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What causes Dacryoadenitis? | Acute dacryoadenitis is most commonly due to viral or bacterial infection. Common causes include mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, staphylococcus, and gonococcus.
Chronic dacryoadenitis is usually due to noninfectious inflammatory disorders. Examples include sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, and orbital pseudotumor. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Dacryoadenitis ? | Call your health care provider if swelling or pain increase despite treatment. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Dacryoadenitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Most patients will fully recover from dacryoadenitis. For conditions with more serious causes, such as sarcoidosis, the prognosis is that of the underlying condition. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Dry eye syndrome? | Dry eye syndrome often occurs in people who are otherwise healthy.
In rare cases, it can be associated with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and other similar diseases. It may also be caused by heat (thermal) or chemical burns.
In areas of the world where malnutrition is common, vitamin A deficiency is a cause. This is rare in the United States. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Dry eye syndrome ? | It is more common with older age, because you produce fewer tears with age. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Dry eye syndrome ? | See your health care provider immediately if you have dry eyes and have:
A sudden increase in discomfort or redness A sudden decrease in vision | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Dry eye syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Most patients with dry eye have only discomfort, and no vision loss. With severe cases, the clear window on the front of the eye (cornea) may become damaged or infected. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Dry eyes? | If you have dry eyes, you will feel a burning, scratching, or stinging sensation. You may also have strained or tired eyes after reading, even for short periods of time. If you wear contacts, they will likely feel uncomfortable. Having dry eyes for a while can lead to tiny abrasions on the surface of your eyes. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Dry eyes? | Common causes of dry eyes include:
Aging Dry environment or workplace (wind, air conditioning) Sun exposure Smoking or second-hand smoke exposure Cold or allergy medicines An eye injury or other problem with your eyes or eyelids (like a drooping eyelid or bulging eyes) Sjogren's syndrome -- includes dry eyes, mouth, and mucus membranes, and often rheumatoid arthritis or other joint disorder Previous eye surgery | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Dry eyes ? | Call your health care provider if:
You have red or painful eyes. You have flaking, discharge, or a lesion on your eye or eyelid. You have had trauma to your eye, or you have a bulging eye or a drooping eyelid. You have joint pain, swelling, or stiffness. You also have a dry mouth. Your dry eyes do not respond to self-care measures within a few days. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Dry eyes (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Your health care provider will take a medical history and perform a physical examination, including a careful eye examination.
To help better understand your dry eyes, your health care provider may ask the following:
How long have you had dry eyes? Does it involve one or both eyes? Do you have it all of the time or does it only occur at certain times, with certain activities, or in certain places? Does the dryness seem related to wind, dust, chemicals, sun, or light exposure? Does it affect your vision? Does it cause pain? Do your eyelids close easily? Have you noticed any drainage from your eyes? Does anything make your dry eyes worse? Does anything make your dry eyes better? Have you tried artificial tears? Do they help? Are you taking any medications? Which ones? Have you had surgery or an injury to your eyes or nose? Do you have allergies? Have you been using any new cosmetics? Do you have any other symptoms like dry mouth or joint discomfort?
Your health care provider may perform tearing tests that can help diagnose dry eyes. Artificial tears may be prescribed. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of a floater? | People with floaters notice small specks or "cobwebs" floating in their field of vision that are especially noticeable when looking at something bright, such as white paper or a blue sky. They move as your eyes move and seem to dart away when you try to look at them directly. They do not follow your eye movements precisely, and usually drift when your eyes stop moving.
Most people have floaters and learn to ignore them; they are usually not noticed until they become numerous or more prominent. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the causes of a floater? | Floaters occur when the vitreous, a gel-like substance that fills about 80 percent of the eye and helps it maintain a round shape, slowly shrinks. As the vitreous shrinks, it becomes somewhat stringy, and the strands can cast tiny shadows on the retina. These are floaters.
However, there are other, more serious causes of floaters, including infection, inflammation (uveitis), hemorrhaging, retinal tears, and injury to the eye. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Floater ? | Floaters are more likely to develop as we age and are more common in people who are very nearsighted, have diabetes, or who have had a cataract operation. | Answer this question truthfully |
How to know you have a floater? | Floaters are often readily observed by an ophthalmologist or an optometrist with the use of an ophthalmoscope or slit lamp. However, if the floater is a small piece of debris and near the retina it may not be visible to the observer even if it appears large to the sufferer.
