )

parse a YAML file "example.yaml"

with open ( 'example.yaml' ) as stream : try : print ( ( yaml . load ( stream ) ) ) except yaml . YAMLError as exc : print ( exc )

Sort the values of the dataframe `df` and align the columns accordingly based on the obtained indices after np.argsort.

pd . DataFrame ( df . columns [ np . argsort ( df . values ) ] , df . index , np . unique ( df . values ) )

Getting today's date in YYYY-MM-DD

datetime . datetime . today ( ) . strftime ( '%Y-%m-%d' )

urlencode a querystring 'string_of_characters_like_these:$#@=?%^Q^$' in python 2

urllib . parse . quote_plus ( 'string_of_characters_like_these:$#@=?%^Q^$' )

sort a dictionary `d` by length of its values and print as string

print ( ' ' . join ( sorted ( d , key = lambda k : len ( d [ k ] ) , reverse = True ) ) )

convert tuple elements in list `[(1,2),(3,4),(5,6),]` into lists

map ( list , zip ( * [ ( 1 , 2 ) , ( 3 , 4 ) , ( 5 , 6 ) ] ) )

convert list of tuples to multiple lists in Python

map ( list , zip ( * [ ( 1 , 2 ) , ( 3 , 4 ) , ( 5 , 6 ) ] ) )

convert list of tuples to multiple lists in Python

zip ( * [ ( 1 , 2 ) , ( 3 , 4 ) , ( 5 , 6 ) ] )

create a list of tuples which contains number 9 and the number before it, for each occurrence of 9 in the list 'myList'

[ ( x , y ) for x , y in zip ( myList , myList [ 1 : ] ) if y == 9 ]

navigate to webpage given by url `http://www.python.org` using Selenium

driver . get ( 'http://www.google.com.br' )

reverse a UTF-8 string 'a'

b = a . decode ( 'utf8' ) [ : : - 1 ] . encode ( 'utf8' )

extract date from a string 'monkey 2010-07-32 love banana'

dparser . parse ( 'monkey 2010-07-32 love banana' , fuzzy = True )

extract date from a string 'monkey 20/01/1980 love banana'

dparser . parse ( 'monkey 20/01/1980 love banana' , fuzzy = True )

extract date from a string `monkey 10/01/1980 love banana`

dparser . parse ( 'monkey 10/01/1980 love banana' , fuzzy = True )

Convert a list `['A:1', 'B:2', 'C:3', 'D:4']` to dictionary

dict ( map ( lambda s : s . split ( ':' ) , [ 'A:1' , 'B:2' , 'C:3' , 'D:4' ] ) )

check if string `the_string` contains any upper or lower-case ASCII letters

re . search ( '[a-zA-Z]' , the_string )

convert a pandas `df1` groupby object to dataframe

DataFrame ( { 'count' : df1 . groupby ( [ 'Name' , 'City' ] ) . size ( ) } ) . reset_index ( )

remove all non-numeric characters from string `sdkjh987978asd098as0980a98sd `

re . sub ( '[^0-9]' , '' , 'sdkjh987978asd098as0980a98sd' )

get items from list `a` that don't appear in list `b`

[ y for y in a if y not in b ]

extract the first four rows of the column `ID` from a pandas dataframe `df`

df . groupby ( 'ID' ) . head ( 4 )

Unzip a list of tuples `l` into a list of lists

zip ( * l )

combine two lists `[1, 2, 3, 4]` and `['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']` into a dictionary

dict ( zip ( [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] , [ 'a' , 'b' , 'c' , 'd' ] ) )

combine two lists `[1, 2, 3, 4]` and `['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']` into a dictionary

dict ( zip ( [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] , [ 'a' , 'b' , 'c' , 'd' ] ) )

retrieve the path from a Flask request

request . url

replace carriage return in string `somestring` with empty string ''

somestring . replace ( '\\r' , '' )

serialize dictionary `d` as a JSON formatted string with each key formatted to pattern '%d,%d'

simplejson . dumps ( dict ( [ ( '%d,%d' % k , v ) for k , v in list ( d . items ( ) ) ] ) )

parse string "Jun 1 2005 1:33PM" into datetime by format "%b %d %Y %I:%M%p"

datetime . strptime ( 'Jun 1 2005 1:33PM' , '%b %d %Y %I:%M%p' )

parse string "Aug 28 1999 12:00AM" into datetime

parser . parse ( 'Aug 28 1999 12:00AM' )

Get absolute folder path and filename for file `existGDBPath `

os . path . split ( os . path . abspath ( existGDBPath ) )

extract folder path from file path

os . path . dirname ( os . path . abspath ( existGDBPath ) )

Execute a post request to url `http://httpbin.org/post` with json data `{'test': 'cheers'}`

requests . post ( 'http://httpbin.org/post' , json = { 'test' : 'cheers' } )

remove dictionary from list `a` if the value associated with its key 'link' is in list `b`

a = [ x for x in a if x [ 'link' ] not in b ]

get a request parameter `a` in jinja2

{ { request . args . get ( 'a' ) } }

create a list of integers between 2 values `11` and `17`

list ( range ( 11 , 17 ) )

Change data type of data in column 'grade' of dataframe `data_df` into float and then to int

data_df [ 'grade' ] = data_df [ 'grade' ] . astype ( float ) . astype ( int )

Find the list in a list of lists `alkaline_earth_values` with the max value of the second element.

