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What is wine? | closed_qa | Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are major factors in different styles of wine. These differences result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the grape's growing environment (terroir), and the wine production process. Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine. These typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes, as well as other aspects of wine production. Wines can be made by fermentation of other fruit crops such as plum, cherry, pomegranate, blueberry, currant and elderberry. | Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. |
Are the following items candy bars or gum: trident, Twix, hubba bubba, snickers, three musketeers, and wrigleys. | classification | Three musketeers, Twix, and snickers are candy bars, and trident, hubba bubba, and wrigleys are gum. |
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What's the relation between the Kushan Empire and the Sassanid Empire in Iran? | information_extraction | The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of modern-day territory of Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. The Sasanian or Sassanid Empire officially known as Eranshahr was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th–8th centuries AD. Named after the House of Sasan, it endured for over four centuries, from 224 to 651 AD, making it the longest-lived Persian imperial dynasty.[ | Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom (also called Kushanshahs, or Koshano Shao in Bactrian, or Indo-Sasanians) is a historiographic term used by modern scholars to refer to a branch of the Sasanian Persians who established their rule in Bactria during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE at the expense of the declining Kushans. They captured the provinces of Sogdiana, Bactria and Gandhara from the Kushans in 225 CE. The Sasanians established governors for the Sasanian Empire, who minted their own coinage and took the title of Kushanshas, i.e. "Kings of the Kushans". They are sometimes considered as forming a "sub-kingdom" inside the Sassanid Empire. |
Give me a list of things that pose a challenge to cryptos | brainstorming | 1) Crypto is an invention that has yet to find a real life purpose. Bitcoin narrative has changed from a peer to peer payment processor to now being store of value.
2) Crypto also is banned in several countries. That is a challenge with wider adoption
3) Crypto is also bound to a regulatory event that could bring it to grinding halt
4) There's also a growing concern around energy consumption of them mining rigs.
5) In recent events, the demise of major crypto exchange like FTX has also lead to poor optics |
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What is the meaning of life? | general_qa | Although it is a deep question that has challenged philosophers for all time, Douglas Adams in his book "The Hitchhicker's Guide to the Universe" humorously states that the answer is "42". |
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Classify the below characters based on whether they are created by Marvel comics or D.C. comics
Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman | classification | DC- Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman
Marvel- Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange |
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Why are we like aquariums? | general_qa | Aquariums, like zoos, provide fun-filled leisure and entertainment activities that double-up as centres for animal rescue, care and rehabilitation, scientific research, education and conservation. |
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Give me a bulleted list of countries that start with the letter B. | brainstorming | - Botswana
- Bulgaria
- Brazil
- Bolivia
- Belgium
- Bahrain
- Bahamas |
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Explain how new technologies, like LLMs and ChatGPT, may revolutionize Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) in the future. Provide an example of how these APIs might work. | creative_writing | As a kid, I loved watching the Jetsons. As I grew older and ended up writing software and creating & implementing architectures for systems, I thought I would never see the day when a Jetsons-like kitchen would be feasible.
GPT (ChatGPT, etc.) has changed my mind.
Contractual Obligations
As an architect, you kind of need to think like a lawyer. You define contracts (APIs) between systems or components. You monitor those APIs for abuse or misuse.
I would use Swagger editor to define those contracts, and I would write the APIs to match interactions implied in mock-ups. I would vet the design with the team, I would walk through scenarios to see if the API would fit the use case and would not introduce performance bottlenecks, and I would simulate and automate as much as I could along the journey.
I was very careful to get it right the first time. It was never perfect the first time, of course. So, I also had to consider how the API could evolve while minimizing costs/impact to the rest of the system. The API, once deployed, would become something I would guard, like an honest politician guards the #usconstitution. The team had to be careful with any change that impacted the API.
API Mesh... More like API mess!
APIs rely on APIs which rely on more APIs and libraries. Once a system gets large enough, that complexity becomes a bottleneck. Small changes can have a huge ripple effect. Some approaches (like federated #GraphQL) help manage this complexity nicely. But it still involves an API under which there can exist a lot of fragility. #Agile or not, developing a complicated web of APIs is complex, requires specialized skills, and is full of unforeseen challenges.
The Kitchen Conversation, ChatGPT-style
The Jetsons' kitchen involves a number of systems, each composed of various parts, sensors, hardware, inputs and outputs. Considering the complexity of interactions between independent systems in a kitchen, the fact that the Jetsons' kitchen components would come from various vendors or manufacturers, traditional API design would not be able to fulfill the vision. Not practical, at all.
Now, let's think about APIs and the Jetsons' kitchen, #chatgpt -style.
Let's keep it simple: pizza. You (or your robot) make a pizza from scratch.
The oven asks the refrigerator: "I see we have a pizza. Can you tell me if this is low-moisture mozzarella?"
Refrigerator: "That's not even mozzarella. This pizza must have Muenster cheese as that is all I had in me. And the human removed some of the contents 30 minutes ago, so the probability of Muenster cheese on that pizza is quite high."
A sensor from the kitchen who has eyes across the room chimes in at this point. Sensor: "Beware that the crust of this pizza is made of cauliflower. I agree with the video sensor's assessment regarding the type of cheese. No new cheese entered the kitchen recently."
Oven: "Anything else I should know?"
Sensor: "The temperature of the dough is 47F. This is cooler than the expert chef consensus of using room-temperature dough."
Oven: "Great. I know what to do. Since the dough is cool, I will start cooking with a temperature a little lower than the recipe specifies. Then I will increase the temp of bottom element so as to provide a nice crisp crust. I will keep a close eye on moisture and may use convection to mitigate any undesirable levels of moisture."
Where is the API that contractually binds the independent systems? APIs are not gone. For instance, the brain of the Oven will have myriad APIs (e.g. for interacting with temperature controllers and sensors, etc.). The key here is that the interface between systems is no longer a fixed, rigid API. No method signatures, no paths, no payload specifications. Instead, a conversation relating to senses and capabilities.
What "brain"?
Kence Anderson's book Designing Autonomous AI describes nicely how a complex system can be decomposed into a number of independent "brains." Each brain, in his book, can be independently developed and refined, with human guidance married with #datascience, #machinelearning and #dataengineering.
What's Cookin'?
