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Only 25% of Internet Users Trust the Cloud – Survey - pain_perdu https://medium.com/@intelligentvox/we-live-in-the-big-cloud-and-we-hate-it-is-it-time-for-hipster-it-1f130a44d2b8#.axo45awhb ====== flukus Judging by the conversations I've had on HN, a lot of people here will be surprised by this. Personally I'm slowly moving away from the cloud, it simply doesn't give me enough options to do what I want with my data. The most likely effect phrases like "cloud based" and "web app" have is to make me lose interest.

NEXBOX has recently unveiled its new TV Box model, NEXBOX N9. This model comes with a Rockchip RK3229 Quad-core Cortex A7 1.5GHz 64bit chipset. The model also includes a penta-core HD graphics. Coupled with 1 GB of RAM, the chipset delivers stellar performance for using the device along with the HDTV as a mini PC. NEXBOX N9 runs with Android 4.4 OS which is very stable and allows the user to freely install desired apps like YouTube and Facebook. If users like Google apps, they can install the required apps through third-party app stores. The device supports XBMC, and can deliver amazing entertainment through movies, TV shows and music. “Rockchip RK3229 is 2016’s new chipset, and we use it to make our N9 TV Box. We’re more than delighted to share the new products and happiness with our customers. N9 TV Box can change your traditional TV & LCD Monitor into a intelligent platform via WiFi & LAN. This device also allows you to watch lots of free videos, movies and play popular games without monthly bills and restrictions. It will bring you much fun and convenience,” the spokesman of the business said. Now, NEXBOX N9 has been available with a promotional price about $30. Power plugs are provided for different markets like the U.S., the U.K., Australia and Europe. Customers across the world can purchase NEXBOX N9 Android TV box through online retailers and enjoy free shipping service. Moreover, NEXBOX has also introduced its new TV Box model, Amlogic S905X Processor TV Box featuring 64bit VP9 decoding. This new models is equipped with the latest Amlogic S905X, which is a Quad-core CPU with a frequency of clock of 2.0 GHz. NEXBOX specializes in manufacturing and developing popular consumer electronics for global users. The business’ brand is NEXBOX which is well-known for stable premium quality at affordable prices. From hot styles of TV Boxes and Mini PCs， customers are sure to find their own must-have models at iNEXBOX.com

MotoGP French Grand Prix Just days after announcing that he will retire at the end of the 2012 season, Aussie ace Casey Stoner will be out to show that he is still the best rider in the world when he contests the French Grand Prix on Sunday night (AEST). Stoner holds a one point championship lead over Spanish ace Jorge Lorenzo three races into the season and will be confident of extending his lead by adding to his victory around the Le Mans circuit last year. Dani Pedrosa has finished on the podium alongside Lorenzo and Stoner in each of the three races this season and will be bidding for his first victory of 2012, while Andrea Dovizioso will be bidding to go one better than last year, when he finished second to Stoner.

1. Field The disclosed and claimed concept pertains generally to handheld electronic devices and, more particularly, to handheld electronic devices including a first input component and a separate second touch sensitive input component. The disclosed and claimed concept also pertains to methods of outputting the selection of input members of a handheld electronic device. 2. Description of the Related Art Numerous types of handheld electronic devices are known. Examples of such handheld electronic devices include, for instance, personal data assistants (PDAs), handheld computers, two-way pagers, cellular telephones, and the like. Many handheld electronic devices also feature wireless communication capability, although many such handheld electronic devices are stand-alone devices that are functional without communication with other devices. Wireless handheld electronic devices are generally intended to be portable, and thus are of a relatively compact configuration in which keys and other input structures often perform multiple functions under certain circumstances or may otherwise have multiple aspects or features assigned thereto. As a practical matter, the keys of a keypad can only be reduced to a certain small size before the keys become relatively unusable. In order to enable text input, however, a keypad must be capable of entering all twenty-six letters of the Roman alphabet, for instance, as well as appropriate punctuation and other symbols. One way of providing numerous letters in a small space has been to provide a “reduced keyboard” in which multiple letters, symbols, and/or digits, and the like, are assigned to any given key. In order to enable a user to make use of the multiple letters, symbols, digits, and the like on any given key, numerous keystroke interpretation systems have been provided. For instance, a “multi-tap” system allows a user to substantially unambiguously specify a particular character on a key by pressing the same key a number of times equivalent to the position of the desired character on the key. For example, a telephone key includes the letters “ABC”. If the user desires to specify the letter “C”, then the user will press the key three times. While such multi-tap systems have been generally effective for their intended purposes, they nevertheless can require a relatively large number of key inputs compared with the number of characters that ultimately are output. Another example keystroke interpretation system is key chording, of which various types exist. For instance, a particular character can be entered by pressing two keys in succession or by pressing and holding a first key while pressing a second key. Still another keystroke interpretation system is a “press-and-hold/press-and-release” interpretation function in which a given key provides a first result if the key is pressed and immediately released, and provides a second result if the key is pressed and held for a short period of time. Another keystroke interpretation system that has been employed is a software-based text disambiguation function. In such a system, a user typically presses keys to which one or more characters have been assigned, generally pressing each key one time for each desired letter, and the disambiguation software attempts to predict the intended input. Numerous different systems have been proposed. See, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2006/0007120 and 2006/0007121 assigned to the same assignee as the instant application; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,953,541. For example, as a user enters keystrokes, the device provides output in the form of a default output and a number of variants from which a user can choose. The output is based largely upon the frequency, i.e., the likelihood that a user intended a particular output, but various features of the device provide additional variants that are not based solely on frequency and rather are provided by various logic structures resident on the device. When the key and keypad sizes shrink because of the form factor on the handheld electronic device, typing error rate increases. Hence, as the size of keypads becomes smaller and smaller, the issue of multiple key presses becomes more and more important to keypad design. One of the reasons is that the user's thumb and fingers are simply too big for the relatively small sized keys. Therefore, it becomes more likely that the user accidentally hits a nearby key, or even several keys at the same time. On some handheld electronic devices, a key adjacent to an activated key does not respond to stimuli until a set time lag has passed. This prevents unintended sequential pressing of adjacent keys on the keypad. This time lag is one method to reduce the error rate of rapid keying; however, this relatively short delay may impede on users who are intentionally typing adjacent keys in relatively quick succession. There is room for improvement in handheld electronic devices. There is also room for improvement in methods of outputting the selection of input members of a handheld electronic device. Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the specification.

How Much Does it Cost For those not qualifying for the $10 surgery, we have other low income options available. Check the chart to see whether or not you qualify for our low income program which offers the surgery at $20 for males and $25 for females. If you are feeding or caring for a feral or stray cat, please contact the Feral Cat Coalition of Oregon at (503) 797-2606 to make an appointment. You can also click here to visit their website for more information. Feral cat caregivers do not need to qualify under the Spay & Save guidelines. There are no limits to the numbers of cats and kittens that can be brought in per household.

Supermen (anthology) Supermen is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Isaac Asimov, Martin H. Greenberg and Charles G. Waugh as the third volume in their Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction series. It was first published in paperback by Signet/New American Library in October 1984. The first British edition was issued in paperback by Robinson in 1988. The book collects twelve novellas, novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, together with an introduction by Asimov. Contents "Introduction: Super" (Isaac Asimov) "Angel, Dark Angel" (Roger Zelazny) "Worlds to Kill" (Harlan Ellison) "In the Bone" (Gordon R. Dickson) "What Rough Beast?" (Damon Knight) "Death by Ecstasy" (Larry Niven) "Un-Man" (Poul Anderson) "Muse" (Dean R. Koontz) "Resurrection" (A. E. van Vogt) "Pseudopath" (Philip E. High) "After the Myths Went Home" (Robert Silverberg) "Before the Talent Dies" (Henry Slesar) "Brood World Barbarian" (Perry A. Chapdelaine) Notes Category:1984 short story collections Category:Science fiction anthologies Category:Martin H. Greenberg anthologies

The mainstream language of leadership is geared toward deciding and affirming rather than questioning. Yet my recent research finds that – contrary to popular belief – leaders who routinely ask questions become more credible in their roles. Most leaders believe the opposite. They think their questions betray a lack of knowledge that could raise doubts about their competence. While not always untrue, that is only part of a more complex picture, as my co-author Irina Cojuhrenco of the University of Surrey and I explain in a forthcoming paper in Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Why leaders don’t ask questions Our first study, a survey completed by 281 managers, found that only 29 percent of participants asked questions as often as they could. Curiously, the managers also reported that asking questions was a great way to elicit trust, input and help – as well as to display humility. However, they were much less optimistic about how being inquisitive may affect how competent a leader is perceived to be. There’s the rub. The appearance of competence may appear so important that it overshadows other critical factors of a leader’s success such as trust, cooperation from employees, etc. It is not surprising, then, that leaders are wary of asking questions. We proceeded to investigate whether this negative correlation between question-asking and perceived competence actually existed. In four subsequent studies, participants recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform read different versions of scenarios depicting bosses either asking questions, delivering conclusions or admitting that they didn’t know something. They then rated the boss’s perceived competence, humility and trustworthiness as well as their own inclination to help the boss, based on the information in the scenario. We found that for the hypothetical bosses who were described as new in their role and with relatively low qualifications (i.e. whose competence was initially in doubt), asking questions indeed incurred a modest competence penalty. Interestingly, the penalty for asking questions was much lower than that for openly admitting ignorance (“I don’t know…”). Most importantly, however, any penalty for asking questions was largely counterbalanced by a boost in perceived humility. As a result, leaders who asked questions were rated as more trustworthy and participants were more willing to help – compared to those who sought the same information without using questions (like an invitation for input with tentative conclusions). Bosses whose excellent credentials largely eliminated ex-ante doubts about their competence received the same rewards for asking questions – but with no competence penalty attached. Relational humility Question-asking could be construed as just another way of admitting ignorance. So why do people respond far more positively to “Do you know…?” than “I don’t know”? We think that reframing knowledge gaps as curiosity signals what theorists call relational humility, i.e. a humble style that elevates others as opposed to lowering oneself. Relational humility means willingness to view oneself accurately – including observing gaps in personal knowledge, displaying appreciation of others’ strengths and contributions and being eager to learn from others. For leaders, greater relational humility is associated with increased leader effectiveness and translates into increased employee engagement and performance. Inquisitive leaders, then, reap interpersonal benefits over and above the information or solutions their questions are designed to elicit. Caveats to keep in mind These findings contradict the common assumption that the relationship-building benefits of asking questions will always be nullified by a decline in perceived competence. Rather, leaders who frequently ask questions before making decisions can strengthen their interpersonal relationships, while simultaneously improving problem-solving as well as leadership performance. However, they should also be aware of possible competence penalties arising from asking questions. In particular, women – and others whose atypical leadership profile may throw their competence into doubt – should ensure to establish their readiness for the role and ability to deliver before adopting a question-heavy leadership style. They should also communicate very clearly that they are the final decision-maker so that asking questions is not mistaken for a deflection of responsibility. Remember, however, that not all questions are worth asking. The “humble” questions included in our studies sincerely invoke the addressee’s unique expertise and insights. More self-serving types of questions – e.g. manipulative ones designed to extract a predetermined answer or lazy ones posed in lieu of doing one’s own homework – are unlikely to register as humble, and therefore may damage rather than boost your reputation as a leader. Making better decisions and building better relationships With these caveats in mind, leaders should not let concerns about seeming less competent prevent them from asking questions. Those who are well-established in their roles or who come with stellar credentials have the least to lose, according to our studies – putting questions to employees won’t damage their standing in the slightest. But the “When in doubt, ask questions” rule of thumb holds true for less secure leaders too. Any moderate competence penalties they may suffer are likely to be balanced out by an increase in the quality of their working relationships. Consider question-asking a solid interpersonal investment that also allows you to make better decisions. Natalia Karelaia is an Associate Professor of Decision Sciences at INSEAD. Don’t miss our latest content. Download the free INSEAD Knowledge app today. Follow INSEAD Knowledge on Twitter and Facebook.

This pattern is what we call the progress principle: of all the positive events that influence inner work life, the single most powerful is progress in meaningful work; of all the negative events, the single most powerful is the opposite of progress—setbacks in the work. We consider this to be a fundamental management principle: facilitating progress is the most effective way for managers to influence inner work life. Even when progress happens in small steps, a person’s sense of steady forward movement toward an important goal can make all the difference between a great day and a terrible one. This pattern became increasingly obvious as the diaries came in from all the teams in our study. People’s inner work lives seemed to lift or drag depending on whether or not their projects moved forward, even by small increments. Small wins often had a surprisingly strong positive effect, and small losses a surprisingly strong negative one. We tested our impressions more rigorously in two ways. Each confirmed the power of progress to dominate inner work life. And this can spur innovation: On days when people have made real progress in work that matters to them, they end the day feeling more intrinsically motivated—turned by their interest in and enjoyment of the work. There’s plenty of research showing that, when people are more intrinsically motivated, they are more likely to be creative. This means that when your subordinates have pulled off a real accomplishment, they may be more open to new, challenging work that calls for creativity. In other words, they should be particularly eager to take on vexing problems and find creative solutions following days of notable progress.

Liushan Liushan may refer to these places in China: Liushan Subdistrict (刘山街道), a subdistrict of Xinfu District, Fushun, Liaoning Towns Liushan, Guangxi (流山), in Liuzhou, Guangxi Liushan, Henan (留山), in Nanzhao County, Henan Liushan, Shandong (柳山), in Linqu County, Shandong See also Liu Shan (207–271), Shu Han emperor Liu Shan (Ming dynasty) (died 1427), Ming dynasty general

Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a 125 kDa tyrosine kinase that is localized to contact points between cells and their extracellular matrix. We have demonstrated that FAK overexpression and upregulation occurred in early stages of tumorigenesis. We have also shown that FAK overexpression suppresses apoptosis, thus providing a survival signal to human cancer cells. Furthermore, our data has recently shown that the amino-terminus of FAK can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells and can bind to a death domain containing serine-threonine kinase, Receptor Interacting Protein, (RIP). In addition, we have identified peptides that bind to the carboxy-terminus of FAK and cause apoptosis. 1 of these peptides contained a sequence homologous to the vascular endothelial growth receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) protein that we have shown to bind FAK. This proposal focuses on the biology of FAK in the development of cancer and on the biological mechanism by which attenuation of amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal FAK signaling causes tumor cell apoptosis. The first specific aim is to define the critical components of the amino terminus of FAK (FAKNT) that are responsible for its pro-apoptotic properties. We will define the portion(s) of FAK-NT that induce loss of adhesion in breast cancer cells and bind to RIP. Next, we will perform functional analyses of different peptides that bind the carboxy-terminus of FAK (FAK-CD), inhibit FAK function, and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. We will define their biological effects in different tumor cell lines to determine if they can induce apoptosis, perform initial binding studies using NMR spectroscopy, and perform site directed mutagenesis to determine which amino acids are critical for interaction with FAK-CD. Finally, we will define the physical interaction between FAK and VEGFR-3, determine the mechanism of survival signaling mediated by this interaction, and examine the relationship between levels of expression of FAK and VEGFR-3 in translational studies of primary human breast cancers. By defining the mechanism of interaction between FAK and its critical binding partners, we will identify novel sites for molecular targeting to induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.

#!/bin/bash # WINDOWS PACKAGING SCRIPT FOR NAEV # Requires NSIS, and python3-pip to be installed # # This script should be run after compiling Naev # It detects the current environment, and builds the appropriate NSIS installer # into the root naev directory. # # Checks if argument(s) are valid if [[ $1 == "--nightly" ]]; then echo "Building for nightly release" NIGHTLY=true # Get Formatted Date BUILD_DATE="$(date +%m_%d_%Y)" elif [[ $1 == "" ]]; then echo "No arguments passed, assuming normal release" NIGHTLY=false elif [[ $1 != "--nightly" ]]; then echo "Please use argument --nightly if you are building this as a nightly build" exit -1 else echo "Something went wrong." exit -1 fi # Check if we are running in the right place if [[ ! -f "naev.6" ]]; then echo "Please run from Naev root directory." exit -1 fi # Rudementary way of detecting which environment we are packaging.. # It works, and it should remain working until msys changes their naming scheme if [[ $PATH == *"mingw32"* ]]; then echo "Detected MinGW32 environment" ARCH="32" elif [[ $PATH == *"mingw64"* ]]; then echo "Detected MinGW64 environment" ARCH="64" else echo "Welp, I don't know what environment this is... Make sure you are running this in an MSYS2 MinGW environment" exit -1 fi VERSION="$(cat $(pwd)/VERSION)" BETA=false # Get version, negative minors mean betas if [[ -n $(echo "$VERSION" | grep "-") ]]; then BASEVER=$(echo "$VERSION" | sed 's/\.-.*//') BETAVER=$(echo "$VERSION" | sed 's/.*-//') VERSION="$BASEVER.0-beta.$BETAVER" BETA=true else echo "could not find VERSION file" exit -1 fi # Download and Install mingw-ldd echo "Update pip" pip3 install --upgrade pip echo "Install mingw-ldd script" pip3 install mingw-ldd # Move compiled binary to staging folder. echo "creating staging area" mkdir -p extras/windows/installer/bin # Move data to staging folder echo "moving data to staging area" cp -r dat/ extras/windows/installer/bin cp AUTHORS extras/windows/installer/bin cp VERSION extras/windows/installer/bin # Collect DLLs if [[ $ARCH == "32" ]]; then for fn in `mingw-ldd naev.exe --dll-lookup-dirs /mingw32/bin | grep -i "mingw32" | cut -f1 -d"/" --complement`; do fp="/"$fn echo "copying $fp to staging area" cp $fp extras/windows/installer/bin done elif [[ $ARCH == "64" ]]; then for fn in `mingw-ldd naev.exe --dll-lookup-dirs /mingw64/bin | grep -i "mingw64" | cut -f1 -d"/" --complement`; do fp="/"$fn echo "copying $fp to staging area" cp $fp extras/windows/installer/bin done else echo "Aw, man, I shot Marvin in the face..." echo "Something went wrong while looking for DLLs to stage." exit -1 fi echo "copying naev binary to staging area" if [[ $NIGHTLY == true ]]; then cp src/naev.exe extras/windows/installer/bin/naev-$VERSION-$BUILD_DATE-win$ARCH.exe elif [[ $NIGHTLY == false ]]; then cp src/naev.exe extras/windows/installer/bin/naev-$VERSION-win$ARCH.exe else echo "Cannot think of another movie quote." echo "Something went wrong while copying binary to staging area." exit -1 fi # Create distribution folder echo "creating distribution folder" mkdir -p dist/release # Build installer if [[ $NIGHTLY == true ]]; then if [[ $BETA == true ]]; then makensis -DVERSION=$BASEVER.0 -DVERSION_SUFFIX=-beta.$BETAVER-$BUILD_DATE -DARCH=$ARCH extras/windows/installer/naev.nsi elif [[ $BETA == false ]]; then makensis -DVERSION=$VERSION -DVERSION_SUFFIX=-$BUILD_DATE -DARCH=$ARCH extras/windows/installer/naev.nsi else echo "Something went wrong determining if this is a beta or not." fi # Move installer to distribution directory mv extras/windows/installer/naev-$VERSION-$BUILD_DATE-win$ARCH.exe dist/release/naev-win$ARCH.exe elif [[ $NIGHTLY == false ]]; then if [[ $BETA == true ]]; then makensis -DVERSION=$BASEVER.0 -DVERSION_SUFFIX=-beta.$BETAVER -DARCH=$ARCH extras/windows/installer/naev.nsi elif [[ $BETA == false ]]; then makensis -DVERSION=$VERSION -DVERSION_SUFFIX= -DARCH=$ARCH extras/windows/installer/naev.nsi else echo "Something went wrong determining if this is a beta or not." fi # Move installer to distribution directory mv extras/windows/installer/naev-$VERSION-win$ARCH.exe dist/release/naev-win$ARCH.exe else echo "Cannot think of another movie quote.. again." echo "Something went wrong.." exit -1 fi echo "Successfully built Windows Installer for win$ARCH" # Package zip cd extras/windows/installer/bin zip ../../../../dist/release/naev-win$ARCH.zip *.dll *.exe cd ../../../../ echo "Successfully packaged zipped folder for win$ARCH" echo "Cleaning up staging area" rm -rf extras/windows/installer/bin

Pharmacological activation of PPAR gamma ameliorates vascular endothelial insulin resistance via a non-canonical PPAR gamma-dependent nuclear factor-kappa B trans-repression pathway. Vascular endothelial insulin resistance (IR) is a critically initial factor in cardiocerebrovascular events resulted from diabetes and is becoming a worldwide public health issue. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are clinical insulin-sensitizers acting through a canonical peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent insulin trans-activation pathway. However, it remains elusive whether there are other mechanisms. In current study, we investigated whether TZDs improve endothelial IR induced by high glucose concentration or hyperglycemia via a non-canonical PPARγ-dependent nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) trans-repression pathway. Our results showed that pre-treatment with TZDs dramatically decrease the susceptibility of endothelial cell to IR, while post-treatment notably improve the endothelial IR both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, TZDs substantially increase the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inhibitory κB alpha (IκBα), whereas decrease those of the phosphorylated inhibitory κB kinase alpha/beta (phosphor-IKKα/β) and the cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), suggesting that TZDs act indeed through a PPARγ-dependent NF-κB trans-repression pathway. These findings highlighted a non-canonical mechanism for TZDs to ameliorate endothelial IR which might provide a potential strategy to prevent and treat the diabetic vascular complications clinically.

London on March 28, 2009. Protest organised Put People First, an alliance of more than 150 unions, and attended by 35,000 people. Photo by Xinhua. Stop press April 2 George Monbiot: G20 protests: Riot police, or rioting police? At the G20 protests in London only one group appears to be looking for violent confrontation – and it's not the protesters. Red Pepper: Death in the City Contrary to media reports, people did not pelt the police as the man who died during the G20 protests was being taken out. Andrew Kendle reports from Wednesday night’s protest frontline. Lenin's Tomb * * * By Eric Toussaint and Damien Millet, translated by Christine Pagnoulle in collaboration with Elisabeth Anne April 1, 2009 -- The G20 summit meeting in London from April 1 onward was loudly announced and publicised. Those 20 industrialised and emergent countries (G20) are meeting to find solutions to the economic crisis. But long before the end of the summit, it is clear that they will not rise to the challenge. The G20 was not created in order to provide genuine solutions; it was hastily summoned for the first time in November 2008 to salvage the powers that be and try and to plug the breaches in capitalism. It is therefore impossible for this body to opt for measures that are sufficiently radical to save the day. Public opinion will be told to look in the two directions that are expected to focus aggravation: tax havens and the CEOs' incomes. Tax havens have to be abolished, that goes without saying. To achieve this it should be easy enough to make it illegal for companies and residents to have any assets in, or relationships with partners located in, tax havens. The EU countries that function like tax havens (Austria, Belgium, the UK, Luxembourg…) as well as Switzerland must do away with bank secrecy and put an end to their outrageous practices. Yet such is not at all the orientation chosen by the G20: a couple of emblematic cases will be cracked down on, minimal measures will be required from those countries, and a black list of non-cooperative territories that will be eventually made public will have been carefully vetted (Luxembourg or Austria have already been promised they will not be on it). On the other hand CEOs' incomes, including golden parachutes and other bonuses, are indeed outrageous. In times of growth the employers claim that those who brought such benefits to their companies had to be rewarded to prevent them from moving to another. Now that we live in a time of crisis and those companies have to admit to increasing losses, the same executives still claim similar rewards. The G20 will try to regulate their incomes for a limited duration. The logic of the system is not questioned. Apart from tax havens and CEOs' superbonuses, which will not be hit by any specific penalties anyway, the G20 countries will further bail-out their banks. Though globally discredited and delegitimised, the IMF will be put back at the hub of the political and economic game thanks to a new provision of funds that will have been made available by 2010. Popular mobilisation needed The G20 strategy is to put a fresh coat of paint on a world that is collapsing. Only a strong popular mobilisation will make it possible to lay solid foundations to build another world in which finance is at the service of people, and not the other way round. The March 28 and 30 demos were big: 40,000 people in London, thousands and thousands in Vienna, Berlin, Stuttgart, Madrid, Brasilia, Rome, etc. with the common motto “Let the rich pay the crisis!” The week of global action called for by the social movements from all over the world at the World Social Forum at Belém in January thus had a gigantic echo. Those who had announced the end of the movement for another globalisation were wrong. It has proved that it is able to bring large crowds together, and this is only the beginning. The success of the mobilisations in France on January 29 and March 19 (3 million demonstrators were in the streets) is evidence that the workers, the unemployed and young people all want other solutions to the crisis than those which consist in bailing out bankers and imposing restrictions on the lower classes. As a counterpoint to the G20 summit, the president of the UN General Assembly Miguel d'Escot, has called a general meeting of heads of states and governments in June and asked the economist Joseph Stiglitz to chair a commission that will draft proposals to meet the global crisis. The suggested solutions are inadequate because they are too timid, but they will at least be discussed at the the UN General Assembly. New debt crisis A new debt crisis is looming in the South, it is a consequence of the real estate private debt bubble bursting in the North. The recession that now affects the real economy of all countries in the North has led to prices of raw material plummeting, which considerably has reduced the strong currency revenues with which governments of countries of the South repay their external public debts. Moreover, the current credit crunch has induced a rise in borrowing rates for countries of the South. The combination of these two factors has already resulted in suspension in debt repayments by those governments that are most exposed to the crisis (starting with Ecuador). Others will follow suit within one or two years. The situation is absurd: countries of the South are net creditors to the North, starting with the US whose external debt is over US$6000 billion (twice the total external debt of all the countries of the South). Central banks in countries of the South buy US treasury bonds instead of setting up a democratic bank of the South to finance human development projects. They should leave the World Bank and the IMF, which are tools of domination, and develop South-South relations of solidarity such as those that exist between countries that are members of ALBA (Venezuela, Cuba, Bolivia, Nicaragua, Honduras and Dominica). They ought to audit the debts they are asked to repay and put an end to the payment of illegitimate debts. The G20 will see to it that the core of neoliberal logic is left untouched. Its principles are asserted again and again, even though they have blatantly failed: the G20 maintains its attachment to a global economy based on an open market. Its support to the god of free market is non-negotiable. Everything else is hocus pocus. [Eric Toussaint is president of the Committee for the Abolition of Third World Debt (CADTM), Belgium (http://www.cadtm.org), author of A diagnosis of emerging global crisis and alternatives (Mumbai: Vikas Adhyayan Kendra, 2009) and The World Bank: A Critical Primer (London: Pluto Press, 2008). Damien Millet is spokeperson for CADTM France. Toussaint and Millet are joint authors of 60 Questions 60 Answers on the Debt, the IMF and the World Bank, English version to be published in 2009.]

Demographics near Evesham Twp, NJ Evesham Twp is located in New Jersey. Evesham Twp, New Jersey has a population of22,990. The median household income in Evesham Twp, New Jersey is $78,523. The median household income for the surrounding county is $68,620 compared to the national median of $49,877. The median age of people living in Evesham Twp is 42.1 years. Evesham Twp Weather The average high temperature in July is 87.8 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 23.2 degrees. The annual precipitation is 48.25.

Phytoplasma: phytopathogenic mollicutes. During the past decade, research has yielded new knowledge about the plant and insect host ranges, geographical distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of phytoplasmas, and a taxonomic system has emerged in which distinct phytoplasmas are named as separate "Candidatus phytoplasma species." In large part, this progress has resulted from the development and use of molecular methods to detect, identify, and classify phytoplasmas. While these advances continue, research has recently begun on the phytoplasma genome, how phytoplasmas cause disease, the role of mixed phytoplasmal infections in plant diseases, and molecular/genetic phenomena that underlie symptom development in plants. These and other recent advances are laying the foundation for future progress in understanding the mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, organization of the phytoplasma genome, evolution of new phytoplasma strains and emergence of new diseases, bases of insect transmissibility and specificity of transmission, and plant gene expression in response to phytoplasmal infection, as well as the design of novel approaches to achieve effective control of phytoplasmal diseases.

Severe demodexfolliculorum-associated oculocutaneous rosacea in a girl successfully treated with ivermectin. There is a limited therapeutic armamentarium for recalcitrant cases of childhood rosacea. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with severe ocular and cutaneous rosacea unresponsive to oral doxycycline, oral isotretinoin, and topical tacrolimus. A biopsy specimen showed numerous mites within the folliculosebaceous unit. Treatment with a single dose of oral ivermectin achieved resolution of her symptoms. The causative role of Demodex folliculorum should be considered in immunocompetent children with rosacea or rosacea-like refractory eruptions. In such cases, treatment with ivermectin can be beneficial.

7 divide v? False Let u be (-22)/(-187) - (-925)/85. Does 27 divide (u/(-33))/(3/9)*-262? False Let a = -4883 + 6676. Is 45 a factor of a? False Let b be (-2)/((-4)/12*3). Suppose r + r - b = 0. Is 3 a factor of 2/(r - (-5)/(-15))? True Let a(u) = 4*u + 22. Let o be a(0). Is 9 a factor of 2*5/20*o*15? False Let i = -978 + 2038. Suppose a - 41 = -5*n + 1735, -3*n = 2*a - i. Is 53 a factor of n? False Suppose 13*w - 48 = 381. Suppose -4*n + 47 + 17 = -o, -n - 4*o + w = 0. Let b = n - -3. Is b a multiple of 4? True Let b = 1208 - -618. Does 16 divide b? False Let i(z) be the first derivative of z**4/4 + 10*z**3/3 - 4*z**2 - 10*z - 4. Let j = -222 - -212. Is 14 a factor of i(j)? True Suppose -3*r - 12 = d, 5*d + 10 = 352*r - 357*r. Suppose 0 = -5*c + 5*m + 396 + 234, -630 = -5*c + 2*m. Is 2 a factor of 20/d + -7*(-6)/c? False Let f be (-403 + 9)*-2*(-3)/(-6). Let n = f - 212. Is n a multiple of 14? True Let l = 17590 - 9791. Does 91 divide l? False Let y = -1398 - -4385. Is 29 a factor of y? True Suppose q + 2*u = 3091 + 1350, 4*u + 22219 = 5*q. Is q a multiple of 37? False Let v(g) = 2*g + 1. Let u be v(2). Suppose -j = 5*z - 10, u*z = z + 3*j + 27. Suppose -5*n + 350 = z*q, -2*q + 3*q = 4*n + 145. Is q a multiple of 19? False Let p(n) = -3*n**3 - 11*n**2 + 6. Let q be p(-3). Let y(c) = c**3 + 13*c**2 + 11*c - 11. Let x be y(q). Is 26 a factor of 8 - (x - (-12)/4) - -126? True Let i = 180 + -173. Suppose -2776 + 235 = -i*d. Is 11 a factor of d? True Let o(v) = 10*v**2 + 4*v - 2. Let i be -6*(-4)/36*-18. Let q = -14 - i. Is 6 a factor of o(q)? True Is (17 - 16)/((-3)/(-31413)) a multiple of 72? False Is 10 - (-58284)/45 - (-12)/15 a multiple of 12? False Let g = 261 - 258. Suppose 4*m = p - 9, p + g*p + 5*m - 99 = 0. Is p a multiple of 3? True Suppose -8*p + 9873 = -17455. Is 7 a factor of p? True Suppose -6*b = 3 + 3. Let t be -10*(3 + (b - -1 - 4)). Suppose -6*q = -t*q + 372. Is 31 a factor of q? True Let s(g) = 32*g + 15*g - 1 - 35*g + 4*g**2. Suppose -t + 4*z = -11 - 4, 0 = 4*t - z + 15. Is 13 a factor of s(t)? True Let s be ((-6)/4 - -1)*(-11 - -1). Suppose 2992 = s*g + 2*w, 16 + 0 = -4*w. Is g a multiple of 20? True Let w be 72/198 - (-51)/11. Suppose -5*j + 8*j - 1197 = -w*u, -1 = j. Is 60 a factor of u? True Let a be (-4)/(-6)*(29 + 1). Suppose 0 = -a*q + 19*q - 6. Is 35 a factor of ((-34)/q)/(2/72)? False Suppose 2*v + 43*x - 4482 = 42*x, 2259 = v + 5*x. Let l = -1327 + v. Is 16 a factor of l? True Suppose -4*x - 2*j - 28 = 0, -9*j + 5*j - 21 = x. Does 10 divide 6/42*2*x*-21? True Let z = 25 + -22. Suppose 0 = -3*y + z*g - 294, -y + 2*g + 110 = -2*y. Is (4 + 48/(-9))*y/4 a multiple of 5? False Let h be (1 - -2 - 4)*(-4 - 0). Let s(b) = 130*b - 44. Is 9 a factor of s(h)? False Let m(d) be the third derivative of d**4 - d**3/2 - 9*d**2 + 12*d. Suppose 3*u + u = 12. Is 23 a factor of m(u)? True Suppose 66785 + 35138 = 4*u - 5*i, -25480 = -u + 2*i. Is 28 a factor of u? False Suppose -73 + 107 = 2*s. Let m = 23 - s. Is 3 a factor of (-5)/((-10)/m) - -28? False Let a be 7 + (-7 - -7) + 1*-2. Suppose -a*r + 318 = -4*v, -5*r - 2*v + 72 = -4*r. Does 9 divide (19/2 - 8) + r/4? True Let o = 33 + -31. Suppose 3*t - 6*f + 123 = -o*f, -f = -2*t - 82. Let b = t - -53. Is b a multiple of 3? True Let s = -95 + 98. Suppose s*h - 335 = -5*j, -9*h + 5*j + 625 = -4*h. Is h a multiple of 16? False Let o(a) = 271*a + 2101. Is 15 a factor of o(-4)? False Suppose 6*s + 3*j - 1763 = s, -5*s = 5*j - 1755. Suppose -5*g - s = -90. Let w = g - -117. Is 32 a factor of w? True Let n(v) = -v**2 + 25*v - 6. Suppose 2*q = i + 2*i - 49, -2*q = 4*i - 42. Is 6 a factor of n(i)? True Let s(z) = -2*z + 18. Let o be s(7). Suppose -o*g + 3*u = -25, 2*g + 0*u = -5*u - 7. Is 15 a factor of (g + 320/25)*(-25)/(-2)? True Suppose 8*w - 38125 - 1001 = 2*w. Is w a multiple of 3? False Let i(b) = b**3 - 6*b**2 + 7*b - 14. Let m be i(6). Let w(k) = -9*k**2 + k - 1. Let g be w(1). Let t = g + m. Is 13 a factor of t? False Let j = -61 - -64. Suppose -u - 5*r + 66 = u, 4*u + j*r = 104. Is 7 a factor of u? False Suppose 4*w = 5*f - 1416, -2*w = -15*f + 20*f - 1392. Does 5 divide f? True Let w(t) = -t**2 + 7*t + 7. Let h be w(6). Suppose -9 = 16*b - 19*b. Suppose -4*i = -12, -32 = -b*y - i + h. Is 14 a factor of y? True Is (-14 + 97)/(-7*36/64 - -4) a multiple of 37? False Suppose 2*t = 3*a + 1110, 2*t - 4*a = 611 + 497. Is 18 a factor of t? True Is -2*(1 - 3) - 5944/(-4) a multiple of 14? False Let b be 1012/10 + 56/70. Suppose b*s - 104*s = -34. Does 10 divide s? False Is 26 a factor of ((-22)/3 + 8)/(22/202125)? False Let j be (-5)/2 - (-438)/(-12). Is (-14948)/(-12) + (-13)/j a multiple of 45? False Let r(a) = -65*a - 230. Let h(d) = -2*d - 107. Let j be h(-47). Does 12 divide r(j)? False Let h(b) = 2*b**2 - 3*b + 3. Suppose -5*c + 3*c = 6. Does 10 divide h(c)? True Suppose -84*p = 59337 - 385761. Does 58 divide p? True Suppose -10*p + 17*p = 8*p + 5*p. Let t(n) = -n**2 - n. Let f(d) = 2*d**2 + 4*d - 47. Let u(k) = -f(k) - 4*t(k). Does 17 divide u(p)? False Let k be 15/(45/(-2)) - (-16)/6. Suppose -5*p + k = -q - 2, p - 5 = 0. Is 2 a factor of q? False Let r be (8/(-10) + 4 + -4)*-30. Let o = -28 + r. Let p = 1 - o. Does 2 divide p? False Suppose 5*j - 13 = 3*z - 0, 1 = -z + j. Let f(v) = -8*v + z*v - v**3 + 14*v - v + 11 - 8*v**2. Is 13 a factor of f(-10)? False Let g = 471 + 7836. Let c = g - 5711. Suppose 0 = 4*f + 7*f - c. Is f a multiple of 21? False Is 6 a factor of 435/(-25)*(-220)/11? True Let m(l) = -l**2 - 12*l + 32. Let c be 83/3 - (-1)/(-6)*4. Suppose -3*n + c = 66. Is m(n) a multiple of 2? False Suppose 140 = 9*u - 5*u. Suppose -9 = -d - u. Let w = d + 116. Is w a multiple of 45? True Let j = -525 + 528. Does 33 divide (j/(-5))/(56/(-10920))? False Is 40 a factor of (-2 - 12336/(-7)) + 158/(-553)? True Let q = 1219 + -863. Suppose -3*m - 182 = -j - 2*m, -2*m = 2*j - q. Is 27 a factor of j? False Let c(y) = y**2 - 4*y - 2. Let d be c(4). Let l(q) = -741*q**2 + 3 - 743*q**2 - 1 - q**3 + 1483*q**2. Is l(d) a multiple of 6? True Let f be 0 + 3 + 0 + 2. Suppose 0 = -h - f*z + 8, 2*h - 4*z - 51 = -7*z. Suppose 2*b + 0*b - 5*k = h, 0 = 3*b + 3*k - 60. Does 17 divide b? False Let m(b) be the third derivative of -29*b**4/8 + 3*b**3 + b**2 - 2. Is 33 a factor of m(-5)? False Let v(a) = 4*a**2 - 12*a - 2. Let y(t) = 2*t + 14. Let g be y(-10). Is 27 a factor of v(g)? False Let d = -40 + 172. Suppose -2*r + 4*o = 94, -3*r - 4*o + o - d = 0. Let h = 15 - r. Does 10 divide h? True Let u be (4/(-6))/(15/((-2025)/30)). Suppose -u*f - f = -3200. Is 5 a factor of f? True Let f = 73 - 61. Is -1 - f/(-2) - -355 a multiple of 30? True Let d be (-2)/4 - (-3 + (-2964)/8). Suppose 14*w - d = 131. Does 12 divide w? True Does 69 divide (-1382670)/(-378) + (-30)/35? True Let x(l) = 21*l + 48. Let u be x(-2). Is 88 a factor of 1074 + 90/u + -7? False Let u = 358 - 104. Let b = 282 - u. Is 18 a factor of b? False Does 7 divide (2/(-4))/(40/(-30)) - (-2114383)/472? True Let d(s) = -4*s - 21. Let g be d(-6). Suppose -m - g*p = -436, -5*m + p + 872 = -3*m. Does 8 divide m? False Let i = 1520 + -1011. Let f be 7 + -9 + 1/(3/1998). Suppose 0 = -5*p + 3*z + f, 4*p = 2*z - 7*z + i. Is 32 a factor of p? False Suppose 3*b = 5*b + 12. Let i be (2 - (-44)/b)/(12/108). Is (i/(-5))/(19/190) a multiple of 12? True Suppose 7*o - 409 = 893. Let k = o + -163. Is 11 a factor of k? False Let k(q) = -5*q**3 - q**2 + 36*q - 11. Is 19 a factor of k(-6)? True Let i(y) = 157*y + 9. Let l be i(5). Suppose 9*h - l = 1942. Is 18 a factor of h? False Let h = 439 - 441. Let s(z) = -99*z + 49. Is 13 a factor of s(h)? True Suppose 4*t + 6 - 2 = 0, -t = -i + 3. Does 29 divide (i - (-2 - 2)) + 23? True Let u(i) = 3*i**2 + 16*i + 18. Let z be u(9). Let r = 863 - z. Is r a multiple of 20? False Is (-1)/(5 - (-216)/(-42)) - -975 a multiple of 10? False Let h = -3496 + 8835. Is 92 a factor of h? False Is 159 a factor of (102*1/(-2))/(13/(-1183))? False Suppose 30 = -5*q - 5*a, -q + 4*q - a + 6 = 0. Let l(r) = 24*r**2 + 11*r + 39. Does 7 divide l(q)? False Suppose -66*x + 6*x - 62*x + 1001742 = 0. Is x a multiple of 51? True Let p = 536 - 536. Suppose -2*s + 3*y + 1764 + 1005 = p, -y = -s + 1387. Is 12 a factor of s? True Suppose 5*o + 4*

Direct-shift gearbox A direct-shift gearbox (), commonly abbreviated to DSG, is an electronically controlled dual-clutch multiple-shaft gearbox in a transaxle design, with automatic clutch operation and with fully automatic or semi-manual gear selection. The first actual dual-clutch transmissions were derived from Porsche in-house development for their Model 962 racing cars in the 1980s. In simple terms, a DSG automates two separate "manual" gearboxes (and clutches) contained within one housing and working as one unit. It was designed by BorgWarner and is licensed to the Volkswagen Group, with support by IAV GmbH. By using two independent clutches, a DSG can achieve faster shift times and eliminates the torque converter of a conventional epicyclic automatic transmission. Overview Transverse DSG At the time of launch in 2003, it became the world's first automated dual-clutch transmission in a series-production car, in the German-market Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32, and shortly afterwards worldwide, in the original Audi TT 3.2. and the 2004+ New Beetle TDI. For the first few years of production, this original DSG transmission was only available in transversely oriented front-engine, front-wheel-drive and Haldex Traction-based four-wheel-drive vehicle layouts. The first DSG transaxle that went into production for the Volkswagen Group mainstream marques had six forward speeds (and one reverse) and used wet/submerged multi-plate clutch packs (Volkswagen Group internal code: DQ250, parts code prefix: 02E). It has been paired to engines with up to of torque. The two-wheel-drive version weighs . It is manufactured at Volkswagen Group's Kassel plant, with a daily production output of 1,500 units. At the start of 2008, another world-first seven-speed DSG transaxle (Volkswagen Group internal code: DQ200, parts code prefix: 0AM) became available. It differs from the six-speed DSG, in that it uses two single-plate dry clutches (of similar diameter). This clutch pack was designed by LuK Clutch Systems, Gmbh. This seven-speed DSG is used in smaller front-wheel-drive cars with smaller-displacement engines with lower torque outputs, such as the latest Volkswagen Golf, Volkswagen Polo Mk5, and the new SEAT Ibiza. It has been paired to engines with up to . It has considerably less oil capacity than the six-speed DQ250; this new DQ200 uses just of transmission fluid. In September 2010, VW launched a new seven-speed DSG built to support up to , the DQ500. Audi longitudinal DSG In late 2008, an all-new seven-speed longitudinal S tronic version of the DSG transaxle went into series production (Volkswagen Group internal code: DL501, parts code prefix: 0B5). Initially, from early 2009, it is only used in certain Audi cars, and only with longitudinally mounted engines. Like the original six-speed DSG, it features a concentric dual wet multi-plate clutch. However, this particular variant uses notably more plates – the larger outer clutch (for the odd-numbered gears) uses 10 plates, whereas the smaller inner clutch (driving even-numbered gears and reverse) uses 12 plates. Another notable change over the original transverse DSGs is the lubrication system – Audi now utilise two totally separate oil circuits. One oil circuit, consisting of , lubricates the hydraulic clutches and mechatronics with fully synthetic specialist automatic transmission fluid (ATF), whilst the other oil circuit lubricates the gear trains and front and centre differentials with of conventional hypoid gear oil. This dual circuit lubrication is aimed at increasing overall reliability, due to eliminating cross-contamination of debris and wear particles. It has a torque handling limit of up to , and engine power outputs of up to . It has a total mass, including all lubricants and the dual-mass flywheel of . This was initially available in their quattro all-wheel-drive variants, and is very similar to the new ZF Friedrichshafen-supplied Porsche Doppel-Kupplung (PDK). List of DSG variants Operational introduction The internal combustion engine drives two clutch packs. The outer clutch pack drives gears 1, 3, 5 (and 7 when fitted), and reverse – the outer clutch pack has a larger diameter compared to the inner clutch, and can therefore handle greater torque loadings. The inner clutch pack drives gears 2, 4, and 6. Instead of a standard large dry single-plate clutch, each clutch pack for the six-speed DSG is a collection of four small wet interleaved clutch plates (similar to a motorcycle wet multi-plate clutch). Due to space constraints, the two clutch assemblies are concentric, and the shafts within the gearbox are hollow and also concentric. Because the alternate clutch pack's gear-sets can be pre-selected (predictive shifts enabled via the unloaded section of the gearbox), un-powered time while shifting is avoided because the transmission of torque is simply switched from one clutch-pack to the other. While the DSG has one of the fastest shift times on the market, the claim that the DSG takes only about 8 milliseconds to upshift is un-proven with 3-party data nor claimed by the manufacturer. DSG controls The direct-shift gearbox uses a floor-mounted transmission shift lever, very similar to that of a conventional automatic transmission. The lever is operated in a straight 'fore and aft' plane (without any 'dog-leg' offset movements), and uses an additional button to help prevent an inadvertent selection of an inappropriate shift lever position. P P position of the floor-mounted gear shift lever means that the transmission is set in park. Both clutch packs are fully disengaged, all gear-sets are disengaged, and a solid mechanical transmission lock is applied to the crown wheel of the DSG's internal differential. This position must only be used when the motor vehicle is stationary. Furthermore, this is the position which must be set on the shift lever before the vehicle ignition key can be removed. N N position of the floor-mounted shift lever means that the transmission is in neutral. Similar to P above, both clutch packs and all gear-sets are fully disengaged; however, the parking lock is also disengaged. D mode Whilst the motor vehicle is stationary and in neutral (N), the driver can select D for drive (after first pressing the foot brake pedal). The transmission's reverse gear is selected on the first shaft K1, and the outer clutch K2 engages at the start of the bite point. At the same time, on the alternate gear shaft, the reverse gear clutch K1 is also selected (pre-selected), as the gearbox doesn't know whether the driver wants to go forward or reverse. The clutch pack for second gear (K2) gets ready to engage. When the driver releases the brake pedal, the K2 clutch pack increases the clamping force, allowing the second gear to take up the drive through an increase of the bite point, and thereby transferring the torque from the engine through the transmission to the drive shafts and road wheels, causing the vehicle to move forward. Depressing the accelerator pedal engages the clutch and causes an increase of forward vehicle speed. Pressing the throttle pedal to the floor (hard acceleration) will cause the gearbox to "kick down" to first gear to provide the acceleration associated with first, although there will be a slight hesitation while the gearbox deselects second gear and selects first gear. As the vehicle accelerates, the transmission's computer determines when the second gear (which is connected to the second clutch) should be fully used. Depending on the vehicle speed and amount of engine power being requested by the driver (determined by the position of the throttle pedal), the DSG then up-shifts. During this sequence, the DSG disengages the first outer clutch whilst simultaneously engaging the second inner clutch (all power from the engine is now going through the second shaft), thus completing the shift sequence. This sequence in a fraction of a second (aided by pre-selection), and can happen even with full throttle opening, and as a result, there is minimal power loss. Once the vehicle has completed the shift to second gear, the first gear is immediately de-selected, and third gear (being on the same shaft as 1st and 5th) is pre-selected, and is pending. Once the time comes to shift into 3rd, the second clutch disengages and the first clutch re-engages. This method of operation continues in the same manner for the remaining forward gears. Downshifting is similar to up-shifting but in reverse order, and is slower, at 600 milliseconds, due to the engine's Electronic Control Unit, or ECU, needing to 'blip' the throttle so that the engine crankshaft speed can match the appropriate gear shaft speed. The car's computer senses the car slowing down, or more power required (during acceleration), and thus engages a lower gear on the shaft not in use, and then completes the downshift. The actual shift points are determined by the DSG's transmission ECU, which commands a hydro-mechanical unit. The transmission ECU, combined with the hydro-mechanical unit, are collectively called a mechatronics unit or module. Because the DSG's ECU uses fuzzy logic, the operation of the DSG is said to be adaptive; that is, the DSG will "learn" how the user drives the car, and will progressively tailor the shift points accordingly to suit the habits of the driver. In the vehicle instrument display, between the speedometer and tachometer, the available shift-lever positions are shown, the current position of the shift-lever is highlighted (emboldened), and the current gear ratio in use is also displayed as a number. Under "normal", progressive and linear acceleration and deceleration, the DSG shifts in a sequential manner; i.e., under acceleration: 1st → 2nd → 3rd → 4th → 5th → 6th, and the same sequence reversed for deceleration. However, the DSG can also skip the normal sequential method, by missing gears, and shift two or more gears. This is most apparent if the car is being driven at sedate speeds in one of the higher gears with a light throttle opening, and the accelerator pedal is then pressed down, engaging the kick-down function. During kick-down, the DSG will skip gears, shifting directly to the most appropriate gear depending on speed and throttle opening. This kick-down may be engaged by any increased accelerator pedal opening, and is completely independent of the additional resistance to be found when the pedal is pressed fully to the floor, which will activate a similar kick-down function when in Manual operation mode. The seven-speed unit in the 2007 Audi variants will not automatically shift to 6th gear; rather, it stays at 5th to keep power available at a high RPM while cruising. When the floor-mounted gear selector lever is in position D, the DSG works in fully automatic mode, with emphasis placed on gear shifts programmed to deliver maximum fuel economy. That means that shifts will change up and down very early in the rev-range. As an example, on the Volkswagen Golf Mk5 GTI, sixth gear will be engaged around , when initially using the DSG transmission with the default ECU adaptation; although with an "aggressive" or "sporty" driving style, the adaptive shift pattern will increase the vehicle speed at which sixth gear engages. S mode The floor selector lever also has an S position. When S is selected, sport mode is activated in the DSG. Sport mode still functions as a fully automatic mode, identical in operation to D mode, but upshifts and downshifts are made much higher up the engine rev-range. This aids a more sporty driving manner, by utilising considerably more of the available engine power, and also maximising engine braking. However, this mode does have a detrimental effect on the vehicle fuel consumption, when compared to D mode. This mode may not be ideal to use when wanting to drive in a sedate manner; nor when road conditions are very slippery, due to ice, snow or torrential rain – because loss of tire traction may be experienced (wheel spin during acceleration, and may also result in road wheel locking during downshifts at high engine rpms under closed throttle). On 4motion or quattro-equipped vehicles this may be partially offset by the drivetrain maintaining full-time engagement of the rear differential in S mode, so power distribution under loss of front-wheel traction may be marginally improved. S is highlighted in the instrument display, and like D mode, the currently used gear ratio is also displayed as a number. R R position of the floor-mounted shift lever means that the transmission is in reverse. This functions in a similar way to D, but there is just one reverse gear. When selected, R is highlighted in the instrument display. Manual mode Additionally, the floor shift lever also has another plane of operation, for manual mode, with spring-loaded + and − positions. This plane is selected by moving the stick away from the driver (in vehicles with the driver's seat on the right, the lever is pushed to the left, and in left-hand drive cars, the stick is pushed to the right) when in D mode only. When this plane is selected, the DSG can now be controlled like a manual gearbox, albeit only under a sequential shift pattern. In most (VW) applications, the readout in the instrument display changes to 6 5 4 3 2 1, and just like the automatic modes, the currently used gear ratio is highlighted or emboldened. In other versions (e.g., on the Audi TT) the display shows just M followed by the gear currently selected; e.g., M1, M2, etc. To change up a gear, the lever is pushed forward (against a spring pressure) towards the +, and to change down, the lever is pulled rearward towards the −. The DSG transmission can now be operated with the gear changes being (primarily) determined by the driver. This method of operation is commonly called tiptronic. In the interests of engine preservation, when accelerating in Manual/tiptronic mode, the DSG will still automatically change up just before the redline, and when decelerating, it will change down automatically at very low revs, just before the engine idle speed (tickover). Furthermore, if the driver calls for a gear when it is not appropriate (e.g., requesting a downshift when engine speed is near the redline) the DSG will not change to the driver's requested gear. Current variants of the DSG will still downshift to the lowest possible gear ratio when the kick-down button is activated during full throttle whilst in manual mode. In Manual mode this kick-down is only activated by an additional button at the bottom of the accelerator pedal travel; unless this is pressed the DSG will not downshift, and will simply perform a full-throttle acceleration in whatever gear was previously being utilised. Paddle shifters Initially available on certain high-powered cars, and those with a "sporty" trim level – such as those using the 2.0 T FSI and 3.2/3.6 VR6 engines – steering wheel-mounted paddle shifters were available. However, these are now being offered (either as a standard inclusive fitment, or as a factory optional extra) on virtually all DSG-equipped cars, throughout all model ranges, including lesser power output applications, such as the 105 PS Volkswagen Golf Plus. These operate in an identical manner as the floor mounted shift lever when it is placed across the gate in manual mode. The paddle shifters have two distinct advantages: the driver can safely keep both hands on the steering wheel when using the Manual/tiptronic mode; and the driver can temporarily manually override either of the automatic programmes (D or S), and gain instant manual control of the DSG transmission (within the above described constraints). If the paddle-shift activated manual override of one of the automatic modes (D or S) is used intermittently the DSG transmission will default back to the previously selected automatic mode after a predetermined duration of inactivity of the paddles, or when the vehicle becomes stationary. Alternatively, should the driver wish to immediately revert to fully automatic control, this can be done by activating and holding the + paddle for at least two seconds. Advantages and disadvantages Advantages Better fuel economy (up to 15% improvement) than conventional planetary geared automatic transmission (due to lower parasitic losses from oil churning) and for some models with manual transmissions; No loss of torque through the transmission from the engine to the driving wheels during gear shifts; Short up-shift time of 8 milliseconds when shifting to a gear the alternate gear shaft has preselected; Smooth gear-shift operations; Consistent down-shift time of 600 milliseconds, regardless of throttle or operational mode; Disadvantages Unreliable: By design, it is not possible to make it as reliable as a conventional torque-converter automatic transmission. The slipping clutch mechanism has a limited lifespan; Marginally worse overall mechanical efficiency compared to a conventional manual transmission, especially on wet-clutch variants (due to electronics and hydraulic systems); Expensive specialist transmission fluids/lubricants with dedicated additives are required, which need regular changes; Relatively expensive to manufacture, and therefore increases new vehicle purchase price; Relatively lengthy shift time when shifting to a gear ratio which the transmission control unit did not anticipate (around 1100 ms, depending on the situation); Torque handling capability constraints perceive a limit on after-market engine tuning modifications (though many tuners and users may exceed the official torque limits notwithstanding); (Later variants have been fitted to more powerful cars, such as the 300 bhp/350 Nm VW R36 and the 272 bhp/350 Nm Audi TTS.) Heavier than a comparable Getrag conventional manual transmission ( vs. ); While the first generation DSG fuel economy was up to 15% worse than a manual, the second generation DSG (current) gets better fuel economy than the manual transmission. Applications Volkswagen Group vehicles with the DSG gearbox include: Audi After originally using the DSG moniker, Audi subsequently renamed their direct-shift gearbox to S tronic. Audi TT Audi A1 Audi A3 Audi S3 Audi A4 (B8) Audi A4 (B9) Audi S4 (B8) Audi S5 (B8) Audi A5 Audi A6 Audi A7 Audi A8 (D4) Audi Q2 Audi Q3 Audi Q5 Audi R8 facelift Bugatti Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4 (developed by Ricardo rather than Borg Warner) Škoda Škoda Fabia Škoda Kodiaq Škoda Karoq Škoda Octavia Škoda Rapid (2012) Škoda Roomster Škoda Superb II Škoda Yeti Škoda Scala Volkswagen Passenger Cars Volkswagen Ameo Volkswagen Vento Volkswagen Polo Volkswagen Golf, GTI, GTD, GTE, TDI, R32, R Volkswagen Jetta GLI, TDI, TSI(Brazil) Volkswagen Eos Volkswagen Touran Volkswagen New Beetle Volkswagen New Beetle Convertible Volkswagen Passat and R36 Volkswagen CC Volkswagen Sharan Volkswagen Scirocco Volkswagen Tiguan 2011 Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Volkswagen Caddy car-derived van Volkswagen Transporter (T5) medium van Problems and recalls of DSG-equipped vehicles The 7-speed DQ200 and 6-speed DQ250 gearboxes sometimes suffer from power-loss (gear disengaging) due to short-circuiting of wires caused by a build-up of sulphur in the transmission oil. United States of America In August 2009, Volkswagen of America issued two recalls of DSG-equipped vehicles. The first involved 13,500 vehicles, and was to address unplanned shifts to the neutral gear, while the second involved similar problems (by then attributed to faulty temperature sensors) and applied to 53,300 vehicles. These recalls arose as a result of investigations carried out by the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), where owners reported to the NHTSA a loss of power whilst driving. This investigation preliminary found only 2008 and 2009 model year vehicles as being affected. Australia In November 2009, Volkswagen recalled certain Golf, Jetta, EOS, Passat & Caddy models equipped with 6-speed DQ250 DSG transmission because the gearbox may read the clutch temperature incorrectly, which leads to clutch protection mode, causing a loss of power. China Since 2009 there have been widespread concerns from Chinese consumers particularly among the online community, who expressed that Volkswagen has failed to respond to complaints about defects in its DSG-equipped vehicles. Typical issues associated with 6-speed DSG include abnormal noise and inability to change gear; while issues associated with 7-speed DSG include abnormal noise, excessive shift shock, abnormal increase in engine RPM, flashing gear indicator on the dashboard as well as inability to shift to even-numbered gears. In March 2012 China's quality watchdog the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) said that it had been in contact with Volkswagen (China) and urged the carmaker to probe the issues. In a survey held by Gasgoo.com (China) of 2,937 industry experts and insiders, 83% of respondents believed that the carmaker should consider a full vehicle recall. In March 2012 Volkswagen Group China admitted that there could be an issue in its seven-speed DSG gearboxes that may affect approximately 500,000 vehicles from its various subsidiaries in China. A software upgrade has since been offered for the affected vehicles in an attempt to repair the problem. According to 163.com - one of China's most popular web portals - in March 2012 about a quarter of the complaints about problems found in cars in China's automotive market were made against DSG-equipped vehicles manufactured by Volkswagen. The top five models that dominate those complaints were: Volkswagen Magotan - 6% Volkswagen Bora - 5.3% Volkswagen Sagitar - 5.3% Volkswagen Touareg - 4.7% Volkswagen Golf - 4% Would be worth noting that Touareg has never been fitted with a DSG transmission. On 15 March 2013, China Central Television aired a program for the World Consumer Rights Day. The program criticized the issue associated with DSG-equipped vehicles manufactured by Volkswagen. On 17 March 2013 Volkswagen Group China announced on its official Weibo that it will voluntarily recall vehicles equipped with DSG boxes. Some sources have estimated the failure rate of DSG-equipped vehicles sold in China to be greater than 20,000 per million sold. Sweden VW Sweden stopped selling the Passat EcoFuel DSG as a taxi after many cars had problems with the 7 speed DSG gearbox. They instead offered the Touran EcoFuel DSG, which is using an updated version of the same DSG gearbox. Japan The recall has been extended to Japan with 91,000 (VW and Audi using the same DSG) being recalled. Malaysia 13 days after the Singapore recall, Volkswagen Malaysia also announced a recall for the 7-speed DSG. No official statement was released by the company, but it was stated that a total of 3,962 were involved in the unit recall exercise - units produced between June 2010 and June 2011, with affected vehicles being Golf, Polo, Scirocco, Cross Touran, Passat and Jetta models equipped with the transmission. Worldwide recall 14 November 2013, Volkswagen Group announced a major worldwide recall over problems with the 7-speed DSG gearbox (model: DQ200) which might lead to loss of power, covering some 1.6m cars including those carrying the Audi, Skoda and SEAT badges. Overall, once above 100k miles, repair may be needed immediately whenever strong vibration or gear up-shift/down-shift hesitation is detected. Australian recall 15 October 2019, Australia recall of DSG 7-speed gearboxes. Due to a production fault, over time a crack in the transmissions pressure accumulator can occur. If the pressure accumulator cracks, oil and pressure is lost in the hydraulic system of the gearbox. As a result, the transmission of engine power via the gearbox is interrupted. The experience of this symptom would be comparable to depressing the clutch in a vehicle fitted with a manual transmission. This could increase the likelihood of an accident affecting the occupants of the vehicle and other road users. See also Volkswagen 01M transmission List of ZF transmissions List of Aisin transmissions List of GM transmissions List of Ford transmissions Multimode manual transmission Automatic manual transmission References External links Dual Clutch Transmission - DCT Facts (not implemented yet) Official links Volkswagen AG corporate website Independent links Pictures and diagrams of DQ250 DSG at WorldCarFans.com. Reviews, videos, and explanation of DSG transmission First Drive: Audi TT 3.2 DSG review at VWvortex.com. European interest in dual clutch technology shifts up a gear, an informative article from Just-Auto.com. Computer-controlled Meccano model of a DSG Transmission by Alan Wenbourne of the South East London Meccano Club (SELMEC). Video of Alan Wenbourne's Meccano DSG in operation at YouTube.com. Category:Volkswagen Group Category:Automatic transmission tradenames Category:Automotive transmission technologies Category:Automotive technology tradenames Category:Borg-Warner transmissions de:Doppelkupplungsgetriebe sv:DSG-växellåda

