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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
alamo-diary -lrb- austin , texas -rrb- _ the memoir of a mexican army officer , which includes his eyewitness report on the battle of the alamo and a controversial account of the death of legendary figure davy crockett , is being donated to the university of texas .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
`` remember the alamo '' became a battle cry used by houston 's forces as they vanquished santa anna 's army at san jacinto , thereby giving birth to a new nation _ the republic of texas .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
after the alamo battle , the struggle shifted to one of texas independence .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
hispanics fought and died alongside anglo defenders of the alamo and later in the struggle for texas independence .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
amelia w. williams , a texas history scholar and graduate student at the university of texas , performed what once was regarded as the definitive research on who fought at the alamo .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
on tuesday , knopf will publish `` the gates of the alamo , '' a grandiose 577 -page novel of the texas revolution that centers on the famous battle fought in san antonio on march 6 , 1836 .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
when santa anna was later defeated in the battle of san jacinto , thus liberating texas from mexico , the victorious texas army famously shouted , `` remember the alamo ! ''
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
the diary 's account of crockett 's death states that he and six other defenders were captured and executed shortly after the battle -- a claim that prompted an indignant response from patriotic texans after it was first translated in 1975 .
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crockett 's diehard fans have denounced it as a 20th century forgery , an elaborate hoax that disputes their belief that the coonskin-capped frontiersman went down fighting at the alamo in march 1836 .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
according to de la pena , crockett and six others were captured after the alamo `` skirmish '' and brought before gen. antonio lopez de santa anna , who immediately ordered them executed .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
also spawned was an entire book aimed at exposing the account as a fraud , the 1994 `` defense of a legend : crockett and the de la pena diary '' by bill groneman , a new york city fire department captain and respected alamo researcher .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
the new alamo battle
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among other things , jose enrique de la pena , who fought on the winning side at the alamo , said that davy crockett did not go down swinging , as popular myth would have it , but was captured and tortured to death .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
but others , many of them alamo hobbyists , believe just as fervently that it 's a fake , citing apparent anachronisms and plagiarisms .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
as a native texan , i 've been distressed by the way some people are attempting to rewrite the history of the alamo .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
for texans , the alamo is more than a historical building .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
for texans , the alamo is sacred symbol of freedom , independence and courage .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
`` be quiet and take off your hat , son , '' my grandfather instructed me on my first visit to the alamo .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
technically , the 187 texans who defended the alamo against gen. antonio lopez de santa anna 's 5,000 mexican troops were not the winners .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
the flag they flew over the alamo now is under lock and key in mexico city .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
mexican historians have a slightly different view of the events at the alamo .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
they question whether santa anna , mexico 's dictator , really had 5,000 men under arms during the 13-day siege and whether all alamo defenders died in battle .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
they flew a red-white-and-green mexican flag over the alamo with `` 1824 '' on it .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
the alamo will always be an inspiration for texans and freedom-loving people worldwide .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
it was 163 years ago today , on march 6 , 1836 , that the alamo fell to mexican forces .
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her research led to her being empowered to decide what names should be listed on a monolith honoring those killed defending the alamo .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
numerous texans have contended they had forebears at the alamo whose names williams omitted , and some others have charged she mistakenly listed some who were n't there .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
that also is the figure reported by col. juan n. almonte , a much-respected mexican officer later captured at the battle of san jacinto .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
lindley makes his case in the manuscript for a book he has titled `` alamo traces , the historiography of the siege and storming of the texian alamo . ''
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
in this work , he joins others in pillorying the alamo research of williams .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
according to his research , about 70 texan reinforcements succeeded in getting through the mexican forces besieging the alamo on march 4 , two days before it was overwhelmed .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
lindley and others say williams ' miscount stemmed from her mistaken belief that the list of alamo defenders should be based solely on the number of land grants issued to their survivors .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
a more accurate way to compile the list of defenders , he said , was to go to the alamo muster rolls created before the battle .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
additionally , he said , williams not only eliminated genuine alamo veterans `` for no good reason '' but also mistakenly identified others as veterans of the historic battle .
