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57304155a23a5019007fd018-101
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The traditional Charleston accent has long been noted in the state and throughout the South. It is typically heard in wealthy white families who trace their families back generations in the city. It has ingliding or monophthongal long mid-vowels, raises ay and aw in certain environments, and is nonrhotic. Sylvester Primer of the College of Charleston wrote about aspects of the local dialect in his late 19th-century works: "Charleston Provincialisms" (1887) and "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms", published in a German journal. He believed the accent was based on the English as it was spoken by the earliest settlers, therefore derived from Elizabethan England and preserved with modifications by Charleston speakers. The rapidly disappearing "Charleston accent" is still noted in the local pronunciation of the city's name. Some elderly (and usually upper-class) Charleston natives ignore the 'r' and elongate the first vowel, pronouncing the name as "Chah-l-ston". Some observers attribute these unique features of Charleston's speech to its early settlement by French Huguenots and Sephardic Jews (who were primarily English speakers from London), both of whom played influential roles in Charleston's early development and history.[citation needed]
চার্লসটন যে উচ্চারণে অভ্যস্ত ছিলেন, তার কোন দুটো আদিম সংস্কৃতির অনন্য বৈশিষ্ট্য রয়েছে?
{ "text": [ "French Huguenots and Sephardic Jews" ], "answer_start": [ 1089 ] }
573287a106a3a419008acad0-102
Humanism
Religious humanism is an integration of humanist ethical philosophy with religious rituals and beliefs that centre on human needs, interests, and abilities. Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of "humanism" until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, non-theistic religions paired with human-centred ethical philosophy have a long history. The Cult of Reason (French: Culte de la Raison) was a religion based on deism devised during the French Revolution by Jacques Hébert, Pierre Gaspard Chaumette and their supporters. In 1793 during the French Revolution, the cathedral Notre Dame de Paris was turned into a "Temple to Reason" and for a time Lady Liberty replaced the Virgin Mary on several altars. In the 1850s, Auguste Comte, the Father of Sociology, founded Positivism, a "religion of humanity". One of the earliest forerunners of contemporary chartered humanist organisations was the Humanistic Religious Association formed in 1853 in London. This early group was democratically organised, with male and female members participating in the election of the leadership and promoted knowledge of the sciences, philosophy, and the arts. The Ethical Culture movement was founded in 1876. The movement's founder, Felix Adler, a former member of the Free Religious Association, conceived of Ethical Culture as a new religion that would retain the ethical message at the heart of all religions. Ethical Culture was religious in the sense of playing a defining role in people's lives and addressing issues of ultimate concern.
ধর্মীয় মানবতাবাদের অনুশীলনকারীরা কখন মানবতাবাদ নামে আবির্ভূত হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "19th and early 20th centuries" ], "answer_start": [ 272 ] }
5726783af1498d1400e8e0ca-103
Dutch_language
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, Ochsen and Eng foxes, oxen), and also the development of /ft/ → /xt/ though it is far more common in Dutch (Du zacht and LG sacht vs. Germ sanft and Eng soft, but Du kracht vs. LG/Germ kraft and Eng cognate craft).
ইংরেজি এবং লো জার্মান ভাষায় কোন সংখ্যা শব্দটির বানান একই?
{ "text": [ "seven" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }
5730edfaa5e9cc1400cdbb03-104
Russian_language
Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the language into three groupings, Northern, Central (or Middle) and Southern, with Moscow lying in the Central region. All dialects also divided in two main chronological categories: the dialects of primary formation (the territory of the Eastern Rus' or Muscovy, roughly consists of the modern Central and Northwestern Federal districts); and secondary formation (other territory). Dialectology within Russia recognizes dozens of smaller-scale variants. The dialects often show distinct and non-standard features of pronunciation and intonation, vocabulary and grammar. Some of these are relics of ancient usage now completely discarded by the standard language.
রুশ উপভাষাগুলোর মধ্যে পার্থক্য কী?
{ "text": [ "non-standard features of pronunciation and intonation, vocabulary and grammar" ], "answer_start": [ 802 ] }
5705ef1452bb8914006896ea-105
Bird_migration
Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.
প্লিনি দ্যা এল্ডার কোথায় অ্যারিস্টটলের পর্যবেক্ষণের পুনরাবৃত্তি করেছিলেন?
{ "text": [ "in his Historia Naturalis" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }
573423e9d058e614000b69dd-106
Tucson,_Arizona
Central Tucson is bicycle-friendly. To the east of the University of Arizona, Third Street is bike-only except for local traffic and passes by the historic homes of the Sam Hughes neighborhood. To the west, E. University Boulevard leads to the Fourth Avenue Shopping District. To the North, N. Mountain Avenue has a full bike-only lane for half of the 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the Rillito River Park bike and walk multi-use path. To the south, N. Highland Avenue leads to the Barraza-Aviation Parkway bicycle path.
হাইল্যান্ড কোন সাইকেল পাথ দিকে নিয়ে যায়?
{ "text": [ "Barraza-Aviation Parkway" ], "answer_start": [ 473 ] }
57266fd6708984140094c5f8-107
British_Empire
During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods. European settlement increased through the early decades of the 19th century, with numerous trading stations established, especially in the North. In 1839, the New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land and establish colonies in New Zealand. On 6 February 1840, Captain William Hobson and around 40 Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi. This treaty is considered by many to be New Zealand's founding document, but differing interpretations of the Maori and English versions of the text have meant that it continues to be a source of dispute.
কে ওলন্দাজদের জন্য নিউজিল্যান্ড আবিষ্কার করেছিল?
{ "text": [ "Abel Tasman" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
56cf66344df3c31400b0d70d-108
Kanye_West
Beginning his second effort that fall, West would invest two million dollars and take over a year to craft his second album. West was significantly inspired by Roseland NYC Live, a 1998 live album by English trip hop group Portishead, produced with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Early in his career, the live album had inspired him to incorporate string arrangements into his hip-hop production. Though West had not been able to afford many live instruments around the time of his debut album, the money from his commercial success enabled him to hire a string orchestra for his second album Late Registration. West collaborated with American film score composer Jon Brion, who served as the album's co-executive producer for several tracks. Although Brion had no prior experience in creating hip-hop records, he and West found that they could productively work together after their first afternoon in the studio where they discovered that neither confined his musical knowledge and vision to one specific genre. Late Registration sold over 2.3 million units in the United States alone by the end of 2005 and was considered by industry observers as the only successful major album release of the fall season, which had been plagued by steadily declining CD sales.
লেট রেজিস্ট্রেশনের প্রথম বছরে কত কপি বিক্রি হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "2.3 million" ], "answer_start": [ 1048 ] }
5731564c05b4da19006bd061-109
Red
Major League Baseball is especially well known for red teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings are the oldest professional baseball team, dating back to 1869. The franchise soon relocated to Boston and is now the Atlanta Braves, but its name survives as the origin for both the Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox. During the 1950s when red was strongly associated with communism, the modern Cincinnati team was known as the "Redlegs" and the term was used on baseball cards. After the red scare faded, the team was known as the "Reds" again. The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim are also known for their color red, as are the St. Louis Cardinals, Arizona Diamondbacks, and the Philadelphia Phillies.
সিনসিনাটি রেড স্টকিংস কোন দলে পরিণত হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "the Atlanta Braves" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }
56f7451fa6d7ea1400e17126-110
Treaty
Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless:
১. ভিয়েনা কনভেনশন অন দ্য ল অব ট্রিটিজ-এর কোন অনুচ্ছেদে বলা হয়েছে যে, চুক্তি একতরফাভাবে বাতিল করা যাবে না?
{ "text": [ "Article 56" ], "answer_start": [ 498 ] }
5729d6d76aef0514001550b3-111
IBM
In 2006, IBM launched Secure Blue, encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors. A year later, IBM unveiled Project Big Green, a re-direction of $1 billion per year across its businesses to increase energy efficiency. On November 2008, IBM’s CEO, Sam Palmisano, during a speech at the Council on Foreign Relations, outlined a new agenda for building a Smarter Planet. On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the Smarter Computing framework to support Smarter Planet. On Aug 18, 2011, as part of its effort in cognitive computing, IBM has produced chips that imitate neurons and synapses. These microprocessors do not use von Neumann architecture, and they consume less memory and power.
নভেম্বর ২০০৮ এ আইবিএম সিও কে ছিল?
{ "text": [ "Sam Palmisano" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
56cfe201234ae51400d9bffe-112
New_York_City
The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setbacks in new buildings, and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below. The Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirements. The buildings have distinctive ornamentation, such as the eagles at the corners of the 61st floor on the Chrysler Building, and are considered some of the finest examples of the Art Deco style. A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its façade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure. The Condé Nast Building (2000) is a prominent example of green design in American skyscrapers and has received an award from the American Institute of Architects as well as AIA New York State for its design.
এম্পায়ার স্টেট বিল্ডিং কখন নির্মিত হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "1931" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
56e7620600c9c71400d77061-113
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
In 2004, the two institutions created the Architecture Gallery (Room 128) at the V&A showing artefacts from the collections of both institutions, this was the first permanent gallery devoted to architecture in the UK. The adjacent Architecture Exhibition Space (Room 128a) is used for temporary displays related to architecture. Both spaces were designed by Gareth Hoskins Architects. At the same time the RIBA Library Drawing and Archives Collections moved from 21 Portman Place to new facilities in the Henry Cole Wing at the V&A. Under the Partnership new study rooms were opened where members of the public could view items from the RIBA and V&A architectural collections under the supervision of curatorial staff. These and the nearby education room were designed by Wright & Wright Architects.
