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What should I know about high cholesterol? | Cholesterol is a type of fat found in your blood. Cholesterol comes from two sources. It is produced by your body and it comes from the food you eat. Your total cholesterol is made up of both LDL and HDL cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol is called “bad” cholesterol because it can build up in the wall of your arteries and form plaque. Over time, plaque build-up can cause a narrowing of the arteries. This narrowing can slow or block blood flow to your heart, brain, and other organs. High LDL cholesterol is a major cause of heart disease and stroke.
HDL cholesterol is called “good” cholesterol because it keeps the bad cholesterol from building up in the arteries.
Triglycerides also are fats found in your body. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Wide complex tachycardia ? | If the heart rate during a ventricular tachycardia episode is very fast or lasts longer than a few seconds. There may be symptoms such as:
Chest discomfort (angina) Fainting (syncope) Light-headedness or dizziness Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) Shortness of breath
Note: Symptoms may start and stop suddenly. In some cases, there are no symptoms. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the causes of Wide complex tachycardia ? | Ventricular tachycardia is a pulse rate of more than 100 beats per minute, with at least three irregular heartbeats in a row.
The condition can develop as an early or late complication of a heart attack. It may also occur in patients with:
Cardiomyopathy Heart failure Heart surgery Myocarditis Valvular heart disease
Ventricular tachycardia can occur without heart disease.
Scar tissue may form in the muscle of the ventricles days, months, or years after a heart attack. This can lead to ventricular tachycardia.
Ventricular tachycardia can also be caused by:
Anti-arrhythmic medications Changes in blood chemistry (such as a low potassium level) Changes in pH (acid-base) Lack of enough oxygen
" Torsade de pointes " is a form of ventricular tachycardia that is often due to congenital heart disease or the use of certain medications. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect Outlook (Prognosis)? | The outcome depends on the heart condition and symptoms. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? | How often the rapid heart rate occurs depends on the patient. Some people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may have just a few episodes of rapid heart rate. Others may have the rapid heart rate once or twice a week. Sometimes there are no symptoms, and the condition is detected when a heart tests are done for another reason.
A person with WPW syndrome may have:
Chest pain or chest tightness Dizziness Light-headedness Fainting Sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations) Shortness of breath
In rare cases, arrhythmias associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can lead to cardiac arrest and sudden death. The most common arrhythmia associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? | Normally, electrical signals in the heart go through a pathway that helps the heart beat regularly. The wiring of the heart prevents extra beats from occurring and keeps the next beat from happening too soon. In people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, there is an extra, or accessory, pathway that may cause a very rapid heart rate. This is called supraventricular tachycardia. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ? | Mutations in the PRKAG2 gene cause Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Most cases of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome occur in people with no apparent family history of the condition. These cases are described as sporadic and are not inherited. Familial Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome accounts for only a small percentage of all cases of this condition. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ? | Call your health care provider if symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White develop, or if you have this disorder and symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Catheter ablation cures this disorder in most patients. The success rate for the procedure ranges between 85 - 95%. Success rate will vary depending on location of accessory pathway and number of accessory pathways. | Answer this question truthfully |
Why this medication is prescribed? | Doxazosin (Cardura, Cardura XL) is used in men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH), which include difficulty urinating (hesitation, dribbling, weak stream, and incomplete bladder emptying), painful urination, and urinary frequency and urgency. Doxazosin (Cardura) is also used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Doxazosin is in a class of medications called alpha-blockers. It relieves the symptoms of BPH by relaxing the muscles of the bladder and prostate. It lowers blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily through the body. | Answer this question truthfully |
How this medication should be used? | Doxazosin comes as a tablet and an extended-release tablet to take by mouth. The doxazosin tablet is usually taken with or without food once a day in the morning or in the evening. The doxazosin extended-release tablet is usually taken once a day with breakfast. To help you remember to take doxazosin, take it around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take doxazosin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
Swallow the extended-release tablets whole; do not split, chew, or crush them.
Your doctor will start you on a low dose of doxazosin and gradually increase your dose, not more than once every 1 to 2 weeks. If you stop taking doxazosin for a few days or longer, call your doctor. Your doctor will have to start you again on the lowest dose of doxazosin and gradually increase your dose.
Doxazosin controls high blood pressure and the symptoms of BPH but does not cure them. It may take a few weeks before you feel the full benefit of doxazosin. Continue to take doxazosin even if you feel well. Do not stop taking doxazosin without talking to your doctor. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to do if you forget a dose? | Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. Check with your doctor if you have missed two or more doses. | Answer this question truthfully |
Why this medication is prescribed? | Pravastatin is used together with lifestyle changes (diet, weight-loss, exercise) to reduce the amount of cholesterol (a fat-like substance) and other fatty substances in the blood. Pravastatin is in a class of medications called HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). It works by slowing the production of cholesterol in the body.
Buildup of cholesterol and other fats along the walls of the blood vessels (a process known as atherosclerosis) decreases blood flow and, therefore, the oxygen supply to the heart, brain, and other parts of the body. Lowering blood levels of cholesterol and other fats may help to decrease your chances of getting heart disease, angina (chest pain), strokes, and heart attacks. In addition to taking a cholesterol-lowering medication, making certain changes in your daily habits can also lower your cholesterol blood levels. You should eat a diet that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol (see SPECIAL DIETARY), exercise 30 minutes on most, if not all days, and lose weight if you are overweight. | Answer this question truthfully |
How this medication should be used? | Pravastatin comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day with or without food. Take pravastatin at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take pravastatin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
Your doctor may start you on a low dose of pravastatin and gradually increase your dose, not more than once every 4 weeks.
Continue to take pravastatin even if you feel well. Do not stop taking pravastatin without talking to your doctor. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to do if you forget a dose? | Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue the regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. | Answer this question truthfully |
What is the most important information I should know about rivaroxaban? | People with atrial fibrillation (an irregular heart beat) are at an increased risk of forming a blood clot in the heart, which can travel to the brain, causing a stroke, or to other parts of the body. rivaroxaban lowers your chance of having a stroke by helping to prevent clots from forming. If you stop taking rivaroxaban, you may have increased risk of forming a clot in your blood.
