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For many babes, living a vegan lifestyle means much more than kale smoothies and bananas everyday.
It extends to their whole lifestyle, including what brands they choose to wear and what beauty they use on their face and body.
If that's you, then you’re probably well aware of the benefits of vegan sunscreen - and all animal friendly beauty products - for your skin, for the animals and for the environment.
However, if you’re not necessarily a vegan eater but much prefer your skin only comes into contact with natural products, then keep reading as we explain why using a vegan sunscreen is better. You wont regret it.
Slathering on sunscreen is essential for a hot summer day. Whether you’re in Bondi, Perth or the Gold Coast, the Aussie sun is known for its strength and it’s important to keep your skin protected in the best way.
Natural vs chemical sunscreens
The obvious difference between a natural and a “regular” chemical sunscreen is in the ingredients and how they work to shield you from the sun. Natural sunscreen use physical UV filters whereas chemical sunscreens opt for chemical UV filters like octylcrylene and helioplex.
Natural UV filters work by reflecting the sun's rays, whereas chemical filters absorb sun rays into their compounds so your skin doesn't burn. Despite the fact that you’re essentially protected from the sun using both, if a product is strong enough to absorb the sun, it probably isn't the best for your skin.
Are you the type of babe who lathers on their lotions then runs into the sun immediately? Us too. Chemical sunscreens take at least twenty minutes to become effective, whereas a natural serum will start protecting your skin against the sun's rays immediately.
A sunscreen with chemicals also has a huge tendency to absorb into the skin, meaning all the unnatural ingredients within them, get into your bloodstream, causing your body to work harder to detoxify. We don't know about you babes, but all natural wins this round for us.
Ethical beauty is the best kind of beauty
Despite the fact that we’re in 2018, a lot of standard sunscreens contain animal-derived ingredients. From beeswax to collagen and elastin which is found in the artery walls and intestines of our furry friends. So sad, but so true.
Creating ethical products should really be a given, especially for all the environmental issues at play with an estimated 25 percent of sunscreen applied ending up in the ocean. Evidence over the last few years shows that common sunscreen chemicals have a devastating effect on sea life.
Researchers have established that one particular product called oxybenzone can cause coral to deform and die when entered into the ocean via sunscreen chemicals. One of the many reasons why it was an obvious choice for us to leave oxybenzone off our Moisturising Sunscreen's ingredient list.
Hawaii has even taken these concerns so seriously that they are working on banning skincare companies from selling chemical products on its islands. Vacay to Hawaii anyone?
Suited for everyone
You always want to know what you’re putting on your skin, especially if you’re going to be reapplying it heavily every few hours. Even more so if you suffer from sensitive skin or putting it on your mini babes.
Generally the difference between an adults regular chemical-laden sunscreen and a kids, is that the kids version just has less irritants. Do you know what's better than less? Absolutely none. Vegan sunscreen is suited to everyone babes. Make it best friend with our Bali Body Moisturising Sunscreen now.
#BBProTip: Layer our SPF Sunscreen with your favourite SPF Tanning Oil for ultimate hydration and glow. | Yes |
Coffee has become a part of our daily lives.
Whether it’s at home or in the office, it seems everyone drinks coffee every day.
But how much caffeine is too much?
And how long does its effect last?
Coffee contains a number of compounds that affect the body.
The most common ones include caffeine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, and lignin.
These compounds have various health benefits, such as improving brain function, boosting energy levels, and reducing stress.
1 According to studies, drinking coffee regularly can boost your metabolism and improve your sleep quality.
In addition, it also helps reduce fatigue and improves concentration.<
How long does the effect of coffee last?
Coffee contains caffeine, a stimulant that helps wake people up in the morning. It also contains other chemicals that help stimulate the central nervous system. Caffeine is not stored in the body but is eliminated from the body within 4 hours after drinking coffee. Coffee drinkers who consume three cups of coffee per day may experience headaches, irritability, and jitteriness. These symptoms usually disappear within 24 hours after drinking coffee. However, if you drink coffee every day, these side effects may become permanent.
What effect does coffee have on you?
Coffee is a popular beverage around the world. Many people enjoy drinking coffee because it gives them energy and improves their moods. But coffee can be harmful to health if consumed excessively. Drinking coffee daily can lead to heart diseases, strokes, diabetes, and cancer. People who drink coffee daily may experience headaches, irritablility, and jitteriness, especially if they drink more than 3 cups of coffee per day.
Let us explore the in-depth analysis of coffee and how long its effect lasts:
Caffeine is a chemical compound found naturally in coffee beans. It is a stimulant and helps increase alertness and wakefulness. Caffeine is present in many other drinks such as tea, cola, chocolate, and cocoa. Coffee contains caffeine, but not nearly as much as these other beverages. A cup of regular brewed coffee contains about 100 milligrams of caffeine, while a cup of black tea contains about 80 mg of caffeine. Regular caffeinated soft drinks contain about 50 mg of caffeine per 12 oz serving.
How long will the effect of coffee last in different individuals?
Coffee is known to give a short burst of energy followed by a crash. This is because caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. In addition, coffee contains tannins, chlorogenic acids, and polyphenols. These compounds help reduce the effects of caffeine. However, if you drink a lot of coffee, the effects of caffeine may become stronger.
Factors that contribute to how long the effect of coffee lasts:
1. Age: Coffee is known to lose its effectiveness after a certain period of time. For instance, older people tend to feel the effects of caffeine longer than younger people. 2. Gender: Men generally experience the effects of caffeine longer compared to women.
Regular smokers and medication
Coffee is a stimulant and contains caffeine. Caffeine is a chemical compound found naturally in coffee beans. It is a central nervous system CNS stimulant. In addition to stimulating the CNS, caffeine is also used to treat insomnia and other sleep disorders. Caffeine acts on the brain and nerves by blocking adenosine receptors. Adenosine is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate sleep cycles. By blocking these receptors, caffeine prevents adenosine from binding to the receptor sites and thus reduces the level of adenosine in the body. This results in increased alertness and wakefulness. It is important to note that caffeine does not stay in the body very long. After about four hours, the amount of caffeine in the blood starts to decrease. However, if you drink coffee every day, the amount of caffeine stays in the body for several days.
Pregnant Women and Women on birth control
Women who are pregnant or taking birth control pills should avoid drinking coffee because caffeine can affect the fetus and the baby during pregnancy. Coffee contains caffeine which is a stimulant and can increase heart rate and blood pressure. These factors can lead to premature labor and miscarriage. If you are planning to become pregnant, talk to your doctor first before starting any new medications.
What are the positive and negative effects of caffeine?
Caffeine is a stimulant found naturally in coffee beans, tea leaves, cocoa beans, kola nuts, guarana berries, yucca roots, and cola nuts. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that affects the body’s adrenal glands, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. It is a mild diuretic and can cause insomnia. Caffeine is also known to raise cholesterol levels and promote weight gain.
What are 5 short term effects of caffeine?
Caffeine is a stimulant that affects the central nervous system. It is found naturally in coffee beans, tea leaves, cocoa beans, kola nuts, guarana seeds, cola nuts, and yerba mate. Caffeine is a natural substance that helps people stay awake during the day. However, excessive intake of caffeine can lead to insomnia, anxiety, irritability, and other side effects.
What are 3 long-term effects of caffeine?
Caffeine is a stimulant found naturally in coffee beans, tea leaves, cocoa beans, and cola nuts. It stimulates the central nervous system and improves mental alertness. Caffeine helps people stay awake during the day and reduces sleepiness at night. It also promotes wakefulness in people who suffer from insomnia. However, excessive consumption of caffeine can lead to headaches, irritability, anxiety, and even heart palpitations.
What are 3 effects caffeine has on the body?
Caffeine is a stimulant found naturally in coffee beans, tea leaves, cocoa beans, kola nuts, guarana berries, cola nuts, and yucca roots. It is used as a drug to treat insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Caffeine is also known to improve athletic performance. Caffeine helps the body produce energy from carbohydrates and fats. It improves mental alertness and concentration. It also boosts metabolism and burns fat. It is also helpful in treating headaches and migraines. Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system and reduces fatigue. It also helps increase blood flow to muscles and brain. It also helps reduce stress and anxiety.
What are 5 long term effects of caffeine?
Caffeine is a stimulant found naturally in coffee beans, tea leaves, cocoa beans, kola nuts, guarana berries, cola nuts, and yucca roots. It is also present in many other plants such as parsley, chamomile, and mint. Caffeine is a natural part of our diet and we consume it every day. However, excessive consumption of caffeine can lead to health problems. Caffeine is known to stimulate the central nervous system CNS and the adrenal glands. This leads to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. Excessive intake of caffeine can also cause insomnia, anxiety, headaches, irritability, tremors, palpitations, and muscle twitching. | Yes |
Calcium Lactate Gluconate
Price And Quantity
- 25.00 - 50.00 INR
- Promote Nutrition
- Increase Immunity
- After Food
- Room Temperature
We are one of the leading manufacturers, exporters, and traders of Calcium Lactate Gluconate. The offered product is the salt of calcium, lactic acid and gluconic acid used in effervescent calcium tablets. It is soluble, white, odorless and neutral tasting crystalline solid used for the treatment of osteoporosis. This solid also finds wide use in various applications of the fortified food industry. Calcium Lactate Gluconate is globally appreciated for its good solubility and neutral taste. This salt is also used in various techniques in molecular gastronomy as well as to help neutralize HF (hydrofluoric acid) poisoning.
- Cash in Advance (CID), Cash Advance (CA)
- 1000 Per Day
- 7 Days
- North America, Asia, Australia, Central America, South America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Middle East, Africa
- ISO 9000:2015 and DUNS certified.
311, Atlantis Heights, Sarabhai Main Road, Vadiwadi, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390007, India | Yes |
Yellowing of carpet fiber is often perplexing to the consumer and the carpet professional alike. Consumers often insist yellowing is a result of a manufacturing defect and the carpet professional has a difficult time convincing the consumer otherwise. Yellowing of carpet fiber has become more commonplace in recent years due to the development of stain resist technology. Consumers are now able to purchase lighter shades of carpet with less worries about the cleanability of the fiber. These new, lighter colors hide yellowing less than the darker colors of the past. |
Identifying the source of the yellowing can sometimes be elusive. There are a number of causes for yellowing of synthetic carpet fiber. Yellowing can be the result of one isolated source or a combination of sources.
While permanently eliminating the reoccurrence of yellowing can be difficult without identifying the source, a temporary solution can usually be achieved by applying an approved acid-rinse solution to the face fiber. An acetic acid solution or a citric acid solution should be used by a carpet cleaning professional to remove any yellow discoloration. A ten (10%) percent pharmaceutical grade citric acid solution often works well due to the residual benefits of the citric acid solution. In some cases, the consumer may use a solution of one cup water mixed with one cup white vinegar to neutralize small areas of discoloration. Any other consumer application should be discouraged. The application of any detergent solution should also be discouraged since some types of yellowing can be permanently "set" by the high alkalinities of many detergent solutions. Possible Causes of Yellowing
BHT (butylated hydroxy toluene) or BHA (butylated hydroxy anisole) is probably the most commonly recognized yellowing situation and probably the most over-blamed. BHT serves as an ultraviolet inhibitor and an antioxidant. It was used through the years as a preservative in polypropylene yarn systems, carpet adhesives, some latex formulations, various backings and backcoatings, and many other consumer products. BHT is considered non toxic and is even contained in many food items.
One of the big problems that can happen with carpet is that it sometimes develops a yellow cast. The most common causes of this problem are:
Use of a detergent with a pH over 10 on stain-resist nylon carpet: To cure the yellowing from an overly aggressive detergent, rinse with water to remove the excess detergent, apply Brown Out® diluted 1 part Brown Out to 2 parts of water (43 ounces per gallon) to the affected areas, allow to work on the yellowing for 15-20 minutes, do a single wet pass with just plain water and 2 dry passes. Since the stain resistance has been destroyed, Bane-Guard™ or Teflon® to the carpet. However, the stain resistance warranty has still been voided! Application of silicone protector on stain-resist nylon carpet: To cure the yellowing from an overly aggressive (pH above 10) detergent, rinse with water to remove the excess. To cure the yellowing from the use of a silicone protector, remove the silicone by normal cleaning followed by the Brown Out treatment at 1:2 with water as above and apply Bane-Guard™. However, in both situations, the warranty has still been voided!
BHT yellowing: BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene) is a common slowly vaporizing preservative used in many plastics including rebond pad. It is even used as a preservative in bread, because it performs well against free radicals. Most of the problems have been on carpets in areas of low air circulation such as in closets, under low-lying furniture, or under throw rugs.
For more info of this topic, check the links below:
carpet cleaning west auckland
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carpet cleaning, carpet care, carpet cleaners, carpet cleaner auckland, carpet cleaning northshore, | Yes |
Then, getting off frogs’ legs, into the 1794, Volta performed tests to measure new electric aftereffect of taking various other sets regarding gold and silver to the get in touch with. He indexed the fresh metals manageable out-of exactly what he entitled its electromotive force.
When you look at the progressive code, we could possibly say that this new further apart the new substances about this record are, the more the fresh voltage they are going to create when produced www.datingranking.net/pl/BBWCupid-recenzja toward contact otherwise utilized since electrodes within the electronic tissues and you can electric batteries. For example, a great zinc-graphite cellphone will write a greater current than an excellent zinc-direct phone.
He now realized your the answer to promoting just what now we call a voltage try a few gold and silver connected of the one thing wet, such as frogs’ ft. Brand new moist partnership between your precious metals did not have are a pet. Hooking up this new gold and silver by setting her or him inside a cup of dilute acidic are an effective technique for generating electricity.
The guy formally separated electricity conductors for the the ones from the original form: they were metals, graphite and you will absolute charcoal; and also the 2nd kind: they were ingredients we might now name electrolytes, such as for example sodium liquid otherwise dilute acids. An electronic current do impact whenever a routine is actually oriented using a couple of conductors of one’s basic kind and among the second form.
A good example away from Volta’s 1800 report. Bits of silver (A) and you will zinc (Z) connected of the metal pieces and you will sitting within the cups of dilute acid will produce strength. This is examined by the placing a thumb for the each one of the conclusion glasses. You would rating an electric wonder. As opposed to Galvani’s type, no dogs you need to harm in this development, except for the human examiner just who will get a gentle digital wonder.
- They conducted energy as the conductors of your own second type.
- They acted as the a highly painful and sensitive electroscope. (An electroscope are a device always find electricity.)
Diagram of Volta’s 1800 papers. The newest bunch is established playing with disks off gold (A) and you may zinc (Z) connected during the collection that have card soaked inside salt liquid. The good and you can bad polarities of electric battery try since the shown. Adding alot more pairs out of discs boosts the current of your power.
Volta learned that of the hooking up right up more and more pairs of gold and silver related to damp cards, he could generate ever higher voltages, ultimately causing extreme electronic currents.
Banks exhibited the newest page to many other experts, and you can build getting Volta’s description off their discovery to get understand out on a meeting of your Society right after which penned.
Volta’s Battery pack Unleashes a wave of new Scientific Findings
The beauty of their unit is you to definitely almost anyone make one to – silver and you may copper coins was available to a lot of people, as the was almost every other metals such metal, tin and you may zinc.
Contained in this days from Volta’s creativity of power, William Nicholson and you may Anthony Carlisle established and used a power supply to help you rot water on the hydrogen and you will clean air.
Within half dozen years, Humphry Davy had depending a robust battery. Inside it, the guy separated the chemical substances points, and you will deduced you to toxins bonds was electronic in the wild.
Volta shows his battery pack so you can Napoleon Bonaparte within the 1801. Napoleon are really content of the Volta’s performs, providing your the new aristocratic name away from Number.
Davy’s breakthroughs of one’s the fresh elements barium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and strontium, was every made possible because of the Volta’s creativity of your own power.
Volta’s battery lead a reliable way to obtain electric energy to the first time actually ever. All the electricity devices confidence electric current. As opposed to Volta’s innovation, there is certainly no today’s technology. Volta’s power try a completely essential creativity regarding the growth of the technical created civilization. | Yes |
Pediatric Liver Transplant Evaluation: Tests
Some blood tests help determine how well your child's liver is functioning:
Liver enzymes: Elevated liver enzyme levels alert physicians to liver damage because enzymes leak into the bloodstream when the liver is damaged.
The liver produces bilirubin
, which is excreted in the bile. Elevated bilirubin levels often indicate the liver's bile processing or flow are impaired.
Albumin: This protein is manufactured by the liver, and below-normal levels are associated with many chronic liver disorders.
Clotting studies, such as prothrombin time (PT or INR) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT): These tests measure the time it takes for blood to clot. Blood clotting requires vitamin K and proteins, which the liver makes. Liver cell damage and bile obstruction can both interfere with proper blood clotting.
Your child's blood type: Each person has a specific blood type (type A, B, AB or O). The donor liver ideally would be from a person of the same or compatible blood type.
Screening chemistry and blood counts: These tests are ordered to assess other organ function and to help direct any further testing that may be needed.
Viral titers: These tests determine if your child has antibodies to viruses that may cause complications after surgery.
An ultrasound is a safe, painless way to take pictures of the inside of the body, using high-frequency sound waves and a computer. Your child's doctor may order an abdominal ultrasound to get a closer look at the liver. Ultrasounds can be done on an outpatient basis.
If your child's ultrasound is scheduled at a CHOP facility, consult this page for instructions and more information.
Reviewed by: Elizabeth B. Rand, MD
Date: November 2012 | Yes |
1. Inform you about time table of exam.
2. Inform you about new question papers.
3. New video tutorials information.
Nitration, Halogenation, Sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction and Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction
Suggest the name of a Lewis acid other than anhydrous aluminium chloride which can be used during ethylation of benzene.
Arrange the following set of compounds in order of their decreasing relative reactivity with an electrophile, E+
Chlorobenzene, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene | Yes |
$6.95 - $209.95
Wolf Tooth WT-1 Chain Lube is a synthetic lubricant and a chain treatment in the same bottle. As a synthetic chain lubricant, WT-1 will improve the mechanical efficiency of your drivetrain while lasting 3-5x longer than most other chain lubes. As a chain treatment, WT-1 will clean your chain by pushing dirt and debris to the surface where it can be wiped away. It will also protect your chain in all riding conditions, and allow you to ride longer between applications. - Cleans, lubricates, and protects chains - Peak performance in all conditions, wet and dry - Also works on other places of your bike, including hubs, cables, and jockey wheels
UFO chain lubricant hardens to a 100% dry coating to protect against unwanted contaminants, which results in a quieter drivetrain, reduced friction and component wear. - Tested in real-world conditions to quantitatively create the most efficient mode of chain lubrication to date - The improved performance and reduced friction can save up to 5 watts for increased efficiency - *Bottle, chain and air temperature should be at or above 68F for proper application and performance - *Additional instructions and recommended application steps are included in box - 300 km per coating - More than 35 coatings per bottle - Non toxic, non-flammable, bio-degradable formula - Increased temperature stability - apply between 5-35OC / 41-95OF
Zipp's Bearing Grease is perfect for your home workshop and traveling toolbox, too. It's a quality lubricant designed to minimize friction and maximize the life of your components. And it's easy to apply with its 20ml syringe container.
$7.99 - $11.99
Clean Ride is White Lightning's legendary self-cleaning lube. By creating a dry, waxy film on your chain this lube doesn't attract dirt and grime like traditional oil based lubricants. Should dirt work its way onto your chain or gears Clean Ride's self-cleaning action is activated causing small particles of wax to break free, taking the riff-raff with it. Not only will you spend less time cleaning your chain, you'll enhance the lifespan of your drivetrain, too!
Clean Ride is White Lightning's legendary self-cleaning lube. By creating a dry, waxy film this lube doesn't attract dirt and grime like traditional oil based lubricants. Should dirt work its way onto your chain or gears Clean Ride's self-cleaning action is activated causing small particles of wax to break free, taking the riff-raff with it. Not only will you spend less time cleaning your chain, you'll enhance the lifespan of your drivetrain, too!
$9.79 - $12.99
- Evaporates fast and leaves no residue - A "no-scrub" cleaner that cleans to the base and prepares surfaces for application of high-performance lubricants - No water rinsing is required - Clean Streak's No-Rinse, No-Residue formula is perfect for use on disc brake rotors
White Lightning's Crystal Grease is so pure and innovative, it's clear. Premium base oils allow this 100% waterproof grease to provide smooth, long-lasting lubrication and the clear color won't stain or hide damage and contaminants. And, you'll feel good knowing that it's biodegradable, non-toxic, and won't harm carbon, seals and other crucial components.
$8.99 - $14.99
White Lightning's Epic Ride lets you take on that all day ride and hear only the birds chirping, not your chain squealing. Its unique formula features premium non-petroleum synthetics that provide unheard of durability without the grimey build-up common with synthetic oils. This versatile lube also works wonders on derailleur cables and suspension seals. And, good news for the forgetful amongst us, Epic Ride is lube-and-go, no prep or dry time required!
Matte Finisher, 19oz Spray Bottle Matte Finisher delivers a streak-free, gloss-free finish, which helps matte finish bikes look "showroom" new. Also safe for use on clear-coated bicycles.
Clean your chain in under 20-seconds with White Lightning's The Trigger. Simply close the lid of The Trigger over your chain, spray, and backpedal your chain for about three revolutions. The Trigger comes with one 12-ounce can of Clean Streak so you'll have everything you need for a clean, quiet ride.
$7.99 - $11.99
Rain, sleet, hail, snow, no matter what form it comes in, water can reek havoc on your drivetrain. Fortunately, White Lightning's Wet Ride is designed to meet the demands of riders who traverse soggy terrain and ultra-long distances. This heavy bodied lube is made of premium synthetic oils and water-repelling polymers so it's 100% waterproof and unwaveringly durable. Dirt loving riders will appreciate how well it counteracts the effects of mud and every cyclist will appreciate the anti-corrosion additives that even protect during wet, winter commuting.
$11.99 - $19.99
Absolute Bike Grease: WPL Absolute Bike Grease is a premium calcium-based grease of high thermal stability composed purely of bio-based oils and chemicals. The zero-toxicity formula is compatible with rubber and elastomers providing a working temperature range of -40°C to 120°C. The class-leading, ultra-slippery formula is a mechanic's choice for building bicycles with efficient movement constancy and elevated corrosion resistance. - Premium bio-based formula made with natural ingredients - Improve performance of moving parts with advanced friction-reducing properties - All purpose, waterproof assembly grease for bearings, bushings, wheels, and headsets - Working temperature range of -40°C to 120°C - Biodegradable, non-toxic formula is safe for rubber and rubber derivatives
WPL Bio Bike Wash (946ml) is a powerful, eco-efficient, all-purpose bike cleaner for quick and easy bike washes no matter the riding conditions. This 100% biodegradable, non-toxic formula is non-corrosive and 100% VOC free and phosphate free, keeping the mechanic and environment safe from harm. Extremely tough on dirt yet safe on all bicycle materials, our proprietary formula makes post-ride bicycle maintenance an easy and efficient task. - Advanced surface-active compounds cuts through dirt and contaminants - Fast and efficient cleaning abilities requires minimal effort for the best clean - Class-leading eco-friendly formula made is 100% biodegradable, VOC-free and Phosphate-free - All-purpose cleaner for all bicycle parts and frames, including carbon - Safe on seals, anodized metals, disc rotors and brake pads
WPL Bio-Solvent Degreaser (473ml) is a powerful biodegradable solvent degreaser for eliminating contaminants and grease build-up from drivetrain parts. The non-toxic, petroleum-free, bio-based formula easily dissolves stubborn contaminants, leaving the drivetrain clean and efficient. Can be sprayed directly onto bicycle parts or used for isolated cleaning in chain cleaning tools or degreaser bins. - Premium bio-based formula made with natural ingredients - Powerful solvent easily removes grease and grime - For use on drivetrain parts with stubborn grease build-up and contamination - Easy spray trigger penetrates deep into moving parts
WPL Dry Chain Lube is a premium bio-based chain lube formulated for dry and dusty riding conditions. The endurance formulate has been designed to penetrate deep into chain links to maximize pedal efficiency and facilitate gear-shifting. The biodegradable, non-toxic, and PTFE-free formula keeps the mechanic and the environment safe from harm. Class-leading surface-binding compounds create a thin film around moving chain links to create unparalleled performance for riders of all disciplines. - Premium bio-based formula made with natural ingredients - Emulsifite technology provides dynamic cleaning abilities and prevents black goop build-up - Long-lasting formula improves pedal efficiency by reducing chain wear and friction - For use on bicycle chains, shifters, derailleurs and cables - Biodegradable, non-toxic, PTFE-free formula is environmentally friendly
WPL Wet Chain Lube is a premium bio-based chain lube providing efficient pedaling and long-lasting performance to cyclists of all disciplines. Formulated specifically for wet conditions and long-distance riding, proprietary Emulsifite technology allows for easy cleaning of the chain after long rides by dissolving under high-pressure water. The concentration of Emulsifites in the lube has been fine tuned to resist puddle and rainwater but to activate under high-pressure water from a hose. All you have to do is spray your chain with water after your ride, and the accumulated dirt and grime will disappear. - Premium bio-based formula made with natural ingredients - Emulsifite technology provides dynamic cleaning abilities and prevents black goop build-up - Long-lasting formula improves pedal efficiency by reducing chain wear and friction - For use on bicycle chains, shifters, derailleurs and cables - Biodegradable, non-toxic, PTFE-free formula is environmentally friendly
- Biodegradable foaming wash that is easy to use and powerful enough to remove embedded grease and grime - Prevents component wear, damage and surface scratching - Safe for use on all bike surfaces including carbon fiber, titanium, chrome, aluminum, rubber and plastics - Volume: 32oz/946ml
WD-40 Dry Lube is the perfect chain and component lubrication for dry and arid riding conditions. Extensively tested by scientists and pro mechanics alike, it keeps your bicycle shifting like a dream and pedaling smoothly. It boasts special polymers that form a dry film to protect your chain and repel dirt in dry conditions. The result is a clean, quiet, perfectly functioning and long-lasting drivetrain.
WD-40's Wet Lube is the perfect bicycle lubricant for riding in wet and muddy conditions. Their exclusive formula has been tested and proven by mechanics and cyclists and is amped up for premium lubrication. Wet Lube improves shifting and extends the life of your chain and drivetrain components by repelling moisture and gunk. - For extreme wet and muddy riding conditions. Works well in winter conditions as well (handles cold well) - Improves shifting and extends chain life by repelling moisture and gunk - Goes on wet, stays wet - Does not contain wax - Specifically developed for bicycles and thoroughly tested by WD-40 scientists in partnership with IBDs, pro bike mechanics, and pro cyclists
Tri-Flow Foaming Lubricant helps penetrate and protect bearings, chains and cables. - Foaming action helps cling to vertical or horizontal surfaces - High grade petroleum oils provide optimum lubrication under extreme temperatures (-60 to 475F) and humidity
- Long lasting teflon paraffin wax and oil penetrant set up dry - Law prohibits orm-D materials from shipping by air
$5.99 - $127.10
- Light viscosity oil for deep penetration with teflon for durability - Law prohibits orm-D materials from shipping by air
- All purpose waterproof synthetic grease with teflon - Clear formulation for quick/Easy contamination identification - Fits dualco-Style grease gun heads
- Includes all the parts and tools needed, just add mineral oil - Hose cutter - Two premium syringes with thread on hoses - Bleed port adaptors - Bleed blocks of 2, and 4 piston calipers - Assortment of compression nuts, olives and barbs
- For hydraulic braking systems - Non-corrosive mineral oil - Excellent heat managment properties - Volumes : 50ml or 1000ml
• Penetrating all purpose lubricant with PTFE • Repels moisture and prevents rust and corrosion • Use on chains, cables and pivot points • Loosens rusted and corroded nuts and bolts • Ideal for all conditions wet, dry, road and trail • 12 ounces
Keep your bike running smoothly with Sunlite's Dry Lube w/Silicone. It's silicone based, so you can use it on metal, plastic, rubber, almost everywhere. Being a dry lube, it doesn't attract dirt and grime, either.
• High gloss formula provides the ultimate shine on all surfaces: metal, carbon fiber, plastic, rubber and vinyl. • Polishes and protects in one easy step • Use on bicycles, fitness equipment, motorcycles, watercraft, ATVs and more. • Slick film helps prevent dirt build-up on frame and parts.