23:30, 15 December 2009 206.169.172.212@enwiki (talk | contribs | logs) edited Orly Taitz(Removed reference to media outlets calling her "cross between Joan of Arc and Paul Revere" since the article referenced clearly states that "Some within the birther movement consider her to be ...")

Stern John Stern John, CM (born 30 October 1976) is a Trinidadian football manager and former player who is currently managing Central F.C. in the TT Pro League. He previously played for a number of American and English football clubs that included Columbus Crew, Bristol City, Nottingham Forest, Birmingham City, Sunderland, Southampton, Crystal Palace, Coventry City and Derby County. Club career Early Career in US John was born in Tunapuna, Trinidad and Tobago and moved to the United States to attend Mercer County Community College in 1995. He joined the Columbus Crew of Major League Soccer (MLS) from the now-defunct New Orleans Riverboat Gamblers of the A-League for the 1998 season. On the recommendation of his older cousin, Columbus Crew defender and Trinidad and Tobago international, Ansil Elcock, John received a try-out with Crew, where he became one of the most prolific scorers in league history. In 1998, John led the league with 26 goals, a record that currently puts him tied for fifth in MLS for goals in one season, and also with 57 points to be named the MLS Scoring Champion. He was named to the MLS Best XI that year as well, and tied for the lead with 18 goals in 1999. Nottingham Forest After the 1999 season with Columbus, John was acquired by Nottingham Forest of the English First Division for a fee of £1.5 million. However, eventual financial difficulties at Forest following the team's failed bid at promotion forced John's sale to Birmingham City in February 2002, then pushing for promotion to the Premier League, for the sum of £100,000. John scored 18 goals in 49 starts for Forest. Birmingham City At Birmingham, John rarely played, although he had some memorable moments in the blue shirt of Birmingham, such as his turn and finish away at West Ham in 2002; his last minute equaliser at Villa Park in the Birmingham derby; and his last minute goal away at Millwall which put Birmingham through to the Playoff Final in 2002. He then scored one of the penalties in the play-off final shootout to help them get promoted to the Premier League. Popular with the Birmingham fans for his crucial and sometimes brilliant goals, he nonetheless fell out of favour with management, and was sold to Coventry City on 14 September 2004. Coventry City In his first season with Coventry, John finished second in team scoring with 12 goals despite starting in barely half of Coventry's games. Derby County At the start of the 2005–06 season, following the signing of James Scowcroft, John found himself outside of manager Micky Adams's first-team plans. As a result, he was loaned to Derby County on 16 September 2005. He rejoined Coventry three months later. Sunderland On 29 January 2007, John was transferred to Sunderland for an undisclosed fee. The signing was Sunderland manager Roy Keane's sixth signing of the 2006–07 season January transfer window. He scored his first goals against Southend United in a 4–0 victory on 17 February 2007. Southampton On 29 August 2007, John moved to Southampton as part of a deal that took his international teammate Kenwyne Jones in the opposite direction. He scored his first goals with two in a 3–2 win against West Bromwich Albion on 6 October 2007. From then on he scored regularly for "The Saints", with nine goals in his first fifteen appearances, including a second half hat trick against Hull City on 8 December 2007. He finished the 2007–08 season fourth highest scorer in the Championship with 19 goals for Southampton. (He had also scored once for Sunderland in the Premier League prior to his transfer.) Before being sent off for a second bookable offence, John scored two goals, including the match winner, in Southampton's final game of the season against Sheffield United, as the Saints narrowly avoided relegation to League One. Bristol City John was loaned to Bristol City in October 2008 until the end of the 2008–09 season. John made his first Bristol City appearance, coming on as a substitute, against Barnsley in a 0–0 draw. John scored his first goal for Bristol City in a 4–1 defeat to Reading at Ashton Gate Stadium on 1 November 2008. Crystal Palace On 29 July 2009 John signed for Crystal Palace on a year-long deal after turning down an offer to stay at Southampton. He made his debut on the opening day of the season against Plymouth Argyle, he had to come off after 35 minutes due to an injury. He returned in mid-October, but joined Ipswich Town on a one-month loan at the end of November. He scored his first goal for Ipswich in a 3–2 win over Coventry City on 16 January 2010. Upon his return to Palace he scored his first goal for the club in a 3–1 win at Watford on 30 March 2010. New Palace manager George Burley had hoped to discuss the player's future at the end of the season, but no discussion occurred, and John left the club. Solihull Moors In August 2012, after two seasons out of English football, John returned, signing for Solihull Moors. However, as of November 2012, he had yet to make an appearance in any competition for the club. WASA FC John retired and moved back to his native Trinidad and Tobago after his spell at Solihull Moors. He came out of retirement a second time in order to join WASA FC of the National Super League of Trinidad and Tobago in January 2014. He scored on his debut Central F.C. John came out of retirement once again in 2016 when he was appointed as player-coach of Central F.C. in the TT Pro League. International career John made his international debut for Trinidad and Tobago national football team on 15 February 1995 against Finland in a Friendly match at the Queen's Park Oval, scoring one goal on his debut. John has been a vital player for the Soca Warriors, currently the team's all-time leading scorer with 70 goals in 115 caps (as of 9 February 2011), and is also the 7th highest international goalscorer according to the list of Top international association football goal scorers by country, behind Pelé, Ferenc Puskás and Ali Daei. He is also the all-time top CONCACAF goal scorer. He was instrumental in helping his country qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup and played in all three of his country's World Cup group matches at Germany 2006. In Germany, he scored an offside goal. He was also named Trinidad and Tobago Football Federation Player of the Year in 2002. John is currently the second most capped Trinidad and Tobago international behind former teammate Angus Eve. He was the only player to score in 12 consecutive international matches, from 1998 to 1999. Honours 1998 MLS Scoring Champion 1998 MLS Golden Boot 1998 MLS Best XI 2002 Division 1 Play-offs Winner's Medal 2002 Trinidad and Tobago Football Federation Player of the Year 2007 Championship Winners' Medal with Sunderland Career statistics Club statistics International goals Scores and results list Trinidad and Tobago's goal tally first. Notes References External links Player profile from Southampton F.C. website (via archive.org) Category:1976 births Category:Living people Category:People from Tunapuna–Piarco Category:Trinidad and Tobago footballers Category:Association football forwards Category:Mercer County Community College alumni Category:Carolina Dynamo players Category:New Orleans Riverboat Gamblers players Category:Columbus Crew SC players Category:Nottingham Forest F.C. players Category:Birmingham City F.C. players Category:Coventry City F.C. players Category:Derby County F.C. players Category:Sunderland A.F.C. players Category:Southampton F.C. players Category:Bristol City F.C. players Category:Crystal Palace F.C. players Category:Ipswich Town F.C. players Category:North East Stars F.C. players Category:Solihull Moors F.C. players Category:USISL players Category:USL First Division players Category:Major League Soccer players Category:Major League Soccer All-Stars Category:Premier League players Category:English Football League players Category:TT Pro League players Category:Trinidad and Tobago international footballers Category:1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup players Category:2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup players Category:2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup players Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players Category:FIFA Century Club Category:Trinidad and Tobago expatriate footballers Category:Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in the United States Category:Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in England Category:Expatriate soccer players in the United States Category:Expatriate footballers in England Category:Trinidad and Tobago football managers Category:Central F.C. managers Category:TT Pro League managers Category:Recipients of the Chaconia Medal

LibreOffice Draw LibreOffice Draw is a free and open source vector graphics editor. It is one of the applications included in the LibreOffice office suite, developed by The Document Foundation. LibreOffice Draw can be used to create complicated figures using shape tools, straight and curved tools, polygon tools, among other features. Like the other components of LibreOffice, Draw can be run on Linux, MacOS and Microsoft Windows. LibreOffice Draw natively uses Open Document Format for Office Applications (ODF) (.odg graphics extension) which is an international standard file format established by the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). Features Draw can be used to make flowcharts, technical drawings, brochures, posters, photo galleries and albums. Draw includes a spellchecker, autocorrect, thesaurus, hyphenation mode and color replacing. It has a gallery of shapes and drawings. It also supports as macro execution with Java, extensions and has configurable XML filter settings. Import and export function Import, edit, export PDFs Import Microsoft Visio .vsd files Import Microsoft Publisher .pub files. Import from OTT, STW, OTH, OTS, STC, OTP, STI, OTG, STD and VOR formats Export to BMP, EPS, GIF, JPEG, PNG, SVG, WMF, as well as create HTML, XHTML, PDF and SWF files Reception In a 2014 review, Elena Opris wrote in Softpedia, "The Good: LibreOffice's best features are applicable in all modules. Draw sports numerous options and configuration parameters for defining each part of the graphical plan as well as for the general elements in the interface (such as toolbars and keyboard shortcuts). The styles and formatting presets simplify the entire layout designing process. The document recovery feature usually comes to the rescue when experiencing system crashes." Opris noted, "The Bad: The program often takes a while to paste pictures as well as to load some features. It froze several times during our evaluation when inserting files with unsupported formats, which eventually led us to restarting Draw." Writing in December 2017 for It's FOSS, Ankush Das, said, "LibreOffice Draw module is one of the best open source alternatives to Microsoft Visio. With the help of it, you can either choose to make a quick sketch of an idea or a complex professional floor plan for presentation. Flowcharts, organization charts, network diagrams, brochures, posters, and what not! All that without even requiring to spend a penny." PAT Research described Draw in a 2018 review, "LibreOffice Draw is a powerful office and flowchart software that provides a clean interface and tools that enable users to unleash their creativity and enhance their productivity". GoFree wrote, "it is simply amazing that a free vector graphics editor like this can deliver such professional results." References External links Category:Free vector graphics editors Category:LibreOffice

[Can the urine dipstick be used in the diagnosis of urinary bacterial colonizations in a preoperative urological assessment?]. The use of the dipstick urinalysis has been validated for the diagnosis of symptomatic urinary infections, cystitis and pyelonephritis thanks to an excellent negative predictive value. For prostatitis, it is rather its positive predictive value that is interesting. The aim of this study is to validate its use in the screening of urinary colonizations in the preoperative assessment in urology. A monocentric prospective study was carried out for one year in 2011 comparing the data from the urine dipstick test with a fresh-voided midstream urinary examination and culture performed on the day of admission with the same urine sample in 598 asymptomatic patients programmed for a urological procedure. The gold standard to diagnose a microbiological-confirmed urinary tract infection or colonization was uropathogen growth of ≥10(3) colony-forming units per ml (cfu/mL) with or without leucocyturia. The study disclosed 5% of colonized patients. The urine dipstick test had a 65% sensitivity and a 97% negative predictive value. However, the low sensitivity of the urine dipstick test entailed 34% of false negatives. In spite of a good negative predictive value linked to a low prevalence of colonized patients (5%), the low sensitivity of the urine dipstick test entails a non-negligible number of false negatives. Its use as a single test of preoperative screening would expose colonized patients to the prospect of an operation, which seems to be unacceptable for some of them, notably endoscopic ones. 4.

PHOTO LESSON WITH SETH KUSHNER I am an award winning portrait photographer whose work has been published in The NY Times Magazine, Time, Sports Illustrated, The New Yorker and many more publications. If you live in the NYC area, or will be visiting, I will meet with you and we will pick an area of NYC to walk around with our cameras and I will instruct you on taking photos. Afterwards we will look at the results and discuss. Session would last two hours and include coffee. Plus, you get the print copy of SCHMUCK signed by me and with your name in the book, plus my eternal gratitude for backing my project. Less

Q: Automatically add an Order column into tablix in Local Report? I can populate my own Order column in the DataSource and pass this DataSource to Tablix. But if there is a way to automatically an Order column right in Tablix at design time (such as using some variable or expression), it would be better. Here is what I want: Order | Column 1 | Column 2 1 2 3 ... The Order column can be added at design time easily, but how to populate it with ordinal numbers when refreshing report (of course, I don't want to populate it from data source). I want some way to populate it via expression or something like that right in Local Report designer. Your help would be highly appreciated! Thank you very much in advance! A: Yes, Put expression =RowNumber(nothing) in Order column. and if you want to show row number differently for group try =RowNumber("GroupName1")

Subscribe to the Little, Brown newsletter First name: Email address: The books featured on this site are aimed primarily at readers aged 13 or above and therefore you must be 13 years or over to sign up to our newsletter. Please tick this box to indicate that you’re 13 or over. Sign up to the Little, Brown newsletter for news of upcoming publications, competitions and updates from our authors. From time to time we may contact you with surveys so that we can get to know you better. The Essential Air Fryer Cookbook by Bruce Weinstein With more than 7 million sold in America, air fryers are the next Instant Pot: the new hot kitchen appliance home cooks have to have–and Bruce Weinstein and Mark Scarbrough are here to help you make the most of it. Initially conceived as a way of producing crispy “fried” foods with half the calories and fat, the air fryer is more than just a diet trick. It’s also the best, easiest way to cook with the power of a commercial convection oven at home, producing the crispiest roasted vegetables, perfectly-cooked chicken with crunchy skin, and, yes, the most delicious french fries you’ll ever make without digging out a deep fryer. With more than 300 delicious, unpretentious, and totally customisable recipes for everything from entire meals cooked inside the air fryer to party snacks, healthy sides, and delicious desserts, this book will be the go-to resource for this year’s hottest home cooking appliance.

Home > US 10-year Treasury yields are flat to down slightly; NZD has ended up one of the better performers as short-positions were likely pared; the weaker USD since this time yesterday likely reflects a reduction in long positioning US 10-year Treasury yields are flat to down slightly; NZD has ended up one of the better performers as short-positions were likely pared; the weaker USD since this time yesterday likely reflects a reduction in long positioning Following yesterday’s rout in global equities a risk-off tone remains evident, with the S&P500 making further losses overnight, while US 10-year Treasury yields are flat to down slightly. Despite the fall in risk appetite, the NZD has ended up one of the better performers as short-positions were likely pared. After we went to print yesterday, US equities lunged further into negative territory and this spilled over into global markets, with NZ’s high-flying equity market ending down a chunky 3.6%. No single trigger can adequately explain the sudden plunge in equity markets but a number of factors can be pointed at, including US rates having reached a tipping point late into the cycle, worries about the impact of higher oil prices, escalating US-China tensions (not just on trade but at a military level as well), an over-valued tech sector and allegations of Chinese chip-makers including devices in products to spy on their overseas customers, to name a few. Overnight, President Trump blamed the Fed for the market rout saying “The Fed is out of control…I think what they’re doing is wrong”, but adding that he wasn’t going to fire Fed Chair Powell. This followed his comments yesterday that the Fed has gone crazy and was making a mistake. The S&P500 has spent most of the session so far in negative territory, down as much as 1½% recently and currently down about 1%, to sit just below its 200-day moving average. Earlier in the year the index broke down through that technical indicator a number of times but not for very long and recovered each time. Another lurch lower could well feed on itself, while a bounce would get the buy-the-dip brigade back into action, so we’re currently at an interesting juncture. Of some relief, US CPI inflation was lower than expected for the second month in a row, with the annual core measure staying steady at 2.2% y/y. The market still thinks another rate hike is likely in December as the tighter labour market forewarns future inflationary pressure, but the softer inflation data supports the Fed’s gradual approach to raising rates. In other news, Dow Jones reported that President Trump is going to meet with his Chinese counterpart Xi at the G20 meeting next month. Later, Larry Kudlow told reporters he "can't officially" confirm Trump and Xi are planning to meet, saying only it's under discussion. US Treasury yields have settled in a 3.14-3.19% range since the open of the Asian trading session, following the 8bps decline in late NY trading yesterday. Despite the softer inflation data, the 2-year rate shows some upward drift and is up 2bps from the NZ close compared to the flat 10-year rate. The market is taking the view that equity markets would have to show a much larger downward correction to sway the Fed from its gradual tightening path. In currency markets, the NZD has outperformed despite the weaker risk appetite environment and has blasted up over 1% through the 0.65 mark and is higher on all the crosses. While this is unusual, in a big risk-off event the natural behaviour of traders is to shut down or reduce positions. Positioning in the NZD has been significantly short – the greatest on record according to CFTC data for non-commercial positions in the futures market – so NZD strength at a time like this suggests some short covering. Indeed, currency movements over the past 24 hours or so tells us a lot about positioning. The AUD has also outperformed but not to the extent of the NZD. The AUD has blasted up through 0.71, while NZD/AUD is up to 0.9160. With positioning a key factor behind the moves we wouldn’t read too much into them or want to extrapolate the move too far into the future. The weaker USD since this time yesterday likely reflects a reduction in long positioning, although Trump’s outburst against the Fed and the softer CPI data haven’t helped either. USD indices are down around 0.4-0.5% for the day. EUR is up 0.6% to 1.1590 while GBP is flat around the 1.32 mark. Brexit headlines remain confusing and conflicting. Italy remains a focus for the market and rates are modestly higher there ahead of Italy submitting its Budget. EU economy chief Moscovici said he’ll try to bring Italy “closer” to EU spending rules in negotiations over the country’s 2019 budget. Finally, oil prices have retreated again. Alongside data showing some inventory build, OPEC cut its estimate for global demand for its crude next year by 900k barrels per day due to weakening economic growth and higher output from rivals, notably US shale drillers. Brent crude is down 3% to $80.60 and well down from the $86.70 peak of mid-last week.

Settler Theology & Israel's Future Over the years, the West Bank olive harvest has become an annual low-level battle, with settlers stealing from and ravaging Palestinian groves and with outpost settlers as prime suspects. But finding these ideas printed in a glossy manifesto, starkly presented as religious principles, was more than I'd expected.

Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape The Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape (also ... District or ... Lake District, ) is a natural region in Saxony. It runs from a line between Wittichenau and Kamenz for roughly 60 kilometres in an east-west direction as far as the River Neisse. Its width between the bordering natural regions of the Upper Lusatian Gefilde and Eastern Upper Lusatia to the south and the Muskau Heath and Upper Lusatian Mining Region to the north is between 15 and 20 kilometres. The landscape is a transition zone between the hilly southern part of Upper Lusatia and Lower Lusatia. Its central part takes in the Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape Biosphere Reserve, whose core zone is a nature reserve. The region is part of the Saalian glaciation meltwater valley or urstromtal. Valley sands close to the groundwater level at heights of between 130 and 150 metres alternate with stretches of valley bottom over 500 metres wide and only a few metres lower. Dry areas lie next to waterlogged or even boggy areas. Almost 10% of the area is made up of 335 ponds, which makes the Upper Lusatian Heath and Lake District the largest economically utilized pond region in Europe. Part of the original landscape was destroyed by the brown coal open-cast mine around the Boxberg Power Station, however the pits left behind have been flooded and now form a new part of the countryside. The potential natural vegetation (pnV) is birch and oak-pine woods, with alder and ash woods in the water meadows. References External links Large scale grouping, subdivisions and overview map as part of the Upper Lusatia-Lower Silesia Planning Region, retrieved 11 March 2012 Category:Natural regions of Saxony Category:Upper Lusatia Category:Ponds of Germany

Please enable Javascript to play this video properly. If you're using NoScript, please whitelist these domains: vid.me, viddme.blob.core.windows.net, d3d22t4ev2lc8b.cloudfront.net, and d1kjvq24a07es4.cloudfront.net If you're viewing this inside an app with Javascript disabled, follow this link to watch the video: https://vid.me/tiy4 World of final fantasy - The five Cogna lords Port Besaid & Nibelheim Ep80 In the main story we need to face the five Cogna lords that are currently running rampant across the world of Grymoire. Firstly we tackle the Cogna residing in Port Besaid which is a very easy airborne enemy but the one afterwards in Nibelheim was not so easy! He did look awesome though :D World of Final Fantasy is a role-playing video game which utilizes a turn-based battle system. It is is primarily set in the world of Grymoire, a land populated by classic Final Fantasy characters and monsters from across the series, while being unconnected to any other series entry. Lann and Reynn suffer from amnesia and hold the power in one of their arms to capture and wield Mirages, the monsters of Grymoire. They travel to Grymoire to recover their memories. Donate on Patreon to improve the content of my channel: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4377549 Hungry for more final fantasy content? Check out my playlist for Final Fantasy XIV: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCiuXKb2dSVrQo5HnSEFESvJYeedValQb Follow me on Twitter! (^ _ ^) Twitter: https://twitter.com/MissMulti?lang=en-gb ----------------------------------------­------------------------------------------------- A big thank you to my Patreons of May 2017!! - Bastion - Just2Game - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLTUNzgYHoK1nnGPp-_1vpg - Vult Avos - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyGf12y2EDAvtr-bc-s5nhA - Skwalker - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCk4T-qN3lLFqGh8ck8AX9cQ ----------------------------------------­------------------------------------------------- Copyright free music included in this video: Songname: Aero Chord feat. DDARK - Shootin Stars https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTF5xgT-pm8 Thanks, Miss Multi-Console. (MMC)

ES News email The latest headlines in your inbox twice a day Monday - Friday plus breaking news updates Enter your email address Continue Please enter an email address Email address is invalid Fill out this field Email address is invalid You already have an account. Please log in Register with your social account or click here to log in I would like to receive lunchtime headlines Monday - Friday plus breaking news alerts, by email Update newsletter preferences Donald Trump has said the US and Britain are “rapidly” moving towards a post-Brexit trade deal that will be “fantastic and big”. The US President said he and Boris Johnson are “very much aligned” and will continue to discuss the potential agreement. Speaking ahead of a campaign rally in New Hampshire, Mr Trump said talks with the Prime Minister are “moving rapidly along”. "I think we'll make a fantastic and big trade deal with the UK," the US leader told reporters before departing for the rally on Thursday. He said he had talked to Mr Johnson on Wednesday and would be speaking with him again. "He and I are very much aligned," Mr Trump added. It comes after Mr Johnson said he expects reaching a post-Brexit trade deal with the US to be a “tough old haggle”. He said: "In my experience the Americans are very tough negotiators indeed, and we will do a great deal with them and it will open up opportunities for UK business, particularly service companies in the US, but it will be a tough old haggle - but we will get there." The two countries are discussing a partial accord that could take effect on November 1, the day after the UK is set to leave the EU. Officials from the two nations have discussed the possibility of a temporary agreement covering all sectors. Such a deal could last for something like six months, a senior Trump administration official said on Tuesday. Mr Trump’s national security adviser said the UK was “first in line” for such an agreement with the US. John Bolton said the US could focus on striking bilateral trade deals in certain sectors like manufacturing and car-making where the two countries may agree, and work out more complicated areas later. Speaking following a meeting with Mr Johnson on a visit to London, Mr Bolton said in the eyes of the president “Britain's constantly at the front of the trade queue, or line as we say.”

Tân Phước District Tân Phước is a rural district (huyện) of Tien Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 53,125. The district covers an area of 343 km². The district capital lies at Mỹ Phước. References Category:Districts of Tiền Giang Province

Q: How do I get vim omnicompletion to support php class methods using :: Using vim + php + ctags I can get fairly good php auto-completion. But one part really eludes me: getting vim to auto-complete class methods. Here's an example: The full method is CVarDumper::dumpAsString And I want it to complete if I type this: CVarDumper::d<tab> The double-colon does not work. However, if I replace the :: with a . then it does autocomplete: CVarDumper.d<tab> I see the c++ omnifunc function has an option to allow for :: completion: let OmniCpp_MayCompleteScope = 1 " autocomplete after :: Is there an equivalent for the ft-php-omni function, or a way to hack this feature in? Update: Turns out the problem was the supertab plugin, specifically this option in my .vimrc " SuperTab option for context aware completion let g:SuperTabDefaultCompletionType = "context" After removing that option supertab + phpcomplete allows for completion of php class methods. A: Try this alternative phpcomplete script. It is better than the default one in every possible ways, including the fact that it supports static completion.

I think your team is lacking power. Outside of Ortiz you dont have much power. OF is suspect. Delmon will give you decent numbers across the board. Rowand isn't going to put up last years numbers, so I would lower your expectations if you haven't done so already. Hamilton should put up some power numbers, but not completely sold on him. Pitching looks good. I would keep an eye on Pena just in case Lyon slips up.

Annie Lapin Annie Lapin (born 1978) is an American artist who lives and works in Los Angeles, California. Her abstract paintings are grounded in representation. Early life and education Although born in Washington D.C., Lapin spent most of her early years in Kentucky. She received her BA from Yale University in 2001, and completed an MFA at the University of California, Los Angeles, in 2007. Exhibitions Lapin has had solo exhibitions at Grand Arts in Kansas City, Missouri (2008), at the Pasadena Museum of California Art (2009), at the Museum of Contemporary Art Santa Barbara (2012), and at the Weatherspoon Art Museum of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, where was Falk Visiting Artist in 2013–2014. Notes Further reading Los Angeles Times Review: Annie Lapin's Various Peep Shows Priscilla Frank (January 25, 2014). Annie Lapin's Newest Painting Exhibition Combines Instant Attraction and a Slow Burn. Huffington Post. External links Video: New American Paintings x Future Shipwreck: Annie Lapin Category:1978 births Category:American artists Category:Living people

The present invention relates in general to teleservice messages within a telecommunications network. More particularly, the present invention relates to reporting the capabilities and features of a mobile station within such a network. There are many features defined in the mobile stations specifications, such as the ANSI-136 standard. Some of these features are optional while most of them are required per the standard. Each mobile station within a telecommunications network, such as the ANSI-136 network, supports a protocol version (PV) that defines the capability of the mobile station. The different PVs cover the different revisions and capability sets of the standard. Different PVs support different items, with some items being xe2x80x9cmandatoryxe2x80x9d and some items being xe2x80x9coptionalxe2x80x9d. Typical features for PV0 and PV1 are shown in Table 1. Typically, PVs are backward compatible, meaning that if a telephone is PV1, then it has all of the PV1 features as well as the PV0 features. In order that the mobile network will know what revision of the standard that a mobile station supports, the mobile station provides its PV to the mobile network via an (air) interface message such as a registration message or the capability report. Typically, when a mobile station, such as a telephone, registers on a system, it provides its PV in a message to the system. Wireless operators and infrastructure vendors need to know what capabilities are supported by the customer premises equipment (CPE), including the mobile station, in order to know what messages, physical channel capabilities, and features can be assigned and sent to the CPE. It is contemplated that each mobile station that is registered as a certain PV supports all of the mandatory features. However, many CPE vendors do not support all xe2x80x9cmandatoryxe2x80x9d capabilities of the standard, and the conventional, standardized capability report does not account for mandatory features, only optional features. Thus, the wireless operator and infrastructure vendor cannot be sure of what features and capabilities a mobile station may or may not support. In order for a mobile station to indicate that it supports a particular PV, all mandatory items for that particular PV must be supported by the mobile station. However, in commercial practicality there are situations where a infrastructure vendor and a wireless operator may choose to provide support for one or more features in a PV prior to the ability to support all of the other mandatory features of the PV. Conventionally, the base station sends a message to the mobile station requesting its capability. The mobile station responds with a list of the optional features that it supports. It is assumed that the mobile station supports all the required features. However, oftentimes not all the PV features, even the mandatory ones, are in the telephone. The conventional capability reporting services only allow indication of support for features defined in the standard as optional. They do not allow any indication from the mobile station to the infrastructure of support for standardized feature sets which are mandatory in a particular protocol version. Also, in the ANSI-136 standard, the conventional capability report is a layer 3 message. The wireless operator is dependent on the infrastructure vendor to provide a conduit from the CPE to the wireless operator""s information database. This leads to development costs to the infrastructure vendor and the wireless operator. The standard does support many optional capabilities. These optional capabilities are not subject to the requirement of the PVs but rather may be optionally implemented in any revision of the standard later than the revision of the optional capability. In order to know that these features are supported by the mobile station, the standard supports a reporting mechanism called a Capability Report and the Capability Update on the digital control channel (DCCH) and the digital traffic channel (DTC), respectively. The Capability Report may be requested from the mobile station by the base station by a Capability Request flag on the DCCH. The Capability Update may be requested from the mobile station by the base station by sending a Capability Update Request on the forward DTC. Both of these services indicate the protocol and service capability of the mobile station. There is a need to allow support for select mandatory features without the mobile station having to indicate complete support for a particular PV level. Therefore, there is a need to determine which features, both mandatory and optional, are implemented in a telephone, and which features are not. The present invention is directed to a mobile station capability message and a system and method for generating a mobile station capability message. The mobile station capability message comprises data indicative of at least one mandatory feature supported by the mobile station. The capability storage message also can comprise data indicative of at least one optional feature supported by the mobile station. The features are each associated with a protocol version that is either the latest protocol version supported by the mobile station or an earlier protocol version. According to one aspect of the present invention, the features are part of the ANSI-136 standard. An embodiment of the present invention comprises a system and method for generating a capability request message at a remote site, transmitting the capability request message to the mobile station, and generating a mobile station capability message responsive to the capability request message, the capability message comprising data indicative of at least one mandatory feature supported by the mobile station, the at least one mandatory feature being associated with a protocol version. The remote site is one of a base station, a mobile switching center, and a non-base station entity. According to further aspects of the invention, the capability message is transmitted to the remote site from the mobile station, via an interface comprising, for example, point to point or broadcast mechanisms. The capability request message and the capability message can be part of respective ANSI-136 R-data messages. According to other aspects of the invention, the capability message is stored in a storage device that can be accessed by the remote site, and receipt of the capability request message at the mobile station is acknowledged. The foregoing and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

United Kingdom The look on Mim’s face said it all; “That is one of the best things I’ve ever tasted”, she said gleefully, pushing the gloriously large yet somewhat daunting mac and cheese toasty across the table for Mark to taste. Were we in Manchester, or had we magically teleported back to our hometown of Melbourne for some top quality grub? Being from Melbourne, we’re kinda food snobs. When you’ve got access to so many incredible restaurants, it’s hard not to be.…

Windows/Mac: Unfortunately the iPhone and iPod touch lack the ability older iPods had to run in Disk Mode. That's where iPhone Explorer steps in, allowing you manually manage files on your device, or just use it as a flash drive, without jailbreaking. iPhone browser is a lightweight application that has an easy drag-and-drop interface that lets you browse the contents on your iPhone. You can manually transfer your photos, music or movies from your device back to your computer, or just add files to the iPhone and fill up the unused space as extra storage. There's even an image preview for transferring photos. The best part about the whole thing, though, is that you don't need to jailbreak to use it. If you do have a jailbroken device, though, iPhone Explorer becomes even more useful—It can access the root of jailbroken phones and browse the files inside, with no need for complicated SSH setups. The only issue I had was that multiple selection didn't work so well—whether I was trying to transfer files to or from my iPod touch, doing it one file at a time worked much better than trying to do more. So if you need to transfer large batches of files, you may be better off putting them in a folder beforehand to avoid crashes. iPhone Explorer is a free download for Windows and Mac OS X 1.5+, requires iTunes 8 or 9 to use. G/O Media may get a commission Subscribe and Get Your First Bag Free Promo Code AtlasCoffeeDay20 iPhone Explorer

My arcane problem I’ve recently been spending a lot of time on Faraday’s remote servers, running one PostGIS operation after another in search of idealized geometries or custom market borders. In each case, I like to do a visual check to see that I haven’t created a node-sharing, topologically-laughable geo-monster before handing it off to another process on the same server. My current workflow is to dump the geometry as geojson, grab the file to my local machine, and open it in QGIS or geojson.io — which is an extra minute at least for every look at a feature. I sometimes need to do this dozens of times an hour as I debug and optimize. Obviously this is complete crap, but there’s no easy way around it when the command line is the only window into the data. The old ways Multispectral classification of Landsat MSS data from the Salton Sea in California. From “Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation” by Floyd Sabins, 1978 From my remote sensing days at BU, I recalled my professors chuckling about how — in the dim ages before Arc/Info and most other raster processing systems — they would classify Landsat MSS data and then print out the results using ASCII characters in a grid. (After which they’d open beers with their teeth, calibrate their spectroradiometer lens with a hammer and toss the instrument into orbit with their bare hands. Those were the days). So why not check to see if this sort of thing exists today? I floated a not-too-desperate-sounding trial balloon on twitter: And let me remind you all that the internet is indeed awesome, because . . . Solutions Three separate tools were thrown at me: gj2ascii Kevin Wurster wrote gs2ascii, a fully-formed python module that cycles well through multiple features: Update — August 13, 2015: Kevin added emoji functions. Heaven help us. Damon Burgett put together a streamlined script (also python — I blame Sean Gillies for this nonsense) to do the same: geotype And Morgan Herlocker cryptically teased something called “GeoType” that seems to do %$#&in’ colors at the command line: . . . then upped the craziness: I thank you all — this is exactly the sort of thing I was looking for. Alternatives My colleagues Tristan Davies and Nick Husher pointed out two other solutions to my original problem: Use the geojson.io API (if the geometry is simple enough), or POST to a gist using the github API. Then in both cases just visit the URL. Jake Wasserman built yet another python tool to make that easier. But I’m a geohipster, and I prefer the cartographic equivalent of hand-milled artisanal mustache wax.

Book Review: Crochet Saved My Life Sunday, March 10, 2013 If you’ve ever turned to your hooks and yarn when times were hard, you will probably see yourself in Crochet Saved My Life: The Mental and Physical Health Benefits of Crochet. Kathryn Vercillo, the blogger behind Crochet Concupiscence, has written and self-published this compelling non-fiction book which tells the stories of 24 crocheters (including herself) who attest to the healing power of crochet. Kathryn’s personal experience using crochet as part of a comprehensive plan to manage her depression sparked her interest in researching the mental, physical, and social benefits of crochet. The book takes a journalistic approach to exploring research into the potential for using crochet as part of a treatment plan for several physical and mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, addiction, post traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, bipopular disorder, Alzheimer’s and other age related memory conditions, and stress). Kathryn also explores the use of crochet as part of pain management and occupational therapy regimens. Each chapter includes a clearly written overview of research as well as existing programs using crochet (or other needlecrafts) to treat these conditions. Kathryn’s writing style is accessible and casual, but she has clearly done her homework and documents her sources. She also peppers the anecdotal experiences of the many crocheters she interviewed for the book throughout the relevant chapters, so you can learn about how crochet helped them manage their health. The book includes appendices with mindfulness activities, hand stretches, and other exercises for crocheters. Kathryn also shares the complete story of each crafter she interviewed in “Meet the Crafters” profiles. Crocheters who are active online will recognize many of Kathryn’s interview subjects, who include bloggers, Etsy sellers, and designers. The profiles provide a personal touch and a window into the many ways that crocheting, creativity, and a community of crafters can support healing during difficult times. Although the book is self-published, it is well written and thoroughly edited. Other than the unconventional font (which is highly readable), there is little to distinguish it from a book produced by a major publishing house. Before picking up the book, I feared it would be depressing, but it is actually quite uplifting and inspiring. Through the profiles of these creative women, the reader gets to experience the healing powers of crochet. Fans of Kathryn’s blog will recognize her conversational tone and enjoy the opportunity to learn more about other active members of the online crochet community. This book would also make a delightful gift for anyone in a helping profession or caregivers, since there are some great suggestions for using crochet specifically and needlecrafts in general to support healing. Retail price: $17.95 (paperback), $9.99 (Kindle edition). This book is also available to borrow via the Kindle Lending Library for Amazon Prime Members. 1 comment: CGOA welcomes your comments! To help us avoid comment-spam, all comments are moderated. Damaging, hateful, profane, advertising, or solicitation comments will not be approved. If your comment is not approved, please feel free to reword it and post it again. For guild-related questions, please send an email to: cgoanow @ crochet.org (to help us avoid spam, cut and paste address into your email program and remove spaces from "@"). CGOA Member Pics from Chain Link Important Blog Information About This Blog CGOA Now! is the place to find book reviews, the latest news and information about CGOA, and general items of interest from the crochet community. The content of the blog is overseen by the Board of Directors and Chain Link editor Kim Guzman.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context="it.tiwiz.rxjavacrunch.part9.Part9Activity"> <TextView android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Retain configuration instance (value)" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/currentValue" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textAppearance="?android:textAppearanceLarge" android:padding="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:gravity="center" tools:text="10"/> </LinearLayout>

Q: Qual é a definição de delete JavaScript Me deparei com uma instrução onde o delete representa um tipo em JavaScript. Pelo menos foi o que eu entendi. Gostaria da ajuda de vocês pois não encontrei nenhuma referencia na internet. if (MvL.object.hasValue(domain.cpf) || MvL.object.hasValue(domain.cnpj)) { delete domain.nome_cliente; delete domain.cod_cgl; delete domain.uf; } A: delete não é um tipo, mas sim um operador remove uma propriedade de um objeto. No entanto, só irá funcionar em propriedades que possuam o atributo de propriedade [[Configurable]] definido como true. Veja: const obj = {}; obj.name = 'Luiz'; Object.defineProperty(obj, 'lastName', { enumerable: true, configurable: false // Não irá permitir que deletemos a propriedade `name`. }); console.log(obj); delete obj.name; delete obj.lastName; console.log(obj); No modo normal do JavaScript, se você tentar deletar uma propriedade não configurável, false será retornado. No entanto, se você estiver no modo estrito, um erro será lançado: 'use strict'; const obj = {}; Object.defineProperty(obj, 'lastName', { enumerable: true, configurable: false }); delete obj.lastName; // Uncaught TypeError: Cannot delete property 'lastName' Esse operador irá retornar true em todos os casos, exceto quando você tentar remover uma propriedade não configurável sem estar no modo estrito – já vimos que nesse último caso, um erro é lançado. Se, mesmo no modo estrito, você quiser receber um booleano false se não tiver conseguido deletar a propriedade, você pode usar o método Reflect.deleteProperty: 'use strict'; const obj = {}; obj.name = 'Luiz'; Object.defineProperty(obj, 'lastName', { enumerable: true, configurable: false }); console.log(obj); console.log(Reflect.deleteProperty(obj, 'name')); // true console.log(Reflect.deleteProperty(obj, 'lastName')); // false console.log(obj); Vale dizer que tanto delete quanto Reflect.deleteProperty retornarão true mesmo se a propriedade que você tentar deletar não existir.

The relationship between yogurt consumption, body weight, and metabolic profiles in youth with a familial predisposition to obesity. This study examined the relationship between yogurt consumption, family history of obesity (FHO), and health determinants. Youth (n = 198; mean age: 20 ± 0.5 years) from the Québec Family Study were first classified based on their FHO, defined as the presence or absence of at least one obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) parent [with FHO (FHO+; n = 112) or without FHO (FHO-; n = 86)] and then on their yogurt consumption [yogurt consumers (YC+) n = 61 or non-consumers (YC-) n = 137]. A two-factor mixed ANOVA was performed to evaluate the association between FHO, YC, and their interaction with health determinant such as weight and body composition, metabolic and behavioral profiles. There was a main effect of FHO, but not YC, for weight and body composition, but no interaction between YC and FHO for these measures. However, a significant interaction between YC and FHO was observed for fasting insulin (P = 0.02), insulin area under the curve (AUC) (P = 0.02), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; P = 0.03) after adjustment for studied covariates. Specifically, lower fasting plasma insulin, insulin AUC, and HOMA-IR were observed in FHO+ and YC+ youth compared to YC- youth of the same group while no differences were found between the FHO- sub-groups. Consuming yogurt may protect against insulin resistance more specifically among youth at risk of obesity, and this relationship appears to be independent of body composition and lifestyle factors measured in this study.

TCR down-regulation controls T cell homeostasis. TCR and cytokine receptor signaling play key roles in the complex homeostatic mechanisms that maintain a relative stable number of T cells throughout life. Despite the homeostatic mechanisms, a slow decline in naive T cells is typically observed with age. The CD3gamma di-leucine-based motif controls TCR down-regulation and plays a central role in fine-tuning TCR expression and signaling in T cells. In this study, we show that the age-associated decline of naive T cells is strongly accelerated in CD3gammaLLAA knock-in mice homozygous for a double leucine to alanine mutation in the CD3gamma di-leucine-based motif, whereas the number of memory T cells is unaffected by the mutation. This results in premature T cell population senescence with a severe dominance of memory T cells and very few naive T cells in middle-aged to old CD3gamma mutant mice. The reduced number of naive T cells in CD3gamma mutant mice was caused by the combination of reduced thymic output, decreased T cell apoptosis, and increased transition of naive T cells to memory T cells. Experiments with bone marrow chimeric mice confirmed that the CD3gammaLLAA mutation exerted a T cell intrinsic effect on T cell homeostasis that resulted in an increased transition of CD3gammaLLAA naive T cells to memory T cells and a survival advantage of CD3gammaLLAA T cells compared with wild-type T cells. The experimental observations were further supported by mathematical modeling of T cell homeostasis. Our study thus identifies an important role of CD3gamma-mediated TCR down-regulation in T cell homeostasis.

The 25% Discount that Cost Us $12,000 (Plus, a Big Announcement) - ph0rque http://www.groovehq.com/blog/discounting ====== eterm I'm confused, the article starts with "Don't do heavy discounting, don't give away your stuff too easily" then ends up "Here's a load of discounts!". What was the message you wanted to give? ~~~ mcintyre1994 They did say extended free trials did work for them, and while I struggle to believe long-term free users convert better than discounted users, that's what their data says. Most of their offers seem to be very extended free trials. ------ timje1 These article titles are very link-baity, regardless of their relevance to HN.

