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[ "After Clearwater, Florida chicken wing pioneering restaurant chain Hooters began rapidly expanding, Florida based, Canadian-born restaurant entrepreneur Ed Burnett saw the opportunity.", "Burnett secured the rights to a closed restaurant (\"Knockers\") and opened \"The WingHouse\" restaurant at 7369 Ulmerton Road, Largo, Florida, a high traffic corridor.", "He strategically selected the restaurant in between where people work (commercial real estate) and live (residential real estate), to appeal to the local lunch crowd and family dining crowd.", "This flagship location proved to be a success soon after launching and is the model that the chain expanded on.", "Burnett, looking to expand to additional locations, accepted a financing partner (Crawford Ker) during this time frame, to open additional locations and beyond.", "Burnett's goal was to open 20 to 50 locations, and then sell the chain to a larger restaurant chain or investors.", "Burnett would ultimately regret his choice of investor.", "In 1992, Ker retired from the NFL and took a job selling cars at a local dealer.", "In 1994, he invested half interest in a Largo, Florida wing restaurant called, \"Wing House\" that imitated Hooters.", "The restaurant was always The Wing House, and the atmosphere was always toned down to make it more family friendly.", "The restaurant did well and two additional locations were opened in the Tampa Bay area in the following three years.", "Ker won a $1.2-million jury award from Hooters in late 2004, which had sued him for trademark violations for allegedly using their uniforms and decor.", "After a three-week trial in which lawyers discussed hula hoops, surfboards, scrunchy socks, pantyhose, and something called \"vicarious sexual recreation\", the jury ruled that no trademark infringement existed and Hooters was penalized for their frivolous lawsuit.", "Hooters appealed the decision, but in June, 2006, the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta upheld the verdict.", "As of 2007, the company had 1,700 employees at 22 locations with revenue of nearly $60 million.", "Ker attended, and the company participated in, the 2007 National Buffalo Wing Festival and placed first in the \"traditional x-hot sauce\" category and gained some national recognition.", "On June 4, 2008 the company announced the launch of its national franchise program.", "In mid-2008 the chain operated 19 locations in Florida and Texas and expected to add six franchises by the end of 2008, and 48 by 2011.", "The initial focus was for franchises in the Southeastern US.", "WingHouses feature several amenities that differ from other wing restaurants, including Hooters.", "There is a full liquor bar in every store, sports memorabilia line the walls instead of NASCAR and most locations include a game room.", "Super Bowl XLIII in Tampa, Florida attracted the rich and famous; WingHouse hosted three events to raise money for charity." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]

[ "WingHouse Bar & Grill (formerly Ker’s WingHouse Bar & Grill) is a restaurant chain based in Florida, created and founded by Ed Burnett, a Canadian restaurant entrepreneur.", "After opening his first WingHouse location, Burnett sought out investors to open additional WingHouse locations.", "Burnett accepted investor Crawford Ker (a former National Football League player) to assist financing the expansion." ]

[ "Turner was born in Monahans, Texas, and attended school in Levelland, which he described as \"a place so flat you can watch your dog run away for two days\".", "He received his first guitar as a gift from his parents when he was eleven years old and his father taught him to play the songs he heard on the radio.", "He attended Texas Tech University in Lubbock, where he was an All-American decathlete.", "He also played in a band called Diamondback during his time in college.", "Turner signed to Warner Bros. Records in 2004.", "He released two singles for the label—\"Always Wanting More (Breathless)\" and \"Let You Go\"—but no album.", "He also co-wrote Blaine Larsen's single \"I Don't Know What She Said\".", "In 2008, Turner was a contestant on \"The Next GAC Star\", which aired on the network Great American Country.", "He completed the competition as runner up to winning band One Night Rodeo.", "As of early 2011, Lane has replaced Dustin Evans as lead vocalist for the country music band Western Underground, originally fronted by Chris LeDoux." ]

[ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

[ "Signed to Warner Bros. Records since 2004, he released two singles for the label, including \"Always Wanting More (Breathless)\", which reached No. 56 on the Hot Country Songs charts in 2004.", "Lane signed with Original Signal Recordings in 2009." ]

[ "The 1994 NFL draft was held April 24–25, 1994.", "This was the first draft in which the rounds were reduced to seven in total.", "Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text.", "Sunday, September 4, 1994 – Kickoff 1:01 PM Eastern\nPlayed at Giants Stadium with 68F degrees and 11 MPH wind\n\"'1st Quarter Highlights\"\nQB Dave Brown intercepted by Mark McMillian of the Eagles.", "KR Jeff Snyder fumbles and the Giants recover.", "Giants RB Rodney Hampton 1 yard TD run.", "(7–0 Giants)\nGiants PR Dave Meggett returns punt 68 yard TD (14–0 Giants)", "Saturday, December 24, 1994 Kickoff 1:00 PM Eastern\nPlayed at Riverfront Stadium on an AstroTurf playing surface in 38F degrees with a 12 MPH wind", "Shortly after the season ended, head coach Rich Kotite was fired.", "There were rumors that the Eagles new owner Jeffrey Lurie would not keep him on as coach.", "His fate was sealed when, after a 7-2 start, the Eagles lost the last 7 games of the season and missed the playoffs.", "During the few weeks the Eagles would interview outside the organization for a replacement, they had to wait until the Super Bowl was played to talk to candidates from the teams in the playoffs.", "Less than a week after Super Bowl XXIX, won by the San Francisco 49ers, the Eagles hired their defensive coordinator Ray Rhodes." ]

[ 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ]

[ "Rich Kotite's fate as Eagles head coach was sealed after a seven-game losing streak to end the season knocked Philly from the top of the NFC at 7–2 all the way to fourth place in the Eastern Division." ]

[ "The stroke belt is typically defined to include the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.", "In 1980 these 11 states had age-adjusted stroke mortality rates more than 10% above the national average.", "Some investigators also consider North Florida to be a part of the stroke belt, based on a stroke mortality rate higher than several states included in the region.", "East Texas also is characterized as a stroke belt.", "The stroke belt was first identified in 1962 by Centers for Disease Control (CDC) researchers who noted a concentration of high stroke death rates in the Atlantic coastal plain counties of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.", "Similar high stroke rates were later observed in the Mississippi Delta region as well.", "Analysis by the CDC of U.S. mortality statistics from the period 1991 to 1998 found that for both blacks and whites the counties with the highest stroke death rates were in the southeastern states and the Mississippi Delta region.", "Stroke death rates for states ranged from a high of 169 per 100,000 in South Carolina to a low of 89 per 100,000 in New York.", "While most observational studies have focused primarily on stroke incidence in adults, in 2004 researchers reported that children in the eleven stroke belt states also have an increased risk of death from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke compared with children in other states.", "Glymour et al. (2007) reported that adults who had resided in the stroke belt during childhood and had moved outside the region had higher stroke risk at ages 50 and older than adults who grew up in areas with lower stroke incidence.", "A study reported in 2011 found that people over age 45 living in the eight \"stroke belt\" states of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee had an 18 percent higher incidence of cognitive decline than people in other U.S. regions.", "Another researcher noted that, \"Stroke by itself is a major contributor to cognitive impairment and dementia.\"", "Other researchers have made similar observations.", "In 2011, CDC researchers mapped the occurrence of diabetes in the U.S. by county, finding that highest prevalence of diabetes is in a \"diabetes belt\" that has extensive overlap with the stroke belt.", "The causes of the elevated incidence of stroke in the stroke belt region have not been determined.", "Numerous possible contributing factors have been identified, including hypertension, low socioeconomic status, diet, cultural lifestyle, quality of healthcare facilities, smoking, and infections.", "Among the specific factors that have been proposed or studied are the following:", "The U.S. federal government has conducted public health programs specifically aimed at reducing stroke incidence and mortality in the stroke belt.", "In the 1990s the Stroke Belt Initiative operated in eleven stroke belt states, providing nutrition education, blood pressure screening, smoking cessation programs, weight loss programs, and other health promotion and public education initiatives targeted at stroke risk factors.", "In 2004, the Stroke Belt Elimination Initiative of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services awarded grants aimed at reducing the high incidence of stroke and high rates of stroke death and disability in the seven states with the highest rates of stroke (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee).", "The term \"stroke belt\" is modeled after similar terms used for U.S. regions such as \"snowbelt\" and \"Sun Belt\", which extend the analogy to the belt as an article of clothing.", "The coastal plain counties of the Carolinas and Georgia — where the stroke belt phenomenon was first described, and where stroke incidence is highest — are sometimes called the \"buckle of the stroke belt\" or the \"stroke buckle\"." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "It is usually defined as a 11-state region consisting of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.", "It is often disputed if Texas belongs in the Stroke Belt." ]

[ "The stroke belt is typically defined to include the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.", "In 1980 these 11 states had age-adjusted stroke mortality rates more than 10% above the national average.", "Some investigators also consider North Florida to be a part of the stroke belt, based on a stroke mortality rate higher than several states included in the region.", "East Texas also is characterized as a stroke belt.", "The stroke belt was first identified in 1962 by Centers for Disease Control (CDC) researchers who noted a concentration of high stroke death rates in the Atlantic coastal plain counties of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.", "Similar high stroke rates were later observed in the Mississippi Delta region as well.", "Analysis by the CDC of U.S. mortality statistics from the period 1991 to 1998 found that for both blacks and whites the counties with the highest stroke death rates were in the southeastern states and the Mississippi Delta region.", "Stroke death rates for states ranged from a high of 169 per 100,000 in South Carolina to a low of 89 per 100,000 in New York.", "While most observational studies have focused primarily on stroke incidence in adults, in 2004 researchers reported that children in the eleven stroke belt states also have an increased risk of death from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke compared with children in other states.", "Glymour et al. (2007) reported that adults who had resided in the stroke belt during childhood and had moved outside the region had higher stroke risk at ages 50 and older than adults who grew up in areas with lower stroke incidence.", "A study reported in 2011 found that people over age 45 living in the eight \"stroke belt\" states of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee had an 18 percent higher incidence of cognitive decline than people in other U.S. regions.", "Another researcher noted that, \"Stroke by itself is a major contributor to cognitive impairment and dementia.\"", "Other researchers have made similar observations.", "In 2011, CDC researchers mapped the occurrence of diabetes in the U.S. by county, finding that highest prevalence of diabetes is in a \"diabetes belt\" that has extensive overlap with the stroke belt.", "The causes of the elevated incidence of stroke in the stroke belt region have not been determined.", "Numerous possible contributing factors have been identified, including hypertension, low socioeconomic status, diet, cultural lifestyle, quality of healthcare facilities, smoking, and infections.", "Among the specific factors that have been proposed or studied are the following:", "The U.S. federal government has conducted public health programs specifically aimed at reducing stroke incidence and mortality in the stroke belt.", "In the 1990s the Stroke Belt Initiative operated in eleven stroke belt states, providing nutrition education, blood pressure screening, smoking cessation programs, weight loss programs, and other health promotion and public education initiatives targeted at stroke risk factors.", "In 2004, the Stroke Belt Elimination Initiative of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services awarded grants aimed at reducing the high incidence of stroke and high rates of stroke death and disability in the seven states with the highest rates of stroke (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee).", "The term \"stroke belt\" is modeled after similar terms used for U.S. regions such as \"snowbelt\" and \"Sun Belt\", which extend the analogy to the belt as an article of clothing.", "The coastal plain counties of the Carolinas and Georgia — where the stroke belt phenomenon was first described, and where stroke incidence is highest — are sometimes called the \"buckle of the stroke belt\" or the \"stroke buckle\"." ]

[ 14, 15, 16 ]

[ "Although many possible causes for the high stroke incidence have been investigated, the reasons for the phenomenon have not been determined." ]

[ "There was an Indian settlement and fort at the confluence of the Nerepis and the St John Rivers (Woodman's Point), known to the French as early as 1696.", "The French, under the command of Boishébert, rebuilt the fort in 1749 and renamed it Fort Boishebert.", "The fort was used as a base to lead a harassment campaign against the English.", "The fort was abandoned after Fort LaTour was rebuilt at the mouth of the St John.", "The land came to be settled by Loyalists following the American Revolution.", "Lands were granted to those who had pleased the British.", "Among the recipients was Maj. John Coffin, a half-pay officer of the New York Volunteers and later a member of the Assembly in New Brunswick.", "Early in the European period of New Brunswick settlement, Route 7 ran along the west side of the river providing the main link between the capital city of Fredericton and the port city of Saint John.", "Part of the route was superseded in 1965 and is now designated Route 177 (Nerepis Road).", "There are more than half a dozen bridges or culverts over the river.", "A long crib bridge structure in the nineteenth century was short-lived.", "It served the modern Route 102.", "Over many years, military practice manoeuvres at CFB Gagetown have degraded the water quality and affected fish habitat in the river and its tributaries.", "Since 1996, the base has been actively working to remedy the situation by hardening fords and stream approach routes.", "Perhaps more insidiously, the river was also exposed to dioxins from the use of Agent Orange and Agent Purple during secret tests in 1966 and 1967.", "Herbicides have also been sprayed on the base since 1952.", "However, a 2006 report found that “exposures to dioxin in soil, sediment and surface water in the Nerepis River area do not represent a potential concern for illness for the angler.”", "The Nerepis Marsh, a fresh-water body of approximately in size, lies near the confluence of the Nerepis and the Saint John rivers." ]

[ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ]

[ "The Nerepis River is a river approximately long in New Brunswick, Canada." ]

[ "There was an Indian settlement and fort at the confluence of the Nerepis and the St John Rivers (Woodman's Point), known to the French as early as 1696.", "The French, under the command of Boishébert, rebuilt the fort in 1749 and renamed it Fort Boishebert.", "The fort was used as a base to lead a harassment campaign against the English.", "The fort was abandoned after Fort LaTour was rebuilt at the mouth of the St John.", "The land came to be settled by Loyalists following the American Revolution.", "Lands were granted to those who had pleased the British.", "Among the recipients was Maj. John Coffin, a half-pay officer of the New York Volunteers and later a member of the Assembly in New Brunswick.", "Early in the European period of New Brunswick settlement, Route 7 ran along the west side of the river providing the main link between the capital city of Fredericton and the port city of Saint John.", "Part of the route was superseded in 1965 and is now designated Route 177 (Nerepis Road).", "There are more than half a dozen bridges or culverts over the river.", "A long crib bridge structure in the nineteenth century was short-lived.", "It served the modern Route 102.", "Over many years, military practice manoeuvres at CFB Gagetown have degraded the water quality and affected fish habitat in the river and its tributaries.", "Since 1996, the base has been actively working to remedy the situation by hardening fords and stream approach routes.", "Perhaps more insidiously, the river was also exposed to dioxins from the use of Agent Orange and Agent Purple during secret tests in 1966 and 1967.", "Herbicides have also been sprayed on the base since 1952.", "However, a 2006 report found that “exposures to dioxin in soil, sediment and surface water in the Nerepis River area do not represent a potential concern for illness for the angler.”", "The Nerepis Marsh, a fresh-water body of approximately in size, lies near the confluence of the Nerepis and the Saint John rivers." ]

[ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]

[ "A popular river for canoeists and anglers, it is a tributary of the Saint John River.", "The Nerepis River Watershed also drains part of CFB Gagetown." ]

[ "Battle Ground is a member of the Washington Interscholastic Athletics Association (WIAA) and competes in the Greater St. Helens 4A league.", "In 2006 The Battle Ground Tigers won the WIAA State Wrestling Team Championship.", "The Tigers finished with 110 total points 7.5 points ahead of second place Auburn High School.", "The Tigers effort was led by junior Trevor Hall (145 lbs.), sophomore Eric Starks (135 lbs) and senior Anthony Hayes (119 lbs.) who all won individual State Championships.", "Junior Andrew Buck (171 lbs.) added a second-place finish as well.", "\"League Championships\"\n\"Teams that started 5-0\"", "Battle Ground High School usually has enough students involved in jazz band to create three before school jazz bands; Intermediate Jazz 2, Intermediate Jazz 1, and Advanced Jazz Bands.", "All three bands compete, the Intermediate Jazz 2 competes at the 2A level, the Intermediate Jazz 1 competing at the 3A level, and the Advanced Jazz Band competing at the 4A level.", "The Battle Ground Advanced Jazz Band has won sweepstakes multiple times at the Clackamas Community College Jazz Festival, first place at the Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival in Idaho, first place at the Portland Rose Festival Jazz Band Classic, and in 2002 recorded a CD entitled \"How Sweet", "It Is\" featuring nine jazz classics.", "They have also taken 2nd place at the Essentially Ellington festival in New York, New York in 2006, and 3rd place at Swing Central in Savannah, Georgia in 2009.", "The Battle Ground High School Marching Band placed first in the Out of State Division A (99 members or less) on Saturday, June 11, 2011, in the Grand Floral Parade in Portland, Oregon, part of the Portland Rose Festival, beating the previous year's winner, Columbia River High School and their rival, Prairie High School.", "The Tiger Marching Band also placed second in the same parade the previous year." ]

[ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ]

[ "Battle Ground High School (BGHS) is a public high school in Battle Ground, Washington, United States.", "It is part of the Battle Ground Public Schools district." ]

[ "Battle Ground is a member of the Washington Interscholastic Athletics Association (WIAA) and competes in the Greater St. Helens 4A league.", "In 2006 The Battle Ground Tigers won the WIAA State Wrestling Team Championship.", "The Tigers finished with 110 total points 7.5 points ahead of second place Auburn High School.", "The Tigers effort was led by junior Trevor Hall (145 lbs.), sophomore Eric Starks (135 lbs) and senior Anthony Hayes (119 lbs.) who all won individual State Championships.", "Junior Andrew Buck (171 lbs.) added a second-place finish as well.", "\"League Championships\"\n\"Teams that started 5-0\"", "Battle Ground High School usually has enough students involved in jazz band to create three before school jazz bands; Intermediate Jazz 2, Intermediate Jazz 1, and Advanced Jazz Bands.", "All three bands compete, the Intermediate Jazz 2 competes at the 2A level, the Intermediate Jazz 1 competing at the 3A level, and the Advanced Jazz Band competing at the 4A level.", "The Battle Ground Advanced Jazz Band has won sweepstakes multiple times at the Clackamas Community College Jazz Festival, first place at the Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival in Idaho, first place at the Portland Rose Festival Jazz Band Classic, and in 2002 recorded a CD entitled \"How Sweet", "It Is\" featuring nine jazz classics.", "They have also taken 2nd place at the Essentially Ellington festival in New York, New York in 2006, and 3rd place at Swing Central in Savannah, Georgia in 2009.", "The Battle Ground High School Marching Band placed first in the Out of State Division A (99 members or less) on Saturday, June 11, 2011, in the Grand Floral Parade in Portland, Oregon, part of the Portland Rose Festival, beating the previous year's winner, Columbia River High School and their rival, Prairie High School.", "The Tiger Marching Band also placed second in the same parade the previous year." ]

[ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]

[ "It is part of the Battle Ground Public Schools district." ]

[ "Battle Ground is a member of the Washington Interscholastic Athletics Association (WIAA) and competes in the Greater St. Helens 4A league.", "In 2006 The Battle Ground Tigers won the WIAA State Wrestling Team Championship.", "The Tigers finished with 110 total points 7.5 points ahead of second place Auburn High School.", "The Tigers effort was led by junior Trevor Hall (145 lbs.), sophomore Eric Starks (135 lbs) and senior Anthony Hayes (119 lbs.) who all won individual State Championships.", "Junior Andrew Buck (171 lbs.) added a second-place finish as well.", "\"League Championships\"\n\"Teams that started 5-0\"", "Battle Ground High School usually has enough students involved in jazz band to create three before school jazz bands; Intermediate Jazz 2, Intermediate Jazz 1, and Advanced Jazz Bands.", "All three bands compete, the Intermediate Jazz 2 competes at the 2A level, the Intermediate Jazz 1 competing at the 3A level, and the Advanced Jazz Band competing at the 4A level.", "The Battle Ground Advanced Jazz Band has won sweepstakes multiple times at the Clackamas Community College Jazz Festival, first place at the Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival in Idaho, first place at the Portland Rose Festival Jazz Band Classic, and in 2002 recorded a CD entitled \"How Sweet", "It Is\" featuring nine jazz classics.", "They have also taken 2nd place at the Essentially Ellington festival in New York, New York in 2006, and 3rd place at Swing Central in Savannah, Georgia in 2009.", "The Battle Ground High School Marching Band placed first in the Out of State Division A (99 members or less) on Saturday, June 11, 2011, in the Grand Floral Parade in Portland, Oregon, part of the Portland Rose Festival, beating the previous year's winner, Columbia River High School and their rival, Prairie High School.", "The Tiger Marching Band also placed second in the same parade the previous year." ]

[ 11, 12 ]

[ "Battle Ground High School (BGHS) is a public high school in Battle Ground, Washington, United States." ]

[ "Bazell graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, USA, in 1967 with a B.A. in biochemistry and Phi Beta Kappa honors.", "As an undergraduate, he wrote a science column called \"Science for the People\" for the Daily Californian.", "Afterwards, Bazell traveled to England, where he studied biology at the University of Sussex in 1969 as part of his graduate work, before returning to Berkeley to complete his doctoral degree in immunology.", "Bazell continued pursuing his dual interest in journalism and science by joining Science magazine in 1971 and writing for its News and Comment section.", "A year later, he left the publication to become a reporter for the New York Post.", "In 1976, he began his long career in broadcast journalism by joining WNBC in New York as a reporter before moving to NBC News.", "At NBC, Bazell was one of the first network news correspondents to report on the emerging AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s.", "He continued to cover health and science issues for the network.", "Also in 1986, he was also a reporter and chief space correspondent during the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster when he reported about the explosion of the Space Shuttle on the January 28, 1986 episode of \"NBC Nightly News\".", "In 1998, Bazell wrote and published \"HER-2: The Making of Herceptin, a Revolutionary Treatment for Breast Cancer\", which chronicled the creation of Herceptin, a drug used to treat breast cancer; the book received a positive review from the New York Times.", "The 2008 Lifetime film \"Living Proof\", about a doctor who devotes his life's work to finding a cure for breast cancer, is based on the book.", "On March 22, 2013 it was announced that Bazell would be leaving NBC after 38 years.", "He has joined Yale University, where he is serving as an adjunct professor in the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology.", "His extensive coverage in the 1980s of the nascent AIDS epidemic, which included reports from the United States, Africa, Europe, the Caribbean and South America, earned him the Alfred I. duPont-Columbia Award and the Maggie Award from Planned Parenthood.", "He also garnered two Emmys for his reports on the human brain; he has won five Emmys in total.", "In 1993, Bazell was honored with the George Foster Peabody Award for which he was recognized for exemplifying \"the best reporting on science and medicine.", "From transmission of the AIDS virus to innovations in cancer treatment, from the perceived dangers of cellular phones to alternative modes of health care, Mr. Bazell brings intelligence, understanding and reportorial excellence to the task.", "Robert Bazell is an outstanding television reporter who recognizes when to speak, when to listen and when to tell.\".", "Mr. Bazell was presented the Hope Funds Award in Advocacy in 2008.", "Bazell and his wife, Margot Weinshel, reside in New York.", "Bazell has three children: Rebecca, Josh and Stephanie.", "Bazell, Robert.", "\"HER-2: The Making of Herceptin, a Revolutionary Treatment for Breast Cancer\".", "Random House, October 1998." ]

[ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ]

[ "Robert Bazell is adjunct professor of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology at Yale University.", "He is the former chief science and health correspondent for NBC News." ]

[ "In high school, Marc Pease (Jason Schwartzman) ran out on his performance as the Tin Man in a production of \"The Wiz\", succumbing to his stage fright despite his mentor Mr. Jon Gribble's (Ben Stiller) encouragement.", "Eight years later, he is dating Meg Brickman (Anna Kendrick), a high school senior who is bitter about being in the chorus and not having a principal role in Gribble's latest production of \"The Wiz\".", "Marc is keen for Gribble to produce the demo tape for his a cappella singing group Meridian 8 (which has already lost four of eight original members).", "Gribble, however, tries to avoid Marc, frustrated that Marc refuses to leave him alone because of the friendly advice he gave Marc eight years ago.", "While tidying Meg's bedroom, Marc finds a tape labelled \"Meg singing\", but discovers after he listens to it that she is singing with Gribble, and at the end of the song, their noises suggest that they are having sex.", "Meg, meanwhile, begins to doubt Gribble's sincerity when he tells her what a terrific singer she is when she realizes that she is always in the chorus.", "Questioning whether she even enjoys singing, she decides to quit.", "Marc drives to a performance with Meridian 8, where the only way he can keep the group from splitting up is to lie that Gribble has given them the chance to record in a studio.", "After insisting that he should sing his Tin Man's song, he starts crying on stage, and is later forced to admit that Gribble has not yet responded to his request to produce the demo.", "That night, the opening night of \"The Wiz\", Marc is working as a chauffeur for a high school prom couple.", "After dropping them off and cutting off his frequently ridiculed ponytail, he arrives at the show in the interval.", "He unsuccessfully tries to discuss Meridian 8's demo with Gribble, who brushes him off, then learns from another bandmate that they are losing another member.", "After hearing the Tin Man's song from outside the auditorium, Marc goes inside and drags Gribble out into an empty classroom.", "Marc confronts him about his empty promises for Meridian 8 to record in a studio.", "Gribble tells Marc that he is still living as if he were in high school, and an angered Marc threatens to play Meg's tape to the school principal and expose Gribble's affair with a student.", "As they fight, Marc accuses Gribble of denying Meg a main role as a means of revenge on him, and destroys the tape for Meg's sake.", "He then goes backstage and breaks up with Meg because she is too young for him.", "Seeing that the actor of the Wiz has injured himself, Marc takes his cape, runs onto the stage and sings the Wiz's song.", "Meg runs away but decides that she loves singing and returns to the stage.", "Marc's performance is met with cheers from the audience, and he is overjoyed.", "One year later, having left exorcised his \"Wizard of Oz\" demons, Marc is working as a professional singer under the title \"The Marc Pease Experience\".", "\"The Marc Pease Experience\" is Todd Louiso's second directorial project, having previously directed \"Love Liza\" (2002) and acted in minor roles in \"High Fidelity\" (2000), \"Thank You for Smoking\" (2006) and \"Snakes on a Plane\" (2006).", "Jason Schwartzman was signed to star in the film by February 2007, with Ben Stiller in talks.", "Final funding from Paramount Vantage and producer Michael London was received in early February, with production slated to start in March.", "Anna Kendrick's role in the film was announced in mid-April, after filming had begun.", "Principal photography began on March 12, 2007 in the state of North Carolina, where the entirety of the film was shot.", "Various locations around Wilmington and New Hanover County were used for filming, including Wilmington's Eugene Ashley High School and the school's auditorium.", "Filming continued through March and into April.", "On the last day of shooting at Eugene Ashley High, Stiller presented the school's morning announcements.", "A number of student interns from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington's Film Studies Department were actively involved in \"The Marc Pease Experience\"s production as part of their internship program.", "After principal photography was completed, during post-production Louiso \"realized we needed to go back and add some stuff\".", "The 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike began at this time, however, and so there was a delay of six months before the extra scenes could be scripted and filmed.", "Due to the consolidation of Paramount Vantage into Paramount Pictures, its parent studio, in June 2008, \"The Marc Pease Experience\" had a limited release into ten U.S. markets on August 21, 2009.", "The film opened in San Francisco, Chicago, Philadelphia, Miami, Dallas, Cleveland, Minneapolis, Seattle, Sacramento, and Boston in what was described by Drew Taylor of \"The Playlist\" as only \"an obligation by the studio to release the film theatrically\".", "The film grossed US$3,000 from ten screens on its opening weekend with a per-screen average of only $300.", "By the end of its domestic run, the film had grossed $4,033 and an international addition of $386,551, totaling $390,584.", "Before the film's release, Alex Billington of FirstShowing.net dubbed it \"the next \"Rushmore\"\" — which also starred Jason Schwartzman in the lead — based on the similar character elements.", "In spite of this early buzz, however, critical response was overwhelmingly negative.", "Roger Ebert called it \"badly written and inertly directed, with actors who don't have a clue what drives their characters\".", "The A.V. Club's Nathan Rabin, in a \"D+\" review, asked, \"Who could have guessed a concept as promising and long overdue as a musical Jason Schwartzman vehicle would lead to such a regrettable little nothing?\"\nOn review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 18% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 3.18/10." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 ]

[ "The film stars Jason Schwartzman as Pease, Ben Stiller as Marc's former mentor, and Anna Kendrick as his love interest." ]

[ "In high school, Marc Pease (Jason Schwartzman) ran out on his performance as the Tin Man in a production of \"The Wiz\", succumbing to his stage fright despite his mentor Mr. Jon Gribble's (Ben Stiller) encouragement.", "Eight years later, he is dating Meg Brickman (Anna Kendrick), a high school senior who is bitter about being in the chorus and not having a principal role in Gribble's latest production of \"The Wiz\".", "Marc is keen for Gribble to produce the demo tape for his a cappella singing group Meridian 8 (which has already lost four of eight original members).", "Gribble, however, tries to avoid Marc, frustrated that Marc refuses to leave him alone because of the friendly advice he gave Marc eight years ago.", "While tidying Meg's bedroom, Marc finds a tape labelled \"Meg singing\", but discovers after he listens to it that she is singing with Gribble, and at the end of the song, their noises suggest that they are having sex.", "Meg, meanwhile, begins to doubt Gribble's sincerity when he tells her what a terrific singer she is when she realizes that she is always in the chorus.", "Questioning whether she even enjoys singing, she decides to quit.", "Marc drives to a performance with Meridian 8, where the only way he can keep the group from splitting up is to lie that Gribble has given them the chance to record in a studio.", "After insisting that he should sing his Tin Man's song, he starts crying on stage, and is later forced to admit that Gribble has not yet responded to his request to produce the demo.", "That night, the opening night of \"The Wiz\", Marc is working as a chauffeur for a high school prom couple.", "After dropping them off and cutting off his frequently ridiculed ponytail, he arrives at the show in the interval.", "He unsuccessfully tries to discuss Meridian 8's demo with Gribble, who brushes him off, then learns from another bandmate that they are losing another member.", "After hearing the Tin Man's song from outside the auditorium, Marc goes inside and drags Gribble out into an empty classroom.", "Marc confronts him about his empty promises for Meridian 8 to record in a studio.", "Gribble tells Marc that he is still living as if he were in high school, and an angered Marc threatens to play Meg's tape to the school principal and expose Gribble's affair with a student.", "As they fight, Marc accuses Gribble of denying Meg a main role as a means of revenge on him, and destroys the tape for Meg's sake.", "He then goes backstage and breaks up with Meg because she is too young for him.", "Seeing that the actor of the Wiz has injured himself, Marc takes his cape, runs onto the stage and sings the Wiz's song.", "Meg runs away but decides that she loves singing and returns to the stage.", "Marc's performance is met with cheers from the audience, and he is overjoyed.", "One year later, having left exorcised his \"Wizard of Oz\" demons, Marc is working as a professional singer under the title \"The Marc Pease Experience\".", "\"The Marc Pease Experience\" is Todd Louiso's second directorial project, having previously directed \"Love Liza\" (2002) and acted in minor roles in \"High Fidelity\" (2000), \"Thank You for Smoking\" (2006) and \"Snakes on a Plane\" (2006).", "Jason Schwartzman was signed to star in the film by February 2007, with Ben Stiller in talks.", "Final funding from Paramount Vantage and producer Michael London was received in early February, with production slated to start in March.", "Anna Kendrick's role in the film was announced in mid-April, after filming had begun.", "Principal photography began on March 12, 2007 in the state of North Carolina, where the entirety of the film was shot.", "Various locations around Wilmington and New Hanover County were used for filming, including Wilmington's Eugene Ashley High School and the school's auditorium.", "Filming continued through March and into April.", "On the last day of shooting at Eugene Ashley High, Stiller presented the school's morning announcements.", "A number of student interns from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington's Film Studies Department were actively involved in \"The Marc Pease Experience\"s production as part of their internship program.", "After principal photography was completed, during post-production Louiso \"realized we needed to go back and add some stuff\".", "The 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike began at this time, however, and so there was a delay of six months before the extra scenes could be scripted and filmed.", "Due to the consolidation of Paramount Vantage into Paramount Pictures, its parent studio, in June 2008, \"The Marc Pease Experience\" had a limited release into ten U.S. markets on August 21, 2009.", "The film opened in San Francisco, Chicago, Philadelphia, Miami, Dallas, Cleveland, Minneapolis, Seattle, Sacramento, and Boston in what was described by Drew Taylor of \"The Playlist\" as only \"an obligation by the studio to release the film theatrically\".", "The film grossed US$3,000 from ten screens on its opening weekend with a per-screen average of only $300.", "By the end of its domestic run, the film had grossed $4,033 and an international addition of $386,551, totaling $390,584.", "Before the film's release, Alex Billington of FirstShowing.net dubbed it \"the next \"Rushmore\"\" — which also starred Jason Schwartzman in the lead — based on the similar character elements.", "In spite of this early buzz, however, critical response was overwhelmingly negative.", "Roger Ebert called it \"badly written and inertly directed, with actors who don't have a clue what drives their characters\".", "The A.V. Club's Nathan Rabin, in a \"D+\" review, asked, \"Who could have guessed a concept as promising and long overdue as a musical Jason Schwartzman vehicle would lead to such a regrettable little nothing?\"\nOn review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 18% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 3.18/10." ]