I am excited for what the future holds. How architects rethink complex system design with regards to APIs is, in my opinion, something that is inevitable. And, as an amateur pizza maker, my taste buds are watering for the day I get some GPT help to make an even better #detroitpizza. |
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Who are some of the most successful golfers in history? | open_qa | Sam Snead, Tiger Woods, and Jack Nicklaus are the most successful golfers of all time with the top three most major championship wins. |
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Which is a bird or fish: Red-throated diver, Redlip blenny | classification | Redlip blenny is a fish, Red-throated diver is a bird |
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Which types of fish contain the lowest levels of mercury? | open_qa | The following types of fish contain low levels of mercury: salmon, flounder, Atlantic mackerel, anchovies, pollock, catfish, and shellfish (e.g., clams, scallops, mussels). |
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How do you make an iced matcha latter? | open_qa | You will need 1-2 teaspoons of matcha powder, milk of your choice, 1 cup of hot water, and ice. In a cup or bowl, you will add your match powder and pour your hot water into it and use a whisk until the matcha powder is well incorporated, which should create a paste like consistency. Then you will take a glass and pour in your ice and milk and your matcha paste on top and stir. |
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What is world of warcraft | general_qa | World of warcraft is a massive online multi player role playing game. It was released in 2004 by bizarre entertainment |
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What is the best swimming form? | general_qa | It is hard to say what is the best swimming form as everyone's body may be more acclimated to a certain form. One of the most standard forms of swimming that works for most people is the breast stroke. |
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Which is the best place to Kayak in Austin? | open_qa | Lady Bird Lake in Austin downtown is revered to be the best place to go Kayaking. Paddlers can choose to head west from the Rowing Dock to take in nature views. But a small paddle down the river to the east will greet paddlers to magnificent downtown skyline views. |
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Who is the best men's test cricket player to have come from New Zealand? | general_qa | Despite a rich cricket tradition in New Zealand, the country only became a test playing nation during the season of 1929/30, when the MCC toured the country playing 4 tests. Australia, the nearest test playing country to New Zealand, refused to grant Test status to any games played between the two nations until well after World War 2. This lack of test opportunities led to a now common path of talented New Zealanders moving off shore for the chance to play test cricket- most notably in the pre WWII period of Clarrie Grimmet, who took over 200 test wickets playing for Australia. Since then, Andrew Caddick (234 test wickets at an average of 29.91) and Ben Stokes (5000+ test runs and 196 test wickets) have played leading roles for England in tests.
If however we define the question as "the best test cricket player to have played for New Zealand", then there are perhaps only 3 or 4 candidates that feature. Of the current generation, there is no doubt that Kane Williamson will one day be regarded as the greatest player to have come from New Zealand- with over 8000 test runs at an average north of 50. With many years in front of him, Williamson will no doubt hold the crown of best test cricketer in years to come.
Martin Crowe must likewise be regarded in the pantheon of test greats to have played for New Zealand- despite a slow start to his career, and injuries curtailing his time in the team, he amassed over 5000 runs at an average of over 45.
However, most will agree that the most influential cricketer ever to play test cricket for New Zealand was Sir Richard Hadlee- the first cricketer to be knighted whilst still playing cricket for his country. Hadlee's bowling average of 22.29 is one of best in test cricket history, and at the time of his retirement he held the record for test wickets, at 431. Gaining 5 wickets in an innings 36 times was also a record, and led New Zealand to some of it's most famous test victories, notably victory in a series in Australia for the first time in 1985/86, with his best test figures of 15 for 123 coming in the first test at the Gabba. Added to his bowling, his destructive lower order batting made his one of the preeminent all rounders of the game., and truly NZ's best test cricketer. |
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What is the winter weather like in Salt Lake City, Utah? | general_qa | Some years, Utah has massive amounts of snow, up to 700 inches at some ski resorts. Other years, Utah has little precipitation. Often temperatures are just below or just above freezing during winter months. |
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Whats the difference between a bass guitar and a regular guitar? | open_qa | There are a few significant differences between a bass guitar and a regular guitar. A bass guitar typically has 4 strings (though it can have more), is larger in body & neck, and has higher string gauges (string thickness). A bass guitar is used for keeping the band on track by keeping the rhythm and hitting the root notes of the chords.
A regular guitar typically has 6 strings, and can be used for a wider variety of purposes. These include keeping the rhythm with chords, playing foundational riffs, or improvisational solos for instrumental layering. The regular guitarists are almost always the more well-known of the two. |
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What is a Gross domestic product (GDP)? | open_qa | Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold in a specific time period by a country or countries, generally "without double counting the intermediate goods and services used up to produce them". GDP is most often used by the government of a single country to measure its economic health. Due to its complex and subjective nature, this measure is often revised before being considered a reliable indicator. GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore, using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) may be more useful when comparing living standards between nations, while nominal GDP is more useful comparing national economies on the international market. Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of each industry or sector of the economy. The ratio of GDP to the total population of the region is the per capita GDP (also called the Mean Standard of Living). |
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What is the last festival celebrated in Tihar and how long does the festival last? | closed_qa | Lakshmi Puja is celebrated as a part of Tihar, a second national festival of Nepal after Dashain. In Nepal, it is celebrated for five days, which include Kag (crow) Tihar; Kukur (dog) Tihar; Gai (cow) Tihar in the morning and Lakshmi Puja at night; Maha puja (self puja); Goru (Ox and Bull) Tihar and Gobardhan puja; and finally, Bhai Tika (Bhai dhooj)—respectively the first, second, third, fourth and fifth days. | The festival lasts for 5 days and Bhai Tika is the last festival. |
What event John Johnstone won as a rider? | closed_qa | John Johnstone (1881-1935) was a British businessman and rider. He was the tai-pan of the Jardine, Matheson & Co., member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong.
He was the head of the Jardine, Matheson & Co. as well as director of numerous companies. He was member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.