Q: Add Password Requirements to Membership Provider Do I need to make a Custom Membership Provider or is there another way? I have a project using ASP.NET Forms Authentication and the Microsoft SQL Membership Provider. The website is DONE. I use this provider everywhere. (Register, Login, Forgot Password, etc...) Until now, my website users have not needed complex passwords. The users' passwords were really just pins. The user could select anything for a password in the past. I had almost no restrictions for this website because none of the data is private or personal. However I have received new requirements. Here are the new password requirements: Passwords must be at least 8 characters in length. Passwords must be created using 3 of the following 4 character types: Uppercase Lowercase Numeric Punctuation Do not use your name or User ID in the password. Do not use old passwords again later. Passwords must be changed at least every 60 days. Passwords may not contain your User ID or any part of your full name. Password history retention will prohibit use of the last 24 passwords. Passwords may be changed by users only once in any 6-day period. I realize I am going to have to modify all of the following pages: Register, Login, Forgot Password, etc... fortunately I stopped using the default controls a long time ago. I appreciate your thoughts. My first thought was that I need to write a Custom Membership Provider. I don't know how to make the standard provider to do most of this. I could write code to do. Do I modify the aspnet_membership table? Should I add my own table aspnet_something? Can the user profile table be used for this problem? Do I need my own MembershipUser class? Thanks. A: You need to listen to the ValidatingPassword event. See ASP.NET Membership ChangePassword control - Need to check for previous password for sample code of how to do this.

Since I last blogged about #OccupyWallStreet, the organic movement has picked up even more momentum. It now appears that New York City’s “established left” is set to join this “mini-movement,” injecting it with more energy and enthusiasm heading into next week. Chris Bowers at DailyKos has a nice run down of how this gathering “has been growing rapidly,” while the Daily Intel quoted a political consultant saying, " it's become too big to ignore." I think the image that made everyone sit up and take note yesterday afternoon was the following image of hundreds pilots from United airlines showing up at the protest in their uniforms: That image somewhat shattered the narrative about this protest being some kind of gathering of hippie dippies with nothing better to do. As noted by Digby clearly “something’s happening out there.” The story became even more surreal thanks to a video that appeared to show “images of Wall Streeters drinking champagne from their balconies and kind laughing at these protesters. So what to make of all this. Matt Stoller spent few days with the protesters last week. He described it as a “church of dissent” at Naked Capitalism. Here are the two grafs that kind of hit me: What these people are doing is building, for lack of a better word, a church of dissent. It’s not a march, though marches are spinning off of the campground. It’s not even a protest, really. It is a group of people, gathered together, to create a public space seeking meaning in their culture. They are asserting, together, to each other and to themselves, “we matter." Meaning is a fundamental human need. The act of politicization, of building any movement, is based on individual, and then group self-confidence. As Daniel Ellsberg said, “courage is contagious”. I’m reminded of how Howard Dean campaign worker and current law professor Zephyr Teachout characterized the early antiwar blogosphere and then-radical campaign of Dean, as church-like in their community-building elements. That’s what #OccupyWallStreet reminded me of. Even the general assemblies, where people would speak, and others would respond, had a rhythmic quality to them, similar to churches or synagogues I’ve attended. I worked closely with Zephyr up in Burlington in the Howard Dean campaign. Those grafs are poignant because I have been thinking last few days about the massive protests that broke out all over the U.S. in February of 2003 against the Iraq war, while reflecting on #OccupyWallStreet. The big picture similarities in the political context around these two “protests” are striking. Let me elaborate on this point with some more thoughts threading the basic themes around this particular movement after the jump. I remember how the professional political class in DC generally overlooked that “movement” against the Iraq war by dismissing it as essentially just another peace march by hippies from the coastal cities. Similar dynamic seems to be playing out again. Stoller noted how some angry “establishment liberals are frustrated that this protest has no top-down messaging strategy.” I vividly remember how those protests – attended by thousands of activists in major cities around the U.S. and the world – barely got any attention in the American traditional media. Once again the major traditional media are mostly in a black out mode. Whenever they are covering it, they are either giving it lip service or eying with not so hidden condescension. I don’t have a lot of hope that the American traditional media will “get” what is really happening down there in Lower Manhattan. These protesters don’t have a 24/7 political operation, disguised as “cable news network” pumping up a corporate funded “protest” movement. I am not confident about other traditional news outlets finding their way out of the terrible spin labeling these protests as “undemocratic movement.” I am not sure if they will able to understand the common thread about how this particular movement in NYC and similar ones around the globe is rooted in “money corrupted governance.” Despite all of this, I will end this post with a positive note of possibility. Yet if folks think about the messaging concern is moot as the stories that are coming out of Liberty Plaza can be effortlessly threaded around the basic themes of getting Wall Street cash out of politics, creating jobs, and providing affordable education. It shouldn’t be that difficult for national progressive groups to go all in behind this “church of dissent” and give it more muscle in coming weeks, that could benefit an over arching progressive agenda coalesced around those themes. I wrote in my last post how this movement in New York City has given progressive groups a massive opportunity. It looks like the energy is only building in New York and it is spreading around the country. The question remains whether the established players in the national progressive community, including elected officials from the Democratic Party will dive in and go all in. This is their chance. Hopefully they don’t blow it like they did back in 2003. Don’t forget there are solidarity demonstrations this weekend...possibly one near you. Make sure to check out Facebook for more details. EDITOR'S NOTE: C&L is getting together donations for pizzas for the occupiers across the nation:

David Richard/Associated Press Cleveland Browns wide receiver Josh Gordon said "he's had something in his system for 'probably every game of his career,'" per Clay Skipper of GQ. Skipper noted the news in a Monday profile, pointing out Gordon hasn't played a game since the 2014 season and missed 51 of Cleveland's last 56 contests "because of struggles with substance abuse." Gordon has played 35 games for the Browns, all in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 seasons. This news comes after the Browns announced he will report to the team Tuesday. Having something in his system while playing didn't stop Gordon from tallying impressive numbers. He played all 16 games as a rookie in 2012 and posted 805 receiving yards and five touchdown receptions and then appeared well on his way to superstardom with 1,646 receiving yards and nine touchdown catches in 2013. However, he played just five games in 2014. Marc Sessler of NFL.com broke down the situation, noting the NFL announced Gordon—who is on the Commissioner's Exempt List—was reinstated on a conditional basis and can start practicing again on Nov. 20. He will be eligible to join the active roster on Nov. 27, although such a move would be at the Browns' discretion. In theory, Gordon could be available for Cleveland's final five games of the season. According to Sessler, Gordon said he entered a rehab facility last October to "gain full control of my life."

Interregional correlation of cerebral glucose metabolism in unmedicated schizophrenia. To investigate metabolic relationships between different brain regions in schizophrenia, we measured regional brain metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in 15 unmedicated schizophrenic patients and 15 healthy subjects. We analyzed correlations between glucose metabolism data of multiple brain regions using factorial analysis and correlation coefficient comparisons. Absolute regional intercorrelations in schizophrenic brains were found to be significantly stronger than in controls, in relationship to the greater variability of metabolic rates in schizophrenic patients. Variability of normalized metabolic rates and regional intercorrelations were not significantly different between schizophrenic patients and control subjects. We conclude that a global metabolic factor accounts for the variability of metabolic data in untreated schizophrenia.

Purification and characterization of sialyl-Le(a)-carrying mucins of human bile; evidence for the presence of MUC1 and MUC3 apoproteins. Purification of sialyl-Le(a)-carrying mucins from primary human bile by trichloroacetic acid precipitation, delipidation, and gel filtration in guanidinium chloride gave three separable fractions, one of which was further purified by affinity chromatography. These fractions, named SBG1 (for soluble bile glycoprotein), SBG2, and SBG3 had molecular masses of > 1100, 800-950, and 100-250 kDa, respectively, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their mucin characteristics were indicated by a high carbohydrate content, ranging from 74 to 95%. The carbohydrate compositions indicated the presence of very long fucosylated polylactosamine chains. Amino acid analyses showed high abundance of serine and threonine in all three fractions (19-36%), confirming their mucin-like nature. Immunochemical analyses of deglycosylated samples detected the MUC1 mucin apoprotein in SBG2 and the MUC3 protein in SBG1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a MUC3 mucin being purified. This mucin showed no significant reduction in size upon trypsin treatment or disulfide bond reduction and alkylation. Gel filtration of three samples of secondary bile showed that the size distribution of sialyl-Le(a)-carrying glycoproteins was similar to that found in primary bile, and immunochemical analysis showed that the MUC1 protein was present in all three samples. In one sample an additional fraction was isolated, which was insoluble in 6 M guanidinium chloride, but was solubilized upon reduction and alkylation. mRNAs from gallbladder epithelia were analyzed in Northern blot hybridizations showing that the MUC1 and MUC3 but not the MUC2 mucin apoprotein genes were expressed.

Power Cables For large utility applications, providing power to large building developments means ensuring continuity of supply using the most robust of cables. These include the installation of XLPE insulated (cross-linked polyethylene), PVC sheathed armoured cable usually underground. These cables are maintenance-free, have low electrical losses, are environmentally friendly and unaffected by weather condition and are a solution particularly where power cables serve large densely populated ares.

Inker RECENT ACTIVITY The passions of one of history's greatest artists are captured in this volume collecting the dark and provacative 10-issue Vertigo maxiseries. Framed around the story of Salai, a young man whose beauty entrances the great maestro, CHIAROSCURO follows the struggles and triumphs of da Vinci's illustrious career, from his early work in Florence and Milan to the painting of the Mona Lisa and his epochal rivalry with Michaelangelo.

WAT - Cassandra: Row level consistency #$@&%*! TL;DR Cassandra is not row level consistent!!! We published a blog post about some surprising and unexpected behaviors while using Apache Cassandra/DataStax Enterprise some weeks back. Recently, we encountered even more WAT moments and I believe this one is the most distressing. In a nutshell: We discovered corrupted data and it took us a while to understand what was happening and why that data was corrupt. Let’s dive into the problem: Imagine a table with a primary key to identify an entity. Each entity can have a boolean state to mark it as locked. Additionally, each entity has a revision counter which is incremented on changes to the entity. CREATE TABLE locks ( id text PRIMARY KEY, lock boolean, revision bigint ); For an initial lock of the entity ‘Tom’ we execute an INSERT . Since we need to make sure that no one else is obtaining the lock at the same time we make use of a Lightweight transaction (LWT) using IF NOT EXISTS . It is possible that something goes wrong or our application even dies before releasing the lock, resulting in deadlocked entities where lock stays true . To ensure that the lock is released in such a case, we release the lock after a certain amount of time. This is achieved by using Cassandra’s Time To Live ( TTL ) feature. INSERT INTO locks (id, lock, revision) VALUES ('Tom', true, 1) IF NOT EXISTS USING TTL 20; Great! After finishing some other calculations for our entity Tom, we release the lock via a simple UPDATE: UPDATE locks SET lock=false, revision=2 WHERE id='Tom'; The result should look like this: SELECT * FROM locks WHERE id='Tom'; id | lock | revision -----+-------+---------- Tom | False | 2 To our surprise this was not always the case. In ~0.1% of the rows the result looked like this: SELECT * FROM locks WHERE id='Tom'; id | lock | revision -----+------+---------- Tom | null | 2 Given the queries we are using, the row should not be in a state where lock is null and a revision is set at the same time. After deeper investigations of audit logs and a deep dive into the SSTables it turned out that we did run into a timestamp tie. The cluster node our client is talking to sees a stream of changes with two or more changes happening to the same entry in the lock table at the exact same time. Obviously the calculation we are doing in between acquiring the lock and releasing it is not taking enough time (microseconds). Interesting, so what is the resolution strategy for multiple updates at the same time? “[…] if there are two updates, the one with the lexically larger value is selected. […]” [1] lexical larger value? LEXICAL LARGER VALUE?? So what happens to our statements? When the acquire and release of the lock happen at the same exact time, Cassandra will compare on cell level, I repeat, CELL LEVEL which one is greater and will choose the value for this cell from the query for the final state. For the lock column this means: true > false so it will take that portion of the INSERT . For the revision column the UPDATE query will win since 2 > 1 . Due to the usage of TTL its content will be removed after 20 seconds… hence the column for lock will become null , #$@&%!!! There is no row level consistency in Cassandra, #$@&%!!! Workaround The latter release UPDATE will also be executed using LWT. When a tie happens using LWT it will return with applied = false . In these cases we just retry the release query… Possible Cassandra Improvements The server should log timestamp ties. We were just lucky to find the glitch in the data: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-12587 Since the origin of the competing query is the same process, a sequence number should be sufficient to define order: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-6123 [1] - http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/faq/index.html#what-happens-if-two-updates-are-made-with-the-same-timestamp

Life at the epicentre: my first year at North York General Hospital. My inaugural year at NYGH neatly bisects, with the two halves marked by decidedly different challenges. The first six months brought its share of difficulties, and with it some tests of will on my part. But it all paled in comparison with what followed, as we coped with the outbreak of SARS.

--- contrib/virt.te 2012-11-25 21:35:09.181247450 +0100 +++ contrib/virt.te 2012-11-25 21:34:09.223216815 +0100 @@ -281,7 +281,11 @@ userdom_search_user_home_dirs(virt_domain) userdom_read_all_users_state(virt_domain) -qemu_exec(virt_domain) +ifdef(`distro_gentoo',` + optional_policy(` + qemu_exec(virt_domain) + ') +') tunable_policy(`virt_use_execmem',` allow virt_domain self:process { execmem execstack };

Q: How does MS Entity Framework map from the conceptual model to CLR types? Given an Entity Data Model (EDMX) with "Code Generation Strategy" set to "None", how does EF determine which CLR types to map the conceptual model to? I think I read somewhere that it just probes the assembly for types that match the conceptual model, but that was in reference to a CTP edition of EF. Is this still the case? Can I control this process somehow? In particular, I am in a scenario where I am moving a substantial codebase from using Linq2SQL to using POCO with EF 4.0. Thus, I have the Linq2SQL classes as well as my POCO classes, for now residing in the same assembly, but in different namespaces. I'm trying to have a smooth migration from L2S to EF so I would like to have the two frameworks run in parallel for a while. However, I get a runtime-error saying The mapping of CLR type to EDM type is ambiguous because multiple CLR types match the EDM type 'SomeType'. Previously found CLR type 'SomeNamespace.SomeType', newly found CLR type 'SomeNamespace.POCO.SomeType' where SomeNamespace is the namespace of the L2S entities. This error makes sense if EF is just probing for all types matching the conceptual model. Can I confine EF to only probe the SomeNamespace.POCO namespace? Or should I put my POCO objects in another assembly? Or should I take a third approach? Thank you. A: Notice this comment from the ADO.NET team blog: Jeff 25 Feb 2010 9:10 AM @Derek This is intentional. You can put your POCO classes in whatever namespace you'd like. The Entity Framework's by convention mechanism for detecting which properties on the entity match the properties of entities in your model does not use Namespace. What matters is that the type name (without namespace) matches the EntityType name in your model (edmx/csdl file). One area to watch out for is if you have multiple types with the same name but in different namespaces. Because we don't account for namespace, we detect that we've found multiple types and we throw an exception. Jeff See this article: link text

Satin Printed Fit and Flare Homecoming Dress from JVN by Jovani Options Return Policy Details Be fun and flirty in the Satin Printed Fit and Flare Homecoming Dress from JVN by Jovani. This sassy style has a sweetheart neckline, a fitted bodice, and a tiered A-line skirt. Complete this adorable look with gemstone chandelier earrings and an embellished handbag.

This issue was published in two versions, One by Marvel Comics, the other by Whitman Publishing.The Whitman version has the "W" logo replacing the Comics code logo, but the rest of the comic is the same.

Wednesday on MSNBC’s “Morning Joe,” New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd said George H.W. Bush called Donald Trump a curse word and threw his shoe at the television when Trump was on. Dowd said, “I think, you know, that Donald Trump would be incomprehensible to him literally. And even that was 2011, so in our wildest imagination we couldn’t imagine that Trump would be the nominee and that he would, you know, eviscerate H.W.’s dream of Jeb in the White House with two words, ‘low energy.’ All of that was unimaginable.” She continued, “I asked him about Donald Trump because at that point Trump was leading the birther movement and H.W. was talking about how much he liked Bill Clinton and Obama and I asked him what do you think of this Trump birther thing and he just said … am I allowed to say that word on air? … He said, you know, in essence, he’s a jerk — with a different word.” She added, “I heard later that he was throwing a shoe at the television set when Trump came on. You know he was a man with enormous civility and I don’t think he could understand this.” Follow Pam Key on Twitter @pamkeyNEN