[ 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 ]

[ "The Marc Pease Experience is a 2009 comedy film directed by Todd Louiso and written by Louiso and Jacob Koskoff.", "Shot primarily in and around Wilmington and New Hanover County, North Carolina in early 2007, the film is centered on Marc Pease, a man living in the past, when he was the star of his high school's musicals.", "The film stars Jason Schwartzman as Pease, Ben Stiller as Marc's former mentor, and Anna Kendrick as his love interest." ]

[ "Niketas Stethatos was born c. 1005 and entered the Monastery of Stoudios in Constantinople at the age of fourteen.", "He became a close disciple of Symeon the New Theologian, eventually writing the most complete biography of his teacher, the \"Life of Symeon\".", "Niketas later became abbot of the Monastery of Stoudios.", "The sobriquet \"Stethatos\", meaning \"courageous,\" was given to Niketas due to his speaking out against Constantine IX Monomachos having an illicit mistress.", "Niketas Stethatos is credited with defending Symeon the New Theologian's teachings on hesychast prayer, which were considered subversive even by some eastern church authorities.", "Niketas gained the support of the Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius, who eventually won Symeon's canonization.", "Niketas later supported Michael Cerularius in 1054, taking part in the conflict that became the East-West Schism, writing anti-Latin treatises criticizing the use of unleavened bread, Sabbath fasting, and the celibacy of priests.", "Niketas' \"Vita\", or \"Life of Symeon\", is the most complete biography of Symeon the New Theologian.", "Niketas was also the editor of Symeon's own writings and talks.", "An edition of Symeon's works was distributed by Niketas following a vision he had of Symeon.", "Niketas' personal works include polemical writings and treatises on the soul, on paradise, on the meaning of hierarchy, and on the limits of human life.", "He wrote an unpublished \"hypotyposis\" on the private spiritual life expected of the Stoudios monks.", "Another widely read work is his treatise on ascetic practices which are contained in the fourth volume of the English editions of the \"Philokalia\", the three \"Centuries on Practical, Physical and Gnostic Chapters\".", "The titles describe three main stages on the spiritual path: \"praktiki\" (practice of the commandments); \"physiki\" (meditation on the essence of creation); \"gnosis\" (the direct knowledge of God).", "Niketas wrote about many of the same themes as his teacher, Symeon, including: the experience of God as divine light; the importance of having a spiritual father; love for others being more important than prayer; the responsibility of those who have direct experience of God's grace to share it with others.", "He also wrote that a spiritual life is possible no matter one's outer circumstances—that one doesn't have to physically withdraw from the world, and that true renunciation is an inner practice.", "Niketas' attitude to the spiritual life is fundamentally positive, and that true sanctity is only a return, through grace, to man's natural condition.", "His most well known writings are on mystical theology—in addition to the writings in the \"Philokalia\", they include \"On the Soul, On Paradise\" and \"On the Hierarchy\".", "In his letters, he supports the views of his teacher Symeon, writing that any monk or priest who had the gift of spirit was the equal of a bishop.", "He also wrote a treatise \"Against those who accuse the saints\", speaking out against a current of belief during that time which said that it was no longer possible to become a saint.", "\"The rays of primordial Light that illumine purified souls with spiritual knowledge not only fill them with benediction and luminosity; they also, by means of the contemplation of the inner essences of created things, lead them up to the noetic heavens.", "The effects of the divine energy, however, do not stop here; they continue until through wisdom and through knowledge of indescribable things they unite purified souls with the One, bringing them out of a state of multiplicity into a state of oneness in Him.", "\"\n— From the \"Philokalia\".", "\"On Spiritual Knowledge, Love and the Perfection of Living\", #21.\n\"The Spirit is light, life and peace.", "If consequently you are illumined by the Spirit your own life is imbued with peace and serenity.", "Because of this you are filled with the spiritual knowledge of created beings and the wisdom of the Logos; you are granted the intellect of Christ (cf. 1 Cor. 2:16); and you come to know the mysteries of God's kingdom (cf. Luke 8:10).", "Thus you penetrate into the depths of the Divine and daily from an untroubled and illumined heart you utter words of life for the benefit of others; for you yourself are full of benediction, since you have within you Goodness itself that utters things new and old (cf. Matt. 13:52).", "\"\n— From the \"Philokalia\".", "\"On Spiritual Knowledge, Love and the Perfection of Living\", #46." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]

[ "Niketas Stethatos (, ; c. 1005 – c. 1090) was a Byzantine mystic and theologian who is considered a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church.", "He was a follower of Symeon the New Theologian and wrote the most complete biography of Symeon, \"Life of Symeon\"." ]

[ "Niketas Stethatos was born c. 1005 and entered the Monastery of Stoudios in Constantinople at the age of fourteen.", "He became a close disciple of Symeon the New Theologian, eventually writing the most complete biography of his teacher, the \"Life of Symeon\".", "Niketas later became abbot of the Monastery of Stoudios.", "The sobriquet \"Stethatos\", meaning \"courageous,\" was given to Niketas due to his speaking out against Constantine IX Monomachos having an illicit mistress.", "Niketas Stethatos is credited with defending Symeon the New Theologian's teachings on hesychast prayer, which were considered subversive even by some eastern church authorities.", "Niketas gained the support of the Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius, who eventually won Symeon's canonization.", "Niketas later supported Michael Cerularius in 1054, taking part in the conflict that became the East-West Schism, writing anti-Latin treatises criticizing the use of unleavened bread, Sabbath fasting, and the celibacy of priests.", "Niketas' \"Vita\", or \"Life of Symeon\", is the most complete biography of Symeon the New Theologian.", "Niketas was also the editor of Symeon's own writings and talks.", "An edition of Symeon's works was distributed by Niketas following a vision he had of Symeon.", "Niketas' personal works include polemical writings and treatises on the soul, on paradise, on the meaning of hierarchy, and on the limits of human life.", "He wrote an unpublished \"hypotyposis\" on the private spiritual life expected of the Stoudios monks.", "Another widely read work is his treatise on ascetic practices which are contained in the fourth volume of the English editions of the \"Philokalia\", the three \"Centuries on Practical, Physical and Gnostic Chapters\".", "The titles describe three main stages on the spiritual path: \"praktiki\" (practice of the commandments); \"physiki\" (meditation on the essence of creation); \"gnosis\" (the direct knowledge of God).", "Niketas wrote about many of the same themes as his teacher, Symeon, including: the experience of God as divine light; the importance of having a spiritual father; love for others being more important than prayer; the responsibility of those who have direct experience of God's grace to share it with others.", "He also wrote that a spiritual life is possible no matter one's outer circumstances—that one doesn't have to physically withdraw from the world, and that true renunciation is an inner practice.", "Niketas' attitude to the spiritual life is fundamentally positive, and that true sanctity is only a return, through grace, to man's natural condition.", "His most well known writings are on mystical theology—in addition to the writings in the \"Philokalia\", they include \"On the Soul, On Paradise\" and \"On the Hierarchy\".", "In his letters, he supports the views of his teacher Symeon, writing that any monk or priest who had the gift of spirit was the equal of a bishop.", "He also wrote a treatise \"Against those who accuse the saints\", speaking out against a current of belief during that time which said that it was no longer possible to become a saint.", "\"The rays of primordial Light that illumine purified souls with spiritual knowledge not only fill them with benediction and luminosity; they also, by means of the contemplation of the inner essences of created things, lead them up to the noetic heavens.", "The effects of the divine energy, however, do not stop here; they continue until through wisdom and through knowledge of indescribable things they unite purified souls with the One, bringing them out of a state of multiplicity into a state of oneness in Him.", "\"\n— From the \"Philokalia\".", "\"On Spiritual Knowledge, Love and the Perfection of Living\", #21.\n\"The Spirit is light, life and peace.", "If consequently you are illumined by the Spirit your own life is imbued with peace and serenity.", "Because of this you are filled with the spiritual knowledge of created beings and the wisdom of the Logos; you are granted the intellect of Christ (cf. 1 Cor. 2:16); and you come to know the mysteries of God's kingdom (cf. Luke 8:10).", "Thus you penetrate into the depths of the Divine and daily from an untroubled and illumined heart you utter words of life for the benefit of others; for you yourself are full of benediction, since you have within you Goodness itself that utters things new and old (cf. Matt. 13:52).", "\"\n— From the \"Philokalia\".", "\"On Spiritual Knowledge, Love and the Perfection of Living\", #46." ]

[ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ]

[ "He was a follower of Symeon the New Theologian and wrote the most complete biography of Symeon, \"Life of Symeon\"." ]

[ "Born in A Coruña, he was transferred to Madrid as a young man, and began practicing football at the Nuestra Señora del Pilar school, which once was one of the city's football cradles, and from there he entered the training categories of Real Madrid at the end of the 1918-19 season.", "In that same season, and despite his early age of just 15, he debuted with the first team in a Central Regional Championship match against Racing de Madrid, and he quickly became one of the club's benchmarks at the time.", "He soon evolved from his position of midfielder to forward, which he no longer gave up until the end of his career.", "Between the aforementioned Regional Championship and the Copa del Rey, he accumulated a total of 55 goals in 74 games.", "At the time of his retirement in 1929 (aged 26), he was the second top scorer of the Madrid team, only surpassed by the 68 goals from teammate Santiago Bernabéu.", "One of the reasons for his early retirement was the arrival of two players who ended up also being attacking and historical references of the club, the Valencian Gaspar Rubio and Jaime Lazcano from Navarra, both younger than him, and both ended up breaking his goalscoring record at the club.", "The same season of his retirement La Liga was inaugurated, and by playing only one game, which was also the only one he played that season, he became one of the 19 club players to appear in that historic first edition.", "In 1943, years after his professional retirement, the white club organized a tribute match in his honour between the people of Madrid and Barcelona, ending with a one-goal tie.", "Being an Madrid FC player, he was eligible to play for the Madrid national team, and he was part of the squad that participated in two tournaments of the Prince of Asturias Cup, an inter-regional competition, in 1922-23 and 1923-24, and although the first campaign ended with a shocking quarter-final exit at the hands of Galicia, in which Monjardin scored Madrid's consolation goal in a 1-4 loss, the second campaign was much better, largely thanks to Monjardin as he scored twice in their 2-1 win over a Andalusia XI in the semi-finals, followed by what appeared to have been an extra-time winner against Catalonia in the final to seal Madrid's second Prince of Asturias Cup title, but a last-minute equaliser from Emili Sagi-Barba forced a replay in which he scored again, netting twice in the first-half, but his efforts were in vain as Catalonia took the title with a 3-2 win.", "The silver lining being that with 5 goals, he was the top goal scorer of the 1923-24 Prince of Asturias Cup, and with a total of 6 goals in the competition, he is the all-time top goal scorer of the Prince of Asturias Cup along with José Luis Zabala and Kinké, who also scored 6 goals.", "He made his debut for the Spanish national team in Lisbon on 17 December 1922 against Portugal, scoring the winning goal of a 2-1 win in the 82nd minute.", "In his next cap against France on 28 January 1923, he scored a brace in a 3-0 win, and coincidentally, the author of the third goal was Zabala.", "In total, he was capped four times, scoring three goals.", "\"Spain score listed first, score column indicates score after each Zabala goal.", "\"Madrid score listed first, score column indicates score after each Monjardín goal.", "Madrid FC", "Centro Regional Championship:\nMadrid", "Prince of Asturias Cup:\nMadrid", "Monjardín died in a car accident on 13 November 1950." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]

[ "A historical member of Real Madrid in the pre-war period, he was the first footballer to play for Madrid for his entire career, and thus be part of the so-called one-club men group." ]

[ "Born in A Coruña, he was transferred to Madrid as a young man, and began practicing football at the Nuestra Señora del Pilar school, which once was one of the city's football cradles, and from there he entered the training categories of Real Madrid at the end of the 1918-19 season.", "In that same season, and despite his early age of just 15, he debuted with the first team in a Central Regional Championship match against Racing de Madrid, and he quickly became one of the club's benchmarks at the time.", "He soon evolved from his position of midfielder to forward, which he no longer gave up until the end of his career.", "Between the aforementioned Regional Championship and the Copa del Rey, he accumulated a total of 55 goals in 74 games.", "At the time of his retirement in 1929 (aged 26), he was the second top scorer of the Madrid team, only surpassed by the 68 goals from teammate Santiago Bernabéu.", "One of the reasons for his early retirement was the arrival of two players who ended up also being attacking and historical references of the club, the Valencian Gaspar Rubio and Jaime Lazcano from Navarra, both younger than him, and both ended up breaking his goalscoring record at the club.", "The same season of his retirement La Liga was inaugurated, and by playing only one game, which was also the only one he played that season, he became one of the 19 club players to appear in that historic first edition.", "In 1943, years after his professional retirement, the white club organized a tribute match in his honour between the people of Madrid and Barcelona, ending with a one-goal tie.", "Being an Madrid FC player, he was eligible to play for the Madrid national team, and he was part of the squad that participated in two tournaments of the Prince of Asturias Cup, an inter-regional competition, in 1922-23 and 1923-24, and although the first campaign ended with a shocking quarter-final exit at the hands of Galicia, in which Monjardin scored Madrid's consolation goal in a 1-4 loss, the second campaign was much better, largely thanks to Monjardin as he scored twice in their 2-1 win over a Andalusia XI in the semi-finals, followed by what appeared to have been an extra-time winner against Catalonia in the final to seal Madrid's second Prince of Asturias Cup title, but a last-minute equaliser from Emili Sagi-Barba forced a replay in which he scored again, netting twice in the first-half, but his efforts were in vain as Catalonia took the title with a 3-2 win.", "The silver lining being that with 5 goals, he was the top goal scorer of the 1923-24 Prince of Asturias Cup, and with a total of 6 goals in the competition, he is the all-time top goal scorer of the Prince of Asturias Cup along with José Luis Zabala and Kinké, who also scored 6 goals.", "He made his debut for the Spanish national team in Lisbon on 17 December 1922 against Portugal, scoring the winning goal of a 2-1 win in the 82nd minute.", "In his next cap against France on 28 January 1923, he scored a brace in a 3-0 win, and coincidentally, the author of the third goal was Zabala.", "In total, he was capped four times, scoring three goals.", "\"Spain score listed first, score column indicates score after each Zabala goal.", "\"Madrid score listed first, score column indicates score after each Monjardín goal.", "Madrid FC", "Centro Regional Championship:\nMadrid", "Prince of Asturias Cup:\nMadrid", "Monjardín died in a car accident on 13 November 1950." ]

[ 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]

[ "He played for Real Madrid and earned 4 caps for the Spain national football team, competing at the 1924 Summer Olympics." ]