Keep your drivetrain quiet while protecting your components with Squirt Dry Lube. This long-lasting wax and water-based lubricant is low maintenance and easy to apply: no degreasing is needed, just squirt it on and ride. Squirt is 100% biodegradable and doesn't contain harmful solvents. Plus, it works in all-conditions, wet or dry, for mountain and road.
- Superior formulated dot brake fluid for dot 3 and dot 4 applications - Exceeds DOT 5.1 "Silicone" specifications - Synthetic glycol-ether formula will mix with other brake fluids conforming to US FMVSS: Dot 3/4 Requirements - Lasts up to 3 years in high performance conditions
Page 1 of 7 Next page | Yes |
WHITE PE MASTERBATCH FOR ECONOMY FILM APPLICATIONS
WHITE MASTERBATCH PE0301
WHITE PE0301 is a white low density polyethylene based masterbatch containing premium TiO2 and calcium carbonate filler without any content of fluorescence whitener. This product is designed for use in economy films, especially for HDPE film products. Typical final products are thin shopping bags and geomembrane. The calcium carbonate filler offers the anti-blocking property for ease of film mouth opening.
Method of Usage:
WHITE PE0301 is designed for ease of dispersion and is therefore suitable for direct addition and mixing with plastic resins in mixer, free from pollution problem caused by pigment.
Range of Application:
WHITE PE0301 is designed for LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE and PP.
Pigment Content: TiO2 37%
Density: 23℃ 1.98g/cm3
MFI: 2.16kg/190℃ 5g/10min
Compatibility: LDPE, HDPE, PP and Ethylene Copolymer
Quoted test results should not be used for specification purposes but are typical test values intended for guidance only without warranty.
WHITE PE0301is supplied in regular pellet form packed in 25kg bags. It should be stored in a dry place.
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Phosphate Adsorption onto Granular-Acid-Activated-Neutralized Red Mud: Parameter Optimization, Kinetics, Isotherms, and Mechanism Analysis
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Powdered-acid-activated-neutralized red mud (Aan-RM), the chemico-physically modified product of red mud, was for the first time employed with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and powdered straw as the main ingredients for granular Aan-RM production for phosphate removal. In order to better understand the phosphate adsorption characteristics of granular Aan-RM, the influence of operational parameters on the performance of granular Aan-RM and the possible adsorption mechanisms involved were investigated. The results demonstrated that the adsorbent dosage, adsorption temperature, and initial solution pH influenced the adsorption performance of granular Aan-RM significantly. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of granular Aan-RM reached 153.227 mg/g with the granular Aan-RM dosage of 3.0 g/L, adsorption temperature of 40 °C, and initial solution pH of 6.0. The whole adsorption process was well described by nth-order kinetic model and Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm. Meanwhile, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of P 2p peak on granular Aan-RM after phosphate adsorption demonstrated that 79.01 % of the phosphate was adsorbed through precipitation and ion exchange mechanisms with strong chemical bonds, and 20.99 % of the phosphate was adsorbed through surface deposition mechanism with weak chemical bonds.
KeywordsRed mud Granule Phosphate adsorption Precipitation Surface deposition
The authors are thankful to the China Scholarship Council (CSC), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51178047, 51378190, 51039001), and Furong Scholar of Hunan Province for support.
- Yao, Y., Gao, B., Chen, J., & Yang, L. (2013). Engineered biochar reclaiming phosphate from aqueous solutions: mechanisms and potential application as a slow-release fertilizer. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(15), 8700–8708.Google Scholar
- Ye, J., Zhang, P., Hoffmann, E., Zeng, G., Tang, Y., Dresely, J., & Liu, Y. (2014). Comparison of response surface methodology and artificial neural network in optimization and prediction of acid activation of bauxsol for phosphorus adsorption. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 225(12), 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar | Yes |
fly ash binder does not require the high-temperature processing of portland more than 20 billion tons of concrete are produced around the world every shahsavari suggested the same strategy could be used to turn other ,using fly ash in concrete,what to look for when using fly ash in precast products. in 1992, 460 million metric tons of coal ash were produced worldwide. to the levels in class c fly ash), the composition of the glass can change, making it more reactive.
nearly fifty million tons of fly ash are produced annually in the united states with over ten million tons used annually in engineering applications. this tonnage ,converting waste coal fly ash into effective adsorbent for the ,converting coal fly ash waste into an adsorbent for the removal of ammonia nitrogen is an effective approach. chemically around 750 million tons in 2012.
fly ash and coal conversion by products characterization calculate how many ounces pounds milligrams grams kilograms or tonnes of a selected substance ,use of flyash in agriculture a way to improve soil fertility ,fly ash (fa)-a coal combustion residue of thermal power plants has been (1997) have reported that fa production in india will exceed 140 million tons by 2020 utilization of fly ash needs careful assessment to prevent conversion of arable
there is provided a process for converting wet fly ash into a useful product such as cement replacement or industrial filler. a first amount of wet fly ash is ,dry fly ash system conversion for an existing 480 mw power ,one way to do both of these is to convert an existing wet fly ash handling system to a dry fly ash handling sys- tem. this conversion replaces the large cost and
step-by-step explanation: the material has a specific gravity between 1.9 2.4, a bulk density of about 0.8 1 ton per cubic meter and a ,characterization of fly ash for their ,this is to certify that the thesis entitled characterisation of fly ash for their million tonnes, which again would pose a serious problem of disposal. potential possibilities for modifying the characteristics of fly ash to advantage, converting it.
a general method of converting various coal ashes into zeolites was investigated. fly ashes from several utility power plants were fused with ,how to convert tons of fly ash and how to convert,jan 15, 2015 conversion of coal fly ash to zeolite utilizing microwave and ultrasound energies: a review. it is a prevalent opinion that a ton of cfa used to
the results also show that conversion of the coal fly ash into highpurity at a pressure of 15 tons for 1 min using a dickie and stockler manual pelletizer.,coal conversion program energy supply and environmental , tons per year of fly ash particulates . in 1985 with all conversion candidates burning coal , the associated particulates would be about 175,000 tons per year .
request pdf conversion of high silicon fly ash to nap1 zeolite: alkaline fusion followed by hydrothermal crystallization in this research, we converted high ,'kinetics of coal fly ash chlorination by phosgene ' by douglas ,the kinetics of the reaction between phosgene and a fly ash composed of 97 weight reaction ratio were determined over a fly ash conversion range of 0 to 0.375. metric tons of fly ash collected annually by a 1000 megawatt power station.
conversion of fly ash into aggregate - aardelite utilization [phase it will be able to turn out 330,800 tons of lightweight aggregate per year.,conversion of class-f fly ash to zeolites wei ,it was shown that fly ash can be converted into two forms of zeolites: p and faujasite, by varying the treatment condition. in addition, zeolite p was found to form
of fly ash in concrete grow dramatically with close to 15 million tons used in con- historically, fly ash has been used in concrete at levels ranging from 15 to 25 by tious materials may cause unsoundness (undesirable volume change).,nu-rock technology converting every tonne of ash to a new ,(australia) - nu-rock technology is a significant new development for the conversion of readily available fly ash and bottom ash into low cost
class f fly ash can be used in soil stabilization applications with the addition of a plasticity index is geared towards measuring this chemical change in the soil.,conversion of fly ash into aggregate ,objective. the project is focused on the low energy conversion of : i. low nox fly ash, and. ii. moist fly ash from disposal sites into lightweight aggregates for the
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Note: If you're interested in the product, please submit your requirements and contacts and then we will contact you in two days. We promise that all your informations won't be leaked to anyone. | Yes |
Indomethacin is a member of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class, which has great potential for use in the treatment of glioma. However, it induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes molecular damage while inducing its effects. Vitamin E is widely used in the complementary therapy of cancers. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TOS) against the oxidative damage induced by indomethacin in C6 glioma cells. Cells were treated with 10 piM alpha-TOS alone or in combination with 200 piM indomethacin for two days. The intracellular ROS level, molecular damage as revealed by lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl formation, and the COX activity in C6 glioma cells were measured. Treatment of the cells with alpha-TOS and indomethacin, alone or in combination, caused the levels of ROS generation and protein damage to increase, but protected against lipid peroxidation and reduced COX activity. | Yes |
3 inch yellow cover butterfly valve
The valve body adopts reinforced PP, acid alkali resistant all kinds of oil products; the valve door is rotated with yellow cover, which is beautiful elegant, the two seals are safe reliable;
The sealing ring is made of high-quality silica gel (food grade), nitrile rubber (oil resistant) fluorine rubber (strong acid-base resistance). The rubber ring can be supplied according to the type of liquid filled by customers;
The handle of butterfly shaft is made of 304 stainless steel, which is resistant to acid alkali corrosion;
The chassis fixing bolts are made of 304 stainless steel galvanized high strength carbon steel, which are supplied according to different requirements of customers. | Yes |
Research Articles >
College of Science >
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title: ||Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals and a Metalloid in Agricultural Soils in Tarkwa, Ghana|
|Authors: ||Bortey-Sam, Nesta|
Nakayama, Shouta M. M.
|Keywords: ||heavy metals|
|Issue Date: ||11-Sep-2015|
|Publisher: ||Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute|
|Citation: ||Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 11448-11465; doi:10.3390/ijerph120911448|
|Abstract: ||Heavy metals and a metalloid in agricultural soils in 19 communities in Tarkwa
were analyzed to assess the potential ecological risk. A total of 147 soil samples were
collected in June, 2012 and analyzed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn.
Mean concentrations (mg/kg dw) of heavy metals in the communities decreased in order of
Zn (39) ˃ Cr (21) ˃ Pb (7.2) ˃ Cu (6.2) ˃ As (4.4) ˃ Ni (3.7) ˃ Co (1.8) ˃ Hg (0.32) ˃ Cd
(0.050). Correlations among heavy metals and soil properties indicated that soil organic
matter could have substantial influence on the total contents of these metals in soil.
From the results, integrated pollution (Cdeg) in some communities such as, Wangarakrom
(11), Badukrom (13) and T–Tamso (17) indicated high pollution with toxic metals, especially from As and Hg. Potential ecological risk (RI) indices indicated low (Mile 7) to
high risks (Wangarakrom; Badukrom) of metals. Based on pollution coefficient (Cif), Cdeg,
monomial ecological risk (Eir) and RI, the investigated soils fall within low to high
contamination and risk of heavy metals to the ecological system especially plants,
soil invertebrates and/or mammalian wildlife. This represented moderate potential
ecological risk in the study area, and mining activities have played a significant role.|
|Description: ||An article published by Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute and also available at doi:10.3390/ijerph120911448|
|Appears in Collections:||College of Science|
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. | Yes |
Evonik is reportedly investing an amount in the upper double-digit million euro range to expand its fumed silica capacities in Antwerp, Belgium. The production complex is scheduled to become operational in the summer of 2019. Typical applications of the specialty silica, which Evonik markets under the name Aerosil, include coatings and paints, modern adhesive systems, transparent silicones and non-flammable high-performance insulation materials. Silica are part of “smart materials,” one of Evonik’s four strategic growth engines with above-average market growth and margin potential, according to the company
The global market for fumed silica shows growth rates exceeding four percent, which outpaces the global economy as a whole, according to Evonik. The market for applications in specialty silicones, adhesives for wind turbines and in the area of non-flammable high-performance insulation is reportedly posting above-average development.
"By expanding our capacities in Antwerp, we want to support the market growth for fumed silica in Europe and other important export markets, while at the same time boosting our integrated European silica-silane production," says Johannes Ohmer, member of the board of management of Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH.
With the new Aerosil expansion, Evonik says it will be able to supply customers not only with hydrophilic but also hydrophobic silica from Antwerp. A modernization of the silane capacity is intended to secure the raw material supply for the Aerosil production and for silanes used in tire production. Aerosil is generated as fumed silica from the high temperature hydrolysis of silanes in a hydrogen flame.
In addition to the fumed silica Aerosil and the precipitated silica Ultrasil and Sipernat, Evonik produces matting agents made from silica under the brand name Acematt. Overall, Evonik's global annual production capacity for precipitated and fumed silica as well as matting agents reaches 600,000 metric tons, according to the company.
For more information, visit: www.evonik.com | Yes |
Some courses may not be offered each semester. Some courses run only once per academic year, or every other academic year. Search Pace's Courses Guide for complete listing of all courses offered.
CHE 110 The Chemical World (3 credits)
An introductory course for the non-science major providing a basic understanding of chemistry and its impact on human life. Topics covered include: the fundamentals of chemistry, and a selection from among the chemistry of foods, drugs, health and disease, air and water pollution radiation, nuclear power, and other applied areas of chemistry.
CHE 225 Introduction to Industrial Chemistry (3 credits)
Students will be able to describe basic industries comprising the chemical industry in terms of raw materials used, reactions involved, processes employed, products manufactured and markets served. Students will develop a basic understanding of large-scale chemical manufacturing, including scale-up and equipment, cost calculations, environmental impact and constraints, and career opportunities.
CHE 296 Topics in Chemistry (3 credits)
This course will treat one or more topics such as advanced analytical techniques, pharmacological chemistry, environmental chemistry, and immunochemistry which are not part of the standard course offerings of the department.
CHE 480 Research Chemistry (3 credits)
Conference, library and laboratory research. Students will pursue, by selection and individual invitation of the departmental faculty, research projects under faculty supervision in the areas of inorganic, organic, biochemical, physical and analytical chemistry. Each student will submit a report of his or her research at the close of the semester and give an oral presentation. | Yes |
Californium - 98Cf: uses
The following uses for californium are gathered from a number of sources as well as from anecdotal comments. I would be delighted to receive corrections as well as additional referenced uses.
Californium is radioactive and only available in very small amounts so its uses are somewhat specialist. Foils made from 252Cf are used as a source of fission fragments for research purposes. Californium is a good source of neutrons. It can be used as a portable neutron source for the detection of gold or silver by on-the-spot activation analysis. It is used in moisture gauges for the determination of water and oil-bearing layers in oil wells. | Yes |
The Importance of @gt’s Hot Work Gas Tester Program.
Hot work, involving operations with open flames, sparks, or heat-producing equipment, poses significant hazards in various industries. The intersection of intense heat and the presence of flammable gases can create a volatile environment, leading to potential gas explosions. Understanding the dangers associated with hot work and gas explosions is crucial for ensuring the safety of workers and the integrity of the workplace.
The risk of gas explosions during hot work arises from the potential ignition of flammable gases or vapours, often present in industrial settings. This ignition can result from open flames, welding arcs, cutting sparks, or other heat sources, setting off a chain reaction with devastating consequences. In this context, gas explosions not only endanger the lives of personnel but also have the potential to cause extensive damage to equipment, structures, and the environment.
Arobase’s Hot Work Authorised Gas Tester training investigates the inherent dangers of hot work and the specific risks associated with gas explosions. By recognising and addressing these dangers, Authorised Gas Testers can implement proactive safety measures, stringent protocols, to mitigate the potential catastrophic outcomes of hot work activities.
Arobase Gas Testing’s training programs are meticulously crafted to fulfil the initial training and validation requisites for individuals preparring to work as Authorised Gas Testers in various work environments and industries.
Arobase Consultant Collaboration:
Partnering with clients, @gt consultants customises training programs to cater to specific needs across diverse sectors, including exploration and production in oil and gas, petrochemicals, shipping, pharmaceuticals, steel production, tank cleaning, and vessel inspection. Our course are currently in use in many companies globally and especially within Norwegian onshore and offshore Oil & Gas.
Authorised Gas Tester Responsibilities:
The program is essential for those involved in testing for flammable & toxic gases in preparation for hot work and those responsible for safety watch duties during hot work operations.
No specific prerequisites are required for delegates to attend this course, although previous experience in the use of gas detection equipment and hot work are preferred.
Physical & Stressful Demands:
Participants must be medically fit to fully engage in gas testing training without adverse effects on their health. The responsibility for completing the course without compromising health lies with the delegate and/or the sponsoring company.
Delegates will undergo explanations and demonstrations during the training to identify their expected knowledge and skills.
Modules Summary and Training Outcomes:
Module 1 – Authorised Gas Tester Key Skills
- Introduction to Gas Testing
- Statutory & Operational Requirements
- Personal & Respiratory Protective Equipment
- Oxygen Depletion, Enrichment & Measurement
- Detecting & Measuring Flammable Gases
- Detecting & Measuring Toxic Gases
- Physical Properties of Gases Affecting Their Movement
- Portable Gas Detection Equipment
Module 2 –Hot Work Gas Testing
- Introduction to Hot Work
- Basic Principles for Hot Work Gas Testing
- Preparring to Test
- Testing Procedures
- Ongoing Monitoring
- Reporting Results
- Examples of Good & Bad
Upon successful completion, delegates will demonstrate a clear understanding of the theory and practical aspects of hot work gas testing.
Performance validation includes Multiple-Choice Questionnaires and observation/questioning during practical exercises. Successful delegates proceed to site-specific assessment under the direct supervision of a competent assessor.
If you would like to know more about this or any other of our courses please feel free to contact us. | Yes |
B&B Industrial Supply offers a wide variety of engineered valve products that are designed to solve your most challenging applications. Mines and mineral processing plants around the world use our products, such as resistant knife gate and slurry valves, lined diaphragm valves, and ball valves to handle critical and corrosive chemical applications.
The mining industry requires solutions that help make the mining and refining processes safer and more efficient. These solutions help improve the safety environment and increase customers’ bottom line. B&B Industrial Supply understands these challenges and offers an extensive range of products and solutions from leading brands. | Yes |
Colorplus brings modern innovation to pre-painted steel roofing – not to mention a range of colors that are as visually appealing as they are durable. COLORPLUS® is produced by a unique, efficient process whereby rolled steel is continuously hot dipped into 55% Aluminium, 43.5% Zinc and 1.5% Silicon Alloy.
This patented coating protects the steel in two ways:
1. The Aluminium component of the coating provides a tough physical barrier between the external atmospheric conditions and the inner core of steel.
2. The Zinc in the coating protects the steel at cut edges.
Virtual Roof Visualizer
Don’t just imagine it. See it.TRY IT OUT | Yes |
CBD is showing real promise as a compound that can contribute to protecting the brain, thanks to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. Scientists are investigating its role in neurogenesis and its ability to help the brain heal from injury, and as a treatment for neurodegenerative disease. Research suggests that CBD may help to reduce brain damage from stroke or other neurological injury. And CBD is increasingly looked to as a possible therapy for several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and multiple sclerosis.
Medical reviews published in 2017 and 2018 incorporating numerous clinical trials concluded that cannabidiol is an effective treatment for certain types of childhood epilepsy. An orally administered cannabidiol solution (brand name Epidiolex) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in June 2018 as a treatment for two rare forms of childhood epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome.
Here’s what we do know: The cannabis plant contains a wide variety of chemical compounds, many of which fall under the broad category of cannabinoids. There are more than 100 — exactly how many, we’re not sure. The best-known and certainly most profitable are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Both of these compounds stimulate the same receptor in the brain, called CB1, but have differing effects on the brain. Researchers aren’t totally sure why.
Kent, My mother has suffered from severe migraines since she was a child. Six weeks ago, she received the hemp oil tincture (I do not know what dosage). She does not take it daily. She rubs a drop or two on her temples at the start of a migraine. The drops worked more effectively for her than her medication did, and now that is all she uses. Hope this helps.
Some scientists believe that hemp oil containing all the cannabinoids and other compounds extracted from the plant is more therapeutically beneficial than isolated cannabinoids. The “entourage effect,” introduced in 1998 by renowned cannabinoid researchers Raphael Mechoulam and Shimon Ben-Shabat, maintains that isolated or synthetic cannabinoids aren’t as effective for eliciting curative effects as when all of the plant’s natural constituents work together synergistically.
The benefits and risks of some supplements on the market are undetermined by federal agencies. These supplements will undergo further study before any definitive claims may be made about their value to the human body. Our hemp extracts fall under this category of supplements. Consumers must be aware that just because a dietary supplement is on the market does not mean it is federally tested and approved. Many dietary supplements, like CBD oil, may be marketed before the FDA has rated their efficacy.
Jump up ^ Devinsky, Orrin; Cilio, Maria Roberta; Cross, Helen; Fernandez-Ruiz, Javier; French, Jacqueline; Hill, Charlotte; Katz, Russell; Di Marzo, Vincenzo; Jutras-Aswad, Didier; Notcutt, William George; Martinez-Orgado, Jose; Robson, Philip J.; Rohrback, Brian G.; Thiele, Elizabeth; Whalley, Benjamin; Friedman, Daniel (22 May 2014). "Cannabidiol: Pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders". Epilepsia. 55 (6): 791–802. doi:10.1111/epi.12631. PMC 4707667. PMID 24854329.
In an effort to educate the public about industrial hemp-derived CBD, CannaVest, one of the leading suppliers of CBD oil from seed to finished products, has committed to answering your questions about CBD oil. CannaVest and their portfolio companies specialize in providing the health and wellness benefits of products from industrial hemp plant. Their CBD Simple product contains greater than 99% CBD with less than one percent THC and is derived from all-natural hemp-based starting material. Each batch of CBD Simple is tested in-house as well as by third-party labs to conform to purity specifications, ensuring the product is free of pesticides, pathogens, heavy materials, and residual solvent contamination.
Decades of research indicate that cannabinoids like CBD interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, a complex system that contributes to a variety of biological processes like inflammation responses, relaxation, sleeping, and appetite. By linking with the two main types of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, which are found on cells throughout the body, CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system, helping it in the regulation of homeostasis — the body’s natural state of balance.
Tammy et al, Through trial and error you will find a correct dosage. Try 50 mg daily....25 each 2x daily....if no results up the dosage until it works for you. Remember, there has never been a death from marijuana or CBD use. You might want to try a tincture or rub with CBD and THC. You won't get the psych high from it. Helps my friend with PArkinsons tremors. She takes 50mg of tincture and uses the rub morning and night. It is a miracle for arthritis. Good luck
If the CBD is not water soluble, then does it float to the top or sink to the bottom of a cup of coffee? Is the blender just to scramble the oil into a million little droplets or what? Won’t they all come back together to form larger droplets and eventually bind back into an oil slick if you don’t down the cup fairly quickly? Will it bind with a powdered creamer? How can you get it to dilute in a cup of coffee? Oil and water don’t mix, so whats the deal? Sounds to me like you’re likely to get it all at once be it at the beginning or the end of the cup….
There’s also been a lot of talk lately about “microdosing” CBD. This refers to an incremental process of finding your minimum effective dose. You can do this with any concentration of CBD oil, but lower concentrations will take longer. In a 2017 article in Rolling Stone, Dr. Dustan Sulak outlines his protocol for microdosing. You can begin this process by asking yourself three questions:
In the USA the legal definition of “industrial hemp,” per Section 7606 of the Agricultural Appropriations Act of 2014, is “INDUSTRIAL HEMP — The term ‘‘industrial hemp’’ means the plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of such plant, whether growing or not, with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis.”
Cannabidiol can be taken into the body in multiple different ways, including by inhalation of cannabis smoke or vapor, as an aerosol spray into the cheek, and by mouth. It may be supplied as an oil containing only CBD as the active ingredient (no added THC or terpenes), a full-plant CBD-dominant hemp extract oil, capsules, dried cannabis, or as a prescription liquid solution.
Locsta....I share your pain of degenerative and bulging disk disease, along with fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue and arthritis. Absolutely no energy and chronic pain all day, every day. I'm curious as to what type and brand of the CBD oil you are taking and for how long have you been using it? I've been researching CBD oil for months and am quite confused!
In fact, numerous studies have looked at the relationship between CBD and pain, and the results are promising. Researchers have looked at various kinds of pain – from joint pain to cancer pain. One finding is that CBD increases levels of glutamate and serotonin – both neurotransmitters that play a role in pain regulation. And CBD’s anti-inflammatory properties help by tackling the root cause of much chronic pain. | Yes |
Investigation of the utility of published in vitro intrinsic clearance data for prediction of in vivo clearance
- Nagilla Rakesh, Frank Kelly A, Jolivette Larry J, Ward Keith W
- Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods SCI(E) SCOPUS
- Elsevier in 2005
- Cited Count
This study was conducted to compare and contrast published in vitro intrinsic clearance values reported for compounds from different laboratories and the predictivity of these data to project in vivo clearance.
1.An evaluation of the in vitro metabolism data for predicting the clearance and drug-drug interaction potential of CYP2C9 substrates.(2004) Tommy B Andersson et al. Drug Metabolism and DispositionPharmacy cited 18 times
2.High‐throughput screening for stability and inhibitory activity of compounds toward cytochrome P450‐mediated metabolism(2004) John H. Ansede et al. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
3.Utility of metabolic stability screening: comparison of in vitro and in vivo clearance(2001) Clarke, S. E. et al. XenobioticaGenetics cited 0 times
4.Physiological parameters in laboratory animals and humans. Pharmaceutical Research. Vol. 10. pp. 1093-1095(1990) Davies B. et al.
6.ADME/PK as part of a rational approach to drug discovery(2000) Eddershaw Peter J et al. Drug Discovery TodayPharmacy cited 14 times
8.In vitro metabolism: Subcellular fractions. Handbook of drug metabolism. pp. 363-401(1999) Ekins S. et al.
9.Clinical biomarkers in drug discovery and development(2003) Richard Frank et al. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
10.Propranolol disposition in the rat: variation in hepatic extraction with unbound drug fraction.(1992) L Gariépy et al. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES | Yes |
Showing 13–24 of 29 results
- $55.00 – $213.00
Sikkens Cetol SRD
Sikkens ProLuxe Cetol SRD is a translucent exterior stain specially formulated to provide a water repellent finish for many demanding areas of the home. Cetol SRD is an easy to use effective coating for all outdoor wooden surfaces. It uses finely ground iron oxide pigments creating a rich, natural color and offers a unique protective layer against, rain, snow and UV rays.
Waterlox VOC Compliant Satin Finish
Waterlox Original VOC Compliant Satin Finish is a premium tung oil-based wood finish in a Low VOC Formulation that goes on easily with a brush, lambswool applicator, or spray. Waterlox resists alcohol, hot liquids and similar problems while sealing the wood and hardening and enhancing the wood’s natural appearance.
- Sale!$69.00 – $317.00
Sikkens Cetol 23
Sikkens ProLuxe Cetol 23 offers a greater degree of protection from the harmful effects of ultraviolet light in areas of high elevation or intense sunlight. The secret is an unprecedented use of two UV-absorbing materials, widely dispersed and permanently fixed into the surface film. Cetol 23 Plus firmly retains its elasticity making it the ideal translucent topcoat for exterior siding applications.
Waterlox Urethane Gloss XL 88
Due to supply chain disruption of certain raw materials, Waterlox Urethane currently is unavailable.
Waterlox URETHANE formula is crystal clear and provides a rock-hard finish. Because there is no ambering with this product, the natural color of your wood floors, paneling, trim, cabinets, doors, bar tops and furniture shines through.
Sikkens Cetol 1
Sikkens ProLuxe Cetol 1 is a translucent exterior wood finish that separates wood from the elements with a durable surface barrier, which repels water, while allowing excess moisture to escape. It penetrates deep into the wood sealing and protecting it. Cetol 1 remains firmly attached to the wood and provides a perfect surface to accept the next layer of protection, Cetol 23 RE
- $69.50 – $340.00
Structures Nature Color Basecoat
Structures NatureColor Base coat is a proven translucent wood protection finish for use on exterior vertical surfaces as the first and second coat of a recommended three-coat system. Structures NatureColor Base Coat can also be used alone as a one or two-coat application on weather-exposed, horizontal wood surfaces such as decks, fencing, and garage doors.
- $89.00 – $435.00
Structures NatureOne Renew Finish
Structures NatureOne Renew, a superior eco-friendly colorless exterior finish designed as a maintenance coat for wood homes coated with NatureColor or NatureOne protection systems. This colorless exterior maintenance coat will not darken or change the appearance of the existing wood surface. The Structures NatureOne Renew formulation combines nano-UV technology and acrylic resin technology to refresh and maintain the existing coating system in place. | Yes |
The three Carbons are connected to each other and the hydrogens are connected to the carbons. Since carbon makes 4 bonds, it makes a double bond with one of the carbon.