Do not stop taking rivaroxaban without talking to the doctor who prescribes it for you. Stopping rivaroxaban increases your risk of having a stroke.
If you have to stop taking rivaroxaban, your doctor may prescribe another blood thinner medicine to prevent a blood clot from forming.
Rivaroxaban can cause bleeding which can be serious, and rarely may lead to death. This is because rivaroxaban is a blood thinner medicine that reduces blood clotting. While you take rivaroxaban you are likely to bruise more easily and it may take longer for bleeding to stop.
You may have a higher risk of bleeding if you take rivaroxaban and take other medicines that increase your risk of bleeding, including:
Aspirin or aspirin containing products Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Warfarin sodium (Coumadin®, Jantoven®) Any medicine that contains heparin Clopidogrel (Plavix®) Other medicines to prevent or treat blood clots
Tell your doctor if you take any of these medicines. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure if your medicine is one listed above.
Unexpected bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, such as:
Nose bleeds that happen often Unusual bleeding from the gums Menstrual bleeding that is heavier than normal or vaginal bleeding
Bleeding that is severe or you cannot control Red, pink or brown urine Bright red or black stools (looks like tar) Cough up blood or blood clots Vomit blood or your vomit looks like "coffee grounds" Headaches, feeling dizzy or weak Pain, swelling, or new drainage at wound sites
People who take a blood thinner medicine (anticoagulant) like rivaroxaban, and have medicine injected into their spinal and epidural area, or have a spinal puncture have a risk of forming a blood clot that can cause long-term or permanent loss of the ability to move (paralysis). Your risk of developing a spinal or epidural blood clot is higher if:
A thin tube called an epidural catheter is placed in your back to give you certain medicine. You take NSAIDs or a medicine to prevent blood from clotting You have a history of difficult or repeated epidural or spinal punctures You have a history of problems with your spine or have had surgery on your spine.
If you take rivaroxaban and receive spinal anesthesia or have a spinal puncture, your doctor should watch you closely for symptoms of spinal or epidural blood clots. Tell your doctor right away if you have back pain, tingling, numbness, muscle weakness (especially in your legs and feet), loss of control of the bowels or bladder (incontinence). | Answer this question truthfully |
What is rivaroxaban? | Rivaroxaban is a prescription medicine used to:
Reduce the risk of stroke and blood clots in people who have a medical condition called atrial fibrillation. With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to the formation of blood clots, which can travel to the brain, causing a stroke, or to other parts of the body. Treat blood clots in the veins of your legs (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism) and reduce the risk of them occurring again. Reduce the risk of forming a blood clot in the legs and lungs of people who have just had hip or knee replacement surgery.
It is not known if rivaroxaban is safe and effective in children. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who should not take rivaroxaban? | Do not take rivaroxaban if you:
Currently have certain types of abnormal bleeding. Talk to your doctor before taking rivaroxaban if you currently have unusual bleeding. Are allergic to rivaroxaban or any of the ingredients in rivaroxaban. See the end of this leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in rivaroxaban. | Answer this question truthfully |
What should I tell my doctor before taking rivaroxaban? | Before you take rivaroxaban, tell your doctor if you:
Have ever had bleeding problems Have liver or kidney problems Have any other medical condition Are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if rivaroxaban will harm your unborn baby. Tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant while Taking rivaroxaban. If you take rivaroxaban during pregnancy tell your doctor right away if you have any bleeding or symptoms of blood loss. Are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if rivaroxaban passes into your breast milk. You and your doctor should decide if you will take rivaroxaban or breastfeed.
Tell all of your doctors and dentists that you are taking rivaroxaban. They should talk to the doctor who prescribed rivaroxaban for you before you have any surgery, medical or dental procedure.
Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some of your other medicines may affect the way rivaroxaban works. Certain medicines may increase your risk of bleeding.
Especially tell your doctor if you take:
Ketoconazole (Nizoral®) Itraconazole (Onmel™, Sporanox®) Ritonavir (Norvir®) Lopinavir / ritonavir (Kaletra®) Indinavir (Crixivan®) Carbamazepine (Carbatrol®, Equetro®, Tegretol®, Tegretol®-XR, Teril™, Epitol®) Phenytoin (Dilantin-125®, Dilantin®) Phenobarbital (Solfoton™) Rifampin (Rifater®, Rifamate®, Rimactane®, Rifadin®) St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Ask your doctor if you are not sure if your medicine is one listed above.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your doctor and pharmacist when you get a new medicine. | Answer this question truthfully |
How should I take rivaroxaban? | Take rivaroxaban exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not change your dose or stop taking rivaroxaban unless your doctor tells you to. Your doctor will tell you how much rivaroxaban to take and when to take it. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. If you take rivaroxaban for:
1. Atrial fibrillation: Take rivaroxaban 1 time a day with your evening meal. If you miss a dose of rivaroxaban, take it as soon as you remember on the same day. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
2. Blood clots in the veins of your legs or lungs: Take rivaroxaban once or twice a day as prescribed by your doctor. Take rivaroxaban with food at the same time each day. If you miss a dose of rivaroxaban: And take rivaroxaban 2 times a day: Take rivaroxaban as soon as you remember on the same day. You may take 2 doses at the same time to make up for the missed dose. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time. And take rivaroxaban 1 time a day: Take rivaroxaban as soon as you remember on the same day. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
3. Hip or knee replacement surgery: Take rivaroxaban 1 time a day with or without food. If you miss a dose of rivaroxaban, take it as soon as you remember on the same day. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
If you have difficulty swallowing the tablet whole, talk to your doctor about other ways to take rivaroxaban. Your doctor will decide how long you should take rivaroxaban. Do not stop taking rivaroxaban without talking with your doctor first. Your doctor may stop rivaroxaban for a short time before any surgery, medical or dental procedure. Your doctor will tell you when to start taking rivaroxaban again after your surgery or procedure. Do not run out of rivaroxaban. Refill your prescription of rivaroxaban before you run out. When leaving the hospital following a hip or knee replacement, be sure that you will have rivaroxaban available to avoid missing any doses. If you take too much rivaroxaban, go to the nearest hospital emergency room or call your doctor right away. | Answer this question truthfully |
How should I store rivaroxaban? | Store rivaroxaban at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20° to 25° C).