[ "In late December 1824 and early January 1825, about five years after Spain sold Florida to the United States for $5 million, U.S. Navy Commodore David Porter inspected the Dry Tortugas islands.", "He was on the lookout for a site for a naval station that would help suppress piracy in the Caribbean.", "Unimpressed with what he saw, he notified the Secretary of the Navy that the Dry Tortugas were unfit for any kind of naval establishment.", "He reported that they consist of small sand islands a little above the surface of the ocean, have no fresh water, scarcely enough land to place a fortification, and in any case are probably not solid enough to bear one.", "While Commodore Porter thought the Dry Tortugas were unfit for a naval station, others in the U.S. government thought the islands were a good location for a lighthouse to guide ships around the area's reefs and small islands.", "A small island called Bush Key, later called Garden Key, was selected as the site for the lighthouse, which became known as Garden Key Light.", "Construction began in 1825 and was completed in 1826.", "The lighthouse was constructed of brick with a whitewashed exterior.", "A small white cottage for the lighthouse keeper was constructed beside the lighthouse.", "In 1829, under recommendations from Commodore John Rodgers, the survey ship \"Florida\" stopped at the Dry Tortugas to evaluate the anchorage.", "Contrary to Commodore Porter's experience, Josiah Tattnall III was delighted with what he found.", "The Dry Tortugas, he reported, consisted of 11 small keys and surrounding reefs and banks, over which the sea broke.", "There was an outer and an inner harbor.", "The former afforded a safe anchorage during all seasons and was large enough to let a large number of ships ride at anchor.", "Of more importance, the inner harbor combined a sufficient depth of water for ships-of-the-line, with a narrow entrance of not more than .", "Tattnall noted that if a hostile power should occupy the Dry Tortugas, United States shipping in the Gulf would be in deadly peril, and nothing but absolute naval superiority could prevail.", "However, if occupied and fortified by the U.S., the Dry Tortugas would constitute the advance post for a defense of the Gulf Coast.", "Robert E. Lee, then a Captain in the U.S. army, shared this opinion and in February 1845 penned a letter to Thomas Blake (Commissioner of the General Land Office) recommending the reservation of the Dry Tortugas for military use.", "Capt. John G. Barnard then made a detailed reconnaissance in November 1844 and on 17 September 1845, the Dry Tortugas became a national military reservation.", "Construction of Fort Jefferson (named after the third U.S. President, Thomas Jefferson) was finally begun on Garden Key in December 1846, under the supervision of 2nd Lt.", "Horatio Wright, after plans drawn up by Lt. Montgomery C. Meigs were approved in November.", "Meigs' plans were based on a design by Joseph Totten.", "Chief of Engineers Totten eventually visited the fort in 1855, accompanying Louis Agassiz.", "The new fort was built so that the existing Garden Key lighthouse and the lighthouse keeper's cottage were contained within the walls of the fort.", "The lighthouse continued to serve a vital function in guiding ships through the waters of the Dry Tortugas Islands until the current metal light tower was installed atop an adjacent wall of the fort in 1876.", "The original brick lighthouse tower was taken down in 1877.", "The design called for a two-tiered casemates in a six-sided outline, with two curtain walls measuring , and the other four measuring .", "Corner bastions, which are large projections designed to allow defensive fire along the faces of the walls they joined, contained gunrooms, gunpowder magazines and a granite spiral staircase.", "Each tier of casemates contained 150 guns, and another 150 were placed on top of the fort itself.", "The heavy guns were mounted inside the walls in a string of open casemates, or gunrooms, facing outward toward the sea through large openings called embrasures.", "The parade ground contained additional powder magazines, headquarters, a hospital, officer quarters and three large barracks.", "The Army employed civilian carpenters, masons, general laborers, and Key West slaves to help construct the fort.", "By August 1855, 233 white contract laborers were employed, though the slaves \"... were the backbone of the labor gang ...,\" according to Albert Manucy.", "Bricks were provided by the Pensacola firm of Raiford and Abercrombie.", "In 1859, the scientist Joseph Bassett Holder assumed responsibility as the fort's physician.", "In order to support such a large population in an area lacking fresh water, an innovative system of cisterns was built into the walls of the fort.", "Sand-filled columns were placed at regular intervals in the inner walls, spanning their height from the roof to the foundation.", "The columns were intended to filter rainwater from the rooftop for long-term storage in a series of underground chambers.", "However, the rainwater dissolved salts in the sand, or the cisterns had not been made tight, making the water unfit for drinking, but usable for washing and cooking.", "Only the rainwater runoff stored under the parade ground was fresh for drinking.", "Two steam condensers distilled of sea water per day during the Civil War.", "The fort enjoyed \"... much better water than we have had heretofore,\" which was stored in the parade ground cisterns.", "At the onset of the Civil War, 62 men of the Second U.S. Artillery Regiment, under the command of Major Lewis Golding Arnold, were moved to the fort, preventing it from falling into the hands of rebel forces.", "Capt.", "Meigs took over as the Superintending Engineer in 1860, and worked feverishly to improve the security and defenses so that the fort's heavy guns were first fired on 26 January 1861.", "The fort had a population of 168 persons at the time, including women and children.", "Two companies, 160 soldiers, of the 6th New York Zouaves arrived on 4 July 1861, under the command of Col. Bill Wilson.", "The 7th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry arrived in March 1862, under the command of Col. Haldimand S. Putnam, to relieve the Zouaves.", "The 90th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, under the command of Lt. Col. Louis W. Tinelli relieved the New Hampshire soldiers in June 1862.", "They were relieved by the 47th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment in December 1862.", "They were relieved in March 1864 by the 110th New York Volunteer Infantry.", "In September 1861, the first prisoner soldiers appeared, those sentenced by Courts-martial to confinement and hard labor for acts such as mutinous conduct.", "President Lincoln then substituted imprisonment on the Dry Tortugas, in lieu of execution, for those found guilty of desertion.", "By June 1863, only 22 black workers remained following the Emancipation Proclamation.", "By November 1863, the number of military convicts reached 214, meeting the demands for unskilled labor, and the ratio of soldier to prisoners was about four to one.", "In June 1864, the ratio was almost equal, with 653 soldiers and 753 convicts.", "In November 1864, only 583 soldiers guarded 882 prisoners and eight were able to escape.", "On 24 July 1865 four special civilian prisoners arrived.", "These were Samuel Mudd, Edman Spangler, Samuel Arnold and Michael O'Laughlen, who had been convicted of conspiracy in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.", "Mudd attempted to stowaway on a steam transport, when the 82nd U.S. Colored Troops relieved the 161st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment on 25 September 1865.", "This led to his detention in the fort's \"dungeon,\" over which were the words \"Whoso entereth here leaveth all hope behind\" (from Canto III of Dante's \"Inferno\").", "Another state prisoner, Col. George St. Leger Grenfell arrived on 8 October 1865.", "In November 1865, the 5th U.S. Artillery arrived and in December 1865, there were a total of 470 soldiers and 273 prisoners.", "By February 1866, the prisoners were reduced to 207, and to 193 by May.", "Construction came to a near halt that summer and only 56 prisoners remained in January 1867.", "The 3rd U.S. Artillery replaced the 5th in 1869.", "Mudd helped provide medical care during a yellow fever epidemic at the fort in 1867.", "The epidemic killed many prisoners, including O'Laughlen, and Joseph Sim Smith, the 5th Artillery's surgeon.", "A monument to Smith and his son is still present on the parade grounds.", "Mudd, Arnold and Spangler were pardoned by President Andrew Johnson and released.", "The seawall was finally completed in 1872 and six Rodman guns were in place on barbette (third) tier.", "The total number of large-caliber guns was 243.", "The guns were never fired.", "Frequent hurricanes and yellow fever epidemics convinced the War Department to remove the garrison, leaving a small caretaker force for the armaments and ammunition in 1874.", "In 1889, the Army turned the fort over to the Marine Hospital Service to be operated as a quarantine station.", "The U.S. Navy used the Key as a coaling station.", "Neglected, stripped by vandals, swept by repeated tropical storms that crushed brick and concrete and bent girders, Fort Jefferson deteriorated rapidly.", "It remained unoccupied until war with Spain broke out in 1898.", "The American fleet was stationed there.", "One of the ships to load coal there was the USS \"Maine\" before her fateful trip to Havana.", "In 1902, the property was transferred to the Navy Department, and coal rigs and water distilling plants were built.", "When these were destroyed by hurricanes in 1906, the fort was again abandoned.", "Two years later the entire group of islands was set aside as a Federal bird reservation.", "Until 1934 Garden Key and the crumbling ruins were merely a rendezvous for fishermen and tourists.", "During WWI, the lighthouse was decommissioned, but a wireless station and naval seaplane facility was operational.", "On January 4, 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, designated the area as Fort Jefferson National Monument.", "Between 1935 and 1938 the Works Progress Administration performed structural renovation and historic preservation work on site.", "It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 10, 1970.", "On October 26, 1992, the Dry Tortugas, including Fort Jefferson, was established as a National Park.", "Fort Jefferson can be reached by a daily ferry from Key West, as well as by chartered seaplane and private boat.", "As a national park, primitive camping is permitted on the beach.", "Visitors by ferry typically spend four hours on the island, which is enough time for a guided tour of the fort, lunch on the boat and a swim (snorkel equipment provided) on the reef.", "Within the fort are a museum and bookstore." ]

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[ "The fort is located on Garden Key in the lower Florida Keys within the Dry Tortugas National Park, west of the island of Key West.", "The Dry Tortugas are part of Monroe County, Florida, United States." ]

[ "In late December 1824 and early January 1825, about five years after Spain sold Florida to the United States for $5 million, U.S. Navy Commodore David Porter inspected the Dry Tortugas islands.", "He was on the lookout for a site for a naval station that would help suppress piracy in the Caribbean.", "Unimpressed with what he saw, he notified the Secretary of the Navy that the Dry Tortugas were unfit for any kind of naval establishment.", "He reported that they consist of small sand islands a little above the surface of the ocean, have no fresh water, scarcely enough land to place a fortification, and in any case are probably not solid enough to bear one.", "While Commodore Porter thought the Dry Tortugas were unfit for a naval station, others in the U.S. government thought the islands were a good location for a lighthouse to guide ships around the area's reefs and small islands.", "A small island called Bush Key, later called Garden Key, was selected as the site for the lighthouse, which became known as Garden Key Light.", "Construction began in 1825 and was completed in 1826.", "The lighthouse was constructed of brick with a whitewashed exterior.", "A small white cottage for the lighthouse keeper was constructed beside the lighthouse.", "In 1829, under recommendations from Commodore John Rodgers, the survey ship \"Florida\" stopped at the Dry Tortugas to evaluate the anchorage.", "Contrary to Commodore Porter's experience, Josiah Tattnall III was delighted with what he found.", "The Dry Tortugas, he reported, consisted of 11 small keys and surrounding reefs and banks, over which the sea broke.", "There was an outer and an inner harbor.", "The former afforded a safe anchorage during all seasons and was large enough to let a large number of ships ride at anchor.", "Of more importance, the inner harbor combined a sufficient depth of water for ships-of-the-line, with a narrow entrance of not more than .", "Tattnall noted that if a hostile power should occupy the Dry Tortugas, United States shipping in the Gulf would be in deadly peril, and nothing but absolute naval superiority could prevail.", "However, if occupied and fortified by the U.S., the Dry Tortugas would constitute the advance post for a defense of the Gulf Coast.", "Robert E. Lee, then a Captain in the U.S. army, shared this opinion and in February 1845 penned a letter to Thomas Blake (Commissioner of the General Land Office) recommending the reservation of the Dry Tortugas for military use.", "Capt. John G. Barnard then made a detailed reconnaissance in November 1844 and on 17 September 1845, the Dry Tortugas became a national military reservation.", "Construction of Fort Jefferson (named after the third U.S. President, Thomas Jefferson) was finally begun on Garden Key in December 1846, under the supervision of 2nd Lt.", "Horatio Wright, after plans drawn up by Lt. Montgomery C. Meigs were approved in November.", "Meigs' plans were based on a design by Joseph Totten.", "Chief of Engineers Totten eventually visited the fort in 1855, accompanying Louis Agassiz.", "The new fort was built so that the existing Garden Key lighthouse and the lighthouse keeper's cottage were contained within the walls of the fort.", "The lighthouse continued to serve a vital function in guiding ships through the waters of the Dry Tortugas Islands until the current metal light tower was installed atop an adjacent wall of the fort in 1876.", "The original brick lighthouse tower was taken down in 1877.", "The design called for a two-tiered casemates in a six-sided outline, with two curtain walls measuring , and the other four measuring .", "Corner bastions, which are large projections designed to allow defensive fire along the faces of the walls they joined, contained gunrooms, gunpowder magazines and a granite spiral staircase.", "Each tier of casemates contained 150 guns, and another 150 were placed on top of the fort itself.", "The heavy guns were mounted inside the walls in a string of open casemates, or gunrooms, facing outward toward the sea through large openings called embrasures.", "The parade ground contained additional powder magazines, headquarters, a hospital, officer quarters and three large barracks.", "The Army employed civilian carpenters, masons, general laborers, and Key West slaves to help construct the fort.", "By August 1855, 233 white contract laborers were employed, though the slaves \"... were the backbone of the labor gang ...,\" according to Albert Manucy.", "Bricks were provided by the Pensacola firm of Raiford and Abercrombie.", "In 1859, the scientist Joseph Bassett Holder assumed responsibility as the fort's physician.", "In order to support such a large population in an area lacking fresh water, an innovative system of cisterns was built into the walls of the fort.", "Sand-filled columns were placed at regular intervals in the inner walls, spanning their height from the roof to the foundation.", "The columns were intended to filter rainwater from the rooftop for long-term storage in a series of underground chambers.", "However, the rainwater dissolved salts in the sand, or the cisterns had not been made tight, making the water unfit for drinking, but usable for washing and cooking.", "Only the rainwater runoff stored under the parade ground was fresh for drinking.", "Two steam condensers distilled of sea water per day during the Civil War.", "The fort enjoyed \"... much better water than we have had heretofore,\" which was stored in the parade ground cisterns.", "At the onset of the Civil War, 62 men of the Second U.S. Artillery Regiment, under the command of Major Lewis Golding Arnold, were moved to the fort, preventing it from falling into the hands of rebel forces.", "Capt.", "Meigs took over as the Superintending Engineer in 1860, and worked feverishly to improve the security and defenses so that the fort's heavy guns were first fired on 26 January 1861.", "The fort had a population of 168 persons at the time, including women and children.", "Two companies, 160 soldiers, of the 6th New York Zouaves arrived on 4 July 1861, under the command of Col. Bill Wilson.", "The 7th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry arrived in March 1862, under the command of Col. Haldimand S. Putnam, to relieve the Zouaves.", "The 90th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, under the command of Lt. Col. Louis W. Tinelli relieved the New Hampshire soldiers in June 1862.", "They were relieved by the 47th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment in December 1862.", "They were relieved in March 1864 by the 110th New York Volunteer Infantry.", "In September 1861, the first prisoner soldiers appeared, those sentenced by Courts-martial to confinement and hard labor for acts such as mutinous conduct.", "President Lincoln then substituted imprisonment on the Dry Tortugas, in lieu of execution, for those found guilty of desertion.", "By June 1863, only 22 black workers remained following the Emancipation Proclamation.", "By November 1863, the number of military convicts reached 214, meeting the demands for unskilled labor, and the ratio of soldier to prisoners was about four to one.", "In June 1864, the ratio was almost equal, with 653 soldiers and 753 convicts.", "In November 1864, only 583 soldiers guarded 882 prisoners and eight were able to escape.", "On 24 July 1865 four special civilian prisoners arrived.", "These were Samuel Mudd, Edman Spangler, Samuel Arnold and Michael O'Laughlen, who had been convicted of conspiracy in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.", "Mudd attempted to stowaway on a steam transport, when the 82nd U.S. Colored Troops relieved the 161st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment on 25 September 1865.", "This led to his detention in the fort's \"dungeon,\" over which were the words \"Whoso entereth here leaveth all hope behind\" (from Canto III of Dante's \"Inferno\").", "Another state prisoner, Col. George St. Leger Grenfell arrived on 8 October 1865.", "In November 1865, the 5th U.S. Artillery arrived and in December 1865, there were a total of 470 soldiers and 273 prisoners.", "By February 1866, the prisoners were reduced to 207, and to 193 by May.", "Construction came to a near halt that summer and only 56 prisoners remained in January 1867.", "The 3rd U.S. Artillery replaced the 5th in 1869.", "Mudd helped provide medical care during a yellow fever epidemic at the fort in 1867.", "The epidemic killed many prisoners, including O'Laughlen, and Joseph Sim Smith, the 5th Artillery's surgeon.", "A monument to Smith and his son is still present on the parade grounds.", "Mudd, Arnold and Spangler were pardoned by President Andrew Johnson and released.", "The seawall was finally completed in 1872 and six Rodman guns were in place on barbette (third) tier.", "The total number of large-caliber guns was 243.", "The guns were never fired.", "Frequent hurricanes and yellow fever epidemics convinced the War Department to remove the garrison, leaving a small caretaker force for the armaments and ammunition in 1874.", "In 1889, the Army turned the fort over to the Marine Hospital Service to be operated as a quarantine station.", "The U.S. Navy used the Key as a coaling station.", "Neglected, stripped by vandals, swept by repeated tropical storms that crushed brick and concrete and bent girders, Fort Jefferson deteriorated rapidly.", "It remained unoccupied until war with Spain broke out in 1898.", "The American fleet was stationed there.", "One of the ships to load coal there was the USS \"Maine\" before her fateful trip to Havana.", "In 1902, the property was transferred to the Navy Department, and coal rigs and water distilling plants were built.", "When these were destroyed by hurricanes in 1906, the fort was again abandoned.", "Two years later the entire group of islands was set aside as a Federal bird reservation.", "Until 1934 Garden Key and the crumbling ruins were merely a rendezvous for fishermen and tourists.", "During WWI, the lighthouse was decommissioned, but a wireless station and naval seaplane facility was operational.", "On January 4, 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, designated the area as Fort Jefferson National Monument.", "Between 1935 and 1938 the Works Progress Administration performed structural renovation and historic preservation work on site.", "It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 10, 1970.", "On October 26, 1992, the Dry Tortugas, including Fort Jefferson, was established as a National Park.", "Fort Jefferson can be reached by a daily ferry from Key West, as well as by chartered seaplane and private boat.", "As a national park, primitive camping is permitted on the beach.", "Visitors by ferry typically spend four hours on the island, which is enough time for a guided tour of the fort, lunch on the boat and a swim (snorkel equipment provided) on the reef.", "Within the fort are a museum and bookstore." ]