He was a keen rider and bore the reputation of being the best rider East of the Suez. He succeeded in winning the Jockey Cup on a pony named Ben-y-Gloe belonging to C. H. Ross, the former tai-pan of Jardines when he first went to Hong Kong in 1903. In 1904, he won the Professional Cup on a pony named Runaway Girl, purchased from W. A. Cruickshank. From 1903 to 1919, he rode in 1,178 races, winning 334, securing 192 seconds and 186 thirds, being unplaced 466 times, excluding the record of minor events such as Off Days or Gymkhanas. He won 14 Grand Nationals in China, and at one meeting in Hong Kong rode in 30 races winning 16 of them. He was also the President of the St. Andrew's Society.
He left Hong Kong on 31 March 1921 for home by the Empress of Asia.
In 1928 he won The Foxhunters Cup at Cheltenham riding Rathpatrick and officiated as steward at several of the northern meetings. He died at the Cheltenham meeting in 1935 where he was officiating. | John Johnstone won the Jockey Cup on a horse named Ben-y-Gloe. |
What are the careers of your dream? | brainstorming | Professional Baseball Player, astronaut, president of the United States, actor, singer, CEO of major tech company, fighter pilot, nascar driver, artist |
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Let's imagine I create a fake currency called Yarns with two types of coins: a super-yarn (worth 10 yarns) and a mini-yarn (worth 0.5 yarn). How much money do I have in total if I have 2 super-yarns and three mini-yarns? | open_qa | Given that a super-yarn is worth 10 yarns and a mini-yarn is worth 0.5 yarn, if you have 2 super-yarns and 3 mini-yarns you have 21.5 yarns in total. |
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What is a Mormon? | open_qa | A Mormon typically refers to a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The word Mormon comes from a prophet in the Book of Mormon who lived in the Americas around 300 A.D. The Book of Mormon is part of the canon of scripture that members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints use, in conjunction with the Bible and the Doctrine and Covenants. It is often viewed as a distinguishing difference between the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and other Christian denominations. Historically, this is why members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have been called Mormons. |
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What is the difference between a red delicious and a Granny Smith apple? | open_qa | A red delicious apple is red and sweet whereas a Granny Smith apple is green and tart. |
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List the Pokemon Go regions. | brainstorming | There are ten regions in Pokémon GO Kanto, Johto, Hoenn, Sinnoh, Unova, Kalos, Alola, Galar, Hisui and Paldea. Certain Pokemon originate from each region and can only be captured within that region. |
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Who do you think is the most powerful Mandalorian in Star Wars history? | open_qa | It would have be Te Ani'la Mand'alor, or also called Mandalore the Ultimate. |
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Based on the following passage summarise how sunsets are viewed from the northern hemisphere across seasons. | information_extraction | Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere.
The time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed.
Sunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky.
Locations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours. | When viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere. |
What cities should someone visit during a trip to Morocco? | general_qa | There are many wonderful cities to visit during a trip to Morocco. The decision of which cities to visit depends on the traveller's goals and interests because Morocco has something for everyone. The largest airports are in the cities of Casablanca and Marrakech, so if traveling by air, those are good cities to fly into and out of. Other cities that are popular among visitors include Fez and Tangier. Cities along the Atlantic Coast of Morocco are popular for their beaches including Agadir and Essaouira. The city of Chefchaouen is also very popular among visitors for its blue buildings. |
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Which classical composer was deaf? | open_qa | Ludwig van Beethoven |
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Who discovered the double-helix DNA structure? | open_qa | James Watson and Francis Crick identified the double-helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid in 1953. |
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Please provide a brief summary describing Canada | summarization | Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. | Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster, 1931, and culminating in the Canada Act 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Canada is a parliamentary liberal democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons and is "called upon" by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the head of state. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially bilingual (English and French) in the federal jurisdiction. It is very highly ranked in international measurements of government transparency, quality of life, economic competitiveness, innovation, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its history, economy, and culture.
A highly developed country, Canada has one of the highest nominal per capita income globally and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, NATO, G7, Group of Ten, G20, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), Commonwealth of Nations, Arctic Council, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and Organization of American States. |
Why age 27 is given so much importance specially in Music industry? | brainstorming | Several renowned music artists died at age 27 which is also sometimes referred as the "27 Club". Often times, the cause of the death is attributed to drug and alcohol abuse or some form of violence like homicide, self harm or accidents. Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Kurt Cobain and Amy Winehouse are some of the few notable personalities in music industry who died at this age. |
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What is Bollywood | open_qa | Bollywood is a movie industry based in Mumbai, India. It primarily makes movies in Hindi language. Since it was based in a city previously known as Bombay, a convenient moniker Bollywood resembling Hollywood is used to describe Hindi language film industry. |
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What are Nanotube? | open_qa | Nanotubes, often known as Carbon Nanotubes, are light, strong shapes made of Carbon atoms. Nanotubes are shaped like tiny straws with walls as thin as one carbon atom. They are considered as the strongest of any material known to man. Nanotubes have many practical uses, one of which is to make the darkest black paint. |
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Write the first paragraph of a blog post describing the appeal of Boston as a tourist destination | creative_writing | Boston is a vibrant city with a rich history, incredible architecture, and diverse culture. Its cobblestone streets, charming neighborhoods, and vibrant nightlife make it an ideal destination for visitors. From the Freedom Trail to the Boston Common, Boston offers visitors a unique experience unlike any other. From historic sites to vibrant nightlife, Boston is a great place to visit and explore. The suburbs are great too. |
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What is a secured loan? | open_qa | A secured loan is a form of debt in which the borrower pledges some asset (i.e., a car, a house) as collateral. |
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Should I have Kids? | open_qa | That is a personal question and one should think about this very carefully. Things to consider:
1. How old are you?
2. Can you afford to raise the child
3. Do you have proper healthcare
4. Do you have anyone to help you
5. Do you like kids
6. Why do you want kids |
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Give me 3 ideas for hobbies that I can recommend to somebody who is retiring. These should all be activities that require gentle movement and are not overly demanding on the body. | brainstorming | Retirement is an exciting opportunity for people to develop and cultivate their passions. Here are a few ideas you could recommend that are both gentle on the body but require some movement:
- Gardening: while this is a seasonal pursuit, deciding on which seeds to plant, nursing them through a growing season, and learning the ins and outs of the hobby can become a lifelong passion for those with a "green thumb"
- Walking and picking up trash: carry a bag and "grabber" pinchers to collect trash in your community while staying active on a walk. Rubber-tipped pinchers means you will not need to bend or stretch too far to reach, and you will be surprised how much of a difference this makes to your community members!