Keep rivaroxaban and all medicines out of the reach of children. | Answer this question truthfully |
How should this medicine be used? | Valsartan comes as a tablet to take by mouth. For the treatment of high blood pressure, it is usually taken once a day with or without food. For the treatment of heart failure, it is usually taken twice a day with or without food.To help you remember to take valsartan, take it around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take valsartan exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
Your doctor may start you on a low dose of valsartan and gradually increase your dose.
Valsartan controls high blood pressure and heart failure but does not cure them. Continue to take valsartan even if you feel well. Do not stop taking valsartan without talking to your doctor. | Answer this question truthfully |
Why is this medication prescribed? | Warfarin is used to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger in your blood and blood vessels. It is prescribed for people with certain types of irregular heartbeat, people with prosthetic (replacement or mechanical) heart valves, and people who have suffered a heart attack. Warfarin is also used to treat or prevent venous thrombosis (swelling and blood clot in a vein) and pulmonary embolism (a blood clot in the lung). Warfarin is in a class of medications called anticoagulants ('blood thinners'). It works by decreasing the clotting ability of the blood. | Answer this question truthfully |
How should this medicine be used? | Warfarin comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day with or without food. Take warfarin at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take warfarin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Call your doctor immediately if you take more than your prescribed dose of warfarin.
Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of warfarin and gradually increase or decrease your dose based on the results of your blood tests. Make sure you understand any new dosing instructions from your doctor.
Continue to take warfarin even if you feel well. Do not stop taking warfarin without talking to your doctor.
Other uses for this medicine
This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. | Answer this question truthfully |
What special precautions should I follow? | Before taking warfarin,
tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to warfarin, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in warfarin tablets. Ask your pharmacist or check the Medication Guide for a list of the ingredients. do not take two or more medications that contain warfarin at the same time. Be sure to check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are uncertain if a medication contains warfarin or warfarin sodium. tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, and nutritional supplements you are taking or plan to take, especially acyclovir (Zovirax); allopurinol (Zyloprim); alprazolam (Xanax); antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), clarithromycin (Biaxin, in Prevpac), erythromycin (E.E.S., Eryc, Ery-Tab), nafcillin, norfloxacin (Noroxin), sulfinpyrazone, telithromycin (Ketek), and tigecycline (Tygacil); anticoagulants such as argatroban (Acova), dabigatran (Pradaxa), bivalirudin (Angiomax), desirudin (Iprivask), heparin, and lepirudin (Refludan); antifungals such as fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), miconazole (Monistat), posaconazole (Noxafil), terbinafine (Lamisil), voriconazole (Vfend); antiplatelet medications such as cilostazol (Pletal), clopidogrel (Plavix), dipyridamole (Persantine, in Aggrenox), prasugrel (Effient), and ticlopidine (Ticlid); aprepitant (Emend); aspirin or aspirin-containing products and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Flector, Voltaren, in Arthrotec), diflunisal, fenoprofen (Nalfon), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), indomethacin (Indocin), ketoprofen, ketorolac, mefenamic acid (Ponstel), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), oxaprozin (Daypro), piroxicam (Feldene), and sulindac (Clinoril); bicalutamide; bosentan; certain antiarrhythmic medications such as amiodarone (Cordarone, Nexterone, Pacerone), mexiletine, and propafenone (Rythmol); certain calcium channel blocking medications such as amlodipine (Norvasc, in Azor, Caduet, Exforge, Lotrel, Twynsta), diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Tiazac) and verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan, in Tarka); certain medications for asthma such as montelukast (Singulair), zafirlukast (Accolate), and zileuton (Zyflo); certain medications used to treat cancer such as capecitabine (Xeloda), imatinib (Gleevec), and nilotinib (Tasigna); certain medications for cholesterol such as atorvastatin (Lipitor, in Caduet) and fluvastatin (Lescol); certain medications for digestive disorders such as cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), and ranitidine (Zantac); certain medications for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection such as amprenavir, atazanavir (Reyataz), efavirenz (Sustiva), etravirine (Intelence), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir/ritonavir, nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir), saquinavir (Invirase), and tipranavir (Aptivus); certain medications for narcolepsy such as armodafinil (Nuvigil) and modafinil (Provigil); certain medications for seizures such as carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol), phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek), and rufinamide (Banzel); certain medications to treat tuberculosis such as isoniazid (in Rifamate, Rifater) and rifampin (Rifadin, in Rifamate, Rifater); certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as citalopram (Celexa), desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), duloxetine (Cymbalta), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, in Symbyax), fluvoxamine (Luvox), milnacipran (Savella), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva), sertraline (Zoloft), venlafaxine (Effexor) corticosteroids such as prednisone; cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune); disulfiram (Antabuse); methoxsalen (Oxsoralen, Uvadex); metronidazole (Flagyl); nefazodone (Serzone), oral contraceptives (birth control pills); oxandrolone (Oxandrin); pioglitazone (Actos, in Actoplus Met, Duetact, Oseni); propranolol (Inderal) or vilazodone (Viibryd). Many other medications may also interact with warfarin, so be sure to:* tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking, even those that do not appear on this list. Do not take any new medications or stop taking any medication without talking to your doctor. tell your doctor and pharmacist what herbal or botanical products you are taking, especially coenzyme Q10 (Ubidecarenone), Echinacea, garlic, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, goldenseal, and St. John's wort. There are many other herbal or botanical products which might affect your body's response to warfarin. Do not start or stop taking any herbal products without talking to your doctor. tell your doctor if you have or have ever had diabetes. Also tell your doctor if you have an infection, a gastrointestinal illness such as diarrhea, or sprue (an allergic reaction to protein found in grains that causes diarrhea), or an indwelling catheter (a flexible plastic tube that is placed into the bladder to allow the urine to drain out). tell your doctor if you are pregnant, think you might be pregnant, or plan to become pregnant while taking warfarin. Pregnant women should not take warfarin unless they have a mechanical heart valve. Talk to your doctor about the use of effective birth control while taking warfarin. If you become pregnant while taking warfarin, call your doctor immediately. Warfarin may harm the fetus. tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding. if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, or any type of medical or dental procedure, tell the doctor or dentist that you are taking warfarin. Your doctor may tell you to stop taking warfarin before the surgery or procedure or change your dosage of warfarin before the surgery or procedure. Follow your doctor's directions carefully and keep all appointments with the laboratory if your doctor orders blood tests to find the best dose of warfarin for you. ask your doctor about the safe use of alcoholic beverages while you are taking warfarin. tell your doctor if you use tobacco products. Cigarette smoking may decrease the effectiveness of this medication. | Answer this question truthfully |