Work Step by Step
The carbons always make four bonds and hydrogens make a single bond. First connect all the carbons with each other with single bonds and hydrogens with the carbons with single bond. Then count if the carbons have four bonds and make a double bond between two carbons to make a double bond. | Yes |
Carbon is a versatile element that has allotropes with both sp2 (graphene) and sp3 (diamond) bonding. However, none of the allotropes can be used as light-absorber materials in solar cells due to either too large or too small band gap. Here, we propose a novel concept that enables a tunable band gap of carbon phases with sp2 carbon atoms within a sp3 carbon structure. The tunability is due to the quantum confinement effect. By embedding the sp2 atoms within the sp3 structure, we can design new carbon allotropes with ideal optical properties for optoelectronic applications. Five carbon allotropes incorporated this structural feature were identified by combining this new concept with our freshly developed multi-objective inverse band structure design approach. They all have proper band gaps for optical absorption, and the simulated photovoltaic efficiency of C10-C is even higher than conventional absorber materials such as GaAs, which indicates that C10-C with mixed sp2sp3 hybridization may have potential application as light-absorber material in electronic and optoelectronic devices. | Yes |
Mixing two or more chemicals to combat turf pests and disease and to promote turf health is a common practice. But it’s not as easy as just dumping chemicals together and hoping for the best. There are several key considerations before mixing chemicals:
- Carefully follow the safety precautions on the most stringent product label you are mixing.
- Be sure that the timing of the materials’ residual performance is adequate and will provide adequate control for your turf problems.
- Determine the compatibility of the chemicals you want to mix. According to Tom Kroll with NuFarm, today’s formulations are mostly compatible with other chemicals. But, when in doubt, conduct a jar test.
- Be sure you calibrate your chemical application system so that you apply the proper amount per square foot or per acre.
Mixing it up: Jar tests save you time and money
Liquid formulations offer more versatility when combining products. While not everything is compatible, you are not limited pre-packaged mixes. Again, to determine compatibility, always refer to the label. It will specify if you can mix the product with other chemicals. Also keep in mind that even when you are mixing chemicals, you must adhere to the labeled pesticide rate.
If the labels on your products give you the go-ahead for mixing, they may not always provide instructions for doing so. If not, the first thing you should do to determine compatibility is perform a jar test. Doing so will reveal most incompatibilities. Remember as you begin to mix chemicals for this test that they must be mixed in a specific order. Not following the order can result in incompatibility among chemicals and an increased risk to the person mixing the chemicals.
Start with a clear 1-quart glass or plastic jar. Add 1 pint of water (from the same water source you’ll be using for the tank mix). Next, add in chemicals in the proper order by using the WALE method:
- First add Wettable powders and Water-dispersible granules,
- then Agitate the mix,
- add Liquids, surfactants and flowables,
- then add Emulsifiable concentrates.
Allow the solution to mix thoroughly after you add each product. After you have added all the products, shake the jar to mix, and let it stand 30 minutes to one hour. Look for separation or settling. Incompatibility might also result in the formation of some solid material in the mix or surface scum – things that would hinder your ability to spray the product onto turf.
As a lawn care provider, you can choose from a variety of combination products that come already mixed. These products combine fertilizer with other chemistries including herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. Most of these products that come pre-mixed are going to be granular formulations because manufacturers usually don’t offer pre-mixed liquid combination products.
Particularly with granular formulations, problems can occur with the SGN: Size Guide Number – the smaller the number, the better coverage you get. For example, you mixed some granular fertilizer with granular herbicide. It would be easy enough to just empty both bags into the hopper, but because they may be different size and weight, they would spread differently and, most likely, unevenly. In the end, your client would probably end up with striped turf. | Yes |
Specific binding of [(11)C]raclopride and N-[(3)H]propyl-norapomorphine to dopamine receptors in living mouse striatum: occupancy by endogenous dopamine and guanosine triphosphate-free G protein
Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
According to the ternary complex model of G-protein linkage to receptors, agonists increase the affinity of the receptors for the G protein. The model predicts that an endogenous agonist's constant of inhibition toward an agonist radioligand is lower than that toward an antagonistic radioligand. The authors hypothesized that competition from endogenous dopamine in striatum of living mice should have a greater effect on the binding of the D2,3 partial agonist N-[3H]propylnorapomorphine than on the binding of the D2,3 antagonist [(11)C]raclopride. The baseline binding potential (pB(0)), defined as the ratio of bound-to-unbound ligand in the absence of competition from endogenous dopamine, was simultaneously measured in mouse striatum for [(11)C]raclopride (pB(0) = 8.5) and N-[(3)H]propylnorapomorphine (p'B(0) = 5.3). The baseline was established by treatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and reserpine. Relative to these baseline values in saline-treated mice, the pB of N-[(3)H]propylnorapomorphine decreased 52% whereas the pB of [(11)C]raclopride decreased only 30%, indicating greater sensitivity of the former compound to inhibition by synaptic dopamine. Furthermore, amphetamine decreased the pB of N-[(3)H]propylnorapomorphine to a greater extent (73%) than that of [(11)C]raclopride (43%) relative to the reserpine condition. For both radioligands, the occupancy of the dopamine receptors by endogenous agonist obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics over a wide range of agonist concentrations established by the pharmacologic treatments. The apparent inhibition constant of endogenous dopamine depended on the dopamine occupancy and decreased to a value 1.66 times greater for N-[(3)H]propylnorapomorphine than for [(11)C]raclopride at its highest occupancies. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that agonist binding is more sensitive than antagonist binding to competition from endogenous dopamine. Therefore, dopamine agonist ligands may be superior to benzamide antagonist ligands for the estimation of dopamine receptor occupancy by endogenous synaptic dopamine. The analysis of the effect of dopamine occupancy on the inhibition of N-[(3)H]propylnorapomorphine binding indicated a limited supply of G protein with a maximum ternary complex fraction of 40% of maximum agonist binding capacity.
|Journal||Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism|
|Number of pages||8|
|Publication status||Published - 2002| | Yes |
Interviews with our current Guardian Soulmates subscribers
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The use of antibiotics has unleashed high bacterial resistance. This outcome triggered the urgent need for effective new antibacterial agents to treat infectious diseases. A promising source for the production of antibiotics and several other bioactive substances are endophytic fungi. These microorganisms inhabit in and bring benefits to living plant tissues. Thus, the aim of this paper was to know the endophytic fungi associated with Oryctanthus alveolatus (mistletoe) and assess their potential to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. A total of 86 endophytic fungi were isolated from the stems and leaves of O. alveolatus. Of these fungi, 29 were selected for the assessment of antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained extracts was evaluated using the agar diffusion method towards two Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). The extracts were tested at concentrations of 200, 500, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 µg.mL-1. The antimicrobial test showed that two (COA 009 and 014) of the 29 extracts inhibited bacterial growth of at least one of the strains each, from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The extracts with the inhibitory activity were derived from the fungi Curvularia sp. (COA 009) and Diaporthe sp. (COA 014).
Keywords: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, microorganisms, Loranthaceae. | Yes |
The effect of surface condition on the out-diffusion of atoms through a thin film to the free surface has been analyzed by considering the coupling between grain boundary diffusion and surface diffusion. It is demonstrated that under certain circumstances, the surface diffusion rate can have a large effect on the measured rate of diffusion through the thin film. In the analysis for the cases involving out-diffusion, the surface is treated as a sink of finite capacity and the saturation level of material accumulation at the surface is discussed in terms of a surface-segregation ratio. This analysis can qualitatively explain some of the recent experimental observations on the effect of the annealing ambient on out-diffusion. The opposite but similar problem of the effect of the source surface condition on the rate of in-diffusion from the surface has also been discussed. | Yes |
A Water Purifier for everyone – easy installation, easy cartridge exchange
Ordinary tap water can be tainted with undesirable contaminants. Not just chlorine and lead, but also harmful bacteria, disease-causing viruses, unwanted pesticides, and other unpleasant surprises like nitrates, chlorine, arsenic, and even traces of pharmaceuticals. Protect your family from the potential health issues caused by this digital dual stage water filter. It’s an effective way to enjoy clean, fresh water every day.
“No tools, no problem. Installation in 3 minutes. Cartridge change in 6 seconds” is the main features of this Digital Dual Stage Water Purifier. With our specially-designed appearance, this water purifier is lightweight and can easily fit into different water faucet, making it very easy to install. This system is recommended for households of 2-3 people. It is a great choice for tenants and small family. Its streamline design and the combination of ivory white and blue-grey color can blend into any style of home décor. By using high-quality PP melt blown filter, activated carbon fiber, and hollow fiber ultra-filtration membrane, this water purifier is a powerful absorbent. It can remove chlorine, pesticide, and other chemical matters. At the same time, it prevents bacteria growth and filters out the harmful virus in the water. Digital Dual Stage Water Purifier comes with smart LED indicator that reminds users to change their cartridge to ensure the quality of your water. To be more power-saving, the power of this LED indicator comes from battery. It will also auto shutdown to decrease power consumption.
Filter our harmful contaminants, leave healthy mineral in the water First stage filter: High-quality PP melt blown filter This added layer of protection helps keep out rust, sand, sediment, dirt, grit, and other foreign particles that don’t belong in your water. Plus, it prolongs the life of your Digital Dual Stage Water Purifier Second stage filter: Integrated double effect cartridge Activated Carbon Fiber: It is a powerful absorbent that can absorb chlorine, insecticide, odor and other chemical organic material.Hollow Fiber Ultra-Filtration Membrane: Its pore size of 0.02-0.1micron that can filter out 99.9% of the harmful bacteria . For more information, please visit our website: https://www.eagopure.com/ | Yes |
In industry, due to the existing risks, particularly high demands are placed on fire protection and the associated equipment. The foam agents used here meet these stringent requirements and offer excellent safety reserves.
vaPUREx® AR 3/3 F-5 #8343 is a highly effective, universal firefighting foam agent for use in critical risk areas where chemicals, polar, or non-polar hydrocarbons are produced, processed, decanted, transported or stored.
vaPUREx® AR 3/3 is a fluorine-free alcohol resistant class B fire extinguishing foam agent for low-, medium- and high-expansion foam applications. Its special combination of polymers supports the formation of a resilient foam lamella. The generated foam displays an exceptional burnback resistance.
Fluorine-free class B fire extinguishing foam agent for low-expansion foam applications at refineries on large non-polar class B fires such as e.g. crude oil, Diesel. It can also be used for ethanol and methanol fires. | Yes |
In clause are given the short review on material structure persistent sulfide gold containing ores of deposits Kokpatas and Daugiztau. Also in clause the results of laboratory researches executed in SE "IMR" on study of mineral structure and enrichment of tests of ores of deposits Kokpatas and Daugiztau, and also pyro- and hydrometallurgical processing of the received concentrates are resulted. At flotation enrichment of ores an opportunity of application local reagents is considered. At cyaniding, the rest of alkaline processing the burned material of a mixed concentrates of the deposits, received from ores, Kokpatas and Daugiztau the extraction of gold on pitch is 76,5-78,1% and the rest of acid processing the burned material of a mixed concentrates - 78,4%. At more thin crushing of a mix concentrates the extraction of gold on the activated coal raises up to 87,56%. Thus, at processing a mix of the investigated ores under the above-stated circuit the through extraction of the first metal will be equal to 74-75 %.
1. Kim M.A. Fine gold in gold pyrite and arsenopyrite deposits Daugyztau and Kokpatas (Western Uzbekistan). Tashkent, Geology and Mineral Resources, No. 6, 2005, pp.26-29. 2. Akhmedov Kh., Popov E.L. Study of the material composition and development of technology for processing refractory gold-containing concentrates from deposits of Central Asia. Geology and mineral resources, No. 5, 2017, pp.103-106.
Sanakulov, K.S.; Ahmedov, H.; and Nurmukhamedov, I.S.
"DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING OF SULFIDE ORE DEPOSITS OF KOKPATAS AND DAUGYZTAU.,"
Gorniy vestnik Uzbekistana: Vol. 2019
, Article 4.
Available at: https://uzjournals.edu.uz/gorvest/vol2019/iss3/4 | Yes |
Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid in birds and needs to be present in diets because is indispensable for animal maintenance, growth and development. The synthetic form of Met it is typically supplemented to fortify poultry and swine diets.
Teera Tiyasatkulkovit, Technical Services Manager, Novus Southeast Asia and Pacific shares in his technical article published on Asian Poultry September issue 2021 that feed supplementation with Essential Oil containing a combination of thymol and carvacrol enhanced digestive enzyme activities, and improved immune response of broilers.
An exogenous protease enzyme helps get animals off to the right start by improving the digestion of proteins and amino acids, helping make valuable nutrients more available for growth and performance, while minimizing the negative effects of undigested protein in the hind gut explains Annafe Perino, Product Manager, Novus Southeast Asia and Pacific.
With the surge in the prices of corn and soybean in the past few months, what can animal producers do to efficiently utilize the nutrients from available raw materials?
Get some answers from the article - Managing High Ingredient Costs to Make More Cents - by Annafe Perino, Product Manager, Novus Southeast Asia and Pacific, published on eFeedlink.
Ermin Magtagnob, Technical Services Manager at Novus International Southeast Asia and Pacific, discusses how the current corn-soybean prices and ratio is affecting animal producers in Southeast Asia Pacific and the role of a protease enzyme to support the use of alternative raw material
Optimal trace mineral nutrition, such as zinc, is essential for the ideal performance of the progeny of broiler breeders. Matthew Bekker reports on a study that evaluated the effect of different zinc trace mineral supplementation sources in the diet of broiler breeders on the epigenetics-related markers of their offspring. | Yes |
You know to absolutely avoid alcohol and smoke during your pregnancy—but whether or not you need to avoid certain personal care products isn’t quite as clear. But the ingredients in many common lotions, soaps, and cosmetics may be unsafe for moms-to-be—and some of them could be sitting in your medicine cabinet right now.
Here’s how to have safer skin care during your pregnancy.
Most of us assume that if a personal care product is easy to buy at stores, it must be safe, says Jessica Krant, MD, MPH, a Manhattan-based dermatologist. While most products do contain some synthetic chemicals, most experts agree that the small doses we’re exposed to don’t pose a risk. But babies are extra tiny—and their still-developing bodies can make them extra vulnerable to plenty of things that normally are considered okay, like coffee, sushi, and some personal care ingredients.
But you can also start reading product labels on your own to look out for red-flag ingredients, like these.
- What it is: An antibacterial agent and preservative that you’ll find in personal care products like deodorant, toothpastes and body soaps.
- How it harms: The FDA maintains that triclosan is safe, but some research suggests otherwise: Animal studies link the chemical to learning disabilities and infertility; a 2010 study from the University of Florida found that exposure to triclosan can affect the placenta ability to supply estrogen (the key hormone for fetal development and childbirth) to the fetus.
- How to avoid it: Check labels for triclosan and other names that the chemical sometimes goes by, including Irgasan DP-300, Lexol 300, Ster-Zac, Cloxifenolum or Triclocarban. Instead, opt for certified organic options, which by law cannot contain synthetic chemicals and are made with gentler ingredients like oils and fruit extracts.
- What it is: A chemical used in many sunscreens, lotions, concealers, and lip balms.
- How it harms: Oxybenzone is absorbed by your skin, and it could interfere with hormones in the body. It’s also been linked to low birth weight.
- How to avoid it: Look for alternatives that contain zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, two common skin product ingredients that are considered safe during pregnancy and aren’t absorbed by the skin. Concealers from Rejuva Minerals are a good choice.
- What it is: The active ingredient in many skincare products that helps prevent pimples and blemishes.
- How it harms: High doses of salicylic acid in oral form have been shown to cause birth defects and pregnancy complications. Most doctors say pregnant women should avoid it.
- How to avoid it: Steer clear of facial soaps, creams, and peels that list salicylic acid on the label (or it’s other names: beta hydroxy acid or BHA). A cleanser that contains ingredients like lactic acid or lemon peel oil clean and exfoliate your pregnancy acne-prone skin in a healthier way. We love Belli Pregnancy Anti-Blemish Facial Wash.
- What it is: The milder form of tretinoin, prescription-strength vitamin A used to treat fine lines and wrinkles. It’s common in skincare and makeup products that tout themselves as anti-aging.
- How it harms: Vitamin A can cause birth defects in high doses—so since you’re prenatal multivitamin already contains vitamin A, using creams with retinol is a big no-no during pregnancy and breastfeeding. (Pregnant women ages 19 and older should be taking the recommended 770 micrograms of vitamin A daily.)
- How to avoid it: Steer clear of products containing the ingredients adapalene, tretinoin, retinoic acid, retinol, retinyl linoleate, retinyl palmitate, and tazarotene—all forms of retinol.
Krant suggests discussing your skin care regimen with both your obstetrician and dermatologist, who can help you figure out which products you might need to avoid (and if there are any replacements). | Yes |
Giant Chemical Surface Enhancement of Coherent Raman Scattering on MoS2
Additional Document Info
Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for molecular chemical analysis and bioimaging, which shows an astonishing sensitivity when combined with a huge enhancement by the coherence and surface effects. Noble metal nanoparticles have been commonly used for the spontaneous surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and for the surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SECARS) spectroscopies, as they provide large enhancement factors via the electromagnetic and chemical mechanisms. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), were used for potential SERS applications as cheaper substrates compared to noble metal nanoparticles. However, the coherent enhancement of SECARS on 2D materials has not been previously explored. Here we present the experimental SECARS measurements of pyridine-ethanol solutions containing 2D MoS 2 nanocrystals with the giant chemical enhancement factor of 10 9 over coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), which is attributed to the charge transfer states and resonant MoS 2 excitation. As a comparison, the SERS signals on MoS 2 using incoherent nonresonant excitation show at least 2 orders of magnitude smaller enhancement. Time-resolved SECARS measurements directly reveal the increased vibrational dephasing rates, which provide strong evidence for the charge transfer in the pyridine-ethanol-MoS 2 system. | Yes |
What is precipitation hardening stainless steel
What is precipitation hardening stainless steel?
Precipitation hardening stainless steel refers to a kind of high-strength stainless steel that adds different types and quantities of strengthening elements on the basis of the chemical composition of stainless steel, and precipitates different types and quantities of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides and intermetallic compounds through the precipitation hardening process, so as to improve the strength of steel and maintain sufficient toughness, PH steel for short.
Classification of precipitation hardening stainless steel
The steel is divided into four categories according to the content of main alloying elements and hardening elements added:
- (1) Martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, carbon content is generally 0.1%. Strengthen by adding hardening elements (copper, aluminum, titanium and aluminum, etc.) to make up for insufficient strength. The content of chromium is generally higher than 17%, and an appropriate amount of nickel is added to improve the corrosion resistance;
- (2) Maraging stainless steel, with carbon content not higher than 0.03% to ensure the toughness, corrosion resistance, weldability and machinability of martensitic matrix, and with chromium content not less than 12% to ensure corrosion resistance. In addition, the alloying element cobalt is added to further improve the heat treatment effect of steel;
- (3) Semi austenitic type, i.e. transitional precipitation hardening stainless steel, with chromium content of no less than 12%. With low carbon content and aluminum as its main precipitation hardening element, this type of steel has better comprehensive properties than martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel;
- (4) Austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel is a stainless steel with stable austenitic structure in both quenched and Aged States. It contains high nickel (more than 25%) and manganese, and chromium is more than 13% to ensure good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. Titanium, aluminum, vanadium or phosphorus are usually added as precipitation hardening elements, and trace boron, vanadium, nitrogen and other elements are added to obtain excellent comprehensive properties.
Precipitation hardening (precipitation strengthening)
It refers to a heat treatment process in which the segregation region of solute atoms in supersaturated solid solution and/or desolved particles are dispersed in the matrix, resulting in hardening. For example, austenitic precipitated stainless steel can obtain high strength by precipitation hardening at 400 ~ 500 ℃ or 700 ~ 800 ℃ after solution treatment or cold working. That is, when the supersaturated solid solution of some alloys is placed at room temperature or heated to a certain temperature, the solute atoms will aggregate or form a second phase in a certain area of the solid solution lattice, resulting in the increase of the hardness of the alloy.
The matrix structure of precipitation hardening stainless steel can be martensite or austenite, depending on the composition and treatment process. Age hardening martensitic stainless steel has both good corrosion resistance and simple heat treatment. The most widely used age hardening martensitic stainless steel is 17-4PH (0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb). Age hardening martensitic stainless steel is sensitive to chloride stress corrosion cracking. Sensitivity depends to some extent on the grade of steel and aging temperature.
17-4PH alloy is a stainless steel with precipitation, quenching and martensite. This grade has the characteristics of high strength, hardness (up to 3000 ℃/5000 ℃) and corrosion resistance. After heat treatment, the mechanical properties of the product are more perfect, and the compressive strength can reach 1100-1300Mpa (160-190 Ksi). This grade can not be used at temperatures higher than 3000 ℃ or very low. It has good corrosion resistance to atmosphere and diluted acid or salt. Its corrosion resistance is the same as that of 304 and 430.
Characteristics of precipitation hardening stainless steel
Precipitation hardening stainless steel is a kind of Fe Cr Ni alloy containing precipitation hardening elements (Cu, Al, Ti, Nb), which can be strengthened by heat treatment. This kind of steel has high strength, sufficient toughness and suitable corrosion resistance. It is mainly used in aerospace industry and some high-tech industries.
Precipitation hardening stainless steel can be divided into Martensitic, SEMI austenitic and austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel. Ferritic precipitation hardening stainless steel has appeared in recent years. In martensitic precipitation stainless steel, based on the experience of maraging steel, maraging stainless steel has appeared in recent years. Compared with the former, the latter has lower carbon content, its strengthening means mainly depends on intermetallic compound precipitation, and the heat treatment is simple.
The characteristics of precipitation hardening stainless steel are as follows:
- ① The heat treatment process of precipitation hardening stainless steel is complex. The ideal performance can be obtained only by strictly implementing the regulations and strictly controlling the parameters such as temperature, time and cooling rate.
- ② Precipitation hardening phase in precipitation hardening stainless steel after aging treatment, the main precipitation hardening phase is face centered cubic structure copper rich phase. The type and existence of aging phase are related to alloy composition and heat treatment conditions.
The microstructure of precipitation hardening stainless steel is characterized by ferrite with austenite and volume fraction of 5% ~ 20% in solution or annealing state. After a series of heat treatment or mechanical deformation treatment, austenite is transformed into martensite, and then the required high strength is achieved by age precipitation hardening. This kind of steel has good formability and weldability. It can be used as ultra-high strength material in nuclear industry, aviation and aerospace industry.
Application and welding of precipitation hardening stainless steel
Precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel is a kind of corrosion-resistant alloy. Some models can be heat treated and can provide 850Mpa-1700Mpa tensile strength and 520mpa-1500mpa yield strength, which is about three to four times that of 304 or 316 austenitic stainless steel.
This precipitation hardening stainless steel can be used in oil and gas, nuclear industry and aerospace industry to meet the requirements of high strength, high corrosion resistance and toughness materials in this industry. Precipitation hardening stainless steel can be achieved by adding copper, molybdenum, aluminum and titanium alone or in combination.
The most common 17/4PH martensitic stainless steel will be transformed into martensite at low temperature (usually about 250 ℃) and further strengthened during aging at 480-620 ℃. Austenitic martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel is basically completely austenitic after solution treatment. It needs a second heating cycle to 750 ℃/2h, and then cooled to room temperature to form martensite. Some of these alloys require cooling for 8 hours (- 50/- 60 ℃) to ensure complete transformation to a stable austenite/martensite structure, although the two most commonly used alloys FV520 and 17/7PH do not require refrigeration to develop optimum performance.
The aging of these alloys occurs at a temperature of 500-600 ° C. The grade of austenitic stainless steel is stable at room temperature, and the increase of strength is due to the precipitates formed by aging at 650-750 ℃. These fully austenitic stainless steels can show good toughness, and some can be used at low temperatures.
In order to obtain the best weldability, it is recommended that all three types of precipitation hardening stainless steel be annealed or solution treated first. Precipitation hardening stainless steel in the form of sheet or strip can be cold worked, but its weldability will be seriously damaged. Like many precipitation hardening alloys, it is a problem to obtain mechanical properties matching with the base metal in welding and heat affected zone. Even if matching welding materials are used, the maximum strength of fully solution treated and age hardened joints in semi austenitic and austenitic alloys may be only about 90% of the base metal.
During aging heat treatment, 17/4PH precipitation hardening stainless steel may sometimes fail along the fusion line due to thermal cracks. In this case, the element should be welded in the over aged state, followed by solution heat treatment, followed by post weld heat treatment.
For example, austenitic filler metals such as 308L or the use of dual phase filler metals such as 2205 for higher weld metal strength can be used to tolerate lower strength joints or cracks due to high constraints. If dual phase filler metal is used or recommended for austenitic weld metal due to embrittlement, PWHT shall not be performed.
Due to the low carbon content, the martensitic phase in precipitation hardening stainless steel will be softer, so preheating is usually not required, although preheating of about 100 ℃ has been found to be used to reduce cracking for thicker (more than 25mm) highly constrained joints. Therefore, the transformation temperature of these stainless steels into martensite is low, and the maximum interlayer temperature of 200 ℃ is recommended.
Maintaining a very high interpass temperature will lead to the transformation of the entire weld to martensite when cooled to room temperature, and the volume change when this occurs may lead to the formation of quenching cracks. It has been found that the stress rise effect of fillet welds and notches partially penetrating butt welds leads to cracking. If the reduction in strength is acceptable, the TP308l root channel can be used to solve this problem. It is also found that HAZ hot cracks will be formed during welding of 17/4PH precipitation hardening stainless steel castings. For cast articles, the copper content is limited to a maximum of 3%.
Postweld heat treatment usually includes a temperature of 750 ℃ and cooling to room temperature to ensure that the metallography of stainless steel is 100% martensite, and then aging at 550 ℃. According to the alloy composition and aging heat treatment temperature, this should reach UTS of 900-1000mpa, yield strength of 800-900mpa and ductility of about 15%.
Semi austenitic stainless steel is usually supplied in solution treated condition. This means that the stainless steel is completely austenitic and usually does not need preheating, although preheating of about 100 ℃ is found to be helpful for the welding of thick and highly limited joints. In fact, all common arc welding processes can be used, but TIG (GTAW) will provide the best performance.
For precipitation hardening stainless steel containing aluminum, such as 17/7PH, MMA and submerged arc welding should be avoided, because the proportion of aluminum loss in the welding process will be relatively high, so it is necessary to apply inert gas protection process. The molten pool has less fluid than non aluminum alloy. The matching composition filler metal for FV520 is easy to obtain, but it is difficult to obtain 17/7PH precipitation hardening stainless steel vulnerable parts. Therefore, the base metal cut from the strip is often used for TIG welding. Alternatively, 17/4PH or FV520 filler can be used. If 17/4PH filler is used, preheating at 100 ° C is recommended. Post weld heat treatment is similar to martensitic stainless steel, but without complete solution heat treatment and matching filler metal, it is impossible to achieve the strength matching with the base metal.
It is recommended that fully austenitic precipitation hardened stainless steel be welded in solution treatment and quenched with water or oil at about 980 ° C. The aging process is very slow, and it takes 15 hours to reach the maximum strength at 720 ° C, which means that HAZ has almost no change with the base metal. Therefore, the best strength can be produced during post weld aging treatment. Like austenitic stainless steel, these steels are insensitive to cold cracking and do not need preheating. However, because they are completely Austenitic, they are very sensitive to hot cracks. This makes the welding of thick wall part a problem, and requires that the welding conditions be strictly controlled, low heat input, and the temperature of small weld bead and intermediate layer be controlled below 150 ℃.
At present, aerospace alloys equivalent to a286 have been produced, such as AMS5858, which has improved weldability. 17/10P grade is particularly sensitive and cannot be welded with matching filler; Although thermal cracks in the heat affected zone may still occur, the 312 (29Cr/9Ni) filler still has the best chance of success.
Since aluminum or titanium is present in many precipitation hardened stainless steels, inert gas shielded arc welding should be used. Some matching component filler metals are available, and in aerospace grades, such as AMS 5804, these can be aged to provide strength close to the parent metal. Alternatively, Austenitic, duplex stainless steel or nickel based weld filler metals may be used.