Increasing background illumination or using a pinhole to effectively decrease pupil diameter may allow a person to obtain a better view of his or her own floaters. The head may be tilted in such a way that one of the floaters drifts towards the central axis of the eye. In the sharpened image the fibrous elements are more conspicuous.
The presence of retinal tears with new onset of floaters was surprisingly high (14%; 95% confidence interval, 12%-16%) as reported in a meta-analysis published as part of the Rational Clinical Examination Series in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Patients with new onset flashes and/or floaters, especially when associated with visual loss or restriction in the visual field, should seek more urgent ophthalmologic evaluation. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Floater (Outlook/Prognosis)? | In most cases, floaters are part of the natural aging process and simply an annoyance. They can be distracting at first, but eventually tend to "settle" at the bottom of the eye, becoming less bothersome. They usually settle below the line of sight but do not go away completely.
Sometimes a section of the vitreous pulls the fine fibers away from the retina all at once, rather than gradually, causing many new floaters to appear suddenly. This is called a vitreous detachment, which in most cases is not sight-threatening and requires no treatment.
However, a sudden increase in floaters, possibly accompanied by light flashes or peripheral (side) vision loss, could indicate a retinal detachment. If left untreated, a retinal detachment can lead to permanent visual impairment within two or three days or even blindness in the eye. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Fuchs' dystrophy? | Eye pain Eye sensitivity to light, especially glare Foggy or blurred vision, at first only in the mornings Seeing colored halos around lights Worsening vision throughout the day | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Fuchs' dystrophy? | Fuchs' dystrophy affects the thin layer of cells that line the back part of the cornea. This layer is called the endothelium. The disease occurs when these cells slowly start to die off. (The cause is unknown.) The cells help pump excess fluid out of the cornea. As more and more cells are lost, fluid begins to build up in the cornea, causing swelling and a cloudy cornea.
At first, fluid may build up only during sleep, when the eye is closed. As the disease gets worse, small blisters may form in the endothelium. The blisters get bigger and may eventually break, causing eye pain. Fuchs' dystrophy can also cause the shape of the cornea to change, causing further vision problems. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Fuchs%27 dystrophy ? | Fuchs' dystrophy can be inherited, which means it can be passed down from parents to children. In some families, it is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. That means that if either of your parents has the disease, you have a 50% chance of developing the condition.
However, the condition may also occur in persons without a known family history of the disease.
Fuchs' dystrophy is more common in women than in men. Vision problems usually do not appear before age 50, although doctors may be able to see signs of the disease in affected persons at an earlier age, usually in their 30s and 40s. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Fuchs%27 dystrophy ? | Call your health care provider if you have:
Eye pain Eye sensitivity to light The feeling that something is in your eye when there is nothing there Vision problems such as seeing halos or cloudy vision Worsening vision | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Fuchs%27 dystrophy (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Fuchs' dystrophy gets worse over time. Without a corneal transplant, a patient with severe Fuchs' dystrophy may become blind or have severe pain and very reduced vision.
Mild cases of Fuchs' dystrophy often worsen after cataract surgery. A cataract surgeon will evaluate this risk and may modify the technique or the timing of your cataract surgery. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Interstitial keratitis? | Eye pain Excessive tearing Sensitivity to light (photophobia) | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Interstitial keratitis? | Interstitial keratitis is a serious condition in which blood vessels grow into the cornea. Such growth can cause loss of the normal clearness of the cornea. This condition is often caused by infections.
Syphilis is the most common cause of interstitial keratitis, but rare causes include:
Autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis Leprosy Lyme disease Tuberculosis | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Interstitial keratitis ? | In the United States, most cases of syphilis are recognized and treated before this eye condition develops. However, interstitial keratitis remains the most common cause of blindness in the world. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Interstitial keratitis ? | All patients with interstitial keratitis will be closely followed by an ophthalmologist and a medical specialist with expertise in the underlying disease. Any worsening pain, increasing redness, or decreasing vision should be evaluated immediately. This is particularly crucial for patients with corneal transplants. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Interstitial keratitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Diagnosing and treating interstitial keratitis and its cause early can preserve the clear cornea and good vision. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Keratoconus? | The earliest symptom is subtle blurring of vision that cannot be corrected with glasses. (Vision can generally be corrected to 20/20 with rigid, gas-permeable contact lenses.)
Most people who develop keratoconus start out nearsighted. The nearsightedness tends to become worse over time. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Keratoconus? | The cause is unknown, but the tendency to develop keratoconus is probably present from birth. Keratoconus is thought to involve a defect in collagen, the tissue that makes up most of the cornea.