রয়্যাল ইন্সটিটিউটের আঁকা ও আর্কাইভ সংগ্রহগুলো আসলে কোথায় অবস্থিত ছিল?
{ "text": [ "21 Portman Place" ], "answer_start": [ 463 ] }
56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c81-114
Virgil
Book 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the influence of the gods falls deeply in love with him. At a banquet in Book 2, Aeneas tells the story of the sack of Troy, the death of his wife, and his escape, to the enthralled Carthaginians, while in Book 3 he recounts to them his wanderings over the Mediterranean in search of a suitable new home. Jupiter in Book 4 recalls the lingering Aeneas to his duty to found a new city, and he slips away from Carthage, leaving Dido to commit suicide, cursing Aeneas and calling down revenge in a symbolic anticipation of the fierce wars between Carthage and Rome. In Book 5, Aeneas' father Anchises dies and funeral games are celebrated for him. On reaching Cumae, in Italy in Book 6, Aeneas consults the Cumaean Sibyl, who conducts him through the Underworld where Aeneas meets the dead Anchises who reveals Rome's destiny to his son.
এইনিড জুড়ে এইনিয়াসের শত্রু কে?
{ "text": [ "Juno" ], "answer_start": [ 70 ] }
572686f05951b619008f75bd-115
Chicago_Cubs
In addition to Mesa, the club has held spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas (1886, 1896–1900), (1909–1910) New Orleans (1870, 1907, 1911–1912); Champaign, Illinois (1901–02, 1906); Los Angeles (1903–04, 1948–1949), Santa Monica, California (1905); French Lick, Indiana (1908, 1943–1945); Tampa, Florida (1913–1916); Pasadena, California (1917–1921); Santa Catalina Island, California (1922–1942, 1946–1947, 1950–1951); Rendezvous Park in Mesa (1952–1965); Blair Field in Long Beach, California (1966); and Scottsdale, Arizona (1967–1978).
রেনডেজভুস পার্ক কোথায়?
{ "text": [ "Mesa" ], "answer_start": [ 442 ] }
56db31c5e7c41114004b4f1f-116
American_Idol
Changes this season include only airing one episode a week during the final ten. Coca Cola ended their longtime sponsorship of the show and Ford Motor Company maintained a reduced role. The winner of the season also received a recording contract with Big Machine Records.
এই মৌসুম থেকে আইডলের প্রতি সপ্তাহে কয়টি পর্ব প্রচারিত হয়?
{ "text": [ "one" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }
5727cc87ff5b5019007d957c-117
Law_of_the_United_States
The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions. Some reception statutes impose a specific cutoff date for reception, such as the date of a colony's founding, while others are deliberately vague. Thus, contemporary U.S. courts often cite pre-Revolution cases when discussing the evolution of an ancient judge-made common law principle into its modern form, such as the heightened duty of care traditionally imposed upon common carriers.
অভ্যর্থনা আইন প্রণয়ন না করা একমাত্র রাষ্ট্র কি?
{ "text": [ "Louisiana" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }
56f964559e9bad19000a08c0-118
Marshall_Islands
The Marshall Islands was admitted to the United Nations based on the Security Council's recommendation on August 9, 1991, in Resolution 704 and the General Assembly's approval on September 17, 1991, in Resolution 46/3. In international politics within the United Nations, the Marshall Islands has often voted consistently with the United States with respect to General Assembly resolutions.
নিরাপত্তা পরিষদের কোন প্রস্তাবটা মার্শাল দ্বীপপুঞ্জকে রাষ্ট্রসংঘে যোগ দেওয়ার অনুমতি দেওয়ার জন্য সুপারিশ করেছিল?
{ "text": [ "Resolution 704" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }
572837e7ff5b5019007d9f46-119
Federalism
The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving much of the Soviet structure while applying increasingly liberal reforms to the governance of the constituent republics and subjects (while also coming into conflict with Chechen secessionist rebels during the Chechen War). Some of the reforms under Yeltsin were scaled back by Vladimir Putin.
রাশিয়ার সরকারের উপ-বিভাগের কী হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "changed towards a generally autonomous model" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
56f71e4d711bf01900a4499d-120
Josip_Broz_Tito
On 21 December 1941, the Partisans created the First Proletarian Brigade (commanded by Koča Popović) and on 1 March 1942, Tito created the Second Proletarian Brigade. In liberated territories, the Partisans organised People's Committees to act as civilian government. The Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) convened in Bihać on 26–27 November 1942 and in Jajce on 29 November 1943. In the two sessions, the resistance representatives established the basis for post-war organisation of the country, deciding on a federation of the Yugoslav nations. In Jajce, a 67-member "presidency" was elected and established a nine-member National Committee of Liberation (five communist members) as a de facto provisional government. Tito was named President of the National Committee of Liberation.
৬৭ সদস্যের প্রেসিডেন্সি কোথায় অবস্থিত ছিল?
{ "text": [ "Jajce" ], "answer_start": [ 582 ] }
572a8062f75d5e190021fb11-121
Friedrich_Hayek
During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science. Usually, scientism involves combining the philosophers' ancient demand for demonstrative justification with the associationists' false view that all scientific explanations are simple two-variable linear relationships.
সামাজিক বিজ্ঞানে অজ্ঞতা ও ভুল বোঝাবুঝি ছড়িয়ে পড়ার বিষয়ে হায়েক কী বলেছিলেন?
{ "text": [ "scientism" ], "answer_start": [ 358 ] }
572635ccec44d21400f3dc43-122
Queen_Victoria
In 1887, the British Empire celebrated Victoria's Golden Jubilee. Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited. The following day, she participated in a procession and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey. By this time, Victoria was once again extremely popular. Two days later on 23 June, she engaged two Indian Muslims as waiters, one of whom was Abdul Karim. He was soon promoted to "Munshi": teaching her Hindustani, and acting as a clerk. Her family and retainers were appalled, and accused Abdul Karim of spying for the Muslim Patriotic League, and biasing the Queen against the Hindus. Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do." Victoria dismissed their complaints as racial prejudice. Abdul Karim remained in her service until he returned to India with a pension on her death.
করিম রাণীর চাকরিতে কতদিন ছিলেন?
{ "text": [ "until he returned to India with a pension on her death" ], "answer_start": [ 1013 ] }
5733c3c7d058e614000b61f2-123
Genocide
The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inquiry. The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to the overall size of the entire group. In addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion, its prominence within the group can be a useful consideration. If a specific part of the group is emblematic of the overall group, or is essential to its survival, that may support a finding that the part qualifies as substantial within the meaning of Article 4 [of the Tribunal's Statute]."
একটি নির্দিষ্ট গোষ্ঠীর সংখ্যাগত আকার ছাড়াও, আইসিটিওয়াই-এর জন্য আর কি বিবেচনা দরকারী ছিল?
{ "text": [ "prominence within the group" ], "answer_start": [ 530 ] }
56d23d72b329da140004ec4e-124
Buddhism
Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto themselves". In this sense, living life as the vinaya prescribes it is, as one scholar puts it: "more than merely a means to an end: it is very nearly the end in itself."
নিয়মগুলো কিসের জন্য নিখুঁত?
{ "text": [ "higher attainments" ], "answer_start": [ 231 ] }
57110322b654c5140001fabd-125
Age_of_Enlightenment
One of the most important developments that the Enlightenment era brought to the discipline of science was its popularization. An increasingly literate population seeking knowledge and education in both the arts and the sciences drove the expansion of print culture and the dissemination of scientific learning. The new literate population was due to a high rise in the availability of food. This enabled many people to rise out of poverty, and instead of paying more for food, they had money for education. Popularization was generally part of an overarching Enlightenment ideal that endeavoured "to make information available to the greatest number of people." As public interest in natural philosophy grew during the 18th century, public lecture courses and the publication of popular texts opened up new roads to money and fame for amateurs and scientists who remained on the periphery of universities and academies. More formal works included explanations of scientific theories for individuals lacking the educational background to comprehend the original scientific text. Sir Isaac Newton's celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education in the classics until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze the text in the vernacular.
সবচেয়ে বেশি লোকের কাছে তথ্য পৌঁছে দেওয়ার জন্য কোন আদর্শ চেষ্টা করেছিল?
{ "text": [ "Popularization" ], "answer_start": [ 508 ] }
573606536c16ec1900b92910-126
Hunting
During the feudal and colonial times in British India, hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas and nawabs, as well as British officers, maintained a whole corps of shikaris (big-game hunters), who were native professional hunters. They would be headed by a master of the hunt, who might be styled mir-shikar. Often, they recruited the normally low-ranking local tribes because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques. Big game, such as Bengal tigers, might be hunted from the back of an elephant.