Heat treatment of precipitation hardening stainless steel
Precipitation hardening stainless steel developed relatively late. It is a kind of stainless steel that has been tested, summarized and innovated in human practice. Among the early stainless steels, ferritic stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel have good corrosion resistance, but their mechanical properties can not be adjusted by heat treatment, which limits their role. Martensitic stainless steel can use heat treatment method to adjust the mechanical properties in a large range, but the corrosion resistance is poor.
It has low C content (generally ≤ 0.09%), high Cr content (generally ≥ 14%), and Mo, Cu and other elements, which makes it have high corrosion resistance, even equivalent to austenitic stainless steel. The precipitation hardening phase precipitated on the martensite matrix can be obtained through solid solution and aging treatment, so it has high strength, and the strength, plasticity and toughness can be adjusted within a certain range according to the adjustment of aging temperature. In addition, the heat treatment method of first solid solution and then precipitation strengthening according to the precipitate phase can be basically formed under the condition of low hardness after solid solution treatment, and then aging strengthening, which reduces the processing cost and is better than martensitic steel.
① Martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel and its heat treatment
Martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel is characterized in that the starting temperature ms of austenite to martensite transformation is above room temperature. After heating and austenitizing and cooling at a faster rate, a plate-like martensite matrix is obtained. After aging, fine particles of Cu precipitate from the lath martensite matrix to strengthen.
The heating temperature is 1020-1060 ℃. After heat preservation, it is water-cooled or oil-cooled. The structure is plate martensite with a hardness of about 320hb. The heating temperature should not be too high. If it is greater than 1100 ℃, the amount of ferrite will increase, the MS point will decrease, the residual austenite will increase, the hardness will decrease, and the heat treatment effect will be poor.
According to different aging temperature, the dispersion and particle size of precipitates are different, but they have different mechanical properties.
② Heat treatment of SEMI austenitic stainless steel
The MS point of this steel is generally slightly lower than the room temperature, so after the solid solution treatment is cooled to the room temperature, the austenitic structure is obtained with very low strength. In order to improve the strength and hardness of the matrix, it needs to be heated to 750-950 ℃ again for heat preservation. At this stage, carbides will precipitate in the austenite, the stability of austenite will be reduced, the MS point will be increased to above the room temperature, and the martensitic structure will be obtained when it is cooled again. Some can also add cold treatment (sub zero treatment), and then aging to make the steel finally obtain the strengthened steel with precipitates on the martensitic matrix.
Solution + adjustment + aging treatment
- The solid solution heating temperature is 1040 ℃, after heating and heat preservation, water cooling or oil cooling to obtain austenite, with a hardness of about 150HB;
- After cooling to about 290 ℃, the hardness of austenite can be reduced to about 90 ℃ and martensite can be obtained after cooling to about 90 ℃;
- After aging at 560 ℃, Al and compounds precipitate, and the steel is strengthened, and the hardness can reach about 340hb.
Solution + adjustment + cold treatment + aging
- Austenite structure was obtained by solution treatment at 1040 ℃ and water cooling;
- Adjust the treatment temperature to 955 ℃, increase the MS point, and obtain lath martensite after cooling;
- Cold treatment – 73 ℃ × 8h, reduce retained austenite in the structure and obtain maximum martensite;
- The aging treatment temperature is 510-560 ℃ to precipitate al. After strengthening treatment, the hardness can reach 336hb.
Solid solution + cold deformation + aging
- The solution treatment temperature was 1040 ℃, and the austenite structure was obtained by water cooling;
- Cold deformation, using the cold working deformation strengthening principle, austenite is transformed into martensite at MD point, and the cold working deformation is greater than 30-50%;
- Aging treatment: heat aging at about 490 ℃ to precipitate and harden al.
It is reported that the hardness of solid solution austenite reaches 430hb after 57% cold rolling deformation, σ B up to 1372 n/mm2, aging at 490 ℃, hardness up to 485HB, σ B up to 1850 n/mm2.
It can be seen that after proper treatment, the mechanical properties of precipitation hardening martensitic stainless steel can fully reach the properties of martensitic stainless steel, while the corrosion resistance is equivalent to that of austenitic stainless steel. It should be pointed out that although martensitic stainless steel and precipitation hardening stainless steel can be strengthened by heat treatment, the strengthening mechanism is different. Due to the characteristics of precipitation hardening stainless steel, it has been paid attention to and widely used.
Source: China Pipe Fittings Manufacturer – Yaang Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.steeljrv.com)
(Yaang Pipe Industry is a leading manufacturer and supplier of nickel alloy and stainless steel products, including Super Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings, Stainless Steel Pipe. Yaang products are widely used in Shipbuilding, Nuclear power, Marine engineering, Petroleum, Chemical, Mining, Sewage treatment, Natural gas and Pressure vessels and other industries.)
If you want to have more information about the article or you want to share your opinion with us, contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org
Please notice that you might be interested in the other technical articles we’ve published: | Yes |
100% Pure & Natural
Aromatherapeutic GC/IR Verified
NOW® Oregano Oil has a strong, spicy, camphorous aroma that can be as uplifting and invigorating as it is cleansing and refreshing. Used for centuries by many civilizations, it’s modern day popularity stems from it’s volitile oil content and strong purifying properties. NOW® Oregano Oil is 100% Pure and Natural and steam distilled from dried flowering tops.
Suggested Use: For aromatherapy use. For all other uses, carefully dilute with a carrier oil such as jojoba, grapeseed, olive, or almond oil prior to use. Please consult an essential oil book or other professional reference source for suggested dilution ratios.
Warnings: Always dilute before any use other than aromatherapy, never use undiluted. Keep out of reach of children. Avoid contact with eyes. If pregnant or lactating, consult a practitioner before use.
Natural essential oils are highly concentrated and should be used with care.
Gas Chromatography/Infra-red Spectroscopy and should be used with care. | Yes |
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Your pH electrodes should never be stored in distilled or tap water, in alcohol or in a product solution. To keep the electrode hydrated, improve the performance and reaction time of the electrode and prolong its life, it should be stored in a special and standardized electrolyte solution. This standardized solution of KCl which is stabilized (and preserved) with AgCl would improve the performance and prolong the shelf-life of your pH-electrodes | Yes |
For use with the Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer
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DNA and RNA Purification and Analysis, DNA Quantitation, Nucleic Acid Quantitation, Protein Quantitation, Proteins, Expression, Isolation and Analysis, RNA Quantitation | Yes |
Multichem Solutions Ltd - About Multichem
Multichem Solutions Ltd is a specialty chemical manufacturer and supplier based in the West Midlands. We manufacture a range of products for industry including cleaning products and solutions for metalworking applications from our site in Dudley. For information on these products please go to our Applications page.
Having accumulated a great deal of expertise and knowledge of industrial cleaning products over many years Multichem Solutions Ltd is now looking to bring our professional cleaning solutions to the household cleaning market with products suitable for the home and garden.
At Multichem Solutions Ltd we have a dedicated team of highly skilled staff who provide a personal service, focussing on customer satisfaction from the first e-mail or phonecall through to aftersales support once your product has been delivered. Our aim is to supply your purchases as quickly and reliably as possible without compromising on quality!
If you are interested in our chemical manufacturing or blending services or any of our chemical products then please don't hesitate to get in touch today, our contact details are found below.
For information on our latest range of Winter Care Essentials please click here to follow the link. | Yes |
Growers working in controlled environments strive to optimize the variables in their control to produce the highest yield and best quality products. These key variables include temperature, humidity, nutrients, light, and CO2. This article examines how switching to LED technology from older lighting technologies such as high-pressure sodium (HPS) could impact CO2 supplementation.
First, some background on the critical role of CO2 in plant development. During the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, the plant enzyme rubisco enables carbon fixation, which ultimately results in CO2 and water being converted into simple sugars (carbohydrates). The chemical reaction involving rubisco is temperature-dependent, so to optimize photosynthesis we need to understand the interplay between light, temperature and CO2 concentration.
Looking at each variable independently in figure 1, we see that increasing light, CO2 and temperature (leaf surface temperature) increases photosynthesis. There are clearly diminishing returns in the photosynthetic rate at very high levels of light and CO2.
Interestingly, increasing temperature beyond an ideal point actually decreases the photosynthetic rate. This is attributable to the temperature dependence of the rubisco reaction – see figure 2. Without supplementing, the concentration of CO2 in ambient air is roughly 300 parts per million (PPM). Under these ambient conditions, the ideal leaf temperature is about 25°C.
If we add CO2 to the environment, we can generate higher rates of photosynthesis at higher leaf surface temperatures – see figure 3.
So the key to CO2 supplementation is to achieve the concentration where you begin to experience minimal additional photosynthetic production by adding more CO2. That ideal concentration will depend on the light intensity and the leaf surface temperature – see figure 4.
The grower will ensure the leaf surface temperature is within
a narrow window to achieve the required vapor pressure deficit (VPD). An
optimized VPD enables maximal transpiration and photosynthesis.
The controlled environment agriculture industry is experiencing a shift in lighting technology. LEDs are rapidly displacing HPS, metal halide and fluorescent technologies. LED lighting has some unique characteristics that must be taken into account when upgrading a grow facility from older lighting technologies. LED lights typically have very little infrared energy in the beam, which reduces the leaf surface temperature. With a lower leaf temperature, the grower may choose to either decrease the relative humidity or increase the heat in the room in order to maintain the necessary VPD. And this decision is likely to influence the ideal set-point for CO2 concentration. For example, if the leaf temperature is lower, the CO2 concentration should be lowered to prevent working in the “dark-limited” phase as shown in figure 4. Conversely, if the grow facility can return the leaf surface temperature to its previous level, then an adjustment is CO2 would not be required.
Although the ideal CO2 concentration is a function of the plant species, light intensity and, leaf surface temperature, figure 5 presents typical CO2 values for the various phases of cannabis development.
Maximizing biomass production in a commercial grow facility
requires a deep understanding of the critical control parameters. While the
benefits of LED grow lights are obvious, growers need to consider how the new
technology impacts the canopy – especially as it relates to CO2 | Yes |
Spend £35 (ex shipping) & Get 2 FREE Samples + FREE Delivery (UK Only) | FREE Organic Facecloth Offer - See Homepage
When considering natural hair care, it's worth thinking about the potentially harmful ingredients used in many hair products. Foods such as fruit and vegetables can contain traces of pesticides. When you eat them, these chemicals can pass through your body as the toxins they contain are detoxified to varying degrees by your body. It is amazing!
However, toxins absorbed by your skin can bypass this detox process and enter your bloodstream directly. When you use a shampoo or conditioner (or any skincare products), blood vessels, sweat glands, and nerve endings can absorb toxins. Also:
Propylparaben, Parahydroxybenzoic acid, Parahydroxybenzoate, Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Butylparaben, Benzyl-parahydroxybenzoic acid, Methyl-parahydroxybenzoic acid, Ethyl-parahydroxybenzoic acid, Propyl-parahydroxybenzoic acid, Butyl-parahydroxybenzoic acid.
When looking for natural hair care products we recommend you also avoid the following ingredients which are often used;
Used in antifreeze, paints, adhesives, enamels and as a solvent in many products. Although it is recommended skin contact is avoided, it is often found in shampoo! Potential toxic effects include kidney and liver damage.
Now you have an understanding of some of the hidden and potentially harmful ingredients often found in hair products. Don't worry, there is another way!
We only use plant based, natural ingredients like coconut, water, aloe vera and essential oils. And our 100% pure, cold pressed hair oils such as Argan, Abyssinian and Jojoba are amazing alternatives for hair conditioning or as a pre-conditioning hair treatment.
As always, our Natural Hair Care range is also vegan, cruelty free, plastic free and orangutan friendly - no palm oil or any palm derivatives. Read more about what ingredients we leave out of our natural haircare. | Yes |
Views: 262 Author: Jasmine Publish Time: 2023-07-12 Origin: Site
Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) has long been employed as a treatment option because to its convenience of usage and cost savings. PAC can be used dry or as a wet slurry (a combination of carbon and water). The primary drawback of powdered activated carbon is that it cannot be revived after usage and can be difficult to dig out of water treatment reservoirs. "However, the low capital cost associated with PAC feed system combined with the ability to apply PAC seasonally or for periodic issues can make it an economic alternative based on an annualized cost."
Dry is normally held in compact 55-pound bags, but wet is delivered and stored in a massive slurry. If maintained in a slurry condition for an extended amount of time, PAC can solidify. To prevent this from happening, periodic mixing is essential. When PAC is expected to be used more frequently, it is stored in a wet slurry, and when it is expected to be used less frequently, it is stored dry. Dry storage is less costly, and dosages are more precise. When transporting dry PAC into silos, the facility must account weight gain owing to adsorption of moisture from the air.
The essential design parameters for a PAC feed system are as follows:
Design flow rate influences dosing needs, storage vessel size and quantity, and feed equipment amount and size.
Influence target and background concentrations The DOC determines the PAC dosage required.
Treatment goals include identifying target pollutants, determining target effluent concentrations, and determining dosage and equipment size.
Coal, coconut shell, and wood are examples of PACs.
Contact time and mixing - quick mix (often referred to as "PAC will remain in suspension through the rapid mixer"), flocculation basins, sedimentation
The influent concentration, residence period, external mass transfer, adsorbate characteristics, and other pollutants other than the target molecule all have an effect on the powdered activated carbon. "Increasing the PAC dose will lower the reactor effluent concentration as more adsorbate can be removed from solution." However, the percentage drop in effluent concentration is not proportionate to an equivalent percentage increase in PAC dosage. For high TOC water (TOC = 10 mg/L), a dosage of 5 mg/L can provide a 40% reduction in influent geosmin concentration, but it requires around 17 mg/L of PAC to accomplish 90% removal. Chlorine, various disinfectants, and unexplained pollutants have been reported to take up adsorption sites, reducing the PAC adsorption capacity for target chemicals. This might result in a high concentration of the target molecules in the effluent. Increasing contact time improves removal efficiency. A minimum of 15 minutes of contact time is advised, but longer may be required and helpful to attain the PAC's entire adsorption capacity. Before installing a new feed system, jar tests are often performed to see how effective the powdered activated carbon will be.
Powdered activated carbon is a proven, cost efficient treatment option. Please speak with us if you should have any questions. Thank you. | Yes |
NUCLEATE POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER ON A TITANIA NANOTUBE-COATED SURFACE
Enhancing nucleate boiling using surface modification techniques has become to a major topic of interest in pool boiling studies. In this paper, experiments are conducted on a vertically oriented copper surface and a titanium surface coated with TiO2 nanotubes. The nanotube coating is fabricated by a specific anodization process using ethylene glycol as the anodizing solution. A highly wetting dielectric coolant, Novec 7100, is used as the working fluid. A copper block heated by ceramic heater is used to simulate the high power density electronic. The nanotube coated surface shows a significant CHF (critical heat flux) enhancement up to 54%
when compared to the plain copper. Various empirical correlations are applied to predict the experimental data. Among all the empirical correlations, the Rosehnow correlation and the Kutateladge correlation give good agreement with the measured data from the plain copper surface. | Yes |
astm a240 type 410s
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Gangsteel produces ASTM A240 TP410S, ASME SA240 TP410S 410S, S41000 Stainless steel plate. The thickness from 3mm to 200mm. Width max 3000mm.
If you have A240 Type tp410s or SA240 Grade TP410 requirement, we can produce them in 7days. Besides that, our factory can cut them according to drawing, machined them with bevels
However, tempering and sharpening. They are usually used for purposes involving mild corrosion, heat resistance, and high energy. Alloy 410 is a 12% chromium martensitic stainless-steel plate that can be warmth treated to obtain a wide range of mechanical properties. The alloy has good corrosion resistance, along with excessive strength and hardness. In the annealed situation, 410 chrome steel plate is ductile and may be formed.
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It could also be used in welding, with some issue, and it should be annealed after welding at about 1450° F to enhance its ductility and corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels tend to have a high chromium content compared to other metal alloys, giving them the next resistance to corrosion. Another general characteristic of austenitic stainless steel alloys is that they are usually non-magnetic—though they might become magnetic after chilly working. Grade 410 stainless steel sheets are proof against hot gases, steam, food, mild acids and alkalies, contemporary water, and dry air. These steels acquire most corrosion and heat resistance through hardening.
Even amongst metal alloys, grade 304 stainless-steel is noteworthy for its high tensile energy—roughly 621 MPa. Like most stainless steel, grade 304 has an excessive maximum working temperature (about 870˚C). This combination of high tensile strength, temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance makes grade 304 stainless-steel best for all functions. For most corrosion resistance to chemical environments, the 410S surface must be freed from all warmth tint or oxide shaped throughout annealing or scorching working.
However, grade 410 sheets of steel are much less corrosion resistant than austenitic grades and grade 430 ferritic alloys containing 17% chromium. The minimal 10.5% chromium in stainless steels supplies resistance to roughly 700 °C (1,300 °F), while sixteen% chromium supplies resistance up to approximately 1,200 °C (2,200 °F). Type 304, the most typical grade of chrome steel with 18% chromium, is proof against about 870 °C (1,600 °F). Other gases, corresponding to sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, chlorine, additionally attack chrome steel. Resistance to different gases is dependent on the type of gas, the temperature, and the alloying content material of the stainless steel.
Gangsteel had 300tons stocklist at tp410s. A240 TP410S is martensitic stainless steel. It has good corrosion resistance and machining performance du. It is general-purpose steel and cutting tool steel.
Type 416 Stainless Steel is stainless steel which is martensitic and can be hardened by warmth remedy to higher power Stainless steel and hardness ranges. It has a lot better machining properties than the austenitic grades, however, it decreases corrosion resistance.
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Miracle White Gold 55000mg Glutathione Injection Exc Anti Melanogenic
Rediscover Radiance with Miracle White EXC
Embrace Your Inner Youth
Advanced Formula Technology: "Extracellular Anti-Melanogenic"
Revolutionary Formula Technology: "Extracellular Anti-Melanogenic"
Numerous studies have explored plant-derived Extracellular Anti-melanogenic as a natural alternative to chemical-based agents, without the side effects. Our recent research examined the anti-melanogenesis properties of extracellular vesicles (EVs) extracted from the leaves and stems of S. japonica. Through spectrophotometric and biochemical techniques, we discovered that both leaf-derived extracellular vesicles (LEVs) and stem-derived extracellular vesicles (SEVs) effectively reduced melanin content in a concentration-dependent manner in the B16BL6 mouse melanoma cell line, along with decreased Tyrosinase (TYR) activity.
Extensive analysis and research confirmed that both LEVs and SEVs led to a concentration-dependent reduction of melanin content in melanoma cells. In comparison to arbutin, a commonly used positive control, both LEVs and SEVs exhibited a superior whitening effect on melanoma cells, with LEVs being particularly effective.
Importantly, neither LEVs nor SEVs exhibited significant cytotoxicity. We also investigated the impact of plant-derived extracellular vesicles on the expression of tyrosinase-related proteins (TRPs) in melanoma cells. LEVs effectively inhibited the expression of melanogenesis-related genes and proteins, including microphthalmia-related transcription factor (MITF), TYR, TRP-1, and TRP-2. In a human epidermal model, LEVs demonstrated a more potent inhibitory effect on melanin production compared to arbutin.
In conclusion, our findings indicate that LEVs derived from S. japonica present a promising natural anti-melanogenic agent for use in medicinal formulations, providing a new avenue for enhancing skin radiance and rejuvenation. | Yes |
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Uniform PdCu coated Te nanowires as efficient catalysts for electrooxidation of ethylene glycol
- Jin, Liujun, Xu, Hui, Chen, Chunyan, Song, Tongxin, Wang, Cheng, Wang, Yong, Shang, Hongyuan, Du, Yukou
- Journal of colloid and interface science 2019 v.540 pp. 265-271
- active sites, anodes, catalysts, clean energy, electrochemistry, ethylene glycol, nanoparticles, nanowires, oxidation, palladium
- The renewable alcohol oxidation reaction is critical to conversion and storage of clean energy, but the design and construction of highly efficient catalysts for boosting the electrooxidation reaction, remains a grand challenge. Here, we propose a facile approach for the large-scale generation of uniform PdCuTe nanowires (NWs) by using Te NWs as the template. Impressively, as a robust integrated one-dimensional (1D) anode catalyst, the as-obtained PdCuTe NWs shows high specific/mass activity of 7.9 mA cm−2 and 3872.6 mA mg−1 for the ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation reaction, being 3.4 and 4.2-fold enhancement than commercial Pd/C, respectively. Moreover, the ternary PdCuTe nanowires also display excellent stability with less activity degradation after long-term electrochemical tests. Combining physicochemical characterizations and electrochemical results, we found that the 1D Te NWs template was significant for promoting the electrocatalytic activity of PdCuTe NWs, because such nanowire template was the key, leading to the attachment of active PdCu nanoparticles which successfully exposed abundant active sites and contributed to large promotion of electrocatalytic performances. This work highlights the utilization efficiency improvement via morphology design for the promotion of electrocatalytic performances. | Yes |
Direct methanol fuel cells: The influence of methanol on the reduction of oxygen over Pt/C catalysts with different particle sizes
Two Pt/C catalysts with different particle sizes (Pt/C: 2.5 nm, Pt/C-700Ar: 5.1 nm) were investigated by applying a half-cell configuration - rotating disk electrode (RDE) technique in H2SO4 aqueous solutions in the absence of or in the presence of methanol with different concentrations. Pt/C catalyst exhibited higher mass activity in H2SO4 aqueous solution without methanol and slightly lower mass activity in H 2SO4 plus 0.1 mol/L CH3OH in comparison with that of Pt/C-700Ar catalyst. On the contrary, single direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) tests showed that Pt/C exhibited higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and better cell performance, mainly due to the different kinds of electrolyte properties. Furthermore, it suggested that a better single DMFC performance could be obtained with a smaller particle size Pt-based cathode catalyst. | Yes |
Year 1 Incursion: Street Science
On Tuesday the 18 th of August, Year One students enjoyed a science incursion where they were captivated by the many changes that could be made to everyday objects and materials. These changes were presented in an entertaining way by Raphael of Street Science, who had the children mesmerized as he made clouds, changed the colour of water and even turned water into powder, right before their very eyes. The highlight of the morning was the hands-on workshop where the children made their very own bouncy balls from dried PVA glue and water. Thanks to Street Science, there has been an increased interest in science within the Year 1 cohort. | Yes |
Phenol is a colorless or white solid when it is pure. It is usually sold and used, however, as a liquid. It has a strong odor that is sickeningly sweet and irritating. It evaporates more slowly than water and dissolves fairly well in water. Phenol can catch on fire.
Phenol is mainly a man-made chemical, although it is found in nature in animal wastes and organic material. The largest single use of phenol is to make plastics, but it also is used to make caprolactam (used to make nylon 6 and other man-made fibers) and bisphenol A (used to make epoxy and other resins). It also is used as a slimicide (a chemical that kills bacteria and fungi found in watery slimes), as a disinfectant, and in medical products.
Structural diagram: National Institutes of Health
Fate & Transport
Small, single releases of phenol do not stay long in the air (usually half is removed in less than 1 day), and usually do not stay in the soil for long periods (usually completely gone in 2-5 days), but can stay in water for longer than 9 days. Phenol will stay in the air, soil, and water for much longer times if a large amount of it is released at one time, or if a steady amount is released over a long time. More phenol than is usually found in the environment has been found in surface waters and surrounding air that were contaminated when phenol was released from industries and commercial products that contain phenol. Phenol has been found in materials released from landfills and hazardous waste sites, and it has been found in the groundwater near these sites. Phenol is usually found in the environment below 100 parts per billion (ppb), although much higher levels have been reported. One ppb or less of phenol has been found in relatively unpolluted surface and ground waters.
Because phenol is used in many manufacturing processes and in many products, exposure to phenol may take place where you work or in very low amounts at home. Phenol is present in a number of consumer products which are swallowed, rubbed on, or added to various parts of the body. These include ointments, ear and nose drops, cold sore lotions, mouthwashes, gargles, toothache drops, analgesic rubs, throat lozenges, and antiseptic lotions. Phenol has been found in drinking water, air, automobile exhaust, tobacco smoke, marijuana smoke, and certain foods including smoked summer sausage, fried chicken, mountain cheese, and some species of fish. Phenol has not been reported in soil except at hazardous waste sites; this is probably due to the fact that phenol does not remain in soil for very long, rather than the fact that it never occurs there. At this time, phenol has been found at at least 184 of 1177 hazardous waste sites on the National Priorities List (NPL) in the United States.
Exposure to phenol at the workplace may occur through breathing contaminated air or through skin contact with phenol when it is made and used. Exposures may be higher than outside the workplace.
In addition to workplace exposures, other possible exposures include breathing contaminated air, tobacco smoking or environmental tobacco smoke exposure, drinking water from contaminated surface or groundwater supplies, swallowing products containing phenol, and coming into contact with contaminated water and products containing phenol when bathing or putting lotions on the skin. The use of medical products and other consumer products that contain phenol usually accounts for much more of your total exposure to phenol than releases in the workplace and outdoors. These exposures, however, may not occur often and are usually over short periods of time. Populations living near phenol spills, waste disposal, or landfill sites may be at risk for higher exposures to phenol than other populations. If phenol is at a waste site near homes that use wells as a source of water, the well water could be contaminated. If phenol is spilled at a waste site, people, such as children playing in dirt containing phenol, may have skin contact or swallow soil or water contaminated with phenol. Skin contact with phenol or swallowing products containing phenol may lead to increased exposure, but this exposure may not occur often and is usually over short periods of time.
Phenol can enter the body when a person drinks contaminated water, eats contaminated food, or swallows products that have phenol in them. Phenol spilled on the skin easily enters the body through the skin. Phenol also enters the body through the lungs when a person smokes or breathes in air or smoke that contains phenol.
The amount of phenol that will enter the body from skin contact with water that contains phenol depends on how much phenol is in the water, how long it touches the skin, and how much skin touches the contaminated water. Larger amounts of phenol will enter the body when large areas of skin touch weak solutions of phenol than when small areas of skin touch strong solutions of phenol. If a person is exposed to air that contains phenol, phenol can enter the body through the skin and lungs. The skin may take in as much as one-half the phenol that enters the body when a person is exposed to phenol in air. Although a person may be exposed to air contaminated with phenol at a waste site, most spilled phenol will stay in soil or water rather than evaporate into air. Studies in humans and animals show that most phenol that enters the body through the skin, by breathing contaminated air, or eating food, drinking water, or taking products that contain phenol leaves the body in the urine within 24 hours.
The serious effects of a harmful substance usually increase as both the level and length of exposure increase. Repeated exposure to low levels of phenol in drinking water has been linked with diarrhea and mouth sores in humans; eating very large amounts of phenol has resulted in death. Laboratory animals that drank very large amounts of phenol in water had muscle tremors and loss of coordination.
The effects on humans of breathing phenol in air are unknown. Exposure of animals to high levels of phenol in air for a few minutes is irritating to the lungs, and repeated exposure for several days causes muscle tremors and loss of coordination. Exposure to high levels of phenol for several weeks results in paralysis and severe injury to the heart, kidneys, liver, and lungs, followed by death in some cases.
When exposures involve the skin surface, the size of the total exposed skin can influence the severity of the toxic effects. Small amounts of phenol put on the skin of animals for short times can cause blisters and burns on the exposed area, and spilling weak phenol solutions on large parts of the body (more than 25% of the body surface) can result in death.
The effects of exposure to phenol on human reproduction and the developing fetus are unknown. Pregnant animals that drank water containing high amounts of phenol gave birth to offspring that had low birth weights and birth defects. We do not know whether phenol causes cancer in humans, but cancer occurs in mice when phenol is put on the skin. When phenol is combined with other chemicals that cause cancer and put on the skin, more cancer may occur than when the other chemicals are put on alone.
Phenol can have positive effects when used for medical reasons. It is an antiseptic (kills germs) when put on the skin and may also have antiseptic properties when gargled as a mouthwash. It is an anesthetic (relieves pain) and is a part of some sore-throat remedies (lozenges and formulas). Small amounts of phenol in water have been injected into nerves to reduce pain caused by some nerve disorders. Phenol will kill the outer layers of skin if it remains on the skin, and small amounts of strong solutions of phenol are sometimes put on the skin to remove warts and to treat other skin spots and disorders.