Some researchers believe that allergy and eye rubbing may play a role.
Also, there is an association between keratoconus and Down syndrome. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Keratoconus ? | Most people who develop keratoconus start out nearsighted. The nearsightedness tends to become worse over time. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Keratoconus ? | Young persons whose vision cannot be corrected to 20/20 with glasses should be evaluated by an eye doctor experienced with keratoconus. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Keratoconus (Outlook/Prognosis)? | In most cases vision can be corrected with rigid gas-permeable contact lenses.
If corneal transplantation is needed, results are usually good. The recovery period can be long, and patients often still need contact lenses. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Lacrimal gland tumor? | Double vision Fullness in one eyelid or the side of the face Pain | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Lacrimal gland tumor (Outlook/Prognosis)? | If lacrimal gland tumor is not treated, the child may be permanently unable to fully move the elbow. With treatment, there is usually no permanent damage.
The outlook is generally excellent for noncancerous growths. The outlook for cancer depends on the type of cancer and stage at which it is discovered. | Answer this question truthfully |
How to Perform the Test? | Adjust the focusing eyepiece of the lensometer so that it reads 0 D on the measuring drum with the target crisply in focus. Place the spectacles in the lensometer with the ocular surface away from the examiner. Measure the right lens first. Then measure the left lens. Center the spectacles within the carriage of the instrument so that the target is centrally aligned within the eyepiece reticle. From an excess plus power direction, rotate the power drum of the lensometer so that the target comes to a sharp focus in the first meridian,
simultaneously rotating the axis drum and making its target lines contiguous. This is the first meridian. Note the position of the power drum.
Continue rotating the power drum until the second meridian comes into sharp, contiguous focus. This is the second meridian. Note the position of the
power and axis drums.
If both meridians come to a sharp focus simultaneously, the lens is spherical. If there are two distinctly different foci, the lens is spherocylindrical. If there is an add, measure it. The spherical or spherocylindrical power and axis is recorded in minus cylinder form. The multifocal add, if present, is recorded as a plus add.
Focus the lensometer before each reading. Carefully fine-tune the power and the axis drums. If the lens is a multifocal lens, look carefully for the maximum plus power position of the lens. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Melanoma of the eye? | Bulging eyes Change in iris color Poor vision in one eye Red, painful eye Small defect on the iris or conjunctiva
In some cases, there may be no symptoms. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Melanoma of the eye? | Melanoma is a very aggressive type of cancer that can spread rapidly.
Melanoma of the eye can affect several parts of the eye, including the:
Choroid Ciliary body Conjunctiva Eyelid Iris Orbit
The choroid layer is the most likely location of melanoma in the eye.
The cancer may only be in the eye, or it may spread (metastasize) to another location in the body, most commonly the liver. Melanoma can also begin on the skin or other organs in the body and spread to the eye. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Melanoma of the eye ? | Melanoma is the most common type of eye tumor in adults. Even so, primary melanoma of the eye is rare.
Excessive exposure to sunlight is an important risk factor. The occurrence of melanoma has greatly increased in recent decades. Fair-skinned and blue-eyed people are most often affected. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Melanoma of the eye ? | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of melanoma of the eye. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Melanoma of the eye (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The outcome for melanoma of the eye depends on the size of the cancer at the time of diagnosis. Most patients will survive at least 5 years from the time of diagnosis if the cancer has not spread outside the eye.
If the cancer has spread outside the eye, the chance of survival is much lower. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Myopia? | A nearsighted person sees close up objects clearly, but objects in the distance are blurred. Squinting will tend to make far away objects seem clearer.
Nearsightedness is often first noticed in school-aged children or teenagers. Children often cannot read the blackboard, but they can easily read a book.
Nearsightedness gets worse during the growth years. People who are nearsighted need to change glasses or contact lenses often. It usually stops progressing as a person stops growing in his or her early twenties.
Other symptoms may include:
Eyestrain Headaches (uncommon) | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Myopia? | People are able to see because the front part of the eye bends (refracts) light and points it to the back surface of the eye, called the retina.
Nearsightedness occurs when the physical length of the eye is greater than the optical length.
This makes it more difficult for the eyes to focus light directly on the retina. If the light rays are not clearly focused on the retina, the images you see may be blurry.