What special dietary instructions should I follow? | Eat a normal, healthy diet. Some foods and beverages, particularly those that contain vitamin K, can affect how warfarin works for you. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a list of foods that contain vitamin K. Eat consistent amounts of vitamin K-containing food on a week-to-week basis. Do not eat large amounts of leafy, green vegetables or certain vegetable oils that contain large amounts of vitamin K. Be sure to talk to your doctor before you make any changes in your diet. Talk to your doctor about eating grapefruit and drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication. | Answer this question truthfully |
What should I do if I forget a dose? | Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it, if it is the same day that you were to take the dose. Do not take a double dose the next day to make up for a missed one. Call your doctor if you miss a dose of warfarin. | Answer this question truthfully |
What side effects can this medication cause? | Warfarin may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
gas
abdominal pain
bloating
change in the way things taste
loss of hair
feeling cold or having chills
If you experience any of the following symptoms, or those listed in the IMPORTANT WARNING section, call your doctor immediately:
hives
rash
itching
difficulty breathing or swallowing
swelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, or eyes
hoarseness
chest pain or pressure
swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
fever
infection
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
extreme tiredness
lack of energy
loss of appetite
pain in the upper right part of the stomach
yellowing of the skin or eyes
flu-like symptoms
You should know that warfarin may cause necrosis or gangrene (death of skin or other body tissues). Call your doctor immediately if you notice a purplish or darkened color to your skin, skin changes, ulcers, or an unusual problem in any area of your skin or body, or if you have a severe pain that occurs suddenly, or color or temperature change in any area of your body. Call your doctor immediately if your toes become painful or become purple or dark in color. You may need medical care right away to prevent amputation (removal) of your affected body part.
Warfarin may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while taking this medication. | Answer this question truthfully |
What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication? | Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out * of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat, moisture (not in the bathroom), and light. Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication. | Answer this question truthfully |
What other information should I know? | Carry an identification card or wear a bracelet stating that you take warfarin. Ask your pharmacist or doctor how to obtain this card or bracelet. List your name, medical problems, medications and dosages, and doctor's name and telephone number on the card.
Tell all your healthcare providers that you take warfarin.
Do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription.
It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Acanthosis nigricans? | Acanthosis nigricans usually appears slowly and doesn't cause any symptoms other than skin changes.
Eventually, dark, velvety skin with very visible markings and creases appears in the armpits, groin and neck folds, and over the joints of the fingers and toes.
Less commonly, the lips, palms, soles of the feet, or other areas may be affected. These symptoms are more common in people with cancer. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Acanthosis nigricans? | Obesity can lead to acanthosis nigricans, as can some endocrine disorders. It is often found in people with obesity-related diabetes.
Some drugs, particularly hormones such as human growth hormone or oral contraceptives ("the pill"), can also cause acanthosis nigricans.
People with lymphoma or cancers of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tracts can also develop severe cases of acanthosis nigricans. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Acanthosis nigricans ? | Acanthosis nigricans can affect otherwise healthy people, or it can be related to medical problems. Some cases are genetically inherited. The condition is most commonly seen among people of African descent, in part because it is easier to see in darker skin. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Acanthosis nigricans ? | Call your health care provider if you develop areas of thick, dark, velvety skin. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Acanthosis nigricans (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Acanthosis nigricans often fades if the cause can be found and treated. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Acne? | Acne commonly appears on the face and shoulders, but it may also occur on the trunk, arms, legs, and buttocks.
Blackheads Crusting of skin bumps Cysts Papules (small red bumps) Pustules Redness around the skin eruptions Scarring of the skin Whiteheads | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Acne? | Acne occurs when tiny holes on the surface of the skin, called pores, become clogged.
Each pore is an opening to a follicle, which contains a hair and an oil gland. These oil glands help lubricate the skin and help remove old skin cells. When glands produce too much oil, the pores can become blocked. Dirt, debris, bacteria, and inflammatory cells build up. The blockage is called a plug or comedone. The top of the plug may be white (whitehead) or dark (blackhead). If the plug breaks open, the material inside causes swelling and red bumps to form. If the inflammation is deep in your skin, the pimples may enlarge to form firm, painful cysts.
Acne is a problem of swelling and inflammation, not a problem caused by bacteria.
Acne tends to run in families and can be triggered by:
Hormonal changes related to menstrual periods, pregnancy, birth control pills, or stress Greasy or oily cosmetic and hair products Certain drugs (such as steroids, testosterone, estrogen, and phenytoin) High levels of humidity and sweating
Despite the popular belief that chocolate, nuts, and greasy foods cause acne, research does not confirm this idea. Diets high in refined sugars may be related to acne, though. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Acne ? | Acne is most common in teenagers, but it can happen at any age, even in an infant. Three out of four teenagers have some acne. Hormonal changes probably cause increased oil in the skin. However, people in their 30s and 40s may also have acne. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Acne ? | Call your doctor or a dermatologist if:
Self-care measures and over-the-counter medicine have not helped after several months Your acne is severe (for example, you have a lot of redness around the pimples or you have cysts) Your acne is getting worse You develop scars as your acne clears up
Call your baby's health care provider if your baby has acne that does not clear up on its own within 3 months. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Acne (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Acne usually goes away after the teenage years, but it may last into middle age. The condition often responds well to treatment after 6 - 8 weeks, but it may flare up from time to time.
Scarring may occur if severe acne is not treated. Some people, especially teenagers, can become very depressed if acne is not treated. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Acne vulgaris? | Sometimes, the hair, sebum, and skin cells clump together into a plug. The bacteria in the plug causes swelling. Then when the plug starts to break down, a pimple grows.