Jacob et Wilhelm Grimm Contes J'ai lu Librio Flammarion Dépôt légal : juin 2015 © E.J.L., 2015 pour le supplément pédagogique ISBN numérique : 9782290117965 ISBN du pdf web : 9782290117972 Le livre a été imprimé sous les références : ISBN : 9782290112465 Ce document numérique a été réalisé par PCA **Présentation de l'éditeur : **Il était une fois un meunier, un gentil garçon, une fille paresseuse ; il était une fois un soldat, un maître sorcier, une adorable fillette que tout le monde aimait ; un bûcheron pauvre et ses deux enfants ; un roi, une reine et leur fille unique ; une jeune fille aux souliers rouges : il était une fois de merveilleux contes issus des récits poétiques de la culture allemande. Ce recueil rassemble les plus célèbres contes des frères Grimm, parmi lesquels La Belle au Bois Dormant, Jeannot et Margot, Cendrillon, Le Petit Chaperon rouge, Le Voyage du Petit-Poucet, Le Fiancé brigand, Le Conte du crapaud. Couverture : Le Petit Chaperon rouge s'arrête pour cueillir des fleurs. Illustration par John HASSAL (1868-1948 ) © Collection Grob/Kharbine Tapabor **Biographie de l'auteur : **Jacob (1785 - 1863) et Wilhelm Grimm (1786 - 1859) Écrivains et philologues allemands, les deux frères rassemblèrent et publièrent les contes et légendes germaniques, transformant ainsi une tradition orale en oeuvre immortelle. DANS LA MÊME COLLECTION _Les Éparges_ , Librio no 1130 _La Peine de mort_ , Librio no 1129 _Un humaniste, et autres nouvelles à chute_ , Librio no 1128 _La Parure_ , Librio no 1104 _Alcools,_ Librio no 1094 _Le Tour du monde en 80 jours_ , no 1059 _Le Silence blanc_ , Librio no 856 _Médée_ , Librio no 527 _Phèdre_ , Librio no 301 _L'Odyssée_ , Librio no 300 _Le Chat noir_ , Librio no 213 _L'Ingénu_ , Librio no 180 _Pierre et Jean_ , Librio no 151 _L'Étrange Cas du Dr Jekyll et Mr. Hyde_ , Librio no 113 _Orphée_ , Librio no 75 _Le Dernier Jour d'un condamné_ , Librio no 70 _La Princesse de Clèves_ , Librio no 57 _Candide_ , no 31 _Boule de Suif_ , Librio no 27 _Le Cid_ , Librio no 21 _Le Bateau ivre_ , Librio no 18 _Roméo et Juliette_ , Librio no 9 # Blanche-Neige Il était une fois, en plein hiver, quand les flocons descendaient du ciel comme des plumes et du duvet, une reine qui était assise et cousait devant une fenêtre qui avait un encadrement de bois d'ébène, noir et profond. Et tandis qu'elle cousait négligemment tout en regardant la belle neige au-dehors, la reine se piqua le doigt avec son aiguille et trois petites gouttes de sang tombèrent sur la neige. C'était si beau, ce rouge sur la neige, qu'en le voyant la reine songea : « Oh ! si je pouvais avoir un enfant aussi blanc que la neige, aussi vermeil que le sang et aussi noir de cheveux que l'ébène de cette fenêtre ! » Bientôt après, elle eut une petite fille qui était blanche comme la neige, vermeille comme le sang et noire de cheveux comme le bois d'ébène, et Blanche-Neige fut son nom à cause de cela. Mais la reine mourut en la mettant au monde. Au bout d'un an, le roi prit une autre femme qui était très belle, mais si fière et si orgueilleuse de sa beauté qu'elle ne pouvait supporter qu'une autre la surpassât. Elle possédait un miroir magique avec lequel elle parlait quand elle allait s'y contempler : _Miroir, gentil miroir, dis-moi, dans le royaume_ _Qui est la femme la plus belle ?_ Et le miroir lui répondait : _Vous êtes la plus belle du pays, Madame_. Alors la reine était contente, car elle savait que le miroir disait la vérité. Blanche-Neige cependant grandissait peu à peu et devenait toujours plus belle ; et quand elle eut sept ans, elle était belle comme le jour et bien plus belle que la reine elle-même. Et quand la reine, un jour, questionna son miroir : _Miroir, gentil miroir, dis-moi, dans le royaume Quelle est de toutes la plus belle ?_ Le miroir répondit : _Dame la reine, ici vous êtes la plus belle,_ _Mais Blanche-Neige l'est mille fois plus que vous_. La reine sursauta et devint jaune, puis verte de jalousie ; à partir de cette heure-là, elle ne pouvait plus voir Blanche-Neige sans que le cœur lui chavirât dans la poitrine tant elle la haïssait. L'orgueil poussa dans son cœur, avec la jalousie, comme pousse la mauvaise herbe, ne lui laissant aucun repos ni de jour, ni de nuit. Elle appela un chasseur et lui dit : « Tu vas prendre l'enfant et l'emmener au loin dans la forêt : je ne veux plus la voir devant mes yeux. Tu la tueras et tu me rapporteras son foie et ses poumons en témoignage. » Le chasseur obéit et emmena l'enfant ; mais quand il tira son couteau de chasse pour le plonger dans le cœur innocent de Blanche-Neige, elle se mit à pleurer et lui dit : — Oh ! laisse-moi la vie sauve, mon bon chasseur : je m'enfuirai à travers bois et ne reparaîtrai jamais ! Elle était si belle que le chasseur s'apitoya et lui dit : « Sauve-toi, ma pauvre petite ! » Il était certain, au-dedans de lui-même, que les bêtes sauvages auraient tôt fait de la dévorer ; mais il n'en avait pas moins le cœur soulagé d'un gros poids en évitant ainsi de la tuer de sa main ; et comme un marcassin passait par là, il l'abattit et le dépouilla, rapportant son foie et ses poumons à la reine, en guise de preuve. Il fallut que le cuisinier les mît au sel et les fît cuire, après quoi la mauvaise femme les mangea, croyant se repaître du foie et des poumons de Blanche-Neige. Dans la vaste forêt, la malheureuse fillette était désespérément seule et tellement apeurée qu'elle regardait, pour ainsi dire, derrière chaque feuille sur les arbres, ne sachant que faire ni que devenir. Elle commença à courir, s'écorchant aux épines et sur les pierres pointues, voyant sauter devant elle les bêtes sauvages qui venaient la frôler, mais qui ne lui faisaient pas de mal. Tant que ses petits pieds voulurent bien la porter, elle courut ainsi droit devant elle, et quand tomba la nuit, n'en pouvant plus, elle eut la chance de voir une toute petite maison où elle entra pour se reposer. Tout était petit dans cette maison en miniature, mais si propre et si charmant que c'est impossible de le dire. Il y avait une petite table qui était déjà mise, avec sa nappe blanche et sept petites assiettes ayant chacune son couvert : le petit couteau, la petite cuillère, la petite fourchette et le petit gobelet. Sept petits lits s'alignaient côte à côte le long du mur, bien faits, et tous avec de beaux draps blancs et frais. Blanche-Neige avait si grand-faim et si terriblement soif qu'elle prit et mangea un petit peu dans chaque petite assiette, puis but une gorgée de vin dans chaque petit gobelet ; à chaque place aussi, elle avait pris une bouchée de pain. Après, comme elle était si fatiguée, elle voulut se coucher, mais aucun des petits lits n'était à sa taille : celui-ci était trop long, celui-là trop court, un autre trop étroit ; bref, elle les essaya tous, et le septième enfin lui alla parfaitement. Elle y resta couchée, fit sa prière et s'endormit. Les maîtres du petit logis ne rentrèrent chez eux que lorsqu'il faisait déjà nuit noire, et c'étaient les sept nains qui piochent et creusent les montagnes pour trouver les filons de minerai. Ils allumèrent leurs petites bougies et s'aperçurent, avec la lumière, que quelqu'un était entré chez eux, parce que tout n'était pas parfaitement en ordre ni exactement comme ils l'avaient laissé en partant. — Qui s'est assis sur ma petite chaise ? demanda le premier. — Qui a mangé dans ma petite assiette ? fit le second. — Qui a pris un morceau de mon petit pain ? dit le troisième. — Qui m'a pris un peu de ma petite potée ? s'étonna le quatrième. — Qui a sali ma petite fourchette ? questionna le cinquième. — Qui s'est servi de mon petit couteau ? interrogea le sixième. — Qui a bu dans mon petit gobelet ? s'inquiéta le septième enfin. Le premier, en regardant un peu partout autour de lui, vit alors qu'il y avait un creux dans son lit et il s'exclama : « Qui s'est allongé sur mon petit lit ? » Les six autres accoururent et s'écrièrent tous, les uns après les autres : « Dans mon lit aussi quelqu'un s'est couché ! » Tous, sauf le septième, toutefois, qui arriva devant son lit et vit Blanche-Neige qui y était couchée et qui dormait. Il appela les autres qui galopèrent jusque-là et poussèrent des cris de surprise et d'admiration en levant haut leurs petits bougeoirs pour éclairer Blanche-Neige. — Ô mon Dieu ! Ô mon Dieu ! s'exclamaient-ils tous, la belle enfant ! Comme elle est mignonne ! Comme elle est jolie ! Leur joie était si grande qu'ils ne voulurent pas la réveiller et la laissèrent dormir dans le lit où elle était. Le septième nain s'en alla dormir avec ses compagnons, une heure avec chacun et la nuit fut passée. Au jour, quand Blanche-Neige se réveilla, elle eut grand-peur en voyant les sept nains ; mais ils se montrèrent très amicaux avec elle et lui demandèrent : — Comment t'appelles-tu ? — Je m'appelle Blanche-Neige, leur répondit-elle. — Comment es-tu venue dans notre maison ? Elle leur raconta que sa marâtre avait voulu la faire mourir, mais que le chasseur lui avait laissé la vie sauve et qu'elle avait couru toute la journée sans s'arrêter, jusqu'au moment qu'elle avait trouvé leur maisonnette. — Veux-tu prendre soin de notre ménage ? lui demandèrent les nains. Tu ferais la cuisine, les lits, la lessive, la couture, le tricot, et si tu tiens tout bien propre et bien en ordre, nous pourrions te garder avec nous et tu ne manquerais de rien. — Oh ! oui, de tout mon cœur ! dit Blanche-Neige. (Et elle resta avec eux.) Elle leur faisait le ménage et leur tenait la petite maison bien propre et bien en ordre, et les nains s'en allaient le matin chercher dans la montagne les minéraux et l'or ; ils ne revenaient qu'à la nuit, et il fallait alors que leur repas fût prêt. Toute la longue journée Blanche-Neige restait seule, et les gentils petits nains l'avertirent prudemment et lui dirent : « Tiens-toi bien sur tes gardes à cause de ta belle-mère : elle ne tardera pas à savoir que tu es ici. Ne laisse donc entrer personne ! » La reine, en effet, quand elle crut avoir mangé le foie et les poumons de Blanche-Neige, ne douta plus dans sa pensée d'être de nouveau la première et la plus belle du royaume. Elle s'en alla devant son miroir et lui parla : _Miroir, gentil miroir, dis-moi, dans le royaume_ _Quelle est de toutes la plus belle ?_ Alors le miroir répondit : _Dame la reine, ici vous êtes la plus belle_ , _Mais Blanche-Neige sur les monts_ _Là-bas, chez les sept nains_ , _Est belle plus que vous, et mille fois au moins !_ Elle frémit, car elle savait que le miroir ne pouvait pas dire un mensonge, et elle sut ainsi que le chasseur l'avait trompée et que Blanche-Neige vivait toujours. Alors elle se mit à réfléchir et à réfléchir encore au moyen de la supprimer, car si la reine n'était pas la plus belle de tout le pays, la jalousie la dévorait et ne la laissait pas en repos. Et pour finir, quand elle eut forgé quelque chose, elle se barbouilla le visage et se rendit méconnaissable en s'habillant comme une vieille colporteuse. Accoutrée et grimée de la sorte, elle passa les sept montagnes jusque chez les sept nains et frappa à la porte en lançant le cri de la colporteuse : « De beaux articles à vendre ! Rien que du beau, je vends ! » Blanche-Neige vint regarder à la fenêtre et cria : — Bonjour, ma bonne dame, qu'est-ce que vous vendez ? — Du bel article, du bon article, répondit-elle, du lacet de toutes les couleurs ! En même temps elle en tirait un pour le montrer : un beau lacet tressé de soies multicolores. « Cette brave femme, pensa Blanche-Neige, je peux la laisser entrer ! » Elle déverrouilla et la fit entrer pour lui acheter le beau lacet multicolore qu'elle voulait mettre à son corset. — Mais mon enfant, de quoi as-tu l'air ? s'exclama la vieille. Viens ici, que je lace un peu proprement ! Blanche-Neige, sans méfiance, vint se planter devant la vieille et la laissa lui mettre le nouveau lacet ; mais la vieille passa si vite le lacet et le serra si fort que Blanche-Neige ne put plus respirer, suffoqua et tomba comme morte. — Et voilà pour la plus belle ! ricana la vieille qui sortit précipitamment. Le soir venu (mais ce n'était pas bien longtemps après) les sept nains rentrèrent à la maison : quel ne fut pas leur effroi en voyant leur chère Blanche-Neige qui gisait sur le sol, inerte et immobile comme si elle était morte ! Ils la redressèrent tout d'abord, et voyant comme elle était sanglée dans son corset, ils se hâtèrent d'en couper le lacet ; le souffle lui revint petit à petit et elle se ranima peu à peu. Lorsque les nains apprirent ce qu'il lui était arrivé, ils lui dirent : « Cette vieille colporteuse n'était nulle autre que la maudite reine. À l'avenir, garde-toi bien et ne laisse entrer nul être vivant quand nous n'y sommes pas ! » La méchante femme, de son côté, aussitôt rentrée chez elle s'en alla devant son miroir et le questionna : _Miroir, gentil miroir, dis-moi, dans le royaume_ _Quelle est de toutes la plus belle ?_ Et le miroir répondit comme devant : _Dame la reine, ici vous êtes la plus belle_ , _Mais Blanche-Neige sur les monts_ _Là-bas, chez les sept nains_ , _Est plus belle que vous, et mille fois au moins !_ Son sang s'arrêta quand elle entendit ces paroles qui lui révélaient que Blanche-Neige, une fois encore, avait pu échapper à la mort. « À présent, pensa-t-elle, je vais composer quelque chose à quoi tu n'échapperas pas ! » Recourant alors aux artifices des sorcières qu'elle connaissait bien, elle fabriqua un peigne empoisonné. Ensuite elle se grima et s'habilla en vieille femme, mais avec un autre air que la fois précédente. Ainsi travestie, elle passa les sept montagnes pour aller jusque chez les sept nains, frappa à la porte et cria : — Beaux articles à vendre ! Beaux articles ! Blanche-Neige regarda dehors et cria : — Allez-vous-en plus loin ! Je ne dois laisser entrer personne dans la maison ! — Il n'est pas défendu de regarder ! répondit la fausse vieille en tirant le peigne empoisonné pour le lui faire voir à travers la fenêtre. La petite le trouva si beau qu'elle ne put pas résister et qu'elle ouvrit la porte pour acheter le peigne à cette vieille femme. — Et à présent laisse-moi faire, lui dit la vieille, je vais te peigner un peu comme il faut ! La pauvre Blanche-Neige, sans réfléchir, laissa faire la vieille, qui lui passa le peigne dans les cheveux ; mais à peine avait-elle commencé que le poison foudroya Blanche-Neige, qui tomba de tout son long et resta là, sans connaissance. — Et voilà pour toi, merveille de beauté ! ricana la vieille qui s'éloigna bien vite. Par bonheur, la nuit ne tarda pas à venir et les sept nains à rentrer. En voyant Blanche-Neige étendue sur le sol, ils pensèrent tout de suite à l'affreuse marâtre, cherchèrent ce qu'elle avait bien pu faire et trouvèrent le peigne empoisonné ; dès qu'ils l'eurent ôté de ses cheveux, Blanche-Neige revint à elle et leur raconta ce qu'il lui était arrivé. De nouveau, ils la mirent en garde et lui recommandèrent de ne jamais plus ouvrir la porte à qui que ce soit. Quant à la reine, aussitôt son retour, elle alla s'asseoir devant son miroir et demanda : _Miroir, gentil miroir, dis-moi, dans le royaume_ _Quelle est de toutes la plus belle ?_ Et le miroir répondit encore comme auparavant : _Dame la reine, ici vous êtes la plus belle_ , _Mais Blanche-Neige sur les monts_ _Là-bas, chez les sept nains_ , _Est plus belle que vous, et mille fois au moins !_ Quand le miroir eut ainsi parlé, la reine trembla de rage et de fureur et s'écria : — Il faut que Blanche-Neige meure, même si je dois y laisser ma vie ! Alors elle alla s'enfermer dans une chambre secrète où personne n'entrait jamais, et là, elle confectionna un terrible poison avec lequel elle fit une pomme empoisonnée, mais alors empoisonnée ! Extérieurement, elle était très belle, bien blanche avec des joues rouges, et si appétissante que nul ne pouvait la voir sans en avoir envie ; mais une seule bouchée, et c'était la mort. Lorsque ses préparatifs furent achevés avec la pomme, la reine se brunit la figure et se costuma en paysanne, puis se rendit chez les sept nains en passant les sept montagnes. Quand elle eut frappé à la porte, Blanche-Neige passa la tête par la fenêtre et lui dit : — Je ne peux laisser entrer personne au monde : les sept nains me l'ont défendu. — Cela m'est égal, dit la paysanne, je saurai bien me débarrasser quand même de mes pommes. Tiens, je vais t'en donner une ! — Non, merci, dit Blanche-Neige. Je ne dois rien accepter non plus. — Aurais-tu peur du poison ? dit la paysanne. Regarde : je coupe la pomme en deux ; la moitié rouge, c'est pour toi, et la blanche, je la mange, moi. Parce que la pomme avait été faite si astucieusement que la moitié rouge était seule empoisonnée. Blanche-Neige avait grande envie de cette belle pomme, et quand elle vit la paysanne croquer à belles dents dans sa moitié de pomme, elle ne put pas résister et tendit le bras pour prendre l'autre moitié. Mais à peine la première bouchée fut-elle dans sa bouche qu'elle tomba morte sur le plancher. La reine l'examina avec des regards cruels et partit d'un grand éclat de rire, en s'écriant cette fois avec satisfaction : — Blanche comme neige, rouge comme sang, noire comme le bois d'ébène, ce coup-ci les nains ne pourront plus te ranimer ! Et dès qu'elle fut devant son miroir, elle le questionna : _Miroir, gentil miroir, dis-moi, dans le royaume_ _Quelle est de toutes la plus belle ?_ Alors et enfin, le miroir répondit : _Vous êtes la plus belle du pays, Madame !_ Et là, son cœur envieux fut apaisé, autant que peut être apaisé un cœur envieux. Les nains, quand ils revinrent le soir à la maison, trouvèrent Blanche-Neige étendue sur le plancher ; mais cette fois elle n'avait plus de souffle et elle était vraiment morte. Ils la relevèrent ; ils cherchèrent bien partout s'ils ne trouvaient pas quelque chose d'empoisonné ; ils lui défirent son corset ; ils peignèrent ses cheveux ; ils la lavèrent avec de l'eau, puis avec du vin : mais rien de tout cela n'y fit ; morte elle était, la chère petite, et morte elle resta. Ils la couchèrent sur une civière, et tous les sept, ils restèrent à côté et la pleurèrent pendant trois jours. Puis ils pensèrent à l'enterrer ; mais elle était encore aussi fraîche que si elle eût été vivante et elle avait encore toutes ses couleurs et ses belles joues rouges. — Nous ne pouvons pas l'enfouir comme cela dans la terre noire ! dirent-ils. Alors ils lui firent faire un cercueil de verre afin qu'on pût la voir de tous les côtés, puis ils l'y couchèrent et écrivirent dessus son nom en lettres d'or, en grandes, belles lettres capitales, sous lesquelles ils écrivirent encore qu'elle était une princesse, fille de roi. Ensuite ils portèrent le cercueil au haut de la montagne ; et depuis ce moment-là il y eut toujours l'un des sept qui y resta pour la garder. Et les bêtes y venaient aussi et pleuraient Blanche-Neige : d'abord ce fut une chouette, puis un corbeau, et une colombe en dernier. Longtemps, longtemps Blanche-Neige resta là, dans son cercueil de verre, sans changer du tout ; le temps passa et passa, mais elle était toujours aussi fraîche, aussi blanche que neige, aussi vermeille que le sang, aussi noire de cheveux que l'ébène poli, et elle avait l'air de dormir. Et puis un jour, il arriva qu'un prince, qui s'était égaré dans la forêt, passa la nuit dans la maison des nains. Il vit sur la montagne le cercueil dans lequel était exposée Blanche-Neige, qu'il admira beaucoup, et il lut aussi ce qui était écrit dessus en grandes lettres d'or. Alors il dit aux nains : — Laissez-moi emporter le cercueil : je vous donnerai en échange ce que vous voudrez. — Pour tout l'or du monde, tu ne pourras nous l'acheter ! répondirent-ils. — Alors donnez-le-moi, reprit le prince, parce que je ne puis pas vivre sans admirer Blanche-Neige, et je la traiterai et la vénérerai comme ma bien-aimée, comme ce que j'ai de plus cher au monde ! Les bons nains, en entendant ses paroles, s'émurent de compassion pour lui et lui donnèrent le cercueil. Le prince le fit prendre par ses serviteurs, qui le chargèrent sur leurs épaules et l'emportèrent. Mais voilà qu'ils trébuchèrent contre une racine en le portant, et la secousse fit rendre à Blanche-Neige le morceau de pomme qui lui était resté dans le gosier. Ainsi libérée, elle ouvrit les yeux, souleva le couvercle de verre et se redressa, ayant retrouvé la vie. — Ô mon Dieu, mais où suis-je ? s'exclama-t-elle. — Tu es près de moi ! lui répondit le prince tout heureux, avant de lui raconter ce qui s'était passé. Puis il dit : — Je t'aime et tu m'es plus chère que tout au monde. Viens, accompagne-moi au château de mon père : tu seras mon épouse. Alors Blanche-Neige s'éprit de lui et elle l'accompagna, et leurs noces furent célébrées dans la magnificence et la somptuosité. Mais à ce grand mariage princier, la reine terrible et maudite marâtre de Blanche-Neige fut invitée aussi ; et quand elle se fut richement habillée et parée, elle alla devant son miroir pour lui poser sa question : _Miroir, gentil miroir, dis-moi, dans le royaume_ _Qui est la femme la plus belle ?_ Et le miroir lui répondit : _Dame la reine, ici vous êtes la plus belle,_ _Mais la nouvelle reine est mille fois plus belle_. Un juron échappa à l'horrible femme qui fut prise d'effroi, d'un tel effroi qu'elle ne savait plus que devenir. Pour commencer, son idée fut de ne pas aller du tout aux fêtes du mariage ; mais elle ne put y tenir et il fallut qu'elle y allât, dévorée par la jalousie, pour voir cette jeune reine. Lorsqu'elle fit son entrée, elle reconnut immédiatement Blanche-Neige, et la peur qu'elle en eut la cloua sur place, sa terreur l'empêcha de bouger. Mais on lui avait déjà préparé des souliers de fer qui étaient sur le feu, à rougir : on les lui apporta avec des tenailles et on les mit devant elle, l'obligeant à s'en chausser et à danser, à danser dans ces escarpins de fer rouge jusqu'à sa mort, qui suivit bientôt. # Les Trois Fileuses Il était une fois une fille paresseuse et qui ne voulait pas filer ; sa mère avait beau dire et faire ce qu'elle voulait, elle ne parvenait à rien avec elle. À la fin, la mère perdit patience et s'emporta d'une si grande colère qu'elle battit sa fille ; et la fille poussa des cris et pleura sans retenue. La reine, qui passait justement par là, entendit ces pleurs et ces gémissements ; elle fit arrêter son carrosse, entra dans la maison et demanda à la mère pourquoi sa fille pleurait à en ameuter tout le voisinage. Honteuse d'avoir à révéler la paresse de sa fille, la femme déclara : « C'est que je n'arrive pas à lui faire lâcher son fuseau ! Elle est là qui file et qui file sans arrêt, et moi je suis pauvre et je ne puis pas lui fournir le lin. — Je n'aime rien tant que le bruit de rouet qui tourne, dit la reine, et je me plais à entendre filer. Laissez votre fille venir avec moi au château : j'ai du lin en quantité et elle pourra filer autant qu'il lui plaira. » La mère en fut bien aise dans son cœur, et la reine emmena la jeune fille. Quand elles furent au château, la reine conduisit la jeune fille à trois chambres qui, du plancher au plafond, étaient pleines du plus beau lin. « Tout le lin que tu vois là, dit la reine, tu vas me le filer à présent ; et quand tu auras fini, tu auras mon fils aîné comme mari ; si pauvre que tu sois, je n'y prendrai pas garde : ton zèle persévérant te suffira comme dot. » La jeune fille en eut froid dans le dos, car tout le lin qu'il y avait là, jamais elle ne pourrait arriver à le filer, même si elle vivait pendant trois cents ans et travaillait sans s'arrêter du matin au soir sans sauter un seul jour ! Elle n'en laissa rien voir ; mais dès qu'elle fut seule, elle se mit à pleurer et resta trois longs jours dans ses larmes, sans seulement bouger le petit doigt. Le troisième jour, la reine reparut et fut très étonnée en voyant que la jeune fille n'avait rien fait du tout ; mais la jeune fille s'excusa en prétendant que son chagrin d'être loin de chez elle et de sa mère l'avait troublée et empêchée de s'y mettre. La reine s'en contenta, mais au moment de s'en aller lui dit : « Demain, il faut que tu commences à travailler. » Dès qu'elle fut seule à nouveau, la jeune fille se demanda désespérément comment elle allait se tirer d'affaire et quel moyen elle pourrait utiliser, mais elle ne trouvait rien et, dans son angoisse, elle alla se planter à la fenêtre. Elle vit alors trois vieilles femmes qui approchaient : la première avec un pied plat, la seconde avec une lèvre qui lui tombait sur le menton, et la troisième avec un pouce comme une palette. Elles s'arrêtèrent sous la fenêtre, regardèrent vers la jeune fille et lui demandèrent ce qu'il lui manquait. Elle se plaignit de son affaire, et les femmes lui proposèrent de venir à son aide en lui disant : « Pourvu que tu nous invites à ton mariage, que tu n'aies pas honte de nous et que tu nous appelles tes cousines, et aussi que tu nous fasses asseoir à ta table, nous allons te filer ton lin et ce sera vite fait. — Volontiers et de tout cœur, répondit-elle. Venez et commencez le travail tout de suite. » Elle fit donc entrer les trois étranges femmes et leur aménagea une place libre dans la première pièce, où elles s'installèrent et se mirent aussitôt à filer. La première tirait l'étoupe et faisait tourner le rouet, la seconde mouillait le fil, et la troisième le retordait et l'égalisait avec le pouce sur la table : à chaque coup, c'était un écheveau entier qui tombait sur le sol, et du lin le plus fin filé ! Elle veilla à cacher les trois fileuses à la reine, tout en lui montrant, chaque fois qu'elle venait, la quantité de lin filé ; et la reine ne pouvait pas mettre fin à ses louanges. La première chambre vidée, ce fut le tour de la seconde, puis de la troisième, qui fut terminée en un rien de temps ; après quoi les trois femmes prirent congé de la jeune fille et lui rappelèrent en s'en allant : « N'oublie pas ce que tu nous as promis : ce sera ton bonheur. » Quand la jeune fille eut fait voir à la reine les chambres vides et les tas de lin filé, le jour des noces fut arrêté et le fiancé fut enchanté d'avoir une femme aussi active et d'une telle habileté, et il l'en félicita grandement. — J'ai trois cousines, lui dit la jeune fiancée, et comme je leur dois beaucoup, je ne voudrais pas les oublier dans mon bonheur : puis-je les inviter au mariage, et aurai-je la permission de les faire asseoir à ma table ? — Pourquoi ne le permettrions-nous pas ? répondirent la reine et son fils aîné. Lors donc que commença la fête nuptiale, les trois vieilles filles arrivèrent dans le plus bizarre accoutrement et l'épousée les accueillit en disant : « Soyez les bienvenues, mes chères cousines ! — Oh ! dit le prince à sa jeune femme, comment peux-tu avoir une aussi laide parenté ? » Puis, se tournant vers celle qui avait le pied plat, il lui demanda : — D'où vous vient un pied aussi large ? — Le rouet, lui répondit-elle, c'est le rouet. Il se tourna vers la seconde et demanda : — D'où vous vient cette lèvre qui pend ? — Le fil, répondit-elle, c'est de mouiller le fil. Il demanda à la troisième : — D'où vous vient ce pouce énorme ? — De retordre, répondit-elle, c'est de retordre le fil en l'étirant. Alors le fils aîné du roi en fut tout effrayé et déclara : — Jamais, au grand jamais, à partir d'aujourd'hui, ma belle épouse ne touchera à un rouet ! Grâce à quoi elle en fut quitte avec l'odieux filage du lin. # Chat et souris associés Un chat avait lié connaissance avec une souris et lui en avait tant dit et raconté sur l'amour immense et la grande amitié qu'il lui portait, que pour finir elle avait consenti à ce qu'ils vivent ensemble dans la même maison, où ils partageraient tous les soins et soucis du ménage. « Mais pour l'hiver, il nous faut faire provision, sinon on va souffrir la faim, affirma le chat ; toi, petite souris, tu ne peux pas te risquer à courir sans cesse de tous côtés, ou tu vas finir par tomber dans un piège ! » Le conseil étant sage, on le suivit sur l'heure en achetant, pour provision, un petit pot empli de graisse. Mais ils ne savaient pas où le ranger. Enfin, et après mûre réflexion, le chat parla : « Je ne vois pas de meilleur endroit que l'église pour le bien garder : personne n'aurait l'audace d'en enlever quelque chose ; nous irons donc le cacher là-bas, sous l'autel, et nous n'y toucherons plus tant qu'il ne nous sera pas devenu nécessaire. » Et ainsi le petit pot de graisse fut mis en sécurité. Il ne devait pourtant pas se passer beaucoup de jours avant que le chat s'y sentît poussé par l'envie, et il parla ainsi à la souris : « À propos, je voulais te dire, petite souris, ma cousine me demande comme parrain : elle a mis au monde un fiston tout blanc avec des taches rousses, et c'est moi qui dois le tenir sur les fonts baptismaux. Tu veux bien, n'est-ce pas, t'occuper seule de la maison et me laisser sortir aujourd'hui ? – Mais bien sûr, répondit la souris, vas-y, et si tu manges quelque chose de bon, pense à moi, et n'oublie pas non plus que quelques gouttes du bon vin doux des relevailles ne seraient pas pour me déplaire ! » Mais il n'y avait rien de vrai dans tout cela : le chat n'avait pas plus de cousine qu'il n'était invité comme parrain. Il s'en alla tout droit à l'église, se glissa jusqu'au pot de graisse qu'il commença à lécher, et lécha tant et si bien qu'il en ôta toute la fine graisse du dessus. Cela fait, il s'en alla se promener sur les toits de la ville, inspectant tout, puis se coucha et paressa au soleil en se pourléchant chaque fois qu'il songeait au petit pot de graisse. Ce ne fut pas avant le soir qu'il s'en revint à la maison. « Ah, te voilà ! dit la souris, tu as sûrement passé une bonne journée... » Et le chat répondit que tout avait été pour le mieux. « Et quel nom a-t-on donné à l'enfant ? demanda la souris. – "Dessus-Parti", laissa tomber le chat d'un ton sec. – "Dessus-Parti !" s'écria la souris, quel drôle de nom c'est là, vraiment étrange ! Est-ce qu'il est usuel dans votre famille ? – Et alors ? répondit le chat, il n'est pas plus mal que Chipe-miettes, comme s'appellent ceux qui t'ont baptisée. » Peu de temps après, le chat fut repris par son envie. « Il faut que tu me rendes service et que tu t'occupes seule encore de la maison, dit-il à la souris ; je suis une deuxième fois invité à être parrain, et comme l'enfant est né avec un collier blanc, je ne peux pas refuser. » La brave petite souris consentit de bonne grâce, mais le chat rampa derrière le mur d'enceinte jusqu'à l'église, et engloutit la moitié du pot. « Rien n'a plus de saveur que ce qu'on mange seul », se dit-il ; et il était bien content et satisfait de son ouvrage. Quand il rentra, la souris questionna : « Et de quel nom a-t-on baptisé cet enfant-là ? – Mivide, répondit le chat. – Mivide ! reprit la souris, mais que me dis-tu là ? De ma vie, je n'ai entendu ce nom et je parierais qu'il ne se trouve pas dans le calendrier. » Le chat ne tarda pas à se sentir de nouveau l'eau à la bouche en rêvant de la gourmandise. « Les bonnes choses vont par trois, dit-il à la souris, je dois encore être parrain ; l'enfant est complètement noir, avec seulement le bout des pattes blanches et pas un seul poil blanc sur tout le corps, ce qui n'arrive guère qu'une fois tous les deux ans. Tu me laisses sortir, n'est-ce pas ? — Dessus-Parti, Mivide, répondit la souris, quels curieux noms, en vérité, et qui me laissent toute pensive... — À toujours rester à la maison dans ta robe gris foncé à longue queue, tu te fais des idées, déclara le chat ; voilà ce qui arrive quand on reste des jours et des jours sans sortir. » La souris s'activa pendant que le chat n'était pas là, fit le ménage et mit tout en ordre dans la maison ; et le gros chat gourmand nettoya tout le pot de graisse et le laissa bien net. « Quand il ne reste rien, alors on est tranquille ! » se dit-il à lui-même, et gros et gras, et satisfait, il ne rentra à la maison qu'avec la nuit. La première question de la souris fut pour lui demander quel nom on avait donné à l'enfant. « C'est un nom qui ne te plaira guère, dit le chat : on l'a appelé Toutnet. — Toutnet ! s'écria la souris. Celui-là, c'est bien le plus problématique de tous les noms et je ne l'ai jamais vu imprimé nulle part. Toutnet, qu'est-ce que cela peut bien vouloir dire ? » Et elle hocha gravement la tête avant de se mettre en rond pour dormir. À partir de ce moment-là plus personne ne demanda au chat d'être parrain ; mais quand l'hiver fut venu et qu'on ne trouva plus rien dehors, la souris pensa à leurs provisions et dit : « Tu viens, chat ? Nous allons chercher le pot de graisse que nous avons mis en réserve et on va bien se régaler. — Oh, pour ça oui ! dit le chat, tu vas t'en régaler, et ce sera pour ta fine langue comme si tu la mettais à la fenêtre. » Ils se mirent donc en route et quand ils arrivèrent, le pot de graisse se trouvait bien à sa place, mais il était vide. « Ah ! s'exclama la souris, maintenant je comprends ce qui s'est passé et tout est clair à présent : toi, au moins, tu es un véritable ami ! Tu as tout dévoré quand tu étais le soi-disant parrain : d'abord Dessus-Parti, et ensuite Mivide, et ensuite... — Veux-tu te taire ! coupa le chat. Encore un mot et c'est toi que je croque ! » Mais la malheureuse souris avait déjà lâché le « Toutnet » qu'elle avait sur la langue et le chat, aussitôt, avait bondi sur elle, l'avait prise et avalée d'un coup. Ainsi va le monde, vois-tu. # La Belle au Bois Dormant # (ou la Princesse Fleur-d'Épine) Il y avait dans le temps un roi et une reine qui se répétaient chaque jour : « Ah ! si seulement nous avions un enfant ! » Mais ils n'en avaient toujours pas. Un jour que la reine était au bain, il advint qu'une grenouille sauta de l'eau pour s'avancer vers elle et lui parler : — Ton vœu sera exaucé, lui annonça-t-elle ; avant un an, tu mettras une fille au monde. Ce que la grenouille avait dit se produisit, et la reine donna naissance à une fille ; et l'enfant était tellement jolie que le roi ne se tenait plus de joie et fit donner une grande fête. Il ne se contenta pas d'y inviter ses parents, amis et connaissances, mais il voulut aussi que les fées y eussent part afin qu'elles fussent favorables et bienveillantes à l'enfant. On en comptait treize dans le royaume, mais comme il n'y avait que douze assiettes d'or au palais, pour leur servir le festin, il fallut en laisser une chez elle. La fête eut lieu et le festin se déroula au milieu des splendeurs, puis, quand tout finissait, les fées revêtirent l'enfant de leurs dons merveilleux : de l'une, la vertu ; de l'autre, la beauté ; de la troisième, la richesse ; et ainsi de suite pour tout ce qu'on peut souhaiter et avoir au monde. La onzième venait juste de prononcer son incantation, quand brusquement entra la treizième : celle qui n'avait pas été invitée et qui voulait se venger. Sans un salut ni seulement un regard pour personne, elle lança à voix haute sur le berceau cette parole : « La princesse, quand elle aura quinze ans, se piquera avec un fuseau et tombera morte. » Sans un mot de plus, elle fit demi-tour et quitta la chambre. Dans l'effroi général, la douzième fée, qui avait encore à prononcer son vœu, s'avança vers le berceau ; elle ne pouvait pas annuler la malédiction, mais elle pouvait en atténuer les effets, aussi prononça-t-elle : — Ce n'est pas dans la mort que sera plongée la princesse, mais dans un sommeil profond de cent années. Le roi, qui eût bien voulu préserver son enfant chérie du mauvais sort, fit ordonner que tous les fuseaux soient brûlés dans le royaume tout entier. Les dons des fées se réalisèrent pleinement chez l'enfant qui devint si belle, si vertueuse, si gracieuse et si intelligente que tous ceux qui seulement la voyaient se sentaient obligés de l'aimer. Le jour de ses quinze ans, il se trouva que le roi et la reine furent absents et que la jeune princesse resta toute seule au château, où elle se mit à errer çà et là, visitant les chambres et les galeries, les salons et les resserres selon sa fantaisie et son humeur. Sa promenade la conduisit finalement dans un très vieux donjon, dont elle gravit marche à marche l'étroit escalier tournant pour arriver devant une petite porte, tout en haut. Il y avait une vieille clé rouillée dans la serrure, et quand elle la fit tourner, la porte s'ouvrit d'un coup, lui découvrant une chambrette où se tenait une vieille femme assise, le fuseau à la main, occupée à filer son lin avec beaucoup d'ardeur. — Bonjour, petite grand-mère, lui dit la princesse, que fais-tu là ? — Je file, dit la vieille avec un bref mouvement de tête. — Et cette chose-là, qui danse si joyeusement, qu'est-ce que c'est ? fit la demoiselle en s'emparant du fuseau pour essayer de filer elle aussi. Mais elle l'avait à peine touché que l'incantation prenait son plein effet et qu'elle se piquait le doigt. Ce fut à peine si elle sentit la piqûre, car déjà elle tombait sur le lit, derrière elle, et s'y trouvait plongée dans le plus profond sommeil. Ce sommeil profond se répandit sur le château entier, à commencer par le roi et la reine qui venaient de rentrer et se trouvaient encore dans la grand-salle, où ils se mirent à dormir, et avec eux toute la cour. Alors les chevaux s'endormirent dans les écuries, et les chiens dans la cour d'entrée, et les pigeons sur le toit, et les mouches même sur le mur, et le feu lui aussi, qui cessa de flamber dans la cheminée, et qui se fit silencieux et s'endormit ; le rôti sur la broche cessa de grillotter, et le cuisinier qui allait tirer l'oreille du marmiton pour quelque bêtise, le laissa et dormit. Même le vent se coucha, et plus la moindre feuille ne bougea sur les arbres tout autour du château. Mais autour du château la broussaille épineuse se mit à croître et à grandir, à s'épaissir et à monter année après année, si bien que le château en fut d'abord tout entouré, puis complètement recouvert ; c'était à tel point qu'on ne le voyait plus du tout, non, pas même la bannière sur la plus haute tour. Et peu à peu, dans le pays, circula la légende de la belle Fleur-d'Épine endormie sous les ronces, car tel était le nom qu'on avait donné à la princesse ; et des princes y venaient de temps à autre, qui voulaient se forcer un passage à travers les buissons pour pénétrer dans le château. Mais c'était impossible parce que les buissons d'épines, comme avec des mains, se tenaient fermement ensemble, et les jeunes gens y restaient accrochés ; ils ne pouvaient plus s'en défaire et finissaient par mourir là de la plus misérable des morts. Après bien des années et encore bien des années, il arriva qu'un fils de roi passa dans le pays et entendit ce que racontait un vieillard sur ce massif d'épines, et comment il devait y avoir un château par-dessous, dans lequel une princesse d'une beauté merveilleuse, appelée Fleur-d'Épine, dormait depuis cent ans déjà ; et avec elle dormaient aussi le roi, la reine et la cour tout entière. Ce prince avait également entendu raconter par son grand-père que de nombreux fils de rois étaient déjà venus et avaient essayé de passer à travers la broussaille, mais qu'ils en étaient tous restés prisonniers, mourant là d'une affreuse mort. Le jeune prince n'en déclara pas moins : « Je n'ai pas peur : je veux y aller et voir la belle princesse Fleur-d'Épine ! » Le bon vieillard put bien le lui déconseiller tant qu'il voulut, il n'écouta rien et n'entendit rien de ce qu'on lui disait. Mais en vérité, les cent années se trouvaient justement révolues et le jour était arrivé, que la princesse devait se réveiller. Quand le prince avança vers la haute roncière, il ne trouva plus rien devant lui que de belles et grandes fleurs épanouies, qui s'écartaient d'elles-mêmes pour lui ouvrir le passage, et qui se resserraient derrière lui en refermant leur masse épaisse. Dans la cour du château, il vit les chevaux couchés dans leurs stalles comme au-dehors, les grands chiens de chasse blancs et roux, qui dormaient ; sur le toit il vit des pigeons qui avaient tous la tête sous l'aile. À l'intérieur du château, quand il entra, les mouches dormaient sur le mur ; le cuisinier, dans sa cuisine, avait toujours le bras tendu, comme s'il voulait attraper le petit marmiton, et la servante était assise avec la poule noire qu'elle allait plumer ; il pénétra dans la grand-salle du trône, où il vit toute la cour royale endormie et couchée çà et là ; et plus haut, près du trône, le roi lui-même et la reine étaient allongés. Il s'avança encore et s'en alla plus loin ; tout était si calme et si parfaitement silencieux qu'on s'entendait respirer ; et pour finir, le prince monta dans le vieux donjon, ouvrit la porte de la chambrette haute où la belle princesse Fleur-d'Épine dormait. Couchée là, elle était si merveilleusement belle qu'il ne pouvait pas en détourner ses yeux ; il se pencha sur elle et lui donna un baiser. À la caresse de ce baiser, Fleur-d'Épine ouvrit les yeux, et la belle se réveilla tout à fait, regarda le prince d'un regard tendre et amoureux. Alors ils redescendirent ensemble et quand ils furent en bas, le roi se réveilla, puis la reine et toute la cour sortirent de leur sommeil, et tous s'entre-regardaient avec des yeux ronds. Les chevaux dans la cour se relevèrent et s'ébrouèrent ; les chiens de chasse bondirent en frétillant de la queue ; les pigeons sur le toit tirèrent leur tête de sous l'aile, inspectèrent les environs et prirent leur vol ; les mouches recommencèrent à grimper le long des murs, cependant que le feu reprenait dans la cuisine et, flambant clair, remettait la cuisson en train ; le rôti à la broche grésilla de nouveau, et le cuisinier expédia une bonne taloche au marmiton, le faisant criailler, tandis que la servante se remettait à plumer sa volaille. Alors furent célébrées avec splendeur les noces du prince avec la belle princesse, que la légende et les gens avaient nommée Fleur-d'Épine, et ce fut le bonheur pour eux jusqu'à la fin de leurs jours. # Le Fiancé brigand Il était une fois un meunier qui avait une fille bien jolie, et lorsqu'elle fut grande, il souhaita qu'elle n'eût plus de soucis et fût bien mariée. « Si quelque prétendant convenable vient me la demander, pensait-il, je la lui donnerai. » Et peu de temps après se présenta un prétendant qui paraissait fort riche et auquel le meunier, ne voyant rien à objecter, promit sa fille. La jeune fille, par contre, ne sentait pas pour lui le vrai penchant qu'une fiancée doit avoir pour son fiancé, et elle n'avait aucune confiance en lui : elle éprouvait comme une horreur dans le fond de son cœur à chaque fois qu'elle le voyait ou seulement pensait à lui. — Tu es ma fiancée et tu ne viens même pas me faire une visite chez moi ? lui dit-il une fois. — Je ne sais pas où est votre maison, lui répondit-elle. — Au plus épais de la forêt se trouve une maison, dit le fiancé. Cherchant d'autres prétextes, elle prétendit ne pas être capable d'en trouver le chemin. Mais le fiancé coupa court et lui dit : — Il faut que tu viennes dimanche prochain, j'ai déjà fait mes invitations ; et pour que tu t'y retrouves dans la forêt, je te tracerai le chemin en y mettant des cendres. Le dimanche venu, il fallut bien qu'elle se mît en route, mais l'angoisse lui serrait la gorge sans qu'elle sût au juste pourquoi ; et comme elle voulait être sûre de pouvoir retrouver sa route, elle emporta ses pleines poches de lentilles et de petits pois. Dès qu'elle entra dans la forêt, elle suivit le chemin que marquait la cendre, mais tout en avançant, elle jetait de temps à autre, à droite et à gauche, quelques graines par terre. Elle marcha presque toute la journée pour arriver au cœur sombre de la forêt, au plus épais des bois, où se dressait une maison solitaire, qui ne lui plut pas du tout à cause de son air ténébreux et sinistre. Elle y entra, mais ne trouva personne à l'intérieur et resta là, écoutant régner le grand silence, quand soudain une voix cria : _Chez les brigands tu es entrée !_ _Va-t'en, va-t'en, la fiancée_. La jeune fille leva les yeux et vit que la voix venait d'un oiseau dans une cage suspendue au mur. Et l'oiseau de nouveau cria : _Va-t'en, va-t'en, la fiancée_ _Chez les brigands tu es entrée !_ Passant alors d'une pièce à l'autre, la jolie fiancée visita toute la maison qu'elle trouva entièrement vide et sans âme qui vive. Elle descendit même à la cave pour finir, et là, il y avait une vieille, vieille femme qui était assise et qui branlait la tête. — Pouvez-vous me dire si mon fiancé habite bien ici ? demanda la jeune fille. — Hélas, ma pauvre enfant ! dit la vieille, où t'es-tu donc fourrée ? Tu es ici dans un repaire de bandits, un coupe-gorge, une maison d'assassins. Tu croyais être une fiancée qui va bientôt fêter ses noces, mais c'est avec la mort que tu vas les fêter ! Tu vois ce grand chaudron ? Je devais le remplir et le mettre au feu quand tu serais tombée entre leurs mains, et ils t'auraient coupée en morceaux pour t'y faire cuire et te manger, parce que ce sont des ogres. Mais j'ai pitié de toi et je te sauverai ! Autrement tu étais perdue. La vieille la conduisit alors et la fit se cacher derrière un grand tonneau où l'on ne pouvait pas la voir. — Ne fais pas plus de bruit qu'une souris, lui recommanda-t-elle, ne bouge pas de là, ne fais pas le moindre mouvement, sans quoi c'en est fini de toi. Cette nuit, quand les bandits seront endormis, nous nous enfuirons toutes les deux : c'est l'occasion que j'attendais depuis longtemps. À peine était-ce dit, que déjà les bandits rentraient chez eux : toute la bande de ces scélérats qui traînaient avec eux une autre jeune fille ; ils étaient ivres et n'écoutaient ni ses cris, ni ses plaintes, ni ses gémissements. Ils lui donnèrent du vin à boire : trois verres, qu'ils la forcèrent d'absorber, un verre de rouge, un verre de blanc et un verre de jaune, qui lui fit éclater le cœur. Ils lui arrachèrent alors ses riches vêtements, la couchèrent sur une table et coupèrent son beau corps en morceaux, à coups de hache, puis salèrent les morceaux en les couvrant de gros sel. La pauvre fiancée, derrière le gros tonneau, tremblait de tous ses membres en voyant quel sort les bandits lui auraient réservé. L'un d'eux, qui venait de voir une bague d'or au doigt de la morte, voulut la prendre, mais ne réussit pas tout de suite à la faire glisser du doigt ; alors il empoigna la hache et lui trancha ce doigt d'un coup furieux qui l'envoya voler en l'air et retomber, finalement, sur les genoux de la malheureuse qui tremblait derrière le gros tonneau. Le bandit attrapa une chandelle et se mit à chercher après, mais sans rien trouver. — As-tu regardé derrière le tonneau ? lui suggéra l'un des autres bandits. Sur quoi la vieille femme leur cria à tous : — À table maintenant, venez manger ! Vous pouvez bien attendre à demain matin pour chercher : le doigt ne va pas s'envoler tout seul ! — Elle a raison ! dirent les bandits, abandonnant la recherche pour aller manger et boire. La vieille femme avait mis un somnifère dans leur vin et ils ne tardèrent pas à se coucher tous dans la cave, dormant et ronflant comme les brutes qu'ils étaient. La jeune fiancée, en entendant ces ronflements, sortit de derrière son tonneau et dut enjamber les corps serrés des dormeurs qui encombraient la cave ; elle avait terriblement peur d'en réveiller un au passage, mais grâce à Dieu, elle traversa sans dommage, et la vieille l'entraîna vivement en haut, ouvrit la porte, et elles s'enfuirent aussi vite qu'elles le pouvaient, courant presque pour s'éloigner de la maison des assassins. Le vent avait dispersé les cendres qui marquaient le chemin, mais les lentilles et les pois avaient germé et poussé, si bien qu'avec le clair de lune, elles purent le suivre sans difficulté ; et elles marchèrent toute la nuit durant pour arriver enfin au moulin avec le petit matin. La jeune fille raconta tout ce qu'il lui était advenu à son père, muet d'étonnement. Vint le jour que devaient se célébrer les noces, et le fiancé arriva. Mais le meunier n'avait pas manqué d'inviter tous ses parents et amis en grand nombre. Quand tout le monde fut à table, chacun dut raconter une histoire et tous le firent, l'un après l'autre. Mais la mariée restait assise et ne disait rien. — Eh bien, mon cœur, tu ne sais donc rien dire ? Raconte-nous aussi quelque chose ! lui dit le fiancé. — Alors je vais vous raconter un rêve, dit-elle. Je marchais seule dans une grande forêt et j'ai fini par arriver à une étrange maison où il n'y avait personne, pas une âme de bas en haut ; mais au mur, dans une cage, il y avait un oiseau qui criait : _Chez les brigands tu es entrée !_ _Va-t'en, va-t'en, la fiancée_. « Une fois je l'entendis, et encore une autre fois, mais je ne faisais que rêver, mon chéri. Alors je suis entrée dans toutes les chambres, et toutes les chambres étaient complètement vides ; il y avait quelque chose d'affreusement sinistre dans cette maison déserte. Alors je suis descendue à la cave pour finir, et là il y avait une vieille, vieille femme à la tête branlante. Je lui ai demandé : "Est-ce que mon fiancé habite ici, dans cette maison ?" Elle m'a répondu : "Hélas ! ma pauvre enfant, tu es tombée dans un repaire de bandits. Ton fiancé habite ici, en effet, mais il va te tuer et te couper en morceaux ; et moi je devrai te faire cuire et il te mangera." C'était dans mon rêve, mon chéri, rien qu'un rêve que je faisais, tu comprends ? Alors la vieille femme m'a cachée derrière un grand tonneau pour que personne ne me voie, et j'étais à peine là, que déjà les bandits rentraient chez eux avec une malheureuse jeune fille qu'ils traînaient à leur suite. Ils lui donnèrent à boire trois sortes de vins : du rouge, du blanc et du jaune, qui lui fit éclater le cœur. C'est ce que j'ai rêvé, mon chéri, rien d'autre que mon rêve. Alors ils lui ont enlevé ses riches vêtements et ils ont coupé son beau corps en morceaux sur une table, et ils ont répandu du sel dessus. Mon chéri, c'est seulement ce que j'ai rêvé. Il y avait à son doigt une bague d'or, que l'un de ces bandits a vue et a voulu prendre, mais comme la bague ne venait pas assez vite, il lui a coupé le doigt d'un coup de hache. Mais le doigt a sauté et volé en l'air par-dessus le grand tonneau pour venir me tomber sur les genoux. « Et ce doigt avec la bague, le voici ! » conclut-elle brusquement en prenant le doigt dans sa poche pour le montrer à toute l'assistance. Le bandit, qui était devenu blanc de craie tout au long de son histoire, se leva brusquement et voulut se sauver, mais l'assistance était nombreuse et le tint bien. Ils l'immobilisèrent et le livrèrent à la justice. Et ce fut ainsi qu'il finit avec toute sa bande, jugé et condamné pour tous les crimes commis. # Jeannot et Margot Tout près d'une grande forêt vivaient un pauvre bûcheron, sa femme et leurs deux enfants : un garçon qui s'appelait Jeannot, et une fillette qui se nommait Margot. Le bûcheron gagnait si peu qu'il n'avait presque rien à leur donner à manger d'ordinaire, mais lorsqu'il y eut la famine dans la contrée, ce fut même le pain quotidien qui manqua. Un soir qu'il ne pouvait dormir à cause de ses soucis et qu'il se retournait dans son lit en soupirant à cause de ses tristes pensées, il dit à sa femme : « Qu'allons-nous devenir ? Et comment pourrions-nous faire manger nos enfants quand nous n'avons rien à manger nous-mêmes ? — Sais-tu quoi, mon homme ? Demain matin, de très bonne heure, nous emmènerons les enfants dans la forêt, là où elle est le plus épaisse. Nous leur préparerons un feu là-bas, et nous leur donnerons encore à chacun un dernier petit bout de pain, puis nous irons à notre travail et nous les laisserons seuls. Ils ne retrouveront plus le chemin de la maison et nous en serons débarrassés. — Non, femme, je ne peux pas faire cela ! dit-il. Comment prendrais-je sur mon cœur de laisser mes enfants tout seuls dans la forêt, avec les bêtes sauvages qui ne tarderaient pas à venir les dévorer ? — Idiot que tu es ! dit la femme. Nous allons donc mourir de faim tous les quatre, et il ne te reste plus qu'à raboter les planches pour nos cercueils ! » Sans lui laisser ni trêve ni repos, elle continua et insista jusqu'à ce qu'il eût consenti. — Mais quand même, dit l'homme, ces pauvres enfants me font regret. Les deux enfants, qui ne pouvaient pas dormir à cause de la faim, avaient tout entendu de ce que la marâtre avait dit à leur père. Margot, en pleurant des larmes amères, dit à Jeannot : « À présent, c'en est fini de nous ! — Console-toi, Margot, ne te mets pas en peine, dit Jeannot : j'aurai tôt fait de nous tirer de là. » Et quand les parents furent endormis, il se glissa à bas du lit, enfila sa petite veste, courut jusqu'à la porte-coupée, dont il ouvrit le bas, et passa dehors. C'était en plein clair de lune et le gravier, devant la maison, faisait luire ses petits cailloux comme autant de sous neufs. Jeannot se baissa et en ramassa tant qu'il put en mettre dans ses petites poches ; puis il rentra et dit à Margot : « Tranquillise-toi, ma chère petite sœur, tu peux dormir en paix et avoir confiance : Dieu ne nous abandonnera pas. » Puis il se remit au lit. À la pointe du jour, bien avant le lever du soleil, la femme s'en venait réveiller les deux enfants : « Debout ! Debout, paresseux, leur dit-elle, nous allons dans la forêt pour y faire du bois. » Ensuite elle leur donna à chacun un petit bout de pain en leur disant : « Comme cela, vous aurez un petit quelque chose pour midi ; mais ne le mangez pas avant, parce qu'il n'y aura rien d'autre. » Margot serra le pain sous son tablier puisque Jeannot avait les cailloux dans ses poches ; et en route pour la forêt. Après un petit bout de chemin, Jeannot s'arrêta et se retourna pour jeter un coup d'œil du côté de la maison, puis encore un peu plus loin, et encore, et encore il recommençait la même chose. — Qu'est-ce que tu as à toujours regarder et traîner en arrière ? lui dit son père. Tâche de faire attention et n'oublie pas de faire marcher tes jambes ! — Oh ! père, c'est mon petit chat blanc que je regardais : il est monté sur le toit et veut me dire adieu. — Idiot, dit la femme, ce n'est pas ton chat : c'est le soleil levant qui luit sur la cheminée ! Mais Jeannot n'avait ni regardé, ni vu son petit chat ; il avait seulement tiré chaque fois un petit caillou blanc de sa poche pour le jeter sur le chemin. Lorsqu'ils furent arrivés au beau milieu de la forêt, le père dit : « À présent, les enfants, vous allez me ramasser du bois : je vais vous faire un feu pour que vous n'ayez pas froid. » Jeannot et Margot rapportèrent du bois mort et en firent tous les deux une petite montagne. Le feu fut allumé, et quand la flamme fut bien haute, la femme dit : « Vous, les enfants, couchez-vous près du feu et reposez-vous pendant que nous allons plus loin faire du bois. Nous viendrons vous chercher quand nous aurons fini. » Jeannot et Margot se tinrent sagement près du feu, et quand ce fut midi, chacun mangea son petit bout de pain. Ils croyaient que leur père n'était pas loin, parce qu'ils entendaient les coups de la cognée ; mais ce n'était pas sa hache qu'ils entendaient frapper : c'était une grosse branche qu'il avait attachée de telle sorte que le vent la fît battre çà et là. Et comme ils étaient restés là longtemps, ils eurent les yeux lourds de fatigue et ils finirent par s'endormir. Quand ils se réveillèrent, c'était déjà nuit noire. Margot commença à pleurer en disant : « Comment allons-nous faire à présent pour sortir de la forêt ? » Mais Jeannot la réconforta et lui dit : « Attends seulement que la lune se lève, ce ne sera pas long, et nous trouverons bien le chemin. » Et quand la pleine lune fut levée, Jeannot prit Margot par la main et emmena sa petite sœur en suivant le chemin tracé par les cailloux blancs, qui luisaient comme des sous neufs. Ils marchèrent toute la nuit et n'arrivèrent qu'à la pointe du jour devant la maison de leur père. Ils frappèrent à la porte et la femme vint ouvrir ; et quand elle vit que c'étaient Jeannot et Margot, elle s'écria : « Méchants enfants ! Dormir si longtemps dans la forêt, en voilà des façons ! Nous avons cru que vous vouliez ne plus jamais revenir. » Le père, par contre, se réjouit de les revoir, car son cœur lui pesait de les avoir laissés comme cela, tout seuls. Mais au bout de très peu de temps ce fut de nouveau la misère chez eux, et le besoin était dans tous les coins ; et de nouveau les enfants entendirent leur mère qui parlait avec leur père et qui lui disait : « Voilà que tout est encore mangé : une demi-miche de pain, c'est tout ce qu'il nous reste, et après c'est fini la musique. Il faut expédier les enfants, mais cette fois nous les mènerons bien plus profond dans la forêt pour qu'ils n'arrivent pas à retrouver le chemin ; autrement, pas de salut pour nous. » L'homme se sentit un gros poids sur le cœur et pensa : « Mieux vaudrait partager avec les enfants ta dernière bouchée ! » Sa femme ne voulut rien entendre de ce qu'il pouvait dire ; elle le rabroua, au contraire, le houspilla et l'accabla de reproches. Qui a dit A doit aussi dire B, et puisqu'il avait consenti la première fois, il fallut bien qu'il cédât la seconde aussi. Mais les enfants ne dormaient pas non plus, et ils avaient surpris tout le dialogue. Aussi Jeannot se leva-t-il quand les vieux se furent endormis, comme la fois d'avant, voulant se glisser dehors. Mais cette fois la mère avait fermé les deux parties de la porte et il ne put sortir. Néanmoins, il réconforta sa petite sœur et lui dit : « Ne t'inquiète pas, Margot, tu n'as pas besoin de pleurer et tu peux dormir tranquille : Dieu nous assistera encore. » Au petit matin, la femme vint tirer les enfants du lit, mais le petit bout de pain qu'ils reçurent était encore un plus petit bout que l'autre fois. En route vers la forêt, Jeannot l'émietta dans sa poche et s'arrêta de temps à autre pour en jeter une miette sur le chemin. — Jeannot, qu'est-ce que tu restes en arrière à regarder n'importe quoi ? gronda le père. Allons, avance ! — C'est mon petit pigeon blanc que je regardais, dit Jeannot : il est perché sur le toit et veut me dire adieu. — Idiot, ce n'est pas ton petit pigeon, dit la femme : c'est le soleil levant qui luit sur la cheminée ! Ce qui n'empêcha pas le garçon de jeter de place en place toutes les miettes de son pain sur le chemin. La femme emmena les enfants bien plus au cœur de la forêt, dans un endroit qu'ils n'avaient jamais vu de leur vie. Un grand feu fut préparé de nouveau et la mère leur dit : « Restez là, les enfants, et quand vous serez fatigués, vous n'aurez qu'à dormir un peu : nous allons faire du bois un peu plus loin et ce soir, quand nous aurons fini, nous viendrons vous chercher. » Lorsque ce fut midi, Margot partagea son peu de pain avec Jeannot, puisqu'il avait semé son morceau miette par miette tout le long du chemin. Après, les enfants s'endormirent et le temps passa ; l'après-midi s'écoula, puis le soir, mais personne ne revint près des pauvres petits. Quand ils se réveillèrent enfin, c'était déjà nuit noire, et Jeannot consola sa petite sœur en lui disant : « Attends seulement que la lune se lève, Margot, alors nous pourrons voir les miettes que j'ai répandues et qui nous montreront le chemin jusqu'à la maison. » La lune monta et ils se levèrent, mais ils ne trouvèrent plus une seule miette de pain nulle part, car les milliers de becs des milliers d'oiseaux qui volent tout partout, dans la forêt ou la campagne, les avaient avalées. « Nous trouverons bien notre chemin quand même, va ! » dit Jeannot à Margot. Mais ils ne le trouvèrent pas. Ils marchèrent toute la nuit et encore toute la journée du matin jusqu'au soir, mais ils n'étaient toujours pas sortis de la grande forêt ; et comme ils n'avaient rien mangé que quelques rares petits fruits qu'ils avaient pu trouver par terre, quelle faim ils avaient ! Ils étaient tellement fatigués que leurs jambes ne voulaient plus les porter. Alors ils se laissèrent tomber au pied d'un arbre et s'y endormirent. Le matin fut vite là, et c'était déjà leur troisième journée loin de la maison paternelle. Ils se remirent en marche, mais ce fut pour s'enfoncer toujours plus profondément dans la forêt ; s'il ne leur venait pas un prompt secours, ils allaient infailliblement mourir d'épuisement. Or, vers midi, ils aperçurent sur une branche un bel oiseau blanc comme neige, et il chantait si joliment qu'ils s'arrêtèrent pour l'écouter. Son chant fini, l'oiseau ouvrit ses ailes et voleta devant eux, et ils le suivirent jusqu'auprès d'une maisonnette, sur le toit de laquelle il alla se poser. En approchant encore, ils virent que la maisonnette avait des murs de pain d'épice et un toit de biscuit ; quant aux fenêtres, elles étaient de sucre filé. — Nous allons croquer dedans, que c'en est une bénédiction ! Moi je mange un bout de toit, dit Jeannot, et toi, Margot, tu peux manger de la fenêtre, c'est tout sucré. Il se mit sur la pointe des pieds pour atteindre le toit, et s'en cassa d'abord un petit bout pour voir si c'était bon, tandis que Margot s'agrippait à la fenêtre et se mettait à en grignoter. Alors une douce voix sortit de l'intérieur : _Et j'te grignote et grignotons,_ _Qui me grignote ma maison ?_ Tranquillement, les enfants répondirent : _C'est le vent, c'est le vent,_ _C'est le céleste enfant._ Et ils continuèrent à manger sans se laisser troubler ni déranger. Jeannot, qui avait trouvé le toit fort à son goût, s'en cassa du coup un bon morceau, et Margot, de son côté, avait ôté de la fenêtre toute une belle vitre ronde, s'était assise par terre et s'en régalait tout son soûl. Mais voilà que la porte s'ouvre d'un coup, et qu'une vieille encore plus vieille que les pierres s'avance à petits pas dehors, en béquillant sur sa béquille. Jeannot et Margot en furent si violemment épouvantés qu'ils en laissèrent tomber ce qu'ils avaient dans les mains. Mais la vieille branla tête et dit : « Hé, hé ! mes chers enfants, qui vous a amenés ici ? Mais entrez donc, voyons ! et restez chez moi, il ne vous arrivera rien de mal. » Elle les prit par la main tous les deux et les conduisit dans sa maisonnette. Là, ils eurent devant eux de bonnes choses à manger, du lait et des crêpes au sucre, des pommes et des noix ; puis ils eurent deux beaux petits lits blancs pour se coucher, et ils se crurent au ciel. Mais si la vieille avait été si aimable, c'était seulement pour faire semblant : en réalité c'était une méchante sorcière qui guettait les enfants, et c'était justement pour les attirer qu'elle avait construit sa maisonnette de pain d'épices. Une fois qu'ils étaient en son pouvoir, elle les tuait, les faisait cuire et les mangeait, ce qui était pour elle un jour de fête. Les sorcières ont les yeux rouges et la vue si basse qu'elles n'y voient que de tout près ; mais elles ont une espèce de flair, comme les animaux, et elles savent très bien quand on approche d'elles. Ainsi quand Jeannot et Margot arrivèrent dans les environs, elle avait ricané méchamment et dit en se réjouissant d'avance : « Je les tiens, ceux-là, ils ne m'échapperont plus ! » Le lendemain matin, très tôt, elle se leva avant le réveil des enfants, et quand elle les vit dormir si gentiment, avec leurs bonnes joues rouges, elle se chuchota à elle-même : « Un fameux morceau que je vais avoir là ! » Alors elle empoigna Jeannot de ses mains sèches et le porta dans une petite remise où elle l'enferma derrière une porte grillée : il pouvait bien crier tant qu'il voulait, cela ne servait à rien. Ensuite elle revint secouer Margot pour la réveiller, et elle lui cria : « Debout, paresseuse, puise de l'eau et fais cuire quelque chose de bon pour ton frère qui est là-bas, dans la remise, où il faut qu'il engraisse. Parce que dès qu'il sera assez dodu, je le mangerai. » Et Margot eut beau pleurer très amèrement, cela ne servit à rien et rien n'y fit : elle dut faire ce que la méchante sorcière voulait. Dès lors, pour le malheureux Jeannot, fut préparée la meilleure cuisine ; Margot, par contre, n'avait rien que les os à sucer, ou la carapace des écrevisses. Chaque matin, la vieille se traînait jusqu'à la petite remise et criait : « Jeannot, passe-moi tes doigts dehors, que je tâte pour savoir si tu seras bientôt assez gras. » Mais Jeannot lui tendait un petit os, et la vieille, avec sa vue trouble, ne voyait rien et croyait que c'était son doigt, s'étonnant qu'il ne voulût toujours pas engraisser. Au bout de quatre semaines, comme il était toujours aussi maigre, la vieille s'impatienta et ne voulut pas attendre plus longtemps. — Holà, Margot ! cria-t-elle à la fillette, tâche de ne pas traîner et apporte de l'eau ! Maigre ou gras, le Jeannot, je le tue demain pour le faire cuire. Ah ! comme elle se désola, la pauvre petite sœur, quand elle dut porter de l'eau ! Et comme elles ruisselaient, les larmes, tout le long de ses joues ! « Mon Dieu, mon Dieu, gémissait-elle, viens donc à notre secours ! Si seulement les bêtes sauvages dans la forêt nous avaient dévorés, au moins nous serions morts ensemble ! — Épargne-moi tes piailleries, dit la vieille, cela ne sert à rien du tout. » Le lendemain, de très bonne heure, Margot fut dehors et dut suspendre le chaudron rempli d'eau et allumer le feu dessous. « Avant tout, dit la vieille, nous allons faire cuire le pain : j'ai déjà fait chauffer le four et la pâte est pétrie. » Et elle poussa la malheureuse Margot devant l'entrée du four, où l'on voyait déjà sortir les flammes du grand feu qui brûlait. « Faufile-toi dedans, dit la sorcière, et vois un peu si c'est assez chaud pour qu'on enfourne le pain. » Oui, et quand Margot serait dedans, elle fermerait la porte sur elle et pousserait encore le feu pour qu'elle y rôtisse, et alors elle la mangerait aussi. Mais Margot avait compris ce qu'elle avait dans l'idée, et elle dit : « Je ne sais pas comment m'y prendre pour entrer là-dedans. Que faut-il faire ? — Stupide dinde ! s'exclama la vieille, l'ouverture est bien assez grande ! Regarde : je pourrais moi-même y passer ! » Et en même temps, elle s'accroupissait devant le four et s'y poussait à petits coups pour y engager la tête. Alors Margot la poussa un grand coup pour la faire basculer dedans, ferma la porte de fer et bloqua le gros verrou. Houla ! quels hurlements affreux elle se mit à pousser là-dedans ! Mais Margot s'éloigna de toute la vitesse de ses petites jambes et il fallut bien que la maudite sorcière brûlât et pérît misérablement. Margot s'était précipitée directement vers Jeannot, ouvrant bien vite la petite remise en lui criant : « Jeannot, nous sommes libres ! La vieille sorcière est morte ! » Tel un oiseau hors de sa cage, il était sorti dès que la porte s'était ouverte ; et quelle joie pour eux ! et comme ils tombèrent dans les bras l'un de l'autre, s'embrassèrent et gambadèrent comme des fous ! Maintenant qu'ils n'avaient plus rien à craindre, ils entrèrent dans la maison de la sorcière, où il y avait dans tous les coins des coffres pleins de perles et de pierres précieuses. — C'est encore mieux que les petits cailloux blancs ! remarqua Jeannot, tout en en remplissant ses poches à craquer. — Moi aussi, je veux rapporter quelque chose à la maison, dit Margot, qui en prit plein son tablier. — Mais à présent allons-nous-en, dit Jeannot, parce qu'il faut d'abord sortir de cette forêt de sorcières. Ils s'en allèrent et marchèrent pendant quelques heures, mais là, ils furent arrêtés par une large rivière. — Nous ne pouvons pas traverser, dit Jeannot : je ne vois ni pont, ni gué. — Et pas le plus petit bateau non plus, ajouta Margot. Mais je vois là un canard blanc, et si je lui demande, il va bien nous aider. _Canard blanc, canard blanc,_ _Ici Margot et Petit-Jean._ _Aucun sentier et pas de pont,_ _Porte-nous sur ton beau dos rond_. Ainsi avait-elle appelé, et le canard s'était aussi approché. Jeannot s'installa sur son dos, se tournant aussitôt pour dire à sa petite sœur de venir s'y asseoir aussi. « Non, non, dit-elle, ce serait trop lourd pour le petit canard : il faut qu'il nous porte l'un après l'autre pour traverser. » Et c'est ce que fit le brave petit canard ; et quand ils furent de l'autre côté, ils marchèrent encore un petit moment, et voilà qu'autour d'eux la forêt était de moins en moins étrangère, plus connue et toujours plus connue à mesure qu'ils avançaient, jusqu'au moment où ils aperçurent de loin la maison de leur père. Ils y coururent, entrèrent en trombe dans la chambre et se jetèrent au cou de leur père. Le pauvre homme n'avait pas eu une heure de bon temps depuis qu'il avait laissé ses enfants dans la forêt ; mais la femme était morte. En secouant son tablier, Margot fit cascader les perles et les pierres précieuses qui roulèrent de tous côtés, cependant que Jeannot les tirait par poignées de ses poches et les faisait rouler aussi. De leurs soucis, dès lors, ils ne surent plus rien ; et ils vécurent ensemble en perpétuelle joie. Mon conte est fini, trotte la souris, celui qui la prendra pourra se faire un grand bonnet, un grand bonnet de sa fourrure, et puis voilà ! # Le Conte du crapaud Il était une fois un petit garçon qui avait tous les jours, pour son goûter, une brioche et un petit bol de lait que lui donnait sa mère ; il emportait son bol et sa brioche et s'en allait manger dehors. Dès qu'il commençait à manger, le crapaud familier de la maison se glissait hors d'une fente du mur et arrivait, penchait sa petite tête dans le lait et partageait son goûter. C'était une joie pour le petit garçon ; et quand il était là avec son bol, si d'aventure le crapaud ne venait pas tout de suite, il l'appelait : _Crapaud, crapaud, petit crapaud,_ _Viens manger ton gâteau !_ _Arrive vite, s'il te plaît_ _Te régaler avec mon lait !