Watch this video about:Seeing
Nearsightedness affects males and females equally. People who have a family history of nearsightedness are more likely to develop it. Most eyes with nearsightedness are healthy, but a small number of people with severe myopia develop a form of retinal degeneration. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Myopia ? | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your child shows these signs, which may indicate a vision problem:
Having difficulty reading the blackboard in school or signs on a wall Holding books very close when reading Sitting close to the television
Call for an appointment with your eye doctor if you or your child is nearsighted and experiences signs of a possible retinal tear or detachment, including:
Flashing lights Floating spots Sudden loss of any part of the field of vision | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Myopia (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Early diagnosis of nearsightedness is important, because a child can suffer socially and educationally by not being able to see well at a distance. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Conjunctivitis? | Redness (hyperaemia), irritation (chemosis) and watering (epiphora) of the eyes are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. Additionally, symptoms vary based on the specific type of conjunctivitis:
Allergic conjunctivitis: Main article: Allergic conjunctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis is typically itchy, sometimes distressingly so, and often involves some eye swelling. Chronic allergy often causes just itching or irritation. Allergic conjunctivitis often causes pale watery swelling of the conjunctiva and sometimes the whole eyelid. There is frequently a sticky mucus discharge, and there is variable redness. Viral conjunctivitis: Viral conjunctivitis is often associated with an infection of the upper respiratory tract, a common cold, and/or a sore throat. Its symptoms include watery discharge and variable itch. The infection usually begins with one eye, but may spread easily to the other. Viral conjunctivitis is commonly known as "pink eye." Bacterial conjunctivitis: Bacterial conjunctivitis due to the common pyogenic (pus-producing) bacteria causes marked grittiness/irritation and a stringy, opaque, grey or yellowish mucopurulent discharge (mucus, gowl, goop, gunk, eye crust, or other regional names, officially known as' gound') that may cause the lids to stick together (matting), especially after sleeping. Another symptom that could be caused by bacterial conjunctivitis is severe crusting of the infected eye and the surrounding skin. However, discharge is not essential to the diagnosis, contrary to popular belief. Bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Moraxella can cause a non-exudative but persistent conjunctivitis without much redness. The gritty and/or scratchy feeling is sometimes localized enough for patients to insist they must have a foreign body in the eye. The more acute pyogenic infections can be painful. Like viral conjunctivitis, it usually affects only one eye but may spread easily to the other eye. However, it is dormant in the eye for three days before the patient shows signs of symptoms. Chemical conjunctivitis: Irritant or toxic conjunctivitis is irritable or painful when the infected eye is pointed far down or far up. Discharge and itch are usually absent. It show primarily marked redness. This is the only group in which severe pain may occur. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Conjunctivitis? | Conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by viruses, often adenovirus, but many other factors can lead to its occurrence. Other causes include:
Allergies (allergic conjunctivitis) Bacteria Certain diseases Chemical exposure Chlamydia Fungi Parasites (rarely) Use of contact lenses (especially extended-wear lenses)
Conjunctivitis is spread from person-to-person by:
Direct contact with the infected person’s eye drainage or drainage from the person’s cough, sneeze, or runny nose. Indirect contact with objects that may have the infected person’s drainage on them (e.g. eye makeup applicators, towels, shared eye medications). Contact with the infected person’s fingers or hands which may contain the virus or bacteria.
Newborns can be infected by bacteria in the birth canal. This condition is called ophthalmia neonatorum, and it must be treated immediately to preserve eyesight. Additionally, neonatal conjunctivitis is a red eye in a newborn caused by irritation, a blocked tear duct, or infection. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Pinkeye ? | People who are exposed to someone infected with the viral or bacterial form of conjunctivitis are at risk for developing conjunctivitis. Children and adults can develop both bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, however bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in young children. Additionally, babies born to mothers infected with either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis are at an increased risk for conjunctivitis. During delivery, these babies can contract ophthalmia neonatorum, a form of bacterial conjunctivitis when their eyes are exposed to the bacteria in the birth canal. It must be treated immediately to prevent blindness. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Pinkeye ? | Urgent medical care is not usually necessary for conjunctivitis. However, newborns with ophthalmia neonatorum must be treated immediately to prevent blindness. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Pinkeye (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The outcome is usually good with treatment. Conjunctivitis resolves, in 65% of cases, within 2 – 5 days. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of a pterygium? | The primary symptom of a pterygium is a painless area of elevated whitish-pinkish tissue, with blood vessels on the inner or outer edge of the cornea. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the causes of a pterygium? | Scientists do not know what causes pterygia to develop. However, since people who have pterygia usually have spent a significant time outdoors, many doctors believe ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun may be a factor. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Pterygium ? | Pterygia are more common in people in the 20-40 age group that live in sunny, dry climates. Additionally, chronic dry eye is believed to contribute to pterygium. Risk factors are exposure to sunny, dusty, sandy, or windblown areas. As a result, farmers, fishermen, and people living near the equator are often affected. While some studies report a higher prevalence of pterygia in men than in women, this may reflect different rates of exposure to UV light. Pterygium is rarely observed in children. | Answer this question truthfully |
How to know you have a pterygium? | A physical examination of the eyes and eyelids confirms the diagnosis. Special tests are usually not necessary. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the causes of Red eye ? | Bloodshot eyes appear red because the vessels in the surface of the white portion of the eye (sclera) become swollen. This may result from dry air, too much sun, dust, something in the eye, allergies, infection, or injury.
