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subprocess run command 'start command -flags arguments' through the shell

subprocess . call ( 'start command -flags arguments' , shell = True )

run command 'command -flags arguments &' on command line tools as separate processes

subprocess . call ( 'command -flags arguments &' , shell = True )

replace percent-encoded code in request `f` to their single-character equivalent

f = urllib . request . urlopen ( url , urllib . parse . unquote ( urllib . parse . urlencode ( params ) ) )

remove white spaces from the end of string " xyz "

""" xyz """ . rstrip ( )

Replace special characters in utf-8 encoded string `s` using the %xx escape

urllib . parse . quote ( s . encode ( 'utf-8' ) )

URL encoding in python

urllib . parse . quote_plus ( 'a b' )

Create an array containing the conversion of string '100110' into separate elements

np . array ( map ( int , '100110' ) )

convert a string 'mystr' to numpy array of integer values

print ( np . array ( list ( mystr ) , dtype = int ) )

convert an rgb image 'messi5.jpg' into grayscale `img`

img = cv2 . imread ( 'messi5.jpg' , 0 )

sort list `lst` in descending order based on the second item of each tuple in it

lst . sort ( key = lambda x : x [ 2 ] , reverse = True )

How to find all occurrences of an element in a list?

indices = [ i for i , x in enumerate ( my_list ) if x == 'whatever' ]

execute shell command 'grep -r PASSED *.log | sort -u | wc -l' with a | pipe in it

subprocess . call ( 'grep -r PASSED *.log | sort -u | wc -l' , shell = True )

count the number of trailing question marks in string `my_text`

len ( my_text ) - len ( my_text . rstrip ( '?' ) )

remove dollar sign '$' from second to last column data in dataframe 'df' and convert the data into floats

df [ df . columns [ 1 : ] ] . replace ( '[\\$,]' , '' , regex = True ) . astype ( float )

Merge column 'word' in dataframe `df2` with column 'word' on dataframe `df1`

df1 . merge ( df2 , how = 'left' , on = 'word' )

switch positions of each two adjacent characters in string `a`

print ( '' . join ( '' . join ( i ) for i in zip ( a2 , a1 ) ) + a [ - 1 ] if len ( a ) % 2 else '' )

make a window `root` jump to the front

root . attributes ( '-topmost' , True )

make a window `root` jump to the front

root . lift ( )

Convert list of booleans `walls` into a hex string

hex ( int ( '' . join ( [ str ( int ( b ) ) for b in walls ] ) , 2 ) )

convert the sum of list `walls` into a hex presentation

hex ( sum ( b << i for i , b in enumerate ( reversed ( walls ) ) ) )

print the string `Total score for`, the value of the variable `name`, the string `is` and the value of the variable `score` in one print call.

print ( ( 'Total score for' , name , 'is' , score ) )

print multiple arguments 'name' and 'score'.

print ( 'Total score for {} is {}' . format ( name , score ) )

print a string using multiple strings `name` and `score`

print ( 'Total score for %s is %s ' % ( name , score ) )

print string including multiple variables `name` and `score`

print ( ( 'Total score for' , name , 'is' , score ) )

serve a static html page 'your_template.html' at the root of a django project

url ( '^$' , TemplateView . as_view ( template_name = 'your_template.html' ) )

use a list of values `[3,6]` to select rows from a pandas dataframe `df`'s column 'A'

df [ df [ 'A' ] . isin ( [ 3 , 6 ] ) ]

How to get the concrete class name as a string?

instance . __class__ . __name__

execute python code `myscript.py` in a virtualenv `/path/to/my/venv` from matlab

system ( '/path/to/my/venv/bin/python myscript.py' )

django return a QuerySet list containing the values of field 'eng_name' in model `Employees`

Employees . objects . values_list ( 'eng_name' , flat = True )

find all digits in string '6,7)' and put them to a list

re . findall ( '\\d|\\d,\\d\\)' , '6,7)' )

prompt string 'Press Enter to continue...' to the console

input ( 'Press Enter to continue...' )

print string "ABC" as hex literal

"""
ABC""" . encode ( 'hex' )

insert a new field 'geolocCountry' on an existing document 'b' using pymongo

db . Doc . update ( { '_id' : b [ '_id' ] } , { '$set' : { 'geolocCountry' : myGeolocCountry } } )