_ Alors le crapaud trottait vite vers l'enfant et s'en donnait à cœur joie. Mais il lui montrait aussi sa gratitude en lui apportant toutes sortes de choses tirées de son trésor secret : des pierres étincelantes, des perles ou de petits jouets d'or. Seulement le crapaud ne touchait pas aux miettes de brioche et se contentait de laper le lait, alors l'enfant s'arma de sa petite cuillère et lui frappa légèrement la tête en lui disant : « Mange les miettes ! Tu dois manger les miettes aussi ! » La mère, dans sa cuisine, entendit parler son enfant et vint voir avec qui il était en conversation ; mais quand elle le vit occupé à frapper sur la tête d'un crapaud avec sa petite cuillère, elle attrapa une grosse bûche avec laquelle elle écrasa la brave petite bête. À partir de ce moment tout changea pour l'enfant : tant que le crapaud était venu manger avec lui, il grandissait en force et en généreuse santé, alors que maintenant il perdait ses belles couleurs et maigrissait de jour en jour. Il ne fallut pas longtemps pour entendre crier l'oiseau de la mort et pour voir le rouge-gorge ramasser les brindilles et les feuilles d'une couronne mortuaire ; quelques jours plus tard, l'enfant était couché dans son cercueil. C'était fini. ## Un autre conte du crapaud Une orpheline qui filait sa quenouille, assise au pied du mur d'enceinte de la ville, vit un crapaud sortir de son trou dans le mur ; vite, elle étala devant lui son foulard de soie bleue, que les crapauds aiment énormément et sur quoi ils marchent de préférence. Dès qu'il l'eut aperçu, le crapaud fit demi-tour, puis revint peu après, apportant une petite couronne d'or qu'il posa sur le foulard de soie avant de regagner son trou de nouveau. La fillette prit la couronne, qui était faite d'un délicat filigrane d'or et qui brillait merveilleusement. Le crapaud s'en revint peu de temps après, et quand il s'aperçut que la couronne n'y était plus, son désespoir fut tel qu'il alla se frapper la tête contre le mur, recommençant et recommençant jusqu'à ce qu'il eût épuisé ses forces et tombât mort. Si la fillette n'avait pas enlevé la couronne, le crapaud n'eût certainement pas manqué d'apporter bien d'autres trésors de son trou. # Cendrillon Il y avait un homme riche dont la femme était tombée malade ; et quand elle se sentit approcher de sa fin, elle appela à son chevet son unique fillette et lui dit : « Mon enfant chérie, reste toujours pieuse et bonne, et tu pourras compter sur l'aide du Bon Dieu ; et moi, du haut du ciel, je te regarderai et te protégerai. » Après ces paroles, elle ferma les yeux et mourut. Chaque jour, désormais, la fillette se rendit sur la tombe de sa mère, et chaque jour elle pleurait, s'appliquant à rester pieuse et bonne. Quand l'hiver vint, il mit un blanc manteau de neige sur la tombe ; et quand le soleil du printemps l'eut enlevé, le père prit une seconde femme. Cette femme avait amené dans la maison ses deux filles, qui étaient jolies et blanches de visage, mais vilaines et noires de cœur. Et pour la pauvre enfant du premier lit, ce fut une période affreuse qui commença. — Cette dinde idiote, est-ce qu'elle va rester avec nous ? dirent-elles. Elle n'a pas sa place au salon ! Il faut gagner son pain quand on veut le manger. Allez ouste ! Hors d'ici, la fille de cuisine ! Elles lui ôtèrent ses beaux vêtements, lui mirent un vieux tablier gris et la chaussèrent de sabots de bois, puis se moquèrent d'elle en la poussant dans la cuisine. « Oh ! la fière princesse, qu'elle est bien attifée, voyez-moi ça ! » Alors elle dut travailler dur du matin jusqu'au soir, se lever tôt, tirer de l'eau, allumer le feu, faire la cuisine et la vaisselle, la lessive et tous les gros travaux. Les deux sœurs, au surplus, n'arrêtaient pas de lui faire toutes les misères possibles et imaginables, riaient d'elle à tout propos, lui jetaient les pois ou les lentilles dans la cendre pour qu'elle eût à rester là encore à les trier une fois de plus. Le soir, quand elle était exténuée de sa journée, elle n'avait pas de lit pour se coucher, mais devait s'étendre par terre, sur la pierre du foyer, dans les cendres ; et comme elle en était toujours souillée et salie, les sœurs l'appelaient Cendrillon. Un jour que le père devait se rendre à la foire, il demanda à ses deux belles-filles ce qu'elles voulaient qu'il leur en rapportât. « De belles robes ! » dit l'une. « Des perles et des joyaux ! » dit l'autre. — Et toi, Cendrillon, qu'aimerais-tu ? demanda-t-il à sa fille. — La première branche qui cinglera votre chapeau en cours de route, père, coupez-la pour moi, répondit-elle. Il acheta donc pour ses deux belles-filles de jolies toilettes, des perles et des pierres précieuses ; et il s'en revenait, quand en passant à cheval dans un bosquet, une branche de noisetier lui cingla le chapeau et le lui fit tomber à terre. Il coupa le rameau et l'emporta. Arrivé à la maison, il donna aux deux sœurs ce qu'elles avaient voulu, et à Cendrillon le rameau de noisetier. Cendrillon l'en remercia et s'en alla planter la petite branche sur la tombe de sa mère ; elle pleurait si fort que ses larmes mouillèrent et arrosèrent le rameau, qui prit racine, poussa et devint un fort bel arbre. Cendrillon s'y rendait chaque jour trois fois, pleurant et priant sous le bel arbre, et toujours un petit oiseau blanc venait s'y poser ; et si elle formulait un souhait, le petit oiseau de l'arbre lui jetait aussitôt ce qu'elle avait souhaité. Il advint, une fois, que le roi donna une grande fête de trois jours, à laquelle étaient invitées toutes les jolies filles du pays, afin que son fils pût se choisir une fiancée. Quand les deux sœurs apprirent qu'elles étaient invitées aussi, elles furent tout excitées et appelèrent Cendrillon aussitôt : « Coiffe-nous, lui dirent-elles, fais briller nos chaussures et serre-nous bien dans nos ceintures : nous allons pour le mariage au palais du roi. » Cendrillon obéit, mais en pleurant, tant elle eût aimé les accompagner au bal ; aussi alla-t-elle en demander la permission à sa belle-mère. — Toi, Cendrillon ? fit la belle-mère. Sale et dégoûtante comme tu l'es, tu voudrais être de la noce ? Tu n'as ni robe ni souliers, et tu voudrais aller danser ? Mais comme elle ne se laissait pas décourager et continuait de la supplier, la belle-mère finit par lui dire, pour avoir la paix : « Bon, tu pourras venir si, en deux heures de temps, tu réussis à ramasser et à trier le pot de lentilles que je vais renverser dans les cendres. » Le pot versé, Cendrillon gagna le jardin par la porte de derrière et appela : — Gentils pigeons, mignonnes tourterelles, et vous tous les petits oiseaux de sous le ciel, venez vite à mon aide et trions comme il faut : _Les bonnes dans le petit pot,_ _Les autres dans votre jabot_. Deux blancs pigeons entrèrent d'abord par la fenêtre de la cuisine, puis vinrent les tourterelles et enfin tous les petits oiseaux du ciel, en rangs pressés, battant des ailes, pour se poser tout partout sur les cendres. Les pigeons penchèrent un peu la tête et commencèrent à pic, pic, pic, piqueter les lentilles, et les autres se mirent aussi à pic, pic, pic, piqueter les lentilles pour les tirer de la cendre et les rassembler dans le pot. Il ne s'était pas passé une heure que déjà tout était fini et que tous les oiseaux s'étaient envolés de nouveau. Tout heureuse, Cendrillon s'empressa d'aller montrer le pot à sa marâtre, croyant qu'elle allait, elle aussi, se rendre avec les autres à la fête du roi. — Non, Cendrillon, dit celle-ci : tu n'as pas de robe à te mettre et tu ne sais pas danser. Tout le monde se moquerait de toi. Mais pour qu'elle cessât de pleurer, la marâtre lui promit : — Si tu me tries deux pleins pots de lentilles dans la cendre en une heure de temps, alors tu pourras venir. Car en elle-même, elle se disait : « Cela, jamais elle n'arrivera à le faire ! » Dès qu'elle eut éparpillé les deux pots de lentilles dans les cendres, Cendrillon courut au jardin par la porte de derrière et appela : — Gentils pigeons, mignonnes tourterelles, et vous tous les petits oiseaux de sous le ciel, venez vite à mon aide et trions comme il faut : _Les bonnes dans le petit pot,_ _Les autres dans votre jabot_. Deux blancs pigeons entrèrent d'abord par la fenêtre de la cuisine, puis vinrent les tourterelles et enfin tous les petits oiseaux du ciel, en rangs serrés, battant des ailes, pour se poser tout partout sur les cendres. Les pigeons penchèrent un peu la tête et commencèrent à pic, pic, pic, piqueter les lentilles, et les autres se mirent aussi à pic, pic, pic, piqueter les lentilles pour les tirer de la cendre et les ramasser dans les pots. Il ne s'était pas passé une demi-heure que tout était fini et que tous les oiseaux s'envolèrent de nouveau. Joyeuse, Cendrillon s'empressa d'aller montrer les pots à sa marâtre, croyant aller avec les autres à la fête du roi. — Tout cela ne sert à rien, dit celle-ci : tu n'as pas de robe à te mettre et tu ne sais pas danser ; tu ne peux donc pas venir avec nous. Tu nous ferais honte. Elle lui tourna le dos et gagna la porte avec ses deux filles orgueilleuses et altières. Lorsqu'il n'y eut plus personne à la maison, Cendrillon alla sur la tombe de sa mère, se mit sous le noisetier et dit : _Arbre gentil, agite-toi bien fort_ _Pour me couvrir d'argent et d'or_. Alors l'oiseau lui fit descendre une robe d'argent et d'or ainsi que des pantoufles brodées de soie et d'argent. Elle se hâta de revêtir la robe et alla à la fête des noces. Ni sa belle-mère, ni ses demi-sœurs ne la reconnurent, pensant plutôt que ce devait être là quelque fille de roi étrangère au pays, tant elle était belle dans sa robe d'or. Elles ne songeaient pas le moins du monde à Cendrillon, qu'elles croyaient toujours à la maison, en train de fouiller dans les cendres pour en trier les lentilles. Le fils du roi vint à sa rencontre, la prit par la main et dansa avec elle. Il ne voulut même danser avec nulle autre, et c'est pourquoi il ne lui lâchait pas la main ; et si quelque autre cavalier venait pour l'inviter à son tour, le prince lui disait : « C'est ma cavalière. » Jusqu'au soir elle dansa, puis elle voulut rentrer chez elle, mais le prince lui dit qu'il irait avec elle et l'accompagnerait, tant il était curieux de voir de quelle famille venait cette jolie jeune fille. Il l'accompagna, en effet, mais au dernier moment elle lui échappa et sauta dans le pigeonnier. Le prince attendit que revînt le père et lui dit que la jeune inconnue avait sauté dans le pigeonnier. « Serait-ce Cendrillon ? » se demanda le père, qui réclama une hache et une pioche pour ouvrir en deux le pigeonnier. Mais il n'y avait personne à l'intérieur ; et quand ils entrèrent dans la maison, Cendrillon, dans son costume misérable et souillé, était couchée sur la cendre, avec une méchante veilleuse à huile qui clignotait dans la cheminée. Elle avait, en effet, bien vite sauté du pigeonnier par-derrière et couru jusqu'au noisetier, où elle avait quitté sa robe magnifique pour la déposer sur la tombe, et le petit oiseau l'avait remportée tandis qu'elle retrouvait la cuisine et son vieux tablier gris pour se coucher sur la cendre, dans l'âtre. Le lendemain, comme recommençait la fête, dès que ses parents et les deux sœurs altières eurent quitté la maison, Cendrillon courut au noisetier et dit : _Arbre gentil, agite-toi bien fort_ _Pour me couvrir d'argent et d'or_. Alors l'oiseau lui fit descendre une robe encore beaucoup plus splendide et magnifique que celle de la veille. Et quand elle apparut à la fête ainsi parée, tout le monde s'étonna et s'émerveilla de sa beauté. Le fils du roi, qui avait attendu sa venue, la prit aussitôt par la main et ne dansa qu'avec elle. Et si quelque autre cavalier venait pour l'inviter, il lui disait : « C'est ma danseuse. » Quand elle voulut rentrer, le soir venu, le prince l'accompagna, car il voulait voir dans quelle maison elle entrait. Mais elle lui échappa et sauta dans le jardin derrière la maison. Il y avait là un grand bel arbre tout chargé de magnifiques poires, et elle grimpa si prestement entre ses branches, vive comme un écureuil, que le prince ne sut pas où elle avait bien pu passer. Mais il attendit que revînt le père et lui dit que la jolie inconnue avait disparu, mais qu'il croyait qu'elle s'était cachée dans le grand poirier. Le père se dit en lui-même : « Serait-ce Cendrillon ? » et se fit apporter une hache, entama l'arbre tout autour et l'abattit ; mais il n'y avait personne dedans. Et quand ils entrèrent dans la cuisine, Cendrillon était là, couchée dans la cendre comme toujours. Elle avait sauté de l'arbre par-derrière, en effet, et rapporté vite, vite, sa robe magnifique au petit oiseau du noisetier pour reprendre son vieux tablier gris. Le troisième jour, quand ses parents et les sœurs furent partis, Cendrillon retourna sur la tombe de sa mère et dit au noisetier : _Arbre gentil, agite-toi bien fort_ _Pour me couvrir d'argent et d'or_. Et la robe que l'oiseau lui fit descendre, cette fois, était si merveilleuse et d'une telle magnificence que jamais elle n'avait rien eu qui lui ressemblât ; et les escarpins n'étaient faits que d'or. Parée de la sorte, elle fit son entrée à la fête et tout le monde béa d'admiration, ne sachant plus que dire. Le fils du roi ne dansa qu'avec elle, et si quelqu'un d'autre venait pour l'inviter, il disait : « C'est ma cavalière. » Le soir venu, Cendrillon voulut s'en aller et le prince voulut l'accompagner, mais elle s'esquiva si lestement qu'il ne put la suivre. Seulement le prince avait recouru à la ruse et fait enduire de poix toutes les marches du perron, et tandis qu'elle dégringolait l'escalier en volant presque, sa pantoufle gauche y resta collée. Le fils du roi prit cet escarpin, qui était minuscule, délicat, et entièrement fait d'or. Le lendemain matin, le prince alla trouver le père et lui dit : « Je ne veux point d'autre épouse que celle à qui cette chaussure d'or ira. » Ce fut une grande joie pour les deux sœurs, car elles avaient un joli pied. L'aînée alla dans sa chambre avec l'escarpin, qu'elle voulait chausser. Sa mère était présente. Mais le soulier était trop petit et le pouce n'y pouvait entrer. La mère s'empressa de lui tendre un couteau : « Coupe-le, lui dit-elle ; quand tu seras reine, tu n'auras plus besoin de marcher. » La jeune fille se coupa l'orteil et enfila son pied dans la chaussure, quelque vive que fût la douleur, puis sortit retrouver le prince. Il la prit sur son cheval et partit avec elle comme sa fiancée ; mais ils devaient passer non loin de la tombe où deux colombes, perchées sur le noisetier, se mirent à glousser bien fort : _Roucou-oucou, roucou-oucou_ _Dans la pantoufle le sang coule :_ _L'escarpin était trop petit,_ _La fiancée est au logis_. Jetant un coup d'œil au pied chaussé, le prince vit que le sang en ruisselait. Il fit faire demi-tour à son cheval et ramena la fausse fiancée à sa maison, disant que ce n'était pas elle qu'il devait épouser, et que l'autre sœur devait essayer l'escarpin. La seconde sœur alla dans sa chambre avec l'escarpin et réussit très bien à y enfiler ses orteils, mais ce fut le talon qui refusa d'entrer. Oui, le talon était trop gros. Alors la mère lui tendit le couteau et lui dit : « Coupe un bout du talon : quand tu seras reine, tu n'auras plus besoin de marcher. » La jeune fille s'enleva un morceau du talon et força son pied dans la chaussure, quelque vive que fût la douleur, puis sortit retrouver le prince. Il la prit sur son cheval et partit avec elle comme sa fiancée. Mais quand ils furent non loin du noisetier, les deux colombes roucoulèrent de plus belle : _Roucou-oucou, roucou-oucou_ _Dans la pantoufle le sang coule :_ _L'escarpin était trop petit,_ _La fiancée est au logis_. De nouveau, le prince jeta un coup d'œil sur le pied chaussé, vit que le sang coulait, coulait si fort que le bas blanc en était tout rougi. Alors il tourna bride et ramena la fausse fiancée à la maison. — Ce n'est pas celle-là non plus que je dois épouser, dit-il. N'avez-vous pas d'autre fille ? — Non, dit le père, il n'y a plus ici que ce pauvre souillon de Cendrillon, la fille de ma première femme, qui est là-bas, dans la cuisine ; mais celle-là ne saurait être la fiancée, c'est impossible ! Le fils du roi déclara néanmoins qu'il fallait l'envoyer chercher, mais la mère s'interposa : « Non, non, elle n'est pas présentable : elle est beaucoup trop sale pour se laisser voir ! » Le prince insista : il y tenait absolument, et il fallut qu'on allât la chercher. Cendrillon voulut d'abord se laver les mains et le visage, puis elle vint s'incliner devant le fils du roi, qui lui tendit l'escarpin d'or. Ensuite elle s'assit sur un escabeau, sortit son pied du pesant sabot de bois et le chaussa de la pantoufle qui le moulait parfaitement. Quand elle se releva, en voyant son visage, le prince la reconnut et s'exclama : « C'est elle, la véritable fiancée ! » La belle-mère et les deux demi-sœurs en pâlirent de rage, mais le prince prit Cendrillon sur son cheval et partit avec elle. Et quand ils passèrent non loin du noisetier, les deux colombes blanches roucoulèrent doucement, quoique assez haut pour se faire entendre : _Roucou-oucou, roucou-oucou_ _La pantoufle n'a rien du tout :_ _Sa fiancée est avec lui,_ _L'escarpin n'est pas trop petit_. Puis les colombes quittèrent l'arbre et vinrent se poser gracieusement sur les épaules de Cendrillon, une à droite et l'autre à gauche, et elles restèrent là. Le jour des noces de Cendrillon avec le fils du roi, à l'heure de la cérémonie, arrivèrent les deux sœurs pour l'accabler de flatteries et de doux compliments, car elles voulaient s'insinuer dans ses bonnes grâces et avoir part à son bonheur. Le cortège gagnait l'église derrière les fiancés, et la sœur aînée marchait à droite de Cendrillon, la cadette à sa gauche ; alors la colombe de droite et la colombe de gauche leur piquèrent à chacune un œil. À la sortie de l'église, par contre, l'aînée marchait à gauche de Cendrillon et la cadette à droite ; alors les deux colombes leur piquèrent à chacune l'autre œil. Et c'est ainsi que, par la cécité jusqu'à leur dernier jour, elles ont été punies de leur méchanceté et de leur fausseté. # L'Oiseau d'Ourdi # (ou Barbe-Bleue dans la poésie populaire allemande) Il était une fois un maître sorcier qui se donnait l'apparence d'un pauvre et s'en allait mendier de maison en maison pour s'emparer des jolies filles. Nul au monde ne savait où il les emportait, et jamais plus elles ne revenaient de là-bas. Un jour, il se présenta à la porte de quelqu'un qui avait trois filles, jolies toutes les trois ; et il avait l'air d'un misérable mendiant tout loqueteux et presque à bout de forces, avec une vieille besace sur le dos qui semblait faite pour emporter les dons de la charité. Il mendia humblement un petit quelque chose à manger, et quand la fille aînée vint pour lui apporter un morceau de pain, il la toucha seulement du bout du doigt, ce qui l'obligea à sauter elle-même dans la besace. Aussitôt l'homme s'éloigna à grandes et solides enjambées, gagnant rapidement une sombre forêt au milieu de laquelle il avait sa maison. Là, dans cette maison, tout était merveilleux, et la jeune fille avait tout ce qu'elle pouvait désirer ou même souhaiter, car il lui donnait tout. « Mon trésor, lui dit-il, ton cœur ici n'aura plus rien à désirer : tu verras comme tu seras bien chez moi. » Quelques jours passèrent, puis il lui dit : — Je dois m'absenter et te laisser seule, mais ce ne sera pas long. Voici toutes les clefs de la maison : tu peux aller partout, à la seule exception d'une chambre, à laquelle correspond cette petite clef-ci. Dans celle-là, je t'interdis d'entrer sous peine de mort. Il lui confia également un œuf en lui disant : — Cet œuf, garde-le-moi précieusement et porte-le de préférence toujours sur toi, car s'il venait à se perdre, cela provoquerait un énorme malheur. Elle prit les clefs ainsi que l'œuf, promettant d'exécuter tout à la lettre. Une fois le maître parti, elle alla ici et là visiter la maison du haut en bas, admirant tout ce qu'il y avait à admirer, les chambres qui étincelaient d'or et d'argent, des merveilles telles qu'il lui semblait n'avoir jamais rien vu d'aussi beau, ni seulement rêvé de pareilles splendeurs. Elle arriva aussi, pour finir, devant la porte interdite et voulut passer outre ; mais la curiosité la retint, la tracassa, ne la laissa pas en repos. Elle considéra la petite clef, qui ressemblait aux autres, l'introduisit dans la serrure et la tourna un tout petit peu, mais la porte s'ouvrit d'un coup. Et que vit-elle, lorsqu'elle entra ? Au milieu de la chambre, un grand bac plein de sang où nageaient des membres humains, et à côté un gros billot avec une hache étincelante. Elle eut un tel sursaut d'effroi que l'œuf, qu'elle tenait à la main, lui échappa et tomba dans le bac sanglant. Elle le reprit bien vite et voulut le nettoyer du sang qui le tachait, mais elle eut beau laver, frotter, essuyer : il n'y avait rien à faire, le sang réapparaissait toujours. Peu de temps après, l'homme rentra de son voyage et sa première demande fut pour les clefs et pour l'œuf. Elle les lui tendit en tremblant, et il s'aperçut tout de suite, en voyant les taches sur l'œuf, qu'elle était entrée dans la chambre sanglante. — Puisque tu es entrée contre ma volonté dans la chambre, lui dit-il, tu vas maintenant y retourner contre ta volonté ! Tu as fini de vivre. Il la jeta à terre, la traîna par les cheveux dans la terrible pièce, lui trancha la tête sur le billot puis lui coupa les membres en inondant le plancher de son sang, et les jeta avec les autres dans le grand bac. — Maintenant je vais aller chercher la seconde ! dit à haute voix le maître sorcier, qui reprit aussitôt son apparence de pauvre mendiant et revint, comme tel, devant la porte de la maison où il avait pris la première demoiselle. La seconde lui apporta un morceau de pain, il la toucha du doigt et l'emporta comme l'autre. Elle ne connut pas un meilleur sort que sa sœur, car elle aussi se laissa pousser par la curiosité, ouvrit la porte et vit la chambre sanglante avant de le payer de sa vie. Alors le sorcier s'en alla chercher la troisième sœur, qui était plus intelligente et plus rusée. Après qu'il lui eut remis les clefs et l'œuf et se fut en allé, elle prit soin tout d'abord de mettre l'œuf en sûreté, puis elle visita toute la maison pour entrer finalement, elle aussi, dans la chambre interdite. Hélas ! que n'y vit-elle pas ? Ses deux sœurs bien-aimées gisaient là, horriblement assassinées et coupées en morceaux, dans le bac sanglant avec d'autres corps ! Courageusement elle s'avança et chercha leurs membres épars, les rassembla et les remit comme il convenait : la tête, le tronc, les bras et les jambes ; et dès que les corps furent complets, quand ils eurent tous leurs membres sans que rien ne manquât, la vie revint et les parties se ressoudèrent, si bien que les deux sœurs ouvrirent leurs yeux et se retrouvèrent bien vivantes. Quelle joie ! quelles embrassades ! quel bonheur pour toutes trois ! À son retour de voyage, l'homme réclama les clefs et l'œuf, sur lequel il ne décela pas la moindre tache de sang. Alors il dit : — Tu as subi l'épreuve : tu seras donc mon épouse. Il n'avait plus aucun pouvoir sur elle et devait, au contraire, faire absolument tout ce qu'elle désirait. — Très bien, dit-elle, mais tu devras d'abord porter une pleine besace d'or à mon père et à ma mère ; et cette besace, c'est sur ton dos que tu devras la porter, afin que ce présent ait un sens et une réelle valeur. Pendant ce temps, moi, je ferai les préparatifs de la noce. Elle courut alors retrouver ses sœurs, qu'elle avait cachées dans un cabinet, et leur dit : — L'heure et l'instant sont venus, et je peux vous sauver ! Le maudit va lui-même vous ramener, à son insu, à la maison en vous portant sur son dos. Mais dès que vous serez à la maison, envoyez-moi vite du secours ! Elle les mit toutes deux au fond d'une besace, puis elle les couvrit d'or, de façon qu'on ne puisse pas les voir, puis elle appela le maître sorcier et lui dit : — Voilà la besace que tu vas porter, mais ne t'arrête pas en chemin et ne cherche pas à te reposer : je te verrai de ma petite fenêtre d'en haut et je te surveillerai ! Le sorcier chargea la lourde besace sur son dos et se mit en route aussitôt, mais elle pesait si lourd que la sueur lui en coulait du front et lui inondait le visage. Il s'arrêta et s'assit pour se reposer un moment, mais une voix lui cria de l'intérieur de la besace : « Je te vois de ma petite fenêtre ! Tu te reposes ! Allons, marche ! » Il se releva et se remit en route, croyant que c'était sa fiancée qui lui avait crié cela depuis la lucarne, là-bas. Une nouvelle fois, il essaya de se reposer, mais cette fois encore la voix cria : « Je te vois de ma petite fenêtre ! Tu te reposes ! Veux-tu bien te remettre en marche ! » Puis chaque fois qu'il faisait mine de s'arrêter, succombant sous la charge, la voix le rappelait à l'ordre et il lui fallait marcher, de telle sorte qu'il finit par arriver à bout de souffle et en gémissant à la maison des parents, où il déposa son or et, avec l'or, les deux sœurs saines et sauves. Dans la maison du sorcier, pendant ce temps, la fiancée préparait la noce et invitait tous les amis de la maison à y prendre part. Puis elle prit une tête de mort qui grimaçait de toutes ses dents, la para de bijoux et lui mit une couronne de fleurs avant d'aller la poser devant la fenêtre du grenier comme si elle regardait dehors. Quand tout fut prêt, elle se plongea elle-même dans un tonneau de miel, puis alla se rouler dans l'édredon qu'elle avait éventré, de sorte qu'elle eut l'air d'un oiseau étrange, mais plus du tout d'un être humain ; et alors elle quitta la maison pour rentrer chez elle. En chemin, elle rencontra un premier groupe d'invités de la noce, qui lui demanda : _Ô toi, l'oiseau d'Ourdi, d'où viens-tu par ici ?_ — _Tout droit de la maison de l'Ourdisseur Ourdi_. — _Que fait là-bas la jeune fiancée ?_ — _De haut en bas, la maison préparée_ , _À la lucarne elle est allée_ _Pour voir venir les invités_. Plus loin, elle rencontra le fiancé lui-même qui s'en revenait d'un pas lourd et lent, tellement il était fatigué. Comme les autres, il l'interrogea : _Ô toi, l'oiseau d'Ourdi, d'où viens-tu par ici ?_ — _Tout droit de la maison de l'Ourdisseur Ourdi_. — _Que fait là-bas ma jeune fiancée ?_ — _De haut en bas, la maison préparée_ , _À la lucarne elle est allée_ _Pour voir venir son fiancé_. Regardant tout là-bas, au grenier, le fiancé y vit dans la lucarne la tête de mort couronnée de fleurs et ornée de bijoux ; mais comme c'était si loin encore, il crut que c'était, en effet, sa fiancée qui le regardait venir, et il la salua en lui faisant signe joyeusement. Mais dès qu'il se trouva avec les invités à l'intérieur de la maison, les frères et les parents des trois sœurs arrivèrent justement, accourant au secours de la fiancée. La sachant maintenant sauvée, ils fermèrent toutes les portes et les issues de la maison de façon que personne ne pût en sortir, puis ils y mirent le feu. Et le maître sorcier avec toute sa bande y périt dans les flammes. # Le Petit Chaperon Rouge # (version bavaroise) Il était une fois une adorable petite fillette que tout le monde aimait rien qu'à la voir, et plus que tous, sa grand-mère, qui ne savait que faire ni que donner comme cadeaux à l'enfant. Une fois, elle lui donna un petit chaperon de velours rouge et la fillette le trouva si joli, il lui allait tellement bien, qu'elle ne voulut plus porter autre chose et qu'on ne l'appela plus que le Petit Chaperon Rouge. Un jour, sa mère lui dit : — Tiens, Petit Chaperon Rouge, voici un morceau de galette et une bouteille de vin : tu iras les porter à ta grand-mère ; elle est malade et affaiblie, et elle va bien se régaler. Vas-y tout de suite, avant qu'il ne fasse trop chaud ; et sois bien sage en chemin et ne saute pas à droite ou à gauche pour aller tomber et me casser la bouteille de grand-mère, qui n'aurait plus rien. Et puis, dis bien bonjour en entrant et ne regarde pas d'abord dans tous les coins ! — Je serai sage et je ferai tout pour le mieux, promit le Petit Chaperon Rouge à sa mère, avant de lui dire au revoir et de partir. Mais la grand-mère habitait à une bonne demi-heure du village, tout là-bas, dans la forêt ; et lorsque le Petit Chaperon Rouge entra dans la forêt, ce fut pour rencontrer le loup. Mais elle ne savait pas que c'était une si méchante bête et elle n'avait pas peur. — Bonjour, Petit Chaperon Rouge, dit le loup. — Merci à toi et bonjour aussi, loup. — Où vas-tu de si bonne heure, Petit Chaperon Rouge ? — Chez grand-mère. — Que portes-tu sous ton tablier, dis-moi ? — De la galette et du vin, dit le Petit Chaperon Rouge ; nous l'avons cuite hier et je vais en porter à grand-mère, parce qu'elle est malade et que cela lui fera du bien. — Où habite-t-elle, ta grand-mère, Petit Chaperon Rouge ? demanda le loup. — Plus loin dans la forêt, à un quart d'heure d'ici ; c'est sous les trois grands chênes, et juste en dessous, il y a des noisetiers, tu reconnaîtras forcément, dit le Chaperon Rouge. Fort de ce renseignement, le loup pensa : « Un fameux régal, cette mignonne et tendre jeunesse ! Grasse chère, que j'en ferai : meilleure encore que la grand-mère, que je vais engloutir aussi. Mais attention, il faut être malin si tu veux les déguster l'une et l'autre. » Telles étaient les pensées du loup tandis qu'il faisait un bout de conduite au Petit Chaperon Rouge. Puis il dit, tout en marchant : — Toutes ces jolies fleurs dans le sous-bois, comment se fait-il que tu ne les regardes même pas, Petit Chaperon Rouge ? Et les oiseaux, on dirait que tu ne les entends pas chanter ! Tu marches droit devant toi comme si tu allais à l'école, mais c'est pourtant rudement joli, la forêt ! Le Petit Chaperon Rouge donna un coup d'œil alentour et vit danser les rayons du soleil entre les arbres, et puis partout, partout des fleurs qui brillaient. « Si j'en faisais un bouquet pour grand-mère, se dit-elle, cela lui ferait plaisir aussi ; il est tôt et j'ai bien le temps d'en cueillir. » Sans attendre, elle quitta le chemin pour entrer dans le sous-bois et cueillir des fleurs : une ici, l'autre là, mais la plus belle était toujours un peu plus loin, et encore plus loin dans l'intérieur de la forêt. Le loup, pendant ce temps, courait tout droit à la maison de la grand-mère et frappait à sa porte. — Qui est là ? cria la grand-mère. — C'est moi, le Petit Chaperon Rouge, dit le loup ; je t'apporte de la galette et du vin, ouvre-moi ! — Tu n'as qu'à tirer le loquet, cria la grand-mère. Je suis trop faible pour aller t'ouvrir. Le loup tira le loquet, poussa la porte et entra pour s'avancer tout droit, sans dire un mot, jusqu'au lit de la grand-mère, qu'il avala. Il mit ensuite sa chemise, s'enfouit la tête sous son bonnet de dentelle et se coucha dans son lit, puis tira les rideaux de l'alcôve. Le Petit Chaperon Rouge avait couru de fleur en fleur, mais à présent son bouquet était si gros que c'était tout juste si elle pouvait le porter. Alors elle pensa à sa grand-mère et se remit bien vite en chemin pour arriver chez elle. La porte était ouverte et cela l'étonna ; mais quand elle fut dans la chambre, tout lui parut de plus en plus bizarre et elle se dit : « Mon Dieu, comme tout est étrange aujourd'hui ! D'habitude, je suis si heureuse quand je suis chez grand-mère ! » Elle salua pourtant : — Bonjour, grand-mère ! Mais comme personne ne répondait, elle s'avança jusqu'à son lit et écarta les rideaux. La grand-mère était là, couchée, avec son bonnet qui lui cachait presque toute la figure, et elle avait l'air si étrange. — Comme tu as de grandes oreilles, grand-mère ! — C'est pour mieux t'entendre, répondit-elle. — Comme tu as de gros yeux, grand-mère ! — C'est pour mieux te voir, répondit-elle. — Comme tu as de grandes mains ! — C'est pour mieux te prendre, répondit-elle. — Oh ! grand-mère, quelle grande bouche et quelles terribles dents tu as ! — C'est pour mieux te manger, dit le loup, qui fit un bond hors du lit et avala le pauvre Petit Chaperon Rouge d'un seul coup. Sa voracité satisfaite, le loup retourna se coucher dans le lit et s'endormit bientôt, ronflant plus fort que fort. Le chasseur, qui passait devant la maison, l'entendit et pensa : « Qu'a donc la vieille femme à ronfler si fort ? Il faut que tu entres et que tu voies si elle a quelque chose qui ne va pas. » Il entra donc et, s'approchant du lit, vit le loup qui dormait là. — C'est ici que je te trouve, vieille canaille ! dit le chasseur. Il y a un moment que je te cherche !... Et il allait épauler son fusil, quand, tout à coup, l'idée lui vint que le loup avait peut-être mangé la grand-mère et qu'il pouvait être encore temps de la sauver. Il reposa son fusil, prit des ciseaux et se mit à tailler le ventre du loup endormi. Au deuxième ou au troisième coup de ciseaux, il vit le rouge chaperon qui luisait ; deux ou trois coups de ciseaux encore, et la fillette sautait dehors en s'écriant : « Oh, la, la, quelle peur j'ai eue ! Comme il faisait noir dans le ventre du loup ! » Et bientôt après, sortait aussi la vieille grand-mère, mais c'était à peine si elle pouvait encore respirer. Le Petit Chaperon Rouge courut chercher de grosses pierres qu'ils fourrèrent dans le ventre du loup ; et quand il se réveilla et voulut bondir, les pierres pesaient si lourd qu'il s'affala et resta mort sur le coup. Tous les trois étaient bien contents : le chasseur prit la peau du loup et rentra chez lui ; la grand-mère mangea la galette et but le vin que le Petit Chaperon Rouge lui avait apportés, se retrouvant bientôt à son aise. Mais pour ce qui est du Petit Chaperon Rouge, elle se jura : « Jamais plus de ta vie tu ne quitteras le chemin pour courir dans les bois, quand ta mère te l'a défendu. » On raconte encore qu'une autre fois, quand le Petit Chaperon Rouge apportait de nouveau de la galette à sa vieille grand-mère, un autre loup essaya de la distraire et de la faire sortir du chemin. Mais elle s'en garda bien et continua à marcher tout droit. Arrivée chez sa grand-mère, elle lui raconta bien vite que le loup était venu à sa rencontre et qu'il lui avait souhaité le bonjour, mais qu'il l'avait regardée avec des yeux si méchants : « Si je n'avais pas été sur la grand-route, il m'aurait dévorée ! » ajouta-t-elle. — Viens, lui dit sa grand-mère, nous allons fermer la porte et la bien cadenasser pour qu'il ne puisse pas entrer ici. Peu après, le loup frappait à la porte et criait : « Ouvre-moi, grand-mère ! C'est moi, le Petit Chaperon Rouge, qui t'apporte des gâteaux ! » Mais les deux gardèrent le silence et n'ouvrirent point la porte. Tête-Grise fit alors plusieurs fois le tour de la maison à pas feutrés, et, pour finir, il sauta sur le toit, décidé à attendre jusqu'au soir, quand le Petit Chaperon Rouge sortirait, pour profiter de l'obscurité et l'engloutir. Mais la grand-mère se douta bien de ses intentions. — Prends le seau, mon enfant, dit-elle au Petit Chaperon Rouge ; j'ai fait cuire des saucisses hier, et tu vas porter l'eau de cuisson dans la grande auge de pierre qui est devant l'entrée de la maison. Le Petit Chaperon Rouge en porta tant et tant de seaux que, pour finir, l'auge était pleine. Alors la bonne odeur de la saucisse vint caresser les narines du loup jusque sur le toit. Il se pencha pour voir et renifler, se pencha et renifla, renifla et se pencha si bien en tendant le cou, qu'à la fin il glissa et ne put plus se retenir. Il glissa du toit et tomba droit dans l'auge de pierre où il se noya. Allégrement, le Petit Chaperon Rouge regagna sa maison, et personne ne lui fit le moindre mal. # Le Vieux Sultan Un paysan avait un chien fidèle qui s'appelait Sultan, mais il était vieux et avait perdu toutes ses dents, si bien qu'il ne pouvait plus rien mordre. Et un jour, devant sa porte, le paysan dit à sa femme : « Demain matin, je prends le fusil et je vais tuer le vieux Sultan qui n'est plus bon à rien. » La femme s'émut de compassion pour la bonne vieille bête fidèle et dit : — Lui qui nous a si bien et si fidèlement servis pendant de si longues années, nous pourrions bien lui accorder le pain de la grâce ! — Eh quoi ? dit l'homme, tu n'y penses pas ! Il n'a plus une dent dans la gueule et aucun voleur n'a peur de lui ; c'est bien son heure de partir à présent. Il nous a servis, mais aussi cela lui a valu la bonne pâtée dont il s'est nourri ! Le pauvre vieux chien, couché au soleil non loin de là, entendit tout et fut bien triste d'apprendre qu'il devait mourir le lendemain matin. Il avait un bon ami en la personne du loup, et, le soir, il se faufila jusqu'à la forêt pour aller lui confier sa peine et le triste destin qui l'attendait. — Écoute, camarade, reprends courage ! Je vais t'aider dans ta détresse et j'ai une bonne idée : le matin, de très bonne heure, ton maître s'en va faire les foins avec sa femme, et ils emmènent leur enfant avec eux, puisqu'il n'y a personne à la maison pour le garder ; ils le couchent à l'ombre d'une haie pendant qu'ils travaillent. Tu n'auras qu'à te coucher du côté du petit comme si tu voulais le garder, et moi je sortirai de la forêt pour venir enlever l'enfant ; alors tu te précipiteras derrière moi et tu me poursuivras comme pour me le reprendre ; je le laisserai tomber et tu le rapporteras à tes maîtres, qui croiront que tu l'as sauvé et qui te seront bien trop reconnaissants pour vouloir te faire ensuite le moindre mal : tout au contraire, tu rentreras en complète grâce et ils ne te laisseront plus jamais manquer de rien. Cette idée plut beaucoup au chien et tout se passa comme prévu. Le père poussa des cris pendant que le loup fuyait à travers champs avec l'enfant dans sa gueule ; mais quand le vieux Sultan le rapporta, il ne se tenait plus de joie et il caressa le bon chien en lui disant : « Aussi longtemps que tu vivras, tu seras bien nourri et bien traité ; jamais on ne touchera même à un poil de ta fourrure ! » Et, se tournant vers sa femme, il lui dit : « Va vite à la maison et prépare-lui une bonne soupe au lait bien trempée, qu'il n'ait pas de mal à se donner pour la mâcher, et donne-lui mon oreiller : je lui en fais cadeau pour qu'il soit bien couché. » À partir de ce moment, le vieux Sultan eut la vie si belle qu'il n'avait plus rien à désirer. Le loup vint un peu plus tard lui faire visite et se félicita de la bonne tournure des choses. — Mais je compte bien, mon vieux, que tu fermeras l'œil si d'aventure je viens prendre au troupeau de ton maître un joli mouton bien dodu, ajouta-t-il. La vie devient de plus en plus dure de nos jours ! — Cela non, n'y compte pas ! répondit le chien. Je reste fidèle à mon maître et je ne peux pas consentir à cela ! Le loup pensa qu'il ne parlait pas sérieusement et, la nuit même, se glissa dans la bergerie pour emporter son mouton. Mais le fidèle Sultan avait averti son maître des mauvaises intentions du loup, et le maître était là qui l'attendait, armé d'un fléau avec lequel il lui caressa douloureusement l'échine. Le loup ne put que s'enfuir, mais il cria au chien : « Attends seulement un peu : tu vas me payer cela, faux frère ! » Le lendemain matin, déjà, le sanglier, envoyé par le loup, vint provoquer le chien en duel dans la forêt pour régler cette affaire d'honneur. Le vieux Sultan ne put trouver d'autre témoin que le vieux chat, un très vieux chat qui n'avait que trois pattes. Quand ils s'en allèrent tous les deux vers la forêt pour le duel, le pauvre vieux chat marchait péniblement sur ses trois pattes, et la douleur lui faisait tenir sa queue toute droite. Le loup et son témoin le sanglier se trouvaient déjà sur le terrain, et quand ils virent de loin approcher leur adversaire, ils crurent qu'il s'était armé d'une épée en prenant la queue droite du chat pour une arme. Et quand ils virent d'un peu plus près le chat boiteux qui s'avançait en plongeant de la tête à chaque pas, ils crurent que celui-là ramassait des pierres pour les jeter sur eux. Pris de peur tous les deux, ils se défilèrent : le sanglier fonça dans un épais fourré pour s'y cacher, et le loup monta dans un arbre pour se tenir à l'abri. En arrivant sur le terrain du duel, le chien et le chat furent très étonnés de n'y trouver personne. Ils cherchèrent des yeux alentour. Or, le sanglier était si gros qu'il n'avait pas réussi à se dissimuler entièrement dans le fourré, et ses oreilles dépassaient. Le chat, si vieux qu'il fût, en les voyant bouger, crut que c'était une souris qui bougeait là et lui sauta dessus, mordant à belles dents dans cette proie inespérée. Avec un hurlement de douleur, le sanglier s'enfuit en quittant sa cachette au triple galop, mais non sans leur crier : « Dans l'arbre, le fautif est là-haut, dans l'arbre ! » Levant les yeux, le vieux chien et le vieux chat aperçurent le loup, en effet, qui se sentit si honteux de sa couardise, si humilié de s'être montré si lâche, qu'il accepta la paix que le chien lui offrait. # Margot-la-Malice Il y avait une cuisinière appelée Margot qui portait des chaussures à talons rouges, et quand elle les mettait pour sortir, elle se dandinait et se tournait de droite et de gauche en se disant, toute joyeuse, qu'elle était vraiment jolie fille. Quand elle rentrait à la maison, par bonne humeur, elle buvait un bon petit coup ; et comme le vin met en appétit, elle choisissait le meilleur de ce qu'elle avait cuisiné pour le goûter ; mais elle goûtait toujours, jusqu'à ce qu'elle n'eût plus faim du tout. « C'est un devoir pour la cuisinière, disait-elle, de savoir quel goût a ce qu'elle fait. » Et comme cela, elle avait toujours le meilleur de tout. Un jour, son maître lui annonça : — Margot, ce soir j'ai un invité ; tu nous feras rôtir deux chapons bien tendres et savoureux. — Je m'y mets tout de suite, monsieur ! répondit Margot, qui s'en alla choisir deux jolis chapons qu'elle tua, ébouillanta, pluma, vida, prépara et enfila sur la broche, attendant le soir pour les mettre au feu. Les chapons commencèrent à bien dorer et bientôt furent à point, mais l'invité n'était toujours pas là. Alors Margot cria à son maître : — Si l'invité n'arrive pas, il va falloir que je retire les chapons du feu ; mais c'est un crime et une désolation de ne pas les manger quand ils sont cuits à point, juteux et parfaits ! — Bon, dit le maître, je fais un saut dehors pour ramener l'invité. Dès que le maître eut le dos tourné, Margot retira la broche de devant le feu et mit les chapons de côté, puis elle se dit : « À rester comme cela devant le feu de braise, on se donne soif à force de transpirer. Et qui sait maintenant quand ils vont venir ? En attendant, je vais faire un saut à la cave et boire un petit coup. » Elle y courut, attrapa une cruche pour la remplir, se souhaita bonne santé et que Dieu la bénisse, sur quoi elle but un long trait. Mais comme la cruche n'était pas vide, elle se dit à haute voix : « Le vin se tient bien : et il n'est pas bon de le couper ! » Alors elle but tout le reste à longs traits. « Ça, c'était vraiment un bon coup, bien sérieux ! » Elle remonta ensuite, remit les chapons à rôtir, après les avoir bien beurrés et arrosés, et tout gaiement, elle fit tourner la broche. La peau, joliment croustillante et dorée, chantait que les chapons étaient cuits à point. — Mais on ne sait jamais, dit Margot, il pourrait y manquer un petit quelque chose et ce serait trop dommage ! Alors elle goûta en y mettant le doigt, qu'elle lécha. — Mon Dieu que ces chapons sont bons ! s'exclama-t-elle. C'est un vrai péché de ne point les manger immédiatement ! Ils sont parfaits. Parfaits ! Elle courut à la fenêtre pour voir si le maître n'arrivait pas. Mais non ! Il n'y avait personne en vue. Elle revint aux chapons et tourna la broche. — Là ! en voilà un qui a l'aile qui commence à brûler ! Le mieux, c'est encore que je la mange tout de suite ! Elle la coupe et la mange, la trouve si savoureuse qu'elle se dit : « L'autre, il faut que je la coupe aussi, autrement le maître va trouver cela bizarre. » Et quand elle eut englouti les deux ailes, elle courut encore à la fenêtre ; mais personne ne venait. — Si cela se trouve, pensa-t-elle, ils sont peut-être entrés quelque part et ne viendront pas dîner ici ! Mais ne t'en fais pas, Margot : il y en a un qui est de toute façon entamé ; alors tu vas boire un bon petit coup et là-dessus, finir de le manger ! Tu seras plus tranquille quand il sera tout mangé, et puis c'est péché que de laisser se perdre et dessécher un aussi succulent chapon qui est un véritable don de Dieu ! Elle fit un second saut, jusqu'à la cave, où elle se rafraîchit fort noblement le gosier, puis s'en revint, gaillarde et joyeuse, manger le chapon en entier. — Où est le premier, l'autre doit suivre, se dit-elle alors : ils vont ensemble, il n'y a pas de doute, et ce qui est bon pour l'un va pour l'autre également. Je crois qu'un autre petit coup ne me ferait pas de mal, ma petite Margot. Aussitôt elle descendit s'humecter le palais bien vigoureusement, puis elle fit prendre au second chapon le chemin qu'avait suivi le premier. Elle venait juste de finir son petit festin personnel quand son maître rentra. — Pressons-nous, Margot ! lui cria-t-il, notre invité arrive à l'instant ! — Bien monsieur, je vais servir ! dit Margot. Le maître, pendant ce temps, vérifia s'il y avait tout ce qu'il fallait sur la table et s'empara du grand couteau à découper qu'il alla aiguiser dans le couloir. L'invité arriva, frappant civilement à la porte extérieure, et Margot y courut. Voyant que c'était l'invité, elle mit un doigt sur sa bouche et lui chuchota : « Ne faites pas de bruit et filez vite avant que mon maître ne vous voie, sinon cela va mal aller pour vous ! Il vous a invité à dîner, c'est vrai, mais c'est uniquement dans l'idée de vous couper les deux oreilles. Écoutez-le : il est en train d'aiguiser son couteau ! » Dès qu'il eut entendu le bruit du couteau qu'on aiguisait dans le couloir, l'invité fit demi-tour et prit ses jambes à son cou pour dévaler l'escalier et filer dans la rue. Margot ne perdit pas le nord et se précipita vers son maître en criant : — Eh bien, ils sont jolis, les gens que vous invitez ! — Pourquoi dis-tu cela, Margot ? Qu'est-ce qu'il y a ? — Oui, oui, du joli monde ! reprit Margot. Celui-là m'a arraché les deux chapons que je venais servir, et le voilà parti avec ! — En voilà des façons ! grogna le maître tout dépité à la pensée de ses deux succulents chapons rôtis. Si seulement il m'en avait laissé un, que j'aie quelque chose à manger ! Vite, il cria à l'autre de s'arrêter, et l'autre n'en fit rien, mais courut de plus belle. Alors le maître se lança à sa poursuite, tenant toujours le couteau dans sa main, et tout en courant il lui criait : « Pas les deux ! Pas les deux ! » voulant dire par là qu'il ne réclamait qu'un seul des deux chapons. Mais après ce que lui avait dit la Margot, le fuyard comprit que son hôte n'en voulait qu'à une de ses oreilles et ne lui couperait pas les deux. Sur quoi il se mit à courir comme s'il avait le feu aux trousses, car il tenait, lui, à les ramener toutes les deux chez lui, ses oreilles. # Le Voyage du Petit-Poucet Un tailleur avait un fils qui était né minuscule et n'avait jamais dépassé la taille du pouce d'un homme ; c'était pourquoi on l'avait appelé le Petit-Poucet. Mais si petit qu'il fût, il avait du cœur au ventre et plus de courage que bien des grands. — Père, dit-il un jour, je veux et je dois m'en aller pour voir du pays et connaître le monde. — Tu as raison, fiston ! répondit le père qui prit une longue aiguille à tricoter, y souda une garde de cire à cacheter qu'il fondit sur la chandelle, et la lui tendit. Tiens ! voilà au moins une épée pour te défendre sur ta route ! lui dit-il. Le minuscule tailleur, qui voulait partager le dernier repas avec ses parents, sauta jusqu'à la cuisine pour voir un peu ce que Madame sa mère avait cuisiné comme festin d'adieu. — Madame ma mère, que nous donnes-tu aujourd'hui à manger ? demanda-t-il. — Regarde toi-même ! dit la mère. Alors le Petit-Poucet sauta dans la cheminée et regarda dans le chaudron ; mais comme il avait trop tendu le cou en se penchant sur la marmite, la vapeur qui montait du bouillon l'enleva et l'emporta par la cheminée. Un moment, il chevaucha les airs sur cette vapeur puis il redescendit par terre ; et le petit tailleur, qui se trouvait du coup au milieu du monde extérieur, commença son voyage et s'en alla d'abord s'engager chez un maître tailleur ; mais dans cette maison, la nourriture ne lui plaisait pas. — Madame la maîtresse, si vous ne nous donnez pas une meilleure nourriture, dit le Petit-Poucet, je m'en irai d'ici et demain de bonne heure, j'écrirai à la craie sur votre porte : « Trop de pommes de terre et pas assez de viande ; adieu, roi des patates ! » — Qu'est-ce que tu veux encore, petite sauterelle ? cria la maîtresse de maison en colère, empoignant un torchon pour en frapper notre Poucet. Mais le petit tailleur sauta se mettre à l'abri sous le dé, glissa un œil au-dehors et tira la langue à la maîtresse. — Je vais t'apprendre ! cria-t-elle en prenant le dé entre ses doigts pour s'emparer de l'insolent. Mais le dé était vide, car déjà le Petit-Poucet avait sauté se cacher dans le torchon ; et quand elle secoua le torchon pour le trouver, il s'était glissé dans une fente de la table. — Hé, hé ! Madame la maîtresse ! l'appela-t-il en sortant sa petite tête. Elle voulut le frapper d'un coup de torchon, mais il était déjà dans le tiroir, où elle finit quand même par le trouver, le prendre et le jeter dehors. Le petit tailleur s'en alla sans souci, marchant droit devant lui, et arriva ainsi dans une grande forêt, où il fit la rencontre de bandits qui s'apprêtaient à dévaliser le trésor du roi. En voyant le petit bout d'homme, ils se dirent : « Voilà un marmouset qui pourrait bien passer par un trou de serrure et qui nous servirait fort bien de passe-partout ! » — Holà ! toi, le géant Goliath, cria l'un d'eux, cela te dirait-il de venir avec nous à la salle du trésor ? Tu te glisserais à l'intérieur et tu nous passerais l'argent. Le Petit-Poucet réfléchit un moment, finit par accepter et s'en fut avec eux à la salle du trésor, dont il examina la porte du haut en bas pour voir si elle n'avait pas une bonne petite fente quelque part. Il ne lui fallut pas longtemps pour découvrir ce qu'il cherchait : une fente assez large pour qu'il pût s'y glisser. Il allait s'y engager, quand l'une des deux sentinelles en faction devant la porte l'aperçut et dit à son compagnon de garde : — Dis donc, qu'est-ce que c'est que cette vilaine araignée qui court par là ? Je vais l'écraser sous ma botte ! — Laisse donc aller cette pauvre bête qui ne t'a rien fait ! répondit l'autre soldat. Pendant ce temps, le Petit-Poucet avait heureusement passé à travers la fente et se trouvait à l'intérieur de la chambre du trésor. Il alla ouvrir la fenêtre, sous laquelle attendaient les voleurs, et il commença à leur jeter les écus d'or un à un. Il était en plein travail quand il entendit le roi qui venait admirer ses richesses, et vite, vite, il se cacha. Le roi remarqua bien que nombre de beaux écus d'or manquaient, mais il n'arrivait pas à comprendre qui avait bien pu les voler, puisque rien n'était fracturé et que toutes les serrures et tous les verrous étaient intacts et parfaitement fermés. Au bout d'un moment, le roi s'en alla et dit aux sentinelles devant la porte : « Ayez l'œil, vous autres, il y a quelqu'un qui en veut à mon or. » La porte refermée, Petit-Poucet s'était remis au travail, mais les sentinelles, de l'extérieur, entendirent les écus qui dansaient à l'intérieur et qui sonnaient cling ! cling ! cling ! Ils se précipitèrent à l'intérieur pour s'emparer du voleur. Ouiche donc ! Le Petit-Poucet les avait entendus dans leur lourde hâte, et il s'était montré beaucoup plus rapide, sautant dans un coin pour se cacher derrière un bel écu brillant. Il s'était glissé dessous et personne ne pouvait le voir ; alors il s'offrit le luxe d'appeler les gardes pour se moquer d'eux : « Hé ! hé ! Je suis ici ! » Les sentinelles accoururent, mais le temps qu'elles arrivent, il était déjà sous un autre écu, dans un autre coin, et leur criait : « Ho ! ho ! Je suis là ! » Les soldats y bondirent, mais le Petit-Poucet ne les avait pas attendus et criait d'un troisième endroit : « Ohé ! Je suis ici ! » Puis ailleurs, et encore ailleurs, et ainsi de suite jusqu'à ce que les soldats, exaspérés et las d'être moqués, s'en allèrent et reprirent leur garde devant la porte du trésor. Aussitôt les pièces d'or reprirent le chemin de la fenêtre et tous les écus y passèrent prestement, jusqu'à ce que le trésor fût parfaitement vide. La dernière pièce, Petit-Poucet l'expédia de toutes ses forces, sauta dessus et s'en alla avec elle par la fenêtre pour venir tomber au milieu des autres. Les bandits ne tarissaient pas d'éloges et multipliaient leurs félicitations : « Tu es un grand héros, finirent-ils par lui dire, veux-tu être notre chef ? » Le Petit-Poucet les remercia mais s'excusa, car, leur dit-il, il voulait d'abord voir le monde. Quand ils firent le partage du butin, notre minuscule tailleur ne put rien prendre qu'un petit sou, n'ayant pas la force de porter autre chose avec lui. Il boucla alors le ceinturon de son épée, souhaita le bonjour à la bande et prit la route entre ses jambes. Ici ou là, il entra travailler chez certains maîtres tailleurs, mais ce genre de travail ne lui plaisait guère et, pour finir, il loua ses services comme valet dans une auberge. Mais là, ce furent les servantes qui le prirent en grippe parce qu'elles n'arrivaient jamais à l'apercevoir, alors qu'il voyait tout ce qu'elles faisaient en cachette, se trouvant toujours là pour les surprendre et aller raconter aux patrons combien d'assiettées elles avaient mangées à table ou ce qu'elles avaient chipé dans le garde-manger pour leur compte personnel. « Tu n'y perdras rien pour attendre, pensèrent-elles, et nous te le ferons payer ! » Elles complotèrent, en cherchant quelque vilain tour à lui jouer. Un jour que l'une d'elles était en train de faucher dans le jardin, voyant le Petit-Poucet batifoler et gambader parmi les hautes herbes de la pelouse, elle s'empressa de faucher l'endroit et de le ramasser avec l'herbe, qu'elle alla bien vite porter aux vaches, en cachette. Parmi les vaches, il y en avait une grosse et noire, qui l'avala avec son herbe, mais sans lui faire de mal. Dans le ventre de la bête, il ne se plaisait pas, mais pas du tout, parce que c'était tout sombre et qu'il n'y avait pas la moindre lumière dans ces noires ténèbres. Quand on vint traire la vache, il se mit à crier : _Traich, trich, train_ _Le seau n'est-il pas bientôt plein ?_ Mais nul ne l'entendit à cause du bruit que faisait le lait en fusant dans le seau, et cela ne servit de rien. Un peu plus tard arriva l'aubergiste dans son étable : « Demain, dit-il devant la grosse vache noire, on va tuer et bouchoyer cette bête. » Petit-Poucet, dans le ventre de la vache, fut pris d'une telle peur qu'il se mit à crier de toute sa petite voix claire : — Laissez-moi d'abord sortir ! Je suis dedans ! — Mais où es-tu ? demanda le maître, qui avait fort bien entendu cette voix, mais ne savait pas d'où elle pouvait venir. — Dans la noire ! Dans la noire ! cria le Poucet. Mais le maître ne le comprit pas et s'en alla tout bonnement. Le lendemain matin la vache fut abattue, saignée et découpée. Par bonheur le Petit-Poucet passa entre les coups de hache et les coups de couteau sans y laisser sa vie, mais il resta prisonnier de la chair à saucisses ; et lorsque le boucher s'approcha et se mit à hacher, le marmouset hurla de toute la force de ses petits poumons : « Pas trop menu ! pas trop menu ! Je suis au milieu de la viande ! » Mais à quoi bon ? Avec le bruit que faisait le hachoir, personne ne pouvait rien entendre. Petit-Poucet se trouvait à présent jeté dans son plus grand péril, mais le péril donne du nerf et fait marcher les jambes : à force de sauter et de bondir de-ci de-là pour éviter le pire, il réussit à passer entre les couteaux du hachoir sans dommage pour ses membres, et il sauva sa peau. Sa peau et rien de plus, car sortir de là, il ne le pouvait pas, quoi qu'il fit : la vie qu'il venait de sauver n'avait au bout du compte pas d'avenir ailleurs qu'à l'intérieur d'une saucisse. Ce domicile était plutôt exigu, à vrai dire, et il lui fallut, de plus, se trouver suspendu dans la cheminée pour y être fumé, ce qui fit que le temps de cet interminable séjour lui parut plutôt long ! Mais enfin, en plein hiver, arriva le jour qu'il fut dépendu, car la saucisse était destinée à l'assiette d'un client. Aussi, quand l'aubergiste, dans sa cuisine, se mit à couper la saucisse en tranches, le Petit-Poucet fit-il bien attention de ne pas avancer sa tête au-dehors pour ne pas risquer de se faire couper le cou. Libéré, enfin, il respira le bon air du dehors et bondit pour se sauver. Car dans cette maison où il en avait tant vu, il n'avait pas l'intention de rester une seconde de plus : sa seule hâte et son unique pensée étant de reprendre la route pour aller voir du pays. Pourtant sa liberté ne fut pas de longue durée. En pleine campagne, il se trouva nez à nez avec un renard qui l'avala sans même y prendre garde, tout en rêvant à autre chose. — Eh ! monsieur le renard ! hurla le petit homme, je suis déjà au beau milieu de votre gosier, laissez-moi reprendre ma liberté ! — Tu as raison, répondit le renard, te manger toi, c'est tout autant que rien. Mais il faut que tu me promettes toutes les poules du poulailler de ton père, si tu veux que je te laisse aller. — De tout mon cœur ! répondit le Petit-Poucet. Les poules, tu les auras toutes jusqu'à la dernière, je te le promets ! Alors le renard lui rendit sa liberté et le porta lui-même jusque chez lui, dans la maison paternelle. Et quand le père retrouva son cher petit bout de fils, il fut si heureux qu'il donna bien volontiers ses poules au renard. — Et en plus, annonça triomphalement le Petit-Poucet à son père, je te rapporte une bonne petite somme d'argent ! Et il lui tendit la pièce d'un sou qu'il avait gagnée au cours de son périple. — Mais pourquoi le renard s'était-il vu donner toutes les malheureuses poules sans qu'elles eussent rien à dire ? — Eh bien, petit idiot, ton père aussi aime mieux son enfant que les poules de son poulailler ! # La Lumière bleue Il était une fois un soldat qui avait, pendant de longues années, fidèlement servi le roi ; mais il fut licencié quand la guerre fut terminée, en dépit des nombreuses blessures qui avaient fait de lui un invalide. Le roi s'adressa à lui en personne et lui dit : « Tu peux rentrer chez toi, je n'ai plus besoin de tes services ; mais tu n'as plus d'argent à attendre à présent, les soldes n'étant versées qu'à ceux qui sont à mon service. » Accablé de soucis et ne sachant comment gagner sa vie, le soldat s'éloigna et marcha tout le jour. Le soir, il se trouva dans une forêt où il vit, dans l'obscurité, briller une lumière ; il s'en approcha et arriva ainsi à une maison qu'habitait une sorcière. — Donne-moi asile pour la nuit, lui demanda-t-il, et si peu que ce soit à boire et à manger, sinon je vais tomber d'inanition ! — Holà ! s'écria la sorcière, qui est-ce qui donne quelque chose à un soldat vagabond ? Pourtant je vais me montrer charitable et t'accepter, à condition que tu fasses ce que je te demande. — Que veux-tu ? demanda le soldat. — Que tu me bêches mon jardin demain, dit la sorcière. Il accepta et travailla, le lendemain, autant qu'il le put et de toutes ses forces, mais le soir survint avant qu'il eût terminé son ouvrage. — Bon ! lui dit la sorcière, je vois bien que tu ne pourrais pas en faire plus aujourd'hui et je vais te garder une nuit de plus, à condition que demain, tu me fendes mon bois. Le soldat fendit du bois toute la journée et le soir, la sorcière lui offrit de le coucher une nuit encore. — Tu n'auras qu'à me faire un tout petit travail demain, lui dit-elle : j'ai un vieux puits à sec derrière la maison, au fond duquel j'ai laissé tomber ma lumière ; c'est une chandelle qui brûle avec une flamme bleue et qui ne s'éteint pas. Il te suffira de me la remonter. Le lendemain, la vieille femme le mena à son vieux puits et l'y fit descendre dans un panier attaché à la corde. Il trouva tout de suite la lumière bleue et fit un signe pour se faire remonter. La vieille femme le hissa en tirant la corde, mais quand il fut à la hauteur de la margelle, elle tendit la main pour prendre la lumière. — Non, déclara le soldat qui se méfiait de ses mauvaises intentions, tu n'auras ta chandelle que lorsque j'aurai, moi, les deux pieds sur la terre ferme ! Furieuse, la sorcière lâcha la corde et s'en alla, le laissant tomber au fond du puits où il se retrouva, le malheureux, sans pourtant s'être rien cassé ni fait de mal ; la lumière bleue éclairait toujours, mais à quoi cela lui servait-il ? Là où il était, il n'avait plus qu'à attendre la mort. Tout à ses tristes pensées, il fourra machinalement la main dans sa poche et y trouva sa pipe à demi bourrée. « Ce sera ma dernière consolation ! » se dit-il, et il l'alluma à la flamme bleue pour en tirer quelques bonnes bouffées. Quand la fumée eut envahi le fond du puits, un petit homme surgit tout soudain devant lui et demanda : — Maître, que désires-tu ? Quels sont tes ordres ? — Moi, s'étonna le soldat, quels ordres aurais-je à donner ? — Je dois faire tout ce que tu désires, répondit le petit homme. — Très bien, dans ce cas, tire-moi d'abord de ce puits ! Le nain le prit par la main et le conduisit par un chemin souterrain, mais sans oublier d'emporter avec lui la lumière bleue ; en cours de route, il lui montra les trésors accumulés et cachés là par la sorcière, et le soldat se bourra les poches d'or et en emporta autant qu'il pouvait en porter. Une fois dehors, il dit au petit homme : — Entre à présent chez la vieille sorcière, attache-la et livre-la à la justice ! Quelques instants plus tard, il la vit passer en coup de vent, à cheval sur un chat sauvage et poussant des hurlements affreux, puis le petit homme reparaissait presque aussitôt pour lui annoncer : — Tout est terminé et la sorcière est déjà pendue au gibet. Quels sont tes ordres à présent, maître ? — Rien pour l'instant, répondit le soldat ; tu peux rentrer chez toi. Mais trouve-toi à ma disposition immédiate aussitôt que je t'appellerai ! — Il te suffira d'allumer ta pipe à la lumière bleue, et je serai là, lui répondit le petit homme qui disparut aussitôt. Le soldat s'en revint à la ville d'où il était parti, choisit la meilleure auberge, se fit faire un bel habit, après quoi il se fit donner par l'aubergiste la chambre la plus confortable et la plus luxueuse qu'on pouvait lui préparer. Une fois que tout fut prêt, quand il fut lui-même bien installé, le soldat appela le petit homme et lui dit : — Le roi, que j'avais servi avec fidélité, m'a licencié en me laissant crever de faim : c'est pourquoi je voudrais à présent me venger ! — Que dois-je faire ? questionna le petit homme. — Ce soir, tard, quand la princesse sera couchée et endormie, tu me l'amèneras jusqu'ici, dans son sommeil, pour qu'elle me fasse office de servante. — Pour moi, répondit le petit homme, la chose n'est que facile ; mais pour toi, elle est pleine de danger dans ses conséquences, car si jamais cela se sait, tu ne t'en tireras pas à bon compte. Le douzième coup de minuit sonnait encore quand la porte s'ouvrit brusquement : le petit homme arriva dans la chambre du soldat, portant la princesse. — Ah ! te voilà ! s'exclama le soldat. Alors mets-toi au travail, et en vitesse ! Attrape le balai et fais-moi le ménage de ma chambre ! Dès qu'elle eut fini de balayer, il lui commanda de venir jusqu'à son fauteuil, allongea les jambes et dit : « Tire-moi mes bottes ! » Il les lui lança ensuite à travers la figure et elle dut les ramasser, les lui décrotter, les lui faire briller et reluire impeccablement. Les yeux mi-clos, sans une protestation ni un soupir, elle fit tout ce qu'il lui ordonna jusqu'au premier chant du coq ; alors le petit homme la remporta au palais royal et la recoucha dans son lit. Le matin, après son réveil, la princesse s'en fut trouver son père et lui raconta qu'elle avait eu un rêve étrange. — J'ai été emportée comme par un éclair dans les rues, lui dit-elle, et amenée dans la chambre d'un soldat auquel j'ai dû servir de domestique, obéissant à tous ses ordres et lui faisant les travaux les plus rebutants : il m'a fallu lui balayer sa chambre et lui cirer ses bottes. Ce n'était qu'un rêve, ajouta-t-elle, et pourtant je suis aussi exténuée que si je l'avais réellement vécu. — Le rêve aussi pourrait avoir été réel, dit le roi, et je te donnerai un conseil : bourre ta poche de petits pois et perce-la d'un petit trou qui les laisse passer ; comme cela, si l'on vient te chercher de nouveau, ils marqueront la trace de ton passage dans les rues. Mais tandis que le roi parlait ainsi, le petit homme était là, invisible, et il entendit tout. Dans la nuit, quand il emporta la princesse endormie par les rues, il y eut bien quelques petits pois qui tombèrent, par-ci par-là, de sa poche ; mais l'indication qu'ils pouvaient donner était nulle, car le malin petit homme en avait parsemé toutes les rues. Et jusqu'au chant du coq, de nouveau, la princesse dut travailler et obéir comme la plus humble des servantes. Le lendemain matin, le roi envoya ses gens pour relever sa trace, mais à quoi pouvaient-ils aboutir, quand, dans toutes les rues, ils trouvèrent les enfants des pauvres en train de ramasser des petits pois et déclarant, émerveillés : — Il en a plu cette nuit ! — Il faut que nous trouvions autre chose, décida le roi. Ce soir, en allant te coucher, tu resteras chaussée ; et avant de revenir de là-bas, tu cacheras l'une de tes chaussures : je saurai bien faire en sorte qu'elle soit retrouvée. Le petit homme noir, cette fois encore, avait surpris la conversation ; le soir, quand le soldat désira qu'il allât encore chercher la princesse, il voulut le détourner de son projet en lui disant qu'il ne voyait pas le moyen de déjouer cette ruse, et que si la chaussure était découverte chez lui, cela ne pourrait que tourner très mal. « Fais ce que je te dis ! » répondit le soldat ; et la princesse, pour la troisième nuit consécutive, dut accomplir sa besogne de servante. Mais avant d'être retransportée au palais, elle avait caché sa chaussure sous le lit. Le lendemain matin, le roi fit rechercher par toute la ville la chaussure de sa fille, qui fut trouvée chez le soldat ; mais il avait lui-même, sur les instances du petit homme, quitté la ville quelques instants auparavant. Il n'en fut pas moins rejoint, arrêté et jeté en prison, alors que, dans la précipitation de sa fuite, il avait oublié et laissé derrière lui ce qu'il avait de plus précieux : son or et la lumière bleue ; il n'avait plus en poche qu'un unique ducat. Dans ses chaînes, debout à la fenêtre de son cachot, il vit passer l'un de ses anciens camarades dans la rue et frappa au carreau pour attirer son attention. Lorsque le camarade se fut approché assez près pour l'entendre, il lui cria : « Sois bon, et va me chercher le petit baluchon que j'ai laissé à l'auberge : je te donnerai un ducat. » Le camarade courut à l'auberge et lui rapporta peu après son bien tant désiré. Dès qu'il se retrouva seul, le soldat tira sa pipe et l'alluma à la lumière bleue pour faire venir le petit homme noir. « Sois sans crainte, dit le petit homme à son maître ; laisse-les faire et t'emmener où ils voudront, pourvu que tu aies avec toi la lumière bleue. » Le soldat comparut le lendemain devant le tribunal, et le juge prononça contre lui la sentence de mort, bien qu'il ne fût coupable de rien. Comme on allait l'emmener sur les lieux du supplice, il demanda au roi une ultime grâce. — Laquelle ? s'enquit le roi. — Qu'il me soit permis de fumer une dernière pipe en cours de route. — Tu peux en fumer trois, déclara le roi, mais ne va pas t'imaginer que je te ferai grâce de la vie ! Alors le soldat sortit sa pipe et l'alluma à la lumière bleue pour en tirer deux ou trois bouffées, et déjà le petit homme se trouvait là, devant lui, serrant un petit gourdin dans sa petite main. — Que commande mon maître ? demanda-t-il. — Bâtonne-moi ces mauvais juges et leurs sbires à les laisser sur le carreau, dit-il, et n'épargne pas le roi qui m'a si indignement traité ! Le petit homme tomba sur eux comme la foudre, frappant ici et là, en zigzag, et à peine son gourdin en avait-il touché un qu'il restait cloué au sol, n'osant plus bouger. Le roi, dans son épouvante, en fut réduit aux supplications et aux prières, allant jusqu'à faire don au soldat, pour seulement avoir la vie sauve, de son royaume et de sa fille comme épouse. # SUPPLÉMENT PÉDAGOGIQUE ## Fiche élève 1 : souvenez-vous des contes de votre enfance ! ### 1. Langue a. Trouvez deux homophones du mot « conte ». b. Employez chacun de ces trois termes dans trois phrases de votre invention permettant d'en saisir le sens. ### 2. Vous avez déjà lu des contes à l'école primaire. Vous souvenez-vous des titres ? ### 3. Voici des noms de conteurs célèbres. Faites une recherche dans un dictionnaire des noms propres, au C.D.I. ou sur un moteur de recherche pour compléter le tableau suivant : **Nom** | **Siècle** | **Langue d'écriture** | **Un titre au choix** ---|---|---|--- Charles Perrault | | | Amadou Hampâté Bâ | | | Lewis Carroll | | | Jacob et Wilhelm Grimm | | | Roald Dahl | | | Hans Christian Andersen | | | Anonyme | | | « Ali Baba et les quarante voleurs » N'hésitez pas à lire ces contes. ## Fiche élève 2 : observez ! ### 1. Décrivez la première de couverture. ### 2. Grâce à cette couverture, qu'imaginez-vous trouver dans ce recueil ? **Le saviez-vous ?** Un recueil est un livre qui recueille, qui réunit plusieurs écrits. On peut trouver par exemple des recueils de poésies, de récits portant sur un thème choisi, ou encore des recueils de lois. Les mots « anthologie », « florilège », « annales » ou « compilation » sont des synonymes du terme « recueil ». ## Fiche élève 3 : entrez dans l'histoire ! ### 1. Recopiez et remplissez le tableau ci-dessous pour comprendre comment sont ancrées les histoires. **Conte** | **Premiers mots du récit** | **Lieu du récit (s'il est exprimé)** | **Époque du récit (si elle est exprimée)** | **Les deux principaux temps verbaux utilisés** ---|---|---|---|--- « Blanche-Neige » | | | | « Les Trois Fileuses » | | | | « Le Fiancé brigand » | | | | « La Lumière bleue » | | | | ### 2. Que ressentez-vous lorsque vous entendez la formule d'entrée « il était une fois » ? **Bilan** Le cadre spatio-temporel d'un conte est indéterminé. En effet, l'histoire se déroule dans un passé lointain et un lieu géographique imprécis. La formule d'entrée, souvent utilisée, permet de s'immerger dans un monde imaginaire. **Le saviez-vous ?** On doit la formule d'entrée « il était une fois » à Charles Perrault. Elle est réutilisée dans de nombreuses langues, notamment en anglais ( _once upon a time_ ), en allemand ( _es war einmal_ ) ou encore en italien ( _c'era una volta_ ). On retrouve souvent la même structure de phrase « il était une fois, quelqu'un qui... », ou encore « il était une fois, quelque part... ». ## Fiche élève 4 : avez-vous bien lu ? ### 1. « Blanche-Neige » a. Pourquoi Blanche-Neige s'appelle-t-elle ainsi ? b. Pour quelle raison le chasseur ne la tue-t-il pas ? c. Quel stratagème le chasseur met-il en place afin de faire croire à la reine qu'il lui a obéi ? d. Quel est le métier des sept nains ? Citez le texte pour justifier votre réponse. e. Quels sont les trois différents pièges que la reine tend à Blanche-Neige pour la tuer ? ### 2. « Les Trois Fileuses » a. Quel est le principal défaut de l'héroïne ? b. Chacune des fileuses a un défaut physique. Quels sont-ils ? c. À quelle condition les trois fileuses viennent-elles au secours de l'héroïne ? ### 3. « La Lumière bleue » a. Quelle est l'injustice que subit le soldat au début du conte ? b. Que se passe-t-il lorsque le soldat allume sa pipe à l'aide de la lumière bleue ? c. Quel est le souhait, très risqué, du soldat ? d. Par quel stratagème le roi parvient-il à retrouver ce soldat ? e. Quel est le dénouement pour le soldat ? ## Fiche élève 5 : observez les personnages ### 1. Recopiez et remplissez le tableau ci-dessous pour comprendre comment sont élaborés les personnages des contes. Conte | Nom du personnage | Caractéristiques physiques (expressions à relever dans le texte) | Caractéristiques morales (expressions à relever dans le texte) ---|---|---|--- « Jeannot et Margot » | La vieille | | « Cendrillon » | Cendrillon | | « Margot-la-Malice » | Margot-la-Malice | | ### 2. Trouvez un synonyme et un antonyme de chaque caractéristique relevée. ### Bilan Les personnages des contes sont souvent stéréotypés : leur aspect physique correspond à leur caractère. Le nom du personnage peut révéler une caractéristique physique (Le Petit Chaperon rouge, Blanche-Neige, Cendrillon, etc.), un trait de caractère (la méchante sorcière, Margot-la-Malice), ou encore une fonction (le Roi, la Reine, le Père, etc.). La mémorisation des noms est ainsi facilitée lors de la transmission orale des contes. ## Fiche élève 6 : décrivez ### 1. Revoyez les différentes valeurs de l'imparfait. ### 2. Préparation de rédaction En binôme ou en petits groupes, listez différentes expressions qui peuvent être utilisées dans une description pour remplacer les verbes « être » et « avoir ». Cette liste vous permettra d'enrichir votre rédaction. ### 3. Rédaction Décrivez à l'imparfait une sorcière ou une princesse de votre invention. Votre production sera composée de deux paragraphes : l'un mettant en valeur ses caractéristiques physiques, l'autre ses caractéristiques morales. N'oubliez pas de donner un nom à votre personnage. Vous pouvez pour cela vous aider d'une image (trouvée dans un livre de contes, ou sur Internet). ## Fiche élève 7 : étudiez le merveilleux Le mot « merveilleux » vient du latin _mirabilia_ qui signifie « les choses qui étonnent ». ### 1. « L'Oiseau d'Ourdi » Quel objet est magique ? Pourquoi est-il magique ? ### 2. « Blanche-Neige » Pourquoi peut-on dire que le miroir de la reine est merveilleux ? ### 3. « Jeannot et Margot » et « La Lumière bleue » Quel est le type de personnage merveilleux que l'on retrouve dans ces deux contes ? ### 4. « La Lumière bleue » Quel est le personnage surnaturel ? ### 5. « Contes du crapaud » Que fait d'extraordinaire le crapaud de chacun de ces deux contes ? ### 6. « Cendrillon » Pourquoi peut-on dire que la métamorphose de Cendrillon est magique ? ### Bilan En littérature, on appelle merveilleux l'irruption du surnaturel dans un récit. Les éléments merveilleux peuvent être des objets (un tapis volant, une baguette magique, des bottes de sept lieues, etc.), des personnages (un ogre, une fée, une sorcière, etc.) ou des événements (comme une métamorphose ou un ensorcellement). ## Fiche élève 8 : retenez l'orthographe Votre professeur vous dictera un passage du conte « Chat et souris associés » situé entre le début du texte et « le petit pot de graisse fut mis en sécurité ». ### Comment préparer une dictée ? 1. Lisez plusieurs fois le passage et comprenez-le bien (si nécessaire, cherchez la définition des mots inconnus, comme celle du verbe « consentir »). 2. Observez les difficultés orthographiques (comme dans le mot « audace ») et soulignez-les. 3. Faites une première dictée sur une partie du texte avec vos parents ou un camarade. 4. Listez les erreurs commises, cherchez-en l'explication (revoyez par exemple la différence entre « ou » et « où ») et mémorisez-en la graphie correcte (si besoin, recopiez les mots difficiles pour vous plusieurs fois). 5. Faites-vous dicter ce passage à nouveau, jusqu'à ne plus faire d'erreur. 6. Recommencez les étapes 3 à 5 avec une autre partie de l'extrait. Après votre préparation, vous devez pouvoir écrire entièrement cet extrait et connaître les « pièges » à éviter pour ne plus faire d'erreur. ## Fiche élève 9 : étudiez la structure – « La Belle au bois dormant » ### 1. La situation initiale Que s'apprête à célébrer le royaume ? ### 2. L'élément perturbateur Quel événement perturbe la fête ? ### 3. Les péripéties a. Effectuez une recherche afin de comprendre ce qu'est un fuseau. b. Qu'arrive-t-il à la princesse ? c. Quelles sont les conséquences de cet événement pour le royaume ? d. Pourquoi peut-on dire que le prince fait preuve de courage lorsqu'il décide d'aller retrouver la princesse Fleur-d'Épine ? ### 4. L'élément de résolution Quel exploit accomplit le prince ? ### 5. La situation finale Pourquoi peut-on dire que le conte se termine bien ? ### Bilan Les contes sont souvent construits à partir d'un même schéma. Ces cinq différentes étapes sont modulables. Les connaître permet de mieux comprendre le déroulement de l'action, et de les utiliser comme support de brouillon lorsque l'on veut soi-même écrire un conte. ## Fiche élève 10 : étudiez la morale ### 1. « L'Oiseau d'Ourdi » a. Quelle leçon doit-on tirer du conte ? b. Cette leçon, la morale de l'histoire, est-elle exprimée clairement ou le lecteur doit-il la déduire lui-même ? ### 2. « Cendrillon » a. Quelle leçon doit-on tirer de « Cendrillon » ? b. Est-elle exprimée clairement ou le lecteur doit-il la déduire lui-même ? ### 3. À chaque conte, sa (ou ses) morale(s) Saurez-vous relier les contes aux morales qui leur correspondent ? Attention, il peut y avoir plusieurs morales pour un même conte. **Conte** | **Morale** ---|--- « Jeannot et Margot » | Il ne faut pas s'attacher à ce qui est éphémère, comme la beauté. « Chat et souris associés » | Il ne faut pas rejeter les personnes dont l'apparence physique est hors du commun. « Cendrillon » | L'ingratitude est toujours punie. « Les Trois Fileuses » | Quels que soient les accords passés, c'est toujours le plus fort qui vainc. « La Lumière bleue » | Il faut se soutenir au sein d'une même famille. « Blanche-Neige » | Il ne faut pas accepter de cadeaux d'inconnus. | La méchanceté et l'hypocrisie sont punies, la bonté, elle, est récompensée. ### Bilan Outre le divertissement du lecteur à travers une histoire imaginaire, les contes ont pour objectif de lui transmettre une leçon. Si cette leçon est exprimée clairement, il s'agit d'une morale explicite ; si c'est au lecteur de la déduire, il s'agit d'une morale implicite. ### Pour aller plus loin Visionnez le spot publicitaire pour la marque Badoit, qui reprend et transforme le conte de « Cendrillon ». 1. Quelle nouvelle morale cette publicité propose-t-elle au conte ? 2. Quelles caractéristiques de la boisson cette publicité présente-t-elle ? ## Fiche élève 11 : interrogez-vous sur la fonction des contes 1. Pour qui sont écrits les contes des frères Grimm ? 2. À quoi ces contes vous permettent-ils de réfléchir de façon générale ? 3. Dans quels autres courts écrits littéraires retrouve-t-on une morale ? 4. Pourquoi utilise-t-on des histoires imaginaires pour faire réfléchir petits et grands ? ## Fiche élève 12 : exprimez-vous ### Exposé En binôme, étudiez la reprise d'un conte dans une autre œuvre (littéraire, picturale, théâtrale, cinématographique, musicale, etc.). Pour cela, vous pouvez par exemple effectuer une recherche sur un conte que vous avez choisi dans le recueil ou parmi les lectures cursives. 1. Notez les références précises des deux œuvres (date, nom de l'artiste, pays de l'artiste). 2. Quelles sont les différences de forme entre les deux versions ? 3. Y a-t-il des différences entre l'histoire des deux versions ? Si oui, quelles sont les principales modifications ? 4. Quelle version préférez-vous ? Pourquoi ? ### Pour aller plus loin – Livres _Les Mille et Une Nuits_ , abrégés par V. Charpentier, éd. École des loisirs, 2005. Amadou Hampâté Bâ, _Petit Bodiel et autres contes de la savane_ , éd. Stock, 2006. Antoine de Saint Exupéry, _Le Petit Prince_ , éd. Gallimard, 1946. J.M.G. Le Clézio, _Mondo et autres histoires_ , éd. Gallimard, 1982. Erik Orsenna, _La grammaire est une chanson douce_ , éd. Stock, 2001. L. Frank Baum, _Le Magicien d'Oz_ , éd. Gallimard, 1998. – Téléfilms Jacques Demy, _Peau d'âne_ , 1970. Jean Cocteau, _La Belle et la Bête_ , 1946 (en noir et blanc). Paul Grimault, _Le Roi et l'Oiseau_ , 1980 (dessin animé avec des textes de Jacques Prévert, d'après _La Bergère et le Ramoneur_ d'Andersen). Les adaptations par Disney de nombreux contes ( _Alice au pays des merveilles_ , _Cendrillon_ , _Blanche Neige_ , etc.). TABLE Blanche-Neige Les Trois Fileuses Chat et souris associés La Belle au Bois Dormant ou la Princesse Fleur-d'Épine Le Fiancé brigand Jeannot et Margot Le Conte du crapaud Cendrillon L'Oiseau d'Ourdi (ou Barbe-Bleue dans la poésie populaire allemande) Le Petit Chaperon Rouge (version bavaroise) Le Vieux Sultan Margot-la-Malice Le Voyage du Petit-Poucet La Lumière bleue Supplément pédagogique Dans la même collection Notes . On ne sait généralement plus aujourd'hui que c'était le nom d'un chaudron qui restait dans l'âtre. . Annonceur : Danone. Produit : Badoit. Période : octobre 2002. Agence : Louis XIV DDB. Description : Cendrillon, revu et corrigé. On pourra trouver cette publicité notamment sur le lien suivant : http://www.ina.fr/video/PUB2393649115