One common cause of a red eye is straining or coughing. This can lead to a bright red, dense bloody area on the white part of the eye. This is called a sub-conjunctival hemorrhage. Although this bloody area may appear alarming, it is a fairly common occurrence and of little significance. If you notice a bloody spot in one eye that doesn't hurt, but just looks bad, don't worry. It should clear up on its own within a week or two.
Eye infections or inflammation can occur, causing redness as well as possibly itching, discharge, pain, or vision problems.
Blepharitis: Swelling of the eyelash along the edge of the eyelid.
Conjunctivitis: Swelling or infection of the tissue that lines the eyelids and coats the surface of the eye (the conjunctiva). This is often referred to as "pink eye."
Corneal ulcers: Ulcers on the outer covering of the eye, usually because of a bacterial or viral infection.
Uveitis: Swelling of the uvea, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. This is often related to an autoimmune disorder, infection, or exposure to toxins. Often, only the iris is inflamed, which is called iritis.
Other potential causes include:
Cold or allergies
Acute glaucoma -- a sudden increase in eye pressure that is extremely painful and causes serious visual disturbances. This is a medical emergency. Most times, glaucoma is chronic and gradual
Corneal scratches caused by sand, dust, or overuse of contacts | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Red eye ? | Go to the hospital or call your local emergency number (such as 911) if:
Your eye is red after a penetrating injury. You have a headache along with blurred vision or confusion. You are seeing halos around lights. You have nausea and vomiting.
Call your health care provider if:
Your eyes are red longer than 1-2 days. You have eye pain or vision changes. You take blood thinning medication, like warfarin. You may have an object in your eye. You are very sensitive to light. You have a yellow or greenish discharge from one or both eyes. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Strabismus? | Symptoms of strabismus may be present all the time, or only when you are tired or sick.
The eyes do not move together and may appear crossed at times.
The other eye will appear turned out, up, or down from wherever the first eye is focused.
Someone with strabismus may also have:
Depth perception loss Double vision Vision loss | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Strabismus? | Six different muscles surround the eyes and work "as a team" so that both eyes can focus on the same object.
In someone with strabismus, these muscles do not work together. As a result, one eye looks at one object, while the other eye turns in a different direction and is focused on another object.
When this occurs, two different images are sent to the brain -- one from each eye. This confuses the brain, and the brain may learn to ignore the image from the weaker eye.
If the strabismus is not treated, the eye that the brain ignores will never see well. This loss of vision is called amblyopia. Another name for amblyopia is "lazy eye." Sometimes amblyopia is present first, and it causes strabismus.
In most children with strabismus, the cause is unknown. In more than half of these cases, the problem is present at or shortly after birth (congenital strabismus).
Most of the time, the problem has to do with muscle control, and not with muscle strength.
Less often, problems with one of the nerves or muscles, or Graves' disease restriction may cause strabismus.
Other disorders associated with strabismus include:
Brain and nerve disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, cerebral palsy, or Guillain-Barre syndrome Diabetes (causes a condition known as acquired paralytic strabismus) Damage to the retina in children who are born premature Hemangioma near the eye during infancy Injuries to the eye Tumor in the brain or eye Vision loss from any eye disease or injury | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Strabismus ? | A family history of strabismus is a risk factor. Farsightedness may be a contributing factor, especially in children. Any other disease that causes vision loss may also cause strabismus. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Strabismus ? | Strabismus requires prompt medical evaluation. Call for an appointment with your health care provider or eye doctor if your child:
Appears to be cross-eyed Complains of double vision Has difficulty seeing
Note: Learning difficulties or problems at school can sometimes be due to a child's inability to see the blackboard or reading material. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Strabismus (Outlook/Prognosis)? | After surgery, the eyes may look straight but vision problems can remain.