কেন নিম্নপদস্থ স্থানীয় উপজাতিদের নিয়োগ করা হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques" ], "answer_start": [ 418 ] }
5734596aacc1501500babe2f-127
Richmond,_Virginia
The city of Richmond operates 28 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and eight high schools, serving a total student population of 24,000 students. There is one Governor's School in the city − the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies. In 2008, it was named as one of Newsweek magazine's 18 "public elite" high schools, and in 2012, it was rated #16 of America's best high schools overall. Richmond's public school district also runs one of Virginia's four public charter schools, the Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts, which was founded in 2010.
প্যাট্রিক হেনরি স্কুল অফ সায়েন্স অ্যান্ড আর্টস এর দরজা কখন খোলা হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "2010" ], "answer_start": [ 591 ] }
570a059c6d058f1900182c76-128
Houston
Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that parking be available to tenants and customers. Such restrictions have had mixed results. Though some have blamed the city's low density, urban sprawl, and lack of pedestrian-friendliness on these policies, the city's land use has also been credited with having significant affordable housing, sparing Houston the worst effects of the 2008 real estate crisis. The city issued 42,697 building permits in 2008 and was ranked first in the list of healthiest housing markets for 2009.
২০০৮ সালে হিউস্টনে কয়টি বিল্ডিং পারমিট জারি করা হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "42,697" ], "answer_start": [ 692 ] }
5728b2a2ff5b5019007da4ba-129
History_of_India
The Punjabi kingdom, ruled by members of the Sikh religion, was a political entity that governed the region of modern-day Punjab. The empire, based around the Punjab region, existed from 1799 to 1849. It was forged, on the foundations of the Khalsa, under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) from an array of autonomous Punjabi Misls. He consolidated many parts of northern India into a kingdom. He primarily used his highly disciplined Sikh army that he trained and equipped to be the equal of a European force. Ranjit Singh proved himself to be a master strategist and selected well qualified generals for his army. In stages, he added the central Punjab, the provinces of Multan and Kashmir, the Peshawar Valley, and the Derajat to his kingdom. This came in the face of the powerful British East India Company. At its peak, in the 19th century, the empire extended from the Khyber Pass in the west, to Kashmir in the north, to Sindh in the south, running along Sutlej river to Himachal in the east. This was among the last areas of the subcontinent to be conquered by the British. The first Anglo-Sikh war and second Anglo-Sikh war marked the downfall of the Sikh Empire.
শেষ পর্যন্ত কে শিখ সাম্রাজ্য জয় করতে সক্ষম হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "British" ], "answer_start": [ 1091 ] }
5726c910708984140094d15e-130
Queen_(band)
Between 2005 and 2006, Queen + Paul Rodgers embarked on a world tour, which was the first time Queen toured since their last tour with Freddie Mercury in 1986. The band's drummer Roger Taylor commented; "We never thought we would tour again, Paul [Rodgers] came along by chance and we seemed to have a chemistry. Paul is just such a great singer. He's not trying to be Freddie." The first leg was in Europe, the second in Japan, and the third in the US in 2006. Queen received the inaugural VH1 Rock Honors at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, on 25 May 2006. The Foo Fighters paid homage to the band in performing "Tie Your Mother Down" to open the ceremony before being joined on stage by May, Taylor, and Paul Rodgers, who played a selection of Queen hits.
পল রজার্সের সাথে কুইনের ২০০০ সালের মাঝামাঝি সফরের প্রথম পর্যায় কোথায় ছিল?
{ "text": [ "Europe" ], "answer_start": [ 400 ] }
5727f325ff5b5019007d9916-131
Culture
Social conflict and the development of technologies can produce changes within a society by altering social dynamics and promoting new cultural models, and spurring or enabling generative action. These social shifts may accompany ideological shifts and other types of cultural change. For example, the U.S. feminist movement involved new practices that produced a shift in gender relations, altering both gender and economic structures. Environmental conditions may also enter as factors. For example, after tropical forests returned at the end of the last ice age, plants suitable for domestication were available, leading to the invention of agriculture, which in turn brought about many cultural innovations and shifts in social dynamics.
সামাজিক গতিবিদ্যায় পরিবর্তনের উদাহরণে কোন সময়কাল ব্যবহৃত হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "ice age" ], "answer_start": [ 557 ] }
57112be4a58dae1900cd6ced-132
Nintendo_Entertainment_System
The NES dropped the hardwired controllers, instead featuring two custom 7-pin ports on the front of the console. Also in contrast to the Famicom, the controllers included with the NES were identical to each other—the second controller lacked the microphone that was present on the Famicom model and possessed the same START and SELECT buttons as the primary controller. Some NES localizations of games, such as The Legend of Zelda, which required the use of the Famicom microphone in order to kill certain enemies, suffered from the lack of hardware to do so.
কিছু ক্ষেত্রে শত্রুদের হত্যা করার জন্য জেল্ডার কিংবদন্তির কী প্রয়োজন ছিল?
{ "text": [ "Famicom microphone" ], "answer_start": [ 462 ] }
56f7608daef2371900625b7e-133
Slavs
Throughout their history, Slavs came into contact with non-Slavic groups. In the postulated homeland region (present-day Ukraine), they had contacts with the Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths. After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating non-Slavic peoples. For example, in the Balkans, there were Paleo-Balkan peoples, such as Romanized and Hellenized (Jireček Line) Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, as well as Greeks and Celtic Scordisci. Over time, due to the larger number of Slavs, most descendants of the indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized. The Thracians and Illyrians vanished from the population during this period – although the modern Albanian nation claims descent from the Illyrians. Exceptions are Greece, where the lesser numbered Slavs scattered there came to be Hellenized (aided in time by more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the role of the church and administration) and Romania where Slavic people settled en route for present-day Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and East Thrace whereby the Slavic population had come to assimilate. Bulgars were also assimilated by local Slavs but their ruling status and subsequent land cast the nominal legacy of Bulgarian country and people onto all future generations. The Romance speakers within the fortified Dalmatian cities managed to retain their culture and language for a long time, as Dalmatian Romance was spoken until the high Middle Ages. However, they too were eventually assimilated into the body of Slavs.
বলকানের কোন কোন জাতি?
{ "text": [ "Paleo-Balkan peoples" ], "answer_start": [ 315 ] }
57336c1cd058e614000b5ac2-134
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy
Residents of Saint-Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemoise people) are French citizens and work at establishments on the island. Most of them are descendants of the first settlers, of Breton, Norman, Poitevin, Saintongeais and Angevin lineage. French is the native tongue of the population. English is understood in hotels and restaurants, and a small population of Anglophones have been resident in Gustavia for many years. The St. Barthélemy French patois is spoken by some 500–700 people in the leeward portion of the island and is superficially related to Quebec French, whereas Créole French is limited to the windward side. Unlike other populations in the Caribbean, language preference between the Créole and Patois is geographically, and not racially, determined.[page needed]
পাটোয়া এবং ক্রেওল ফ্রেঞ্চের মধ্যে দৃঢ়সংকল্প সাধারণত কীভাবে নির্ধারিত হয়?
{ "text": [ "racially" ], "answer_start": [ 742 ] }
56e8ea980b45c0140094cd64-135
Westminster_Abbey
Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign. The members of the Chapter are the Dean and four canons residentiary, assisted by the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk. One of the canons is also Rector of St Margaret's Church, Westminster, and often holds also the post of Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons.
ওয়েস্টমিনস্টার চ্যাপ্টারের সদস্য কারা?
{ "text": [ "the Dean and four canons residentiary" ], "answer_start": [ 320 ] }
572eee7903f9891900756aec-136
Han_dynasty
The farmer, or specifically the small landowner-cultivator, was ranked just below scholars and officials in the social hierarchy. Other agricultural cultivators were of a lower status, such as tenants, wage laborers, and in rare cases slaves. Artisans and craftsmen had a legal and socioeconomic status between that of owner-cultivator farmers and common merchants. State-registered merchants, who were forced by law to wear white-colored clothes and pay high commercial taxes, were considered by the gentry as social parasites with a contemptible status. These were often petty shopkeepers of urban marketplaces; merchants such as industrialists and itinerant traders working between a network of cities could avoid registering as merchants and were often wealthier and more powerful than the vast majority of government officials. Wealthy landowners, such as nobles and officials, often provided lodging for retainers who provided valuable work or duties, sometimes including fighting bandits or riding into battle. Unlike slaves, retainers could come and go from their master's home as they pleased. Medical physicians, pig breeders, and butchers had a fairly high social status, while occultist diviners, runners, and messengers had low status.
যে বণিকরা রাষ্ট্রের সাথে নিবন্ধন করতে বাধ্য হয়েছিল তারা কোন রঙের পোশাক পরতে বাধ্য হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "white-colored" ], "answer_start": [ 425 ] }
5729072e1d04691400778f9b-137
Myanmar
According to Pew Research, 7% of the population identifies as Christian; 4% as Muslim; 1% follows traditional animistic beliefs; and 2% follow other religions, including Mahayana Buddhism, Hinduism, and East Asian religions. However, according to a US State Department's 2010 international religious freedom report, official statistics are alleged to underestimate the non-Buddhist population. Independent researchers put the Muslim population at 6 to 10% of the population[citation needed]. Jehovah's Witnesses have been present since 1914 and have about 80 congregations around the country and a branch office in Yangon publishing in 16 languages. A tiny Jewish community in Rangoon had a synagogue but no resident rabbi to conduct services.