There are many types of pimples. The most common types are:
Whiteheads: These are pimples that stay under the surface of the skin.
Blackheads: These pimples rise to the skin's surface and look black. The black color is not from dirt.
Papules: These are small pink bumps that can be tender.
Pustules: These pimples are red at the bottom and have pus on top.
Nodules: These are large, painful, solid pimples that are deep in the skin.
Cysts: These deep, painful, pus-filled pimples can cause scars. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Acne vulgaris? | The cause of acne is unknown. Doctors think certain factors might cause it: The hormone increase in teenage years (this can cause the oil glands to plug up more often)
Hormone changes during pregnancy Starting or stopping birth control pills Heredity (if your parents had acne, you might get it, too) Some types of medicine Greasy makeup
There are many myths about what causes acne. Dirty skin and stress do not cause acne. Also, chocolate and greasy foods do not cause acne in most people. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Acne vulgaris? | Acne is the most common skin disease. People of all races and ages get acne. But it is most common in teenagers and young adults. An estimated 80 percent of all people between the ages of 11 and 30 have acne outbreaks at some point. Some people in their forties and fifties still get acne. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are some precautions against Acne vulgaris? | Some things can make acne worse:
Changing hormone levels in teenage girls and adult women 2 to 7 days before their period starts Pressure from bike helmets, backpacks, or tight collars Pollution and high humidity Squeezing or picking at pimples Hard scrubbing of the skin.
Here are some ways to care for skin if you have acne:
Clean skin gently: Use a mild cleanser in the morning, evening, and after heavy workouts. Scrubbing the skin does not stop acne. It can even make the problem worse. Try not to touch your skin: People who squeeze, pinch, or pick their pimples can get scars or dark spots on their skin. Shave carefully: If you shave, you can try both electric and safety razors to see which works best. With safety razors, use a sharp blade. Also, it helps to soften your beard with soap and water before putting on shaving cream. Shave lightly and only when you have to. Stay out of the sun: Many acne medicines can make people more likely to sunburn. Being in the sun a lot can also make skin wrinkle and raise the risk of skin cancer. Choose makeup carefully: All makeup should be oil free. Look for the word noncomedogenic on the label. This means that the makeup will not clog up your pores. But some people still get acne even if they use these products. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Acne vulgaris ? | Call your doctor or a dermatologist if:
Self-care measures and over-the-counter medicine have not helped after several months Your acne is severe (for example, you have a lot of redness around the pimples or you have cysts) Your acne is getting worse You develop scars as your acne clears up
Call your baby's health care provider if your baby has acne that does not clear up on its own within 3 months. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Acne vulgaris (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Acne usually goes away after the teenage years, but it may last into middle age. The condition often responds well to treatment after 6 - 8 weeks, but it may flare up from time to time.
Scarring may occur if severe acne is not treated. Some people, especially teenagers, can become very depressed if acne is not treated. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Acrodermatitis? | Rash or patch on skin Brownish-red or copper-colored patch that is firm and flat on top String of bumps may appear in a line Generally not itchy Rash looks the same on both sides of the body Rash may appear on the palms and soles -- it does not occur on the back, chest, or belly area (this is one of the ways it is identified -- by the absence of the rash from the trunk of the body)
Other symptoms that may appear include:
Swollen abdomen Swollen lymph nodes Tender lymph nodes | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Acrodermatitis? | The cause of acrodermatitis is poorly understood, but its link with other infections is well- documented.
In Italian children, acrodermatitis is seen frequently with hepatitis B, but this link is rarely seen in the United States. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, mononucleosis) is the virus most often associated with acrodermatitis. Other associated viruses inclcude, cytomegalovirus, coxsackie viruses, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and some live virus vaccines.
A rare, genetic form of acrodermatitis is acrodermatitis enteropathica. In this disorder, zinc is poorly absorbed from the diet. Adding zinc supplements to the diet improves the condition. This form of the disorder can be associated with other abnormalities and development delays. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Acrodermatitis ? | Call your health care provider if your child has signs of this condition. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Acrodermatitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Acrodermatitis usually disappears on its own without treatment or complication. However, the associated conditions must be watched carefully. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Actinic keratosis? | Actinic keratosis is usually found on the face, scalp, back of the hands, chest, or other sun-exposed areas.
They may be gray, pink, red, or the same color as the skin. Often, they have a white or yellow scale on top.
They begin as flat and scaly areas Later they develop a hard and wart-like or gritty, rough, and "sandpapery" surface -- may develop a horn-like texture
The skin lesion may be easier to feel than to see. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Actinic keratosis? | Actinic keratosis is caused by sun exposure, but it takes many years or decades to develop. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Actinic keratosis ? | Risk factors for actinic keratosis include:
Having fair skin, blue or green eyes, or blond or red hair History of kidney or other solid organ transplant (people who take medicines that suppress the immune system) Long-term, daily sun exposure (for example, if you work outdoors) Multiple, severe sunburns early in life Older age | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Actinic keratosis ? | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if areas of persistent roughness or scaliness develop in sun-exposed skin. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Actinic keratosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Actinic keratosis itself is harmless (benign), but about 5% develop into skin cancer.