The child may still have reading problems in school, and for adults driving may be more difficult. Vision may affect the ability to play sports.
With early diagnosis and treatment, the problem can usually be corrected. Delayed treatment may lead to permanent vision loss in one eye. About one-third of children with strabismus will develop amblyopia.
Because many children will get strabismus or amblyopia again, they need to be monitored closely. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of a stye? | In addition to the red, swollen bump, other possible symptoms include:
A gritty, scratchy sensation as if there is a foreign body Sensitivity to light Tearing of your eye Tenderness of the eyelid | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes a stye? | A stye is caused by bacteria from the skin that get into the oil glands in the eyelids that provide lubrication to the tear film. Styes are similar to common acne pimples that occur elsewhere on the skin. You may have more than one stye at the same time.
Styes usually develop over a few days and may drain and heal on their own. A stye can become a chalazion -- this is when an inflamed oil gland becomes fully blocked. If a chalazion gets large enough, it can cause trouble with your vision.
If you have blepharitis, you are more likely to get styes. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Stye ? | People with blepharitis. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Stye ? | Call your doctor if:
You have problems with your vision. The eyelid bump worsens or does not improve within a week or two of self-care. The eyelid bump or bumps become very large or painful. You have a blister on your eyelid. You have crusting or scaling of your eyelids. Your whole eyelid is red, or the eye itself is red. You are very sensitive to light or have excessive tears. A stye comes back soon after successful treatment of another one. Your eyelid bump bleeds. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Stye (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Styes often get better on their own, although they may recur. The outcome is generally excellent with simple treatment.
Possible complications:
Recurrence of a stye Spread of infection to other eyelash follicles Spread of infection to the tissue of the eyelid (eyelid cellulitis) | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Trachoma? | Symptoms begin 5 to 12 days after being exposed to the bacteria. The condition begins slowly as inflammation of the tissue lining the eyelids (conjunctivitis, or "pink eye"), which if untreated may lead to scarring.
Symptoms may include:
Cloudy cornea Discharge from the eye Swelling of lymph nodes just in front of the ears Swollen eyelids Turned-in eyelashes | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Trachoma? | Trachoma is caused by infection with the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis.
The condition occurs worldwide, mostly in rural settings in developing countries. It frequently affects children, although the effects of scarring may not be seen until later in life. While trachoma is rare in the United States, certain populations marked by poverty, crowded living conditions, or poor hygiene are at higher risk for this illness.
Trachoma is spread through direct contact with infected eye, nose, or throat secretions or by contact with contaminated objects, such as towels or clothes. Certain flies can also spread the bacteria. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Trachoma ? | Call your health care provider if you or your child recently visited an area of the world where trachoma is common and there are symptoms of conjunctivitis. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Trachoma (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Early treatment before the development of scarring and lid deformities has an excellent prognosis. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Acute upper airway obstruction? | Symptoms vary depending on the cause, but some symptoms are common to all types of airway blockage. They include:
Agitation or fidgeting Bluish color to the skin (cyanosis) Changes in consciousness Choking Confusion Difficulty breathing Gasping for air Panic Unconsciousness Wheezing, crowing, whistling, or other unusual breathing noises indicating breathing difficulty | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Acute upper airway obstruction? | Causes of acute upper airway obstruction include:
Allergic reactions in which the trachea or throat swell closed, including allergic reactions to a bee sting, peanuts, antibiotics (penicillin), and blood pressure medications (ACE inhibitors) Chemical burns and reactions Croup Epiglottitis (infection of the structure separating the trachea from the esophagus) Fire or burns from breathing in smoke Foreign bodies -- such as peanuts and other breathed-in foods, pieces of a balloon, buttons, coins, and small toys Viral or bacteria infections Peritonsillar abscess Retropharyngeal abscess Throat cancer Tracheomalacia Trauma Vocal cord problems | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Acute upper airway obstruction ? | Airway obstruction is an emergency. It is a good idea to learn how to clear an airway of a foreign body by using a method such as the Heimlich maneuver.