রেঙ্গুনে যিহুদিদের এলাকায় কোন সমস্যা দেখা দিয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "a synagogue but no resident rabbi to conduct services" ], "answer_start": [ 689 ] }
57318491e6313a140071d004-138
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1981, the new US President Ronald Reagan pursued a hard line approach to Libya, erroneously considering it a puppet regime of the Soviet Union. In turn, Gaddafi played up his commercial relationship with the Soviets, visiting Moscow again in April 1981 and 1985, and threatening to join the Warsaw Pact. The Soviets were nevertheless cautious of Gaddafi, seeing him as an unpredictable extremist. Beginning military exercises in the Gulf of Sirte – an area of sea that Libya claimed as a part of its territorial waters – in August 1981 the U.S. shot down two Libyan Su-22 planes monitoring them. Closing down Libya's embassy in Washington, D.C., Reagan advised U.S. companies operating in the country to reduce the number of American personnel stationed there. In March 1982, the U.S. implemented an embargo of Libyan oil, and in January 1986 ordered all U.S. companies to cease operating in the country, although several hundred workers remained. Diplomatic relations also broke down with the U.K., after Libyan diplomats were accused in the shooting death of Yvonne Fletcher, a British policewoman stationed outside their London embassy, in April 1984. In Spring 1986, the U.S. Navy again began performing exercises in the Gulf of Sirte; the Libyan military retaliated, but failed as the U.S. sank several Libyan ships.
মার্কিন শত্রুতার ফলে লিবিয়া কোন সামরিক জোটে যোগ দেবে বলে জানিয়েছে?
{ "text": [ "Warsaw Pact" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }
5727c860ff5b5019007d9533-139
Gramophone_record
Under the direction of recording engineer C. Robert Fine, Mercury Records initiated a minimalist single microphone monaural recording technique in 1951. The first record, a Chicago Symphony Orchestra performance of Pictures at an Exhibition, conducted by Rafael Kubelik, was described as "being in the living presence of the orchestra" by The New York Times music critic. The series of records was then named Mercury Living Presence. In 1955, Mercury began three-channel stereo recordings, still based on the principle of the single microphone. The center (single) microphone was of paramount importance, with the two side mics adding depth and space. Record masters were cut directly from a three-track to two-track mixdown console, with all editing of the master tapes done on the original three-tracks. In 1961, Mercury enhanced this technique with three-microphone stereo recordings using 35 mm magnetic film instead of half-inch tape for recording. The greater thickness and width of 35 mm magnetic film prevented tape layer print-through and pre-echo and gained extended frequency range and transient response. The Mercury Living Presence recordings were remastered to CD in the 1990s by the original producer, Wilma Cozart Fine, using the same method of 3-to-2 mix directly to the master recorder.
৩. ৩৫ মিমি চুম্বকীয় ফিল্ম ব্যবহার করে কী কী উপকার পাওয়া গেছে?
{ "text": [ "prevented tape layer print-through and pre-echo and gained extended frequency range and transient response" ], "answer_start": [ 1009 ] }
56f8eaef9b226e1400dd11c9-140
Near_East
"Near East" remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles, but a variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates: "the Nearer East," reverting to the classical and then more scholarly distinction of "nearer" and "farther." They undoubtedly saw a need to separate the Biblical lands from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire. The Christians saw the country as the land of the Old and New Testaments, where Christianity had developed. The scholars in the field of studies that eventually became Biblical archaeology attempted to define it on the basis of archaeology.
খ্রিস্টানরা দেশটাকে কী হিসেবে দেখত?
{ "text": [ "the land of the Old and New Testaments" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
56d4d3b12ccc5a1400d83277-141
Beyoncé
In an interview published by Vogue in April 2013, Beyoncé was asked if she considers herself a feminist, to which she said, "that word can be very extreme... But I guess I am a modern-day feminist. I do believe in equality". She would later align herself more publicly with the movement, sampling "We should all be feminists", a speech delivered by Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a TEDxEuston conference in April 2013, in her song "Flawless", released later that year. She has also contributed to the Ban Bossy campaign, which uses television and social media to encourage leadership in girls.
বিয়নসিকিউরিটি তার গানে নাইজেরিয়ার কোন লেখকের শব্দ ব্যবহার করেছেন, নিখুঁত?
{ "text": [ "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie" ], "answer_start": [ 365 ] }
5727c82c3acd2414000dec3f-142
On_the_Origin_of_Species
While the book was readable enough to sell, its dryness ensured that it was seen as aimed at specialist scientists and could not be dismissed as mere journalism or imaginative fiction. Unlike the still-popular Vestiges, it avoided the narrative style of the historical novel and cosmological speculation, though the closing sentence clearly hinted at cosmic progression. Darwin had long been immersed in the literary forms and practices of specialist science, and made effective use of his skills in structuring arguments. David Quammen has described the book as written in everyday language for a wide audience, but noted that Darwin's literary style was uneven: in some places he used convoluted sentences that are difficult to read, while in other places his writing was beautiful. Quammen advised that later editions were weakened by Darwin making concessions and adding details to address his critics, and recommended the first edition. James T. Costa said that because the book was an abstract produced in haste in response to Wallace's essay, it was more approachable than the big book on natural selection Darwin had been working on, which would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail. He added that some parts of Origin are dense, but other parts are almost lyrical, and the case studies and observations are presented in a narrative style unusual in serious scientific books, which broadened its audience.
অন দ্যা অরিজিন অফ স্পিসিজের কোন উপাদানগুলো নিশ্চিত করেছিল যে, বিজ্ঞানীরা বইটাকে গুরুত্বের সঙ্গে নেবে?
{ "text": [ "its dryness ensured that it was seen as aimed at specialist scientists and could not be dismissed as mere journalism or imaginative fiction." ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
572a526bb8ce0319002e2aa6-143
Ottoman_Empire
The rise of port cities saw the clustering of populations caused by the development of steamships and railroads. Urbanization increased from 1700 to 1922, with towns and cities growing. Improvements in health and sanitation made them more attractive to live and work in. Port cities like Salonica, in Greece, saw its population rise from 55,000 in 1800 to 160,000 in 1912 and İzmir which had a population of 150,000 in 1800 grew to 300,000 by 1914. Some regions conversely had population falls – Belgrade saw its population drop from 25,000 to 8,000 mainly due to political strife.
কোন দুটো উন্নতি নগরগুলোকে বসবাসের জন্য আরও কাম্য করে তুলেছিল?
{ "text": [ "Improvements in health and sanitation" ], "answer_start": [ 186 ] }
5727ff0c2ca10214002d9ae4-144
History_of_India
Muslim rule started in parts of north India in the 13th century when the Delhi Sultanate was founded in 1206 CE by the Central Asian Turks. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the major part of northern India in the early 14th century, but declined in the late 14th century when several powerful Hindu states such as the Vijayanagara Empire, Gajapati Kingdom, Ahom Kingdom, as well as Rajput dynasties and states, such as Mewar dynasty, emerged. The 15th century saw the emergence of Sikhism. In the 16th century, Mughals came from Central Asia and gradually covered most of India. The Mughal Empire suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Maratha Empire, Sikh Empire and Mysore Kingdom to exercise control over large areas of the subcontinent.
ত্রয়োদশ শতাব্দীতে কোন গোষ্ঠী দিল্লি সালতানাত প্রতিষ্ঠা করেছিল?
{ "text": [ "Central Asian Turks" ], "answer_start": [ 119 ] }
572abf32be1ee31400cb8207-145
John_Kerry
The Kerry Committee report found that "the Contra drug links included..... payments to drug traffickers by the U.S. State Department of funds authorized by the Congress for humanitarian assistance to the Contras, in some cases after the traffickers had been indicted by federal law enforcement agencies on drug charges, in others while traffickers were under active investigation by these same agencies." The U.S. State Department paid over $806,000 to known drug traffickers to carry humanitarian assistance to the Contras. Kerry's findings provoked little reaction in the media and official Washington.
রাজ্য সরকার কাকে টাকা দিয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "drug traffickers" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }
5705ec4652bb8914006896b0-146
The_Times
The Times was founded by publisher John Walter on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, with Walter in the role of editor. Walter had lost his job by the end of 1784 after the insurance company where he was working went bankrupt because of the complaints of a Jamaican hurricane. Being unemployed, Walter decided to set a new business up. It was in that time when Henry Johnson invented the logography, a new typography that was faster and more precise (three years later, it was proved that it was not as efficient as had been said). Walter bought the logography's patent and to use it, he decided to open a printing house, where he would daily produce an advertising sheet. The first publication of the newspaper The Daily Universal Register in Great Britain was 1 January 1785. Unhappy because people always omitted the word Universal, Ellias changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times. In 1803, Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name. Walter Sr had spent sixteen months in Newgate Prison for libel printed in The Times, but his pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the paper's reputation among policy makers and financiers.
১. টাইমসের প্রথম প্রকাশনাটি কোন বছর ছিল?
{ "text": [ "1785" ], "answer_start": [ 785 ] }
572811a7ff5b5019007d9c50-147
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in either domestic or international affairs. Any moves towards real independence were suppressed by military force – in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the Prague Spring in 1968. Gorbachev abandoned the oppressive and expensive Brezhnev Doctrine, which mandated intervention in the Warsaw Pact states, in favor of non-intervention in the internal affairs of allies – jokingly termed the Sinatra Doctrine in a reference to the Frank Sinatra song "My Way".