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for example , lindley said , she identified manuel martinez y marquis as dying at the alamo .
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actually he had participated in the capture of the alamo from mexican forces in 1835 and received a pension for that service in 1870 .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
in addition to his own reservations about williams ' research , lindley cites other criticisms such as those of walter lord , author of `` a time to stand , '' an account of the battle for the alamo .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
he described williams ' doctoral dissertation on the alamo 's fall as `` of stunningly poor quality. ''
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on the whole , hutton said , the story of the alamo has fallen to `` popularizers and propagandists '' who have `` simply repeated false stories. ''
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
despite her errors , williams is not the only texan who has been confused about the alamo .
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when asked to name three of the texan heroes at the alamo , only 13 percent of the 403 polled could do so , even with such notables as davy crockett , william b. travis and jim bowie as possibilities .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
bruce winders , the alamo 's staff historian , said that while he agrees with lindley that names should be added to the roster of defenders , he also thinks that `` amelia williams , for the time in which she was working , was doing the best she could do. ''
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
if `` the gates of the alamo '' makes it as expected to the top of every bestseller list , if harrigan and his agent can parlay that success into a megabucks movie deal , then middle-aged , unassuming steve harrigan may actually , finally , become rich and famous .
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
`` the only thing i 'm sure of , i guess , is that i 've wanted to write this book about the alamo for a long , long time. ''
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that year , he recalls , disney released `` davy crockett : king of the wild frontier '' and , like kids everywhere , harrigan was mesmerized by actor fess parker fighting to the bitter end at a movie-set alamo .
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`` after that , my parents took me to the real alamo , and it was just an epiphany , '' harrigan says during lunch at an unpretentious mexican restaurant in north austin .
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by the time i was 14 or 15 and wanted to be a writer , i thought some day i would write a book about the alamo . ''
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where was the battle of alamo fought ?
but his favorite endeavor remained writing books , and there was always , in the back of his mind , that one he wanted to write about the alamo .
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`` the reason `the gates of the alamo ' took me eight years was that i never had more than one or two days in a row to work on it .
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harrigan first pitched an alamo -themed novel to a publisher in 1990 `` as a book steeped in natural history , and with jim bowie and davy crockett as protagonists .
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i started reading and thinking and talking to alamo historians .
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terrell mott , the fictional teen-aged boy who eventually finds himself in the middle of the alamo tussle , is human enough to soil himself when the first bombardment begins ; his mother , a widow , makes the mistake of falling in love with a decent , but weak , botanist .
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but in `` the gates of the alamo , '' harrigan makes readers care about the motts , and about the mexican soldiers under santa anna and the comanches being forced off their land by encroaching settlers .
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knopf is ready to send him around the country touting `` the gates of the alamo . ''
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`` the gates of the alamo '' could do the same for harrigan .
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`` but if , let 's say , `the gates of the alamo ' sells 40,000 copies instead of 400,000 , that 's still 10 times more than any of my other books have sold , '' harrigan says .
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`` the gates of the alamo '' has already provided one lasting career benefit for its author .
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`` the alamo still resonates with everybody .
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he visited the alamo as a 7-year-old on a family trip and left transformed .
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when he decided as a teen-ager to become a novelist , he concluded that he would write about the alamo .
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`` everybody thinks it 's hackneyed , '' harrigan said recently over lunch at the menger hotel , a block from the alamo .
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`` when i would tell people i was writing a book about the alamo , they would tend to roll their eyes : has n't that story been done to death ?
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perhaps the most famous alamo story is of travis gathering his men inside the besieged garrison , informing them that reinforcements were not coming and drawing a line in the sand with his sword and challenging his men to cross it and fight to the death for freedom .
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it is a stirring anecdote but one considered a fabrication by many modern alamo scholars .
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`` that moment to me is the linchpin of the alamo myth , '' he said .
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`` once that is gone and once that idea of deliberate self-sacrifice is gone , the alamo story becomes a human story and not a mythological one .