Write a regex statement to match 'lol' to 'lolllll'.

re . sub ( 'l+' , 'l' , 'lollll' )

BeautifulSoup find all 'tr' elements in HTML string `soup` at the five stride starting from the fourth element

rows = soup . findAll ( 'tr' ) [ 4 : : 5 ]

reverse all x-axis points in pyplot

plt . gca ( ) . invert_xaxis ( )

reverse y-axis in pyplot

plt . gca ( ) . invert_yaxis ( )

stack two dataframes next to each other in pandas

pd . concat ( [ GOOG , AAPL ] , keys = [ 'GOOG' , 'AAPL' ] , axis = 1 )

create a json response `response_data`

return HttpResponse ( json . dumps ( response_data ) , content_type = 'application/json' )

decode escape sequences in string `myString`

myString . decode ( 'string_escape' )

calculate the md5 checksum of a file named 'filename.exe'

hashlib . md5 ( open ( 'filename.exe' , 'rb' ) . read ( ) ) . hexdigest ( )

Find all keys from a dictionary `d` whose values are `desired_value`

[ k for k , v in d . items ( ) if v == desired_value ]

create a set containing all keys' names from dictionary `LoD`

{ k for d in LoD for k in list ( d . keys ( ) ) }

create a set containing all keys names from list of dictionaries `LoD`

set ( [ i for s in [ list ( d . keys ( ) ) for d in LoD ] for i in s ] )

extract all keys from a list of dictionaries `LoD`

[ i for s in [ list ( d . keys ( ) ) for d in LoD ] for i in s ]

unpack keys and values of a dictionary `d` into two lists

keys , values = zip ( * list ( d . items ( ) ) )

convert a string `s` containing a decimal to an integer

int ( Decimal ( s ) )

Convert a string to integer with decimal in Python

int ( s . split ( '.' ) [ 0 ] )

check if array `b` contains all elements of array `a`

numpy . in1d ( b , a ) . all ( )

numpy: check if array 'a' contains all the numbers in array 'b'.

numpy . array ( [ ( x in a ) for x in b ] )

Draw node labels `labels` on networkx graph `G ` at position `pos`

networkx . draw_networkx_labels ( G , pos , labels )

make a row-by-row copy `y` of array `x`

y = [ row [ : ] for row in x ]

Create 2D numpy array from the data provided in 'somefile.csv' with each row in the file having same number of values

X = numpy . loadtxt ( 'somefile.csv' , delimiter = ',' )

get a list of items from the list `some_list` that contain string 'abc'

matching = [ s for s in some_list if 'abc' in s ]

export a pandas data frame `df` to a file `mydf.tsv` and retain the indices

df . to_csv ( 'mydf.tsv' , sep = '\t' )

How do I create a LIST of unique random numbers?

random . sample ( list ( range ( 100 ) ) , 10 )

split a string `s` on last delimiter

s . rsplit ( ',' , 1 )

Check if all elements in list `lst` are tupples of long and int

all ( isinstance ( x , int ) for x in lst )

check if all elements in a list 'lst' are the same type 'int'

all ( isinstance ( x , int ) for x in lst )

strip a string `line` of all carriage returns and newlines

line . strip ( )

scroll to the bottom of a web page using selenium webdriver

driver . execute_script ( 'window.scrollTo(0, Y)' )

scroll a to the bottom of a web page using selenium webdriver

driver . execute_script ( 'window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);' )

convert Date object `dateobject` into a DateTime object

datetime . datetime . combine ( dateobject , datetime . time ( ) )

check if any item from list `b` is in list `a`

print ( any ( x in a for x in b ) )

save a numpy array `image_array` as an image 'outfile.jpg'

scipy . misc . imsave ( 'outfile.jpg' , image_array )

Remove anything in parenthesis from string `item` with a regex

item = re . sub ( ' ?\\([^)]+\\)' , '' , item )

Remove word characters in parenthesis from string `item` with a regex

item = re . sub ( ' ?\\(\\w+\\)' , '' , item )