প্রাগ বসন্ত কোন বছর হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "1968" ], "answer_start": [ 491 ] }
57319054a5e9cc1400cdc09f-148
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the compound were also two tennis courts, a soccer field, several gardens, camels, and a Bedouin tent in which he entertained guests. In the 1980s, his lifestyle was considered modest in comparison to those of many other Arab leaders. Gaddafi allegedly worked for years with Swiss banks to launder international banking transactions. In November 2011, The Sunday Times identified property worth £1 billion in the UK that Gaddafi allegedly owned. Gaddafi had an Airbus A340 private jet, which he bought from Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $120 million in 2003. Operated by Tripoli-based Afriqiyah Airways and decorated externally in their colours, it had various luxuries including a jacuzzi.
গাদ্দাফির কম্পাউন্ডে কতগুলো টেনিস কোর্ট ছিল?
{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 336 ] }
570680fe75f01819005e7bb9-149
Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Annual precipitation is 40 inches (1,020 mm) which is fairly spread throughout the year. Owing to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location in South Jersey, Atlantic City receives less snow than a good portion of the rest of New Jersey. Even at the airport, where low temperatures are often much lower than along the coast, snow averages only 16.5 inches (41.9 cm) each winter. It is very common for rain to fall in Atlantic City while the northern and western parts of the state are receiving snow.
প্রতি বছর বিমানবন্দরে গড়ে কত ইঞ্চি তুষারপাত হয়?
{ "text": [ "16.5 inches" ], "answer_start": [ 354 ] }
57332caa4776f41900660748-150
Alfred_North_Whitehead
The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
অসিদ্ধতা সত্ত্বেও, প্রিন্সিপিয়া ম্যাথম্যাটিকার কোন বিষয়গুলোকে এখন মূল্যবান বলে বিবেচনা করা হয়?
{ "text": [ "the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics" ], "answer_start": [ 682 ] }
572e9100c246551400ce4351-151
Endangered_Species_Act
The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 1929, a 1937 treaty prohibiting the hunting of right and gray whales, and the Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940. These later laws had a low cost to society–the species were relatively rare–and little opposition was raised.
যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের জাতীয় পাখির সংখ্যা সম্বন্ধে ১৯৪০ সালে কোন আইন পাস করা হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940" ], "answer_start": [ 412 ] }
5726d229708984140094d253-152
Copyright_infringement
According to the same study, even though digital piracy inflicts additional costs on the production side of media, it also offers the main access to media goods in developing countries. The strong tradeoffs that favor using digital piracy in developing economies dictate the current neglected law enforcements toward digital piracy. In China, the issue of digital infringement is not merely legal, but social – originating from the high demand for cheap and affordable goods as well as the governmental connections of the businesses which produce such goods.
পাইরেসি উৎপাদন খরচ বাড়ালেও উন্নয়নশীল দেশগুলোকে আর কী দেওয়া হয়?
{ "text": [ "main access to media goods" ], "answer_start": [ 134 ] }
5725e93b38643c19005ace6d-153
Hellenistic_period
Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism. Out of this revolt was formed an independent Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 BCE to 63 BCE. The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war, which coincided with civil wars in Rome. The last Hasmonean ruler, Antigonus II Mattathias, was captured by Herod and executed in 37 BCE. In spite of originally being a revolt against Greek overlordship, the Hasmonean kingdom and also the Herodian kingdom which followed gradually became more and more hellenized. From 37 BCE to 6 CE, the Herodian dynasty, Jewish-Roman client kings, ruled Judea. Herod the Great considerably enlarged the Temple (see Herod's Temple), making it one of the largest religious structures in the world. The style of the enlarged temple and other Herodian architecture shows significant Hellenistic architectural influence.
শেষ হাসমোনিয় শাসক কে ছিলেন?
{ "text": [ "Antigonus II Mattathias" ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }
570be04b6b8089140040fab6-154
Biodiversity
The term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science and environmental policy. Thomas Lovejoy, in the foreword to the book Conservation Biology, introduced the term to the scientific community. Until then the term "natural diversity" was common, introduced by The Science Division of The Nature Conservancy in an important 1975 study, "The Preservation of Natural Diversity." By the early 1980s TNC's Science program and its head, Robert E. Jenkins, Lovejoy and other leading conservation scientists at the time in America advocated the use of the term "biological diversity".
কোন দশক থেকে বিজ্ঞান ও অর্থনীতিতে জৈব বৈচিত্র্য শব্দটি বহুল ব্যবহৃত হয়ে আসছে?
{ "text": [ "the 1980s" ], "answer_start": [ 252 ] }
57275bbb708984140094dc8f-155
Cotton
Beginning as a self-help program in the mid-1960s, the Cotton Research and Promotion Program (CRPP) was organized by U.S. cotton producers in response to cotton's steady decline in market share. At that time, producers voted to set up a per-bale assessment system to fund the program, with built-in safeguards to protect their investments. With the passage of the Cotton Research and Promotion Act of 1966, the program joined forces and began battling synthetic competitors and re-establishing markets for cotton. Today, the success of this program has made cotton the best-selling fiber in the U.S. and one of the best-selling fibers in the world.[citation needed]
কোন ধরনের প্রতিযোগী ১৯৬৬ সালের আইন লড়াই করতে সাহায্য করে?
{ "text": [ "synthetic competitors" ], "answer_start": [ 452 ] }
5725cf7938643c19005acd6d-156
Israel
Israel is one of the world's technological leaders in water technology. In 2011, its water technology industry was worth around $2 billion a year with annual exports of products and services in the tens of millions of dollars. The ongoing shortage of water in the country has spurred innovation in water conservation techniques, and a substantial agricultural modernization, drip irrigation, was invented in Israel. Israel is also at the technological forefront of desalination and water recycling. The Ashkelon seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant, the largest in the world, was voted 'Desalination Plant of the Year' in the Global Water Awards in 2006. Israel hosts an annual Water Technology Exhibition and Conference (WaTec) that attracts thousands of people from across the world. By 2014, Israel's desalination programs provided roughly 35% of Israel's drinking water and it is expected to supply 40% by 2015 and 70% by 2050. As of May 29, 2015 more than 50 percent of the water for Israeli households, agriculture and industry is artificially produced. As a result of innovations in reverse osmosis technology, Israel is set to become a net exporter of water in the coming years.
ইজরায়েলের নির্লবণীকরণ কার্যক্রমের মাধ্যমে কতটা পানীয় জল উৎপাদিত হয়?
{ "text": [ "35%" ], "answer_start": [ 844 ] }
57263c94271a42140099d7aa-157
Incandescent_light_bulb
While inert gas reduces filament evaporation, it also conducts heat from the filament, thereby cooling the filament and reducing efficiency. At constant pressure and temperature, the thermal conductivity of a gas depends upon the molecular weight of the gas and the cross sectional area of the gas molecules. Higher molecular weight gasses have lower thermal conductivity, because both the molecular weight is higher and also the cross sectional area is higher. Xenon gas improves efficiency because of its high molecular weight, but is also more expensive, so its use is limited to smaller lamps.
কেন জেনন গ্যাস ব্যাপকভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয় না?
{ "text": [ "more expensive, so its use is limited to smaller lamps" ], "answer_start": [ 542 ] }
56de385ccffd8e1900b4b68e-158
Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial procedure; it was contended that Congress had thereby unconstitutionally clothed the judiciary with legislative powers. While Chief Justice John Marshall conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function, he distinguished between "important" subjects and mere details. Marshall wrote that "a general provision may be made, and power given to those who are to act under such general provisions, to fill up the details."
১৮২৫ সালের সেই মামলার নাম কী, যেখানে সর্বোচ্চ আদালত বলেছিল যে, কংগ্রেস আদালতকে তাদের দায়িত্ব অর্পণ করতে পারে?
{ "text": [ "Wayman v. Southard" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }
572784b4f1498d1400e8fa92-159
Heian_period
The game Total War: Shogun 2 has the Rise of the Samurai expansion pack as downloadable campaign. It allows the player to make their own version of the Gempei War which happened during the Heian period. The player is able to choose one of the most powerful families of Japan at the time, the Taira, Minamoto or Fujiwara; each family fielding two branches for a total of six playable clans. The expansion pack features a different set of land units, ships and buildings and is also playable in the multiplayer modes.
সামগ্রিক যুদ্ধের জন্য সামুরাই সম্প্রসারণের উত্থানঃ শগুন ২ হেইয়ান যুগের কোন যুদ্ধকে চিত্রিত করে?
{ "text": [ "Gempei War" ], "answer_start": [ 152 ] }
56dc6cc314d3a41400c26899-160
Comprehensive_school
Starting in 2010/2011, Hauptschulen were merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin (see: Education in Berlin, Education in Hamburg).
হামবুর্গে রিয়েলস্চুলেন আর গেসামচুলেনের সমন্বয়ে কী হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "Stadtteilschule" ], "answer_start": [ 177 ] }
571aeaf69499d21900609bab-161
Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Scholars now believe that the Arian Party was not monolithic, but held drastically different theological views that spanned the early Christian theological spectrum. They supported the tenets of Origenist thought and theology, but had little else in common. Moreover, many labelled "Arian" did not consider themselves followers of Arius. In addition, non-Homoousian bishops disagreed with being labeled as followers of Arius, since Arius was merely a presbyter, while they were fully ordained bishops. However, others point to the Council of Nicaea as proof in and of itself that Arianism was a real theological ideology.[citation needed]
বিশপরা কি নিজেদেরকে আরিয়ান বলে মনে করত?