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[ "The fort is located on Garden Key in the lower Florida Keys within the Dry Tortugas National Park, west of the island of Key West.", "The Dry Tortugas are part of Monroe County, Florida, United States." ]

[ "The Smyrna Women's Club and the Smyrna Men's Club provided the original financing and co-sponsored the first library, which officially opened on September 15, 1936 with little more than 600 books.", "Most were collected by young boys pulling their wagons from door to door asking for books.", "Some of these books remain part of the library collection and are on display.", "A single bookshelf in the Woman's Club located at the corner of Atlanta Road (old U.S. 41 and State Route 3) and Powder Springs Street (old State Route 5) was the home of Smyrna's first library collection.", "By 1938, 1,400 volumes were housed in their clubhouse, and in 1939 the Men's Club added a room to the Women's Clubhouse to accommodate the growing collection.", "This \"new\" library was located in the back of the Women's Clubhouse.", "A part-time librarian administered the collection, and ongoing funding was a joint venture of local citizens' support, the city of Smyrna, and the U.S. federal government.", "The city council secured Works Projects Administration funds to help finance the project.", "The monthly income was 30 dollars: 20 from the WPA and five from each of the clubs.", "This contract was renewed each year until the WPA was abolished in the 1940s.", "At that time the city of Smyrna, with help from the state and county boards of education, continued to finance the library.", "The library was governed by a seven-member board of directors, and it continued to grow and have a prominent role in the community.", "In 1961 the city assumed full responsibility for funding the library and built a new library facility on King Street.", "By 1986, the library was seriously overcrowded, and the mayor and the city council recognized the need for a new facility.", "A new library was recognized as an integral part of the first phase of the city's downtown revitalization program.", "In 1991, the city opened a new facility.", "This nationally recognized building is based on the colonial Virginia capitol in Williamsburg.", "It features an open floor plan with large windows that provides a warm, inviting atmosphere to 250,000 annual visitors." ]

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[ "The Smyrna Public Library is an independent municipal library in the U.S. state of Georgia.", "The library's reference collection includes over 8,000 volumes with special collections on military and genealogy." ]

[ "The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 3 stars, stating, \"For this fairly early recording, avant-garde tenor saxophonist David Murray teams up with cornetist Butch Morris, bassist Johnny Dyani and drummer Oliver Johnson for some fairly free improvisations, with the originals written by either Murray or Morris.", "Two of the numbers also utilize the adventurous voice of Marta Contreras.", "The results are stimulating if not essential; a lesser but still interesting effort.\".", "\"All compositions by David Murray except as indicated\"\n# \"Namthini's Shadow\" (Butch Morris) - 8:18\n# \"Home\" - 11:15\n# \"Blues for David\" (Morris) - 9:45\n# \"Interboogieology\" - 9:14" ]

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[ "It features performances by Murray, cornetist Butch Morris, bassist Johnny Dyani and drummer Oliver Johnson.", "Marta Contreras sings on two tracks." ]

[ "Choi was born as the first child to her parents Choi Guk-Hyeon and Jeong Ok-Suk on 24 December 1968 in Seoul.", "Her mother separated from her father since 1985 and divorced him in 1998.", "She had a younger brother, Choi Jin-young who was an actor and singer.", "Her family was so poor that her mother once managed the household by running a pojangmacha (a small street stall selling foods).", "She dreamed of becoming a star to escape from the poverty.", "She said in talk shows her nickname during her school days was \"Choisujebi\" because she used to eat \"sujebi\" (a dumpling soup) instead of ordinary meals due to the home environment.", "Although she later became a high-paid model and actress, she was known for frugality, even receiving awards for her savings activity and frugality.", "In 1987, Choi graduated from Seonil Girls' High School.", "She began in Korea's entertainment circles as an advertising film model.", "She began to gain celebrity in an advertising campaign for Samsung Electronics in which she acted as a newly wedded housewife.", "In 1988, she became a TV actress starring in the MBC historical drama, \"500 Years of Joseon\".", "Her first film was \"North Korean Partisan in South Korea\" (1990).", "After several experiences in TV dramas as a supporting actress, Choi played leading roles in the movie \"My Love, My Bride\" (1990) and the MBC drama \"Jealousy\" (1992).", "In 1998, Choi published an autobiography \"Yes, Let's Live Truthfully Today Too\", looking back at the change from an ordinary high school graduate to a famous actress.", "She largely stayed out of the limelight, raising her two children after her high-profile divorce in 2004.", "In 2005, she returned with the soap opera \"My Rosy Life\" in a role that resurrected her career.", "Her last work was \"Last Scandal\" (2008), generating many positive reviews from critics and viewers.", "A second season of \"Last Scandal\" was being planned for broadcast in November 2008 before her death.", "She was also an MC in a talk show, \"Choi Jin-sil 'Truth and Lie\"' in 2008.", "In 1994, her former manager Bae Byeong-su, who was an influential figure in the entertainment field, was murdered by her road manager.", "She was called in as a witness.", "The incident shocked the Korean public.", "Rumors circulated that she was implicated in the crime and she was defamed by unspecified individuals.", "She had a traffic accident in 1995 and was often the victim of stalking, having nearly been abducted in 1994 and 1998.", "In 2000, her marriage to Cho Sung-min received widespread attention in South Korea.", "Cho was a professional baseball player with the Yomiuri Giants of Japan.", "They first met on a television show in 1998.", "Choi gave birth to a son (2001) and a daughter Joon-Hee (2003).", "Cho insisted that Choi was a blameful spouse through the press without filing a lawsuit for divorce in December 2004.", "It was senseless act according to South Korean civil law.", "Choi privately had the consideration period in connection with divorce for about two years from 2002 to 2004.", "Choi had not been sued for divorce for the period.", "In September 2004, Choi decided to divorce Cho.\nCho committed a breach of marital fidelity, violence and defamation against Choi for about two years from 2002 to 2004.", "In addition, Cho borrowed money from Choi's mother and Choi's younger brother and defaulted on the debt; Cho was sued for it by them.", "In November 2002, Cho physically attacked Choi, who was pregnant at the time with their second child.", "In August 2004, Cho again assaulted her.", "The former violence was known to people in December 2002 by Cho and Cho insisted that the violence had been mutual attack to the press.", "Cho insisted that the latter violence also had been mutual attack.", "The case was widely publicized in the media.", "Choi won the parental rights and child custody over the children on condition of exempting Cho's debt to her mother and brother as well as dropping several charges against Cho.", "Cho could visit his children regularly according to the mutual agreement.", "Choi won sole custody.", "In January 2008, the South Korean family register (\"hoju\") was changed.", "As a result, children could now use their maternal family name.", "According to the register, her children changed their surname from \"Cho\" (paternal family name) to \"Choi\" (maternal family name).", "After Choi's death, her mother managed the inheritance and was awarded custody of the children.", "The older of the two children is singer Choi Hwan-hee, who goes by the stage name Z.flat and made his debut in November 2020.", "In August 2004, Choi Jin-sil came forward as a victim of domestic violence.", "Subsequently, the advertiser, Shinhan Engineering and Construction, claimed she had not kept her contractual obligation to \"maintain dignity\" as she had disclosed to the public her bruised and swollen face which was caused by the violence of her then husband.", "On June 4, 2009, the Supreme Court reversed a high court ruling that decided in favour of Choi in a compensation suit filed by the advertiser in 2004 against the actress, who was the model for its apartments.", "In handing down its ruling, the Supreme Court censured Choi for coming forward and declaring herself a victim of domestic violence, saying it constituted a failure to maintain proper \"social and moral honour\".", "Her two children became defendants as heirs.", "On 9 June 2009, Korean Womenlink, the Korea Women's Hot Line, and the Korea Women's Association United issued a joint statement lambasting the ruling.", "Women's groups censured the Supreme Court for not realising the suffering of domestic violence victims, which included Choi.", "As to the ruling, the groups claimed that revealing the results of domestic violence was not a matter of \"dignity\" but a matter of \"survival\".", "\"When a person is suffering, he or she needs to restore their dignity and social honour by disclosing the damage and seeking proper legal help as Choi did,\" a director of Korean Womenlink said.", "Choi was found hanged at home at Seoul, it was deemed that it was suicide, Police described that Choi had killed herself at around midnight.", "Her suicide was confirmed by the police.", "She was survived by her two children, her mother and younger brother Choi Jin-Young, who committed suicide a year and a half later.", "Choi's suicide was linked in the media to a temporary 70% increase in suicide in South Korea for about a month after her death; police recorded 700 more suicides in that month than would have been typical statistically.", "On 8 September 2008, Ahn Jae-hwan, the husband of popular comedian Jeong Sun-Hee, was found dead in his car.", "Ahn committed suicide apparently due to distress over mounting debts.", "Jeong and Choi had been close friends for a long time; at his funeral Choi appeared deeply shaken.", "Shortly after, rumours circulated on the web that Choi, as a loan shark, had lent a large sum of money to Ahn.", "On 22 September 2008, Choi sought a police probe into the source of the rumours, calling them groundless.", "On 28 September 2008, police arrested a securities company employee for spreading the rumours.", "Choi suffered greater stress amid rumours circulating on the Internet that she was involved in the suicide of fellow actor Ahn Jae-Hwan.", "In response to Choi's death, the South Korean government tried to strengthen a legal push to regulate Internet postings.", "Politicians have reacted by proposing legislation that would impose a more rigorous real name registration requirement on the Internet and more heightened punishment for libelous statements.", "The news of her death was widely reported and large number of reporters rushed to Choi's house to cover the event.", "Major portal websites blocked online users from leaving comments on articles concerning Choi, fearing that some users might leave malicious comments.", "\"Almost 80 percent of South Korea's households have broadband access, fostering active online interactions.", "Most Web sites here have bulletin boards where users can post uncensored, anonymous comments, and nearly all young people run their own blogs, updating via cellphone.", "Such sites were a major avenue for rumors about the possible dangers of dropping a ban on American beef that fed enormous street protests and political upheaval earlier this year.", "Major Web portals have in recent years doubled the number of monitors to screen out online character assassination and respond more quickly to complaints of malicious rumors.", "But many victims still complained that vicious rumors spread so fast their reputations were ruined virtually overnight,\" \"The New York Times\" commented on her death on October 2, 2008.", "\"She was more than South Korea's Julia Roberts or Angelina Jolie.", "For nearly 20 years, Choi was the country's cinematic sweetheart and as close to being a \"national\" actress as possible.", "But since her body was found on Oct. 2, an apparent suicide, she has become a symbol of the difficulties women face in this deeply conservative yet technologically savvy society.", "Incessant online gossip appears to have been largely to blame for her death.", "But it's also clear that public life as a single, working, divorced mom—still a pariah status in South Korea—was one role she had a lot of trouble with,\" \"Time\" commented on her death on October 6, 2008.", "On August 15, 2009, Choi's ashes were stolen from her burial site.", "The police hunt for a suspect was aided by surveillance camera images showing a man carrying out the theft.", "On August 25, 2009, the police arrested him and Choi's ashes were found in his home.", "A small memorial park for Choi Jin-Sil has been built in a cemetery in Gyeonggi Province.", "Choi's ashes were placed in the new tomb in the park in the Gapsan Park Cemetery in Yangpyeong on September 28, 2009.", "Security devices have been installed to prevent a recurrence of the theft, with the tomb specially manufactured in China and more surveillance cameras placed around the tomb.", "Choi was the \"big sister\" who led the so-called \"Choi Jin-Sil Association\".", "It was a friendly group of close celebrities that included the comedians Lee Young-Ja and Jeong Sun-Hee, the models Hong Jin-Kyung and Lee So-Ra, and the actresses Choi Hwa-Jung and Uhm Jung-Hwa.", "After Choi's death, they founded \"The Choi Jin-Sil Foundation\" for charity.", "The drama synopsis \"As Life Goes On\" (사노라면) which Choi Jin-Sil had written was found in her home after her death." ]

[ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 ]

[ "Choi Jin-Sil (December 24, 1968 – October 2, 2008) was a South Korean actress." ]