- Fishing: most fishing can be done from the banks of a river or lake, and is a great way to experience the calming effects of a body of water while still being physically active. Whether fly fishing or reel fishing, many people who have entered retirement find this an engaging way to engage with nature either solo or as part of a community of fisher-people. |
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Name some reasons it's great to live in Marin County, California. | brainstorming | Marin County is a great place to live for many reasons, including the beautiful scenery, the mild, pleasant weather, and the abundance of outdoor activities, while at the same time being close to San Francisco. Mountain biking on the fire trails in the hills of Marin, and climbing various hilltops is very enjoyable. There are fantastic views of the city of San Francisco, and of San Francisco Bay from many points in the county. Walking or biking the Tiburon Bike Path is also great fun. From Marin it's easy to take great day trips to nearby Napa and Sonoma counties, to enjoy their beautiful natural settings and to visit the wineries and nice restaurants. |
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Who was the first American to win a Nobel Peace? | open_qa | Theodore Roosevelt |
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What is the FA Cup? | open_qa | The Football Association Challenge Cup, more commonly known as the FA Cup, is an annual knockout football competition in men's domestic English football. First played during the 1871–72 season, it is the oldest national football competition in the world. It is organised by and named after The Football Association (The FA). Since 2015, it has been known as The Emirates FA Cup after its headline sponsor. A concurrent Women's FA Cup has been held since 1970.
The competition is open to all eligible clubs down to Level 9 of the English football league system with Level 10 clubs acting as stand-ins in the event of non-entries from above. Included in the competition are 20 professional clubs in the Premier League (level 1), 72 professional clubs in the English Football League (levels 2 to 4), and all clubs in steps 1–5 of the National League System (levels 5 to 9) as well as a tiny number of step 6 clubs acting as stand-ins for non-entries above. A record 763 clubs competed in 2011–12. The tournament consists of 12 randomly drawn rounds followed by the semi-finals and the final. Entrants are not seeded, although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds – the minimum number of games needed to win, depending on which round a team enters the competition, ranges from six to fourteen.
The first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition, from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper, meeting the first of the 48 professional teams from Leagues One and Two. The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs, into the draw for the Third Round Proper. In the modern era, only one non-League team has ever reached the quarter-finals, and teams below Level 2 have never reached the final. As a result, significant focus is given to the smaller teams who progress furthest, especially if they achieve an unlikely "giant-killing" victory.
Winners receive the FA Cup trophy, of which there have been two designs and five actual cups; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911. Winners also qualify for the UEFA Europa League and a place in the upcoming FA Community Shield. Arsenal are the most successful club with fourteen titles and Arsène Wenger is the most successful manager in the history of the competition, having won seven finals as Arsenal's manager.
Liverpool are the current holders, having beaten Chelsea 6–5 on penalties following a 0–0 draw in the 2022 final. |
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Are Schindler elevators safe | summarization | Schindler Holding Ltd. is a Swiss multinational company which manufactures escalators, moving walkways, and elevators worldwide, founded in Switzerland in 1874. Schindler produces, installs, maintains and modernizes lifts and escalators in many types of buildings including residential, commercial and high-rise buildings.
The company is present in over 140 countries and employs more than 66,000 people worldwide. The production facilities are located in Brazil, China, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, India and the United States. All operations and subsidiaries of Schindler Group are organised into Schindler Holding Ltd. (German: Schindler Holding AG, French: Schindler Holding S.A.), which is publicly traded on SIX Swiss Exchange. | Schindler Holding Ltd. is a Swiss multinational company which manufactures escalators, moving walkways, and elevators worldwide, founded in Switzerland in 1874. Schindler produces, installs, maintains and modernizes lifts and escalators in many types of buildings including residential, commercial and high-rise buildings.
The company is present in over 140 countries and employs more than 66,000 people worldwide. The production facilities are located in Brazil, China, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, India and the United States. All operations and subsidiaries of Schindler Group are organised into Schindler Holding Ltd., which is publicly traded on SIX Swiss Exchange. |
What are the 4 oceans on earth | open_qa | Atlantic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean |
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Did Harry Potter put his own name in the goblet of fire? | open_qa | Harry did not put his own name in the goblet of fire. Barty Crouch Junior, using polyjuice potion to disguise himself as Alistair Moody, put Harry's name in the goblet of fire as part of his plan to deliver Harry into Lord Voldemort's hands. |
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Why does it help to focus on the breath when practicing mindfulness? | general_qa | The art of meditation, which is another name for the practice of mindfulness, is all about being in the present. In other words, cultivating an awareness of what is happening in the present moment. This is done by quietening the mind of all the random thoughts that are being continuously generated, and having the senses alerted to the signals that are being passed in the moment. The signals are the sensations or emotions or sounds that one is feeling and hearing in the present moment. To accomplish this, the breath serves as an anchor to the present moment. Being aware of one's breath keeps us in the present moment. When the mind eventually wanders, the breath is a signal to tune back into the present moment. The breath is always with us and can be found in an instant. |
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What's the best way to learn how to snowboard? | general_qa | There are many options available to learn how to snowboard. You can seek out professional lessons from an instructor, often available at your local ski resort. You can also read articles online, or watch online videos from professional instructors. Another option would be to get lessons from a friend who's snowboarded for a long time. While this can be an easy and inexpensive option, it may not be as effective as learning from a professional. Friends who snowboard may know how to snowboard well, but, they may not be great instructors. Plus, it's often easy to get frustrated with people you know really well. You can avoid those headaches by getting a professional lesson. It will reduce your stress level and likely make you a better snowboarder in a shorter period of time. Have fun on the slopes and stay safe! |
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What was Angie Thomas's first published novel? | open_qa | "The Hate U Give" which was released in 2017 and debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list. |
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Based on this paragraph, how many younger siblings did Kennedy have? | closed_qa | Kennedy was born on February 22, 1932, at St. Margaret's Hospital in the Dorchester section of Boston, Massachusetts. He was the youngest of the nine children of Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald, members of prominent Irish American families in Boston. They constituted one of the wealthiest families in the nation after their marriage. His eight siblings were Joseph Jr., John, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, and Jean. His older brother John asked to be the newborn's godfather, a request his parents honored, though they did not agree to his request to name the baby George Washington Kennedy (Ted was born on President George Washington's 200th birthday). They named the boy after their father's assistant. | Based on this paragraph, Kennedy had no younger siblings, as he was the youngest of nine children. |
What are some of the common elements of visual design? | information_extraction | Design elements are the basic units of any visual design which form its structure and convey visual messages. Painter and design theorist Maitland E. Graves (1902-1978), who attempted to gestate the fundamental principles of aesthetic order in visual design, in his book, The Art of Color and Design (1941), defined the elements of design as line, direction, shape, size, texture, value, and color, concluding that "these elements are the materials from which all designs are built." | Line, shape, size, texture, color and direction are some of the common visual design elements. |