{ "text": [ "bishops disagreed" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
572791465951b619008f8dc2-162
Carnival
Carnival in Haiti started in 1804 in the capital Port-au-Prince after the declaration of independence. The Port-au-Prince Carnival is one of the largest in North America. It is known as Kanaval in the Creole language. It starts in January, known as "Pre-Kanaval", while the main carnival activities begin in February. In July 2012, Haiti had another carnival called Kanaval de Fleur. Beautiful costumes, floats, Rara parades, masks, foods, and popular rasin music (like Boukman Eksperyans, Foula Vodoule, Tokay, Boukan Ginen, Eritaj, etc.) and kompa bands (such as T-Vice, Djakout No. 1, Sweet Micky, Kreyòl La, D.P. Express, Mizik Mizik, Ram, T-Micky, Carimi, Djakout Mizik, and Scorpio Fever) play for dancers in the streets of the plaza of Champ-de-Mars. An annual song competition takes place.
কোন ঘটনা হাইতিতে কার্নিভালের সূত্রপাত করেছিল?
{ "text": [ "declaration of independence" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }
5728c1414b864d1900164d5a-163
Apollo
In his role as god of prophecy and truth, Apollo had the epithets Manticus (/ˈmæntᵻkəs/ MAN-ti-kəs; Μαντικός, Mantikos, literally "prophetic"), Leschenorius (/ˌlɛskᵻˈnɔəriəs/ LES-ki-NOHR-ee-əs; Λεσχηνόριος, Leskhēnorios, from λεσχήνωρ, "converser"), and Loxias (/ˈlɒksiəs/ LOK-see-əs; Λοξίας, Loxias, from λέγειν, "to say"). The epithet "Loxias" has historically been associated with λοξός, "ambiguous". In this respect, the Romans called him Coelispex (/ˈsɛlᵻspɛks/ SEL-i-speks; from Latin coelum, "sky", and specere, "to look at"). The epithet Iatromantis (/aɪˌætrəˈmæntɪs/ eye-AT-rə-MAN-tis; Ἰατρομάντις, Iātromantis, from ἰατρός, "physician", and μάντις, "prophet") refers to both his role as a god of healing and of prophecy. As god of music and arts, Apollo had the epithet Musagetes (/mjuːˈsædʒᵻtiːz/ mew-SAJ-i-teez; Doric Μουσαγέτας, Mousāgetās) or Musegetes (/mjuːˈsɛdʒᵻtiːz/ mew-SEJ-i-teez; Μουσηγέτης, Mousēgetēs, from Μούσα, "Muse", and ἡγέτης, "leader").
ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী ও সত্যের দেবতা হিসেবে অ্যাপোলোর কোন বিশেষণ ছিল?
{ "text": [ "Manticus" ], "answer_start": [ 66 ] }
5705e37175f01819005e76de-164
New_Delhi
New Delhi (i/ˌnjuː ˈdɛli/) is a municipality and district in Delhi which serves as the capital and seat of government of India. In addition, it also serves as the seat of Government of Delhi.
নয়াদিল্লি কোন অঞ্চলে অবস্থিত?
{ "text": [ "Delhi" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }
5725eaf7271a42140099d31b-165
Incandescent_light_bulb
Luminous efficacy of a light source may be defined in two ways. The radiant luminous efficacy (LER) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths. The source luminous efficacy (LES) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power input to the source, such as a lamp. Visible light is measured in lumens, a unit which is defined in part by the differing sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. Not all wavelengths of visible electromagnetic energy are equally effective at stimulating the human eye; the luminous efficacy of radiant energy (LER) is a measure of how well the distribution of energy matches the perception of the eye. The units of luminous efficacy are "lumens per watt" (lpw). The maximum LER possible is 683 lm/W for monochromatic green light at 555 nanometers wavelength, the peak sensitivity of the human eye.
আলোর উৎসের ঔজ্জ্বল্য কতভাবে সংজ্ঞায়িত করা যায়?
{ "text": [ "two ways" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
570af5b76b8089140040f634-166
Lancashire
The major settlements in the ceremonial county are concentrated on the Fylde coast (the Blackpool Urban Area), and a belt of towns running west-east along the M65: Preston, Blackburn, Accrington, Burnley, Nelson and Colne. South of Preston are the towns of Leyland and Chorley; the three formed part of the Central Lancashire New Town designated in 1970. The north of the county is predominantly rural and sparsely populated, except for the towns of Lancaster and Morecambe which form a large conurbation of almost 100,000 people. Lancashire is home to a significant Asian population, numbering over 70,000 and 6% of the county's population, and concentrated largely in the former cotton mill towns in the south east.
ল্যাঙ্কাশায়ারের কত শতাংশ এশীয়?
{ "text": [ "6%" ], "answer_start": [ 611 ] }
5730048804bcaa1900d7701c-167
Roman_Republic
In 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The plebeians called these new officials "plebeian tribunes". The tribunes would have two assistants, called "plebeian aediles". During the 5th century BC, a series of reforms were passed. The result of these reforms was that any law passed by the plebeian would have the full force of law. In 443 BC, the censorship was created. From 375 BC to 371 BC, the republic experienced a constitutional crisis during which the tribunes used their vetoes to prevent the election of senior magistrates.
প্লেবিয়ান ট্রাইব্যুনালের সহযোগীদের নাম কী ছিল?
{ "text": [ "plebeian aediles" ], "answer_start": [ 403 ] }
570fe26380d9841400ab36f5-168
Dell
Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines.
ডেল কীসের জন্য বদনাম ছিল?
{ "text": [ "customer service" ], "answer_start": [ 27 ] }
572a35beaf94a219006aa8a3-169
Ottoman_Empire
As the Ottoman state attempted to modernize its infrastructure and army in response to threats from the outside, it also opened itself up to a different kind of threat: that of creditors. Indeed, as the historian Eugene Rogan has written, "the single greatest threat to the independence of the Middle East" in the nineteenth century "was not the armies of Europe but its banks." The Ottoman state, which had begun taking on debt with the Crimean War, was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1875. By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain. The body controlled swaths of the Ottoman economy, and used its position to insure that European capital continued to penetrate the empire, often to the detriment of local Ottoman interests.
কোন প্রশাসনকে সাম্রাজ্য তার ঋণ নিয়ন্ত্রণের জন্য ব্যবহার করত?
{ "text": [ "Ottoman Public Debt Administration" ], "answer_start": [ 587 ] }
56e6e10f6fe0821900b8ec1c-170
Westminster_Abbey
The first reports of the abbey are based on a late tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here.
অ্যাবিতে কি ধরনের সন্ন্যাসী বাস করতেন?
{ "text": [ "Benedictine" ], "answer_start": [ 485 ] }
57268b85f1498d1400e8e351-171
Botany
Particularly since the mid-1960s there have been advances in understanding of the physics of plant physiological processes such as transpiration (the transport of water within plant tissues), the temperature dependence of rates of water evaporation from the leaf surface and the molecular diffusion of water vapour and carbon dioxide through stomatal apertures. These developments, coupled with new methods for measuring the size of stomatal apertures, and the rate of photosynthesis have enabled precise description of the rates of gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Innovations in statistical analysis by Ronald Fisher, Frank Yates and others at Rothamsted Experimental Station facilitated rational experimental design and data analysis in botanical research. The discovery and identification of the auxin plant hormones by Kenneth V. Thimann in 1948 enabled regulation of plant growth by externally applied chemicals. Frederick Campion Steward pioneered techniques of micropropagation and plant tissue culture controlled by plant hormones. The synthetic auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4-D was one of the first commercial synthetic herbicides.
কী পাতার ওপর জলের বাষ্পীভবনকে প্রভাবিত করে?
{ "text": [ "temperature" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }
5731dedd0fdd8d15006c65cc-172
Protestantism
Various ecumenical movements have attempted cooperation or reorganization of the various divided Protestant denominations, according to various models of union, but divisions continue to outpace unions, as there is no overarching authority to which any of the churches owe allegiance, which can authoritatively define the faith. Most denominations share common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith while differing in many secondary doctrines, although what is major and what is secondary is a matter of idiosyncratic belief.
প্রটেস্টান্টবাদের কোন অংশটি বৃহত্তর, বিভাজন নাকি ইউনিয়ন?
{ "text": [ "divisions" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
573072ae396df91900096114-173
Translation
Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Doña Marina, an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. Subsequently given along with other women to the invading Spaniards, she became instrumental in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, adviser, intermediary and lover to Hernán Cortés.
কোথা থেকে দাস-ব্যবসায়ীদের লা মালিঞ্চে বিক্রি করা হয়েছিল বা দেওয়া হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "Xicalango" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }
56f9fa1e8f12f31900630037-174
Somalis
Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman.