Remove all data inside parenthesis in string `item`

item = re . sub ( ' \\(\\w+\\)' , '' , item )

check if any elements in one list `list1` are in another list `list2`

len ( set ( list1 ) . intersection ( list2 ) ) > 0

convert hex string `s` to decimal

i = int ( s , 16 )

convert hex string "0xff" to decimal

int ( '0xff' , 16 )

convert hex string "FFFF" to decimal

int ( 'FFFF' , 16 )

convert hex string '0xdeadbeef' to decimal

ast . literal_eval ( '0xdeadbeef' )

convert hex string 'deadbeef' to decimal

int ( 'deadbeef' , 16 )

take screenshot 'screen.png' on mac os x

os . system ( 'screencapture screen.png' )

Set a window size to `1400, 1000` using selenium webdriver

driver . set_window_size ( 1400 , 1000 )

replace non-ascii chars from a unicode string u'm\xfasica'

unicodedata . normalize ( 'NFKD' , 'm\xfasica' ) . encode ( 'ascii' , 'ignore' )

concatenate dataframe `df1` with `df2` whilst removing duplicates

pandas . concat ( [ df1 , df2 ] ) . drop_duplicates ( ) . reset_index ( drop = True )

Construct an array with data type float32 `a` from data in binary file 'filename'

a = numpy . fromfile ( 'filename' , dtype = numpy . float32 )

execute a mv command `mv /home/somedir/subdir/* somedir/` in subprocess

subprocess . call ( 'mv /home/somedir/subdir/* somedir/' , shell = True )

How to use the mv command in Python with subprocess

subprocess . call ( 'mv /home/somedir/subdir/* somedir/' , shell = True )

print a character that has unicode value `\u25b2`

print ( '\u25b2' . encode ( 'utf-8' ) )

compare contents at filehandles `file1` and `file2` using difflib

difflib . SequenceMatcher ( None , file1 . read ( ) , file2 . read ( ) )

Create a dictionary from string `e` separated by `-` and `,`

dict ( ( k , int ( v ) ) for k , v in ( e . split ( ' - ' ) for e in s . split ( ',' ) ) )

check if all elements in a tuple `(1, 6)` are in another `(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)`

all ( i in ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) for i in ( 1 , 6 ) )

extract unique dates from time series 'Date' in dataframe `df`

df [ 'Date' ] . map ( lambda t : t . date ( ) ) . unique ( )

right align string `mystring` with a width of 7

"""{:>7s}""" . format ( mystring )

read an excel file 'ComponentReport-DJI.xls'

open ( 'ComponentReport-DJI.xls' , 'rb' ) . read ( 200 )

sort dataframe `df` based on column 'b' in ascending and column 'c' in descending

df . sort_values ( [ 'b' , 'c' ] , ascending = [ True , False ] , inplace = True )

sort dataframe `df` based on column 'a' in ascending and column 'b' in descending

df . sort_values ( [ 'a' , 'b' ] , ascending = [ True , False ] )

sort a pandas data frame with column `a` in ascending and `b` in descending order

df1 . sort ( [ 'a' , 'b' ] , ascending = [ True , False ] , inplace = True )

sort a pandas data frame by column `a` in ascending, and by column `b` in descending order

df . sort ( [ 'a' , 'b' ] , ascending = [ True , False ] )

django redirect to view 'Home.views.index'

redirect ( 'Home.views.index' )

remove all values within one list `[2, 3, 7]` from another list `a`

[ x for x in a if x not in [ 2 , 3 , 7 ] ]

remove the punctuation '!', '.', ':' from a string `asking`

out = '' . join ( c for c in asking if c not in ( '!' , '.' , ':' ) )

BeautifulSoup get value associated with attribute 'content' where attribute 'name' is equal to 'City' in tag 'meta' in HTML parsed string `soup`

soup . find ( 'meta' , { 'name' : 'City' } ) [ 'content' ]

unquote a urlencoded unicode string '%0a'

urllib . parse . unquote ( '%0a' )

decode url `url` from UTF-16 code to UTF-8 code

urllib . parse . unquote ( url ) . decode ( 'utf8' )

empty a list `lst`

del lst [ : ]

empty a list `lst`

del lst1 [ : ]