[ "Choi was born as the first child to her parents Choi Guk-Hyeon and Jeong Ok-Suk on 24 December 1968 in Seoul.", "Her mother separated from her father since 1985 and divorced him in 1998.", "She had a younger brother, Choi Jin-young who was an actor and singer.", "Her family was so poor that her mother once managed the household by running a pojangmacha (a small street stall selling foods).", "She dreamed of becoming a star to escape from the poverty.", "She said in talk shows her nickname during her school days was \"Choisujebi\" because she used to eat \"sujebi\" (a dumpling soup) instead of ordinary meals due to the home environment.", "Although she later became a high-paid model and actress, she was known for frugality, even receiving awards for her savings activity and frugality.", "In 1987, Choi graduated from Seonil Girls' High School.", "She began in Korea's entertainment circles as an advertising film model.", "She began to gain celebrity in an advertising campaign for Samsung Electronics in which she acted as a newly wedded housewife.", "In 1988, she became a TV actress starring in the MBC historical drama, \"500 Years of Joseon\".", "Her first film was \"North Korean Partisan in South Korea\" (1990).", "After several experiences in TV dramas as a supporting actress, Choi played leading roles in the movie \"My Love, My Bride\" (1990) and the MBC drama \"Jealousy\" (1992).", "In 1998, Choi published an autobiography \"Yes, Let's Live Truthfully Today Too\", looking back at the change from an ordinary high school graduate to a famous actress.", "She largely stayed out of the limelight, raising her two children after her high-profile divorce in 2004.", "In 2005, she returned with the soap opera \"My Rosy Life\" in a role that resurrected her career.", "Her last work was \"Last Scandal\" (2008), generating many positive reviews from critics and viewers.", "A second season of \"Last Scandal\" was being planned for broadcast in November 2008 before her death.", "She was also an MC in a talk show, \"Choi Jin-sil 'Truth and Lie\"' in 2008.", "In 1994, her former manager Bae Byeong-su, who was an influential figure in the entertainment field, was murdered by her road manager.", "She was called in as a witness.", "The incident shocked the Korean public.", "Rumors circulated that she was implicated in the crime and she was defamed by unspecified individuals.", "She had a traffic accident in 1995 and was often the victim of stalking, having nearly been abducted in 1994 and 1998.", "In 2000, her marriage to Cho Sung-min received widespread attention in South Korea.", "Cho was a professional baseball player with the Yomiuri Giants of Japan.", "They first met on a television show in 1998.", "Choi gave birth to a son (2001) and a daughter Joon-Hee (2003).", "Cho insisted that Choi was a blameful spouse through the press without filing a lawsuit for divorce in December 2004.", "It was senseless act according to South Korean civil law.", "Choi privately had the consideration period in connection with divorce for about two years from 2002 to 2004.", "Choi had not been sued for divorce for the period.", "In September 2004, Choi decided to divorce Cho.\nCho committed a breach of marital fidelity, violence and defamation against Choi for about two years from 2002 to 2004.", "In addition, Cho borrowed money from Choi's mother and Choi's younger brother and defaulted on the debt; Cho was sued for it by them.", "In November 2002, Cho physically attacked Choi, who was pregnant at the time with their second child.", "In August 2004, Cho again assaulted her.", "The former violence was known to people in December 2002 by Cho and Cho insisted that the violence had been mutual attack to the press.", "Cho insisted that the latter violence also had been mutual attack.", "The case was widely publicized in the media.", "Choi won the parental rights and child custody over the children on condition of exempting Cho's debt to her mother and brother as well as dropping several charges against Cho.", "Cho could visit his children regularly according to the mutual agreement.", "Choi won sole custody.", "In January 2008, the South Korean family register (\"hoju\") was changed.", "As a result, children could now use their maternal family name.", "According to the register, her children changed their surname from \"Cho\" (paternal family name) to \"Choi\" (maternal family name).", "After Choi's death, her mother managed the inheritance and was awarded custody of the children.", "The older of the two children is singer Choi Hwan-hee, who goes by the stage name Z.flat and made his debut in November 2020.", "In August 2004, Choi Jin-sil came forward as a victim of domestic violence.", "Subsequently, the advertiser, Shinhan Engineering and Construction, claimed she had not kept her contractual obligation to \"maintain dignity\" as she had disclosed to the public her bruised and swollen face which was caused by the violence of her then husband.", "On June 4, 2009, the Supreme Court reversed a high court ruling that decided in favour of Choi in a compensation suit filed by the advertiser in 2004 against the actress, who was the model for its apartments.", "In handing down its ruling, the Supreme Court censured Choi for coming forward and declaring herself a victim of domestic violence, saying it constituted a failure to maintain proper \"social and moral honour\".", "Her two children became defendants as heirs.", "On 9 June 2009, Korean Womenlink, the Korea Women's Hot Line, and the Korea Women's Association United issued a joint statement lambasting the ruling.", "Women's groups censured the Supreme Court for not realising the suffering of domestic violence victims, which included Choi.", "As to the ruling, the groups claimed that revealing the results of domestic violence was not a matter of \"dignity\" but a matter of \"survival\".", "\"When a person is suffering, he or she needs to restore their dignity and social honour by disclosing the damage and seeking proper legal help as Choi did,\" a director of Korean Womenlink said.", "Choi was found hanged at home at Seoul, it was deemed that it was suicide, Police described that Choi had killed herself at around midnight.", "Her suicide was confirmed by the police.", "She was survived by her two children, her mother and younger brother Choi Jin-Young, who committed suicide a year and a half later.", "Choi's suicide was linked in the media to a temporary 70% increase in suicide in South Korea for about a month after her death; police recorded 700 more suicides in that month than would have been typical statistically.", "On 8 September 2008, Ahn Jae-hwan, the husband of popular comedian Jeong Sun-Hee, was found dead in his car.", "Ahn committed suicide apparently due to distress over mounting debts.", "Jeong and Choi had been close friends for a long time; at his funeral Choi appeared deeply shaken.", "Shortly after, rumours circulated on the web that Choi, as a loan shark, had lent a large sum of money to Ahn.", "On 22 September 2008, Choi sought a police probe into the source of the rumours, calling them groundless.", "On 28 September 2008, police arrested a securities company employee for spreading the rumours.", "Choi suffered greater stress amid rumours circulating on the Internet that she was involved in the suicide of fellow actor Ahn Jae-Hwan.", "In response to Choi's death, the South Korean government tried to strengthen a legal push to regulate Internet postings.", "Politicians have reacted by proposing legislation that would impose a more rigorous real name registration requirement on the Internet and more heightened punishment for libelous statements.", "The news of her death was widely reported and large number of reporters rushed to Choi's house to cover the event.", "Major portal websites blocked online users from leaving comments on articles concerning Choi, fearing that some users might leave malicious comments.", "\"Almost 80 percent of South Korea's households have broadband access, fostering active online interactions.", "Most Web sites here have bulletin boards where users can post uncensored, anonymous comments, and nearly all young people run their own blogs, updating via cellphone.", "Such sites were a major avenue for rumors about the possible dangers of dropping a ban on American beef that fed enormous street protests and political upheaval earlier this year.", "Major Web portals have in recent years doubled the number of monitors to screen out online character assassination and respond more quickly to complaints of malicious rumors.", "But many victims still complained that vicious rumors spread so fast their reputations were ruined virtually overnight,\" \"The New York Times\" commented on her death on October 2, 2008.", "\"She was more than South Korea's Julia Roberts or Angelina Jolie.", "For nearly 20 years, Choi was the country's cinematic sweetheart and as close to being a \"national\" actress as possible.", "But since her body was found on Oct. 2, an apparent suicide, she has become a symbol of the difficulties women face in this deeply conservative yet technologically savvy society.", "Incessant online gossip appears to have been largely to blame for her death.", "But it's also clear that public life as a single, working, divorced mom—still a pariah status in South Korea—was one role she had a lot of trouble with,\" \"Time\" commented on her death on October 6, 2008.", "On August 15, 2009, Choi's ashes were stolen from her burial site.", "The police hunt for a suspect was aided by surveillance camera images showing a man carrying out the theft.", "On August 25, 2009, the police arrested him and Choi's ashes were found in his home.", "A small memorial park for Choi Jin-Sil has been built in a cemetery in Gyeonggi Province.", "Choi's ashes were placed in the new tomb in the park in the Gapsan Park Cemetery in Yangpyeong on September 28, 2009.", "Security devices have been installed to prevent a recurrence of the theft, with the tomb specially manufactured in China and more surveillance cameras placed around the tomb.", "Choi was the \"big sister\" who led the so-called \"Choi Jin-Sil Association\".", "It was a friendly group of close celebrities that included the comedians Lee Young-Ja and Jeong Sun-Hee, the models Hong Jin-Kyung and Lee So-Ra, and the actresses Choi Hwa-Jung and Uhm Jung-Hwa.", "After Choi's death, they founded \"The Choi Jin-Sil Foundation\" for charity.", "The drama synopsis \"As Life Goes On\" (사노라면) which Choi Jin-Sil had written was found in her home after her death." ]

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[ "She was considered one of the best actresses in South Korea, nicknamed \"The Nation's Actress\".", "She committed suicide by hanging on October 2, 2008, at her home in Seoul." ]

[ "The Women's Building is the oldest patient dormitory, built in 1908 with a 1913 addition by Bergstrom and Carruth in the late Victorian Romanesque style.", "The structure is now called Fremont Hall and Albany Hall.", "It consists of a central block with identical side wings.", "The two-story building measures by , with of area.", "The foundation is local rock-faced ashlar sandstone.", "Exterior walls are pressed brick.", "The bellcast hipped roof is metal in lieu of the original slate, with hipped dormers.", "Two by porches feature brick arcades topped by low brick walls.", "The interior includes a full basement with a corridor linking to other campus buildings.", "The first and second floors are laid out with a central corridor and rooms on each side.", "The interior is furnished with maple floors and beaded wood wainscot.", "The original 1887 Building for Men was destroyed by fire, but the 1916 north wing addition by Bergstrom and Carruth remains.", "An administration wing and the south wing date to 1918, while the east wing was built in 1923.", "All were designed by William Dubois.", "The north and east wings are now called Natrona and Laramie Halls and the south wing is Converse/Weston Hall.", "The facility now houses the hospital's administration and planning offices, the library, and the occupational therapy department.", "The two-story building measures and contains .", "The reinforced concrete and steel building is faced with brick with stone-jointed stucco on secondary elevations.", "The hipped roof is covered with metal.", "A one-story classical portico with stone columns forms the building's focus.", "On the interior, wood floors remain under modern carpet.", "The wings have partial basements while the administrative wing has a full basement with a connection to the underground campus corridor system, connecting to the Women's Building through the north wing and to Whalen Hall through the east wing.", "Main floors have central corridors with rooms to each side.", "This one story building was designed by Dubois and built in 1918 in a Classical Revival style.", "Known as Sheridan Hall it once housed Adolescent Services but has since discontinued this service.", "The H-shaped building measures and totals .", "The exterior is faced with brick with a hipped metal roof.", "A central hall runs the length of the building, flanked by large dormitory rooms.", "Designed by Dubois, the building was built in 1926 by George Whitemyer and Sons of Ogden, Utah.", "Known as Lincoln, Platte and Washakie Halls, the L-shaped two-story building is designed in the Classical Revival style.", "It measures by with .", "Resting on a painted stone foundation, it is faced in brick.", "The New Building for Women features and arcaded porch.", "The interior is a central corridor arrangement with rooms in a variety of sizes to either side.", "Known as Clark Hall, the Building for Employees is another Dubois building built by Carruth.", "The building features cast stone columns and pilasters supporting a full entablature.", "A Dubois design, the 1935 building is known as Carbon and Johnson Halls.", "The east portion now houses offices for Adolescent Services, while the west portion houses classrooms.", "The H-shaped building is about containing .", "The brick building is detailed with terra cotta and faced with wire-cut brick.", "Other buildings include the laundry, a chicken granary and a calf barn, all now used for shops or storage, a carpenter shop and paint shop.", "The hospital was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003." ]

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[ "The historic district occupies the oldest portion of the grounds and includes fifteen contributing buildings, including the main administrative building, staff and patient dormitories, staff apartments and houses, a cafeteria and other buildings, many of which were designed by Cheyenne, Wyoming architect William Dubois." ]

[ "As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the Delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency) is composed of the following legislative assembly segments from 2009:", "Source:Source", "!", "style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;\" width=225 |Party\n!", "style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;\" |Seats won\n!", "style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;\" |Seat change\n!", "style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;\" |Vote percentage", "Most of the contests were multi-cornered.", "However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 543 Parliamentary constituencies in India.", "The constituency centres on Jadavpur in West Bengal.", "All the seven legislative assembly segments of No. 22", "Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency) are in South 24 Parganas district." ]