What is the difference between a shrub and a tree? | open_qa | Some biologists maintain that there is no genetic difference between shrubs and trees - some species may have expressions in tree form and shrub form. Other scientists believe that the physical form is essential and that shrubs are distinct from trees. |
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As an expert skier, what are the top resorts in the US to go skiing? | classification | There are many ski resorts in the United States that offer challenging terrain for expert level skiers. Som of the top resorts are: Big Sky, Jackson Hole, Pallisades, Crested Butte, Telluride, and Silverthorn |
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Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Hulk, Spectre | classification | Spectre is DC, Hulk is Marvel |
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Extract why Tim Lincecum was called "The Freak" | information_extraction | Timothy Leroy Lincecum (/ˈlɪnsəkʌm/ LIN-sə-kum; born June 15, 1984), nicknamed "The Freak", "The Franchise", "The Freaky Franchise" and "Big Time Timmy Jim", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants (2007 to 2015) and Los Angeles Angels (2016). A two-time Cy Young Award winner, Lincecum helped the Giants win three World Series championships from 2010 through 2014. | Nicknamed "The Freak" for his ability to generate powerful pitches despite his slight physique (5 feet 11 inches, 170 pounds), the power pitcher led the National League in strikeouts for three consecutive years in a span from 2008 to 2010. He also led the league in shutouts in 2009 and won the Babe Ruth Award in 2010 as the most valuable player of the MLB postseason. Lincecum won consecutive Cy Young Awards in 2008 and 2009, becoming the first MLB pitcher to win the award in his first two full seasons. He also appeared in four consecutive All-Star Games from 2008 through 2011 and pitched no-hitters in 2013 and 2014. |
Which players won the men's singles grand slam tennis tournaments in 2022. | open_qa | The following players won the men's singles grand slam tennis tournaments in 2022:
- Rafael Nadal won the Australian Open and the French Open
- Novak Djokovic won Wimbledon
- Carlos Alcaraz won the US Open |
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Can you tell me something about Stanley J. Goldberg | closed_qa | Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.
Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985.
In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties. | Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.
Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court.
He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985.
In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties. |
Please summarize the causes and cure for color blindness given in the passage? | summarization | The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited problem or variation in the functionality of one or more of the three classes of cone cells in the retina, which mediate color vision. The most common form is caused by a genetic disorder called congenital red–green color blindness. Males are more likely to be color blind than females, because the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome. Non-color-blind females can carry genes for color blindness and pass them on to their children. Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, the optic nerve, or parts of the brain. Screening for color blindness is typically done with the Ishihara color test.
There is no cure for color blindness. Diagnosis may allow an individual, or their parents/teachers to actively accommodate the condition. Special lenses such as EnChroma glasses or X-chrom contact lenses may help people with red–green color blindness at some color tasks, but they do not grant the wearer "normal color vision". Mobile apps can help people identify colors. | The most common cause of color blindness is genetic disorder. Males are more likely to be color blind than females, because the genes responsible for the same are present on the X chromosome. Females who are non-color blind could still carry and pass on genes for color blindness. Any kind of physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve or brain could also lead to the same.
There is no cure for color blindness. Affected people can actively accommodate the condition or use special glasses or lenses that can help people with red-green color blindness to a certain extent. There are mobile apps available as well to help identify colors. |
How can I improve my finances? | brainstorming | Determine your short and long term financial goals.
Create a budget based on your total income, necessary, and discretionary expenses.
Pay down high interest debt first, such as credit card debt.
Pay off your credit cards in full each month.
Create an emergency fund that covers 3-6 months of expenses.
Max out your 401K contributions every year.
Use a high interest savings account instead of saving money with a traditional bank so you don't lose money due to inflation.
Create a diversified investment account.
Hire a financial planner to manage your assets.
Turn a hobby into a second job and earn passive income.
Reduce temptations to overspend by setting up an automatic transfer from your paycheck into a savings account. |
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What is Zenthoefer Furs | summarization | Zenthoefer Furs were an amateur U.S. soccer club which played in St. Louis, Missouri during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
They had played as a junior squad named Schumachers in the 1947-48 season where they fell short of national honors when they lost in the final round of the National Junior Cup to Lighthouse Boys of Philadelphia. The Zenthoefers turned senior the next season. Under the guidance of manager George E. McGann they made their way to the 1949 National Amateur Cup final losing to SC Elizabeth by a 6-1 score. They also lost to the Chicago Polish-Americans 5-1 in the 1949 National Challenge Cup quarterfinals. In 1951, they won the St. Louis Major League by ten points over St. Louis Simpkins-Ford. In 1952, they entered the American Soccer League of St. Louis. | Zenthoefer Furs were an amateur U.S. soccer club which played in St. Louis, Missouri during the late 1940s and early 1950s. |
What are the three branches of the US Federal Government? | open_qa | The US Constitution divides the federal government into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. This ensures that no individual or group will have too much power. |
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When rock climbing, what is the difference between lead climbing and top rope climbing? | general_qa | The difference between lead climbing and top rope climbing has to do with the location of the rope when the climb is started. In lead climbing the rope begins at the bottom attached to the climber as well as the belayer. The climber must then bring the rope from the bottom of the route to the top by clipping into a series of quick draws that are generally placed 10-15 feet apart. If a person were to fall while lead climbing, they would be caught by the last quick draw they clipped into. When top rope climbing, the rope is already at the top of the route. This means the climber must tie into one side of the rope while their belayer must clip into the other side of the rope. As the climber ascends higher up the route the belayer must take out the slack of the rope as opposed to lead climbing where the belayer would be giving slack. When a person falls in top rope climbing they will only fall a short distance as the rope is already clipped in above them at the top of the route, so how far they fall will be determined by how much slack the belayer has not taken in. |
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Which is a species of fish? Mola mola or Molar | classification | Mola mola |
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Imagine a world where life expectancy is fixed and the same for everyone at birth, yet people can engage in life expectancy "donation" – meaning that someone can extend your life three years longer at the expense of theirs. Talk about a likely scenario in this world that involves manipulated, coerced donation. | creative_writing | Those with power and money could lure the underprivileged groups into "donating" their life expectancy in exchange for a better future. Assuming that illnesses are still not eradicated, another scenario involving coerced donation could be those in control of the medications force the patients to cut their life short in order to get treated. |
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What makes a good sales account executive? | general_qa | A good Sales account executive will be able to multi-task, manage customer engagement activity for multiple teams, and expand relationships within a customer account by sharing the value proposition of the Company. |
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Which of the following are colors: red, black, yellow, orange, sun, sunflower, chips, book, white, pink, blue, keyboard. | classification | The colors are: red, black, yellow, orange, white, pink and blue. |
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Think up some openings for beginners to the game of Chess | creative_writing | Chess openings are the most important part of the game, there are some advanced ones, some common ones, and some easy ones. This is a list of openings for beginners to the game:
- The King's Pawn Opening: This is a very common opening, you move your king's pawn 2 spaces forward, so does the opponent. This is followed by developing your knights.