Information excerpted from:
Toxicological Profile for Phenol December 1989 | Yes |
Synthesis of hydrocarbons under upper mantle conditions: evidence for the theory of abiotic deep petroleum origin
2010 (English)In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, JOINT AIRAPT-22 AND HPCJ-50, 2010, 012103- p.Conference paper (Refereed)
A theory of abiotic deep petroleum origin explains that hydrocarbon compounds are generated in the upper mantle and migrate through the deep faults into the Earth's crust. There they form oil and gas deposits in any kind of rock in any kind of the structural position. Until recently one of the main obstacles for further development of this theory has been the lack of reliable and reproducible experimental results confirming the possibility of the spontaneous synthesis of complex hydrocarbon systems at high pressure and temperature. Our experimental results demonstrate that abiotic synthesis of hydrocarbons under mantle conditions is a real chemical process. Different paths of hydrocarbon synthesis under mantle conditions are discussed. Obtained experimental results place the theory of the abiotic deep petroleum origin in the mainstream of modern experimental physics and physical chemistry.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2010. 012103- p.
, Journal of Physics Conference Series, ISSN 1742-6588 ; 215
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101051DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/215/1/012103ISI: 000292385100103ScopusID: 2-s2.0-77951951120OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-101051DiVA: diva2:546348
Joint AIRAPT-22 and HPCJ-50 Conference/International Conference on High Pressure Science and Technology, JUL 26-31, 2009, Tokyo, JAPAN
QC 201208232012-08-232012-08-222012-08-23Bibliographically approved | Yes |
The adsorption of three pharmaceuticals, namely, acetaminophen, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole onto granular activated carbon (GAC), was investigated. To study competitive adsorption, both dynamic and steady-state adsorption experiments were conducted by careful selection of pharmaceuticals with various affinities and molecular size. The effective diffusion coefficient of the adsorbate was increased with decease in particle size of GAC. The adsorption affinity represented as Langmuir was consistent with the ranking of the octanol-water partition coefficient, Kow. The adsorption behavior in binary or tertiary systems could be described by competition adsorption. In the binary system adsorption replacement occurred, under which the adsorbate with the smaller Kow was replaced by the one with larger Kow. Results also indicated that portion of the micropores could be occupied only by the small target compound, but not the larger adsorbates. In multiple-component systems the competition adsorption might significantly be affected by the macropores and less by the meso- or micropores.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
- Environmental Science(all) | Yes |
Firefighting Foam Testing
NFPA 25 states & firefighting professionals agree that at least annually, an inspection of your foam and antifreeze inventory is crucial to maintaining the highest possible level of emergency preparedness.
Fire Sprinkler Testing
NFPA 25 requires building owners or their designated representatives to replace or test sprinklers periodically to ensure they maintain their performance.
Antifreeze Solution Testing
NFPA 25 requires installed antifreeze solution be tested annually, before the onset of freezing weather, to ensure it remains homogenous and continues to provide adequate freeze protection.
Dry Chemical Testing
Inadequate dry chemical agent can be dangerous, whether that be due to insufficient/incorrect active ingredient or moisture. Several standards, including IMO 1432, require dry chemical agent be analyzed periodically.
FK 5-1-12 Testing
NFPA 2001 requires each batch of agent, both recycled and newly manufactured to be tested for quality to ensure it is safe, and remains safe, for both the people and property it protects. | Yes |
Lacquer is a form of varnishing texture that is usually used on metal and wood. Lacquer varnish is most popular in certain parts of Asia. There are also different kinds of lacquer available that are used for different purposes.
Today, we are going to find out whether one can paint over lacquer or not.
Can you paint over lacquer?
One can paint over lacquer surface and material. Lacquer surface and material need to be properly sanded with sanding paper before one can apply paint over them. But all kinds of paints do not adhere to lacquer surface material. Oil-based paints work best on lacquer furniture and metal.
Let’s look at different lacquered varnished elements and discuss whether you can paint over them.
Lacquer kitchen cabinets and furniture:
You can paint over kitchen cabinets and furniture. But it takes a lot of preparation. Oil-based paints and primers are set more quickly and easily on lacquer kitchen cabinets and furniture. It is also more durable than water-based paints and primers.
First of all, you will have to clean the lacquer kitchen cabinets and furniture with a mixture of water and Trisodium Phosphate solution and let them dry. The kitchen cabinets and furniture will need to be sanded next with a sanding pad.
Before painting over lacquer kitchen cabinets and furniture, you will need to apply a primer. The primer helps the paint to set over the lacquer more easily. Dust and dirt need to be removed before applying the paint.
You can then use paint rollers to paint the lacquer kitchen cabinets and furniture. The detached doors and drawers will have to be painted too.
Lacquer car paint:
Lacquer is not recommended by experts to be used on cars. Because it is not adaptable on the surface of the car as it needs a smooth surface to set more firmly. But you can paint over lacquer car paint. Oil-based car paints and primers will be helpful in this process.
The body of the car will need to be sanded before applying oil-based primer and paint.
As lacquered is not so durable on cars, most experts suggest sanding the whole lacquer off rather than painting over it.
You can paint over lacquered metal if you follow the correct steps. These steps include sanding off the rust and corrosion from the metal surface. You will then need to apply primer and paint on that sanded met surface and wait for it to dry.
Applying paint over lacquered metal is considered to be effective as metal surfaces are suited for lacquered paint.
Lacquered MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) can be painted over. Lacquered MDF is a wood material and needs to be painted over like a lacquered wood. Before applying paint and primer, you will need to sand the lacquered MDF properly to make the surface smooth.
A smooth surface will help the paint and primer to set more effortlessly onto the Lacquered MDF.
Can you paint over lacquer with chalk paint?
Chalk paint is an effective paint on almost all kinds of surfaces. The lacquer surface is no different. Chalk paint can easily be applied on lacquer surfaces. The lacquer surface will need to be sanded to remove dust and dirt.
Sanding the lacquer surface will make it more smooth as well. Before applying the chalk paint, you will need to apply a chalk paint primer on the lacquer surface or material.
Chalk paint stays good on the lacquer surfaces for a long time if it is applied properly. You can apply chalk paint on lacquer kitchen, furniture, metal, and MDF.
The adhesion of chalk paint on the lacquer surface when it is painted over is remarkable.
Can you paint over lacquer with latex?
You can apply latex paint over lacquer. But latex paint does not adhere to the lacquer surface as easily as other paints. That is why latex paint over lacquer surface is not recommended even if it can be done.
The latex-painted lacquer kitchen cabinets, furniture, MDF, and metal are not durable and often become covered with scratches.
But in the event that you need to paint latex paint over a lacquer surface, you will have to sand the surface before applying latex primer and paint.
Can you use acrylic paint over lacquer?
Acrylic paint is another paint that does not do well on lacquer surfaces and materials. The reason behind this is that acrylic paint is water-based and oil-based paints do better on lacquer surfaces than water-based paints.
This disadvantage makes it difficult for acrylic paint to adhere to the lacquer surface.
But if you need to apply acrylic paint over lacquer kitchen cabinets, furniture, MDF, and metal, then you will need to sand the surface before applying coats of acrylic primer and paint.
Can you spray urethane, latex, or enamel paint over lacquer?
Urethane paint should not be sprayed over the lacquer surface at any cost. Because these two components can react well together.
Spraying urethane paint can damage your lacquer surface and material. Lacquer kitchen cabinets, furniture, MDF, and metal will lose their shine if you spray urethane over them.
Latex paint can be sprayed on a lacquer surface. You will need to sand the lacquer surface and apply a primer before you spray latex paint over lacquer furniture and metal.
On the other hand, enamel paint is a great choice that can be sprayed on lacquer surfaces. They set out on lacquer kitchen cabinets, furniture, MDF, and metal very easily and stay good for a long time.
Can you put oil-based paint over lacquer?
You can apply all kinds of oil-based paint over lacquer surface and material. In fact, oil-based paints adhere more naturally to the lacquer surface and material than water-based paints.
That is why experts recommend oil-based paints to be applied over lacquer kitchen cabinets, furniture, MDF, and metal.
The lacquer surface needs to be sanded with sanding paper to make it more smooth. Oil-based paints set out more effective on smooth lacquer surfaces. The lacquer surface needs to be cleaned to free it from dirt and dust.
A clean and smooth lacquer surface will be ideal for oil-based paints.
Can you paint over lacquer without sanding?
Sanding is absolutely necessary if you are aiming to paint over lacquer. If you do not sand the lacquer surface and material, the paint will struggle to adhere to its surface. That is why lacquer furniture, kitchen cabinets, MDF, and metal need to be sanded before painting over them.
Sanding is required to remove any dust and dirt from the lacquer surface. Sanding makes the lacquer surface smooth and the paint can set over it easily as a result. If you want your paint to last for a long time on a lacquer surface, you will need to take the help of sanding.
What kind of paint can go over lacquer?
Not all kinds of paint can go over lacquer. Let’s discuss some of the paints that can be used over lacquer surface and material.
Enamel paint is an oil-based paint. That is why enamel paint can set out easily on the lacquer surface. Lacquer furniture owners enjoy the smooth finish that enamel paint provides lacquer surface and material.
The lacquer surface needs to be sanded and a coat of primer needs to be applied before enamel paint can be used over the lacquer surface and material.
Chalk paint is another kind of paint that can go over lacquer surface and material. Some suggest that chalk paint can be applied over the lacquer surfaces without sanding. But it is not recommended as it can damage the lacquer furniture.
Chalk paint is known for being durable on lacquer surfaces and materials for a long time.
Latex paint can go over lacquer surface and material if it is applied properly. Lacquer surface and material need to be sanded before you can use latex paint. You will also have to use a primer before applying latex paint.
Latex paint does not stay good on the lacquer surfaces for a long time and needs to be repainted.
Sheen paints such as matte, eggshell, satin, semi-gloss, and high gloss can also go over lacquer if they are applied properly. Lacquer kitchen cabinets, furniture, MDF, and metal have to be sanded before you can apply primer and sheen paint.
Milk paint can also go over lacquer kitchen cabinets, furniture, MDF, and metal. The lacquer surface and material go well with milk paint despite being water-based paint.
Extra coats of paint can be applied over lacquer surface and material. Latex paint, milk paint, chalk paint, enamel paint, and sheen paint adhere to the surface lacquer more easily than other paints. Sanding and applying a primer is essential before painting over lacquer furniture and metal. | Yes |
Dowsil™ FS 1265-1000 cSt formerly MOLYKOTE FS 1265-1000 cSt, is used for vacuum pumps handling reactive gases, high and lowtemperature bearings, bearings subjected to washing by fuels or solvents. Vapor cycle engines.
Fluorosilicone polymer, 100% active / Viscosity: ISO VG 300, 1000, 10,000 cSt.
Dowsil™ FS 1265-1000 cSt is lubricating oil for harsh environments / Efficient and long-lasting de-foaming / Insolubility in chlorinated solvents / High oxidation resistance and chemical inertness / Low surface tension / High flash point / Download chemical equivalency certificates by clicking on the Homologation link opposite.
Dangerous. Observe safety precautions - For professional use only | Yes |
Antimalarial Drug Development
Treating malaria is a global challenge. Resistance against artemisinin-based combination therapies has recently been detected in Southeast Asia, threatening the impact of standard therapies on malaria. Developing new and highly efficient antimalarials is, therefore, urgently needed. The Swiss TPH has a long and successful track record in antimalarial drug development. We are among the leading institutions in assay development and drug discovery. Our in vitro and in vivo models globally support the preclinical development of new antimalarials. Clinical research is carried out in endemic countries of tropical Africa.
Drug Discovery for Malaria
The NGBS programme in malaria drug discovery is a collaboration between public and private research institutes. This programme aims at solving two fundamental medical needs. Firstly, a one dose cure for P. falciparum malaria would be a breakthrough in solving compliance problems, and would also contribute easing logistical and cost issues. Also new molecules are needed to replace older ones that are increasingly rendered ineffective through resistance. Secondly, an attempt is made to identify targets that allow achieving effective cures for P. vivax infections.
Antimalarial Drug Screening
Our mandate with Medicines for Malaria Venture in Geneva – a non-profit foundation for new antimalarial drugs – comprises exploratory work on novel compounds from various sources. The goal is to identify novel chemical entities showing antimalarial activity in vitro and in rodent models. Our experience during the last decade is that such novel compounds can ultimately become part of the Medicines for Malaria Venture portfolio.
Link to Project
Modelling and Simulation for Drug Development at Swiss TPH
This research project is aligned with priorities of Swiss TPH, namely integrating drug discovery and drug development with modeling. Aiming to strengthen capacity at the institute for model based research and development of existing and novel drugs we propose to use pharmacometrics and modelling and simulation in the preclinical and clinical development of antimalarials and anthelmintics, respectively.
“Developing the compound is of huge importance - for the spread of resistance against traditional drugs is on arise.” | Yes |
keywords: Groundwater, index, irrigation, Kerlin ratio, metals, permeability
The needs for sustainable food supply have made assessment of groundwater resources for irrigation a mandatory act. The present study evaluates the possible use of Ogun State groundwater for irrigation in Southwest Nigeria. One hundred (100) water samples were evaluated for trace elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP/OES) while physicochemical parameters (pH, Electrical Conductivity EC, Redox potential Eh, Bicarbonates, Chlorides, Nitrates, Ammonium, Phosphates and Sulphates) were determined using standard methods. Piper’s plot showed that the order of dominating cations from both basement and sedimentary area are Na+> Ca2+> K+> Mg2+, however, the order of anion concentration in basement groundwater are HCO3-> SO >Cl while in sedimentary area are HCO3-> Cl > SO . The Kerlin Ratio (KR) showed that 62% of basement and 82.5% of sedimentary groundwater are not suitable for irrigation. Government support is needed for treatment in order for farmers to be able to use it for irrigation and enhance sustainable food production. | Yes |
Consolidators and primers for concrete
ONE-COMPONENT CONSOLIDATING AND ADHESION PROMOTING POLYURETHANE PRIMER.
PRIMER PS30 is a ready-to-use one-component primer based on modified solvent-based polyurethane resins with superior adhesion and consolidating properties. Hardening takes place by polymerisation by ambient humidity.
- 1 – 5 – 10 – 20 kg pail.
- 100 ÷ 250 g/m² per coat (min. recommended) Apply 2 coats on very absorbent substrates.
- Clear amber
- High adhesion to the substrate.
- High yield per m² of surface to be coated.
- Easy and simple application.
- Excellent resistance to contact with animal and vegetable fats, blood, beer, detergents, fruit juices, inks, milk, soap, sugar, wine, water, etc.
- Resistance to washing with diluted acid or alkaline solutions. | Yes |
What Does Full-Spectrum Hemp Oil Mean?
In the rapidly growing world of holistic healing, all too often catchy buzzwords are thrown into product descriptions and labels to catch the eye of the consumer. These words frequently go unlooked and unquestioned. Words like “organic” and “natural” are thrown around without any real basis to these claims. Large corporations are monopolizing on the growing natural living trend and misleading their consumers to make a sale. Have you ever looked at a label and seen a word that you didn’t understand? Shampoos with ceramide, beauty products with collagen, do we really know what these mean for you and your health? TerraGold Plus is based on transparency. We want our consumers to feel comfortable using our products and would like to provide whatever resources necessary to educate you on the science behind the product. Like many people interested in holistic healing, we’ve spent hours and hours online researching various treatments, herbal cures, and natural remedies. We care what goes into our bodies. It’s what led us on the path to natural healing and likely why you’re reading this blog today!
We started TerraGold Plus with the hopes of creating truly beneficial and all-natural products (check out the ingredients on our labels) for our friends and family to use. We quickly realized we’re not the only ones who value consciously made products and decided to share our remedies with you so that you can enjoy the benefits of truly holistic healing. One word you’ll see on every TerraGold Plus product label is “full-spectrum hemp oil” or “Cannabinoid-Rich” hemp extract. It’s one of those words you’ll always see on our products because it’s something we truly believe in and stand behind. Let’s dive into what this means so you can have confidence in your path of natural healing.
How is hemp used in our products?
While vigorously researching natural solutions to create our products with, we came across hemp. It’s a plant that has been around for decades but has gained recent popularity. Being a plant that grows straight from the ground, hemp is as natural as you can get! Part of what makes hemp so beneficial is cannabinoids, tiny pods of goodness. One cannabinoid you may have heard of is CBD. CBD can help with aiding pain relief, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and a wide host of other properties. More importantly – CBD is non-psychoactive. Unlike THC, CBD will not make you feel “high.” CBD can be used by so many different people and is even being used for pets. That’s why this cannabinoid is often featured in so many hemp-based products. While it certainly has some impressive benefits, the other 100+ cannabinoids have their own set of unique advantages too!
The Entourage Effect
You may think removing the remaining cannabinoids and jam-packing a product with CBD would be the most effective way to consume hemp, but it actually has the opposite effect. In the late 1960s Israeli researcher, Raphael Mechoulam, known for his break-through innovations, made an interesting discovery. When an individual cannabinoid is isolated on its own, it loses a percentage of its potency. He coined this finding the “entourage effect,” because he noticed the cannabinoids are much more powerful and efficient when they are all together. Each cannabinoid wants to be surrounded by their entourage of cannabinoid friends! To differentiate between CBD-isolates and all-cannabinoid products, the words “full spectrum” “Cannabinoid-Rich” and “whole plant” are used. Full spectrum and whole plant mean the same thing – they contain all the natural cannabinoids from the hemp plant. Full spectrum hemp oil is the most effective and holistic form of using cannabinoid-rich hemp extracts. When you use full-spectrum hemp oil, you’re gaining all the benefits from all the cannabinoids in the most effective method possible.
Does that mean CBD only products are ineffective?
While full spectrum hemp is highly effective, that doesn’t mean that CBD-only products are completely useless. Some products like CBD oil and tinctures may be missing out on the benefits of the other cannabinoids. However, a CBD isolate or crystalline is so highly concentrated, the benefits remain. The problem with CBD- only oil and other blended products is when you mix the already less powerful CBD into the oil and other ingredients; it becomes incredibly diluted. CBD crystalline is 100% CBD, there is no dilution taking place, so the isolated cannabinoid remains effective. Full spectrum oil remains effective because the cannabinoids use the entourage effect to provide the benefits of over 100 cannabinoids combined.
What about THC?
THC is the one cannabinoid that’s not invited to our party. THC is the cannabinoid responsible for mind-altering high most people associate with smoking the herb. Hemp that contains more than 0.03% THC is commonly referred to as cannabis. TerraGold Plus does not use cannabis; we use hemp. That means the plants we extract the cannabinoids from are natural | Yes |
Amethyst: Where does it come from?
When underground magma cools, it usually turns into a common igneous rock called basalt. Air bubbles trapped within the cooled rock are called vesicles, and over time, water that is laden with dissolved silica and other minerals seep through, filling these air pockets. The minerals are left behind as the water seeps elsewhere, and crystals slowly grow on the inner walls of the vesicles. Within the basalts of Rio Grande do Sul, the mineral that most commonly lines the inner walls is a variety of quartz called agate. As time continues, quartz crystals slowly grow within the cavity. These crystals are irradiated with natural underground radiation, which changes the coloration and the crystals become purple amethyst.
Let’s venture into this process a little further. Given enough time, a vesicle can completely mineralize into what is called an ‘amygdaloid’. Meaning, it is completely filled with quartz and becomes a solid piece of agate. Quartz, such as this agate, is more resistant to weathering than the basalt that surrounds it. Over millions of years the basalt wears away and you are left with these round agate nodules in the soil.
And what if some of these amygdaloids didn’t quite fill up all of the way? These nodules that end up somewhat hollow on the inside are called geodes. When you cut or break open a geode, you see some of the outer agate lining, but mostly what you are looking for are the beautiful quartz crystal formations on the inside.
Amethyst geodes, that we talked about earlier, are the ones that are created very early on in the process, and are highly desired. Today, instead of waiting millions of years for erosion to take place, miners drill and blast the rock away to find these ancient vesicles containing amethyst and remove them as carefully and efficiently as possible. Some are left to be sold in their natural, beautiful color. Others might be given heat treatment to help bring out the purple hue. Some are even heat treated to the point of changing their coloration completely, which changes their classification to citrine.
So whether it be a small piece of amethyst or citrine, agate nodules or geodes, or a even an amethyst cathedral weighing up to several hundred pounds that you are hunting for, look no further! We have it all here at Western Woods Inc, with some of the highest qualities and deepest colors available. Every piece is unique and we can’t list them all here on the site, so give us a call today and see what is waiting in store for you! | Yes |
Chapter 27. Composite Reinforcements Via Chemical Vapor Deposition
- John B. Wachtman Jr.
Published Online: 26 MAR 2008
Copyright © 1990 The American Ceramic Society, Inc.
14th Annual Conference on Composites and Advanced Ceramic Materials, Part 2 of 2: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 11, Issue 9/10
How to Cite
Sherman, A. J. and Tuffias, R. H. (1990) Composite Reinforcements Via Chemical Vapor Deposition, in 14th Annual Conference on Composites and Advanced Ceramic Materials, Part 2 of 2: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 11, Issue 9/10 (ed J. B. Wachtman), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA. doi: 10.1002/9780470313053.ch27
- Published Online: 26 MAR 2008
- Published Print: 1 JAN 1990
Print ISBN: 9780470374931
Online ISBN: 9780470313053
The production and availability of new and modified reinforcements for advanced composites has been identified as a key enabling technology needed to meet the materials needs of advanced aerospace and defense systems. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of particulates, fibers, whiskers, platelets, and coatings has the potential for meeting these demands. The effect of CVD processing conditions on reinforcement microstructure and the applicability of CVD to producing various forms of reinforcements are discussed, as well as materials and forms which have been investigated to date. | Yes |
Leaking manholes can cause unnecessary damage to the environment and can be costly if left untreated. McBreen Environmental can assess manholes with the latest CCTV equipment and carry out the necessary works to fix the problem, which may include Manhole Injection. This is a treatment used to stop and prevent infiltration in manholes and concrete structures. By injecting our polyurethane resin into the structure – it stops leaks and provides a structural membrane behind the chamber, preventing any further damage to it’s surroundings, and possibly saving you the expense in repairing any further damage.
Advantages of Manhole Injection:
• Polyurethane resin injection, which when in contact with water expands rapidly, stopping leaks within minutes.
• Ideal for brick and concrete structures
• Environmentally Friendly
• Non-disruptive sealing of leaks
• Places impermeable coating outside structure
• Stays permanently flexible
• Resists ground water pressure
• Effective against high flows
• Impermeable to water, allows diffusion of water vapour
• Resistant to very severe sulphate attack and PH of 3.5 | Yes |
Benefits: Sulfate and Paraben-Free! Essential Amino Acids make it easy for the hair to absorb the nutrients from these products, leaving the hair smoother, fuller, and shinier. Transports nutrients into the innermost layers of the hair structure to encourage flexibility, reflective shine and rematerializes hair to visually plump the strands.
How to use: Lather, massage, rinse.
Key Ingredients: Bentonite Clay and Quinoa Protein; Quinoa (keenwa) protein is the same grain used in the amplifying foam to condition, repair and protect the strands. Bentonite Clay is made of aged volcanic ash mixed with water; the unique thing about this ingredient is it has the ability to create an electrical charge when hydrated, giving the hair manageable flexibility, hold, and volume at the same time. | Yes |
The synthesis of glycerol from propylene can be classified into two categories: chlorination and oxidation. Propylene chlorination and propylene peracetic acid oxidation are still used in industry.
2.1 Propylene oxidation
This is the most important method to synthesize glycerol, which includes four steps: oxidation of propylene to propylene chloride at high temperature, hypochloritization of propylene chloride to propylene dichloride, saponification of propylene dichloride to epichlorohydrin and hydrolysis of epichlorohydrin to glycerol.
2.2 Propylene Peracetic Acid Oxidation
Propylene reacts with peracetic acid to synthesize propylene oxide, which is isomerized to allyl alcohol, and then oxidized to propylene oxide (glycidyl) by peracetic acid, which is hydrolyzed to glycerol. Or allyl alcohol can be oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to produce glycerol directly.
2.3 Epichlorohydrin process
Glycerol synthesized from epichlorohydrin is a mature process with good product quality. In 1980, China introduced production units. At present, the annual production capacity of synthetic glycerol in China is more than 5 kt. However, due to the high price of epichlorohydrin, the production capacity of synthetic glycerol has been exerted especially. The output of synthetic glycerol abroad is very large. The annual output of glycerol in the United States is 300 kt, of which 150 KT is synthetic glycerol.
In the production of epichlorohydrin, a large number of by-products, propylene trigas, can be comprehensively utilized to produce glycerol by heating and hydrolysis.
Production of Fermented Glycerol
Starch raw materials (grain, corn, sweet potato, etc.) or molasses were produced by microbial fermentation.
The research on fermentation method in China began in the mid-1950s. The research and application of high osmotic yeast strains, which rose in the 1960s, was in its peak period in the 1970s. From 1994 to 1995, it began to enter industrial production, especially in Shandong, Jiangsu, Gansu and other places. | Yes |
Anodising guide and manual
Here you can find our extensive guide to anodising with a lot of important tips and tricks to achieve the perfect anodic oxidation of aluminium. Below you can find short instructions for anodising. Just click on the image to download the Tifoo anodisation manual in PDF-format >>>>>>>>>>
SHORT GUIDE TO ANODISE ALUMINIUM
1. Mechanical pre-treatment (grinding, polishing)
3. Dip in the Tifoo Anodization Activator (5 to 20 minutes, depending on the pollution degree)
5. Calculate the surface of the aluminium piece to be anodized
6. Position the graphite electrodes inside the basin, dip in the piece you want to anodize for about 45-60 min at 1.5 A/dm2, the workpiece is connected to the positive pole and the two graphite sheets to the negative pole.
8. Dye --> The rinsed workpiece is now dipped in the dyeing bath heated up to 50 °C. Move it around a bit to accelerate the absorption of the dye. The dyeing bath's concentration depends on the dye itself and on the desired saturation. According to the colour's intensity and the bath's concentration, the immersion time is from 2 to 20 minutes. More time in the dyeing bath means a more intense colouration of the workpieces. Thanks to that, you will be able to create light colourations as well as very saturated dyes very easily - including the different shades between the two.
10. Seal --> The workpiece is dipped in boiling water for about 60 minutes at at least 96 °C. This closes the pores of the surface and the compound is transformed into its final form responsible for the extreme hardness of the layer. We recommend distilled water! | Yes |
The mangrove ecosystem in Tapak Village is one of the coastal areas in Tugu District, Semarang, Central Java and close to the industrial area. This mangrove ecosystem presumed to be contaminated by heavy metals. This study aims to analysis of lead heavy metal in Tapak, isolate fungi from mangrove sediments, and identify the potential fungus according to molecular approach. The sampling method used a purposive random sampling method with 4 sampling points. The isolation of fungi was carried out using the dilution method and then cultured on the general Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The purified isolates were tested its ability as a bioremediation agent of lead heavy metal (Pb) and were identified molecularly using ITS1 and ITS4 as universal primers. The results of the analysis of the Pb content in the sediment samples using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) ranged from 59.07-76.76mg/Kg, where these results exceeded the CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment) quality standards, 2001, with Pb standards of 35mg/Kg. Based on the screening of fungal isolates on media supplemented with (Pb) of 70 ppm, a total 18 isolates were purified. There were 9 isolates with the fastest growth in observations for 7 days. One of the 9 fastest-growing isolates, MT.1.E, was identified molecularly using Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS) region and the homology was closely related to Aspergillus fumigatus which has a 100% similarity. According to this study, fungi can be proposed as a bioremediation agent. | Yes |
(370d) Interpreting Functional-Sensitivity in Catalysis: Exchange-Tuning Vs. DFT+U
Density functional theory is the preferred tool for the mechanistic study of heterogeneous catalysis. First-principles simulations provide valuable insight into barriers and structures associated with short-lived intermediates and transition states. However, DFT predictions of binding energetics and activation energies are highly sensitive to the form of approximate exchange-correlation functional employed. We present recent work in examining relationships between chemical composition of a catalyst (i.e., metal, ligand environment) with corresponding sensitivity of key descriptors of reactivity (e.g., small molecule binding energetics and structure) with respect to xc functional variation. These studies have enabled our development of a descriptor-based approach to identifying the reliability of a DFT prediction obtained, e.g. at reduced cost with a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) versus one obtained with an admixture of Hartree-Fock exchange. It has also allowed us to idenify how to optimally employ the affordable DFT+U approach to correct for underlying GGA shortcomings. We demonstrate these ideas on a number of paradigmatic systems including CO binding at transition metal catalysts for CO2 reduction and in the properties of spin-crossover solid surfaces and complexes. | Yes |
Hazardous Waste Information
Hard Rock Mining Largest Polluter in the United States "Hard rock mining companies and coal-burning power plants are the two most polluting industries in the United States, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Both industries were responsible for nearly two-thirds of all the chemicals released into the nation's air and water. Hard rock mining includes the mining of gold, silver, copper, zinc, lead, uranium, molybdenum, etc." Arizona came in third with 744 million pounds of toxics released!