Diseases in which airway obstruction develops over a period of hours will allow time to get to a hospital. If an acute airway obstruction occurs, call 911 or your local emergency number for medical help. Do what you can to maintain breathing until medical help arrives. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Acute upper airway obstruction (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Prompt treatment is often successful. However, the condition is dangerous and may be fatal, even if treated. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Airway obstruction? | Symptoms vary depending on the cause, but some symptoms are common to all types of airway blockage. They include:
Agitation or fidgeting. Bluish color to the skin (cyanosis) Changes in consciousness. Choking. Confusion. Difficulty breathing. Gasping for air. Panic. Unconsciousness. Wheezing, crowing, whistling, or other unusual breathing noises indicating breathing difficulty. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Airway obstruction? | Causes of acute upper airway obstruction include:
Allergic reactions in which the trachea or throat swell closed, including allergic reactions to a bee sting, peanuts, antibiotics (penicillin), and blood pressure *medications (ACE inhibitors) Chemical burns and reactions Croup Epiglottitis (infection of the structure separating the trachea from the esophagus) Fire or burns from breathing in smoke Foreign bodies -- such as peanuts and other breathed-in foods, pieces of a balloon, buttons, coins, and small toys Viral or bacteria infections Peritonsillar abscess Retropharyngeal abscess Throat cancer Tracheomalacia Trauma Vocal cord problems | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Airway obstruction ? | Airway obstruction is an emergency. It is a good idea to learn how to clear an airway of a foreign body by using a method such as the Heimlich maneuver. Diseases in which airway obstruction develops over a period of hours will allow time to get to a hospital. If an acute airway obstruction occurs, call 911 or your local emergency number for medical help. Do what you can to maintain breathing until medical help arrives. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Airway obstruction (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Prompt treatment is often successful. However, the condition is dangerous and may be fatal, even if treated. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Amelogenesis imperfecta? | The enamel of the tooth is soft and thin. The teeth appear yellow and are easily damaged. Both baby teeth and permanent teeth are affected. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Amelogenesis imperfecta? | Amelogenesis imperfecta is passed down through families as a dominant trait. That means you only need to get the abnormal gene from one parent in order for you to get the disease. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Amelogenesis imperfecta ? | Call your dentist if you have symptoms of this condition. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Amelogenesis imperfecta (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Treatment is often successful in protecting the teeth. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Anaplastic thyroid cancer? | Coughing up blood Difficulty swallowing Hoarseness or changing the voice Loud breathing Lower neck mass, often noted to be rapidly enlarging | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Anaplastic thyroid cancer? | Genetic mutation is suspected to be the main cause of anaplastic thyroid cancer. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Anaplastic thyroid cancer ? | A history of goiter Family history of thyroid disease Female gender Asian race Age between 25 and 65 years old. Exposure to radiation to the head and neck as an infant or child or being exposed to radioactive fallout | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Anaplastic thyroid cancer ? | Call your health care provider if there is a persistent lump or mass in the neck, hoarseness, changing voice, cough, or coughing up blood. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Anaplastic thyroid cancer (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The prognosis of this disease is poor. Most people do not survive longer than 6 months due to the aggressive nature of this disease and lack of effective treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: The age at the time of diagnosis The stage of the cancer The patient's general health | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Benign positional vertigo? | The main symptom is a spinning sensation, which:
Is usually triggered by head movement Often starts suddenly Lasts a few minutes or less
Most often, patients say they cannot roll in bed or tilt their head up to look at something.
Other symptoms can include:
Vision complaints, such as a perception that things are jumping or moving Vomiting (in severe cases) | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Benign positional vertigo? | Benign positional vertigo is due to a disturbance within the inner ear. The inner ear has fluid-filled tubes called semicircular canals. The canals are very sensitive to movement of the fluid, which occurs as you change position. The fluid movement allows your brain to interpret your body's position and maintain your balance.
Benign positional vertigo develops when a small piece of bone-like calcium breaks free and floats within the tube of the inner ear. This sends the brain confusing messages about your body's position. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Benign positional vertigo (paitent information)? | There are no major risk factors. However, the condition may partly run in families. A prior head injury (even a slight bump to the head) or an inner ear infection called labyrinthitis may make some people more likely to develop the condition. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Benign positional vertigo (paitent information)? | Call your health care provider if vertigo develops that has not been evaluated or if treatment is ineffective. Also call if you develop any associated symptoms (such as weakness, slurred speech, visual problems) that may indicate a more serious condition. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Benign positional vertigo (paitent information) (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Benign positional vertigo is uncomfortable, but usually improves with time. This condition may occur again without warning. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Bleeding esophageal varices? | People with chronic liver disease and esophageal varices may have no symptoms.
If there is only a small amount of bleeding, the only symptom may be dark or black streaks in the stools.