Removal of the growth is usually effective. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Actinomycosis? | Draining sores in the skin, especially on the chest wall from lung infection with Actinomyces Fever Minimal or no pain Swelling or a hard, red to reddish-purple lump on the face or upper neck Weight loss | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Actinomycosis? | Actinomycosis is usually caused by an anaerobic bacteria called Actinomyces israelii, which is a common and normally not disease-causing (nonpathogenic) organism found in the nose and throat. Because of the bacteria's normal location in the nose and throat, actinomycosis most commonly appears in the face and neck. However, the infection can sometimes occur in the chest (pulmonary actinomycosis), abdomen, pelvis, or other areas of the body. The infection is not contagious. Symptoms occur when the bacteria enters the facial tissues after trauma, surgery, or infection. A common triggering causes is dental abscess or oral surgery. The infection has also been seen in certain women who have had an intrauterine device (IUD) to prevent pregnancy. Once in the tissue, it forms an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw, from which comes the condition's common name, "lumpy jaw." Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Actinomyces ? | Actinomycosis is usually caused by an anaerobic bacteria called Actinomyces israelii, which is a common and normally not disease-causing (nonpathogenic) organism found in the nose and throat.Because of the bacteria's normal location in the nose and throat, actinomycosis most commonly appears in the face and neck. However, the infection can sometimes occur in the chest (pulmonary actinomycosis), abdomen, pelvis, or other areas of the body. The infection is not contagious. Symptoms occur when the bacteria enters the facial tissues after trauma, surgery, or infection. A common triggering causes is dental abscess or oral surgery. The infection has also been seen in certain women who have had an intrauterine device (IUD) to prevent pregnancy. Once in the tissue, it forms an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw, from which comes the condition's common name, "lumpy jaw." Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Actinomyces ? | Contact a doctor once you have the symptoms suggestive of Actinomycosis | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Actinomyces (Outlook/Prognosis)? | With treatment, you should recover fully. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Actinomycosis? | Draining sores in the skin, especially on the chest wall from lung infection with Actinomyces Fever Minimal or no pain Swelling or a hard, red to reddish-purple lump on the face or upper neck Weight loss | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Actinomycosis? | Actinomycosis is usually caused by an anaerobic bacteria called Actinomyces israelii, which is a common and normally not disease-causing (nonpathogenic) organism found in the nose and throat. Because of the bacteria's normal location in the nose and throat, actinomycosis most commonly appears in the face and neck. However, the infection can sometimes occur in the chest (pulmonary actinomycosis), abdomen, pelvis, or other areas of the body. The infection is not contagious. Symptoms occur when the bacteria enters the facial tissues after trauma, surgery, or infection. A common triggering causes is dental abscess or oral surgery. The infection has also been seen in certain women who have had an intrauterine device (IUD) to prevent pregnancy. Once in the tissue, it forms an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw, from which comes the condition's common name, "lumpy jaw." Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Actinomycosis ? | Actinomycosis is usually caused by an anaerobic bacteria called Actinomyces israelii, which is a common and normally not disease-causing (nonpathogenic) organism found in the nose and throat.Because of the bacteria's normal location in the nose and throat, actinomycosis most commonly appears in the face and neck. However, the infection can sometimes occur in the chest (pulmonary actinomycosis), abdomen, pelvis, or other areas of the body. The infection is not contagious. Symptoms occur when the bacteria enters the facial tissues after trauma, surgery, or infection. A common triggering causes is dental abscess or oral surgery. The infection has also been seen in certain women who have had an intrauterine device (IUD) to prevent pregnancy. Once in the tissue, it forms an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw, from which comes the condition's common name, "lumpy jaw." Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Actinomycosis ? | Contact a doctor once you have the symptoms suggestive of Actinomycosis | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Actinomycosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | With treatment, you should recover fully. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Albinism? | Symptoms of albinism include both dermal and eye features:
White or hypo-pigmented hair White or hypo-pigmented eyelashes White or hypo-pigmented skin Photophobia Decreased visual acuity Pink or hypopigmented eyes Strabismus | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Albinism? | Albinism is caused by mutation of genes that lead to defect in melanin synthesis. This mutation is inherited through the family.
Types of albinism include:
Oculocutaneous albinism; causes white or hypopigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. The hypopigmentaion is usually seen when patients are compared to other family members Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome; causes white or hypopigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes along with bleeding and lung problems Chediak-Higashi syndrome; Causes white or hypopigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. It increases susceptibility to infection along with nerve defects and bleeding problems Ocular albinism; causes hypopigmentation of eyes, nystagmus, strabismus, decreased visual acuity, and photophobia | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Albinism ? | Individuals with familial history of albinism are at risk of albinism | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Albinism ? | If you notice skin changes, they might be possible developing skin cancer If you notice a change in your vision or light sensitivity | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Albinism (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Patient with albinism has normal life expectancy | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Hair loss? | Hair loss usually develops gradually and may be patchy or all over (diffuse). You lose roughly 100 hairs from your head every day. The average scalp contains about 100,000 hairs. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Hair loss? | A sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.
Cause of this type of hair loss are:
Childbirth Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein High fever or severe infection Major surgery, major illness, sudden blood loss A number of medications, including retinoids, birth control pills, beta-blockers, certain antidepressants, NSAIDs (including iburpofen) and calcium channel blockers Severe emotional stress
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:
Alopecia areata -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well. Anemia Autoimmune conditions such as lupus Burns Certain infectious diseases such as syphilis Excessive shampooing and blow-drying Hormone changes Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing Radiation therapy Thyroid diseases Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) Tumor of the ovary or adrenal glands | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Alopecia ? | Some women ages 30 - 60 may notice a thinning of the hair that affects the entire scalp. The hair loss may be heavier at first, and then gradually slow or stop. There is no known cause for this type of hair loss.
Both men and women tend to lose hair thickness and amount as they age. Baldness is not usually caused by a disease. It is related to aging, heredity, and changes in the hormome, testosterone. Inherited or "pattern baldness" affects many more men than women. About one-half of men begin to bald by the time they are 30 years old, and most are either bald or have a balding pattern by age 60. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Alopecia ? | Call your doctor if:
You are losing hair in an unusual pattern You are losing hair rapidly or at an early age (for example, in your teens or twenties) You have any pain or itching with the hair loss The skin on your scalp under the involved area is red, scaly, or otherwise abnormal You have acne, facial hair, or an abnormal menstrual cycle You are a woman and have male pattern baldness You have bald spots on your beard or eyebrows You have been gaining weight or have muscle weakness, intolerance to cold temperatures, or fatigue | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Alopecia (Outlook/Prognosis)? | A careful medical history and examination of the hair and scalp are usually enough to diagnose the cause of your hair loss.
Your doctor will ask detailed questions such as:
Are you losing hair only from your scalp or from other parts of your body as well? Is there a pattern to the hair loss, like a receding hairline or thinning or bald areas on the crown, or is the hair loss throughout your head? Have you had a recent illness or high fever ? Do you dye your hair ? Do you blow dry your hair? How often? How often do you shampoo your hair? What kind of shampoo, hair spray, gel, or other product do you put on your hair? Have you been under unusual stress lately? Do you have nervous habits that include hair pulling or scalp rubbing? Do you have any other symptoms like itching, flaking, or redness of your scalp? What medications do you take, including over-the-counter drugs?