[ "Andrew Wilkes-Krier was born in Stanford, California, and grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan.", "His father is Professor James E. Krier, a legal scholar at the University of Michigan Law School and co-author of the widely used Dukeminier & Krier Property casebook.", "His mother is Wendy Wilkes.", "His younger brother, Patrick, was a golf pro and is now a golf coach in Michigan.", "At the age of 4, Wilkes-Krier began learning piano at the University of Michigan School of Music.", "He has recalled early family trips to Midnight Mass as having had an enormous impact on his love for music.", "He was dubbed Andrew W.K. by an elementary school teacher to differentiate him from his classmates Andrew Cohen and Andrew Gilchrist.", "He later attended the private college preparatory Greenhills School for middle school before attending the alternative Community High School from 1993 to 1997, where he continued to study piano and keyboard.", "In 1993, at the age of 14, he joined the band Slam, later to be called Reverse Polarity.", "In 1996, a song recorded by W.K. entitled \"Mr. Surprise\" was included on \"Plant the Flower Seeds\", a compilation by the Ypsilanti, Michigan-based record label Westside Audio Laboratories, marking his first publicly-released recording.", "Over the next five years, W.K. would play in a number of Detroit-based punk rock and heavy metal bands, including The Pterodactyls; Lab Lobotomy; Music Band; Mr. Velocity Hopkins; playing drums in grindcore metal band, Kathode; in addition to forming the noise rock project Ancient Art of Boar, later known as AAB, which served as an outlet for his early solo material.", "In 1998, W.K. moved from Michigan to New York City, where he worked as a bubblegum machine salesman, an opera ticket salesman, a fashion photographer, a window decorator at the Bergdorf Goodman department store, a milkshake maker and waiter for a Mexican restaurant and in the offices of avant-garde fashion company Comme des Garçons, among other short-lived jobs.", "He ended the AAB project and began recording new solo material under his full \"Andrew Wilkes-Krier\" name; the year saw the release of a cassette-only single entitled \"Room to Breathe\" on Hanson Records.", "A follow-up release entitled \"You Are What You Eat\" was scrapped when the master recordings went missing.", "W.K. also recorded the soundtrack for an independent film named \"Poltergeist\" made by Aaron Dilloway and himself, one track of which appeared on the Hanson Records compilation \"Labyrinths & Jokes\".", "In 1999, he moved to Seffner, Florida, to start building his live band with drummer Donald \"D.T.\" Tardy, of death metal band Obituary.", "In March 2000, Wilkes-Krier released his first EP, \"Girls Own Juice\", also abbreviated as \"AWKGOJ\", on Bulb Records, his first solo release under the moniker Andrew W.K. (he had first been credited as \"Andrew W.K.\" on a remix entitled \"Wolf Eyes Rules (What Kinda Band?)\" for the noise rock band Wolf Eyes).", "\"Girls Own Juice\" introduced his hard rock-influenced musical style and experimental tendencies, described as \"Judas Priest mixed with Sparks\" by Magas, a collaborator of W.K.'s.", "The release increased buzz for W.K., centered around his \"hedonistic, so-dumb-it's-smart rawk.\"", "He continued to build his reputation by performing various solo gigs in the New York and other East Coast areas.", "Wilkes-Krier and his then manager Matt Sweeney later shipped out a number of Andrew W.K. demo tapes, each accompanied by a handwritten letter.", "One tape reached alternative rock musician Dave Grohl; impressed, Grohl offered Andrew W.K. a slot opening for his band Foo Fighters at a concert in San Francisco, which he accepted.", "Another tape reached The Island Def Jam Music Group executive Lewis Largent, who liked the demos enough to attend an Andrew W.K. gig at the Mercury Lounge, where Largent was impressed by how W.K. \"won over every last person in the audience.\"", "Wilkes-Krier reacted with surprise to Island's interest in him, and despite his manager urging him not to accept his very first offer, W.K. was eager to begin work with Island.", "\"Girls Own Juice\" was followed by another Bulb Records EP entitled \"Party Til You Puke\" in October 2000.", "Following the release of \"Party Til You Puke\", Andrew W.K. left Bulb Records amicably to sign with Island Records.\nW.K.'s major-label debut studio album, \"I Get Wet\", was released on November 13, 2001, on Island Records.", "Continuing the sound established by his previous Bulb Records EPs, \"I Get Wet\" is characterized by its metal and punk rock influences and lyrical content revolving around partying.", "The album is known for its cover art, a photograph by Roe Ethridge of Andrew W.K. with a stream of blood running from his nose onto his chin and neck, which generated minor controversy in Europe after it was seen to represent cocaine abuse; W.K. reportedly achieved the effect by striking himself in the face with a brick during the photo shoot, and subsequently supplementing his own blood with some of an animal obtained from a butcher's shop.", "\"I Get Wet\" earned positive press from publications such as \"NME\" and \"Kerrang!\" and featured two UK hit singles, \"Party Hard\" and \"She Is Beautiful\", also rising to the top spot on \"Billboard\"s Top Heatseekers albums chart.", "At the same time, W.K. also developed a reputation for his highly energetic live shows.", "Andrew W.K. joined Ozzy Osbourne's Ozzfest that summer, and a number of \"I Get Wet\"s tracks, such as \"Party Hard\", \"It's Time to Party\", and \"Fun Night\" were licensed for use in various video games, films, TV series, and commercials.", "In 2002, W.K., Gibson Goodness and Alec Rominger re-recorded his song \"We Want Fun\" from \"AWKGOJ\" for the soundtrack of \"Jackass: The Movie\"; an accompanying music video was also produced, filmed and directed by Jeff Tremaine with additional camera work by Spike Jonze.", "By September 2018, the album had sold 267,000 copies in the US.", "In late 2003, W.K. released his second studio album \"The Wolf\".", "In contrast to \"I Get Wet\", which was recorded by W.K. with his live band, \"The Wolf\" featured W.K. playing all instruments, with heavy use of overdubbing of these instrument sections in production.", "The album spawned the singles \"Tear It Up\" and \"Never Let Down\" in the United States, while the song \"Long Live the Party\" was a minor hit in Japan.", "The single \"Tear It Up\" was included as menu music in the video-game Nascar Thunder TM 2004.", "Despite earning Andrew W.K.'s highest chart position ever at #61 on the Billboard 200, it fell off after only a week, and three months after its release the album had only sold 36,098 copies.", "On tour for \"The Wolf\", W.K. was injured on stage and broke his foot.", "After the concert, he signed autographs from the ambulance.", "Not wanting to let his fans down, he performed the remainder of the tour in a wheelchair.", "Though \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\" failed to see wide release in 2006, W.K. continued to be active, releasing a live concert DVD entitled \"Who Knows?\"", "in February that year and presenting five screenings of the film in New York and Hollywood.", "In March 2006, during an episode of Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones' radio show \"Jonesy's Jukebox\", W.K. debuted a new song entitled \"I'm a Vagabond\".", "On November 26, 2008, under Universal Music Group, he released his fourth studio album, \"The Japan Covers\", which consists of cover versions of J-pop songs, as well as a compilation entitled \"The Very Best", "So Far\".", "In February 2009, Wilkes-Krier claimed to have found a loophole in his contractual constraints allowing him to form his own record label, Skyscraper Music Maker, based in London and Manhattan.", "The label released \"DAMN!", "The Mixtape Vol. 1\" on May 25, 2009, a compilation of W.K.'s production work for Skyscraper Music Maker artists Bad Brilliance, Aleister X, and Cherie Lily, with music by New York producer, DJ B-Roc.", "Wilkes-Krier's fifth studio album \"55 Cadillac\" served as the label's second release.", "Recorded entirely by Wilkes-Krier and consisting of his spontaneous solo piano improvisations, the album was released on September 7, 2009.", "In a piece written to accompany the release of the album, he explained that the last decade had \"been so fraught with legal trouble\" that he began to suffer hallucinations, which inspired him to produce the album, and that successful negotiations had allowed him to start a new label and release \"55 Cadillac\", which he described as \"the sound of a piano being played by a free man – nothing more, nothing less.\"", "New negotiations were undertaken over the UK release of \"55 Cadillac\", as \"certain people [who] weren't credited because they weren't involved with the recording... had to be given credit,\" owing to previous contracts.", "Wilkes-Krier and his management settled by renaming Skyscraper Music Maker as Steev Mike, which the parties involved saw as a reasonable compromise.", "All prior complaints were dropped and Wilkes-Krier was then allowed to release the album worldwide.", "On September 9, Andrew W.K. released a Japan-only album entitled \"Gundam Rock\", consisting of covered music from the Gundam anime television series to celebrate its 30th anniversary in Japan; he had been approached by Japanese animation studio Sunrise Inc. to record the album following the success of \"The Japan Covers\".", "With all prior legal disputes over credit and naming settled, in March 2010 Andrew W.K. and the newly named Steev Mike label presented its first official release: a repackaged two-disc version of \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\" with a bonus disc of rare and unreleased material entitled \"Mother of Mankind\".", "To promote the set, Andrew W.K. joined the 2010 Warped Tour as a headlining act for the entire tour.", "A music video for the single \"I Want to See You Go Wild\" from \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\", directed by Peter Glantz, was released in June 2010.", "In March 2011, Andrew W.K. released a new EP entitled \"The \"Party All Goddamn Night\" EP\", which consists of five new tracks and two previously released singles.", "In September 2012, while attending a fan convention for \"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\", he expressed the possibility of recording a new album.", "In a Reddit \"Ask Me Anything\" thread in October 2014, Wilkes-Krier stated that while his other career ventures had kept him from releasing a new studio album, he was eager to record one: \"I've been stock-piling new songs for several years.", "I really want to make a new album as soon as possible.", "\"\nIn September 2017, W.K. announced that a new studio album would be set for release on March 2, 2018, via Sony Music.", "In November, he announced its title, \"You're Not Alone\", and shared its cover artwork.", "The album was released on March 2, 2018.", "In August 2018 he revealed to \"Riff Magazine\" that he had begun recording his next album.", "In October 2020, Andrew W.K. signed with Napalm Records and announced that he was working on a new album.", "The lead single \"Babalon\" was released on February 17, 2021.", "\"Babalon\" was announced via a Napalm Records press release and made available for limited pre-order on the Napalm Records and Andrew W.K. stores as a 7\" vinyl with the instrumental B-Side \"The Party Gods\".", "The release, limited to 393 copies, marked a departure from Andrew W.K.'s traditionally positive and uplifting themes, and features \"swinging drums and a sinister guitar riff open[ing] the track's hellish gates.", "\"\nOn May 6, 2021, Andrew W.K. announced that his sixth studio album, \"God Is Partying\", was to be released on September 10, 2021.", "Co-produced by long-time recording partner Ted Young, the nine-track album features W.K. performing all instruments.", "The announcement was accompanied by the release of a new single, \"I'm in Heaven\".", "On July 14, 2021, the video for \"Everybody Sins\" was released and features an appearance by Kat Dennings.", "In September 2021, the album \"God Is Partying\" was released alongside the single \"Stay True To Your Heart\".", "Shortly after the release of the album, W.K. delayed upcoming shows and deleted his website and social media pages with no explanation, his label also remaining quiet on what was happening.", "In 2005, Andrew announced that he would begin performing as a self-help, new age motivational speaker.", "He accepted invitations to speak at Yale University, New York University, the University of Wisconsin, Carnegie Mellon University, the Cooper Union, Missouri Western State University, and Northeastern University.", "During 2007, Andrew performed a series of unpredictable happenings as part of his \"One Man Show\" tour.", "Each event began with Andrew improvising on the piano alone on a stage before they frequently evolved into giant parties, with most of the audience dancing on stage with Andrew, themselves playing the piano and singing the lyrics.", "In March 2007, \"The New York Times\" put Andrew on the front page of its Arts section, in a feature article on Andrew's lectures.", "In 2008, Andrew's self-help work led to his second appearance as a sit-down guest on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".", "In November 2008, \"Time\" magazine called him \"truly cute.\"\nIn June 2012, W.K. announced that he would be appearing at the \"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\" fan convention Canterlot Gardens.", "His appearance was announced as a motivational seminar on \"How to Party like Pinkie Pie\", based on one of the show's lead characters, Pinkie Pie.", "The appearance was featured in \"Rolling Stone\", and was co-hosted by musician and personality Klisk Midori.", "In June 2014, Andrew was announced to speak as a guest lecturer at the Oxford Union.", "W.K.'s keynote, titled \"Andrew W.K. and The Philosophy of Partying\", discussed his signature message of positive power and celebratory self-confidence.", "Regarding the lecture, Oxford's Nick Fowler said: \"In my opinion, Andrew is one of Rock N' Roll's great philosophers.\"", "And the Oxford University Rock Society offered their own statement: \"We've seen rock stars, we've seen brilliant public speakers, but rarely are they the same person, and rarely do they have as intriguing and broad a background as Andrew W.K.\"\nIn September 2014, Andrew gave a lecture on his philosophy of partying at Baltimore School for the Arts as part of The Contemporary museum's speaker series called \"CoHosts.\"", "In the same month, he also brought his Village Voice advice column, \"Ask Andrew W.K.,\" to life in an intimate setting at New York City nightclub, Santos Party House.", "In July 2016, Andrew announced \"The Power of Partying\" tour, his first nationwide speaking tour, spanning the entire country with stops in all 50 U.S. states.", "Each evening will be an intimate celebration of discussion, a pep rally for the inner spirit, and an optimistic look at the overwhelming intensity of life.", "The tour sees Andrew continuing his eternal mission to defend and promote human joy, and the never-ending collective search to find truth through partying.", "In February 2018, Andrew was named the Person of the Year by the American Association Of Suicidology.", "The AAS stated, \"The inaugural Person of the Year Award will be presented to Andrew W.K. due to his consistent and powerful use of positivity to improve the lives of those who hear his music.", "\"", "Andrew wrote a monthly column in FRONT Magazine in the UK.", "Andrew also wrote a monthly advice column in the Japanese magazine \"Rockin' On\", which ran for 10 years – from 2002 until 2012 – and resulted in a book of all the advice columns compiled, called \"I Will Change Your Life.\"\nIn September 2013, Andrew announced that his first book about partying, \"The Party Bible,\" will be published by Simon & Schuster.", "The announcement, first broken on The A.V. Club, is accompanied by a video of the \"Party Hard\" rock icon's physical and mental preparation for the literary task.", "In January 2014, The Village Voice announced a new weekly advice column from Andrew called \"Ask Andrew W.K.\"", "The column appeared in the print edition of the paper, as well as Village Voice online.", "On September 28, 2016, Vice Media announced a new weekly column from Andrew W.K. and published his first piece titled \"Andrew W.K. on Pressure.\"", "The column appeared on the Vice website with Andrew writing about a singular topic each week.", "Outside of his solo work, Andrew also performed with and produced music for the avant-garde ensemble To Live and Shave in L.A.", "He first appeared on the band's 2004 release \"God and Country Rally!\"", "He co-produced their 2006 studio album \"Noon and Eternity\", and appears on the group's other 2006 release, the \"chronological remix\" project \"Horoscopo: Sanatorio de Molière\".", "In late 2006, Andrew re-worked his song \"Fun Night\" into a theme song for the Arizona Sundogs, a hockey team.", "The song was titled \"Sundogs (It Just Got Hotter)\".", "The song \"Fun Night\" also appeared in the film \"Old School\" during one of the party scenes.", "Andrew was also a judge for the 5th and 10th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.", "On July 7, 2007, at 7:07 pm, Andrew appeared as one of the 77 drummers in the 77 Boadrum concert held at the Empire-Fulton Ferry State Park in Brooklyn, New York which was organized by Japanese noise rock group Boredoms.", "In September 2007 Andrew's piano playing was featured on a jazz fusion CD release \"électricité\" with Mike Pachelli on guitar, Rich Russo on drums, and Dennis Harding on bass for Los Angeles-based Fullblast Recordings (2007).", "Andrew has also performed and recorded electric bass guitar for the artist Baby Dee, whom he met while playing live as the bassist of Current 93.", "Andrew played bass and drums on Dee's \"Safe Inside the Day\" album, and performed with her group at a 2008 show Manhattan.", "He also produced and mixed Dee's 2011 album, \"Regifted Light\".", "Andrew has performed bass guitar with Current 93 at the Donau Festival in Krems, Austria in April 2007, the UK All Tomorrow's Parties festival in May 2007, and their European tour in April 2008.", "On Friday, December 5, 2008, an Andrew W.K. fan named Dominic Owen Mallary died after an accident while his band Last Lights performed at Boston University.", "Dominic had always said that he wanted to have Andrew W.K. play during his funeral.", "After several friends of Dominic emailed him, Andrew came to the wake, and played classical piano for the entire time after paying his respects.", "Andrew formed the group The Brill Sisters with guitarist Matt Sweeney and producer Don Fleming.", "They played their first show (without Fleming) at Santos Party House on April 2, 2009.", "The entire group performed together on April 21, 2009.", "Andrew has collaborated with Canada's Nardwuar the Human Serviette and his band The Evaporators to record the split 7-inch A Wild Pear, released in 2009.", "They worked together again on a pair of tracks for The Evaporators' 2012 album Busy Doing Nothing.", "In 2012, it was believed that the United States State Department had named W.K. the U.S. Cultural Ambassador to Bahrain.", "In reality, he had been merely asked to speak at the Embassy as part of a cultural speakers program, an invitation which, upon further reflection, was repealed \"because it did not meet the standards of the State Department.\"", "Andrew set a world record for Longest Drum Session in a Retail Store at the MTV O Music Awards on Thursday, June 20, 2013, after drumming non-stop for 24 hours.", "On Thursday, June 12, 2014, Andrew co-hosted the Relentless Kerrang!", "Awards alongside Scott Ian of Anthrax.", "The event was held at East London's Troxy.", "Andrew also made an appearance as himself in the Cyanide and Happiness show.", "Most recently, he appeared as a fictional version of himself, \"Intern Andrew W.K.,\" in a live show for Welcome to Night Vale, entitled \"The Librarian\".", "Andrew is featured on \"Nekrogoblikon's\" album titled \"Heavy Meta\" released on June 2, 2015.", "Andrew appeared on Ken Reid's \"TV Guidance Counselor\" podcast on December 11, 2015.", "Andrew played the role of the character known as \"Redeye\" in the game \"Fallout 4\" in the Nuka-World DLC.", "Andrew has made multiple appearances on MTV, MTV2, and VH1, hosting shows such as \"The Most Outrageous Frontmen\", with Johnny Knoxville and \"Backstage Pass\" at the Warped Tour.", "Andrew was the focus of a televised live performance at Cleveland's Rock 'N' Roll Hall of Fame, broadcast on MTV.", "He's also made appearances on the shows, \"I Love The 90's\", \"I Love The New Millennium\", \"Black to the Future\", \"I Love The Holidays\", \"The Great Debate\", \"Best Week Ever\" and \"The Osbournes\".", "Andrew was also featured on a popular MTV show called \"Crashing With Andrew W.K.\", which documented Andrew's visit to a girl's dorm at North Carolina Central University.", "In 2004, Andrew had a television show on MTV2 titled \"Your Friend, Andrew W.K.\".", "In the series, fans would write letters to Andrew, asking for his help.", "Andrew would pick certain letters and go to visit them.", "The series lasted for 11 episodes, each about 9 or 10 minutes in length.", "During the filming of the show, Andrew was in a car crash but sustained no serious injuries.", "Andrew has performed on TV shows such as \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", \"Last Call with Carson Daly\", \"Saturday Night Live\", and the \"Spike TV Video Game Awards\".", "His most recent performance was with Bonnie 'Prince' Billy on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".", "He had a cameo in the show \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force\", singing \"Party Party Party\", a song that combines elements of multiple previous Andrew W.K. songs.", "The song was released on \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters the Soundtrack\".", "Andrew's only confirmed movie role is in \"Punk Rock Holocaust\", playing himself.", "Andrew was also featured on the finale of the third season of \"Kathy Griffin:", "My Life on the D-List\" as Kathy's date in New York.", "The two attended one of Andrew's performance art shows.", "\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" has twice featured Andrew as a sit-down interview guest—the first in 2003 to speak about the \"Your Friend, Andrew W.K.\" show, and then again in 2007, to speak about his motivational performance tours.", "Andrew was a frequent guest on the Fox News late-night program, \"Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld\".", "Andrew has also been a featured interviewer and guest on \"The Daily Show\".", "In 2011, he appeared in A Day to Remember's video for \"All I Want.\"", "Andrew also appears on the vocal-instructional DVD \"The Zen of Screaming\".", "Cartoon Network also used Andrew W.K. in a music video about the network's new live-action shows.", "The song and video, \"Hearing What I Say\" (adapted from Andrew's 2006 song, \"Not Going to Bed\") aired extensively on Cartoon Network and was available on YouTube.", "Later the clip was replaced by another bumper.", "In 2011, Andrew was part of a pyrotechnic stunt with motocross superstar Robbie Maddison performing a backflip on his motorcycle while Andrew presented the event for Cartoon Network's Hall of Game Awards.", "Andrew presented Cartoon Network's live-action show Destroy Build Destroy.", "Andrew had a cameo on Cartoon Network's \"Mad\", in the episode \"Kung Fu Blander / Destroy Bob the Builder Destroy,\" which spoofed only \"Bob the Builder\" In 2014, Andrew appeared on Fuse TV's \"Insane Clown Posse Theater\" with Insane Clown Posse.", "Andrew also starred in \"Lil BUB's Special Special\" on Animal Planet alongside Lil Bub herself and Amy Sedaris.", "The TV special premiered on Saturday, February 8 at 9:00 pm right after the \"Too Cute\" show.", "Andrew's trip to a safari park is the subject of the documentary film, \"Party Safari\" (2014), by Nik Box & Chris Hines.", "In August 2014, Andrew hosted his own show on Kerrang!", "TV called \"Andrew W.K.'s Party Hard 100\" in which he counted down some of the most party videos on Earth.", "Andrew also guest co-hosted six episodes of Pivot's \"TakePart Live\" alongside Meghan McCain and Jacob Soboroff.", "Andrew appeared as a guest on \"The SDR Show\" with Ralph Sutton and Big Jay Oakerson.", "He has also made a comeback to Cartoon Network in late March on Pete Browngart's animated series \"Uncle Grandpa\" as himself hosting a party alongside Pizza Steve and Mr. Gus in the episode, \"Shower Party.\"", "In addition to producing his own music on the albums \"I Get Wet\", \"The Wolf\", \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\", and \"You're Not Alone\", Andrew has produced and mixed music for other artists as well as working on special commercial music projects.", "These include the production of music exclusively for commercial use on television and radio.", "In 2008, Andrew gained new notoriety for recording a song called \"The McLaughlin Groove\", based on an exchange between Pat Buchanan and John McLaughlin on the political television show \"The McLaughlin Group\".", "The song was commissioned by the Public Radio International show \"Fair Game\", on which Andrew has appeared for interviews.", "In 2004, Andrew recorded a television jingle for Kit Kat candy bars, and rewrote their trademark \"Give Me A Break\" slogan into a new song.", "The recording appeared in a variety of 30-second, 45-second, and 1 minute commercials, broadcast on television worldwide.", "\"I avoided working with other people for many years, partly out of paranoia, and partly out of an earnest desire to stand on my own.", "After a while, I got tired of thinking that way, and it just seemed natural to do the opposite of what I had done before.", "I like making music with other people.", "I can still make music by myself too.\".", "Andrew's earliest external production work was with the group Wolf Eyes, on their now out-of-print 12-inch EP \"Fortune Dove\".", "The last track on that album, \"What Kind of Band?\" features Andrew W.K. on vocals explaining why he enjoys listening to Wolf Eyes.", "Since then, he's chosen to work on a select and seemingly random set of projects, beginning with production and mixing on the album, \"Through The Panama\", by Brooklyn, NY based three-piece art rock band, Sightings.", "The album was jointly released by Load Records and Thurston Moore's Ecstatic Peace! label in October 2007.", "At the end of 2007, Andrew accepted an invitation to produce a new album, \"Repentance\", for veteran reggae artist Lee \"Scratch\" Perry.", "The two had met when Andrew interviewed Perry for DirecTV.", "\"Repentance\" was nominated for \"Best Reggae Album\" in the 2009 Grammy Awards.", "On February 20, 2008, Andrew released an exclusive ringtone commissioned by Universal Music Japan for the Japanese mobile phone market.", "The song is called, \"Sonna no Kankei Ne Rock\", which celebrates a then popular catch-phrase by a TV Talent, \"Sonna no Kankei Ne, Hai Oppappi!\"", "This translates to, \"I Don't Give A Damn, Yes Oppappi!\"", "The ringtone was first announced on a Japanese national T.V. program called \"Music Station\" and had over 3,500 downloads that day.", "Cumulative sales of ringtone are over 20,000.", "Andrew's song debuted at No.1 in Label Mobile's International daily ringtone chart.", "Label Mobile is the biggest mobile retailer in Japan.", "In the spring of 2008, Andrew and three partners opened a multi-level nightclub and live concert hall in downtown Manhattan, New York City.", "The venue was named Santos Party House, and featured of dance floor and concert facilities, and over 150 loud-speakers.", "The space was designed for disco dancing and live music.", "It was one of the few new venues in New York City to be granted a liquor license and a cabaret license.", "The cabaret license means people can legally dance until 4 am.", "Santos Party House received numerous awards, including The People's Choice Award for Best Night Club, Best New Club, Best DJ Night (from \"Paper Magazine\"), Best New Dance Floor (from \"The Village Voice\"), and many more.", "In May 2009, Wilkes-Krier and his work with Santos was the subject of an extensive four-page article in \"New York Magazine\".", "In 2010, the Zagat Survey rated Santos Party House the \"Top Dance Club\" in all of New York City.", "Santos Party House's last night of operation was May 29, 2016.", "On April 28, 2015, W.K. announced a new radio show called \"America W.K.\" on TheBlaze Radio Network, the new show will be a two-hour Saturday program focusing on \"what it is to be alive—meaning, motivation, mind set, and making dreams come true, all included in a celebration of life itself—and all with a positive and honest outlook\".", "In November 2004, W.K.'s official website was hacked with threats of blackmail from someone who claimed to have co-created Andrew W.K.'s persona, and demanded to be included in the production of the third album, claiming to be \"Steev Mike\".", "W.K. responded stating, \"Please don't believe Steev Mike.", "I used to call myself Steev Mike a long time ago and it's nothing now.", "Someone is trying to confuse you and make me look bad.", "\"\nIn subsequent years, W.K. denied various theories accusing him of being a fake entity, declaring himself to be \"a real person who thinks for himself\" and \"not the victim of anyone or group of people trying to influence my career or life\".", "He clarified that \"the nature of how we presented my initial offerings caused some confusion, even though I tried to make it as straightforward as possible...", "Different people I've worked with and different parts of my back story have gotten twisted and changed.", "But I made the music on my albums – I had a lot of help from incredible people, but not the kind of help that some people think.", "\"\nIn September 2009, W.K. acknowledged legal disputes around his name: \"At the end of 2004, an old friend of mine got in some business trouble and basically decided to take it out on me... they were able to turn my life and career upside down.", "I wasn't allowed to use my own name within certain areas...", "This made my life complicated and intense for a few years, but I kept working and doing whatever I could to keep moving forward.", "\"", "W.K. is known for his long hair and wearing a usually dirty all white outfit, consisting of a white t-shirt, white jeans, black digital watch and sneakers.", "The album artwork for \"I Get Wet\" featured a photo of Andrew with a bloody nose and this image is used frequently in his merchandise and persona.", "W.K. has six tattoos, all of which are straight lines on his arms.", "In 2011, Kesha gave Andrew a line tattoo with a pen and a safety pin that resulted in an infection.", "Andrew W.K. previously lived in Midtown Manhattan but left in 2006 or 2007, \"bouncing between short-term situations\" in other locations outside New York.", "He married Cherie Lily on October 4, 2008, in a traditional Persian wedding ceremony at Santos Party House, a nightclub in Chinatown that W.K. co", "-", "owned.", "They met through their mutual heavy-metal voice instructor, and Lily performed with W.K.'s band as a vocalist and hypewoman from 2006 until 2018.", "W.K. has two children but keeps them out of the public eye.", "In May 2021, W.K. announced via a press release that he and his ex-wife Cherie had begun amicable divorce proceedings in late 2019.", "He also confirmed that he was dating actress Kat Dennings, after the two met in Los Angeles in early 2021.", "A week later, on May 13, 2021, the couple announced their engagement on Instagram.", "<onlyinclude>\n</onlyinclude>" ]