Q: How do baby animals that primarily subsist on cellulose get their initial gut flora? In the case of mammals like giraffes and koalas, is that bacteria common on the plants they eat so when a baby starts to try to stick something besides its mother's milk in its mouth, it can't digest the cellulose at all the first time, but along with the cellulose, into its mouth went some cellulose-digesting flora that then begins a lifelong colony in the animal's gut? Is that about how it happens? A: I would not expect this to be any different than other animals - they get the flora from the environment. Key components of the environment for newborns are: Birth canal Den / living quarters Skin / fur of mother, especially near the teats Diet Feces of family members (animals sniff this and aren't so clean) A: I don't know about ruminants, but baby rabbits (and presumably other lagomorphs) apparently acquire the necessary intestinal flora by consuming their mother's cecotropes.[1] [1] Johnson-Delaney, C.A. (2006), "Anatomy and Physiology of the Rabbit and Rodent Gastrointestinal System" (PDF)

/* Copyright 2018 The Kubernetes Authors. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. */ // +k8s:deepcopy-gen=package // +k8s:protobuf-gen=package // +k8s:openapi-gen=true // +groupName=coordination.k8s.io package v1 // import "k8s.io/api/coordination/v1"

Paying for your BSN degree: five steps to success. Registered nurses confronted with the necessity of financing their BSN degree need to develop a careful plan to get the needed monetary support. The use of a logical five step model will facilitate the process involved in earning financial assistance from the government or private sources. Nurses can be creative in designing their own financial sources and support packages.

Q: Anyone know whether there is a 5-star rating component on iPhone? In Google groups and some other web sites, there is a 5-star rating component which is pretty neat, such as in this url: http://groups.google.com/group/Google-Picasa-Data-API/browse_thread/thread/b5a346e6429a70a7?hl=en I am wondering whether there is an existing 5-star rating component in the iPhone environment. Or if there is not, if anyone has clue where to start? Thanks A: Here's another open source solution: https://github.com/dlinsin/DLStarRating A: UIView that allows you to build Rating components to provide the same kind of experience AppStore or Youtube applications on iPhone do. http://code.google.com/p/s7ratingview/ A: I'd go simpler. Subclass UIControl and implement the touchesBegan: touchesMoved: and touchesEnded: methods. You can determine which star the user pressed/dragged/let up on with the X coordinate of the touch. For example: CGFloat relativeTouchLocation = [event locationInView:self] / self.bounds.size.width; Then it's just up to you to determine which stars are illuminated based on that value. Oh, and to send a UIControlEventValueChanged event. Obviously, you also override drawRect: to draw the stars in the view. Although Jason's solution above will work, your user won't be able to slide her finger across the control to fine-tune her rating. This would also give you the option of doing half-stars or other fine adjustments.

Why knowing your purpose saves you so much time in life I used to be a person who always wanted to please everyone in my life. The truth of it is that there is nothing wrong in wanting to make those around you proud however it becomes a barrier for your life when you do things just to please everyone around you. I would say that discovering your purpose early in life is one of the best things that you can do for yourself. It prevents you from so many unwanted obstacles that you could possible face. When I was younger, I honestly thought that I knew what I wanted to do with my life. In fact, I was sure that was the correct profession for me because I loved it so much. No one forced me to think in that direction nor did I feel any pressure from society to want to pursue said career. To even prove my honest desire for this profession, I went to university to study a course that would eventually put me on the right track of this desire that I so long for since my youth. However to my surprise, I was wrong, very wrong about it all and what I never thought of doing in my life, not even for a second is exactly where I was thrown- by God. My purpose is to educate! I am a teacher! I never wanted to be a teacher, I wanted to become a world class physician. I thought it was my purpose, the reason for my creation. I ate, slept, and breathe anything that would move me in the direction of becoming an awesome physician not knowing that I was journeying on a path that wasn’t my own. So I was thrown into teaching and I fought it for years. My first year was miserable only because I didn’t have an open mind nor did I think that I was called to be an educator. It wasn’t until my 4th year of teaching that I discovered that this was something that I didn’t mind doing actually and that I did very much enjoy it and not until my 7th year did I fully know that this was my purpose. Discovering your purpose in life is crucial if you desire to live a happy, healthy and fulfilled life. I want to share 5 reasons why knowing/discovering your purpose saves you so much time (and money) in life. WHEN YOU KNOW YOUR PURPOSE YOU THINK MORE CLEARLY When you are unsure of the path to take in life everything will look fuzzy and hazy to you. You will think that you are doing the correct thing meanwhile you are not. This was me for years- I thought becoming a physician was what I was made for. It wasn’t until I was thrown into the field of teaching that I not only discovered that I wasn’t seeing clearly about my life but that indeed this was my purpose. When I eventually made that discovery, I was able to think so much more clearly, way more than the 7- 8 years that I was constantly thinking of many ways to become a physician. I didn’t have “foggy mind” syndrome any more because it was all so clear to me. I could see the potential of my growth while I was teaching because I no longer focused on what was not mine in the first place.Desire to think and see your purpose more clearly. YOU BECOME MUCH MORE HAPPIER I have to admit, when I didn’t know my purpose I was so unhappy. It was some of the darkest times of my life because I was pursuing something that wasn’t for me at all. I was confused as to why it was so hard for me. I was putting an insane amount of pressure on myself. I was sad that I felt like I was being left behind. I felt like a complete and total failure and disappointment. I was just bad and sad for me. However, the moment in which I slowing began to see that my calling and purpose was indeed to become a teacher so that I could later in life fulfill what God was calling me to do I found a new sense of peace and happiness. Ever since my discovery, I’ve been so happy about my calling, my purpose, my destiny. I wake up every morning with a smile knowing that I am able to teach my students something new that day. I love standing in front of students who are eager to learn and teach them all I know and I derive such great happiness and joy in knowing that I am able to shape the minds of the next generation.Do something that will make you happy! YOU SAVE TONS OF MONEY When you are unsure of what you are meant to do in life, it can be quite costly. I mean it is EXPENSIVE. I can tell you that I’ve spent hundreds of thousands of dollars pursuing a field that was not for me. It’s not fun to spend money where you don’t need to spend money. Everyone loves to save when and where they can. Knowing your purpose saves you tons of money.Don’t waste money on something you are not sure is for you. IT TAKES YOU INTO YOUR DESTINY, EARLY! For years, I thought I was going in the right direction to my destiny but I am so grateful that God re-routed me in the correct direction. Imagine driving on the highway without a GPS or navigation system to a location you’ve never been to in your life. Let’s say you were to exit on exit 5 but you kept driving to exit 50 only to discover that your exit was exit 5. How you would you feel? Bothered and annoyed I’m sure! That’s exactly what happens when we don’t know our purpose in life. We keep walking and pursuing other things aimlessly. Sometimes we have jobs that are giving us a temporary financial benefit and we stay the course for years only to be honest with ourselves after serving that company for 30 years of our life unfulfilled. When you know your purpose it takes you to your destiny, your exit quicker. You begin to operate in your destiny way quicker than if you had to wait for 30 years.Desire to get there without any delays. YOU FEEL ACCOMPLISHED When you know your purpose you will feel accomplished. Although your purpose will evolve as you grow and mature in life, you will have a sense of accomplishment when you are truly walking in your purpose. It can be super dreadful to be walking a path that is not meant for you. I constantly tell people especially my students that the one thing that you don’t want to do in life is to be walking on the wrong path and discover it when it’s too late. The only way that you will be accomplished is if you open yourself up to actively pursuing your purpose in life.Desire to discover your purpose today if you want to feel accomplished in life. Do you know the purpose for your life? Share your thoughts with me down below.

Q: Put the correct image in the box according to the ID I have a function that loads certain image data from the database. This data is later loaded into html through * ngFor. In order to load the image referring to this data I need to get the ID of the function that carries the image information, and then perform the function to get image with that same ID. I can get the ID and receive all the images, however at the time of preview all the different images are loaded into the boxes but they all have the same image. (If it has 10 images, it will show the 10 to load and will stop at the last) Only the last one is visible in all boxes. The goal is in each box to fill the image with its ID. Can anyone help me solve? My HTML <div class="row tab-pane Galeria"> <div *ngFor="let product of products" class="col-xl-2 col-lg-3 col-md-4 col-sm-6"> <div class="image-item" (click)="fillModal($event, product)"> <a class="d-block image-block h-100"> <homeImage> <img *ngIf="Images && Images[product.id] && inView" [src]="Images" class="Images img-fluid" alt=""> </homeImage> </a> <div class="ImageText">{{product.name}}</div> </div> </div> </div> Component.ts GetProducts() { let self = this; this.Global.refreshToken() .subscribe(function (result) { self.homeService.getProducts() .then(function (resultado) { if (resultado) { self.products = resultado; } }) .then(() => { if (self.products) { return Promise.all(self.products.map((product) => self.ImageInfo(product.id))); } }) .catch((err) => console.error(err)); }); } ImageInfo(id) { var self = this; this.Global.refreshToken().subscribe(function (result) { self.homeService.getImage(id).then(function (resultado) { if (resultado) { self.Images=resultado; } }).catch(); }); } A: Obviously your last image will display as "Images: any " has been assigned values in each iteration of products. So the last product image will be the value of Images after iteration will get completed. Image and product id as map imagMap: Map<string, string> = new Map<string, string>(); and use them in [src]="imagMap.get(product.id)" and in the service of image :- ImageInfo(id) { var self = this; this.Global.refreshToken().subscribe(function (result) { self.homeService.getImage(id).then(function (resultado) { if (resultado) { self.Images=resultado; self.imagMap.set(id,resultado); } }).catch(); }); } and this way it will keep track of every individual image being stored

alculate the remainder when 158 is divided by z(0). 52 Let q = 274 + 411. Suppose -2*w - 5*x = -q, 5*w - 1047 = 2*w - x. What is the remainder when w is divided by 27? 26 Let w(m) = 9562*m - 4821. Calculate the remainder when w(3) is divided by 204. 201 Let c = 199 + -194. Suppose -4*o = 5*s - 231 - 108, -5*s + c*o + 375 = 0. What is the remainder when s is divided by 38? 33 Suppose 3*f = 5*i + 5*f - 3564, 2*i - 4*f - 1440 = 0. Calculate the remainder when i is divided by 236. 6 Let s = -241 + -21. Let r = 337 + s. What is the remainder when 298 is divided by r? 73 Let n = -428 + 511. Calculate the remainder when 0/((-20)/(-5)) + n is divided by 43. 40 Let a be 9/(-6)*(-3 - 246/18). Calculate the remainder when 10/(a/20 + -1) is divided by 86/5 - 2/10. 6 Suppose 5*y + 5*o = -15, 4*y + 2*o + o = -8. What is the remainder when 368/(-12)*3/(-2) is divided by (12 - 6) + 1/y? 4 Let f = -180 + 132. Calculate the remainder when 87 is divided by (-7)/(42/f) + 2. 7 Let z(l) = -l**2 - 105*l - 1388. Let w(a) = -a**3 - 2*a**2 - a + 1. Calculate the remainder when z(-89) is divided by w(-2). 0 Let s = 745 - 503. Suppose -2*k - 1170 = -5*v - 0*v, v - 2*k = s. Calculate the remainder when v is divided by 18. 16 Suppose 28 = 8*c - 348. Let q = c - 45. Calculate the remainder when 8 is divided by q. 0 Let y be (-4)/6 + (-4 - (-161)/21). Calculate the remainder when -1 + 62 + (-12 + 3)/y is divided by (-1)/(0 + (-3)/60). 18 Let m(x) = x + 6. Let d be m(0). Suppose 3*f = f - d, 0 = -3*u - 3*f + 45. Suppose -4*r + 51 - 7 = 0. Calculate the remainder when u is divided by r. 7 Suppose -f - 2*f = -315. Let u be 3 + 2/(-2*3/3). Suppose -n - 2*n = -4*k - 128, -u*n = -k - 77. What is the remainder when f is divided by n? 33 Calculate the remainder when 83 is divided by (1544/(-26))/(-4) - (-126)/819. 8 Let i(t) = -3*t + 14. Let k be i(8). Let q = -8 - k. Suppose -38 - 33 = -q*u - 5*d, 169 = 5*u + 4*d. What is the remainder when u is divided by 9? 6 Let k be 19215/36 - 5/(-20). Let b = -458 + k. What is the remainder when b is divided by 24? 4 Suppose 423*d - 287*d = -370*d + 143704. What is the remainder when d is divided by 19? 18 Let m = -13384 - -13857. What is the remainder when m is divided by 25? 23 Suppose 0 = 271*k - 266*k + 3*c - 4880, 5*c + 1952 = 2*k. Calculate the remainder when k is divided by 89. 86 Let h = -483 - -149. Calculate the remainder when 6/(-8) + h/(-8) + -2 is divided by 8. 7 Suppose 0 = -55*n - 1208 + 11493. Suppose -11*s = -n - 704. What is the remainder when 157 is divided by s? 76 Let b = 6311 + -6136. Calculate the remainder when b is divided by 86. 3 Let o be 1/3 - (105/(-9) - -9). Suppose 10*m - 91 = o*m. Calculate the remainder when 36 is divided by m. 10 Let y(o) = o**3 - 20*o**2 - 20*o - 19. Let q be y(21). Let g(c) = 5*c**2 + 5*c - 2. Calculate the remainder when g(q) is divided by 5. 3 Let u(c) = -2*c. What is the remainder when u(-6) is divided by ((-16)/(-6))/(-16*26/(-1560))? 2 Let g = -37093 - -37128. What is the remainder when 6433 is divided by g? 28 Let w be (-375)/20*(-40)/6. Suppose 3*y - 39 = -c, 5*c - 7*y + 8*y - w = 0. What is the remainder when 45 is divided by c? 21 Suppose 223 = 3*l - x + 3*x, -3*x = -2*l + 166. Suppose -77 = 4*k - 25. What is the remainder when l is divided by (-5)/(((-39)/(-12))/k)? 17 Let j(z) = 5*z - 41. Suppose 11*p - 8 - 91 = 0. Let a be j(p). Suppose 1 - 7 = -m - 2*g, -a*g = -3*m + 38. What is the remainder when 69 is divided by m? 9 What is the remainder when 6800/7 - 2/((-17)/2 - -5) is divided by 19? 3 Let x be (7/(-7 - -14))/((-3)/(-24)). Suppose -3936 = -24*o - x*o. Calculate the remainder when o is divided by 42. 39 Let j(y) = -4*y**3 + 40*y**2 + 323*y - 46. What is the remainder when j(-7) is divided by 12? 5 Let f = 329 - 312. Let m = 448 + -60. Suppose -3*k - k + m = 4*j, -2*j + 4*k + 212 = 0. Calculate the remainder when j is divided by f. 15 Let n(y) = 31*y**2 + 1486*y - 86. What is the remainder when 56 is divided by n(-48)? 6 Let b = -22635 - -22660. What is the remainder when 4070 is divided by b? 20 Suppose -515648 = 1395*x - 1427*x. What is the remainder when x is divided by 237? 235 Let g(x) be the second derivative of -4*x + x**3 + 0 + 2*x**2 - 1/6*x**4. What is the remainder when 4 is divided by g(3)? 0 Suppose 4*l = -13*h + 8*h + 2646, 2*h = 3*l + 1040. Suppose 3*n - h = n. What is the remainder when n is divided by 22? 21 Calculate the remainder when 0 + 79 + 1 + -2 is divided by (34/(-102)*(-6)/(-5))/((-15)/750). 18 Suppose 4*w - w - 167 = -2*a, -w - a = -57. Let k(s) = 65 - 2*s**2 - w - 40*s - 39. Calculate the remainder when 39 is divided by k(-19). 6 Let m(k) = 2*k**2 + 3*k - 3. Suppose 5*n = -2*n + 11*n - 884. Calculate the remainder when n is divided by m(-5). 29 Let r = 189 + -230. Calculate the remainder when 105 is divided by (-35)/((-63)/(-9)) - 1*r. 33 What is the remainder when 4/(-14) + (-36284490)/(-1386) is divided by 9? 7 Let s(v) = 298*v**3 + 4*v**2 + 7*v + 3. Let c be s(-1). Let i = c - -357. What is the remainder when i is divided by 33? 26 What is the remainder when 2031 is divided by 8*196/544 + 4/34? 0 Suppose 137*x = 3126 + 8108. Calculate the remainder when x is divided by 68. 14 Let n(s) = -s**3 - s**2 + 2*s + 11. Let v be n(0). Suppose v*x - 15*x - 16 = 0. Calculate the remainder when 44 - (39/15 - x/10) is divided by 15. 11 Let w = -78 + 81. Suppose 61 = w*p + i, 5*i - 3*i + 49 = 3*p. What is the remainder when 71 is divided by p? 14 Suppose 2*l = 4*z + 54, 0 = 27*z - 31*z + 8. What is the remainder when 2320 is divided by l? 26 Suppose -2*t = -o - 316 - 302, -630 = -2*t - 2*o. Calculate the remainder when t is divided by 303. 8 Suppose -3837 = -18*a + 357. Let k = -228 + a. What is the remainder when 18 is divided by k? 3 Let o = -30775 - -30952. What is the remainder when o is divided by ((-23)/(-3))/(2/12)? 39 Let w(u) = u**3 - 18*u**2 + 25*u - 3. Let r be w(18). Calculate the remainder when (-1)/(-7) - r/(-7) is divided by 35. 29 Let h be (-2)/5*(8 - (17 + 1)). Suppose -h*p - 5*a = 31, 5*p + 5 = -0*p + 5*a. Calculate the remainder when 133 is divided by 4 + (-2)/p*(-52)/(-2). 14 Let g = 37 - 45. Calculate the remainder when 3 + 14/(-4)*-16 is divided by ((-3)/12)/(-1) - 94/g. 11 Let d(o) = -2*o**3 + 2*o**2 + 2. Suppose -5*r = -3*r - 4. Let p be d(r). What is the remainder when (-4)/p - (-507)/9 is divided by 5? 2 Let n = 75 - 110. Let d = n - -25. Calculate the remainder when 19 is divided by (-141)/(-15) + (-6)/d. 9 Let b be 12*(-3)/(-9) - 21. Let p(n) = -6*n - 88. What is the remainder when 38 is divided by p(b)? 10 Let o = 185 - -816. What is the remainder when o is divided by 22? 11 Let g = -110386 + 110409. Let s = 155 - 67. Calculate the remainder when s is divided by g. 19 Let j be (-6)/4*4/(-3). Calculate the remainder when (-143)/22*(j + -4) is divided by 2. 1 Let t(w) = w + 2*w + 53 + 27 - 13. What is the remainder when 53 is divided by t(-20)? 4 Let n = 2125 - 2070. Suppose -j - j = r + 4, -16 = 2*j + 4*r. Suppose j = 3*c - 46 - 38. What is the remainder when n is divided by c? 27 Suppose -6*c - 264 = -2*c. Let g be ((-143)/(-33) + 5)*-3. Let f = g - c. Calculate the remainder when f is divided by 21. 17 What is the remainder when 268 is divided by (5/((-30)/8))/((-144)/2700)? 18 Calculate the remainder when (55 - 64) + (-2994)/(-4)*2 is divided by 136. 128 Suppose -8483514 = -528*c + 3305670. What is the remainder when c is divided by 154? 152 Let y = 1116 + -467. Let r = y + -585. Calculate the remainder when r is divided by 19. 7 Suppose 0 = -14*b + 11*b + 6. Let n be b/((-22)/24 - 3/(-12)). Let t(o) = -5*o**3 - 2*o**2 - 10. What is the remainder when t(n) is divided by 27? 26 Suppose -3*x = 79 - 91, -3443 = -5*q - 2*x. What is the remainder when q is divided by 46? 43 Let o(k) = -2*k**2 + 21*k + 20. Let q(y) be the second derivative of -2*y**3/3 - 9*y**2/2 + 4*y. What is the remainder when q(-11) is divided by o(11)? 8 Calculate the remainder when (((-2070)/(-150))/(-23))/((-2)/1070) is divided by (-4)/6 - (-394)/6. 61 Let a(h) = -h**3 - h**2 + 24*h + 167. Calculate the remainder when a(0) is divided by 6. 5 Suppose 27*f - 52*f - 55 = -30*f. What is the remainder when 2924 is divided by f? 9 Suppose 541 = -3*y + 4*y. Suppo

Fashion Running to the Shop Our friends at Benzina Films joined Farer Universal as they pilot a Jaguar Lightweight E-type from London to Switzerland in order to pick up their new GMT Automatic watches, the Lander Oxley , and Ponting . The short film chronicles the epic journey through France and into Switzerland with an amazing car that didn’t miss a beat. The watches are pretty special too. Enjoy the video below.

Work machines, such as backhoes, are used in many industries, including the agricultural, construction, and forestry related industries. Typical work machines are employed for performing various heavy tasks, such as moving soil, and lifting and moving bales of hay, pallets, and other heavy items with a hydraulically actuated attachment, such as a bucket. In order to perform work using the attachment, hydraulic cylinders are employed, which are controlled by an operator using control devices, such as joystick levers. Generally, the hydraulic pump employed by work machines is driven by the work machine's engine, and thus, the amount of hydraulic flow deliverable by the hydraulic pump varies with the speed of the engine. In situations where the output of the pump falls below the amount of flow requested by the operator of the work machine, e.g., because engine speed selected by the operator is insufficient for the pump to generate the requested flow, operational difficulties may be encountered. For example instability of the hydraulic system may result, which may adversely affect hydraulic system load handling, and engine recovery and stability. Hence, it is desirable to be able to control the hydraulic system of a work machine in a manner that promotes stable operation.

John Wynne (died 1747) John Wynne ( – 9 February 1747) was an Irish politician. He sat in the House of Commons of Ireland from 1727 to 1747 as a Member of Parliament for Castlebar. References Category:1690 births Category:Year of birth uncertain Category:1747 deaths Category:Irish MPs 1727–1760 Category:Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Mayo constituencies

SYNOPSIS: The movie consists of a conversation between Andre Gregory and Wallace Shawn, both of whom were active in New York theater at the time of the movie. Two themes tie the entire dialog together: (1) should we live spontaneously in the moment, disconnecting ourselves from the purposes of our actions (a la Hindu Karma Yoga), and (2) what is the purpose of the theater. Andre answers yes to the first question and argues that experimental theater can help facilitate this. Wally answers no to the first question and argues that theater has the more modest task of awakening us to new views and issues. In spite of the movie’s dialogically-driven format, it nevertheless follows the standard three-act formula of movie making (i.e., beginning, middle, and end). In Act 1, Wally displays reluctance to meet with Andre, thus creating the tension that is carried throughout the film. For about a half hour, Andre, with brilliant story-telling ability, describes his quests around the world in an attempt to find meaning. In Act 2, Andre defends his philosophy of life (point 1 above), while Wally uncomfortably listens and politely even concedes some points. In Act 3, Wally reveals his true opinion of Andre’s views and, defending common sense, hammers away at Andre’s notions of purposeless action, outposts of enlightenment, and the supernatural. Andre listens graciously to the attack. Both leave the dinner unconvinced of the others’ views, but rewarded by the debate. Like philosophy itself, this movie is for selective audiences, which the filmmakers themselves clearly understood. The format of “My Dinner with Andre” has influenced two other philosophical movies. In “The Quarrel” (1991), a conservative and a liberal Jew discuss the moral implications of the Nazi Holocaust. In “Mind Walk” (1991), a poet, politician and physicist discuss the relation between quantum physics and environmentalism. The specific stories and issues discussed in the film are as follows: Polish theatre director Gratovsky who organizes 40 people in a forest retreat and 100 people in the “bee hive”; the Little Prince; Japanese Buddhist monk Kozan who goes with Andre to the Sahara desert and later lives with Andre and family; the flag; the Scottish agricultural community; Halloween on Long Island; awareness that he is an intellectual creep; people not saying what they’re really feeling but simply play roles; breaking life’s habits and experiencing each moment anew; needing extraordinary experiences to get in touch with reality; contemporary culture turning us into robots and the need to create new centers to preserve life; science vs. the supernatural; perceiving death. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: 1. Andre describes hallucinations that he had, which, from the perspective of an impartial observer, suggest that he was schizophrenic. Does his intellectualism and association with the theatre legitimize his hallucinatory experiences – more so than if, for example, an accountant had similar hallucinations? 2. Although we might explain away Andre’s experiences as the product of schizophrenia, what are we to make of all the people who went through the same experiences with him – e.g., the Polish theatre group, Gratovsky, Kozan? 3. Now rejecting his extreme adventures, Andre compares himself to Nazi architect Albert Speer, a cultured man who didn’t think that ordinary rules of life applied to him. Is anything about this comparison appropriate? 4. According to Andre, Gratovsky gave up the theatre since he felt that people were performing so well in their lives that the theatre was superfluous. Do we really perform in our daily lives in the way that actors perform on the stage? If so, then why do most people seem so unnatural when they attempt to perform on stage? 5. Andre describes a Scottish mathematician who would attempt to “break the habits of living” through a series of exercises, such as doing things with his left hand rather than his right. This would force him to learn things. What are the benefits and disbenefits of breaking such habits of living? 6. The electric blanket: Wally finds it to be an important creature comfort, but Andre believes that it separates us from reality; that is, like a lobotomy, comfort can lull us into a dangerous tranquility. Who’s right? 7. Andre discusses Martin Buber’s book “On Hadism” which describes the Hasidic view that there are spirits chained in everything, and prayer is the act of liberating them. Each moment of our lives, then, should be a kind of prayerful sacrament. Wally, by contrast, states that he has to block out large sections of the real world – such as people starving in Africa – in order to be happy. Who’s right? 8. Wally believes that serious plays about human alienation may make people aware of reality. Andre believes that such serious plays do more harm than good by only reinforcing the views of alienation that people already have. Theatre, he believes, should be eye-opening, like some of his experiences with the Theatre group in Poland. What’s the purpose of theatre? 10. Wally asks whether we need an extraordinary experience such as a trip to Mount Everest in order to perceive reality. Is there any kind of literature or theatre that can do this without taking a dramatic trip? 11. Wally states near the end of the film that in the normal world of jobs, bills, and other responsibilities, there’s no need for the awareness-outposts that Andre describes. Happiness can be achieved within our routine. Is Wally correct, or is he just a content robot? 12. Wally attempts to debunk Andre’s various supernatural experiences in favor of scientific explanations. Andre asks what’s the difference if all facts are meaningless. Wally responds, “The meaningless fact of the fortune cookie or the turtles egg can’t possibly have any relevance to the subject you’re analyzing. Whereas a group of meaningless facts that are collected and interpreted in a scientific way might quite possibly be relevant, because the wonderful thing about scientific theories of things is that they are based on experiments that can be repeated.” Is Wally correct in his rejection of the supernatural? 13. Andre states that science has been held up as a magical force that will solve everything, when in fact it has destroyed everything, thus making it necessary to create awareness outposts. To what extent might science be responsible for the modern alienation that Andre describes? 14. Wally states his fundamental objection to Andre’s strange adventures: Andre and those he was with attempted to strip purpose away from all activity in an attempt to experience pure being. But, according to Wally, it is our nature to do things with purpose. Andre responds that we can do all sorts of things but still be completely dead inside. Can these two views be reconciled? REVIEWS My Dinner with Andre strikes me as a film which many wish to have seen, but few wish to see. Though I understand full well that, like philosophy itself, the film is meant for "selective audiences," and though I love philosophy, I simply could not bring myself to become engaged in the film. It is, to be blunt, about 30 minutes of interesting dialogue packed into a 110-minute film. Most of the film consists of Andre's blabbering forth syrupy pop-spirituality, which is meant to be legitimized somehow by his connection to the theatre community. Though Andre occasionally makes a good point, he consistently does so in the same annoying, patronizing manner, in which he treats Wally – who for most of the film plays the part of the audience – as though he were some poor simpleton who has never had the privilege of Andre's hippie-dippy enlightenment camps. By the third act, Wally finally begins to speak up and offers some criticisms of Andre's views; though I understand the purpose of the mounting tension released at this point, Wally simply did not offer enough bite in his replies to be satisfactory. In particular, I was most bothered by Andre's repeated (usually implied) insistence that his whacky adventures are necessary to get in touch with reality. As the film uses Wally as the audience's on-screen counterpart, I was thoroughly disappointed when he did not slap Andre in the face and inform him that all he has accomplished is getting in touch with whacky adventures, and thus has set himself up for precisely the same sort of alienation which he so thoroughly laments. -- Frezno Smooth I would not recommend this movie, unless the philosophical issues of finding a persons purpose in life was worth watching a hour and half two guy chatting. The movie made some nice and interesting points. However, the movie was too long, a little boring, and the meaning of the movie was hard to pinpoint. Watching one person chat for 45 minutes in a motion picture is not my impression of entertaining. The philosophical issues of knowing ones purpose in life was interesting; however, the movie could have been shortened to half an hour, no more. The meaning of life and the pursuit of what it means to you is a worthy philosophical issue for a movie, and the way that Andre wanted to find his true self in the world was a rightful challenge. However, Andre picked an expensive restaurant, and the way he acted towards the waiter shows the true nature of a rich person not an individual. -- Ubermensch This went on a little long. A lot of interesting concepts were touched on, and largely the movie served as a comparison between two lifestyles. Andre is an eccentric and a traveler, and Wallace is more of a settled type. Andre believes and argues that life should be lived in a spontaneous fashion, and that comforts that make one too sedentary should be discarded. Wallace seems to mostly be a background character throughout the film, asking questions to prompt Andre, and responding to his largely rhetorical questions. Now, don’t get me wrong, I’m not going to say the dialogue was boring. It wasn’t. There were numerous wonderful little tidbits of thought and ideas ripe for exploration. Andre Gregory seems like a terribly interesting guy. The problem here is one of choosing an appropriate medium. Visual mediums like painting, theater, and cinema, are best used when something is worth looking at. This production could have benefited enormously if, before anyone started wasting film or location scouting budgets, Andre Gregory would have said to himself, “Ya know what? Screw a movie, I’m just gonna write this stuff down. Maybe an essay or a short story.” As a text, I wouldn’t have been able to put this down. As a film, I had to continuously rock myself back and fourth in the little booth in the media center to keep my attention on the screen. I do not have ADD, but this film made me feel like it. The fact that they even credited someone as directing it stuck me as pretty bizarre. -- Reviewer from Hell

Marianna Csörnyei Marianna Csörnyei (born October 8, 1975 in Budapest) is a Hungarian mathematician who works as a professor at the University of Chicago. She does research in real analysis, geometric measure theory, and geometric nonlinear functional analysis. She proved the equivalence of the zero measure notions of infinite dimensional Banach spaces. Education and career Csörnyei received her doctorate from Eötvös Loránd University in 1999, supervised by György Petruska. She was a professor at the Mathematics Department of University College London between 1999–2011, and spent the 2009–2010 academic year at Yale University as visiting professor. Currently, she is at the University of Chicago. She is contributing editor of the mathematical journal Real Analysis Exchange. Awards and honors Csörnyei won a 2002 Whitehead Prize and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award that same year. She was also awarded the Philip Leverhulme Prize for Mathematics and Statistics in 2008 for her work in geometric measure theory. She was an invited sectional speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians, in 2010. External links Csörnyei's faculty page at the University of Chicago References Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:21st-century Hungarian mathematicians Category:Mathematical analysts Category:Academics of University College London Category:Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award holders Category:Whitehead Prize winners Category:21st-century women mathematicians

Light regulation of plant gene expression by an upstream enhancer-like element. Light regulates many varied physiological and developmental phenomena during plant growth and differentiation, including the formation of a photosynthetically competent chloroplast from a proplastid. The expression of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcS) genes is regulated by light in a development- and tissue-specific manner2,3. In some plant species, phytochrome has been demonstrated to mediate this response, and photoregulation of rbcS expression occurs at least in part at the level of transcription. We have shown previously that a 5'-noncoding fragment (4-973 base pairs (bp) upstream of the messenger RNA cap site) of the pea rbcS ss3.6 gene contains all of the nucleotide sequence information necessary to direct the photoregulated expression of a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene in tobacco. Consistent with these findings, Morelli et al.11 have shown by deletion analysis of a second rbcS gene promoter, that the sequences required for photoregulated expression of rbcS E9 reside within the 5'-noncoding region. They identified an upstream region of approximately 700 bp needed for maximum transcription but not light-dark regulation, and a region from -35 to -2 bp which included the TATA box and contained the necessary information for light responsiveness. We now demonstrate that regulatory sequences 5' distal to the rbcS ss3.6 TATA box and transcriptional start site not only contain the information necessary for maximum expression, but also confer photoregulation. These upstream regulatory sequences function independently of orientation when fused to their homologous promoter or a heterologous promoter.