POLLUTION LOCATOR — Scorecard Community Center" A direct link to Environmental Defense's Scorecard for Pima County. Asarco and Sierrita mines top the list. An extensive map based site that provides national, state, and regional (by zip code) breakdowns of TRI data including comparisons among geographic areas."
RIGHT TO KNOW Network Contains detailed list of releases and waste by chemical name.
Ammonia Ranked as one of the most hazardous compounds (worst 10%) to ecosystems. Suspected toxicant of several human organs and the nervous system.
Chromium Ranked as one of the most hazardous compounds (worst 10%) to human health. Suspected carcinogen, toxicant of liver, kidney and resperatory system.
Copper Ranked as most hazardous compound to human health in 9 out of 9 ranking systems. Suspected toxicant of several human organs, particularly liver. The copper is extracted, but some remains in the solutions that go to the tailings ponds.
Lead Ranked as one of the most hazardous compounds to ecosystems and human health, a known carcinogen.
Manganese Ranked as one of the most hazardous compounds to human health.
Mercury compounds More hazardous than most chemicals in 6 out of 7 ranking systems. See hazardous waste incidents for Phelps Dodge Sierritas Mine.
Molybdenum Trioxide More hazardous than most chemicals in 1 out of 8 ranking systems. This is an important chemical as it is not regulated by the water standards, yet it is a suspected carcinogen, neurotoxicant (that's our brain!) and resipitory toxicant. This chemical is considered most toxic if inhaled. Phelps Dodge Sierritas does manufacture it for sell (somewhere between 1,000,000 and 10,000,000 lbs. in 2002), but with an air release of 4,000 lbs. in the process.
Nickel More hazardous than most chemicals in 8 out of 11 ranking systems, a recognized carcinogen and supected of damaging nearly every organ of the body. 318,840 lbs. of it was dumped on the ground every year since 2000.
Nitrate Compounds Less hazardous than most chemicals. Suspected cardiovascular or blood toxicant.
Sulfuric acid More hazardous than most chemicals in 7 out of 10 ranking systems. It is not a toxin that has known health factors, only suspected ones, including respiratory. I guess it depends on how close you are to the acid! The numbers for Duval/Sierrita mine are shocking: a range from 14,000 to 39,000 pounds annually dumped behind those barbed wires and toxic mounds. I guess we were lucky that only 18,710 lbs. escaped into the air in one year"fugitive" escape. | Yes |
Filters: Tags: Colorimetry (X)11 results (114ms)
Identification of Salmonella enteritidis from experimentally infected hens using a colorimetric DNA hybridization method
Comparison of the activities of Bacillus thuringiensis mosquitocidal crystal proteins on mosquito cell lines (Diptera, Culicidae), using two colorimetric methods
Operation sources in Belgium: Preliminary statistical analyses of the results and validation of the `nitrates'
Concentration, apparent molecular weight and chemical reactivity of silica from groundwater in Southern Nevada
Sensitive and specific colorimetric dot assay to detect eastern equine encephalomyelitis viral RNA in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) after polymerase chain reaction amplification
Estimation of the microcystin content in cyanobacterial field samples from German lakes using the colorimetric protein-phosphatase inhibition assay and RP-HPLC
Detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by colorimetric assay for reverse transcriptase activity on magnetic beads | Yes |
Abstract The CN vibrations of two aromatic nitriles, cinnamonitrile, PhCH CH–CN and benzonitrile, PhCN, representative of components of common enzyme inhibitors, are examined by two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. In methanol, these spectra display cross peaks between the two CN components whose evolution exposes the few picosecond (4.5 ps for CIN and 5.3 ps for BN) equilibrium dynamics of hydrogen bond making and breaking. The main features of the 2D IR spectra are reproduced by simulations only when exchange is incorporated. The lowest free energy state is the non-hydrogen bonded form. Both alkyl and aryl nitriles have now shown this picosecond exchange process. | Yes |
What is a CCP Test for Rheumatoid Arthritis?
A CCP test for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a simple procedure that helps a physician distinguish between rheumatoid and other types of arthritis. Typically, this test is ordered to deny or confirm RA when the patient does not exhibit the usual signs and symptoms of the inflammatory disease.
CCP stands for cystic citrullinated peptide, an amino acid that is present in the body when another amino acid, by the name of arginine, becomes mutated. As a result, the body creates autoantibodies which are linked to the pain, swelling, and inflammation caused by RA.
Although fairly new, the CCP test for RA is a useful tool for diagnosing in the early stages of the condition. The test is typically not the sole tool that may be used for diagnosis though, as a rheumatoid factor (RF) test may commonly be ordered as well.
The CCP test can determine if there are citrulline antibodies present in the blood stream, which is a good indicator of whether or not the individual does have RA. According to recent statistics, this test for rheumatoid arthritis is highly accurate, this is especially so for early diagnosis and may be more accurate than other forms of testing.
Preparation for Testing
Patients having this test done will typically not have any type of special preparation. A CCP test for rheumatoid arthritis is done via blood test. Like similar procedures involving blood work, the blood sample is simply removed from the vein, usually in the arm by needle. The patient does not need to fast or take any other measures, as this will not change the results of such a test.
In addition, the results are in common terms and easy to understand. A negative result means that the antibody is not currently present, while a positive result indicates that the citrulline antibody is present and that the individual most likely has rheumatoid arthritis. Once the presence of the antibody has been confirmed, the physician may order additional testing and/or recommend that the patient start treatment.
The CCP test is considered one of the most accurate tests for determining RA. As of now, there are no known substances or conditions that can easily alter the results of the test. As a matter of fact, it may even be used to rule out RA in individuals who tested positive for RF but do not have this particular condition.
AACP. Lab Tests Online. 22 October, 2009. www.labtestsonline.org. Viewed 28 October, 2009. | Yes |
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (cis-9, cis-12-octadecadienoic acid), an omega-6 essential fatty acid. The characteristic features of these isomers are that, unlike linoleic acid, the 2 double bonds along the 18-carbon fatty acid chain are separated by a single carbon-carbon bond, not a methylene group. The 2 main isomers of CLA are cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 octadecaenoic acids (c9,t11-CLA, t10,c12-CLA) (16).
The use of CLA supplements is spreading among elite and recreational athletes because marketing claims suggest that it can improve endurance capacity, increase V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, reduce body mass, reduce muscle glycogen breakdown, improve metabolism, prevent or reduce muscle damage and the inflammatory response, promote fat loss, and reduce catabolism (15,18). Although only a few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of CLA supplementation and exercise training (endurance and resistance) in animal and human subjects. In animals, it has been demonstrated that CLA supplementation combined with endurance training augments the positive effect of training, that is, decreases body weight (11) and adipose tissue (1,11) and increases lean body mass (1), muscle hypertrophy (7), and endurance performance (19). Although the results in animals show that CLA supplementation has positive effects, the studies conducted with humans show contradictory results. Kreider et al. (18) and Pinkoski et al. (21), who investigated the effects of CLA supplementation during resistance exercise training on subjects performing different sporting activities, observed different results despite the fact that both performed randomized controlled studies. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in experienced resistance-trained athletes did not induce differences in total body mass, body composition, and strength (18), whereas in moderately physically active subjects, CLA induced a relatively small increase in lean body mass and a decrease in body fat mass (21).
The effect of CLA supplementation on body fat mass reduction has been investigated (5), and in in vitro studies, the lipolytic effect of CLA on adipocytes seems to be mediated by an increase in the levels of a protein named perilipin A (6). The proteins of the perilipin family are found not only on the outer surface of lipid storage droplets of adipocytes (linked to the hormone-sensitive lipase) but also in steroidogenic cells, such as Leydig cells in testicles, associated to the cholesteryl esterase (22). The steroidogenic cells' cholesteryl esters, precursors of testosterone, are stored in the intracellular lipid droplets of Leydig cells (22). Moreover, it has previously been suggested that exercise training might alter the amount and the function of perilipin (20).
Considering the lipolytic effect of CLA, the role of perilipins in the pathway leading to steroid hormone synthesis and the effect of exercise on perilipin function, it was hypothesized that CLA supplementation may mediate an increase in testosterone secretion. The purposes of the study were (a) to investigate the effect of CLA supplementation on testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells, an in vitro model for studying steroid biosynthesis, and (b) to test the effect of CLA supplementation on testosterone levels in vivo in the blood of physical active subjects and after a resistance exercise bout. We suppose that the results from this study will lead the practitioners to understand if the CLA supplementation can be useful to increase the testosterone synthesis immediately after an acute session of resistance exercise affecting the anabolic phase followed by each strength training session.
Experimental Approach to the Problem
To test if CLA supplementation has an effect on the synthesis of testosterone, we approached the problem using in vitro and in vivo models.
For the first model, we used a Leydig cell line, which is steroidogenic without cAMP stimulation (22). Investigation of the effect of CLA on a rat cell line was done because (a) it is unethical to perform a testicular biopsy in humans without any prior results from animal studies that justify them; (b) it is impossible to obtain a 100% pure Leydig cell culture from animal testes, and these cells are hard to maintain in culture, unlike the cell line used; and (c) only the R2C cell at a basal conditioning level produces steroid hormones, simulating the activation of these cells in humans after a resistance exercise bout, while Leydig cells isolated from animal testis require the addition of human chorionic gonadotropin to produce steroid hormones. The cells were treated with different concentration of CLA, and the supernatant medium was tested after 24 and 48 hours to determine total testosterone synthesis.
The human model was conducted as a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. All subjects gave the investigators informed consent before participating in the study. Subjects were assigned to condition using randomization and provided with CLA or placebo for 3 weeks. After 2 weeks of washout, the groups were switched and all subjects received the opposite substance for an additional 3 weeks. Before and after each supplementation period, the subjects underwent a resistance exercise bout and body composition analysis. Blood samples were collected for hormone analyses before and after each resistance exercise bout.
The concentration of CLA supplementation administered for the in vivo experiment was based on doses previously used in literature and not on the doses used in the in vitro experiment because it is unethical to perform a testicular biopsy to verify actual CLA concentration of the testis. The study was conducted in Sicily (Italy) during springtime.
A: In Vitro
Rat Leydig Cells (R2C, cat. No. 89031606, ECACC; Health Protection Agency Culture Collections, Salisbury, United Kingdom) were cultured in 75-cm2 flasks in M-199 medium (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 15% horse serum (Invitrogen Corp), 2.5% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen Corp), and antibiotic antimycotic solution (penicillin 100 U·ml−1, streptomycin 100 μg·ml−1, amphotericin B 0.25 μg·ml−1; Invitrogen Corp). Cells were incubated at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 and fed 3 times a week until reaching 80 to 90% confluence. Adherent cells were harvested with trypsin in Ca2+- and Mg2+-free Hanks' balanced salt solution (Invitrogen Corp), washed with phosphate-buffered saline and resuspended in the supplemented M-199 medium.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Treatment
When cells reached about 80% confluence, they were treated with the CLA working solution at increasing concentrations (0–30 μM, to reduce the error of the operator, we used dilution series 1:2 starting from the 30 μM concentration) for 24 and 48 hours. To prepare the CLA working solution, the Tonalin FFA 80 (Cognis Nutrition and Health) was first dissolved in absolute ethanol and then in fetal bovine serum containing 1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
The CLA working solution concentrations used were tested with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay (MTS test). For the MTS assay, the CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay kit (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA) was used following the manufacturer's instruction. Briefly, cells were seeded at 5 × 103 cells per well in 96-well plates, and after the incubation period of 24 and 48 hours with the CLA working solution, 20 μL of the MTS reagent was added to each well and cells were incubated at 37°C for 3 hours. At the end of the incubation period, the absorbance of the formazan produced was detected at 490 nm with a multiwell plate reader (DV990BV4; GDV, Rome, Italy). CLA induced cell death at concentrations higher than 15 μM after 48 hours (30–40% of mortality). Hence, to study the synthesis of testosterone in vitro, we used concentrations up to 7.5 μM. The MTS test was performed in quintuplicate.
Cells were seeded at 5 × 104 cells per well in 24-well plates. To determine testosterone secretion, the medium was collected at the end of the incubation period and subsequently analyzed with an Immulite 2000 (Medical System S.P.A., Genova, Italy). Total testosterone analysis in cell culture was performed in triplicate in 5 different independent experiments.
B: In Vivo
Ten physically active male subjects (age, 27.4 ± 3.7 years; height, 176.7 ± 5.2 cm; weight, 81.1 ± 9.8 kg; body mass index (BMI), 25.9 ± 2.6 kg·m−2; body fat, 15.1 ± 3.1%) volunteered to participate in this investigation. Subjects were informed of the experimental procedures and associated risk before providing written informed consent. This study conformed to the standards set by the latest revision of the Declaration of Helsinki, and it was approved by the institutional review board for the protection of human subjects of the University of Palermo. Each subject had more than 2 years of resistance training experience and had been training at least 3 times per week over the last year. All subjects completed a health history questionnaire, were healthy, and had no medical contraindications or history of any endocrine disorders. The subjects were not vegetarians, nor did they follow a carbohydrate-restricted diet. No subjects were taking any medications or nutritional supplements, and all were nonsteroid users and nonsmokers. Baseline hormones and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) blood levels are summarized in Table 1.
This study was conducted as a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. The subjects were randomized to groups receiving either CLA (see below for dosage) or placebo (PLA) for 3 weeks. After 2 weeks of washout, the groups were switched and all subjects received the opposite substance for an additional 3 weeks. Before and after each supplementation period, the subjects underwent body composition analysis and a resistance exercise bout. During the 6 weeks (3 weeks × 2 times) of supplementation, the subjects were instructed to consume their regular diet (carbohydrate, 57.5 ± 5.0%; lipid, 15.0 ± 2.5%; protein, 25.5 ± 1.5%), to maintain their usual training routine (resistance training 3 times per week, 60 ± 7.5 minutes per training session), and to maintain normal nocturnal sleep habits (8 ± 1 hour per night). No differences were observed during the study period in macronutrients ingested, training hours per session, and nocturnal sleep hours per night (analysis performed on diet, training, and sleep questionnaires filled out daily by the subjects). It was recommended that they abstain from vigorous exercise, alcohol use, and sexual activity for at least 24 hours before the resistance exercise bout. All the subjects declared to abstain from these activities 24 hours before the resistance exercise bout.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid and PLA Supplementation
The subjects ingested 7 opaque soft gel capsules of CLA (6 g of Tonalin FFA 80; Cognis Group, Monheim, Germany) or PLA (6 g of sunflower oil) per day, both identical in taste and in appearance. The CLA and placebo dosages were used in literature in studies that investigated the effect of CLA supplementation on body mass composition (18,21); moreover, this CLA dose is suggested by the food supplement manufacturers. The CLA supplement was a mixture containing 40% c9,t11-CLA and 40% t10,c12-CLA. The rest of the mixture was made of other fatty acids (10% of oleic acid, <4% of palmitic acid, <4% of stearic acid, and <3% of linoleic acid). At the beginning of each supplementation period, the subjects received 3 boxes with 56 pills each. At the end of each supplementation period, the remaining pills per box were counted to verify the supplement intake. Subjects consumed 99.6 ± 1.3% and 99.2 ± 1.7% of the prescribed intake during the CLA and PLA supplementation periods, respectively.
1 Repetition Maximum Strength Test
Maximal strength was determined for each of the 8 exercises of the resistance protocol (leg press, leg curl, leg extension, lat pull-down, bench press, shoulder press, barbell bicep curl, and supine triceps extension). This was assessed by completing a 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) strength test (i.e., the heaviest load that can be lifted one time through a full range of motion). Three to 4 subsequent attempts were performed to determine the 1-RM strength, with the weight increasing progressively until the subjects failed at the given load. The 1-RM strength test was preceded by a warm-up session consisting of 10-minute cycling on a stationary bike, 5-minute light stretching, and 2 to 3 sets of 8 to 10 repetitions of leg press at <50% of perceived maximal strength. 1 Repetition maximum strength tests were performed 1 week before the start of each resistance bout protocol.
Resistance Exercise Bout Protocol
The resistance exercise bout consisted of 8 resistance exercises. The subject's goal was to complete 3 sets of 8 to 10 repetitions at approximately 75% of that subject's 1-RM strength. One minute of rest between each set and 2 minutes between each exercise were allowed for recovery. The number of repetitions and the amount of weight lifted in each exercise were recorded to calculate the total lifting volume, that is, the training volume.
A warm-up was performed before each resistance exercise bout. This resistance exercise protocol was based on Bird et al. (3) and was chosen because (a) it involves a large muscle mass at high intensity simulating training of recreational gymnasium users, differently from other protocols proposed in literature, and (b) it increases (around 30%) the total testosterone concentration in men until the end of the resistance exercise bout. The resistance exercise bouts and the 1-RM strength test were performed under the supervision of qualified personal trainers.
Body Composition Analysis
Body composition analysis was performed early in the morning after a night of fasting on the first and the last day of each supplementation period with the Inbody 320 (BioSpace, Seoul, Korea), a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. The device uses 8 points of tactile electrodes (contact at the hands and feet) and 3 frequencies (5, 50, and 200 kHz) to measure body mass (kilograms), body fat mass (kilograms), lean body mass (kilograms) and intra- and extracellular water (14). All subjects were asked to empty their bladders immediately before the measurements. The bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed with subjects dressed only in their underwear (with all jewelery removed). The validity and reliability of this specific bioelectrical impedance analyzer in adult men has been reported by Jensky-Squires et al. (14).
Blood Sampling and Analysis
Each resistance exercise bout was performed at 4:00 PM after a 4-hour fast, to minimize the influence of diurnal variations on exercise performance and hormonal response (2). Blood was drawn before (pre) and after (post) each resistance exercise bout from the antecubital vein to determine hormone concentrations (total testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol) and SHBG levels. Subjects sat quietly for 15 minutes, after which a butterfly needle was inserted into the antecubital forearm vein and the pre blood samples were drawn. The subjects remained sitting quietly for another 15 minutes, to minimize hormonal fluctuations related to anticipatory responses. The post blood samples were drawn 5 minutes after completion of the resistance exercise bout (2). The tubes were gently inverted 5 times and allowed to stand at room temperature for a minimum of 20 minutes. Samples were then centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3,000 revolutions per minute, with the supernatant removed, placed into plastic storage containers, and frozen at −80°C until analysis. Percentage changes in plasma and red cell volume were calculated using hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations, according to Dill and Costill (8). Blood measurements were performed by the hematology laboratory of “Azienda Ospedaliera Villa Sofia–CTO Palermo.” The hormones and SHBG were measured on an Immulite 2000 (Siemens, Milan, Italy) using the manufacturer's instruction, fully described previously (10). Briefly, the automated instrument dropped a single assay-specific bead into a sample tube that was agitated at 37°C. After the sample tube was agitated at 37°C, then washed and a chemiluminescent substrate added. The amount of light generated was measured by the photomultiplier tube, and the quantity of hormone was calculated by the software of the instrument. Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variances were 9.5 and 8.3% for total testosterone (Immunolite 2000 testosterone total), 9.0 and 6.2% for estradiol (Diasorin estradiol, Liaison estradiol, DiaSorin, Stillwater, MN, USA), 7.0 and 5.5% for cortisol (Immunolite 2000 cortisol), and 4.2 and 3.0% for SHBG (Immunolite 2000 SHBG).
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for different CLA concentrations was performed on testosterone secretion by R2C cells. Pearson's correlation was performed for testosterone synthesis in vitro. Body composition measurements and mean training volumes were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures: supplementation (CLA and PLA) vs. training (before and after). Hormones and SHBG measurements were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA with repeated measures: supplementation vs. training vs. resistance exercise bout (pre and post). Cohen's effect size (ES) was also calculated to determine the effect of supplementation on testosterone level (ES ≤ 0.2, small; 0.2 < ES ≤ 0.6, moderate; ES > 0.6, large). Assumptions for ANOVA were assessed, and ANOVAs were robust to violation of normality and homogeneity. If a significant difference was detected during 1-, 2- or 3-way ANOVAs, this was further evaluated by post hoc Tukey's test. Confidence intervals (90%) for baseline values and normal ranges of hormones and SHBG blood level are summarized in Table 1. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica (StatSoft, Inc, Tulsa, OK, USA). All data are presented as means ± SEM, and the level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.
Testosterone Production In Vitro
In the R2C cells, the CLA working solution induced an increase in the concentration of the secreted testosterone within 48 hours (Figure 1). Testosterone secretion increased linearly with CLA supplementation (R2 = 0.520, p < 0.018). This effect was not evident at 24-hour treatment.
Serum Hormones and Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin
The serum hormones and SHBG concentration results are shown in Figure 2. There was a significant interaction of the resistance exercise bout on total testosterone (p < 0.05) and cortisol levels (p < 0.05). The total testosterone and cortisol concentration increased significantly at the end of the exercise bouts, although the post hoc analysis did not indicate any significant difference between pre and post resistance exercise bouts. After the resistance exercise bouts, total testosterone increased moderately (ES = moderate), whereas after CLA supplementation, there was a large increase in total testosterone (ES = large). The large ES in total testosterone level after CLA supplementation was not induced by a fluid shift because there was no difference in plasma and red cell volume among the 4 resistance exercise bouts. The estradiol and SHBG plasma levels did not change in relation to supplementation, training, or resistance exercise bouts.
No significant differences were observed among the trials in sum or with each exercise lifting volume (Table 2).
The absolute data on body composition are shown in Figure 3. There were no significant differences in total body mass, body fat mass, and lean body mass before and after the CLA and PLA supplementation. No difference was observed in intra- and extracellular water (data not shown).
The possible positive effect of CLA supplementation on the body composition of sedentary or physically active subjects has been previously reported (5); however, our study is the first that provides a set of laboratory data in vitro and in vivo and may yield some insight into the possible mechanisms induced by exercise training and CLA in the modulation of testosterone levels in the blood. Considering the lipolytic effect of the CLA that is mediated by an increase in the level of the perilipin A protein and taking into account the role of perilipins in the pathways leading to steroid hormone synthesis, we investigated the effect of this supplementation on the levels of testosterone in vitro in a cell line derived from Leydig cells and in vivo in the blood of physically active subjects after a bout of resistance exercise. The results of this study will help practitioners and coaches to understand if the CLA supplementation can be useful to increase the testosterone synthesis immediately after an acute session of resistance exercise affecting the anabolic phase followed by each strength training session. It has previously been suggested that the acute elevation of testosterone could mediate an anabolic phase after each strength training session, when the muscle is exposed to the anabolic hormone only for a short period (13).
Conjugated linoleic acid induced an increase in testosterone production in our in vitro experiments. This increase in testosterone production after 48 hours of treatment is proportional to the increase in CLA concentration. The mechanism by which CLA may induce an increase in testosterone level is not known. In normal Leydig cells, testosterone production is dependent on cholesteryl esterase activation by cAMP (22) and lipid hydrolysis depends on dislocation of phosphorylated perilipin A/C proteins from the membrane of the lipid droplet (4). The role of perilipin in testosterone synthesis is poorly understood, but it should represent only one of the complex steps of the testosterone synthesis pathway. Considering that the cAMP signaling pathway is inhibited in these cells (22) and also that testosterone is increased after CLA treatment, we can postulate that CLA may induce the activation of perilipin proteins in a cAMP independent manner; therefore, we hypothesize that CLA may have an effect on the steps by which cholesteryl esterase leads to testosterone synthesis in the cytoplasm.
In light of this rise in testosterone synthesis after CLA treatment, we decided to investigate whether CLA supplementation may directly influence testosterone blood levels before and after a resistance exercise bout in humans. The human model was conducted using a resistance exercise bout protocol previously used in literature (3) to increase total testosterone in men. In our study, an overall significant increase in total testosterone and cortisol levels was observed after the resistance exercise, although no difference was seen between interventions. The testosterone and the cortisol results seem to suggest that the resistance exercise program was not markedly stressful for our subjects (i.e., young healthy physically active men). In fact, to induce an acute testosterone response, an acute resistance exercise program needs to contain higher volume and higher metabolic demand in relation of the sex and the age of the subjects tested (23). In humans, the blood level of total testosterone after CLA supplementation after the resistance exercise bouts did not increase significantly as in vitro, although the ES analysis showed a large increase in total testosterone level after CLA supplementation and a moderate increase after placebo supplementation. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation did not affect the estradiol, cortisol, and SHBG blood levels either before or after a resistance exercise bout.
The data obtained in in vivo do not support our in vitro results but, although there was not a significant increase in testosterone synthesis induced by CLA supplementation, our data showed that after a resistance exercise bout and CLA supplementation, there was a potential slightly higher acute elevation of total testosterone. Furthermore, 2 potential limitations of the in vivo study need to be taken into consideration. The in vitro experiments are indicative of a direct effect of CLA on testosterone synthesis, but we do not know the amount of CLA that accumulates in the testis interstitium and what the active doses on Leydig cells in vivo are. To perform our in vivo experiments, we used doses previously used in literature to test CLA on body mass composition and suggested by the CLA food supplement manufacturers, and it is clear that different doses and dosages need to be tested to understand the effect of CLA on testosterone synthesis in vivo. Another potential limitation in the lack of an effect of CLA on testosterone in vivo could be because of the insufficient exercise stimuli induced by the chosen resistance exercise program in our participants.
Studies conducted in animals have shown that CLA is effective in reducing body fat mass, increasing insulin sensitivity, and decreasing plasma glucose levels (12). These results have led to an increased interest as to whether CLA would have the same effects in humans. The studies that investigate the effect of CLA supplementation in people who are overweight indicate that CLA helps to reduce body fat mass without affecting BMI and body weight (9). The effects of CLA supplementation on the body composition of trained subjects, as reported in the literature, are controversial. Pinkoski et al. (21) observed a relatively small increase of lean body mass and a decrease of body fat mass in 76 moderately physically active subjects fed with CLA for 7 weeks, whereas Kreider et al. (18) showed that 4 weeks of CLA supplementation had no effects on the body composition of 23 bodybuilders. The 3 weeks of CLA supplementation did not induce significant changes in total body weight and body composition in our subject. Our results support the data of Kreider et al. (18), showing that CLA supplementation for a short period (3–4 weeks) combined with exercise does not affect body weight and composition.
In conclusion, our results in vitro demonstrated that CLA supplementation may induce an increase in the testosterone levels, whereas, from the in vivo experiment, it is difficult to generalize that CLA supplementation does not affect testosterone synthesis. As acute hormonal responses show the type and the level of stress affecting the homeostasis of a specific population (17), we can conclude that in young healthy physical active men, CLA supplementation does not significantly increase testosterone synthesis after an unmarkedly stressful bout of acute resistance exercise. Additional research on the effect of CLA on perilipins in the pathway leading testosterone synthesis is important to elucidate the possible mechanism by which CLA can help resistance athletes or people who are overweight.
The results of the present study show that CLA may have an effect on testosterone synthesis, although only a potentially slight increase in total testosterone compared with the placebo was observed in physically active men. It means that CLA might be used as an ergogenic aid to increase the anabolic effect of a resistance exercise bout, but further research is needed to understand the physiological relevance of this slight effect on testosterone.
The authors would like to thank the subjects who participated in the study. The authors also thank Dr. N. E. Brooks, Dr. R. Smith, and Mr. A. W. Isaacs (Department of Physiological Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa) for reading and commenting on our article. This study was funded by MIUR ex 60% Prof. Farina Felicia and MIUR ex 60%. This study was funded through a research grant provided to Prof. F. Farina and Dr. G. Morici from Ministero dell'Universita' e della Ricerca Scientifica ex-60%.
1. Bhattacharya A, Rahman MM, Sun D, Lawrence R, Mejia W, McCarter R, O'Shea M, Fernandes G. The combination of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and treadmill exercise lowers gain in body fat mass and enhances lean body mass in high fat-fed male Balb/C mice. J Nutr 135: 1124–1130, 2005.