Tests that may be performed (but are rarely needed) include:
Blood tests to rule out disease Microscopic examination of a plucked hair Skin biopsy
Ringworm on the scalp may require the use of an oral drug, such as griseofulvin. Creams and lotions applied to the affected area may not get into the hair follicles to kill the fungus. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Angioma? | Skin angioma: Skin angioma can be diagnosed by your dermatologist. Most hemangiomas are on the face and neck. The usual signs are the following:
A red to reddish-purple, raised sore on the skin A massive, raised tumor with blood vessels
Internal organ angioma: Patients with internal organ angiomas may not feel any discomfort at the beginning. When the angioma grows larger, some symptoms may appear including:
Pain: This is due to the compression of the angioma on normal tissues. Bleeding: The walls of angiomas are very weak. Angioma's have a high risk of rupturing and bleeding. If it bleeds, it is dangerous and can cause death. Dysfunction of the internal organs: In the liver, the angioma can cause liver dysfunction and appear as jaundice and dyspepsia. In the brain, large angiomas can actually compress important nerves and may cause feeling disorders, movements disorders and even hemiplegia. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Angioma ? | Data suggests that risk factor statistics for angiomas include:
There is a 1 in 200 chance of having a cavernous angioma if the parent has a solitary cavernous angioma in the US There is a 50% chance of having a cavernous angioma if the parent has a multiple cavernous angiomas in the US | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Angioma ? | Call your health care provider if symptoms of an angioma develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seek urgent medical care as soon as possible:
Secondary infection of a skin angioma Local severe pain: such as severe headache, severe abdominal pain. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Angioma (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Skin angioma: Small, superficial hemangiomas often disappear on their own. About 50% go away by age 5, and 90% are gone by age 9.
Internal organ angioma: The prognosis of internal organ angioma depends on the location, the size and whether the angioma rupture or not. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Aspergillosis? | Symptoms depend on the type of infection.Symptoms of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis may include:
Cough Coughing up blood or brownish mucus plugs Fever General ill feeling (malaise) Wheezing Weight loss
Other symptoms depend on the part of the body affected, and may include:
Blood in the urine Bone pain Chest pain Chills Decreased urine output Headaches Increased phlegm production, which may be bloody Shortness of breath Skin sores (lesions) Vision problems | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Aspergillosis? | Aspergillosis is caused by a fungus (Aspergillus), which is commonly found growing on dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or in other decaying vegetation. It can also be found on marijuana leaves.
Although most people are often exposed to aspergillus, infections caused by the fungus rarely occur in people who have a normal immune system. The rare infections caused by aspergillus include pneumonia and fungus ball (aspergilloma).There are several forms of aspergillosis:
Pulmonary aspergillosis - allergic bronchopulmonary type is an allergic reaction to the fungus that usually develops in people who already have lung problems (such as asthma or cystic fibrosis). Aspergilloma is a growth (fungus ball) that develops in an area of past lung disease or lung scarring (such as tuberculosis or lung abscess). Pulmonary aspergillosis - invasive type is a serious infection with pneumonia that can spread to other parts of the body. This infection almost always occurs in people with a weakened immune system due to cancer, AIDS, leukemia, an organ transplant, chemotherapy, or other conditions or medications that lower the number of normal white blood cells or weaken the immune system. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Aspergillosis ? | Persons with a compromised immune system are at highest risk for developing a fungal infection like aspergillosis. In rare cases, a person with a normal immune system may become infected. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Aspergillosis ? | Call your health care provider if you develop symptoms of aspergillosis or if you have a weakened immune system and develop a fever. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Aspergillosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | With treatment, people with allergic aspergillosis usually get better over time. It is common for the disease to come back (relapse) and need repeat treatment.If invasive aspergillosis does not get better with drug treatment, it eventually leads to death. What happens to a person with invasive aspergillosis also depends on their disease and immune system function. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Ataxia telangiectasia? | Decreased coordination of movements (ataxia) in late childhood
Ataxic gait (cerebellar ataxia) Jerky gait Unsteady
Decreasing mental development, slows or stops after age 10-12 Delayed walking Discoloration of skin areas exposed to sunlight Discoloration of skin (coffee-with-milk colored spots) Enlarged blood vessels in skin of nose, ears, and inside of the elbow and knee Enlarged blood vessels in the whites of the eyes Jerky or abnormal eye movements (nystagmus) late in the disease Premature graying of the hair Seizures Sensitivity to radiation, including medical x-rays Severe respiratory infections that keep coming back (recurring) | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Ataxia telangiectasia? | Ataxia-telangiectasia is inherited, which means it is passed down through families. It is an autosomal recessive trait. This means that both parents must provide a defective gene for the child to have symptoms of the disorder.
The disease results from defects in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. Defects in this gene can lead to abnormal cell death in various places of the body, including the part of the brain that helps coordinate movement.
Boys and girls are equally affected. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Ataxia telangiectasia ? | Call your health care provider if your child develops symptoms of this disorder. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Ataxia telangiectasia (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Early death is common, but life expectancy varies.
Because persons with this condition are very sensitive to radiation, they should never be given radiation therapy, and no unnecessary x-rays should be done. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Athlete's foot? | The most common symptom is cracked, flaking, peeling skin between the toes or side of the foot. Other symptoms can include:
Red and itchy skin Burning or stinging pain Blisters that ooze or get crusty
If the fungus spreads to your nails, they can become discolored, thick, and even crumble. Athlete's foot may occur at the same time as other fungal skin infections such as ringworm or jock itch. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Athlete's foot? | Athlete's foot occurs when a certain fungus grows on your skin in your feet. In addition to the toes, it may also occur on the heels, palms, and between the fingers.
Athlete's foot is the most common type of tinea fungal infections. The fungus thrives in warm, moist areas. Your risk for getting athlete's foot increases if you:
Wear closed shoes, especially if they are plastic-lined Keep your feet wet for prolonged periods of time Sweat a lot Develop a minor skin or nail injury
Athlete's foot is contagious, and can be passed through direct contact, or contact with items such as shoes, stockings, and shower or pool surfaces. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Athlete%27s foot ? | Call your doctor right away if:
Your foot is swollen and warm to the touch, especially if there are red streaks. These are signs of a possible bacterial infection. Other signs include pus, drainage, and fever. You have diabetes or a weakened immune system and develop athlete's foot.