Marie C. Couvent Elementary School Marie C. Couvent Elementary was a historic elementary school in New Orleans, Louisiana named for Marie Couvent, an African American former slave who married successful African American businessman Bernard Couvent and deeded property for a school for orphans in her community (Institute Catholique). The school was built in 1940 in Faubourg Marigny and originally named Marigny Elementary School. It was renamed for Marie Couvent and renamed again in 1997 to A. P. Tureaud Elementary School because the Couvents had slaves. History In 1989 Sun Ra performed in front of the school. In the 1990s a campaign was launched to rename city public schools that venerated slaveholders. Since Couvent and her husband owned slaves, and the school changed its name in 1997 to A. P. Tureaud Elementary School for A.P. Tureaud. Manumission may have been illegal during the era they lived so their options to free people may have been limited. The school closed in 2013. References Category:Public elementary schools in Louisiana Category:Defunct elementary schools in New Orleans Category:1940 establishments in Louisiana

/* eslint-disable eslint-comments/disable-enable-pair */ /* eslint-disable import/no-mutable-exports */ let CURRENT = 'NULL'; /** * use authority or getAuthority * @param {string|()=>String} currentAuthority */ const renderAuthorize = Authorized => currentAuthority => { if (currentAuthority) { if (typeof currentAuthority === 'function') { CURRENT = currentAuthority(); } if ( Object.prototype.toString.call(currentAuthority) === '[object String]' || Array.isArray(currentAuthority) ) { CURRENT = currentAuthority; } } else { CURRENT = 'NULL'; } return Authorized; }; export { CURRENT }; export default Authorized => renderAuthorize(Authorized);

The Samsung GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus has been officially announced, which brings yet another Honeycomb-flavored tablet to the scene. What we are dealing with is a device meant to be a successor to the original 7-inch GALAXY Tab, which debuted about a year ago, and standing a tad below the recently unveiled Samsung GALAXY Tab 7.7 in terms of specs. Just like the very first GALAXY Tab, the 7.0 Plus sports a 7-inch touchscreen display with 1024 by 600 pixels of resolution. This time, however, the display is of the PLS type, which should translate into superior viewing angles and a 10% boost in brightness when compared to IPS LCDs. The Samsung GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus is also lighter and slimmer than its predecessor tipping the scales at 12.16 ounces (345 grams) and boasting a waistline of 0.39 inches (9.96 millimeters). What provides the GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus with processing power is a 1.2GHz dual-core chip accompanied by a gig of RAM. That should be enough processing punch to allow for 1080p HD video to play back smoothly. The tablet is also equipped with a 2-megapixel front-facing camera for video chats and a 3-megapixel main one capable of recording 720p footage. In terms of software, the Samsung GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus will come with Android 3.2 Honeycomb out of the box. Of course, Samsung's very own TouchWiz interface will be installed on top of it along with a bunch of handy apps provided by the company, namely Social Hub, Readers Hub, and Music Hub. Last but not least, the tablet will be equipped with a 21Mbps HSPA+ radio meaning that you will be able to stay connected to the web even when on the move. Although folks in Indonesia and Austria will be the first ones to get a taste of the Samsung GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus, which will happen by the end of October, the tablet is expected to become available in the US eventually. It will also be sold across Europe, Latin America, Southeast and Southwest Asia, CIS, Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, Japan and China. source: Samsung UPDATE: Our eagle-eyed readers have pointed out that the Samsung GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus has a dialer icon on its home screen, which is a clear indication that it will be able to make phone calls like the old-school GALAXY Tab could. There also appears to be an earpiece above its display. “Samsung pioneered the seven-inch tablet market with the launch of the GALAXY Tab, marking an innovation milestone in the mobile industry. Building on the success of the GALAXY Tab, we’re now delighted to introduce the GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus reloaded with enhanced portability, productivity and a richer multimedia experience” said JK Shin, President and Head of Samsung’s Mobile Communications Business. He added “GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus is for those who want to stay productive and in touch with work, friends and content anytime, anywhere.” Enhanced Portability With 7-inch display, GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus provides enhanced portability, weighing just 345g and measuring at just 9.96mm thin. Enhanced portability ensures that it fits easily into an inside-jacket pocket or a handbag, making it an ideal device for those who need to stay productive and entertained while on-the-move. Advanced Productivity GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus delivers a smooth and intuitive user experience with powerful performance powered by 1.2GHz dual core processor. Mini Apps allows seamless multitasking by consolidating 7 applications easily accessed from a bottom-side tray on main screen. Users can launch favorite features such as music player or calendar as pop-ups over full screen applications. Not only that, users can design an individualized up-to-the-minute interface through Live Panel. Web browsing is also enhanced by Adobe Flash and super-fast HSPA+ connectivity, providing download speeds up to three times faster than a conventional HSPA connection. On top of that Wi-Fi Channel Bonding bonds two channels into one for improved network connection and data transfer at up to twice the speed. Furthermore, the GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus offers voice and video call support, with no need for a headset. Users can see friends and family from anywhere in the world in high quality thanks to the device’s larger screen. Rich Multimedia on-the-move Full HD videos can be enjoyed on the 7-inch WSVGA PLS display, with DivX & multi codec support ensuring the device is capable of supporting a variety of different formats. An improved virtual clipboard, which stores text and images enabling easy copy and paste, further adds to these capabilities. Additionally, the GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus features Social Hub, Readers Hub and Music Hub services. Social Hub aggregates the user’s contacts, calendar and email along with instant messaging and social networking connections all within one easy-to-use interface. Readers Hub provides e-reading content such as e-books, newspapers and magazines. Music Hub enables access to over 13 million songs even when out and about. GALAXY Tab 7.0 Plus will be available starting in Indonesia and Austria from end-October and gradually rolled out globally including Southeast and Southwest Asia, US, Europe, CIS, Latin America, Middle East, Africa, Japan and China. 5.liat2ajah (unregistered) Wow, so Samsung will sell one of their first batch production of Galaxy Plus 7" in Indonesia? Hopefully trouble free hardware and software wise. If the release date is true as posted by PhoneArena, then we have two tablet launch in Indonesia. Samsung Indonesia already put an advertisement for launching aka first sale for Galaxy 8.9" in Jakarta, Indonesia tomorrow (Oct 1st) All content (phone reviews, news, specs, info), design and layouts are Copyright 2001-2015 phoneArena.com. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part or in any form or medium without written permission is prohibited! Privacy . Terms of use . Cookies . Team

Q: You don't need to take an algebraic closure twice in model theory This is an exercise (1.4.11) from Marker. Fix a language $\mathcal L$ and $\mathcal L$-structure $\mathcal M$. For a subset $A \subseteq M$, an element of $M$ is algebraic over $A$ if it is a member of a finite $A$-definable subset of $M$. Let $\bar A$ denote the set of algebraic elements over $A$. We would like to show that $\bar {\bar A} = \bar A$. Here's a failed attempt to solve the problem. Let a formula $\psi(x, b)$ defines a finite set with a parameter $b$ from $\bar A$ and $\phi (y, a)$ defines a finite set with a parameter $a$ from $A$ (for simplicity we assume the number of parameters is one). Then, naively, the formula $\exists z (\psi(x, z) \wedge \phi(z, a))$ will do the job. However, this formula is not known to define a finite set a priori. I'd be grateful if you could help me in this problem. A: Let $b\in\textrm{acl}\big(\textrm{acl}(A)\big)$. Then there is an $a\in\textrm{acl}(A)$ and formula $\psi(x,y)\in L(A)$ such that $\exists^n x\,\psi(x,a)\wedge\psi(b,a)$ for some $n$ As $a\in\textrm{acl}(A)$, there is a formula $\varphi(y)\in L(A)$ such that $\exists^m y\,\varphi(y)\wedge\varphi(a)$ for some $m$. The following is a formula over $A$ that has at most $n\cdot m$ solutions and among these $b$: $$\exists y \Big[\psi(x,y)\wedge\varphi(y)\wedge\exists^n x\,\psi(x,y)\Big]$$

HARLEM, Manhattan (WABC) -- A popular pediatrician in Harlem is trying to spread the word to his patients to take precautions against the Zika Virus, especially while travelling."Big danger to young woman, it can cause harm to pregnancy," said Dr. Juan Tapia-Mendoza, a pediatrician.Many of his patients will be travelling back to the Dominican Republic for the summer, which is why he is spreading the word on the Zika Virus."No treatment, no vaccine, the best weapon is education for people travelling," Dr. Tapia-Mendoza said."I'm really freaked out. I'm going to be careful when I go to the Dominican Republic now," said Daralid Almont, 17 years old.Almont is going to the Dominican Republic next month and says she is grateful for her doctor's care.The doctor explains how the symptoms are mild and easy to miss but the consequences to pregnant women are severe. Babies can be born with very small heads and lifelong disabilities.He is also very clear about how it's spread: either through mosquito bites or unprotected sex. Infected males and pass the virus to their female partner."If you must travel, use repellent. If sexually active, use barrier method protection," Dr. Tapia Mendoza said.In New York City alone, the Health Department reports there are 109 cases of Zika Virus so far, 17 of them women who are pregnant. All of them were infected while travelling abroad."This worries me a lot, especially for my community. Every day you learn something new and I am very worried," said Ramona Ramos, a mother.Ramos is travelling there next month. To add to her concerns, these particular mosquitoes don't just bite at night; they attack during the day as well.While the doctor can't stop his patients from visiting family, he can teach them about how Zika is spread and how best to avoid getting sick.

Relax With Confidence (4) Take a deep breath and breathe easy knowing that we are doing everything in our power to free your friend or relative from jail. We will inform you as soon as the arrangement has been completed. If you have any further questions during this time, contact us or feel free to call us at (706) 549-7777

Image copyright Alamy The UK's chemicals industry could be particularly hard hit by leaving the EU customs union, according to Whitehall's own analysis. The paper, published by the Exiting the EU committee, points out the sector is "highly reliant" on EU supply chains. New customs declarations would lead to "significant non-tariff barriers" to trade, it says. The UK government wants to come out of the customs union after Brexit, so the UK can strike its own trade deals. The document, EU Exit Analysis - Cross Whitehall Briefing, has been published after being leaked to news website Buzzfeed in January. 'Foundation industry' It looked at scenarios ranging from leaving with no deal to remaining within the EU single market, after the UK leaves the EU on 29 March 2019. But it emphasises the difficulties in providing a definitive analysis, as the deal the prime minister wants to strike with the EU is not an "off the shelf" free trade agreement, so there are no precedents to work on. The UK's chemicals industry is its second largest exporter to the EU after the automotive industry and the second biggest manufacturing industry overall. The analysis points out that it is "an important foundation industry for other sectors" - for example, the manufacture of medicines - as well as being used by the technology, energy, automotive and aerospace sectors among others. 'Highly reliant' But the report says that all manufactured goods face the prospect of "significant non-tariff barriers" - obstacles to trade - if, as expected, the UK leaves the customs union. The chemical industry is "highly reliant on EU supply chains" it says, and chemicals and components can cross borders several times during processing and assembly. The Whitehall analysis also suggests that, after Brexit, chemicals manufacturers could end up having to transfer more than 9,000 registrations to the EU in order to keep selling those chemical products there. Image copyright EPA Image caption Mrs May said she wants to explore the possibility of the UK remaining part of the European Chemicals Agency New chemicals could end up having to be registered twice - in the UK and EU - with a big additional cost as standard registration fees vary from 1,700 euros (about £1,500) to 34,000 euros (about £30,300). Open Britain, which is campaigning for close ties with the EU after Brexit said the report showed leaving the customs union and single market would be "a disaster for Britain's chemicals industry". Labour MP Mary Creagh, who backs the group, said: "Tariffs would be a burden, but it is non-tariff barriers that threaten to do the most damage. "If [Brexit Secretary] David Davis signs up to any deal that imposes regulatory customs barriers on British chemical industry he will be putting 500,000 direct and indirect jobs in jeopardy along with billions of pounds of investment." 'Appropriate contribution' Steve Elliott, chief executive of the Chemical Industries Association, said on Thursday: "What we now need is the negotiators to get on with negotiating. Only when that progresses will we know what's really going to happen." In her Mansion House speech last week, Theresa May said the UK wanted to explore "the terms on which the UK could remain part of EU agencies such as those that are critical for the chemicals, medicines and aerospace industries". These included the European Chemicals Agency (Echa) regulatory authority, with the prime minister saying the UK would accept "abiding by the rules of those agencies and making an appropriate financial contribution" in return for products which are destined for export only needing to get one set of approvals, in one country. The Chemical Industries Association welcomed Mrs May's announcement last week but reiterated its demand for "regulatory consistency" when Brexit happens. It also wants UK officials to continue to be involved with Reach - the EU chemical regulations framework - to avoid "duplicate testing and related costs" and protect 10 years of investment in Reach by UK chemical industries. Reach requires all companies manufacturing or importing chemical substances into the EU over a certain quantity to register these substances with Echa.

Celebrities are known for star power but they’re often admired for their generosity to charity’s and non profits. This infographic takes a look at the celebrities that donated money for education and exactly what and how much they donated. Source

Honduras's Azcona: proud, conservative, and maybe surprising Tegucigalpa, Honduras — The man who almost certainly will be the next president of Honduras looks like the portrait of a 19th-century Central American statesman come to life. Tall, haughty, with a full head of straight, white hair brushed back from a wide expanse of forehead, Jos'e Azcona Hoyo, seems nothing if not presidential. A reputation for scrupulous financial integrity and a traditionally conservative ideology combined with an equally traditional concern for the poor, complete the idealized picture of a Latin founding father. And yet, surprisingly, this man aroused some apprehension before the elections among right-wing groups in the oligarchy, Army, and United States government. Mr. Azcona was distrusted in part because of his well-known pride, which his enemies call arrogance, and inflexibility, which many analysts here believe could make him a less reliable executor of US policies than the outgoing Honduran administration. Azcona will be weakened in carrying out his programs, because he received only 30 percent of the popular vote and a minority of seats in the National Assembly. His main opponent, Liberal Party candidate Rafael Leonardo Callejas, won 40 percent of the vote. The electoral system provides that the leading candidate of the party with the most votes wins. Azcona's victory will probably be challenged in court by opposition leaders. Outgoing President Roberto Suazo C'ordova has been widely perceived here as complying completely with US wishes to turn Honduras into a base from which US-backed Nicaraguan rebels, known as ``contras,'' launch attacks on neighboring Nicaragua's leftist Sandinista government. There is a strong US military presence in Honduras. The US has held military maneuvers here and has a large number of US troops in Palmerola. Ultraconservatives distrust the group of advisers around Azcona, a group that covers a surprisingly broad gamut, ranging from traditional Liberal Party politicians to bankers who consider themselves socially progressive, to former Marxists rapidly moving to the right. Extensive interviews with several of Azcona's top advisers make it clear that many important groups around the Honduran leader favor policies that the US opposes. But, given Honduras's extreme economic and military dependence on the US and the mixed nature of the group around Azcona, the big question is: To what extent will these controversial policies prevail? The policies are based on: The withdrawal of the contras from Honduras. The strong opposition to the fiscal policy of devaluing the Honduran currency, the lempira. The policy is advocated by the US and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for third world countries struggling to pay back large foreign debts. Several sources close to Azcona say neither the future president, who assumes office in January, nor most of his advisers are happy with the presence of the contras in Honduras. They feel uncomfortable with a foreign military presence that may grow to be as large as the Honduran armed services, which has roughly 22,000 troops. They also fear that the US might eventually back away from an unsuccessful contra policy, leaving Honduras stuck with the armed Nicaraguan exiles in its territory. The problem, says a key Azcona adviser, is: ``How do we get rid of the contras without getting rid of US aid?'' Although the US shows no signs of budging from its insistence that Honduras serve as a contra base, some Liberal Party sources speculate that in a year or so, after finding that the contras are no closer to overthrowing the Sandinistas than they are now, the US might be willing to strike a deal. Such a deal, say these sources, might be the possible establishment of an official US naval base in the Honduran port town of Puerto Castilla, in exchange for the withdrawal of the contras. Other Liberal Party M DBRleaders believe that it is unrealistic to expect such a deal. The chances that Azcona's economic policy will be somewhat independent of US dictates are greater than those of the outgoing administration. Washington and the IMF argue that devaluation makes a country's goods cheaper and thus easier to sell abroad. But in a country that has little to export except bananas, devaluation is no panacea, say Honduran opponents of devaluation. Instead, devaluation leads to an endless round of inflation and further devaluation, says Azcona adviser Jaime Rosenthal. Mr. Rosenthal is a leader of the Alipo faction. He says devaluation is inflationary, because much of the basic foodstuffs and mass industrial goods consumed in Honduras are imported. When their prices go up, wages must rise. Fears of further devaluation cause investors to keep their money in dollars and send it out of the country. The more liberal Alipo faction is expected to have a strong voice in Azcona's economic policies, as Alipo leader Jorge Bue-sos Arias will be Treasury Minister. Those around Azcona want Hon-duras's foreign debt to be renegotiated with better terms of repayment and lower interest rates. The problem can be solved eventually, within the context of Latin American solidarity, they say. Two other key politicians outside Alipo are close to Azcona. Jorge Madariaga, a young lawyer whose policies are slightly to the left of Alipo, and Carlos Montoya, a former Marxist who has become considerably more conservative. Political observers here see a potential power struggle developing between the two men. Most analysts here say that, apart from some leftovers from the Liberal Party old guard, Azcona and his advisers will be more honest and efficient than the outgoing administration. Azcona's group wants mass employment policies and to bring the stalled land-reform program back to life. Many analysts here doubt that the group will be able to carry out the kind of massive social change necessary to lift most Hondurans out of poverty. ``I don't think Azcona can make a big difference, because I don't think he can make deep structural changes here. Unfortunately, I believe that the groups behind the status quo, around him, in the Liberal Party, in the Army, and in the oligarchy will prevail,'' a foreigner working here in development projects says. In an article on Honduras in Monday's Monitor, Rafael Leonardo Callejas was incorrectly identified as the presidential candidate of the Liberal Party. He was the National Party candidate.

PRECEDENTIAL UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT _____________ No. 16-1461 _____________ JOSE FRANCISCO TINEO AKA Luis Alberto Padilla, AKA Jose Sanchez, Petitioner v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Respondent ______________ On Petition for Review of a Decision of the United States Department of Justice Board of Immigration Appeals (A040-015-082) Immigration Judge: Walter A. Durling ______________ Argued January 19, 2018 ______________ Before: SMITH, Chief Judge, GREENAWAY, JR., and KRAUSE, Circuit Judges. (Opinion Filed: September 4, 2019)  ______________ OPINION ______________ Charles N. Curcio [ARGUED] Curcio Law Firm 3547 Alpine Avenue NW Suite 104 Grand Rapids, MI 49544 Attorney for Petitioner Stefanie N. Hennes [ARGUED] United States Department of Justice Office of Immigration Litigation P.O. Box 878 Ben Franklin Station Washington, DC 20044 Attorney for Respondent GREENAWAY, JR., Circuit Judge. In plain terms, we are called to decide whether precluding a father from ever having his born-out-of-wedlock child derive citizenship through him can be squared with the equal-protection mandate of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. In not so plain terms, under the now repealed 8 U.S.C. § 1432(a)(2), a “child” born outside of the United States to noncitizen parents became a citizen upon the naturalization of 2 her surviving parent if one of her parents was deceased.1 Section 1101(c)(1) in turn defined “child” as including a child born out of wedlock only in so far as the child was legitimated under the “law of the child’s residence or domicile” or “the law of the father’s residence or domicile . . . except as otherwise provided in . . .” § 1432. 8 U.S.C. § 1101(c)(1). Section 1432(a)(3) rounded out the triumvirate and exempted mothers of born-out-of-wedlock children from the legitimation requirement by expressly adding that “the naturalization of the mother” was sufficient “if the child was born out of wedlock and the paternity of the child has not been established by legitimation . . . .” See § 1432(a)(3). As a result, §§ 1101(c)(1), 1432(a)(2) and (a)(3) treated women and men differently: a naturalized mother could transmit her citizenship to her out-of-wedlock child, regardless of whether the father was alive; whereas a naturalized father in the same position had the additional requirement of having to legitimate the child in order to transmit his citizenship. Our present concern is not with this differential treatment, however. That affirmative steps to verify paternity, including legitimation, may be taken if a citizen parent is an unwed father has withstood constitutional scrutiny in the past, on the basis that the relation between a mother and a child “is verifiable from the birth itself,” and likewise “the opportunity 1 That is, provided that (1) the naturalization takes place while the child is under eighteen years old, and (2) (a) the child is residing in the United States as a lawful permanent resident when the parent naturalizes or (b) thereafter begins to reside permanently while under the age of eighteen. 8 U.S.C. § 1432(a)(4) & (5). 3 for the development of a relationship between citizen parent and child . . . .” Nguyen v. INS., 533 U.S. 53, 62, 65 (2001); see also Trimble v. Gordon, 430 U.S. 762, 771 (1977) (“The more serious problems of proving paternity might justify a more demanding standard for illegitimate children claiming under their fathers’ estates than that required for [those] claiming under their mothers’ estates . . . .” (emphasis added)). Rather, like in Trimble, the present concern is with a father being forever precluded from having his out-of-wedlock child derive through him. This problem only arises where the child’s mother is deceased, and the only avenue for legitimation under the relevant law is through the marriage of the parents. In that instance, naturalized fathers cannot transmit their citizenship to their out-of-wedlock children as a result of the interplay between §§ 1101(c) and 1432(a)(2), whereas naturalized mothers can via at least § 1432 (a)(3). Such is the case with the petition before us. Petitioner Jose Francisco Tineo was born in the Dominican Republic to unwed noncitizen parents who never married. His father moved to the United States and naturalized. His noncitizen mother soon after passed away. At the time, under the law of either his or his father’s residence or domicile—the Dominican Republic and New York—legitimation could only occur if his birth parents married. So Tineo’s father was forever precluded from having his son derive citizenship through him, despite being a citizen and having cared for his son until the child was 21 years old. On the cusp of being removed from the United States as a noncitizen, Tineo brings this Fifth Amendment challenge to the relevant provisions on behalf of his now deceased naturalized father. We hold that, in this circumstance, the interplay of §§ 1101(c)(1), 1432(a)(2) and (a)(3) cannot be squared with the equal-protection mandate of 4 the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. We will therefore grant Tineo’s petition. I. Background A. Arrival in the United States Tineo was born in the Dominican Republic on January 16, 1969. His parents, both citizens of the Dominican Republic, never married. His father, Felipe Tineo, moved to the United States and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1981. Two years later, his father married a legal permanent resident. Tineo came to live with his father once his birth mother died in 1984. He was admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent resident on June 15, 1985, pursuant to an alien relative petition filed by his stepmother. He was 15 years old at the time and lived with his father until he turned 21 in 1990. B. Removal Proceedings Felipe Tineo died an American in 2006. The question of his son’s citizenship has come up on two occasions: once before his death and once after. Both were in the context of removal proceedings. This is in part because only noncitizens may be removed. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(a)(1); see also Ng Fung Ho v. White, 259 U.S. 276, 284 (1922) (“Jurisdiction in the executive to order [removal] exists only if the person . . . is a [noncitizen]. An assertion of U.S. citizenship is thus a denial of an essential jurisdictional fact in a [removal] proceeding.” (internal quotation marks omitted)) (quoted in Minasyan v. Gonzales, 401 F.3d 1069, 1075 (9th Cir. 2005)); Gonzalez- Alarcon v. Macias, 884 F.3d 1266, 1272 (10th Cir. 2018) 5 (noting that citizenship constitutes the denial of an essential jurisdictional fact in a removal proceeding because only noncitizens are removable). As a consequence, immigration judges terminate removal proceedings where the government cannot demonstrate that a petitioner is a removable noncitizen. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(3)(A); 8 C.F.R. § 240.8(a); see also Dessouki v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 915 F.3d 964, 966 (3d Cir. 2019) (“[T]he government failed to prove that Dessouki was [a noncitizen]. So an immigration judge terminated his removal proceedings.”). 1. The first proceeding occurred when Tineo was convicted for the sale of a controlled substance in New York state court on October 19, 1993. He was issued a Notice to Appear (“NTA”) dated April 20, 2000 and placed in removal proceedings based on that conviction. The proceeding was terminated on November 28, 2001, however, because, as proof of his citizenship, Tineo produced a United States passport that was issued to him in 2001.2 2 Some confusion exists in the record as to the status of this passport. While the NTA charges that Tineo obtained this passport by using fraudulent documents, there is no evidence to support this claim. The passport application indicates that the only documents attached as exhibits were Tineo’s birth certificate, his mother’s death certificate, his father’s naturalization certificate, and a “memo of law,” which is not in the record before us. A.R. 302. In addition, Tineo clearly disagreed with the IJ when the IJ stated that he had “falsely represented that [he] was a [U.S.] 6  2. The second occasion arose pursuant to an NTA issued on October 14, 2014. The NTA charged several bases for Tineo’s removal, stemming from three events.3 First, Tineo was convicted on July 8, 2002, of the sale of a controlled substance in New York state court, thus making him inadmissible pursuant to 8 U.S.C. §§ 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(II) and (a)(2)(C). citizen to gain entry to this country.” A.R. 111. Thus, we cannot find support for the IJ’s statement that Tineo admitted to obtaining this passport using fraudulent documents. While not germane to our ultimate decision, we nonetheless wish to note the lack of any evidence in the record of fraud in connection with Tineo’s original passport application. As far as we can discern, the issuance of this passport in 2001 did not occur because of any fraudulent misrepresentations made by Tineo. 3 Since, according to the government, Tineo was not admitted in 2008 when he returned to the United States from a trip abroad, the statutes cited in the NTA involve grounds for inadmissibility. Because the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 eliminated separate exclusion and deportation proceedings, creating instead a single removal proceeding, Austin T. Fragomen, et al., Fragomen on Immigration Fundamentals: A Guide to Law and Practice § 1:3.3[D] (PLI) (5th ed. 2019), this technicality does not impact our analysis. 7  Second, on January 15, 2008, upon returning to the United States after a trip abroad, Tineo presented the passport issued to him in 2001. The NTA charged that “[i]n doing so, [he] falsely represented [him]self to be a [U.S.] Citizen . . . to gain entry into the United States,” thus violating § 1182(a)(6)(C)(i) and (ii). A.R. 890. The NTA also charged Tineo as being an alien present in the United States without being admitted or paroled, in violation of § 1182(a)(6)(A)(i). This violation was based on the fact that, because Tineo used a United States passport to enter the country and “U.S. Citizens are not inspected, [Tineo] entered without being admitted or paroled after inspection by an Immigration Officer.” A.R. 377. The third event providing a basis for Tineo’s removal was his conviction in 2014 of passport fraud and aggravated identity theft in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. This conviction arose when, after his passport expired, Tineo attempted to obtain a new passport using the name Luis Padilla. Tineo presented several identification documents in the name Luis Padilla in support of his passport application. Based on this conviction, the NTA charged Tineo as inadmissible, pursuant to § 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(I). C. Challenges to Removal Appearing pro se before the immigration judge, Tineo admitted to his criminal convictions, but challenged his removability on the grounds that (1) he derived citizenship through his father and (2) this was evinced by his legally obtained first passport.4 4 Tineo also sought relief pursuant to the Convention Against Torture but did not raise that claim in his opening brief 8  1. His derivative citizenship claim was based on former 8 U.S.C. § 1432(a),5 which provides that: A child born outside of the United States of alien parents, or of an alien parent and a citizen parent who has subsequently lost citizenship of the United States, becomes a citizen of the United States upon fulfillment of the following conditions: before this Court. It is therefore waived. See United States v. Pelullo, 399 F.3d 197, 222 (3d Cir. 2005) (“It is well settled that an appellant’s failure to identify or argue an issue in his opening brief constitutes waiver of that issue on appeal.”) (citations omitted). 5 As we have noted, Congress repealed section 1432(a) by enacting the Child Citizenship Act of 2000 [(“CCA”)], § 103, [8 U.S.C. §§ 1431–33 (2001)]. The [CCA] became effective on February 27, 2001, 120 days following its enactment. Because all relevant events respecting [Petitioner]’s claimed derivative citizenship occurred prior to the [CCA]’s effective date, [§] 1432(a) controls our analysis. Brandao v. Att’y. Gen. of U.S., 654 F.3d 427, 428 n.1 (3d Cir. 2011). 9  (1) The naturalization of both parents; or (2) The naturalization of the surviving parent if one of the parents is deceased;[6] or (3) The naturalization of the parent having legal custody of the child when there has been a legal separation of the parents or the naturalization of the mother if the child was born out of wedlock and the paternity of the child has not been established by legitimation; and if (4) Such naturalization takes place while such child is under the age of eighteen years; and (5) Such child is residing in the United States pursuant to a lawful admission for permanent residence at the time of the naturalization of the parent last naturalized under clause (1) of this subsection, or the parent naturalized under clause (2) or (3) of this subsection, or thereafter begins 6 Read literally, § 1432(a)(2) appears to require that first one parent has to die and then the second parent has to naturalize. But the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (“USCIS”) has determined that the order of events does not matter, so long as all events occur before the child’s eighteenth birthday. Matter of Baires-Larios, 24 I. & N. Dec. 467, 470 (BIA 2008) (quoting Adjudicator’s Field Manual, ch. 71, § 71.1(d)(2), U.S. CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES, (Feb. 2008), http://www.uscis.gov/propub/DocView/afmid/1/172). The parties do not question this practice. 10  to reside permanently in the United States while under the age of eighteen years. 8 U.S.C. § 1432(a) (repealed by Pub. L. No. 106-395, Title I, § 103(a), Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1632) (emphasis added). The statute defines “child” as meaning: an unmarried person under twenty-one years of age and includes a child legitimated under the law of the child’s residence or domicile, or under the law of the father’s residence or domicile, whether in the United States or elsewhere . . . . § 1101(c)(1) (emphasis added).7 7 The definition continues to also include a child adopted in the United States if, as to both adopted and legitimated children and except as otherwise provided in sections 1431 and 1432 of the title: such legitimation or adoption takes place before the child reaches the age of 16 years (except to the extent that the child is described in subparagraph (E)(ii) or (F)(ii) of subsection (b)(1)), and the child is in the legal custody of the legitimating or adopting parent or parents at the time of such legitimation or adoption. § 1101(c)(1). 11  The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (“USCIS”) interpreted the language beginning with “and includes” as restricting the meaning of child to exclude children born out of wedlock who were not legitimated, regardless of whether they were unmarried and under the age of 21. When Tineo filed an application for a certificate of citizenship—also known as a Form N-600—in 2007, USCIS denied his application because he was “a child born out of wedlock” and “had not been legitimated by his [U.S.] citizen father . . . .” App 4. In denying Tineo’s derivative citizenship claim, the Immigration Judge (IJ) stated that “[t]he CIS denial letter [regarding the N-600 application] . . . correctly noted the law.” App. 10. That is, “children born out of wedlock who have not been legitimated are not included in the definition of ‘child’ under the INA.” App. 10.8 8 As Tineo points out, this reading is counterintuitive and counter-textual, for it requires a tortured construction of the phrase “and includes.” It also implies that a child born out of wedlock that is seeking to derive citizenship through her mother must also be legitimated under the law of her own residence or domicile or that of her father. This implication came to bear when Congress passed the CCA. The CCA repealed former § 1432(a) and enacted § 1431(a) in its place. The new provision did away with § 1432(a)(3) such that it remained an open question as to whether § 1101(c)(1)’s legitimation requirement would extend to mothers. The White House Office of Legal Counsel examined the issue, labeled § 1101(c)(1) “poorly drafted,” and outlined a number of permissible interpretations that would avoid imposing a legitimation requirement on mothers. See 12  At the time Tineo was born, the only way a child could be legitimated in the Dominican Republic was through the marriage of the parents prior to the child’s sixteenth birthday. New York also required marriage of the parents in order to legitimate a child. Tineo attempted to establish that his parents, who were never legally married, had a common law marriage. He provided a letter from the Dominican Republic consulate, noting that “common-law marriage is recognized by our Supreme Court through a judgment dated October 17, 2001, in the case of a lawsuit against an insurance company due to the death of a partner.” App. 11, A.R. 943. However, there was no evidence that this decision was retroactive such that it would apply to prior unions. The IJ thus determined that Tineo’s parents did not have a common law marriage at the relevant time. The Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) affirmed the IJ’s decision. It found “no clear error in the Immigration Judge’s factual finding that the respondent has not presented evidence of legitimization . . . , such that he has not established that he was a ‘child’ for purposes of deriving citizenship through his father.” App. 6. Tineo argued that the definition of “child” “creates an unconstitutional gender-based distinction between mothers and fathers, in violation of the equal protection clause of the Constitution.” Id. But the BIA concluded that it lacked “jurisdiction to entertain such a challenge.” Id. Eligibility of Unlegitimated Children for Derivative Citizenship, 27 O.L.C. 136 (2003). 13  2. Tineo further argued that the IJ erred in not finding that he was a U.S. citizen based on the issuance of his first passport. Relying on Delmore v. Brownell, 236 F.2d 598 (3d Cir. 1956), Matter of Villanueva, 19 I. & N. Dec. 101 (BIA 1984), and Matter of Peralta, 10 I. & N. Dec. 43 (BIA 1962), Tineo’s view was “that unless it is void on its face, a valid United States passport issued to an individual as a citizen of the United States is not subject to collateral attack in administrative immigration proceedings, but constitutes conclusive proof of such person’s [U.S.] citizenship.” App. 5. The BIA rejected this argument, based on new precedent from this Court in United States v. Moreno, 727 F.3d 255 (3d Cir. 2013). In Moreno, we held that “a passport constitutes conclusive proof of citizenship only if the passport was issued to a U.S. citizen.” Id. at 257.9 D. Petition for Review and Motion to Remand Tineo filed a timely petition for review with this Court. In lieu of filing a brief, the government moved to remand to allow the BIA “to provide a more fulsome explanation as to what weight should be afforded a previously-valid, but expired passport in establishing citizenship.” Mot. to Remand 1. The case was then stayed, pending the decision in Sessions v. 9 We also note that our precedent in Delmore did not hold that a passport was conclusive proof of citizenship. Rather, we stated that “[o]nce the United States has determined that an individual is a citizen, it should be required to disprove its own determination by clear, unequivocal, and convincing evidence.” Delmore, 236 F.2d at 600 (internal quotation marks omitted). 14 Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. 1678 (2017). Upon issuance of the Supreme Court’s decision, Tineo filed a new opening brief, to which the government replied. In its brief, the government noted that it no longer believed remand was necessary since the only issues presented involved legal questions, which this Court could address without input from the BIA. In light of this admission, we deny the motion to remand. II. Jurisdiction and Standard/Scope of Review A. Jurisdiction We have jurisdiction to decide a nationality claim under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(5)(A), since “no genuine [dispute] of material fact about the petitioner’s nationality is presented.” Dessouki, 915 F.3d at 966–67 (affirming that “§ 1252(b)(5)(A) is best read as granting jurisdiction”). We also have jurisdiction to review constitutional claims under § 1252(a)(2)(D). That Tineo’s claim is premised on his father’s constitutional rights is of no moment. Typically, a party has to assert his own legal rights and cannot rely on the legal rights of third parties. Morales-Santana, 137 S.Ct. at 1689. But, as the Supreme Court articulated, we recognize an exception where, as here, the party asserting the right has a close relationship with the person who possesses the right [and] there is a hindrance to the possessor’s ability to protect his own interests. Id. (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Kowalski v. Tesmer, 543 U.S. 125, 130 (2004)). As 15 Felipe Tineo’s son, Tineo satisfies the “close relationship” requirement, while his father’s death establishes the hindrance to his father’s ability to assert this claim on his own. See id. (considering the petitioner-child as the “obvious claimant” and “best available proponent” of the equal protection rights of his deceased father whose “failure to assert a claim in his own right stem[med] from disability, not disinterest (internal quotation marks and citations omitted)); see also Breyer v. Meissner, 214 F.3d 416, 423 (3d Cir. 2000) (holding that the petitioner could assert his mother’s equal protection rights because “his own alleged deprivation of citizenship as a result of discrimination against his mother constitute[d] injury-in-fact, the closeness of his relationship to his mother [was] obvious, and his mother’s death most definitely constitute[d] a hindrance to her assertion of her own rights”). B. Standard and Scope of Review Though he asks us to employ any number of mechanisms to cure the constitutional infirmity he asserts, Tineo’s challenge remains that, in conjunction with the government’s construction of “child,” as defined in § 1101(c)(1), and the prior legitimation laws of New York and the Dominican Republic, §§ 1432(a)(2) and (a)(3) prohibited a father from transmitting his citizenship to his born-out-of- wedlock child in his care when the child’s mother was deceased, while allowing similarly situated mothers to so transmit. Appellant’s Op. Br. 48. Tineo’s is thus a challenge to a citizenship-determining “legislation that differentiate[d] on the basis of gender,” Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1690, and that did so in an allegedly unconstitutional manner in his case. 1. 16  The standard of review for such a challenge is intermediate scrutiny. That is, the legislation will only withstand constitutional scrutiny if its defender shows “at least that the challenged classification serves important governmental objectives and that the discriminatory means employed are substantially related to the achievement of those objectives.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). This is not merely because the legislation differentiates on the basis of gender. Indeed, because of Congress’s “broad power to admit or exclude [noncitizens],” statutes governing immigration benefits to noncitizens need only be supported by a rational basis, even where they differentiate on the basis of gender. See Fiallo v. Bell, 430 U.S. 787, 788–89, 792–96 (1977). Rather, it is also because, as was the case in Morales- Santana, Tineo claims that “he is” and has for some time been “a U.S. citizen.” See Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1693–94 (applying an “exacting standard of review” to “a claim of th[e same] order”); see also Dent v. Sessions, 900 F.3d 1075, 1081 (9th Cir. 2018) (overturning prior ruling that rational basis review applied even where the relevant statute governs who is and is not a citizen in light of Morales-Santana). The government concedes as much. See Resp’t Br. 33. Similar to the Ninth Circuit, we previously assessed whether “[f]ormer 8 U.S.C. § 1432’s restrictions on derivative citizenship based solely on the father’s naturalization [were] rationally related” to the reasons proffered by the government. Catwell v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 623 F.3d 199, 211 (3d Cir. 2010) (emphasis added). Catwell did involve the slightly different circumstance of a noncitizen challenging a citizenship- conferring statute on his own behalf, id. at 210 (“Petitioner 17 contends that former 8 U.S.C. § 1432(a)(3) ‘unconstitutionally discriminates against [him] based upon legitimacy and gender.’”) (quoting Catwell’s Br. 53). That is enough to distinguish it from Breyer, which applied intermediate scrutiny where a noncitizen presented a gender-based equal protection challenge to a citizenship-conferring statute because the challenge was on behalf of his citizen parent. 214 F.3d at 423– 24. But not from Morales-Santana. This is because, unlike Breyer, there is no indication that Morales-Santana’s application of intermediate scrutiny was premised on anything other than the fact that the petitioner’s challenge was gender- based and he “claim[ed] he [was] . . . a U.S. citizen.” 137 S. Ct. at 1693–94. So we too must relent: in accordance with United States v. Tann, 577 F.3d 533, 541 (3d Cir. 2009), based on intervening Supreme Court precedent, this panel declines to follow our Court’s precedential decision in Catwell. We will apply intermediate scrutiny in this case and do so because Tineo presents a gender-based equal protection challenge and claims that he is a U.S. citizen. 2. The scope of the challenge is as-applied. This entails a concession that the statute at issue may be constitutional in many of its applications but contends “that its application to a particular person under particular circumstances deprived that person of a constitutional right.” United States v. Marcavage, 609 F.3d 264, 273 (3d Cir. 2010) (citation omitted). In contrast, a facial challenge “tests a law’s constitutionality based on its text alone and does not consider the facts or circumstances of a particular case.” Id. (citation omitted). Properly understood, Tineo’s challenge turns on the particular 18 circumstances at hand: the statute’s interaction with the New York and Dominican Republic laws and his particular family circumstances. By contrast, many jurisdictions have abolished distinctions between legitimated and unlegitimated children or eased the burden on unwed fathers to legitimate their children. See, e.g., Brandao v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 654 F.3d 427, 430 (3d Cir. 2011) (abolished in Cape Verde); Anderson v. Holder, 673 F.3d 1089, 1101–02 (9th Cir. 2012) (eased in Arizona). Indeed, in 2015, the BIA observed the “growing consensus— both in the United States and abroad—against labeling children []‘legitimate’ and ‘illegitimate’ by virtue of the marital status of their parents.” Matter of Cross, 26 I. & N. Dec. 485, 492 (BIA 2015). So it eased the burden on unwed fathers in some jurisdictions by holding that, for the purposes of § 1101(c)(1), a father need not follow the formal process required to legitimate a child if that jurisdiction has eliminated all legal distinctions between “legitimate” and “illegitimate” children. Id.10 Additionally, as the government points out, as early as 1940, nearly half of all states permitted a father to take some action other than marrying the child’s mother in order to legitimate a child born out of wedlock. Resp’t Br. 41 (citing Nationality Manual § 1041.861). 10 The burden still remains in jurisdictions that maintain the distinction, since § 1101(c)(1) has not been amended. 19  III. Discussion A. Challenge Moving to the challenge itself, it is twofold. Tineo first asks that we avoid the constitutional question by rejecting the government’s construction of “child,” as defined in 8 U.S.C. § 1101(c)(1), and instead construe the provision as including anyone who is unmarried and under the age of 21. Alternatively, he asks that we deem the interplay between §§ 1101(c)(1) and 1432(a) unconstitutional as applied to his father. 1. Section 1101(c)(1) is the linchpin of the denial of Tineo’s constitutional avoidance argument. This is because § 1101(c)(1) has been interpreted to require that a child born out of wedlock must be legitimated in order to be considered a “child” as incorporated in § 1432(a). So read, it tethers legitimation to the law of the residence or domicile of the father or child. In the context of laws that only permit legitimation through marriage, then, § 1101(c)(1) causes § 1432(a)(2) to prevent a surviving father from ever transmitting citizenship to his child “if the child remained unlegitimated at the time of the mother’s death.” Pet’r’s Op. Br. 16. Further, “[t]he father would be powerless to change this result by adopting or legitimating the child, since adoption is unavailable to biological fathers . . . .” Id. at 19–20. In contrast, a naturalized mother may transmit citizenship to her “child [who] was born out of wedlock and [whose] paternity . . . has not been established by legitimation.” § 1432(a)(3). 20  We agree that the government’s construction of § 1101(c)(1) plays a role in the alleged constitutional violation, but pinning it all on that provision in the way Tineo proposes would be strong medicine for what is an otherwise narrow infirmity. Under the government’s construction, § 1101(c)(1) merely imposes a legitimation requirement on the fathers of children born out of wedlock. While this imposition engenders a differentiation between women and men, it is akin to gender- based differentiation that has withstood constitutional scrutiny. Indeed, in Nguyen, the Supreme Court upheld imposing affirmative steps, including legitimation, on unwed fathers but not mothers so long as they were not “onerous” and did not create “inordinate and unnecessary hurdles to conferral of citizenship on the children of citizen fathers.” Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 62, 65, 70–71. This is because the relation between a mother and a child “is verifiable from the birth itself,” and the same is true of “the opportunity for the development of a relationship between citizen parent and child . . . .” Id. at 62, 65. These same biological differences led the Court to opine in Trimble that “[t]he more serious problems of proving paternity might justify a more demanding standard for illegitimate children claiming under their fathers’ estates than that required for [those] claiming under their mothers’ estates . . . .” 430 U.S. at 771 (emphasis added). Assuming arguendo that we would be able to, construing § 1101(c)(1) in the way Tineo proposes would effectively invalidate the legitimation requirement in most instances. Rather than applying in every case in which a child is born out of wedlock and only the father naturalizes, the requirement would only apply where this was true and the out- of-wedlock child married or was over the age of 21. When 21 coupled with the requirement that the parent’s naturalization needs to happen while the child is under eighteen years of age, see § 1432(a)(4), the requirement would become a shell of its former self. This effect is even broader when one considers that § 1101(c)(1) continues to play a role in the renewed § 1431(a), which also requires that the child be “under the age of eighteen years” when the parent naturalizes. § 1431(a)(2). Regardless of the merits (or lack thereof) of imposing a legitimation requirement on the fathers of children born out of wedlock, invalidating a provision’s operation in a vast number of instances across two different statutes, one of which is not at issue, is too strong a medicine for avoiding or curing the otherwise narrow infirmity Tineo has identified. Tineo’s father was unable to have his born-out-of-wedlock child derive citizenship through him, whereas a similarly situated mother would have faced no such roadblock. Though § 1101(c)(1) sets the stage for this disparate treatment, § 1432(a)(2) and (a)(3) are the main acts. We therefore consider the infirmity alleged by Tineo, with due attention to how the provisions operate in concert. 2. As we have noted in prior cases, “the standard of review . . . is often outcome determinative.” Connelly v. Steel Valley Sch. Dist., 706 F.3d 209, 213 (3d Cir. 2013). This case is no different. To survive the challenge Tineo presents, the government is required to show that §§ 1101(c)(1) and 1432(a)’s classification “serve an important governmental interest today.” Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1690. This is because, “in interpreting the Equal Protection Clause, the [Supreme] Court has recognized that new insights and societal understandings can reveal unjustified inequality . . . that once 22 passed unnoticed and unchallenged.” Obergefell v. Hodges, 135 S. Ct. 2584, 2603 (2015) (quoted in Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1690). This is a tall order for the government, as it requires justifying treating Tineo’s father as being so different from a similarly situated mother of an out-of-wedlock child that Tineo’s father ought to never be able to transmit his citizenship to Tineo. Unsurprisingly, the order is too tall: the government’s justification is unavailing in these circumstances. It proffers that the classification is a tailored means by Congress to avoid “usurping the traditional province of states, and foreign countries, to regulate domestic relationships.” Resp’t Br. 35–36, 38. In essence, Congress wanted to “defer to states’ laws on legitimacy” that “did not permit a[n unlegitimated] child to inherit from his . . . father.” Id. at 40. This justification is tantamount to asserting that the federal government has an important interest in perpetuating discrimination under state or foreign law against the fathers of nonmarital children, a premise that is at odds with Supreme Court precedent. See Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1700 n.25. As the Court observed, “[d]istinctions based on parents’ marital status . . . are subject to the same heightened scrutiny as distinctions based on gender.” Id.; cf. Cabrera v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 921 F.3d 401, 404 (3d Cir. 2019) (applying rational basis review to disparate treatment of biological and adoptive children in the context of 8 U.S.C. § 1409). Permitting the government to impose one dubious classification merely to entrench another would be absurd. Even if this interest did not equate to the perpetuation of discrimination against unwed fathers, the government has not articulated how deferring to state legitimation rules 23 constitutes an important governmental interest “today.” See id. at 1690. Although some states have not formally abolished the distinction between legitimated and unlegitimated children, these classifications now have little import under state law: long gone are the days when unlegitimated children simply could not inherit. See, e.g., N.Y. Est. Powers & Trs. Law § 4- 1.2(2)(C) (allowing unlegitimated children to inherit if they provide results from a paternity test or “evidence that the father openly and notoriously acknowledged the child as his own”). But, when coupled with the circumstances of Tineo’s case, §§ 1101(c)(1) and 1432(a)’s legitimation rule turns these largely meaningless vestiges of a bygone era into the defining characteristic for whether naturalized fathers can ever transmit citizenship to their born-out-of-wedlock children. Our dissenting colleague would like us to cast this reality aside because, “in legislating, Congress is not required to anticipate every potential outcome that results from the application of a statute in order for it to pass constitutional muster.” Diss. Op. 5.11 The view originates from a passage in 11 To be clear, our colleague is not suggesting that Congress need not consider the Constitution when legislating. This proposition finds no support in our jurisprudence, the Supreme Court’s, or that of any of our sister circuits. It is elemental that Congress cannot legislate beyond the limits set by the Constitution. Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137, 138 (1803) (“An act of congress repugnant to the constitution cannot become law.” (emphasis added)). So, while it may well be true that Congress is not required to anticipate every potential outcome that results from the application of its statutes, we are obliged to hold it accountable for those applications that are unconstitutional. See, e.g., id. at 177–78 24 Nguyen. The Court had acknowledged the importance of assuring the existence of a relationship between citizen parent and child, both as a biological matter and in terms of the opportunity for a true relationship to develop between the two. Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 62, 65 (acknowledging that the biological relationship between a mother and child is “verifiable from the birth itself,” and “likewise the opportunity for the development of a relationship between citizen parent and child”). In response, the “petitioners assert[ed] that, although a mother will know of her child’s birth, knowledge that one is a parent, no matter how it is acquired, does not guarantee a relationship with one’s child.” Id. at 69. The Court dismissed this assertion on the ground that, “even [if] one conceive[d] of the interest Congress pursue[d] as establishment of a real, practical relationship of considerable substance between parent and child in every case,” its chosen means would “meet[] the equal protection standard . . . so long as it is substantially related to the achievement of the governmental objective in question.” Id. at 70 (emphases added) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). It then clarified this point by explaining that the means-end fit required to survive intermediate scrutiny does not require that the means be “capable of achieving [the] ultimate objective in every instance.” Id. With this as the background, there is no disagreement that the existence of a relationship between citizen parent and child is an important governmental objective, particularly in the “difficult context of conferring citizenship on a vast (“[I]f a law be in opposition to the constitution [and] both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, . . . the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty.”). 25 number of persons.” Id. at 70. We also agree that the means- end fit required to survive intermediate scrutiny does not mean that 8 U.S.C. §§ 1101(c)(1) and 1432(a)(2) and (a)(3) have to ensure that this relationship exists in every instance. But Tineo does not contend otherwise: he simply asks us to determine whether the means-end fit was sufficiently close when those provisions did not permit his father to transmit citizenship to him, without providing any practicable way for his father to demonstrate that the requisite relationship existed between the two. To that effect, the Supreme Court has long recognized that “laws treating fathers and mothers differently may not be constitutionally applied . . . where the mother and father are in fact similarly situated with regard to their relationship with the child.” Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1693 n. 12 (2017) (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Lehr v. Robertson, 463 U.S. 248, 267 (1983)). It thus saw no equal protection problem where an unwed father who “ha[d] never supported and rarely seen” his child complained that he was entitled to receive notice of a proceeding to adopt her. Lehr, 463 U.S. at 250. The Court concluded that “the New York statutes adequately protected appellant’s inchoate interest in establishing a relationship with [his daughter],” and thus found “no merit in the claim that his constitutional rights were offended.” Id. at 262–65; see also Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1693 n.12 (explaining that “[t]he ‘similarly situated’ condition was not satisfied in Lehr, [because] the father in that case had ‘never established any custodial, personal, or financial relationship’ with the child”). Notably, the statutes provided that the father would have been entitled to notice had he done any one of the following: (1) filed his name in the state’s putative father registry, (2) established paternity by 26 adjudication, (3) been identified as the child’s father on her birth certificate, (4) openly lived with the child’s mother and held himself out to be her father, (5) identified as the father in a sworn statement, or (6) married the child’s mother before she turned six months old. Id. at 251. Tellingly, the Court took the opposite view with an Illinois statute that outright terminated the custody rights of an unwed father who had “lived with his children all their lives and had lived with their mother for eighteen years,” and thereby rendered “the nature of the actual relationship between parent and child . . . completely irrelevant.” Lehr, 463 U.S. at 258–59. (emphasis added) (referring to Stanley v. Illinois, 405 U.S. 645, 655 (1972)). Specifically, the statute permitted the state to “circumvent neglect proceedings on the theory that an unwed father [was] not a ‘parent’ whose existing relationship with his children must be considered.” Stanley, 405 U.S. at 649–50. As the Court put it, such a law “conclusively presumed every father of a child born out of wedlock to be an unfit person to have custody of his children.” Lehr, 463 U.S. at 258 (emphasis added). The Court found this “constitutionally repugnant,” because even if “most unmarried fathers are unsuitable and neglectful parents . . . some are wholly suited to have custody of their children,” and the “State readily concede[d]” that there was no evidence that the father “[was] or ha[d] been a neglectful father who ha[d] not cared for his children.” Stanley, 405 U.S. at 649, 654–55. Nothing in Nguyen suggests that the Court has departed from this course. Like the New York statutes in Lehr, 8 U.S.C. § 1409(a)(4) imposed what the Court characterized as a “minimal” burden on unwed fathers to demonstrate the existence of a relationship with their child as a prerequisite for transmitting citizenship. Nguyen, 633 U.S. at 70. The father 27 could take the “least onerous of . . . the[] simple steps and alternatives” of legitimating the child under the law of the child’s residence or domicile, acknowledging paternity in writing under oath, or establishing paternity by adjudication of a competent court. Id. at 59, 69–71 (emphases added). In contrast, the burden imposed on Tineo’s father to demonstrate the existence of a relationship to Tineo was not only onerous, it was impossible. Indeed, like Stanley, the actual relationship between Felipe Tineo and his child was rendered completely irrelevant, and he was conclusively presumed to be unfit to transmit citizenship to his child. We thus maintain that, when applied to his circumstance, the provisions from which such a burden and presumption stem—§§ 1101(c)(1) and 1432(a)(2) and (a)(3)— cannot be squared with the equal-protection mandate of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. B. Remedy Anticipating this result, the government suggests that we “should not fashion a remedy and, instead, leave that work to Congress.” Resp’t Br. 48. In so suggesting, the government advances the view that we do not have the “power to provide relief of the sort requested in this [petition]—namely, conferral of citizenship on a basis other than that prescribed by Congress.” Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1701 (Thomas, J., joined by Alito, J., concurring in part) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). We do not subscribe to this view. See Breyer, 214 F.3d at 429 (finding an equal protection violation in a derivative citizenship statute, and providing that, pursuant to additional findings by the District Court, the noncitizen petitioner would “be entitled to American citizenship relating back to his birth”). 28  As an initial matter, a judgment in Tineo’s favor “would confirm [his] pre-existing citizenship rather than grant [him] rights that [he] does not now possess.” Miller v. Albright, 523 U.S. 420, 432 (1998) (opinion of Stevens, J.). Or, more precisely, what Tineo seeks is “severance of the offending provisions so that the statute, free of its constitutional defect, can operate to determine whether citizenship was transmitted” by his father. Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 95–96 (O’Connor, J., dissenting) (citing Miller, 523 U.S. at 488–89) (Breyer, J., dissenting)); Oral Arg. Audio 9:38–10:04. Indeed, as long ago as 1898, the Supreme Court invalidated the application of the Chinese Exclusion Act to a man born in the United States and who therefore, under the Fourteenth Amendment, had been a citizen since birth. See United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649, 704 (1898). More to the point, the view espoused by the government has never commanded a majority of the Supreme Court, and, in fact, as the authoring Justice Scalia bemoaned, “[a] majority of the Justices . . . concluded otherwise in” Miller and “the Court . . . proceed[ed] on the same assumption” in Nguyen. Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 73–74 (Scalia, J., joined by Thomas, J., concurring) (concluding that it was thus “appropriate . . . to reach the merits of petitioners’ equal protection claims [and] join the opinion of the Court”). The principal case cited by the government—INS v. Pangilinan, 486 U.S. 875, 883 (1988)—does not convince us otherwise. That case involved the judicial conferral of citizenship as an equitable remedy where there was no finding that the statute was constitutionally infirm. Section 701 of the 1940 Nationality Act provided an avenue by which noncitizens who served in World War II could naturalize without having to meet a residency or English-proficiency requirement. Id. at 29 877–88. That pathway presumed that a representative would be designated to receive petitions, conduct hearings, and grant naturalizations overseas. Id. at 878. For foreign-policy reasons, the Attorney General deprived the Philippine Islands of such a representative for a nine-month period. Id. at 879– 80. This led to a stream of litigation by Filipino veterans who did not naturalize before the 1940 Act expired. Id. at 880. Two cases made it to the Ninth Circuit and were consolidated. Id. The Ninth Circuit held that the deprivation of a representative in the Philippines violated the mandate of the 1940 Act and awarded an equitable remedy by retroactively conferring citizenship. Id. at 882. The Supreme Court reversed because, like the doctrine of equitable estoppel, equitable remedies cannot “override a public policy established by Congress . . . .” Id. at 883 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). That is, “the power to make someone a citizen of the United States has not been conferred upon the federal courts, like mandamus or injunction, as one of their generally applicable equitable powers.” Id. at 883–84 (emphasis added). That statement and holding have no bearing where the Constitution is concerned. See Nguyen, 523 U.S. at 95–96 (O’Connor, J., joined by Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer, JJ., dissenting). In that instance, the notion that a court is not empowered to fashion a remedy finds support in only an exceedingly strict view of the plenary power doctrine. See Miller, 523 U.S. at 455–56 (Scalia, J., concurring in the judgment) (“It is in my view incompatible with the plenary power of Congress over those fields for judges to speculate as to what Congress would have enacted if it had not enacted what it did . . . .”). It was not too long ago that a similarly strict treatment of this doctrine resulted in the condonation of even the most blatant discrimination. See, e.g., The Chinese 30 Exclusion Case, 130 U.S. 581, 610–11 (1889) (establishing the modern plenary-power doctrine in upholding the Chinese Exclusion Act); Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U.S. 698, 732, 13 S. Ct. 1016, 1017 (1893) (holding that the political branches could deport residents based solely on their race and deem all people of “the Chinese race” incompetent to sign the affidavit needed for Chinese immigrants to remain lawfully); id. at 763 (Fuller, J., dissenting) (castigating the majority’s decision as “incompatible with the immutable principles of justice, inconsistent with the nature of our government, and in conflict with the written constitution by which that government was created, and those principles secured”); Boutilier v. INS, 387 U.S. 118, 122–24 (1967) (holding that Congress could deem gay men excludable “as afflicted with a . . . psychopathic personality” under the plenary-power doctrine). Unsurprisingly, then, while continuing to recognize the broad deference owed to Congress in immigration matters, the Supreme Court has in recent years curtailed the plenary-power doctrine’s excesses, both by clarifying that rational-basis review still adheres upon its invocation and by limiting the classes of persons subject thereto. See, e.g., Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1693–94; INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919, 940–41 (1983) (rejecting the government’s invocation of the plenary- power doctrine because the case concerned “whether Congress has chosen a constitutionally permissible means of implementing that power”). We, too, have recognized that the plenary-power doctrine—while affording Congress great discretion—“is subject to important constitutional limitations,” and “it is the province of the courts” to enforce those constraints. Osorio-Martinez v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 893 F.3d 153, 175 (3d Cir. 2018) (quoting Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 31 678, 695 (2001)) (holding that children with special immigrant juvenile status may invoke the Suspension Clause). That curtailment is further apparent from the Court’s remedy analysis in Morales-Santana. After finding an unconstitutional infirmity with the provisions at issue, the Court engaged in precisely the sort of “speculat[ion] as to what Congress would have enacted if it had not enacted what it did” Justice Scalia cautioned against in his concurrence in Miller. The equal protection infirmity at issue was that the statute retained a longer physical-presence requirement for unwed citizen fathers to transmit citizenship to their children born abroad to a noncitizen mother than for similarly situated unwed citizen mothers. Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1698. The petitioner asked the Court to extend the benefit of the shorter physical-presence requirement to the unwed fathers that the statute reserved for the unwed mothers. Id. The Court expressly stated that it had the option of doing just that or nullifying the benefit reserved for the unwed mothers such that both classes of parents would have a longer physical presence requirement. Id. Despite acknowledging that “extension, rather than nullification, is the proper course” it chose nullification because extension would have disrupted the statutory scheme in a way that would have meant a shorter physical-presence requirement for unwed fathers and mothers than for their wed counterparts. Id. at 1700. To our case, then, the “proper course” is proper. Indeed, we are confronted with the same two remedial alternatives: we can remedy the unequal treatment by extending the benefit that 8 U.S.C. § 1432(a)(3) confers on unwed mothers to Felipe Tineo or by nullifying the benefit such that the benefit- conferring clause in (a)(3) is excised. We choose the former, and our choice is “governed by the legislature’s intent, as 32 revealed by the statute at hand.” Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1699. Gleaning that the proper course is extension is rather straightforward in this case. On the one hand, nothing supports nullification. This is because in the face of nullification—that is, the possibility that § 1101(c)(1) could be read as imposing a legitimation requirement on mothers of children born out of wedlock—Congress spoke in as clear a manner as it could. It said “a child born outside of the United States of [noncitizen parents] . . . becomes a citizen [upon the] . . . the naturalization of the mother if the child was born out of wedlock and the paternity of the child has not been established by legitimation . . . .” § 1432(a)(3). Even in the absence of this provision, the government has maintained that no such legitimation requirement exists for mothers. See Eligibility of Unlegitimated Children for Derivative Citizenship, 27 O.L.C. 136 (2003); Memorandum of William Yates, Acting Assoc. Dir., CIS, to Regional Directors, CIS (Sept. 26, 2003), 2003 WL 22334606, at *1. On the other, there is no roadblock to granting extension. There is little support for the view that Congress intended that no unlegitimated child born out of wedlock would ever derive citizenship through her father. Even if it did, its enactment of a severability provision counsels against considering that conviction as so strong as to warrant depriving similarly situated mothers of the benefit in order to implement it. See The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 § 406, 66 Stat. 163, 281 (“If any particular provision of this Act, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of the Act and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.” (emphases added)). 33  In addition, contrary to the government’s suggestion, Morales-Santana is no obstacle. The Court’s reluctance to grant extension in Morales-Santana was driven by the fact that it would result in ascribing a discriminatory intent to Congress: that of “disadvantageous treatment of marital children in comparison to nonmarital children.” 137 S. Ct. at 1700. There is no argument that § 1101(c)(1)’s legitimation requirement applies, or has ever applied, to the parents of children born in wedlock. Thus, extending Felipe Tineo the same treatment that § 1432(a)(3) affords to similarly situated mothers would not disrupt the statutory scheme in any significant way, nor will it result in ascribing a discriminatory intent to Congress. So we will: Jose Francisco Tineo became a U.S. citizen when his father naturalized and he was “under the age of eighteen years” and “residing in the United States pursuant to a lawful admission for permanent residence . . . .” See § 1432(a)(4) & (a)(5). That is since June 15, 1985. ***** We acknowledge that, like Morales-Santana before him, Tineo does not engender much sympathy. He had other options available to seek citizenship in his own right. See, e.g., 8 U.S.C. § 1427. Although “[t]his option [might have] be[en] foreclosed to [Tineo], [] any bar [would have been] due to the serious nature of his criminal offenses, not to an equal protection denial or to any supposed rigidity or harshness in the citizenship laws.” Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 71. But he is not the Tineo that is our focus here. The result fostered by the gender classification at issue precluded Felipe Tineo from ever having his child derive citizenship from him. No matter how we attain it, the Constitution guarantees us the 34 rights and responsibilities that come with American citizenship, regardless of gender, religious beliefs, or the color of our skin. See J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B., 511 U.S. 127, 146 (1994). Felipe Tineo acquired citizenship and lived out its responsibilities, so we cannot lend our imprimatur to his being unconstitutionally denied one of its benefits. This is the focus of Jose Tineo’s challenge, and the lens through which we view him an American. With this ruling, the consequence for Tineo’s offenses is not removal, but rather what the law provides is permissible for any other citizen who is convicted of the same offenses. We will therefore grant the petition for review and vacate the order of removal. This course obviates the need to reach Tineo’s argument that the BIA should have found that his passport established a presumption of citizenship that the government may rebut only by showing that the passport was fraudulently or illegally obtained. See Dessouki, 915 F.3d at 967 (citizenship finding mooted “lingering agency issues”). 35 SMITH, Chief Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part. When Felipe Tineo became a naturalized United States citizen, he acquired all the rights that adhere to that status. At the relevant time, this included the right to pass his citizenship to his children under the circumstances described in 8 U.S.C. § 1432.1 Because we address the claim that Felipe Tineo would have been able to pass his citizenship to his son José pursuant to § 1432 but for a gender-based classification preventing it, I concur with the majority that we apply intermediate scrutiny in conducting our review.2 Sessions v. Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. 1678, 1689 (2017). Intermediate scrutiny requires that the 1 For simplicity, I refer only to § 1432. However, as the majority correctly observes, the gender-based classification at issue arises from the interaction of two subsections of § 1432 with the definition of “child” in 8 U.S.C. § 1101(c)(1). 2 I likewise concur with the majority in its view that, to the extent Catwell v. Attorney General, 623 F.3d 199, 211 (3d Cir. 2010), applied rational basis review to a gender-based equal protection challenge, we must decline to follow it in light of the Supreme Court’s more recent decision in Sessions v. Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. 1678, 1689 (2017). 1 gender-based classification serve an important governmental objective and be substantially related to achievement of that objective. Id. at 1690. I part ways with the majority because, in my view, § 1432 satisfies that standard.3 The Government posits that § 1432 serves an important governmental objective: as in Nguyen v. INS, 533 U.S. 53 (2001), the statute utilizes legitimation “as a tailored means of ensuring that only those unwed fathers who had achieved equal parental rights as those afforded to mothers under the law of their state or country were permitted to pass citizenship to their child.” Resp’t. Br. 35–36. Recently, in Morales-Santana, the Supreme Court reaffirmed that it correctly decided Nguyen. In Nguyen, the parental acknowledgement requirement served the important interest of establishing “the parent’s filial tie to the child.” Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. at 1694. The Supreme Court described the parental acknowledgement requirement as “a justifiable, easily met means of ensuring the existence of a biological parent-child relationship, which the mother establishes by giving birth.” Id. 3 I further agree with the majority that, under United States v. Moreno, 727 F.3d 255, 257 (3d Cir. 2013), Tineo’s first passport does not constitute conclusive proof of citizenship. 2  Nguyen recognized two important interests that are served in establishing the existence of such a filial tie: (1) the importance of assuring the existence of a biological father-child relationship; and (2) the importance of developing a true interpersonal relationship between the child and the citizen parent who, in turn, has ties to the United States. Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 62–65. The differential treatment of mothers and fathers is based upon genuine differences at the time of the birth of a child, and does not rely on outdated stereotypes. See Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 68 (“There is nothing irrational or improper in the recognition that at the moment of birth . . . the mother’s knowledge of the child and the fact of parenthood have been established in a way not guaranteed in the case of the unwed father. This is not a stereotype.”). The legitimation requirement in § 1432, like the parental acknowledgment requirement in Nguyen, is substantially related to the goal of ensuring that a naturalized father’s citizenship passes automatically to his child only in those cases where a genuine biological and familial tie exists. “It is almost axiomatic that a policy which seeks to foster the opportunity for meaningful parent-child bonds to develop has a close and substantial bearing on the governmental interest in the actual formation of that bond.” Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 70. The fit between the means and the important end is, as in Nguyen, “exceedingly persuasive.” Id. 3  Section 1432 is actually more difficult to satisfy than the statute in Nguyen because § 1432 is limited to legitimation under local law, while the statute in Nguyen permitted paternal acknowledgment via two additional methods (a court order of paternity or a declaration of paternity under oath). See Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 70–71. In my view, this does not change the conclusion that Nguyen applies. Even if § 1432 had included the other alternatives described in Nguyen, none of them would be available to José Tineo because there is no evidence that his father acknowledged paternity or adjudicated paternity before José turned 18. Moreover, as observed in Nguyen, José Tineo could have sought citizenship in his own right, were it not for his having committed serious criminal offenses. See Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 71. It need hardly be pointed out that we are not permitted to override the will of Congress and select other methods for designating the recipients of derivative citizenship. Indeed, in Nguyen, the Supreme Court rejected the suggestion that a DNA test should suffice, observing that the “Constitution . . . does not require that Congress elect one particular mechanism from among many possible methods of establishing paternity.” Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 63. Our review is limited to consideration of whether Congress’s selection of state legitimation law is substantially related to its goal of establishing the existence of a true filial tie before 4 citizenship may pass from a father to his non-marital child. As I see it, such a substantial relationship exists. The majority is swayed by the outcome that José Tineo is forever barred from receiving derivative citizenship via his naturalized father because his mother died when José was 15, and the laws of the relevant jurisdictions (New York and the Dominican Republic) offered no method for Felipe to legitimate José after her death. For that reason, the majority dismisses the Government’s primary justification for the statute. But in legislating, Congress is not required to anticipate every potential outcome that results from the application of a statute in order for it to pass constitutional muster. See Pierre v. Holder, 738 F.3d 39, 53–54 (2d Cir. 2013). Congress legislated in the “difficult context of conferring citizenship on vast numbers of persons.” Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 70. We should therefore accept the means Congress chose, so long as it does so within the bounds of the constitution by legislating “in substantial furtherance of important governmental objectives.” See id. I believe its chosen course meets that test.4 4 In dismissing the government’s proffered justification, the majority relies on decisions about the termination of parental rights. In Lehr v. Robinson, 463 U.S. 248, 266– 68 (1983), for instance, the Supreme Court upheld a New York law that prevented a biological father from vetoing 5 his daughter’s adoption by another man. Lehr, in turn, cites Caban v. Mohammed, 441 U.S. 380, 389 (1979), a case in which the Supreme Court rejected an earlier version of the same New York statute because it too broadly assumed that a father always has a lesser bond than a mother. In Caban, the statute was structured in a way that did not take into account the father’s relationship with his biological child at all, and instead relied exclusively on “overbroad generalizations” about a non- marital father’s role. Id. at 394. Thus, Caban concerned the sort of outdated gender stereotypes that do not underlie the legislation before us today. And, after Caban, the New York legislature amended the statute to provide methods for an unwed father to establish the existence of a relationship with his child. See Practice Commentary, N.Y. Dom. Rel. Law § 111 (McKinney 2016). It was the amended statute that survived scrutiny in Lehr. Here, in contrast to Lehr and Caban, Congress was not addressing the termination of parental rights in adoption, but was legislating to ensure the existence of the father’s filial tie for the specific purpose of passing on a citizenship right. The Supreme Court spoke to this important interest in Nguyen and upheld an analogous provision as constitutional because it substantially served that important interest. Nguyen, 533 U.S. at 67. In short, Lehr and Caban arose in a distinct and distinguishable context and do not undermine my conclusion that Nguyen controls. 6  Equal protection does not require that “the statute under consideration must be capable of achieving its ultimate objective in every instance.” Id. Thus, although the result in the case we confront is that José Tineo cannot acquire derivative citizenship under § 1432, such an outcome does not mean that his father was deprived of the equal protection of the law. I therefore would deny the petition for review. 7 