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one problem in plotting a novel around the real events of the alamo is that the end is something of downer : everyone dies .
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bruce winders , the resident historian and curator of the alamo , credits harrigan with creating a vivid story but one based on credible historical assumptions he described as `` extremely current. ''
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recent new research suggests that reinforcements were en route to the alamo , winders said , and that travis , contrary to popular interpretation , knew it .
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he began `` the gates of the alamo '' eight years ago , working weekends , nights and mornings around his `` day job '' of writing screenplays .
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when he finally finished the book , he struggled with a title , dismissing `` remember the alamo ! , ''
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one day as he drove down the highway groping with different titles , he looked up and saw a sign that read , `` alamo title co. '' he considered it but thought otherwise .
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even today , the alamo remains the most visited historical site in the state , with more than 3 million visitors every year .
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and harrigan believes that even if the real story of the alamo is something less than the legend , it is no less powerful , or to him , inspiring .
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`` the alamo as an icon speaks to an ideal that i think is very legitimate and very alive and transcends all sorts of cultural and ethnic boundaries , '' he said .
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that 's why people remember the alamo , because that ideal is worth remembering. ''
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what city does the tour de france end in ?
jean-marie leblanc , director of the tour de france , which ends aug. 2 in paris , said the team was being excluded in part to `` end the unhealthy climate '' that has pervaded the competition since it got underway in dublin , ireland , july 11 .
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sunday , august 2 : paris _ tour de france ends on champs-elysees .
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a day after the tour de france ended in paris , members of the dutch team tvm were being questioned by police monday about banned drugs found in their possession .
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what city does the tour de france end in ?
the tour de france ends july 25 in paris on the famed champs-elysees .
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tour-de-france -lrb- paris -rrb- _ the tour de france ends its drug-plagued journey .
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tour-de-france-react -lrb- paris -rrb- _ reaction in france to the conclusion of the tour de france .
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paris _ the tour de france , one of europe 's legendary sporting events , will draw 180 of the finest bicycle riders in the world saturday to a theme park in western france .
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paris , august 3 -lrb- xinhua -rrb- -- members of dutch team tvm were being questioned by police on monday about banned drugs in reims , north of paris , a day after the tour de france ended in paris .
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the festina cycling team was expelled from the tour de france on friday , hours after the team director and doctor were placed under formal investigation in a doping scandal that has rocked the cycling world .
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`` it seems to me that the sports ethic , the morality of the tour are the most important things ... .
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we have taken the decision to exclude the festina team starting on this day , '' leblanc told a news conference in brive-la-gaillarde , the town in central france where the sixth stage ended friday .
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leblanc said the decision was `` difficult '' but `` indispensable '' for the tour and for the sport .
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`` the object was to optimize performances under strict medical control , '' said the statement read by thibault de montbrial , `` in order to avoid cyclists personally and uncontrollably supplying themselves under conditions that could be bad for their health. ''
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prosecutor jean-philippe joubert said earlier that festina cyclists would be questioned as witnesses in the case after the tour de france ends .
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but one festina cyclist , pascal herve , of france , said he has `` never used epo or other things. ''
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`` there is more and more of it , '' he said on france 2 television .
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a tearful richard virenque , the star of the troubled festina team that was kicked out of the tour de france said saturday that he and his teammates will leave the tour .
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`` today we have taken the decision , all the team , all the riders , to pull out of the tour by the pressures on us from all sides , '' virenque said .
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`` at the request of the tour de france we have to leave the tour . ''
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`` it 's better we stop the tour now , '' virenque said .
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festina riders will not race in saturday 's time trial , the seventh stage of the three-week long race that began july 11 in ireland and will end aug. 2 .
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the director of the tour de france jean-marie leblanc made the announcement friday evening that the festina team was excluded from the tour after the director of the team , bruno roussel , admitted a practice of supplying illegal drugs with medical supervision to improve performances .
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the tour de france tried to recover saturday from the shock that was a bombshell to the race .
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the festina team was leading the tour de france and also had two of the individual favorites , in virenque and alex zuelle .