max ( alkaline_earth_values , key = lambda x : x [ 1 ] )

remove leading and trailing zeros in the string 'your_Strip'

your_string . strip ( '0' )

generate a list of all unique pairs of integers in `range(9)`

list ( permutations ( list ( range ( 9 ) ) , 2 ) )

create a regular expression that matches the pattern '^(.+)(?:\\n|\\r\\n?)((?:(?:\\n|\\r\\n?).+)+)' over multiple lines of text

re . compile ( '^(.+)(?:\\n|\\r\\n?)((?:(?:\\n|\\r\\n?).+)+)' , re . MULTILINE )

regular expression "^(.+)\\n((?:\\n.+)+)" matching a multiline block of text

re . compile ( '^(.+)\\n((?:\\n.+)+)' , re . MULTILINE )

Run 'test2.py' file with python location 'path/to/python' and arguments 'neededArgumetGoHere' as a subprocess

call ( [ 'path/to/python' , 'test2.py' , 'neededArgumetGoHere' ] )

sort a multidimensional list `a` by second and third column

a . sort ( key = operator . itemgetter ( 2 , 3 ) )

Add a tuple with value `another_choice` to a tuple `my_choices`

final_choices = ( ( another_choice , ) + my_choices )

Add a tuple with value `another_choice` to a tuple `my_choices`

final_choices = ( ( another_choice , ) + my_choices )

find the current directory

os . getcwd ( )

find the current directory

os . path . realpath ( __file__ )

get the directory name of `path`

os . path . dirname ( path )

get the canonical path of file `path`

os . path . realpath ( path )

Find name of current directory

dir_path = os . path . dirname ( os . path . realpath ( __file__ ) )

Find current directory

cwd = os . getcwd ( )

Find the full path of current directory

full_path = os . path . realpath ( __file__ )

sort array `arr` in ascending order by values of the 3rd column

arr [ arr [ : , ( 2 ) ] . argsort ( ) ]

sort rows of numpy matrix `arr` in ascending order according to all column values

numpy . sort ( arr , axis = 0 )

split string 'a b.c' on space " " and dot character "."

re . split ( '[ .]' , 'a b.c' )

copy the content of file 'file.txt' to file 'file2.txt'

shutil . copy ( 'file.txt' , 'file2.txt' )

generate random upper-case ascii string of 12 characters length

print ( '' . join ( choice ( ascii_uppercase ) for i in range ( 12 ) ) )

merge the elements in a list `lst` sequentially

[ '' . join ( seq ) for seq in zip ( lst , lst [ 1 : ] ) ]

rename column 'gdp' in dataframe `data` to 'log(gdp)'

data . rename ( columns = { 'gdp' : 'log(gdp)' } , inplace = True )

convert a beautiful soup html `soup` to text

print ( soup . get_text ( ) )

Sort list `li` in descending order based on the second element of each list inside list`li`

sorted ( li , key = operator . itemgetter ( 1 ) , reverse = True )

replace value 0 with 'Female' and value 1 with 'Male' in column 'sex' of dataframe `data`

data [ 'sex' ] . replace ( [ 0 , 1 ] , [ 'Female' , 'Male' ] , inplace = True )

split string 'Words, words, words.' on punctuation

re . split ( '\\W+' , 'Words, words, words.' )

Extract first two substrings in string `phrase` that end in `.`, `?` or `!`

re . match ( '(.*?[.?!](?:\\s+.*?[.?!]){0,1})' , phrase ) . group ( 1 )

split string `s` into strings of repeating elements

print ( [ a for a , b in re . findall ( '((\\w)\\2*)' , s ) ] )

Create new string with unique characters from `s` seperated by ' '

print ( ' ' . join ( OrderedDict . fromkeys ( s ) ) )

create a set from string `s` to remove duplicate characters

print ( ' ' . join ( set ( s ) ) )

list folders in zip file 'file' that ends with '/'

[ x for x in file . namelist ( ) if x . endswith ( '/' ) ]

find the count of a word 'Hello' in a string `input_string`

input_string . count ( 'Hello' )

reduce the first element of list of strings `data` to a string, separated by '.'

print ( '.' . join ( [ item [ 0 ] for item in data ] ) )

Move the cursor of file pointer `fh1` at the end of the file.

fh1 . seek ( 2 )

convert a flat list into a list of tuples of every two items in the list, in order

print ( zip ( my_list [ 0 : : 2 ] , my_list [ 1 : : 2 ] ) )

group a list of ints into a list of tuples of each 2 elements

my_new_list = zip ( my_list [ 0 : : 2 ] , my_list [ 1 : : 2 ] )

set the default encoding to 'utf-8'

sys . setdefaultencoding ( 'utf8' )

Formate current date and time to a string using pattern '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'

datetime . datetime . now ( ) . strftime ( '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' )

retrieve arabic texts from string `my_string`

print ( re . findall ( '[\\u0600-\\u06FF]+' , my_string ) )

group dataframe `df` based on minute interval

df . groupby ( df . index . map ( lambda t : t . minute ) )

access value associated with key 'American' of key 'Apple' from dictionary `dict`

dict [ 'Apple' ] [ 'American' ]

remove all null values from columns 'three', 'four' and 'five' of dataframe `df2`

df2 . dropna ( subset = [ 'three' , 'four' , 'five' ] , how = 'all' )