2. Bird SP, Tarpenning KM. Influence of circadian time structure on acute hormonal responses to a single bout of heavy-resistance exercise in weight-trained men. Chronobiol Int 21: 131–146, 2004.
3. Bird SP, Tarpenning KM, Marino FE. Effects of liquid carbohydrate/essential amino acid ingestion on acute hormonal response during a single bout of resistance exercise in untrained men. Nutrition 22: 367–375, 2006.
4. Brasaemle DL, Subramanian V, Garcia A, Marcinkiewicz A, Rothenberg A. Perilipin A and the control of triacylglycerol metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 326: 15–21, 2009.
5. Campbell B, Kreide RB. Conjugated linoleic acids. Curr Sports Med Rep 7: 237–241, 2008.
6. Chung S, Brown JM, Sandberg MB, McIntosh M. Trans-10,cis-12 CLA increases adipocyte lipolysis and alters lipid droplet-associated proteins: Role of mTOR and ERK signaling. J Lipid Res 46: 885–895, 2005.
7. Di Felice V, Macaluso F, Montalbano A, Gammazza AM, Palumbo D, Angelone T, Bellafiore M, Farina F. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and endurance training on peripheral blood and bone marrow of trained mice. J Strength Cond Res 21: 193–198, 2007.
8. Dill DB, Costill DL. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. J Appl Physiol 37: 247–248, 1974.
9. Egras AM, Hamilton WR, Lenz TL, Monaghan MS. An evidence-based review of fat modifying supplemental weight loss products. J Obes 2011; 2011. pii: 297315.
10. Elmlinger MW, Kuhnel W, Wormstall H, Doller PC. Reference intervals for testosterone, androstenedione and SHBG levels in healthy females and males from birth until old age. Clin Lab 51: 625–632, 2005.
11. Faulconnier Y, Arnal MA, Patureau Mirand P, Chardigny JM, Chilliard Y. Isomers of conjugated linoleic acid decrease plasma lipids and stimulate adipose tissue lipogenesis without changing adipose weight in post-prandial adult sedentary or trained Wistar rat. J Nutr Biochem 15: 741–748, 2004.
12. Gaullier JM, Halse J, Hoye K, Kristiansen K, Fagertun H, Vik H, Gudmundsen O. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans. Am J Clin Nutr 79: 1118–1125, 2004.
13. Hansen S, Kvorning T, Kjaer M, Sjogaard G. The effect of short-term strength training on human skeletal muscle: The importance of physiologically elevated hormone levels. Scand J Med Sci Sports 11: 347–354, 2001.
14. Jensky-Squires NE, Dieli-Conwright CM, Rossuello A, Erceg DN, McCauley S, Schroeder ET. Validity and reliability of body composition analysers in children and adults. Br J Nutr 100: 859–865, 2008.
15. Jeukendrup AE, Aldred S. Fat supplementation, health, and endurance performance. Nutrition 20: 678–688, 2004.
16. Kelly GS. Conjugated linoleic acid: A review. Altern Med Rev 6: 367–382, 2001.
17. Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K, Newton RU, Nindl BC, Volek JS, McCormick M, Gotshalk LA, Gordon SE, Fleck SJ, Campbell WW, Putukian M, Evans WJ. Effects of heavy-resistance training on hormonal response patterns in younger vs. older men. J Appl Physiol 87: 982–992, 1999.
18. Kreider RB, Ferreira MP, Greenwood M, Wilson M, Almada AL. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during resistance training on body composition, bone density, strength, and selected hematological markers. J Strength Cond Res 16: 325–334, 2002.
19. Mizunoya W, Haramizu S, Shibakusa T, Okabe Y, Fushiki T. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid increases endurance capacity and fat oxidation in mice during exercise. Lipids 40: 265–271, 2005.
20. Nomura S, Kawanami H, Ueda H, Kizaki T, Ohno H, Izawa T. Possible mechanisms by which adipocyte lipolysis is enhanced in exercise-trained rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 295: 236–242, 2002.
21. Pinkoski C, Chilibeck PD, Candow DG, Esliger D, Ewaschuk JB, Facci M, Farthing JP, Zello GA. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38: 339–348, 2006.
22. Servetnick DA, Brasaemle DL, Gruia-Gray J, Kimmel AR, Wolff J, Londos C. Perilipins are associated with cholesteryl ester droplets in steroidogenic adrenal cortical and Leydig cells. J Biol Chem 270: 16970–16973, 1995.
23. Vingren JL, Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Anderson JM, Volek JS, Maresh CM. Testosterone physiology in resistance exercise and training: The up-stream regulatory elements. Sports Med 40: 1037–1053, 2010. | Yes |
|Name||SRMSat (Sri Ramaswamy Memorial)|
|Units or mass||10 kg|
|Status||Semi-operational? (Last SatNOGS report with data 2023-04-26 checked on 2023-06-06, but nothing meaningful)|
|Entity||Academic / Education|
Monitor greenhouse gases with grating spectrometer.
The science objective of the mission is to monitor greenhouse gases (GHG), mainly carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Monitor GHG - mainly carbon dioxide (CO2) - in the atmosphere in the near infrared region (900 nm to 1700 nm). A grating spectrometer is employed for monitoring earth-based sources and sinks of anthropogenic and natural sources of GHG. | Yes |
Background: The turnover of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction is regulated in an activity-dependent manner. Upon denervation and under various other pathological conditions, receptor half-life is decreased.
Methodology/principal findings: We demonstrate a novel approach to follow the kinetics of acetylcholine receptor lifetimes upon pulse labeling of mouse muscles with ¹²⁵I-α-bungarotoxin in vivo. In contrast to previous assays where residual activity was measured ex vivo, in our setup the same animals are used throughout the whole measurement period, thereby permitting a dramatic reduction of animal numbers at increased data quality. We identified three stability levels of acetylcholine receptors depending on the presence or absence of innervation: one pool of receptors with a long half-life of ∼13 days, a second with an intermediate half-life of ∼8 days, and a third with a short half-life of ∼1 day. Data were highly reproducible from animal to animal and followed simple exponential terms. The principal outcomes of these measurements were reproduced by an optical pulse-labeling assay introduced recently.
Conclusions/significance: A novel assay to determine kinetics of acetylcholine receptor turnover with small animal numbers is presented. Our data show that nerve activity acts on muscle acetylcholine receptor stability by at least two different means, one shifting receptor lifetime from short to intermediate and another, which further increases receptor stability to a long lifetime. We hypothesize on possible molecular mechanisms. | Yes |
This can also be translated to one compound and another element. There are two elements in the compound. The outside element is more reactive than the element in the compound.
Hey Dad, I was wondering, how is salt made... And why is it important for us?
The reaction occurs and the more reactive element is bound to replace the less reactive element in the compound.
That's a great question. Salt is actually made when two elements combine to make one compound.
The reaction has occurred and one element has been replaced by another. An example could be when silver reacts with hydrogen sulfide. Silver, being a metal, is more reactive and replaces hydrogen: Ag+H2S→Ag2S+H2
Sodium and chlorine are the two elements which form sodium chloride. These are important for muscle function and other bodily functions.
A lot of things that we assume to be very natural actually have interesting scientific explanations behind them.
The two elements are called the reactants. These reactants combine to form a product.
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl. This is the chemical equation for the process. Sodium is a highly reactive metal and chlorine is a poisonous gas. Combined, they become very important. | Yes |
Organic Hibiscus Flavor Concentrate Without Diacetyl
Nature's Flavors Organic Hibiscus Flavor Concentrate contains the richly aromatic and refreshing notes of Organic Hibiscus Flavor. Perfect for your baking needs, the Organic Hibiscus Flavor Concentrate is heat stable and water based. It is also an excellent compliment to your beverage mixes. The concentrate contains no sweetners and requires minimal application due to the potency of the concentrate. Ingredients: Water, Organic Gum Acacia, Organic Flavors.
IngredientsOrganic Concentrates Contain: Water, Organic Cane Sugar, Organic Gum Acacia, Natural Flavors, and Organic Citric Acid | Yes |
UV: Ultraviolet radiation from the sun. UV radiation has been identified as a proven human carcinogen by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the World Health Organization.
UVA: Long-wave rays from the sun. They play a major role in skin aging and wrinkling; contribute to and may even initiate the development of skin cancers.
UVB: Short-wave rays from the sun. They are the chief cause of skin reddening and sunburn. They play a key role in the development of skin cancer and contribute to tanning and skin aging.
SPF: Sun protection factor. The standard used to measure the effectiveness of sunscreens (measures UVB only).
UPF: Ultraviolet protection factor. The relatively new standard used to measure how much of the sun's UV radiation is absorbed by fabric (measures UVB and UVA).
Sunburns hurt. Melanoma can kill.
The sun's damaging ultraviolet rays are still being scrutinized by health experts, but a new wrinkle in sun protection is giving parents another line of defense in shielding their children from later skin damage.
In addition to sunscreens, with their well-known SPF ratings (for sun protection factor), certain clothing now comes with UPF ratings to measure the amount of ultraviolet protection.
Signal Mountain resident Renee Robinson Shoop, mother of two preschoolers, said that in addition to applying sunscreen she dresses her daughters in rash guard shirts and shorts as well as hats with UPF protection to minimize their sun exposure. Their swimsuits are rated UPF 50, blocking 98 percent of the sun's UV radiation. Regular swimwear can rate as low as UPF 5.
"I'm very concerned about protecting their skin from the sun," Shoop said. "It's not just burns - any tan is unhealthy and increases the risks of skin cancer later in life."
Katrina Craven of Chattanooga also insists that her young daughter, Jocelyn, wear UPF swimsuits.
"It's definitely important to me," she said. "All the medical literature I read and everything I hear from her pediatrician is to protect your children from early sun damage. The swimsuit is another layer of protection. It gives me piece of mind because she loves to be outside."
The UPF rating system measures the ultraviolet protection provided by the fabric. Unlike sunscreens' SPF ratings, which gauge ultraviolet-A rays only, UPF ratings measure both ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B rays. Both UVA and UVB radiation have been linked to skin aging, wrinkling and cancer, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation.
Michael Hubsmith, an executive vice president of Coolibar, said his company's sun protection clothing (made for children and adults) offers 98 percent protection against UVA and UVB rays for the life of the garment.
"We work with proprietary fabrics we've developed that use the main ingredient from broad-spectrum sunscreens, and they're incorporated into the fiber so they can never wash or wear off," Hubsmith said. "It's mostly titanium dioxide, but we also have a very successful zinc oxide fabric that we call 'ZnO Suntect.' If you look at sunscreen, you'll see the primary active ingredients are titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, or a combination of the two."
The UPF clothing is as easily maintained as regular clothing, according to Hubsmith. "Many of our UPF 50+ shirts are machine wash, tumble dry; and swimwear is machine wash, line dry," he said.
The Skin Cancer Foundation, Melanoma International Foundation and American Academy of Dermatology have endorsed Coolibar's apparel.
Another new product may make fun in the sun safer for children who get squirmy when sunscreen is applied. Sunbow sunscreens, available in a zinc oxide cream, spray or stick, go on in vivid hues - a SpongeBob SquarePants yellow and Dora the Explorer pink or blue - that fade into the skin.
"Children respond to the characters and then with the sunscreen being applied in colors and then 'magically' disappearing when rubbed in makes children stay still and not run away," said developer Andy Gershon.
Sunbow protects against UVA and UVB rays and has a bubblegum fragrance. The products have SPF 30 and 45 ratings, considered adequate protection, and are free of oxybenzone and octinoxate, which some studies suggest can be hazardous. | Yes |
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BioFocus is a collaborative drug discovery company providing an integrated platform of expertise and technologies in medicinal chemistry and biological screening to the global biopharmaceutical industry. Designed to accelerate clients’ discovery programmes, BioFocus’ products and services are offered on a flexible basis and include diverse or targeted (SoftFocusTM) screening libraries, assay development, high-throughput screening, hit-to-lead optimisation and all associated informatics. Clients have access to propriety technologies such as Predictive Array DesignTM
(a patented library design methodology) and a range of proprietary screening platforms. The company has specialized expertise in Kinase, GPCR and ion-channel targets and offers or is developing opportunities for drug discovery partnerships in these areas. Current partners include Aventis Cropscience, Biovitrum, GlaxoSmithKline, Millennium, Oxford GlycoSciences, Pfizer, Roche and Teijin.
Chesterford Research Park
Phone: +44 1799 533 500
Fax: +44 1799 531 495
Onno van de Stolpe talks to Fintan Walton, about Galapagos' current business model and overall strategic outlook. They discuss the integration of BioFocus following its acquisition by Galapagos in Nov...
BioFocus is a collaborative drug discovery company providing an integrated platform of expertise and technologies in medicinal chemistry and biological screening to the global biopharmaceutical indust...
Galapagos was founded in 1999 as a joint venture between Crucell (formerly IntroGene) and Tibotec. From the start, Galapagos has operated a hybrid business model, combining internal discovery programs...
We are a genomics based drug discovery company, that has drug discovery programs based on proprietary disease modifying drug targets. Our vision is to bring novel drugs to the market in selected disea...
BioFocus will provide customer satisfaction through the provision of products and services of the highest scientific and technical excellence, delivered in a timely and professional manner, meeting th...
Discovery Partners recently completed the sale of all of the stock of Discovery Partners’ operating subsidiaries and all of Discovery Partners’ material operating assets pursuant to a stock and as...
We have published hundreds of BioFocus news stories on BioPortfolio along with dozens of BioFocus Clinical Trials and PubMed Articles about BioFocus for you to read. In addition to the medical data, news and clinical trials, BioPortfolio also has a large collection of BioFocus Companies in our database. You can also find out about relevant BioFocus Drugs and Medications on this site too.
Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing as well as dispensing drugs and medicines. It is a health profession that links health sciences with chemical sciences and aims to ensure the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs. The scope of...
Clinical Approvals Clinical Trials Drug Approvals Drug Delivery Drug Discovery Generics Drugs Prescription Drugs In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which drugs are dis... | Yes |
Sponsored by the George & Christine Sosnovsky Endowment Fund
Trained as an organic chemist, Lawrence J. Marnett “followed his nose” into cancer research. During his graduate and postdoctoral studies, he became interested in the oxidation of membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids.
“At the time, all focus in the carcinogenesis community was on the metabolism of foreign compounds to carcinogenic metabolites,” Marnett says. “There wasn’t much emphasis placed on the possibility that molecules generated in our own bodies might be carcinogenic.”
Although unfamiliar with the methods needed for such research, he began planning experiments to test whether lipid oxidation products damage DNA and induce mutations.
That work paid off. Marnett, 64, the Mary Geddes Stahlman Professor of Cancer Research and professor of biochemistry, chemistry, and pharmacology at Vanderbilt University, is receiving the George & Christine Sosnovsky Award in recognition of research showing pathways by which inflammation leads to cancer and targeting the inflammation-related enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) for early detection of cancer.
Marnett has “used unique approaches to design inhibitors of this critical enzyme and to determine the molecular basis of their activities,” says Stephen S. Hecht, a professor of cancer prevention at the University of Minnesota.
“Larry has made seminal contributions to both our understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation predisposes to cancer and to utilizing this knowledge to develop new COX-2 targeting agents,” adds Andrew J. Dannenberg, a professor of medicine and director of the cancer center at Weill Cornell Medical College.
Marnett was also the first to characterize the chemistry and biology of malondialdehyde-DNA adducts. “The seminal work with the endogenous carcinogen malondialdehyde has ranged from the chemical synthesis of adducts to the crystallographic studies of the interactions with DNA polymerases to the quantitation of such adducts in humans,” says F. Peter Guengerich, a professor of biochemistry at Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center.
Marnett’s colleagues laud his interdisciplinary research. He “has uniquely combined state-of-the-art organic chemistry with molecular biology to produce a highly significant body of work that is likely to have a major impact on early detection and prevention of cancer,” Hecht says.
Marnett received a B.S. in chemistry from Rockhurst College (now University) in Kansas City, Mo., in 1969. He then studied organic chemistry with Ned A. Porter at Duke University and received a Ph.D. in 1973. After postdoctoral appointments at Karolinska Institute, in Sweden, and Wayne State University, he was hired as an assistant professor of chemistry at Wayne State in 1975. In 1989, he moved to Vanderbilt as director of the A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research. He served as the first associate director for research of Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center. Since 2002, he has been the director at Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology.
He has been the editor-in-chief of the American Chemical Society journal Chemical Research in Toxicology since its founding in 1987. In addition, he is a fellow of ACS and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Marnett will present the award address before the ACS Division of Medicinal Chemistry. | Yes |
If you are looking for high-quality products, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry, email: firstname.lastname@example.org
About Cobalt Boride CoB Powder:
Cobalt boride is an inorganic compound whose general formula is CoxBy. The two main types of cobalt boride are Cob and Co2B. These are refractory materials. Prismatic rhombic crystal. Cobalt boride is highly magnetic. Soluble in nitric acid, aqua regia.Decompose in water. Cobalt boride is prepared by reducing cobalt salts such as cobalt nitrate (II) by sodium borohydride when used as a catalyst. Before reduction, the surface area of the catalyst is maximized by supporting the salt on another material; Usually, this material is activated carbon.
Tungstenmolybdenummetals is a trusted global Cobalt Boride CoB Powder supplier. Feel free to send an inquiry about the latest price of Cobalt Boride at any time.
Product Performance of Cobalt Boride CoB powder:
The chemical formula of cobalt boride is CoB with a molecular weight of 69.74. It is a prismatic orthorhombic crystal with strong magnetic properties. Cobalt boride is soluble in nitric acid and aqua regia and decomposes in water.
Technical Parameter of Cobalt Boride CoB powder:
Chemical Composition of Cobalt Boride CoB powder:
How is Cobalt Boride CoB Powder Produced?
Cobalt boride is produced at temperatures such as 1500°C. Cobalt boride coating was prepared on iron by the boriding method. First, FeB and Fe2B coating was introduced. The size of cobalt-cobalt-boride nanoparticles deposited on the FeB coating is in the range of 18 ~ 22 nm using the encapsulation cementing process.
Applications of Cobalt Boride CoB Powder:
Cobalt boride is known to have special antioxidant properties, a chemical property that makes them useful in the field of materials science. For example, studies have shown that when used as a coating, cobalt boride can increase the life of metal parts and give surfaces higher corrosion and wear resistance. In the biomedical field, these properties have been used to design specialized drug delivery systems.
Cobalt boride is also being investigated as a catalyst for hydrogen storage and fuel cell technology.
Cobalt boride is also an effective hydrogenation catalyst for organic synthesis. In one study, Cobalt boride was found to be the most selective transition metal-based catalyst for primary amine production by nitrile reduction, even surpassing other cobalt-containing catalysts.
Packing & Shipping of Cobalt Boride CoB powder :
We have many different kinds of packing which depend on the cobalt boride CoB powder quantity.
Cobalt Boride CoB powder packing: vacuum packing, 100g, 500g or 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
Cobalt Boride CoB powder shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.
Cobalt Boride Properties
|Cobalt(II) Boride, cobalt boride, CoB
|Solubility in H2O
Cobalt Boride Health & Safety Information | Yes |
Course Title: Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Measurement
Date and Time: December 7-11, 2003 (8:30 am to 4:30 pm)
This course will provide theoretical background, laboratory training and hands-on experience of electrochemical techniques for corrosion measurement. It will include both a/c and d/c methods covering corrosion measurement of standard metal/alloy, painted/coated metal, galvanic corrosion, corrosion under stress corrosion of concrete reinforcement and study of inhibitors. The course will be useful for people entering the corrosion field and for professionals looking for a refresher course.
A. Lecture Topics:
of corrosion and electrochemical measurement.
2. Setting up a corrosion cell
3. Fundamentals of Linear Polarization Resistance method
4. Fundamentals of Tafel Technique
5. Fundamentals of Potentiodynamic Scanning
6. Fundamentals of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
7. Other methods of corrosion monitoring, such as resistance and electrochemical noise
B. B. Laboratory Demonstrations and Hands on Practice
Polarization resistance measurements
2. Tafel Plots
3. Potentiodynamic Scanning
4. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
5. Galvanic Corrosion
6. Corrosion of reinforcing steel
7. Testing of corrosion inhibitors.
8. Corrosion of painted metal
Who Should Attend:
The short course is intended for those who have had some/none prior exposure to corrosion in the form of an introductory short course, undergraduate class, or practical experience. The course will be useful for new engineers/scientists and for professionals looking for a refresher course | Yes |
|Mr. Stephen Edward Foots||Group CEO & Exec. Director||1.59M||1.13k||N/A|
|Mr. Jeremy K. Maiden BA, FCMA||Group Fin. Director & Exec. Director||981.22k||N/A||1962|
|Conleth Campbell||VP of Investor Relations||N/A||N/A||N/A|
|Mr. Thomas Michael Brophy||Group Gen. Counsel & Company Sec.||N/A||N/A||N/A|
|Mr. Anthony Damien Fitzpatrick||Pres of Corp. Devel.||N/A||N/A||N/A|
Croda International Plc creates, makes, and sells specialty chemicals in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia Pacific. It offers adhesives; crop protection additives and adjuvants, speciality additives for agricultural films, and seed enhancement and animal health chemicals; lubricant additives, speciality additives for plastics, coatings and polymers, advanced materials, and vehicle cleaning chemicals; and specialty ingredients for skin care, hair care, sun care, self-tanning, color cosmetics, body care, bath and shower, deodorants, anti-perspirants, depilatories, men's grooming, oral hygiene, and baby care applications. The company also provides bio based phase change materials for building and construction markets; dietary supplements; electronics comprising phase change materials, advanced materials, and polymer additives; chemistries, emulsifiers, fuel and power generation additives, and polymer additives for energy and resource industries; food additives; speciality polymer additives for furniture and wood applications; household, industrial, and institutional cleaning products; lubricants; oleochemicals; industrial chemicals for packaging, print, and paper industries; paints and coatings; active pharmaceutical ingredients for treating illness and diseases; thermal management products; and plastic and rubber products for food packaging, carrier bags and toys, car bumpers, mobile phones, and home appliances. In addition, it offers dermatological ingredients that include drug delivery systems, emollients, and emulsifiers for skin moisturisation, barrier repair, and wound healing; hygiene nonwovens, botanical extracts, tissues, and fibre finishes; and emulsifiers, defoamers, inverters, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, and lubricants for water treatment applications. Croda International Plc was founded in 1925 and is based in Goole, the United Kingdom.
Croda International plc’s ISS Governance QualityScore as of March 1, 2018 is 4. The pillar scores are Audit: 1; Board: 6; Shareholder Rights: 1; Compensation: 2. | Yes |
Salicylic Acid 2% Peeling Complex
FOR MIXED AND IMPURE SKIN
Exfoliating peeling with salicylic acid, it purififies and stimulates in depth the renewal mechanisms of the horny layer giving back to the skin a smooth and bright aspect. Reduces the production of sebum refifining the skin texture. Indicated for mixed and impure skins.
- Exfoliating action
- Improves skin texture
- Astringent and purifying action
- Comedolytic action
- Counteracts post-acne imperfections
30ML PAO 6M 87,3% NATURAL HYPOALLERGENIC NICKEL TESTED PARABEN FREE CLINICALLY AND DERMATOLOGICALLY TESTED
Free shipping on orders over 50€ (Italy only)
Exfoliating peeling containing 2% Salicylic Acid. Salicylic acid belongs to the family of beta-hydroxy acids which, unlike alpha-hydroxy acids, is fat-soluble and therefore has a greater affinity for sebum. It is able to penetrate into the pores, freeing them from anything that clogs them. Mixed, oily and impure skins benefit greatly from this ingredient. The formula is a combined complex of salicylic acid, gluconolactone and alpha hydroxy acids (glycolic and lactic). Associated with these ingredients are hyaluronic acid, urea, sugars, and witch hazel extracts, which minimize any skin reactions from chemical peels. It can also be used in the summer.
Apply in the evening 15-20 drops with a cotton pad on cleansed face and décolleté. Leave on for 5-6 minutes, rinse and apply the usual cream. It is recommended to use it 2 or 3 evenings a week for at least 4 consecutive weeks.
Aqua (Magnetized Water*), Propylene glycol, Gluconolactone, Isopentyldiol, Glycolic acid, Ethoxydiglycol, Sodium hydroxide, Salicylic acid, Glycerin, Lactic acid, Hamamelis virginiana extract, Sodium hyaluronate, Sodium PCA, Urea, Trehalose, Hexylene glycol, Polyquaternium-51, Caprylyl glycol, Triacetin, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin.
- Promo o Box | Yes |
We conduct tests of chemical substances and products in the Good Laboratory Practice system
We provide comprehensive solutions in the field of conducted research
The priority of the SORBOLAB Research Laboratory is the quality of services and tests performed. We carry out research in a reliable, timely and credible manner. We provide services to both international concerns and companies operating on the Polish market.
KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE
On November 25-26.2020, our team participated in the international 20th conference “Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecotoxicology and Risk Management”
On November 24-25, 2020, the Sorbolab representatives participated in the virtual XI International Conference on “Endocrine Disruptors”
On 03-07 May 2020, we participated in the SETAC Europe 2020 scientific conference.
study of residues of plant protection products
in vivo and in vitro studies
preparation and evaluation of histopathological preparations
ecotoxicology of aquatic organisms
ecotoxicology of soil organisms
research on bees and bumblebees
tests of homicidal and repellent effectiveness
chemical substances and compounds
plant protection products
veterinary medicinal products
LABORATORIES OF THE SORBOLAB RESEARCH LAB
In our laboratories, tests are carried out by well experienced professionals holding required qualifications.
The laboratory conducts physicochemical tests, performs analytical instrumental determinations as well as stability tests.
The laboratory conducts research on the impact of products on aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
The laboratory conducts tests of toxicological properties, both in vivo and in vitro.
The laboratory performs a histopathological assessment for toxicological tests conducted in our laboratory, as well as to the needs of other research units.
The laboratory conducts research on the effectiveness of biocidal products, both for professional and home use.
Certificate entitling to perform tests in the Good Laboratory Practice system (GLP)
WE INVITE YOU TO COOPERATION
It is one of the leading laboratories in Poland, carrying out tests of substances and products in the GLP system. | Yes |
Faculty Positions in All Areas of Chemistry
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, China
The College of Chemistry at Nankai University is seeking outstanding candidates for multiple faculty positions in all areas of chemistry at different levels. The newly recruited faculty will be supported with competitive salary and benefits. The startup packages will be negotiated individually.
Areas of Interest
All areas of chemistry, including material chemistry, energy chemistry, environmental chemistry, chemical biology.
1) Tenured associate and full professors at well-known universities and research institutes abroad; recipients of “Cheung Kong Scholar”, “China National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars” other high-level talent programs, under the age of 50.
2) Recipients of “Cheung Kong Young Scholar”, “China National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars” and other high-level young talent programs, under the age of 38.
3) Postdoctoral researchers with strong publication record and more than three year’s postdoctoral research experience in internationally well-known universities and research institutes, under the age of 35.
Applicants should submit their curriculum vitae, summary of research experience, and future research plan to firstname.lastname@example.org. Contact for inquires: Miss Ning Han, telephone: 86-22-2350-0201.
Introduction of College of Chemistry
The College of Chemistry was founded in April 1995 on the basis of Department of Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Science, National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), Institute of New Energy Storage Material and Analytic Center of Nankai.
The Department of Chemistry was founded by professor Zongyue Qiu and professor Shixian Yang in 1921. It is one of the earliest chemistry departments in China. Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry was founded in 1962. The Institute of Polymer Science, the Institute of applied Chemistry, the Institute of New Energy Storage Material and the Analytic Center of Nankai were founded in the 1980s and 1990s.
So far, the College of Chemistry has two departments (Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology), four institutes (Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of New Energy Materials Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry), as well as two research centers ( Center of Analytical Science and Center of Computational Molecular Science).
Currently, the College of Chemistry has 340 faculty members. There are 100 professors and 73 associate professors, including five academicians of Chinese Academy of Science, one academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, nine endorsed professors by Yangtze River Scholar Award program, seventeen winners of National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, one leading talent of National High-level Personnel of Special Support Program, two outstanding young scholars of National High-level Personnel of Special Support Program, two Young Scholars of Yangtze River Scholar Award program, nine winners of National Science Fund for Excellent Youth Scholars, two Innovative Research Group of National Science Foundation and two Yangtze River Innovative Teams of Ministry of Education. At present, the College of Chemistry has 1142 undergraduates, 615 master-level graduate students and 396 PhD-level graduate students.