- The Fianchetto defense. You move your kingside knight's pawn forward 1 space, then you develop the kingside knight. You then put your kingside bishop in the square that the pawn used to be in, followed by castling. This opening is common among lower ranked players.
- Four Knights Game: This doesn’t happen too much. Both sides start by developing their knights, the pawns take it over from there.
- The French Defense: You move your king's pawn 1 space forward, followed by developing all of your kingside pieces, and finishing by castling. |
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Give me a list of popular current artists in the EDM category. | brainstorming | Currently popular musicians in the EDM, or electronic dance music, genre of music include Illenium, 3LAU, Calvin Harris, Kaskade, and Dimitri Vegas. |
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Which sports would be easiest to find success in if you’re not tall: baseball, soccer, basketball, bowling. | classification | Soccer and bowling would be the two easiest sports in this list to succeed in if you’re not tall. |
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What is the appeal of Flathead Lake as a Summer vacation destination? | creative_writing | Flathead Lake is the largest natural freshwater lake West of the Mississippi in lower 48 contiguous states, with over 200 square miles of water and 185 miles of coastline. It is a beautiful lake, surrounded by the tall and impressive Mission Mountains on the east and the smaller Salish Mountains to the west. It borders several Indian reservations on the Southern end of the lake.
The lake offers an abundance of Summer activities including: sailing, boating, swimming, and camping. The lake offers excellent fishing and the fish species in the lake consist primarily of lake trout, pike, yellow perch and whitefish, with some rainbow trout, bass, and salmon. The lake trout can reach monstrous sizes, frequently exceeding twenty-pounds.
Overall, Flathead Lake is one of the premiere recreational and fishing lakes in Montana. It is popular for both fishing and pleasure boating and the sheer beauty of the lake makes it a memorable one regardless of which activity is pursued. |
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What's the difference between tennis and pickleball? | open_qa | While they are similar sports, tennis and pickleball have various difference. First, the court size for pickleball is about half the size of a tennis court. Second, pickleball is played with a ball that resembles a whiffle ball. Third, pickleball is played with paddles as opposed to rackets. Finally, the scoring system is quite different as you play for points which can only be scored when you or your team are serving. |
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What is Linux? | information_extraction | Linux (/ˈliːnʊks/ (listen) LEE-nuuks or /ˈlɪnʊks/ LIN-uuks) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name "GNU/Linux" to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy. | After AT&T had dropped out of the Multics project, the Unix operating system was conceived and implemented by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (both of AT&T Bell Laboratories) in 1969 and first released in 1970. Later they rewrote it in a new programming language, C, to make it portable. The availability and portability of Unix caused it to be widely adopted, copied and modified by academic institutions and businesses.
In 1977, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was developed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) from UC Berkeley, based on the 6th edition of Unix from AT&T. Since BSD contained Unix code that AT&T owned, AT&T filed a lawsuit (USL v. BSDi) in the early 1990s against the University of California. This strongly limited the development and adoption of BSD.
Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the first successful commercial attempt at distributing a primarily single-user microcomputer that ran a Unix operating system.
In 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU project with the goal of creating a free UNIX-like operating system. As part of this work, he wrote the GNU General Public License (GPL). By the early 1990s, there was almost enough available software to create a full operating system. However, the GNU kernel, called Hurd, failed to attract enough development effort, leaving GNU incomplete.[citation needed]
In 1985, Intel released the 80386, the first x86 microprocessor with a 32-bit instruction set and a memory management unit with paging.
In 1986, Maurice J. Bach, of AT&T Bell Labs, published The Design of the UNIX Operating System. This definitive description principally covered the System V Release 2 kernel, with some new features from Release 3 and BSD.
In 1987, MINIX, a Unix-like system intended for academic use, was released by Andrew S. Tanenbaum to exemplify the principles conveyed in his textbook, Operating Systems: Design and Implementation. While source code for the system was available, modification and redistribution were restricted. In addition, MINIX's 16-bit design was not well adapted to the 32-bit features of the increasingly cheap and popular Intel 386 architecture for personal computers. In the early nineties a commercial UNIX operating system for Intel 386 PCs was too expensive for private users.