Also call your doctor if athlete's foot symptoms do not go away within 2- 4 weeks of self-care treatments. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Athlete%27s foot (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Athlete's foot infections range from mild to severe and may last a short or long time. They may persist or recur, but they generally respond well to treatment. Long-term medication and preventive measures may be needed | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Atopic dermatitis? | Skin changes may include:
Blisters with oozing and crusting Dry skin all over the body or areas of bumpy skin on the back of the arms and front of the thighs Ear discharge or bleeding Raw areas of the skin from scratching Skin coloring changes, such as more or less color than the normal skin tone Skin redness or inflammation around the blisters Thickened or leather-like areas (called lichenification), which can occur after long-term irritation and scratching The type and location of the rash can depend on the age of the patient:
In children younger than age 2, skin lesions begin on the face, scalp, hands, and feet. The rash is often itchy and bubble, ooze, or form crusts.
In older children and adults, the rash is more often seen on the inside of the knees and elbow. It can also appear on the neck, hands, and feet. Rashes may occur anywhere on the body during a bad outbreak. Intense itching is common. Itching may start even before the rash appears. Atopic dermatitis is often called the "itch that rashes" because the itching starts, and then the skin rash follows as a result of scratching. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Atopic dermatitis? | Atopic dermatitis is due to a skin reaction (similar to an allergy) in the skin. The reaction leads to ongoing swelling and redness. People with atopic dermititis may be more sensitive because their skin lacks certain proteins.
Atopic dermatitis is most common in infants. It may start as early as age 2 to 6 months. Many people outgrow it by early adulthood.
People with atopic dermatitis often have asthma or seasonal allergies. There is often a family history of allergies such as asthma, hay fever, or eczema. People with atopic dermatitis often test positive to allergy skin tests.
The following can make atopic dermatitis symptoms worse:
Allergies to pollen, mold, dust mites, or animals Cold and dry air in the winter Colds or the flu Contact with irritants and chemicals Contact with rough materials, such as wool Dry skin Emotional stress Drying out of the skin from taking too many baths or showers and swimming too often Getting too hot or too cold, as well as sudden changes of temperature Perfumes or dyes added to skin lotions or soaps | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Atopic dermatitis ? | Call your health care provider if:
Atopic dermatitis does not get better with home care Symptoms get worse or treatment does not work You have signs of infection (such as fever, redness, or pain) | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Atopic dermatitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Atopic dermatitis is a long-term condition. You can control it with treatment, by avoiding irritants, and by keeping the skin well-moisturized. In children, the condition often starts to go away around age 5 - 6, but flare-ups will often occur. In adults, the problem is generally a long-term or returning condition. Atopic dermatitis may be harder to control if it:
Begins at an early age Involves a large amount of the body Occurs along with allergic rhinitis and asthma Occurs in someone with a family history of eczema | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Basal cell carcinoma? | A change on the skin is the most common sign of skin cancer. This may be a new growth, a sore that doesn't heal, or a change in an old growth. Sometimes skin cancer is painful, but usually it is not. Not all skin cancers look the same. Skin changes to watch for:
Small, smooth, shiny, pale, or waxy lump
Firm, red lump
Sore or lump that bleeds or develops a crust or a scab
Flat red spot that is rough, dry, or scaly and may become itchy or tender
Red or brown patch that is rough and scaly | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Basal cell carcinoma ? | Doctors cannot explain why one person develops skin cancer and another does not, but we do know that skin cancer is not contagious. You cannot "catch" it from another person. However, research has shown that people with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop skin cancer. The following are risk factors for skin cancer:
Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
UV radiation comes from the sun, sunlamps, tanning beds, or tanning booths. A person's risk of skin cancer is related to lifetime exposure to UV radiation. Most skin cancer appears after age 50, but the sun damages the skin from an early age. UV radiation affects everyone. But people who have fair skin that freckles or burns easily are at greater risk. These people often also have red or blond hair and light -colored eyes. But even people who tan can get skin cancer. People who live in areas that get high levels of UV radiation have a higher risk of skin cancer. In the United States, areas in the south (such as Texas and Florida) get more UV radiation than areas in the north (such as Minnesota). Also, people who live in the mountains get high levels of UV radiation. UV radiation is present even in cold weather or on a cloudy day.
Scars or burns on the skin Infection with certain human papillomaviruses (HPV) Exposure to arsenic at work Chronic skin inflammation or skin ulcers Diseases that make the skin sensitive to the sun, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism, and basal cell nevus syndrome Radiation therapy Medical conditions or drugs that suppress the immune system Personal history of one or more skin cancers Family history of skin cancer Actinic keratosis
Actinic keratosis is a type of flat, scaly growth on the skin. It is most often found on areas exposed to the sun, especially the face and the backs of the hands. The growths may appear as rough red or brown patches on the skin. They may also appear as cracking or peeling of the lower lip that does not heal. Without treatment, a small number of these scaly growths may turn into squamous cell cancer.
Bowen's disease
Bowen's disease is a type of scaly or thickened patch on the skin. It may turn into squamous cell skin cancer. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Basal cell carcinoma ? | If the biopsy shows that you have cancer, your doctor needs to know the extent (stage) of the disease. The stage is based on:
The size of the growth How deeply it has grown beneath the top layer of skin Whether it has spread to nearby lymph nodes or to other parts of the body
The stages of skin cancer range from Stage 0 (when the cancer involves only the top layer of skin) to Stage IV (when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body). | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Basal cell carcinoma (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Skin cancer has a better prognosis, or outcome, than most other types of cancer.
Follow-up care after treatment for skin cancer is important. Your doctor will monitor your recovery and check for new skin cancer. New skin cancers are more common than having a treated skin cancer spread. Regular checkups help ensure that any changes in your health are noted and treated if needed. Between scheduled visits, you should check your skin regularly. You should contact the doctor if you notice anything unusual. It also is important to follow your doctor's advice about how to reduce your risk of developing skin cancer again. | Answer this question truthfully |