Q: setting wallpaper through code I was trying to make an app which also had the facility to let user select wallpaper he would like to set. I have managed this by calling the Gallery Intent. Once the user selects a specific image, the data path of the image is returned to me which then i preview to the user by setting the image onto an imageview. The problem crops up when the image size (and/or resolution) is greater than what android expects. This results in failure of my module. And as if this was not enough, wen the user tries to select some other wallpaper(and in my test case the "other" wallpaper was also of size >700kb) then the app crashes with the "OutOfMemoryException"... Helppp me here guys!!! For Gallery Intent i use: Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setType("image/*"); intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Select Picture"),SELECT_IMAGE); For setting the wallpaper i use: InputStream is = getContentResolver().openInputStream(Uri.parse(uri_returned_from_intent)); Bitmap bgImage = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);//OutOfMemory error thrown here setWallpaper(bgImage); So i have 2 problems to deal with: How to crop the image before setting it as wallpaper... Cant understand y OutOfMemoryException is thrown, coz none of my image sizes exceed even 1mb... and i guess the VM budget in case Of N1 is 24Mb if m not mistaken... A: You should decode with inSampleSize option to reduce memory consumption. Android: Strange out of memory issue while loading an image to a Bitmap object (stackoverflow) Another option inJustDecodeBounds can help you to find correct inSampleSize value How to get bitmap infomation before decode an image file? (Google Groups)

Jared Allen (quarterback) Jared Allen (born August 26, 1981) is an American football coach and former player. He was the starting quarterback at FAU from 2001 to 2004 and also played professionally for the Amsterdam Admirals of NFL Europe in 2006. High school career Allen attended Edmond Santa Fe High School in Edmond, Oklahoma. As a senior, he completed 171 of 282 passes for 1,973 yards and 18 touchdowns. As a junior, he connected on 145 of 232 attempts for 1,502 yards and 9 touchdowns. He was named a 1999 Blue Chip athlete. He earned first-team All-Edmond Area, All-Metro Conference, All-District 6A-1, all-city (Oklahoma City) and Oklahoma Coaches Association all-state honors. Allen was named to the Jim Thorpe All-Star Game and was selected MVP. He was a two-sport athlete (football and basketball). College career Allen started four years at Florida Atlantic and was named the team's MVP in 2003, the offensive MVP in 2002, and the team MVP in 2001. He played in 47 games and started 44 times. Throughout his collegiate career, he completed 570 of 1,003 passes for 8,100 yards and 50 touchdowns. He was redshirted in 2000 and majored in political science. Professional career 2005 season Allen signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent on May 5, 2005. He was released on August 31, 2005. 2006 season Allen was re-signed on January 5, 2006 and was allocated to the NFL Europe's Amsterdam Admirals. He shared backup quarterback duties with Reggie Robertson playing one quarter per game every other week, until starting quarterback Gibran Hamdan broke his ankle. Jared Allen was then granted the starting job, leading the Amsterdam Admirals to one win (away vs. the Frankfurt Galaxy) and two losses during the remaining regular season games. The one win was sufficient to secure first place in the season and a spot in the World Bowl, which was lost to the Frankfurt Galaxy by 7–22. Allen was released on August 29. Coaching career In January, 2012 Allen was name the tight ends coach at Florida Atlantic University (FAU). After the 2013 season, Allen stepped back into an administrative role as director of player personnel and external relations. In 2015, he returned to a positional coach this time coaching running backs. Following the 2016 season, Allen stepped back from coaching for the 2017 season. External links FAU profile Category:1981 births Category:Living people Category:American football quarterbacks Category:Amsterdam Admirals players Category:Florida Atlantic Owls football coaches Category:Florida Atlantic Owls football players Category:Players of American football from Oklahoma Category:Sportspeople from Edmond, Oklahoma

4D Lorentz electron microscopy imaging: magnetic domain wall nucleation, reversal, and wave velocity. Magnetization reversal is an important topic of research in the fields of both basic and applied ferromagnetism. For the study of magnetization reversal dynamics and magnetic domain wall (DW) motion in ferromagnetic thin films, imaging techniques are indispensable. Here, we report 4D imaging of DWs by the out-of-focus Fresnel method in Lorentz ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), with in situ spatial and temporal resolutions. The temporal change in magnetization, as revealed by changes in image contrast, is clocked using an impulsive optical field to produce structural deformation of the specimen, thus modulating magnetic field components in the specimen plane. Directly visualized are DW nucleation and subsequent annihilation and oscillatory reappearance (periods of 32 and 45 ns) in nickel films on two different substrates. For the case of Ni films on a Ti/Si(3)N(4) substrate, under conditions of minimum residual external magnetic field, the oscillation is associated with a unique traveling wave train of periodic magnetization reversal. The velocity of DW propagation in this wave train is measured to be 172 m/s with a wavelength of 7.8 microm. The success of this study demonstrates the promise of Lorentz UEM for real-space imaging of spin switching, ferromagnetic resonance, and laser-induced demagnetization in ferromagnetic nanostructures.

Q: Geometric Operations in GIS Systems I have worked with 2D geometry for CAD - My questions are general and relate to understanding operations on geometric entities (lines). Should geometric operations such as line-line intersection be done in the projected spaces (such as EPSG 3857) ? I've had a brief look at the geos library, but it is unclear whether the inputs should be in a linear projected space. If operations are done in projected space - does this introduce significant error in the result when the output is un-projected? A: Possible error of your geometric operation depends on: overall size of the objects - bigger size increase errors, projection that you use, datum that you use (each datum suits some parts of the Earth more than the others) quality of your data. Generally you don't want to work with unprojected data at all unless there is some specific reasons like finding an orthodrome on a global scale (there is a Gnomonic projection for a regional scale) or you are working with global data in general (in this case you store data unprojected but project it for specific operations you need to perform: distance calculation, etc.). Note that there is no universal projection and for each task and the region of the world an appropriate projection (more precisely - CRS) have to be used for achieving the best results. If your project demands to work with more than one projection you should pay a lot of attention to your data quality and integrity. Here a question: will a parallel and a meridian cross in any projection? The picture below is an unprojected image of the countries and a parallel and a meridian. 'Yes' would you say - they will cross in any projection. But I say - 'Nope if your data sucks ass'. Lets project our data into the Bonne projection: Both parallel and meridian were defined only by 2 points each (start and end). That leaded to a disaster in specific projection. But if we know that we will use our lines in specific projection we can adapt our data to it. Lets add some nodes to our lines an project them again: much better result. So when you are working with GIS, especially if you are going to modify your data - you have to understand the pros and cons of CRS. Don't be afraid to use projections - be afraid to use wrong one.

/*============================================================================= Copyright (c) 2018 Kohei Takahashi Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) ==============================================================================*/ #ifndef BOOST_FUSION_IS_NATIVE_FUSION_SEQUENCE #define BOOST_FUSION_IS_NATIVE_FUSION_SEQUENCE #include <boost/fusion/support/config.hpp> #include <boost/fusion/support/sequence_base.hpp> #include <boost/mpl/and.hpp> #include <boost/type_traits/is_complete.hpp> #include <boost/type_traits/is_convertible.hpp> namespace boost { namespace fusion { namespace detail { template <typename Sequence> struct is_native_fusion_sequence : mpl::and_< is_complete<Sequence> , is_convertible<Sequence, detail::from_sequence_convertible_type> > {}; }}} #endif

// This source file is part of the Swift.org open source project // Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017 Apple Inc. and the Swift project authors // Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception // // See https://swift.org/LICENSE.txt for license information // See https://swift.org/CONTRIBUTORS.txt for the list of Swift project authors // RUN: not %target-swift-frontend %s -emit-ir protocol 0{class TextOutputStream

Do We Remember: ‘We Have Had Our Fall’ My first meaningful encounters with Mencken’s work came while we were in Dayton. Mencken approached his coverage of the Scopes Trial — and Dayton and its people — with the same quick-witted ferocity he was famous for. In reading over his attacks of the South in Ralph C. Wood’s Flannery O’Connor and the Christ-Haunted South, though, I realized something: many of the arguments he made against the South, its critics still make today. As Wood quotes him: Down there a poet is now almost as rare as an oboe player, a dry-point etcher of a metaphysician. It is, indeed, amazing to contemplate so vast a vacuity. . . . Nearly the whole of Europe could be lost in that stupendous region of fat farms, shoddy cities and paralyzed cerebrums. . . . And yet, for all its size and and all its wealth and all the ‘progress’ it babbles of, it is almost as sterile, artistically, intellectually, culturally, as the Sahara Desert. And with Mencken’s attacks came the rise of the Agrarians — that class of Southern writers who resisted Mencken’s arguments and defended the South, warts and all, as a distinct and true region. Wood points out that Flannery O’Connor took Mencken seriously at one particular point that the Agrarians may not have: Mencken’s recognition of fundamentalist Christianity as the lynchpin that held so much of the South together. Hence the double-edged nature of O’Connor’s fiction. Wood gets into all those issues and weaves together, really, a masterful account, nuanced as the issues are in reality. If you’re interested, I encourage you to pick his book up. But here’s the thing that nags me now: Mencken and others backed up their claims with sociological data that was hard to refute on its face. The Southern defenders’ best argument was that the “fixes” Northerners would have Southerners undertake burn away the South’s identity and render it like every other part of the country: indistinct. Faced with many of the same sociological problems today (see, for example, lots of the data at www.datacenter.kidscount.org), does the South still possess its distinctiveness? Do we Southerners know today what makes us Southern? Courtesy Kids Count Data Center The cynic here would offer a caricature of Kim Davis and say that the South is as backwards as it ever has been, and as backwards as Mencken described it, save for the addition of “gay-hating” and “gun-toting” to the long list of adjectives. The Agrarian defenders, in countering Mencken and others, pointed out the South’s penchant for politeness and manners, its honor code that rewarded moral behavior, its work ethic that in many cases was actually color blind. Many of them acknowledged the fact that the South’s loss in the Civil War instilled in its people a loss of innocence and understanding of reality. Wood says: With its humiliating defeat in defense of an indefensible cause, the South acquired an ineradicable sense of the tragic: the awareness that even the best of cultures can go profoundly wrong, that seeming good can be built on massive evil, that many things broken cannot be mended, and that much evil must patiently be endured. In O’Connor’s words, “We have had our fall.” Arguably until the Vietnam War or 9/11, no other pocket of the country knew of such. My question: outside of a deceptive sentimentalism, do we today in the South still have this identity? Perhaps this has always been true, but my sense of this is that very few have any clue of this identity, and few care to. In the rural areas, such as where I live, a remnant sense of identity — based as much in local communities as in the South itself — still clings to the hills and fields. My county, Greene County, was once one of the biggest producers of Burley tobacco in the South. Until his dying days right after I joined the staff, my newspaper’s much-loved columnist, Bob Hurley, still wrote of the smells that filled downtown Greeneville in December, when tobacco was put to market in the huge warehouses that peppered town. But it wasn’t just the tobacco and its smell: it was the community’s recognition that it was very much a lifeblood of the local economy, and the work it took to harvest it kept families working together in the fields. East Tennessee, thanks to its mountainous terrain and lack of plantations, was home to Union sympathizers. Our side of the state voted against secession. Greeneville was the home of Andrew Johnson, perhaps the most misunderstood and most scorned scorned son of the South. A few weeks ago I helped interview two locals who attended Greeneville’s black high school before school integration in 1965. Here in Greeneville, there were virtually no issues when blacks began sitting in classrooms with whites. No protests, no fights, no scenes of police officers wielding fire hoses, or anything of the sort. When I asked these two people why that was — what made Greene County so different — they answered almost immediately that everyone was so poor — especially out in the county — and used to working, living, and playing with each other, no one harbored any ill will. Memories like this are becoming scant, I fear. But these memories exist here (and I’m proud that stories like this are how I can help keep these memories alive). Growing up in suburbia outside Chattanooga, I never heard much of who we Southerners were, outside of my father’s love of history. As Chattanooga has grown and finds itself as an up-and-coming locale for hipsters, Millennials, and anyone wanting a taste of the New South, I wonder if the values the Agrarians offered as rebuttals to Mencken resonate with folks there. Do we still possess the virtues of the Old South? The Southern writers of the early and mid-20th century had sturdy ground on which to stand when defending Southern virtues. Do we today? Elsewhere in his book, Wood points out that O’Connor, in her devout Catholicism, saw the importance of the sacraments in her theology. And her fiction. Those sacraments illustrate the length to which God sought His people — using the crude stuff He Himself fashioned in brining forgiveness and redemption, and they stand in stark opposition to the sort of gnosticism that hyper-spiritualized, fundamentalist Protestantism brought. The idea that one could be “so heavenly minded that he is no earthly good” is in part an indictment of the kind of fundamentalism that shuns enjoyment of the physical — intended for enjoyment, when regarded and used correctly —and supplants it with a pharisaical bent toward the judgmental. I wonder if this fundamentalist gnosticism leads to the directionless poverty typified by the family Dylan Roof stayed with before killing nine black people in a church in Charleston. This fundamentalism no doubt has some Southern roots, but its effect is to divorce us from the tradition of hard work and genuine care for the well-being of others. And it grows like kudzu, creating a Southern void. I’m aware some people reading this may not buy anything I have said that puts the South or Southerners in any kind of redeemable light. But I wholeheartedly believe that is a product of cynicism, formed by an almost nihilistic incivility. And I hope if any discussion starts here, we will steer clear of it. Post navigation One thought on “Do We Remember: ‘We Have Had Our Fall’” Wonderful essay, Michael. I’m glad you agonize over these things; for some of us, they are important. The South is Flannery O’Connor’s Catholicism and Tennessee Williams’s whiskey-soaked Big Daddy (not to omit Brick, his closeted gay son). As the old folks depart this life, things do change. And, I must even admit that some of our elders have amended their ways without the Grim Reaper at their door. With their passing, holdovers of prejudice and bigotry leave, but so does some of the grace and gentility — as if to affirm that this region has always been a schizophrenic’s paradise. “Too heavenly minded to be any earthly good” only scratches the surface of our profound and cherished contradictions. To whit, that “gay-hating” thing is really too bad, but quite logical, as I have long speculated that the majority of gay men in the south are married to women. Mencken may have “hated the south,” but I think he must also have been grateful for its alien ways which presented him (on a rusty Ford hubcap) the imperative to exercise his formidable acerbity. I will definitely read Ralph Woods’s book.

Marc has spent 25 years in the live entertainment industry. He became interested in comics in 6th grade, but he couldn't draw. With the advent of computer graphic programs, he's giving it a go after 5 years of trial & error (mostly error). ... full profile

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Q: Nested List and For Loop Consider this: list = 2*[2*[0]] for y in range(0,2): for x in range(0,2): if x ==0: list[x][y]=1 else: list[x][y]=2 print list Result: [[2,2],[2,2]] Why doesn't the result be [[1,1],[2,2]]? A: Because you are creating a list that is two references to the same sublist >>> L = 2*[2*[0]] >>> id(L[0]) 3078300332L >>> id(L[1]) 3078300332L so changes to L[0] will affect L[1] because they are the same list The usual way to do what you want would be >>> L = [[0]*2 for x in range(2)] >>> id(L[0]) 3078302124L >>> id(L[1]) 3078302220L notice that L[0] and L[1] are now distinct

Strictly Global Strictly Global was an American weekly music-television program, which aired from November 19, 2004, to June 3, 2011. It showcased music videos covering every genre of music from every corner of the globe. The program highlights international artists as well as independent and ethnic American talent. The program was produced by MHz Networks, and was broadcast every Friday night on MHz WorldView. History The program premiered on November 19, 2004. Co-produced and co-hosted by Terrance Averett and Mike Leyva, it was originally launched as an hour-long program airing at 9 PM ET. When Levya left the station in May 2005, Averett became sole producer and host. In 2007, Averett became senior producer and A.C. Evans and Jennifer Roh became alternating hosts, with occasional appearances by Averett. In the same year, it expanded to a two-hour block and started airing at 8 PM and 11 PM ET. Season 7 saw new hosts: Dawn Reed, Danni Rosner, and Christina Tkacik. The show was shot at the State Theatre, in Falls Church, Virginia. It is hosted in English, but music videos encompass a wide array of languages. The program reached 30 million households across the U.S. Hosts Dawn Reed Born March 2, 1981 in Misawa, Aomori, Japan, Reed is an American actress, model, director and television personality. She is most known as the hostess and VJ for the international music video television show Strictly Global. Reed joined the program in 2008, during its seventh season. She is also credited as an associate producer and editor for the show, and is a regular blogger for its website. In 2009, Reed created a new segment called "Beat Kitchen" which showcases recipes inspired by music videos. Danni Rosner A multilingual singer who grew up in Tokyo, Rosner returned to the United States during high school. An alumna of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, she holds degrees in musical analysis and English and has worked as a television reporter in Italy, a touring blues singer, and has sung the National Anthem at major sports venues in D.C. (Nationals Park, RFK Stadium, Verizon Center). Nextwave In its sixth season, the show introduced the new segment, "Nextwave", that spotlights new independent artists and bands with culturally diverse sounds and perspectives. Footage of Nextwave artists is featured between music videos during Strictly Global, as well as online. The segment is introduced with a short biography of the artist or band followed by their music video. Nextwave was launched on March 27, 2008, with singer-songwriter Sona Kay as the segment's first featured artist. Kay gave a short interview and performed two of her songs "Fight For Me" and "Contra Corriente" on the guitar. The segment is shot at the 8101A Studio. Cancellation The program's last new episode was aired on June 3, 2011. See also List of American television series References External links , Popmatters. (Article) Category:2004 American television series debuts Category:2011 American television series endings Category:2000s American music television series Category:2010s American music television series Category:English-language television programs Category:Falls Church, Virginia Category:Music videos Category:Pop music television series

If you have been caught in the legal trap of a domestic violence case then it can snatch your employment, your home and any chance of living a normal life in the future. So contact an efficient domestic violence lawyer Colorado immediately and get the best solution for your problems. For further information please visit out website

Neon Therapeutics Files for $100 Million IPO for Immuno-Oncology Pipeline Neon Therapeutics (Proposed Nasdaq: NTGN) has filed for a $100 million initial public offering to fund clinical development of its neoantigen program. Neoantigens result from mutations occurring during tumor growth, are recognized as foreign and differ from native antigens to which the immune system is tolerant. The presence of neoantigens in cancer cells and their absence in normal cells makes them compelling, untapped targets for cancer therapy. The company launched in 2015 with a $55 million Series A investment led by Third Rock Ventures with participation from Clal Biotechnology Industries and Access Industries. The $106 million Series B round in 2017 was led by Partner Fund Management and joined by Third Rock and Access, along with new investors Fidelity, Wellington, Inbio Ventures, Nextech Invest, Pharmstandard International, Arrowmark Partners, Hillhouse Capital and Casdin Capital. The IPO will be led by Morgan Stanley, BofA Merrill Lynch and Mizuho Securities. Neon is developing a pipeline of personalized neoantigen vaccines and autologous T cell therapies, with an initial focus on melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and bladder cancer. The company has collaboration and licensing agreements in place with Vedantra Pharmaceuticals, Apexigen, CRISPR Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, the Broad Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital. Source: Neon Therapeutics In May 2018, Neon announced that it had treated its first patient in a Phase I clinical trial evaluating its proprietary personal neoantigen vaccine, NEO-PV-01, in combination with Merck’s Keytruda (anti PD-1 therapy) and a chemotherapy regimen of pemetrexed and carboplatin in patients with untreated or advanced metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC. The trial is being conducted in collaboration with Merck. In addition to evaluating the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of the combination therapy, the trial will assess neoantigen-specific immune responses in peripheral blood and tumor tissue, and other markers of immune response. Treating our first patient in this clinical study marks an important milestone for Neon. We see a strong mechanistic rationale to explore the combination and sequence of a personal neoantigen cancer vaccine, anti-PD-1 therapy and chemotherapy. These data will help us understand the potential of NEO-PV-01 to improve durability and response rates of patients treated in combination with existing immuno-oncology drugs. – Richard Gaynor, M.D., president of research and development at Neon Therapeutics.

We can't wait for the Academy Awards this Sunday! While we definitely have our own predictions on who the winners will be, regardless of who is victorious, it's always an incredible night for Hollywood A-listers and movie buffs watching at home. From kissing their awards to smooching their costars, there's no better time to remember the love in the Oscar press room from years past.

Regular Exercise and Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Elders in Northern Taiwan. According to World Health Organization, depressive disorder will be a Top 2 disease in the world by 2020. In light of Taiwan's rapidly increasing elderly population, elderly psychological health is expected to become an increasingly important issue in healthcare. This study examines the association between regular exercise and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults by gender in northern Taiwan. The participants were selected using a probability-proportional-to-size procedure from community-dwelling adults who were aged 65 years or older and living in northern Taiwan. A cross-sectional study and interviews were used to collect information about their exercise behaviors, depressive symptoms, and the factors influencing the depressive symptoms. Percentage, chi-square, t test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. One thousand twenty elderly individuals completed the questionnaires. Among the participants with the average age of 73.5 years, 44.5% were men, and 55.5% were women. Two hundred seventeen of the participants (21.3%) had depressive symptoms. Five hundred eighty-five of the participants (57.4%) exercised regularly. The result of logistic regression showed that regular exercise was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms in elderly individuals (odds ratio = 3.54, 95% confidence interval [1.76, 7.12]). Other factors such as gender, chronicle diseases, and health status were not related to depressive symptoms. Moreover, both for male and female individuals, regular exercise was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms (odds ratio = 4.76, 95% confidence interval [1.65, 13.72] and odds ratio = 3.03, 95% confidence interval [1.18, 7.69], respectively). Other factors were not related to depressive symptoms. This study shows regular exercise to be a significant predictor of depressive symptoms in both men and women. Therefore, senior citizens should be encouragedto exercise regularly as a way to promote good mental health.

President Trump demanded Friday that Democrats approve a wall along the border with Mexico and other programs to tighten immigration before he supports a program designed to protect young people brought into the country illegally as children – all while promoting his agenda and attacking political critics on Twitter. "The Democrats have been told, and fully understand, that there can be no DACA without the desperately needed WALL at the Southern Border and an END to the horrible Chain Migration & ridiculous Lottery System of Immigration etc. We must protect our Country at all cost!" Trump said during a wide-ranging tweet storm. DACA refers to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, which protected hundreds of thousands of young people brought into the country illegally by their parents – a program Trump has vowed to end after March 1 unless Congress approves new border enforcement issues. Democrats say ending DACA will lead to deportations of productive young people. They also say Trump's proposed wall along the U.S.-Mexico border will do nothing to stop illegal immigration while programs targeted by Trump are tightly scrutinized to weed out criminals and terrorism suspects. During his serial set of tweets, Trump also went after the postal service – and Amazon. "Why is the United States Post Office, which is losing many billions of dollars a year, while charging Amazon and others so little to deliver their packages, making Amazon richer and the Post Office dumber and poorer?" Trump said. "Should be charging MUCH MORE!" Trump did not provide an economic analysis of his post office complaint, but it is worth noting that Amazon was created by Jeff Bezos – who also just happens to own The Washington Post, a frequent target of Trump complaints about the media. The president also defended his time in office by re-tweeting tributes from Charlie Kirk, founder and executive director of the conservative group Turning Point USA, who cited the recently signed tax cuts, de-regulation efforts, judicial appointments, and the fight against and the Islamic State. Trump's morning Twitterstorm also complained about news coverage, this time regarding his low approval ratings. "While the Fake News loves to talk about my so-called low approval rating, @foxandfriends just showed that my rating on Dec. 28, 2017, was approximately the same as President Obama on Dec. 28, 2009, which was 47%...and this despite massive negative Trump coverage & Russia hoax!" the president said. Yet that is just one poll – others have Trump's approval rating in the low 40s or 30s. The Real Clear Politics website average on Friday had Trump's ratings at 39.3% approve and 56.2% disapprove. On this date in 2009, during Obama's first year in office, the site put Obama at a 49.9% average approval rating and a 44.5% disapproval rating.

Cookies on the PFS website By using and browsing the PFS website, you consent to cookies being used in accordance with our policy. If you do not consent, you are always free to disable cookies if your browser permits, although doing so may interfere with your use of some of our sites or services. Find out more » Beneficiaries' rights to trust information Barbara Gardener Bio: Recently we looked at a novel way some trust beneficiaries had sought to obtain information from the trustees, using the Data Protection Act. We also mentioned a recent case which was decided since this topic was last considered in these articles in 2015. This month we consider this case in more detail and we will also set out the key rules on what the rights of beneficiaries and corresponding obligations of trustees are in this respect. The right to see trust accounts The case in question was RNLI and others v Headley and McCole [2016] EWHC 1948 (Ch). The facts of the case Mrs Farmer died in 1996 and her Will created two life interests for adult beneficiaries – her son and daughter-in-law, with up to ten named charities benefitting in remainder. The Will nominated as executors John Headley and Kevin McCole, both solicitors at the law firm Headleys. The estate was worth about £145,000. One of the life tenants is still alive, so the charities' interests have not yet fallen into possession. Over the years the charities made numerous requests for information about the trust and a set of provisional accounts was sent to some of them in 2007, but that was the last they ever heard from the firm for many years. In 2014, five of the charities instructed a firm of solicitors to act for them and they in turn managed to contact Headleys by phone, but did not receive the information they sought. After several more requests for information the charities issued proceedings against the trustees. As it turned out, one of the trustees had previously died so the case was against the surviving co-trustee, McCole, who in the event failed to appear or present a defence, so the judge had to consider the case on the claimants’ evidence. The argument and the decision The charities argued, apparently quoting the 1998 case of Armitage v Nurse, that 'Every beneficiary is entitled to see the trust accounts, whether his interest is in possession or not.' They also quoted Schmidt v Rosewood Trust to assert that trust accounts and other documents must be disclosed to all beneficiaries on demand, save in exceptional circumstances. Needless to say nothing is quite so straightforward. We previously considered the 2003 decision by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in Schmidt -v- Rosewood Trust Ltd (2003) WLR565 back in 2015. Briefly, the judges in that case decided that it was within the Court’s discretion to decide whether a beneficiary with only a remote or defeasible interest had any rights to see documents at all and, if so, then what classes of document should be disclosed, either completely or in a redacted form; and what safeguards should be imposed to limit the use which might be made of the documents or information disclosed under the order of the Court. In the present case the judge did not accept the charities’ claims in their entirety, preferring the view that disclosure must depend on 'what is needed in the circumstances for the beneficiaries to appreciate, verify and if need be vindicate their own rights against the trustees in respect of the administration of the trust' which will vary according to the facts of the case. The judge noted that the charities ' remainder interest had not yet crystallised and therefore they had no basis to demand information about trust income that was payable to the life tenant. However, he agreed that the charities did have a right to see accounts of capital, lists of investments and a breakdown of trustees' fees and expenditure in as far as the trustees have deducted these sums from trust capital. Finding the trustees to be in breach of duty, the judge made an order requiring these accounts to be disclosed to the charities. He also ordered the surviving trustee to pay the claimant charities' costs, approximately £8,000, in full, without the right to claim them back from the trust estate. The decision is therefore also a warning to trustees that they may end up being personally liable for failing to provide the requested information. So where does that leave us? The implications for trustees and beneficiaries. Here are some key points to bear in mind whether you are a trustee or a beneficiary. Beneficiaries with fixed rights under a trust have more rights to information than those under discretionary trusts. Certain beneficiaries must be provided with information as of right – e.g. a life tenant about the trust income they are entitled to. A life tenant under a qualifying interest in possession trust must be told about the value of the trust estate that falls into their estate for IHT purposes. Beneficiaries with fixed or contingent but defined rights (e.g. entitlement to capital at certain age or following the death of a life tenant) have a right to know that a trust exists and what their interests are. Generally speaking the trust document and other documents appointing/retiring trustees or changing/adding assets are disclosable to a beneficiary. However, if the right of a particular individual depends solely on the trustees´ discretion, there may be no right to receive any information until the person in question becomes a “real potential” beneficiary. Generally the trust accounts are also disclosable to a beneficiary but access may be restricted depending on the nature of the beneficiary’s interest. As shown in the above case a trustee is only obliged to provide the information needed by the particular beneficiary to appreciate their own rights against the trustee in respect of the administration of the trust; it is not necessary to go beyond this. Other documents, such as the settlor’s letter of wishes in relation to the trust, documents about the exercise of powers and discretions, and legal advice obtained by the trustees, generally need not be disclosed. If trustees receive a request for information from a beneficiary, they need to consider it carefully and only refuse a request if they are certain that this is in their power, bearing in mind that a beneficiary may apply to the Court and the trustees may find themselves personally liable for any costs. If in doubt the trustees may also apply to the Court for direction. COMMENT Some further clarification of what information and which beneficiaries are entitled to it is welcome as well as the warning to trustees to take beneficiaries’ requests seriously. It has been noted in recent years that there has been an increase in litigation brought by charities; indeed some have been criticised for being too aggressive. A potential action by a remainder beneficiary, be it a charity or not, is something to consider by any person making a Will or indeed a lifetime trust. A letter of wishes from the testator/settlor will always be an extremely useful tool for the trustees to use. Another issue is the form of Will drafting where charities are to benefit, with some, supposedly simple, provisions causing all kinds of problems. This is something we will look at next month. Tagged as: This document is believed to be accurate but is not intended as a basis of knowledge upon which advice can be given. Neither the author (personal or corporate) nor the CII Group, nor any CII Local Institute, faculty or society nor any of the officers or employees of those organisations accept any responsibility for any loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of the data or opinions included in this material. Any opinions expressed are those of the author or authors and not necessarily those of the CII Group, its Local Institutes, faculties or societies.

Fools' Gold Found to Regulate Oxygen Jul 23, 2012 As sulfur cycles through Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land, it undergoes chemical changes that are often coupled to changes in other such elements as carbon and oxygen. Although this affects the concentration of free oxygen, sulfur has traditionally been portrayed as a secondary factor in regulating atmospheric oxygen, with most of the heavy lifting done by carbon. However, new findings that appeared this week in Science suggest that sulfur's role may have been underestimated. Drs. Itay Halevy of the Weizmann Institute's Environmental Science and Energy Research Department (Faculty of Chemistry), Shanan Peters of the University of Wisconsin and Woodward Fischer of the California Institute of Technology, were interested in better understanding the global sulfur cycle over the last 550 million years – roughly the period in which oxygen has been at its present atmospheric level of around 20%. They used a database developed and maintained by Peters at the University of Wisconsin, called Macrostrat, which contains detailed information on thousands of rock units in North America and beyond. The researchers used the database to trace one of the ways in which sulfur exits ocean water into the underlying sediments – the formation of so-called sulfate evaporite minerals. These sulfur-bearing minerals, such as gypsum, settle to the bottom of shallow seas as seawater evaporates. The team found that the formation and burial of sulfate evaporites were highly variable over the last 550 million years, due to changes in shallow sea area, the latitude of ancient continents and sea level. More surprising to Halevy and colleagues was the discovery that only a relatively small fraction of the sulfur cycling through the oceans has exited seawater in this way. Their research showed that the formation and burial of a second sulfur-bearing mineral – pyrite – has apparently been much more important. Pyrite is an iron-sulfur mineral (also known as fools' gold), which forms when microbes in seafloor sediments use the sulfur dissolved in seawater to digest organic matter. The microbes take up sulfur in the form of sulfate (bound to four oxygen atoms) and release it as sulfide (with no oxygen). Oxygen is released during this process, thus making it a source of oxygen in the air. But because this part of the sulfur cycle was thought be minor in comparison to sulfate evaporite burial, (which does not release oxygen) its effect on oxygen levels was also thought to be unimportant. In testing various theoretical models of the sulfur cycle against the Macrostrat data, the team realized that the production and burial of pyrite has been much more significant than previously thought, accounting for more than 80% of all sulfur removed from the ocean (rather than the 30-40% in prior estimates). As opposed to the variability they saw for sulfate evaporite burial, pyrite burial has been relatively stable throughout the period. The analysis also revealed that most of the sulfur entering the ocean washed in from the weathering of pyrite exposed on land. In other words, there is a balance between pyrite formation and burial, which releases oxygen, and the weathering of pyrite on land, which consumes it. The implication of these findings is that the sulfur cycle regulates the atmospheric concentration of oxygen more strongly than previously appreciated.