These factors and the lack of a widely adopted, free kernel provided the impetus for Torvalds' starting his project. He has stated that if either the GNU Hurd or 386BSD kernels had been available at the time, he likely would not have written his own. |
Given a reference text about Jen Shah, what is she famous from, when was she criminally charged, what was the verdict, and when was she sentenced. | closed_qa | Shah starred on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City, which premiered in November 2020. In March 2021, she was criminally charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering and wire fraud, pleading not guilty to both charges days later. Her legal case was chronicled in the documentary film Housewife and the Shah Shocker, which premiered on Hulu in November that same year. In July 2022, Shah pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud. In January 2023, Shah was sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison. Shah began her prison sentence the following month. | Jen Shah came into the spotlight in November 2020 when The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City aired. In March 2021 she was charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering as well as wire fraud. She pled not guilty, but then come July 2022 she plead guilty to commit wire fraud. January of 2023 she was sentenced to 6.5 years in prison and her sentence began in February. |
What are the classifications of Academic Degrees? | classification | An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university. These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, usually including undergraduate degrees, master's, and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates and professional degrees. The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries there are lower-level higher education qualifications that are also titled degrees (e.g. associate degrees and foundation degrees). |
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What types of problems in government could AI be used to solve | closed_qa | The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied, with Deloitte considering that "Cognitive technologies could eventually revolutionize every facet of government operations". Mehr suggests that six types of government problems are appropriate for AI applications:
- Resource allocation - such as where administrative support is required to complete tasks more quickly.
- Large datasets - where these are too large for employees to work efficiently and multiple datasets could be combined to provide greater insights.
- Experts shortage - including where basic questions could be answered and niche issues can be learned.
- Predictable scenario - historical data makes the situation predictable.
- Procedural - repetitive tasks where inputs or outputs have a binary answer.
- Diverse data - where data takes a variety of forms (such as visual and linguistic) and needs to be summarised regularly. | The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied but some appropriate areas to consider AI applications include: Resource allocation; Large datasets; Repetitive tasks; Answering basic questions; Summarising data from multiple forms; Predicting future scenarios based on historical data. |
Why isn't multi-threading making my Python code faster? How can I fix it. | general_qa | Python restricts access to the interpreter with a Global Interpreter Lock, referred to as the GIL, for internal thread-safety requirements. Unfortunately, this design decision restricts only allows one thread to interpret Python code at a time, even on a machine with the capability to run multiple threads together.
If you wish to run Python code on a set of data, and the data can be broken up into independent segments (a process known as data partitioning), you may wish to look into the multiprocessing library in Python.
As an example, consider the function foo which takes one argument, arg1, and say you wanted to run the foo function on a number of values, say, val1, val2, and val3.
def foo(arg1):
# do something
if __name__ == '__main__':
foo(val1)
foo(val2)
foo(val3)
To have foo execute on multiple processes together, you could use the multiprocessing Pool to run multiple worker processes together:
from multiprocessing import Pool
def foo(arg1):
# do something
if __name__ == '__main__':
p = Pool()
p.map(foo, [val1, val2, val3])
The multiprocessing library also provides various other APIs for parallel programming. Would you like to know more? |
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Who is the best NBA player of all time? | open_qa | This can be discussed but it is often admitted that Michael Jordan is the best NBA player of all time. |
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Classify each as either a vodka drink or a gin drink: Screwdriver, Bloody Mary, French 75, White Russian, Gimlet, Cosmopolitan, Tom Collins, Negroni | classification | Screwdrivers, Bloody Mary's, White Russians, and Cosmopolitans are traditionally vodka cocktails, whereas French 75's, Gimlets, Tom Collins', and Negronis are traditionally gin cocktails. |
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How can I get better performance when querying a delta table? | general_qa | To get better performance when querying a delta table, there are many things you can do.
First, ensure you are using the Photon engine. The Photon engine is designed to handle high-concurrency and low-latency queries. If you are using DBSQL, Photon is included free of charge and is turned on by default.
Second, you can use different indexing techniques when writing a Delta table for better read performance. Z-ordering and bloom filters are two effective techniques when used correctly.
Third, ensure your SQL Warehouse or compute resource is appropriately sized. If you are trying to query a very large dataset from a very small warehouse, you will likely get slow query results. |
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Which coin of U.S currency has the most ridges. | open_qa | The U.S. half dollar is the winner with 150 ridges. |
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Who was the first woman to have four country albums reach No. 1 on the Billboard 200? | open_qa | Carrie Underwood. |
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From the passage provided, extract the state Lincoln was born in | information_extraction | Abraham Lincoln (/ˈlɪŋkən/ LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.
Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier, primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. In 1849, he returned to his successful law practice in central Illinois. In 1854, he was angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, and he re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the new Republican Party. He reached a national audience in the 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln ran for president in 1860, sweeping the North to gain victory. Pro-slavery elements in the South viewed his election as a threat to slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. During this time, the newly formed Confederate States of America began seizing federal military bases in the south. Just over one month after Lincoln assumed the presidency, the Confederate States attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the union. | Lincoln was born in the state of Kentucky |
What is FIFA? | summarization | The recognised international governing body of football (and associated games, such as futsal and beach soccer)[d] is FIFA. The FIFA headquarters are located in Zürich, Switzerland. Six regional confederations are associated with FIFA; these are:
Asia: Asian Football Confederation (AFC)
Africa: Confederation of African Football (CAF)
Europe: Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)
North/Central America & Caribbean: Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF)
Oceania: Oceania Football Confederation (OFC)
South America: Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (South American Football Confederation; CONMEBOL)
National associations (or national federations) oversee football within individual countries. These are generally synonymous with sovereign states (for example, the Cameroonian Football Federation in Cameroon), but also include a smaller number of associations responsible for sub-national entities or autonomous regions (for example, the Scottish Football Association in Scotland). 211 national associations are affiliated both with FIFA and with their respective continental confederations.