The College of Chemistry has now gained two doctoral authorization points for first grade disciplines, namely Chemistry and Plant Protection, both of which are national key disciplines. Scientific research and teaching platform, including Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, the National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), the Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), the Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), the National Basic Scientific Research and Teaching Personnel Training Base (Chemical), and the base for Wisdom Absorption for Discipline Innovation in “111 Program”. At present, College of Chemistry of Nankai University has become leading national bases for research and education in chemistry. | Yes |
Determination of proteolytic signature of PR3, CG and NSP4.
A-C. IceLogos representing the P4 to P4′ sites for PR3, CG and NSP4. Amino acids that are most frequently observed (above axis) and least frequently observed (below axis) are illustrated. The number of cleavage sites used to make each iceLogo are listed in the bottom right-hand corner. Residues that are highlighted in black text are significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enriched relative to the frequency that these same amino acids are found in the peptide library (5.2 +/- 0.5%). The amino acid ‘n’ corresponds to norleucine. D. A 4-way venn diagram illustrating the number of unique and overlapping peptide bonds that are cleaved by each neutrophil serine protease. E. A pie chart representing the 40 cleavage sites that are common to the donor samples. ‘Shared’ corresponds to cleavage sites that are derived from more than one neutrophil serine protease. | Yes |
What is Dissolved Ammonia?
Dissolved Ammonia is a colourless, reactive gas that is lighter than air and dissolves readily in water, with a pungent odour. It is commonly used as both a reagent and as a measurement parameter in water and wastewater treatment processes.
Excess Ammonia can damage vegetation, is incredibly toxic to aquatic life and can create an unpleasant taste and smell in drinking water, meaning monitoring is critical.
Dissolved Ammonia monitoring
High concentrations of Ammonia can cause damage and pose health risks, therefore monitoring and maintaining ammonia levels is vital. When not used for disinfection, its presence in a distribution system may indicate leaching from materials used in the pipework construction or water contamination, due to damage in the system. When unwanted ammonia combines with chlorine, it diminishes the disinfection strength of chlorination.
ATi’s Dissolved Ammonia monitoring solutions measure low-level total Ammonia, suited to environmental applications such as river inlet monitoring and waste water final effluent, or free and total Ammonia for the control of chloramination processes.
Our team of experts are on hand throughout the working week to deal with any queries you may have concerning products or service.Get in touch
Dissolved Ammonia monitoring range
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Catch up on the latest from ATi
Chlorine spikes and what they can tell us
Chlorine residuals change during dosing and when the dosing equipment is paused, this is taken as normal operation…Read
Continuous water quality monitoring of Ammonia
On-line monitoring of ammonia in water is of increasing importance due to the growing emphasis on nutrient reduction…Read
Operational & cost benefits with Ammonia monitoring
Following a successful trial, United Utilities has selected ATi as its preferred provider for final effluent ammonia monitoring…Read | Yes |
is a random process driven by the thermal motion of the molecules?
what is the fick's law of diffuction?
in ficks law of diffusion J is?
rate of diffusion per unit time
in ficks law of diffusion D is?
in ficks law of diffusion A is?
area across which diffusion is occuring
in ficks law of diffusion C is?
in ficks law of diffusion X is
distance along which diffusion occurs
what equation is used in diffusion coefficient?
what is stokes einstein equation?
in stoke's eintein equation k is?
in stoke's eintein equation n is?
viscosity of medium
what equation is to be used when calculationg rate of diffusion through a plasma membrane?
how long will a urea gradient impose through a memberane?
how long will glucose and amino acid disspite accross a membrane?
what type of transport occursn when the direction predicted by the electrochemical gradient is followed?
also known as uphill transport?
how is osmotic pressure determined?
number of molecules
how is osmotic pressure measured?
how is osmotic pressure calculated?
Van't Hoff's Law
Van't Hoff's LAw is? | Yes |
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF NOVEL IMIDAZOLE ANALOGS AS HIV-1-RT INHIBITORSAbstract
Molecular docking studies of 102 newly designed N-substituted imidazoles was performed in the non nucleoside inhibitory binding pocket of reverse transcriptase enzyme of wild type as well as resistant strains of HIV-1 virus with PDB ID 1RT2, 1JLB, 3BGR and 1FK9 respectively by using Glide 5.0 to carry out a binding mode analysis of the designed imidazoles. Results generated from this study indicate that most of the compounds dock into the active site of different enzymes such as 1RT2, 1JLB, 3BGR and 1FK9 showing excellent Docking scores comparable to the standard TNK 651. Compounds SRS 21, SRS 34, SRS 45, SRS 46, SRS 73, SRS 76 and SRS 77 exhibited the highest docking scores and were found to be most effective as compared to standard TNK 651.
R. Singh* and S. Ganguly
Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
28 January, 2017
12 April, 2017
17 April, 2017
01 September, 2017 | Yes |
Market Research Report
Global Food Safety Testing Systems and Services Market: Focus on - Technology (PCR, Immunoassay, ICP, Chromatography), Target Tested (Pathogens, Residues, Allergen) and Food Tested - Analysis and Forecast, 2019-2025
|Global Food Safety Testing Systems and Services Market: Focus on - Technology (PCR, Immunoassay, ICP, Chromatography), Target Tested (Pathogens, Residues, Allergen) and Food Tested - Analysis and Forecast, 2019-2025|
Published: September 14, 2020
BIS Research Inc.
Content info: 209 Pages
Delivery time: 1-2 business days
Global Food Safety Testing Systems & Services Market Anticipated to Reach $24.54 Billion by 2025
Market Report Coverage - Global Food Safety Testing Systems and Services
Key Companies Profiled
Key Questions Answered in this Report:
The need for food safety originated because of the highly unregulated market, which cause a high number of cases in foodborne illnesses and food recalls. The concern still persists even in current times, with a far more regulated industry that is gaining traction globally. The rising concerns about contamination of food with pathogens and other detrimental elements, has led to a constant need and evolution of the food safety tests at different levels. Also, global concerns and ongoing incidences regarding genetically modified foods, chemical residues, and other similar issues in foods, had a major impact on the policy-making process in different countries.
The globalization in the food industry is the major challenge in the food safety testing market. Different regional regulations and oversight between countries could result in supply chain uncertainty and will also affect the food safety testing industry.
During the forecast period, food safety testing technologies, such as inductive coupled plasma (ICP) technology, are expected to register the fastest growth rate. These technologies in food safety testing find use in various applications in the food and beverage industry and are used to check upon the characteristics of the product, such as type, count, and metabolites of microorganisms which are related to food spoilage, preservation, fermentation, safety, and foodborne pathogens. Increasing rate of adoption of the rapid technology among the food manufacturers and laboratories coupled with the increasing foodborne illness are the factors supporting the growth of the market.
The key players operating in this market have increased the number of mergers & acquisitions over the recent years, to generate public awareness about their existing and new products and technologies and to compete with the competitors' product portfolio. This strategy has been the most widely adopted one by the players in this market. For instance, in September 2019, 3M Food Safety and Hamilton have partnered to offer food testing laboratories interoperability between the Hamilton foodInspect Nimbus automated multi-channel pipetting technology and the award-winning 3M Molecular Detection System.
The steady rise in the adoption of food safety testing systems and services on the global level has created a buzz among companies to invest in this industry.
Many global companies that offer food testing systems and services also are 3M, ALS Ltd., AsureQuality Ltd., Bio Rad Laboratories, BioMerieux, Merck, Neogen Corporation, Qiagen, SGS SA, Eurofins Scientific, Intertek Group plc., Bureau Veritas SA, and Merieux NutriSciences, among others.
On the basis of region, North America holds the largest share of food safety testing systems and services in terms of value, due to high awareness and product/service availability in the region. Apart from this, South America region is anticipated to grow at the fastest CAGR during the forecast period.
Scope of Study
List of Tables
List of Figures | Yes |
The so-called smart Kd‑concept treats radionuclide sorption processes in natural systems, whereby the smart Kd‑values are mainly based on mechanistic surface complexation (SC) models and ion exchange (IEx). The distribution coefficients may thus vary in time and space depending on the actual geochemical conditions. The concept developed and introduced here is based on a feasible considering the treatment of the most relevant geochemical parameters in the transport code as well as on a pre-calculated matrix of smart Kd‑values that considers the geochemistry-dependence. Sorption is described by a so-called component-additivity approach (bottom-up strategy), i.e. sorption for each element on a particular geological unit (a mixture of a number of minerals) is described as the sum of the sorption of the element on every single mineral fraction. In the first stage this approach is developed for a typical sedimentary system covering rock salt and clay formations in Northern Germany.
The approach requires a comprehensive thermodynamic database including data for SC and IEx for the mineral phases and elements (radionuclides) considered in safety assessment calculations. By defining the most relevant mineral phases in the sedimentary systems in Northern Germany and by reviewing existing sorption data, especially via the Rossendorf Expert System for Surface and Sorption Thermodynamics (RES3T database), crucial data gaps have been identified. Specific batch sorption experiments have been planned and performed to generate lacking data and to test the component-additivity approach. | Yes |
The thermal properties of amorphous and crystalline phases in chalcogenide phase change materials (PCM) play a key role in device performance for non-volatile random-access memory. Here, we report the nanothermal morphology of amorphous and crystalline phases in laser pulsed GeTe and Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films by scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). By SThM measurements and quantitative finite element analysis simulations of two film thicknesses, the PCM thermal conductivities and thermal boundary conductances between the PCM and SThM probe are independently estimated for the amorphous and crystalline phase of each stoichiometry.
Bosse, J. L., Timofeeva, M., Tovee, P. D., Robinson, B. J., Huey, B. D., & Kolosov, O. V. (2014). Nanothermal characterization of amorphous and crystalline phases in chalcogenide thin films with scanning thermal microscopy. Journal of Applied Physics, 116(13), 134904. | Yes |
UK Prime Minister Theresa May stood up to update the House of Commons following her visit to Brussels, where she successfully made her case against Russia.
“No other country has the capability, intent, or motive for the attack.”
Which failed still to provide actual evidence.. but one could argue – if one were so inclined – that Washington (or its NATO generals) have the capability, intent, and motive to undertake such a messy attack.
To cheers, she said:
“Today 18 countries have announced their intention to expel more than 100 intelligence officers” in what she described as the “largest collective expulsion of Russian intelligence officers in history.”
She warned that the “challenge of Russia is one that will endure for years to come.”
May insists she has been led by evidence not speculation:
“We have information indicating that Russia has investigated ways of delivering nerve agent and has stockpiled small amounts of novichoks.”
Additionally, she said 130 people in Salisbury may been exposed to the agents used and that Russia came up with “preposterous theories.”
However, as May makes her case – ever more Colin-Powell-like – a Russian official claims that the United States was developing a similar if not identical nerve agent in the 1990s as the one which was used on Russian double-agent Sergey Skripal and his daughter Yulia Skripal.
The claim was made by Igor Rybalchenko – head of the laboratory for chemical and analytical control of the scientific center of the Russian Defense Ministry, who says – without evidence (as are the UK’s claims against Russia), that the A-234 compound in the “Novichok” family of nerve agents was published into a database maintained by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS).
“The fact is that back in 1998 when we looked through another version of the spectral library, which was published by the National Bureau of Standards of the United States (NBS), we found a substance there that we found interesting since it was an organophosphorus substance. And we realized that it must have a strong lethal effect. Now it turns out that, judging by the name of this substance, it was just the same nerve agent, A-234,” Igor Rybalchenko said. -Sputnik
The substance was said to be heavy and volatile based on its molecular formula and molecular weight, and that it was also available at the UK’s Porton Down laboratory.
“I affirm that it exactly corresponds to the formula published by Mirzayanov (Vil Mirzayanov, a Soviet chemist who moved to the USA and the author of the book on the A-234 gas). The chemical name of this substance is A-234 and was named “Novichok” by Boris Johnson, as a substance available in the Porton Down laboratory,” Rybalchenko said.
That said, due to the fact that the Novichok’s chemical structure was never formally classified, according to Professor Alastair Hay at Leeds University, it’s possible that the UK has some of the agent.
It is quite likely that some government laboratories made minute quantities and storied their characteristics in databases, so that their identity could be confirmed at a later stage if found as an unknown poison in someone’s blood, he adds.
Whether this has happened in the UK’s chemical defence laboratory is not known. -BBC
The UK has brushed off Moscow’s allegations that it could have produced the toxin as “absolute nonsense,” as the Kremlin has also made similar claims that Novichok has been produced in Sweden, Slovakia and the Czech Republic – all of which have denied doing so.
Russia’s ambassador to the U.N. has insisted that the development of Soviet-era nerve agents ceased in 1992, and that existing stockpiles were destroyed in 2017.
Moreover, Rybalchenko says that the substance was added to the U.S. database by a member of the Army Armament Research and Development Center.
“The most interesting detail in this story is in the following versions of the database, which usually only expand, they are constantly replenished, more and more substances, we did not find this record. And I can’t explain where is it now,” the Russian military chemist said.
In other words – you’ll have to take his word for it unless evidence of the entry in the 1998 database surfaces. | Yes |
There are a lot off suppliers providing 304 corrugated stainless steel sheet on okchem, mainly located in Asia. The 304 corrugated stainless steel sheet products are most popular in India, Pakistan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Brazil, Russia, Mexico, United States, Turkey, Germany, etc.
904L Stainless Steel Tubes |SS 904L Tubes Stainless What is 904L Stainless Steel Tubes? SS 904L Tube is a fully austenic low-carbon variety of stainless steel with additives of molybdenum and copper. INOX 904L Tubes high nickel and chromium content make it corrosion resistant in both oxidizing and reducing environments. The copper and molybdenum help to make Alloy 904L Tubes resistant to pitting as well as crevice corrosion.
Mirror Stainless Steel Plate, Stainless Steel Plate, Stainless Steel Sheet manufacturer / supplier in China, offering ASTM AISI Laser PVC Coated Bending 304 Stainless Steel Plate, Building Material Zinc Galvanized Corrugated Roofing Steel Zinc Sheet, Golden Color Steel Sheet Color Steel Coil and so on.
China 2b Finish Inox Ss 316 316L Stainless Steel Coil Stainless Steel Plate, Cr Stainless Steel, Stainless Steel Sheet manufacturer / supplier in China, offering 2b Finish Inox Ss 316 316L Stainless Steel Coil Price, Gi Galvanized Steel Sheet Corrugated Roofing Sheet, Dx51d Hot Dipped Gi Zinc Coated Galvanized Steel Zinc Sheet and so on.
China 304 316L Food Grade Stainless Steel Sheet for Stainless Steel Plate, Inox Coil, Golden Stainless Steel Plate manufacturer / supplier in China, offering 304 316L Food Grade Stainless Steel Sheet for Kitchen and Tableware, 304 No. 4 Stainless Steel Plates with PVC and Good Packages, 201 Mirror 4K 8K Ba Stainless Steel Sheets and so on.
The 304L stainless steel coil, also known as ultra-low carbon stainless steel, is a versatile stainless steel material widely used in the production of equipment and machine parts that require good comprehensive performance (corrosion and molding). Company Information S.H.C Stainless Steel Group. was founded in 2005, is a professional engaged
China SS304 Color Decorative Stainless Steel Sheet for Decroative Stainless Steel Sheet, Color Stainless Steel Plate, 304 Decorative Stainless Steel Plate manufacturer / supplier in China, offering SS304 Color Decorative Stainless Steel Sheet for Steel Panel, PPGI Galvanized Color Coated Corrugated Steel Roofing Sheet, Building Material Colorful Galvanized Corrugated Steel Roofing Sheet and so on.
China Ss SUS 304 316 316L Stainless Steel Sheet Metal 316L Stainless Steel Sheet, 304 Stainless Steel Sheet, Stainless Steel Sheet manufacturer / supplier in China, offering Ss SUS 304 316 316L Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Price Per Kg 904L, Large Size Stainless Carbon Steel 90 Deg Steel Elbow, Stainless Elbow DN80 Sch40 304 316 316L Grade Elbow Steel Bend and so on.
Shanghai Yilok Metal Co. - Embossed finish corrugated cheap stainless steel sheet price Price Range:1100-4500usdProduct Descri
High Tensile 904L 310S 304 201 Mirror Finish Stainless China High Tensile 904L 310S 304 201 Mirror Finish Stainless Steel Plates, Find details about China Steel, Steel Plate from High Tensile 904L 310S 304 201 Mirror Finish Stainless Steel Plates - WUGANG CHANG YU LONG INDUSTRY AND TRADE CO., LTD.
Shanghai Shuo Bao Steel Co., Ltd201 Stainless Steel Sheet/Plate. 304 stainless steel Corrugated Roofing Sheet. 201 Stainless Steel Welded Pipe/Tube. News. LME Nickel Nickel price momentum seems to have recovered again. LME nickel prices increased at a quicker pace in May. The increases continued through the beginning of June, driving prices to 2014 highs.
904L is a high-alloy austenitic stainless steel with low carbon content. The grade is intended for use under severe corrosive conditions. It has been application proved over many years and was originally developed to resist corrosion in dilute sulfuric acid.
Stainless Steel Corrugated Sheet - Manufacturers We are a prominent firm, engaged in offering our respected clients with an exclusive range of Corrugated Stainless Steel Sheet . Visakha Roofing Industries Auto Nagar, Visakhapatnam Plot No. 198/3, D Block,, Auto Nagar, Visakhapatnam - 530012, Dist. Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Wuxi Ruizhen Stainless Steel Products Co., ltd.Wuxi Ruizhen Stainless Steel Products Co., ltd.was established in 2008 and is located in Jiangsu Province which is Chinas largest stainless steel production base ,specializes in manufacturing and selling stainless steel products. We are also the first-class agent of Chinese famous steel brand of TSICO, BAOSTEEL, JISCO, ZPSS, etc.
2,393 corrugated stainless steel sheet price products are offered for sale by suppliers on , of which steel sheets accounts for 31%, stainless steel sheets accounts for 18%. A wide variety of corrugated stainless steel sheet price options are available to you, such as aisi, jis, and astm.Tisco Baosteel Cold Rolled 904L 304 321 2b Stainless Steel China Tisco Baosteel Cold Rolled 904L 304 321 2b Stainless Steel Plate, Find details about China Steel, Steel Plate from Tisco Baosteel Cold Rolled 904L 304 321 2b Stainless Steel Plate - Qingdao Hengcheng Steel Co., Ltd. | Yes |
Hydra-protective cream: This melt-in cream ensures to babies, skin perfectly protected all day long, enveloping it in a delicately scented veil of softness.
Moisturizes: 1st Cream optimally moisturizes children’s sensitive skin, thanks to Uriage Thermal Water and Glycerin.
Protects: It combines all of the beneficial properties of Uriage Thermal Water, glycerin and cornflower water with an original protective agent that boosts the skin’s natural defenses against external aggressions.
How to use: Apply morning and/or at night to perfectly dry and clean skin.
AQUA (WATER, EAU) , CETEARYL ETHYLHEXANOATE, GLYCERIN, BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA) BUTTER , CETYL ALCOHOL, HYDROGENATED POLYISOBUTENE , GLYCERYL STEARATE, OCTYLDODECYL PCA, PEG-100 STEARATE , OLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE, POLYSORBATE 60 , DIMETHICONE ,PARFUM (FRAGRANCE), ACRYLATES/C10-30 ALKYL ACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER, CHLORPHENESIN, PIROCTONE OLAMINE , XANTHAN GUM .TROMETHAMINE, o-CYMEN-5-OL, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, CENTAUREA CYANUS FLOWER WATER
HOW TO USE
This melt-in cream ensures to babies, skin perfectly protected all day long, enveloping it in a delicately scented veil of softness. | Yes |
Interfacial catalysis and lignin nanoparticles for strong fire- and water-resistant composite adhesives†
Wood is increasingly replacing concrete to reduce CO2 emissions in buildings, but fossil-based adhesives are still being used in wood panels. Epoxidized lignin adhesives could be a potential replacement, but their preparation has so far required low-molecular weight lignin and long reaction times. Here we show a new efficient method to produce epoxidized kraft lignin (EKL) from regular kraft lignin by using interfacial catalysis. We demonstrate that EKL combined with biocolloids in the form of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) produces a strong adhesive comparable to commercially available ones when cross-linked at 130–160 °C for only 3–5 minutes. The adhesive was free of phenol or formaldehyde, had a lignin content of over 80% and still showed impressive wet strength and incredible thermal stability. The process was shown to be scalable and environmentally more sustainable than resins from fossil-based feedstock or currently available ones from renewable resources. | Yes |
The object of research is the dispersed reinforcement with polypropylene fiber of expanded clay concrete produced by using local raw materials. The purpose of this study is to select the optimal reinforcement ratio of expanded clay concrete containing polypropylene fiber. It is also proposed to investigate which variation of adding fiber is most effective (as an admixture with a constant content of the binding material or instead of cement mass). Method. Polymer fiber reinforcement should be added to the dry mix, thoroughly mix all the components and only then add water to the mix. In case of non-observance of this condition, it is impossible to achieve a homogeneous distribution of fiber in the hardened concrete, and therefore, the effect of disperse reinforcement will be reduced to zero. Results. As a result of investigations, special attention must be paid to the correct preparation technology at the time of concrete mixture preparation. Otherwise, the polymer fiber introduction will have a negative effect. In this case, the coarse aggregate use is a significant condition. The secant modulus of elasticity will decrease by more than two times if the diameter of expanded clay grains increases. It is recommended to use expanded clay gravel with smaller fractions in accordance with investigations. The maximum and minimum allowable content of polypropylene fiber are 0.5–1.5 %. The compressive cube strength increase of expanded clay concrete by polypropylene fiber is achieved by this allowable content in comparison with unreinforced expanded clay concrete with a similar concrete mixture. The most effective is reinforcement ratio of 1.5 %, and the maximum compressive strength increase by 14 %. The polypropylene fiber should be added in a percentage ratio depending on the cement mass with constant cement content in accordance with investigations. The fiber introduction instead of cement by mass negatively affects the strength characteristics. | Yes |
Sj Series Double Impeller Leaching Tank Mining Equipment :
SJ series double-impeller leaching tank is also used in metallurgy, chemical industry and light industry. In carbon slurry process and cyanide process, SJ series double-impeller leaching tank should be used together with carbon screen, carbon pulp and other auxiliary equipment. features. reasonable structure and high transmission efficiency;gold extraction equipment. home products. double impeller leaching tank air elevator carbon-separating screen desorption electrowinning yantai rhyther mining machinery coltd specializes in designing, manufacturing, installing, and commissioning mine concentration equipment. follow us.double-impeller leaching tank is a equipment used for gold cyanidation leaching process and absorption, two transmission ways, one is the planet-cycloid reducer drive; the other is the plane envelope reducer drive. this equipment working conditions: pulp concentration 45%, pulp concentration 1.4 structure and working principlesika works guangzhou. phone: 8222 1771. sales email protected india. contact US agitator mining mixing tank machine. aug 19, 2018 china making mineral processing durable tank agitator mixing tank ,agitator mining mixing agitator tank xjt gold leaching plant leaching. contact US double impeller leaching agitation tank for gold ore
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double-impeller leaching tank admin 00. desorption electrolytic equipment desorption electrolytic equipment admin 00. air lift pump air lift pump admin 00. dzs linear vibration screen dzs linear vibration screenjinpeng have a very strict quality management for equipment production,and have passed the iso 2008 international quality certification. several large automatic cnc cutting machine, cnc automatic welding machine, meters cnc vertical lathe, cnc lathe, cnc boring machine,and has the longest meters large lathe in shandong, all of this can guarantee the accuracy of the equipment cyanide heap leach mining equipment for sale gold leaching tank, gold leaching tank suppliers and gold cyanide leaching plant gold leaching tank double-impeller leaching tank is a equipment used for gold cyanidation leaching process and absorption, two transmission ways, one is the planet-cycloid reducer drive; the other is the plane envelope improvement: leaching agitation tank for gold extraction with double impeller, uniform mixing, low energy consumption; the impeller coated by rubber, long service life; multi points to give gas, uniform inflation. this double impeller leaching and the agitating tank is used in carbon paste flow and cyanidation process.
Double Impeller Leaching Stirred Tank Jinpeng Mining:
double impeller leaching stirred tank. compare double impeller leaching stirred tank with the ordinary mixing tank, it adopts the double impeller, the mixing of pulp can be more uniform, in terms of energy consumption, the more saving energy. the impeller use wrapping adhesive technology, long service life, moral give in to the gas use is for gas, air evenly.compare double impeller leaching tank with the ordinary mixing tank, it adopts the double impeller, the mixing of pulp can be more uniform, in terms of energy consumption, the more saving energy. the impeller use wrapping adhesive technology, long service high efficiency cil plant double impeller leaching tank easy install gold cip cil plant find complete details about high efficiency cil plant double impeller leaching tank easy install gold cip cil plant,cip gold processing plant,gold processing plant with low price,gold mining equipment from mineral separator supplier or manufacturer-henan xingyang mining machinery manufactorydouble-impeller leaching tank is a equipment used for gold cyanidation leaching process and absorption. | Yes |
Usually higher the content of CaCO 3 in soil, the higher is the fixation of phosphate. Phosphate may be adsorbed on the surface of calcium carbonate particles. The solubility of phosphatic minerals has also been found to be depressed in the presence of CaCO 3 (due to formation of less/soluble tricalcium phosphate and latter carbonate apatite).
Both organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus are important sources of phosphorus for plant growth, but their availabilities are controlled by soil characteristics and environmental conditions. Phosphorus Fixation. One of the unique characteristics of phosphorus is its immobility in soil.
The Mosaic Company is the world's leading producer of concentrated phosphate and potash crop nutrients as well as a single source global supplier for phosphates, potash, nitrogen fertilizers and feed ingredients for the agriculture industry.
We absorb 1050% of organic phosphorus naturally present in plant foods, about 50% of organic phosphorus naturally present in animal foods and 80 of inorganic phosphorus from phosphate food additives and dietary supplements [26,27]. This means, foods with phosphate additives may be the richest sources of phosphorus that is actually absorbed.
The Plant with an installed annual capacity of 12, 00, 000 metric tonnes of DAP and other phosphatic fertilizers was commissioned in 1986 along with offsite facilities with a km closed conveyor from port to plant site as well as a railway siding, raw material storage yards and a km long pipe rack.
May 23, 2019· When the phosphate bonds are broken, energy is released to activate a series of chemical reactions in plants. If a plant doesn't receive adequate phosphorus, its energy needs can't be fully met. The plant's new growth will be stunted, both at the roots and at the shoots, and as phosphorus deficiency worsens, the plant will eventually shut ...
Phosphates enter waterways through manmade sources also. Per capita we contribute approximately pounds of phosphate yearly to our environment (1). The addition of large quantities of phosphates to waterways accelerates algae and plant growth in natural waters; enhancing eutrophication and depleting the water body of oxygen.
After reading this article you will learn about soil solution phosphate and plant root interactions. Phosphates are absorbed by plants mostly as primary (H2PO4–) and secondary (HPO42) orthophosphate ions which are present in the soil solution. The amount of each species of orthophosphate ions are controlled by the pH of the soil solution. At pH [.]
the importance of phosphorus to plant nutrition. Phosphorus, an essential macronutrient. A potential phosphorus crisis. Plant adaptations to Pdeficiency. References. Phosphorus, an essential macronutrient. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements for plant growth and metabolism.
Nov 30, 2011· The main source of phosphorus for plants is inorganic phosphate (Pi), which is characterized by its poor availability and low mobility. Uptake of this element from the soil relies heavily upon the PHT1 transporters, a specific family of plant plasma membrane proteins that were identified by homology with the yeast PHO84 Pi transporter.
Phosphates Processing. With decades of experience in working with phosphates, we can assist you with all of your phosphate processing needs, whether you're working with granular fertilizers, animal feed, or other phosphate products. We have you covered from a single piece of equipment, to a .
Plant growth, root development, and seed and fruit development are usually reduced in potassiumdeficient plants. Often, potassium deficiency symptoms first appear on older (lower) leaves because potassium is a mobile nutrient, meaning that a plant can allocate potassium to younger leaves when it . | Yes |
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