কত বছর আগে সোমালিয়ায় পাথুরে চিত্র পাওয়া গিয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "5000 years" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
57277a72708984140094deb2-175
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
This liberalization, however, fostered nationalist movements and ethnic disputes within the Soviet Union. It also led indirectly to the revolutions of 1989, in which Soviet-imposed communist regimes of the Warsaw Pact were peacefully toppled (Romania excepted), which in turn increased pressure on Gorbachev to introduce greater democracy and autonomy for the Soviet Union's constituent republics. Under Gorbachev's leadership, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1989 introduced limited competitive elections to a new central legislature, the Congress of People's Deputies (although the ban on other political parties was not lifted until 1990).
কোন দেশে ওয়ারশ চুক্তি বহাল ছিল?
{ "text": [ "Romania" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }
572a346daf94a219006aa89a-176
CBC_Television
The CBC's flagship newscast, The National, airs Sunday through Fridays at 10:00 p.m. EST and Saturdays at 6:00 p.m. EST. Until October 2006, CBC owned-and-operated stations aired a second broadcast of the program at 11:00 p.m.; this later broadcast included only the main news portion of the program, and excluded the analysis and documentary segment. This second airing was later replaced with other programming, and as of the 2012-13 television season, was replaced on CBC's major market stations by a half-hour late newscast. There is also a short news update, at most, on late Saturday evenings. During hockey season, this update is usually found during the first intermission of the second game of the doubleheader on Hockey Night in Canada.
কোন শিরোনাম সিবিসি এর ফ্ল্যাগশিপ নিউজ কাস্ট?
{ "text": [ "The National" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
56f98f329b226e1400dd1574-177
Brain
The first real progress toward a modern understanding of nervous function, though, came from the investigations of Luigi Galvani, who discovered that a shock of static electricity applied to an exposed nerve of a dead frog could cause its leg to contract. Since that time, each major advance in understanding has followed more or less directly from the development of a new technique of investigation. Until the early years of the 20th century, the most important advances were derived from new methods for staining cells. Particularly critical was the invention of the Golgi stain, which (when correctly used) stains only a small fraction of neurons, but stains them in their entirety, including cell body, dendrites, and axon. Without such a stain, brain tissue under a microscope appears as an impenetrable tangle of protoplasmic fibers, in which it is impossible to determine any structure. In the hands of Camillo Golgi, and especially of the Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal, the new stain revealed hundreds of distinct types of neurons, each with its own unique dendritic structure and pattern of connectivity.
কোন জাতীয়তা ছিল সান্তিয়াগো রামোন ই কাজালের?
{ "text": [ "Spanish" ], "answer_start": [ 948 ] }
572fa09004bcaa1900d76b16-178
The_Blitz
Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as aircraft technology advanced, from 75 in 1922, to 150 in 1934, to 644 in 1937. That year the Committee on Imperial Defence estimated that an attack of 60 days would result in 600,000 dead and 1,200,000 wounded. News reports of the Spanish Civil War, such as the bombing of Barcelona, supported the 50-casualties-per-tonne estimate. By 1938 experts generally expected that Germany would attempt to drop as much as 3,500 tonnes in the first 24 hours of war and average 700 tonnes a day for several weeks. In addition to high explosive and incendiary bombs the enemy would possibly use poison gas and even bacteriological warfare, all with a high degree of accuracy. In 1939 military theorist Basil Liddell-Hart predicted that 250,000 deaths and injuries in Britain could occur in the first week of war.
যুদ্ধের প্রথম ২৪ ঘণ্টায় জার্মানি কতোটা টন নিচে নামবে বলে বিশেষজ্ঞরা আশা করেছিলেন?
{ "text": [ "3,500" ], "answer_start": [ 731 ] }
56e19be4e3433e1400423018-179
Catalan_language
Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element.
কোন ফর্মটা উদ্ভাবনী?
{ "text": [ "Central Catalan" ], "answer_start": [ 232 ] }
56f87cd7a6d7ea1400e176d6-180
Southampton
There are three members of parliament for the city: Royston Smith (Conservative) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes a northern portion of the city.
রয়স্টন স্মিথের নির্বাচনী এলাকা কী?
{ "text": [ "Southampton Itchen" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
57279c29708984140094e22b-181
North_Carolina
While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.
ক্যারোলিনা সহ দেশের অংশটিকে দেওয়া ধর্মীয় নামটি কী?
{ "text": [ "Bible Belt" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }
5726fce9dd62a815002e9710-182
Nutrition
The United Healthcare/Pacificare nutrition guideline recommends a whole plant food diet, and recommends using protein only as a condiment with meals. A National Geographic cover article from November 2005, entitled The Secrets of Living Longer, also recommends a whole plant food diet. The article is a lifestyle survey of three populations, Sardinians, Okinawans, and Adventists, who generally display longevity and "suffer a fraction of the diseases that commonly kill people in other parts of the developed world, and enjoy more healthy years of life." In sum, they offer three sets of 'best practices' to emulate. The rest is up to you. In common with all three groups is to "Eat fruits, vegetables, and whole grains."
কে এমন এক নির্দেশিকা প্রকাশ করেছে, যা লোকেদের পুরো উদ্ভিদ খাদ্য তালিকা অনুসরণ করার পরামর্শ দেয়?
{ "text": [ "United Healthcare/Pacificare" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
56d12b6b17492d1400aabb3b-183
Kanye_West
West began an on-and-off relationship with designer Alexis Phifer in 2002, and they became engaged in August 2006. The pair ended their 18-month engagement in 2008. West subsequently dated model Amber Rose from 2008 until the summer of 2010. West began dating reality star and longtime friend Kim Kardashian in April 2012. West and Kardashian became engaged in October 2013, and married on May 24, 2014 at Fort di Belvedere in Florence, Italy. Their private ceremony was subject to widespread mainstream coverage, with West taking issue with the couple's portrayal in the media. They have two children: daughter North "Nori" West (born June 15, 2013) and son Saint West (born December 5, 2015). In April 2015, West and Kardashian traveled to Jerusalem to have North baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James. The couple's high status and respective careers have resulted in their relationship becoming subject to heavy media coverage; The New York Times referred to their marriage as "a historic blizzard of celebrity."
কিম কার্দাশিয়ানের সঙ্গে কবে ডেটিং শুরু করেছিলেন ক্যানি ওয়েস্ট?
{ "text": [ "April 2012" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
570b933d6b8089140040f9a7-184
Infrared
Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49% of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at longer wavelengths. Visible light or ultraviolet-emitting lasers can char paper and incandescently hot objects emit visible radiation. Objects at room temperature will emit radiation concentrated mostly in the 8 to 25 µm band, but this is not distinct from the emission of visible light by incandescent objects and ultraviolet by even hotter objects (see black body and Wien's displacement law).
ইনফ্রারেড আলো ছাড়া, পৃথিবীকে গরম করার জন্য কোন ধরনের আলো দায়ী?
{ "text": [ "visible" ], "answer_start": [ 266 ] }
56dfa58d7aa994140058df7e-185
Lighting
Analysis of lighting quality particularly emphasizes use of natural lighting, but also considers spectral content if artificial light is to be used. Not only will greater reliance on natural light reduce energy consumption, but will favorably impact human health and performance. New studies have shown that the performance of students is influenced by the time and duration of daylight in their regular schedules. Designing school facilities to incorporate the right types of light at the right time of day for the right duration may improve student performance and well-being. Similarly, designing lighting systems that maximize the right amount of light at the appropriate time of day for the elderly may help relieve symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. The human circadian system is entrained to a 24-hour light-dark pattern that mimics the earth’s natural light/dark pattern. When those patterns are disrupted, they disrupt the natural circadian cycle. Circadian disruption may lead to numerous health problems including breast cancer, seasonal affective disorder, delayed sleep phase syndrome, and other ailments.
(খ) বয়স্কদের জন্য উপযুক্ত সময়ে সঠিক পরিমাণ আলোর ব্যবহার কোন বিষয়ে সাহায্য করতে পারে?
{ "text": [ "Alzheimer's Disease" ], "answer_start": [ 733 ] }
57305ed58ab72b1400f9c4a8-186
Roman_Republic
Roman religious beliefs date back to the founding of Rome, around 800 BC. However, the Roman religion commonly associated with the republic and early empire did not begin until around 500 BC, when Romans came in contact with Greek culture, and adopted many of the Greek religious beliefs. Private and personal worship was an important aspect of religious practices. In a sense, each household was a temple to the gods. Each household had an altar (lararium), at which the family members would offer prayers, perform rites, and interact with the household gods. Many of the gods that Romans worshiped came from the Proto-Indo-European pantheon, others were based on Greek gods. The two most famous deities were Jupiter (the king God) and Mars (the god of war). With its cultural influence spreading over most of the Mediterranean, Romans began accepting foreign gods into their own culture, as well as other philosophical traditions such as Cynicism and Stoicism.
রোমীয় ধর্ম, যা সাধারণভাবে প্রজাতন্ত্রের সঙ্গে সম্পর্কযুক্ত, প্রথম কখন প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "around 500 BC" ], "answer_start": [ 177 ] }
57261636271a42140099d463-187
Clothing
Different cultures have evolved various ways of creating clothes out of cloth. One approach simply involves draping the cloth. Many people wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit – for example, the dhoti for men and the sari for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt or the Javanese sarong. The clothes may simply be tied up, as is the case of the first two garments; or pins or belts hold the garments in place, as in the case of the latter two. The precious cloth remains uncut, and people of various sizes or the same person at different sizes can wear the garment.