While FIFA is responsible for arranging competitions and most rules related to international competition, the actual Laws of the Game are set by the IFAB, where each of the UK Associations has one vote, while FIFA collectively has four votes. | FIFA stands for Fédération internationale de football association. It is the main international governing body for the sport of soccer (called football internationally outside the US) |
why is Mahatma Gandhi loved by everyone? | general_qa | Mahatma Gandhi preached non-cooperation using non-violent methods as a way to win against the oppressive rulers without resorting to guns. This is difficult to do and requires public's cooperation. |
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What is Game of Thrones based on? | open_qa | Game of Thrones is based on the books written by George R. R. Martin called a Song of Ice and Fire. |
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What are the benefits of collaborating on a tech blog with your customers? | brainstorming | It will improve visibility of the product. It will help with your customers' career. It will benefit other customers with related use cases. |
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Given this paragraph, how many public high schools are in Arlington, Virginia? | closed_qa | Arlington Public Schools operates the county's public K-12 education system of 22 elementary schools; 6 middle schools (Dorothy Hamm Middle School, Gunston Middle School, Kenmore Middle School, Swanson Middle School, Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and Williamsburg Middle School); and 3 public high schools (Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School). H-B Woodlawn and Arlington Tech are alternative public schools. Arlington County spends about half of its local revenues on education. For the FY2013 budget, 83 percent of funding was from local revenues, and 12 percent from the state. Per pupil expenditures are expected to average $18,700, well above its neighbors, Fairfax County ($13,600) and Montgomery County ($14,900). | There are 3 public high schools in Arlington, Va. |
What are all of the professional baseball teams in the state of Florida? | open_qa | The professional baseball teams in the state of Florida are the Tampa Bay Rays and Miami Marlins. |
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Given the reference text about the Cy Young Award, please describe what the award is and why it is awarded. | closed_qa | The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB), one each for the American League (AL) and National League (NL). The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967, after the retirement of Frick, the award was given to one pitcher in each league. | The Cy Young Award is given to the best pitches in the American and National leagues of Major League Baseball, for their achievements that exceed those of their peers. |
Extract what is Top Gun | information_extraction | The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), is an American military program that teaches fighter and strike tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors. | The United States Navy Fighter Weapons School was established on 3 March 1969, at Naval Air Station Miramar, California.
The unit's purpose was to train fighter air crews in all aspects of fighter weapons systems and the art of aerial combat. It serves to build a nucleus of eminently knowledgeable fighter crews to construct, guide, and enhance weapons training cycles and subsequent aircrew performance. This select group acts as the F-4 community’s most operationally orientated weapons specialists. Top Gun's efforts are dedicated to the Navy’s professional fighter crews, past, present and future. |
Where to find the best croissant in San Francisco? | general_qa | This is hard to say as the answer heavily depends on your preference. Arsicault is generally a very popular bakery for croissants. The croissants here are very flaky and very buttery. If that is right up your alley, definitely give them a visit! Other than Arsicault, there are many bakeries in SF that offers croissant with a creative twist. A couple examples are Hahdough for pretzel croissants and Arizmendi for sourdough croissants. Personally, I prefer my croissants to be not too buttery but moist in the middle and crunchy on the outside. My personal favorite is Schubert's Bakery in Inner Richmond. The price point and taste well align with what I am looking for! |
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Do cats have nine lives? | open_qa | No |
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What is Microsoft? | information_extraction | Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 14 in the 2022 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue; it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2022. It is considered as one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (parent company of Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (formerly Facebook). | Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. |
How do you make soap? | open_qa | Soap is made with a mixture of natural or organic oils, sodium hydroxide and distilled water. When making soap you need to mix a combination of light and heavy oils like olive and coconut oil and then mix it with sodium hydroxide and distilled water. After this mixture has been mixed well you poor it into soap molds and let it hard over the course of many weeks. This process called saponification is the time it takes for the sodium hydroxide to evaporate from the mixture which causes the soap to harden in he soap molds. Other options you have when making soap are to add essential oils, like lavender and grapefruit to give a nice scent to the soap. This has to be added prior to saponification. |
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How would I get from an upstairs apartment to the parking garage? | general_qa | If I needed to get from an upstairs apartment to the parking garage, I first would need to know where the parking garage is located. Most parking garages at apartment complexes are located underground; however, some are above-ground. Once I've determined where the parking garage is, I would exit my apartment by opening the door, stepping out into the hallway, and then locking the door, and then walk down the hallway in the direction of the elevator or stairs. I would take the elevator or stairs to the appropriate floor and then exit into the parking garage. I'm probably in the parking garage because I'm going to my car, so the next step would be to locate my car. One trick for locating a car in a parking garage is to click the alarm or door lock button on your car's remote to make a sound. |
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What are three most commonly sung lyric soprano arias? | brainstorming | Three most commonly sung lyric soprano arias?
- "Quando m'en vo" from La Boheme by Puccini
- "O mio babbino caro" from Gianni Schicchi by Puccini
- "Deh! vieni non tardar" from Le Nozze di Figaro by Mozart |
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Cases of Anthrax were found in Kerala in which animals? | open_qa | Wild Boars |
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Categorize the following Taylor Swift songs based on what album they are in: The Archer, tolerate it, Lover, Love Story (Taylor's Version), Bejeweled, Don't Blame Me, 22 (Taylor's version), Look What You Made Me Do, Lavender Haze, willow, Cruel Summer | classification | The following songs are in Taylor Swift's album Lover: The Archer, Lover, Cruel Summer.
The following song is in the album Fearless (Taylor's Version): Love Story (Taylor's Version)
The following songs are in the album evermore: tolerate it, willow
The following songs are in the album Reputation: Don't Blame Me, Look What You Made Me Do
The following song is in the album Red (Taylor's Version): 22 (Taylor's version)
The following songs are in the album Midnights: Bejeweled, Lavender Haze |
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I'm creating a class to explain to kids the difference between items that are powered and can be plugged in and items that aren't. Please divide the following things into those you can plug in and those that you can't: table, hairdryer, television, chair, computer, fridge, comb, flowers. | classification | A hairdryer, television, computer and fridge are all examples of things that can be plugged in and powered by electricity. A common table, chair, comb and flower are examples of items that do not require electricity and cannot be plugged in. |
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Can you describe what team effectiveness is? | summarization | Team effectiveness (also referred to as group effectiveness) is the capacity a team has to accomplish the goals or objectives administered by an authorized personnel or the organization. A team is a collection of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the established boundaries of that system. Teams and groups have established a synonymous relationship within the confines of processes and research relating to their effectiveness (i.e. group cohesiveness, teamwork) while still maintaining their independence as two separate units, as groups and their members are independent of each other's role, skill, knowledge or purpose versus teams and their members, who are interdependent upon each other's role, skill, knowledge and purpose. | Team effectiveness is the capacity a team has to achieve the goals set for that team. Teams are considered more or less effective based on their ability to achieve their goals and objectives. Teams are comprised of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the boundaries of that system. |