If larger amounts of bleeding occur, symptoms may include:
Black, tarry stools Bloody stools Light-headedness Paleness Symptoms of chronic liver disease (such as cirrhosis) Vomiting Vomiting blood | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Bleeding esophageal varices? | Scarring (cirrhosis) of the liver is the most common cause of esophageal varices. This scarring prevents blood from flowing through the liver. As a result, more blood flows through the veins of the esophagus.
This extra blood flow causes the veins in the esophagus to balloon outward. If these veins break open (rupture), they can cause severe bleeding.
The swollen veins (varices) can also occur in the upper part of the stomach. | Answer this question truthfully |
Who is at highest risk for Bleeding esophageal varices ? | Any cause of chronic liver disease can cause varices. | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Bleeding esophageal varices ? | Call your health care provider or go to an emergency room if you vomit blood or have black tarry stools. | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Bleeding esophageal varices (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Bleeding often comes back without treatment. Bleeding esophageal varices are a serious complication of liver disease and have a poor outcome. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Breath odor? | Some disorders will produce specific, characteristic odors to the breath.
Bad breath related to poor oral hygiene is most common and caused by release of sulphur compounds by bacteria in the mouth.
A fruity odor to the breath occurs as the body attempts to get rid of excess acetone through the breathing. This is a sign of ketoacidosis, which may occur in diabetes. It is a potentially life-threatening condition.
Breath that smells like feces can occur with prolonged vomiting, especially when there is a bowel obstruction. It may also occur temporarily if a person has a tube placed through the nose or mouth to the stomach to drain the stomach contents (nasogastric tube) in place.
The breath may have an ammonia-like odor (also described as urine-like or "fishy") in people with chronic kidney failure. | Answer this question truthfully |
What causes Breath odor? | If previously normal breath turns into halitosis, causes could include:
Abscessed tooth Alcoholism Cavities Dentures Drugs
Paraldehyde Triamterene and inhaled anesthetics Insulin - injection
Food or beverages consumed (such as cabbage, garlic, raw onions, or coffee) Foreign body in the nose (usually in children)
Often (but not always) there is a white, yellowish, or bloody discharge from one nostril
Gum disease (gingivitis, gingivostomatitis) Impacted tooth Lung infection Poor dental hygiene Sinusitis Throat infection Tobacco smoking Vitamin supplements (especially in large doses)
Diseases that may be associated with breath odor (not presented in order of likelihood -- some are extremely unlikely):
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Acute necrotizing ulcerative mucositis Acute renal failure Bowel obstruction (can cause breath to smell like feces) Bronchiectasis Chronic renal failure (can cause breath to smell like ammonia) Diabetes (fruity or sweet chemical smell with ketoacidosis) Esophageal cancer Gastric carcinoma Gastrojejunocolic fistula (fruity-smelling breath) Hepatic encephalopathy Diabetic ketoacidosis Lung abscess Ozena, or atrophic rhinitis Periodontal disease Pharyngitis Zenker's diverticulum | Answer this question truthfully |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Breathe odor ? | Breath odor persists and there is not an obvious cause (such as smoking or eating odor-causing foods). You have breath odor and signs of a respiratory infection, such as fever, cough, or face pain with discharge from the nose | Answer this question truthfully |
What to expect if I have Breathe odor (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Your doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical examination.
You may be asked the following medical history questions:
Is there a specific odor? Is there a fishy smell? Does the breath smell like ammonia or urine? Does the breath smell like fruit or is there a sweet-chemical smell? Does the breath smell like feces? Does the breath smell like alcohol? Have you recently eaten a spicy meal, garlic, cabbage, or other "odorous" food? Do you take vitamin supplements? Do you smoke? Does good oral hygiene improve the odor? What home care measures have you tried? How effective are they? Is there a recent sore throat, sinus infection, tooth abscess, or other illness? What other symptoms do you have?
The physical examination will include a thorough examination of the mouth and the nose. A throat culture may be taken if you have a sore throat or mouth sores.
In rare cases, diagnostic tests that may be performed include:
Blood tests to screen for diabetes or kidney failure Endoscopy (EGD) X-ray of the abdomen X-ray of the chest
Antibiotics may be prescribed for some conditions. For an object in the nose, the doctor will use an instrument to remove it. | Answer this question truthfully |
What are the symptoms of Candida esophagitis? | Symptoms include:
Difficulty swallowing Fever (only if the fungus spreads further) Oral thrush (Candida in the mouth) Painful swallowing | Answer this question truthfully |