কোন মূল্যবান বিষয়বস্তু অক্ষুণ্ণ থাকতে পারে?
{ "text": [ "cloth" ], "answer_start": [ 514 ] }
56ddf1d166d3e219004dae41-188
Institute_of_technology
In the French-speaking part of Switzerland exists also the term haute école specialisée for a type of institution called Fachhochschule in the German-speaking part of the country. (see below).
ফরাসিভাষী সুইজারল্যান্ডের মানুষ যাকে বলে 'হাউট ইকোলে স্পেশালিসজ্যাক ই', তার জন্য জার্মান ভাষায় কী শব্দ ব্যবহার করা হয়?
{ "text": [ "Fachhochschule" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }
573098542461fd1900a9cedd-189
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions.
হোয়াইটহেড পশ্চিমের কোন দর্শনকে চ্যালেঞ্জ করেছিলেন?
{ "text": [ "how the universe works" ], "answer_start": [ 444 ] }
56d0880f234ae51400d9c352-190
Solar_energy
Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winner's average speed was 67 kilometres per hour (42 mph) and by 2007 the winner's average speed had improved to 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph). The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge are comparable competitions that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles.
১৯৮৭ সালে একটি বিজয়ী সৌরশক্তি চালিত গাড়ির গড় গতি কত ছিল?
{ "text": [ "67 kilometres per hour (42 mph)" ], "answer_start": [ 343 ] }
570f8bb680d9841400ab35b7-191
Elizabeth_II
Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey. They received 2500 wedding gifts from around the world. Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell. In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either.
ইলীশাবেৎ ও ফিলিপ কত বিবাহের উপহার পেয়েছিলেন?
{ "text": [ "2500" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
56f74b3caef2371900625ac3-192
Classical_music
The music of the Romantic era, from roughly the first decade of the 19th century to the early 20th century, was characterized by increased attention to an extended melodic line, as well as expressive and emotional elements, paralleling romanticism in other art forms. Musical forms began to break from the Classical era forms (even as those were being codified), with free-form pieces like nocturnes, fantasias, and preludes being written where accepted ideas about the exposition and development of themes were ignored or minimized. The music became more chromatic, dissonant, and tonally colorful, with tensions (with respect to accepted norms of the older forms) about key signatures increasing. The art song (or Lied) came to maturity in this era, as did the epic scales of grand opera, ultimately transcended by Richard Wagner's Ring cycle.
ফ্রি-ফর্ম পিস যেমন নক্টরনেস আর প্রেলুডস কোন যুগের বিরতি?
{ "text": [ "Classical" ], "answer_start": [ 306 ] }
572a1b551d04691400779795-193
Philosophy_of_space_and_time
Leibniz describes a space that exists only as a relation between objects, and which has no existence apart from the existence of those objects. Motion exists only as a relation between those objects. Newtonian space provided the absolute frame of reference within which objects can have motion. In Newton's system, the frame of reference exists independently of the objects contained within it. These objects can be described as moving in relation to space itself. For many centuries, the evidence of a concave water surface held authority.
কোন রেফারেন্সের পরম কাঠামো প্রদান করে যার মধ্যে বস্তুর গতি থাকতে পারে?
{ "text": [ "Newtonian space" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }
57269c875951b619008f77c8-194
Korean_War
The Battle of Osan, the first significant American engagement of the Korean War, involved the 540-soldier Task Force Smith, which was a small forward element of the 24th Infantry Division which had been flown in from Japan. On 5 July 1950, Task Force Smith attacked the North Koreans at Osan but without weapons capable of destroying the North Koreans' tanks. They were unsuccessful; the result was 180 dead, wounded, or taken prisoner. The KPA progressed southwards, pushing back the US force at Pyongtaek, Chonan, and Chochiwon, forcing the 24th Division's retreat to Taejeon, which the KPA captured in the Battle of Taejon; the 24th Division suffered 3,602 dead and wounded and 2,962 captured, including the Division's Commander, Major General William F. Dean.
ওসানের যুদ্ধে কোন পদাতিক ডিভিশন জড়িত ছিল?
{ "text": [ "24th Infantry Division" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
56f8b6149b226e1400dd0e92-195
Gene
Defining exactly what section of a DNA sequence comprises a gene is difficult. Regulatory regions of a gene such as enhancers do not necessarily have to be close to the coding sequence on the linear molecule because the intervening DNA can be looped out to bring the gene and its regulatory region into proximity. Similarly, a gene's introns can be much larger than its exons. Regulatory regions can even be on entirely different chromosomes and operate in trans to allow regulatory regions on one chromosome to come in contact with target genes on another chromosome.
বিভিন্ন ক্রোমোজোমের অঞ্চলগুলি একে অপরের সংস্পর্শে আসার জন্য কীভাবে বিভিন্ন ক্রোমোজোমের নিয়ন্ত্রক অঞ্চলগুলি কাজ করে?
{ "text": [ "in trans" ], "answer_start": [ 454 ] }
572703995951b619008f8495-196
Crimean_War
Winter, and a deteriorating supply situation on both sides of troops and materiel, led to a halt in ground operations. Sevastopol remained invested by the allies, while the allied armies were hemmed in by the Russian army in the interior. On 14 November a storm sank thirty allied transport ships including HMS Prince which was carrying a cargo of winter clothing.:435 The storm and heavy traffic caused the road from the coast to the troops to disintegrate into a quagmire, requiring engineers to devote most of their time to its repair including quarrying stone. A tramroad was ordered. It arrived in January with a civilian engineering crew, however it was March before it was sufficiently advanced to be of any appreciable value.:439 An Electrical telegraph was also ordered, but the frozen ground delayed its installation until March, when communications from the base port of Balaklava to the British HQ was established. The Pipe-and-cable-laying plough failed because of the hard frozen soil, but even so 21 miles of cable were laid.:449
কোন কারণে বৈদ্যুতিক টেলিগ্রাফ কিছু সময়ের জন্য বিলম্বিত হয়েছিল?
{ "text": [ "the frozen ground" ], "answer_start": [ 784 ] }
57101890b654c5140001f7d7-197
Sexual_orientation
The SASO consists of 12 questions. Six of these questions assess sexual attraction, four assess sexual behavior, and two assess sexual orientation identity. For each question on the scale that measures homosexuality there is a corresponding question that measures heterosexuality giving six matching pairs of questions. Taken all together, the six pairs of questions and responses provide a profile of an individual's sexual orientation. However, results can be further simplified into four summaries that look specifically at responses that correspond to either homosexuality, heterosexuality, bisexuality or asexuality.
এসএএসও ব্যবহার করার সময় ফলাফলগুলি কীভাবে সহজ করা হয়?
{ "text": [ "into four summaries that look specifically at responses that correspond to either homosexuality, heterosexuality, bisexuality or asexuality." ], "answer_start": [ 481 ] }
5726b361708984140094ce28-198
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)
Politically, the paper's stance was less clear under Prime Minister Gordon Brown who succeeded Blair in June 2007. Its editorials were critical of many of Brown's policies and often more supportive of those of Conservative leader David Cameron. Rupert Murdoch, head of The Sun's parent company News Corporation, speaking at a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, said that he acts as a "traditional proprietor". This means he exercises editorial control on major issues such as which political party to back in a general election or which policy to adopt on Europe.
কনজারভেটিভ পার্টির সেই নেতা কে যাকে দ্য সান প্রায়ই সমর্থন করত?
{ "text": [ "David Cameron" ], "answer_start": [ 230 ] }
57270596708984140094d89b-199
Nutrition
Research in the field of nutrition has greatly contributed in finding out the essential facts about how environmental depletion can lead to crucial nutrition-related health problems like contamination, spread of contagious diseases, malnutrition, etc. Moreover, environmental contamination due to discharge of agricultural as well as industrial chemicals like organocholrines, heavy metal, and radionucleotides may adversely affect the human and the ecosystem as a whole. As far as safety of the human health is concerned, then these environmental contaminants can reduce people's nutritional status and health. This could directly or indirectly cause drastic changes in their diet habits. Hence, food-based remedial as well as preventive strategies are essential to address global issues like hunger and malnutrition and to enable the susceptible people to adapt themselves to all these environmental as well as socio-economic alterations.
যদি লোকেদের পুষ্টির অবস্থা এবং স্বাস্থ্যের পরিবর্তন হয়, তাহলে এটা তাদের দৈনন্দিন রুটিনে কী প্রভাব ফেলতে পারে?
{ "text": [ "diet habits" ], "answer_start": [ 677 ] }
572770c1dd62a815002e9cec-200
Heian_period
As the Soga clan had taken control of the throne in the sixth century, the Fujiwara by the ninth century had intermarried with the imperial family, and one of their members was the first head of the Emperor's Private Office. Another Fujiwara became regent, Sesshō for his grandson, then a minor emperor, and yet another was appointed Kampaku. Toward the end of the ninth century, several emperors tried, but failed, to check the Fujiwara. For a time, however, during the reign of Emperor Daigo (897-930), the Fujiwara regency was suspended as he ruled directly.
কোন সম্রাট ফুজিওয়ারা গোত্রের ক্ষমতা স্থগিত করেছিলেন?
{ "text": [ "Daigo" ], "answer_start": [ 488 ] }