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[ "Raised in Michigan, Wilkes-Krier began his musical career in the mid-1990s." ]

[ "Andrew Wilkes-Krier was born in Stanford, California, and grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan.", "His father is Professor James E. Krier, a legal scholar at the University of Michigan Law School and co-author of the widely used Dukeminier & Krier Property casebook.", "His mother is Wendy Wilkes.", "His younger brother, Patrick, was a golf pro and is now a golf coach in Michigan.", "At the age of 4, Wilkes-Krier began learning piano at the University of Michigan School of Music.", "He has recalled early family trips to Midnight Mass as having had an enormous impact on his love for music.", "He was dubbed Andrew W.K. by an elementary school teacher to differentiate him from his classmates Andrew Cohen and Andrew Gilchrist.", "He later attended the private college preparatory Greenhills School for middle school before attending the alternative Community High School from 1993 to 1997, where he continued to study piano and keyboard.", "In 1993, at the age of 14, he joined the band Slam, later to be called Reverse Polarity.", "In 1996, a song recorded by W.K. entitled \"Mr. Surprise\" was included on \"Plant the Flower Seeds\", a compilation by the Ypsilanti, Michigan-based record label Westside Audio Laboratories, marking his first publicly-released recording.", "Over the next five years, W.K. would play in a number of Detroit-based punk rock and heavy metal bands, including The Pterodactyls; Lab Lobotomy; Music Band; Mr. Velocity Hopkins; playing drums in grindcore metal band, Kathode; in addition to forming the noise rock project Ancient Art of Boar, later known as AAB, which served as an outlet for his early solo material.", "In 1998, W.K. moved from Michigan to New York City, where he worked as a bubblegum machine salesman, an opera ticket salesman, a fashion photographer, a window decorator at the Bergdorf Goodman department store, a milkshake maker and waiter for a Mexican restaurant and in the offices of avant-garde fashion company Comme des Garçons, among other short-lived jobs.", "He ended the AAB project and began recording new solo material under his full \"Andrew Wilkes-Krier\" name; the year saw the release of a cassette-only single entitled \"Room to Breathe\" on Hanson Records.", "A follow-up release entitled \"You Are What You Eat\" was scrapped when the master recordings went missing.", "W.K. also recorded the soundtrack for an independent film named \"Poltergeist\" made by Aaron Dilloway and himself, one track of which appeared on the Hanson Records compilation \"Labyrinths & Jokes\".", "In 1999, he moved to Seffner, Florida, to start building his live band with drummer Donald \"D.T.\" Tardy, of death metal band Obituary.", "In March 2000, Wilkes-Krier released his first EP, \"Girls Own Juice\", also abbreviated as \"AWKGOJ\", on Bulb Records, his first solo release under the moniker Andrew W.K. (he had first been credited as \"Andrew W.K.\" on a remix entitled \"Wolf Eyes Rules (What Kinda Band?)\" for the noise rock band Wolf Eyes).", "\"Girls Own Juice\" introduced his hard rock-influenced musical style and experimental tendencies, described as \"Judas Priest mixed with Sparks\" by Magas, a collaborator of W.K.'s.", "The release increased buzz for W.K., centered around his \"hedonistic, so-dumb-it's-smart rawk.\"", "He continued to build his reputation by performing various solo gigs in the New York and other East Coast areas.", "Wilkes-Krier and his then manager Matt Sweeney later shipped out a number of Andrew W.K. demo tapes, each accompanied by a handwritten letter.", "One tape reached alternative rock musician Dave Grohl; impressed, Grohl offered Andrew W.K. a slot opening for his band Foo Fighters at a concert in San Francisco, which he accepted.", "Another tape reached The Island Def Jam Music Group executive Lewis Largent, who liked the demos enough to attend an Andrew W.K. gig at the Mercury Lounge, where Largent was impressed by how W.K. \"won over every last person in the audience.\"", "Wilkes-Krier reacted with surprise to Island's interest in him, and despite his manager urging him not to accept his very first offer, W.K. was eager to begin work with Island.", "\"Girls Own Juice\" was followed by another Bulb Records EP entitled \"Party Til You Puke\" in October 2000.", "Following the release of \"Party Til You Puke\", Andrew W.K. left Bulb Records amicably to sign with Island Records.\nW.K.'s major-label debut studio album, \"I Get Wet\", was released on November 13, 2001, on Island Records.", "Continuing the sound established by his previous Bulb Records EPs, \"I Get Wet\" is characterized by its metal and punk rock influences and lyrical content revolving around partying.", "The album is known for its cover art, a photograph by Roe Ethridge of Andrew W.K. with a stream of blood running from his nose onto his chin and neck, which generated minor controversy in Europe after it was seen to represent cocaine abuse; W.K. reportedly achieved the effect by striking himself in the face with a brick during the photo shoot, and subsequently supplementing his own blood with some of an animal obtained from a butcher's shop.", "\"I Get Wet\" earned positive press from publications such as \"NME\" and \"Kerrang!\" and featured two UK hit singles, \"Party Hard\" and \"She Is Beautiful\", also rising to the top spot on \"Billboard\"s Top Heatseekers albums chart.", "At the same time, W.K. also developed a reputation for his highly energetic live shows.", "Andrew W.K. joined Ozzy Osbourne's Ozzfest that summer, and a number of \"I Get Wet\"s tracks, such as \"Party Hard\", \"It's Time to Party\", and \"Fun Night\" were licensed for use in various video games, films, TV series, and commercials.", "In 2002, W.K., Gibson Goodness and Alec Rominger re-recorded his song \"We Want Fun\" from \"AWKGOJ\" for the soundtrack of \"Jackass: The Movie\"; an accompanying music video was also produced, filmed and directed by Jeff Tremaine with additional camera work by Spike Jonze.", "By September 2018, the album had sold 267,000 copies in the US.", "In late 2003, W.K. released his second studio album \"The Wolf\".", "In contrast to \"I Get Wet\", which was recorded by W.K. with his live band, \"The Wolf\" featured W.K. playing all instruments, with heavy use of overdubbing of these instrument sections in production.", "The album spawned the singles \"Tear It Up\" and \"Never Let Down\" in the United States, while the song \"Long Live the Party\" was a minor hit in Japan.", "The single \"Tear It Up\" was included as menu music in the video-game Nascar Thunder TM 2004.", "Despite earning Andrew W.K.'s highest chart position ever at #61 on the Billboard 200, it fell off after only a week, and three months after its release the album had only sold 36,098 copies.", "On tour for \"The Wolf\", W.K. was injured on stage and broke his foot.", "After the concert, he signed autographs from the ambulance.", "Not wanting to let his fans down, he performed the remainder of the tour in a wheelchair.", "Though \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\" failed to see wide release in 2006, W.K. continued to be active, releasing a live concert DVD entitled \"Who Knows?\"", "in February that year and presenting five screenings of the film in New York and Hollywood.", "In March 2006, during an episode of Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones' radio show \"Jonesy's Jukebox\", W.K. debuted a new song entitled \"I'm a Vagabond\".", "On November 26, 2008, under Universal Music Group, he released his fourth studio album, \"The Japan Covers\", which consists of cover versions of J-pop songs, as well as a compilation entitled \"The Very Best", "So Far\".", "In February 2009, Wilkes-Krier claimed to have found a loophole in his contractual constraints allowing him to form his own record label, Skyscraper Music Maker, based in London and Manhattan.", "The label released \"DAMN!", "The Mixtape Vol. 1\" on May 25, 2009, a compilation of W.K.'s production work for Skyscraper Music Maker artists Bad Brilliance, Aleister X, and Cherie Lily, with music by New York producer, DJ B-Roc.", "Wilkes-Krier's fifth studio album \"55 Cadillac\" served as the label's second release.", "Recorded entirely by Wilkes-Krier and consisting of his spontaneous solo piano improvisations, the album was released on September 7, 2009.", "In a piece written to accompany the release of the album, he explained that the last decade had \"been so fraught with legal trouble\" that he began to suffer hallucinations, which inspired him to produce the album, and that successful negotiations had allowed him to start a new label and release \"55 Cadillac\", which he described as \"the sound of a piano being played by a free man – nothing more, nothing less.\"", "New negotiations were undertaken over the UK release of \"55 Cadillac\", as \"certain people [who] weren't credited because they weren't involved with the recording... had to be given credit,\" owing to previous contracts.", "Wilkes-Krier and his management settled by renaming Skyscraper Music Maker as Steev Mike, which the parties involved saw as a reasonable compromise.", "All prior complaints were dropped and Wilkes-Krier was then allowed to release the album worldwide.", "On September 9, Andrew W.K. released a Japan-only album entitled \"Gundam Rock\", consisting of covered music from the Gundam anime television series to celebrate its 30th anniversary in Japan; he had been approached by Japanese animation studio Sunrise Inc. to record the album following the success of \"The Japan Covers\".", "With all prior legal disputes over credit and naming settled, in March 2010 Andrew W.K. and the newly named Steev Mike label presented its first official release: a repackaged two-disc version of \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\" with a bonus disc of rare and unreleased material entitled \"Mother of Mankind\".", "To promote the set, Andrew W.K. joined the 2010 Warped Tour as a headlining act for the entire tour.", "A music video for the single \"I Want to See You Go Wild\" from \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\", directed by Peter Glantz, was released in June 2010.", "In March 2011, Andrew W.K. released a new EP entitled \"The \"Party All Goddamn Night\" EP\", which consists of five new tracks and two previously released singles.", "In September 2012, while attending a fan convention for \"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\", he expressed the possibility of recording a new album.", "In a Reddit \"Ask Me Anything\" thread in October 2014, Wilkes-Krier stated that while his other career ventures had kept him from releasing a new studio album, he was eager to record one: \"I've been stock-piling new songs for several years.", "I really want to make a new album as soon as possible.", "\"\nIn September 2017, W.K. announced that a new studio album would be set for release on March 2, 2018, via Sony Music.", "In November, he announced its title, \"You're Not Alone\", and shared its cover artwork.", "The album was released on March 2, 2018.", "In August 2018 he revealed to \"Riff Magazine\" that he had begun recording his next album.", "In October 2020, Andrew W.K. signed with Napalm Records and announced that he was working on a new album.", "The lead single \"Babalon\" was released on February 17, 2021.", "\"Babalon\" was announced via a Napalm Records press release and made available for limited pre-order on the Napalm Records and Andrew W.K. stores as a 7\" vinyl with the instrumental B-Side \"The Party Gods\".", "The release, limited to 393 copies, marked a departure from Andrew W.K.'s traditionally positive and uplifting themes, and features \"swinging drums and a sinister guitar riff open[ing] the track's hellish gates.", "\"\nOn May 6, 2021, Andrew W.K. announced that his sixth studio album, \"God Is Partying\", was to be released on September 10, 2021.", "Co-produced by long-time recording partner Ted Young, the nine-track album features W.K. performing all instruments.", "The announcement was accompanied by the release of a new single, \"I'm in Heaven\".", "On July 14, 2021, the video for \"Everybody Sins\" was released and features an appearance by Kat Dennings.", "In September 2021, the album \"God Is Partying\" was released alongside the single \"Stay True To Your Heart\".", "Shortly after the release of the album, W.K. delayed upcoming shows and deleted his website and social media pages with no explanation, his label also remaining quiet on what was happening.", "In 2005, Andrew announced that he would begin performing as a self-help, new age motivational speaker.", "He accepted invitations to speak at Yale University, New York University, the University of Wisconsin, Carnegie Mellon University, the Cooper Union, Missouri Western State University, and Northeastern University.", "During 2007, Andrew performed a series of unpredictable happenings as part of his \"One Man Show\" tour.", "Each event began with Andrew improvising on the piano alone on a stage before they frequently evolved into giant parties, with most of the audience dancing on stage with Andrew, themselves playing the piano and singing the lyrics.", "In March 2007, \"The New York Times\" put Andrew on the front page of its Arts section, in a feature article on Andrew's lectures.", "In 2008, Andrew's self-help work led to his second appearance as a sit-down guest on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".", "In November 2008, \"Time\" magazine called him \"truly cute.\"\nIn June 2012, W.K. announced that he would be appearing at the \"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\" fan convention Canterlot Gardens.", "His appearance was announced as a motivational seminar on \"How to Party like Pinkie Pie\", based on one of the show's lead characters, Pinkie Pie.", "The appearance was featured in \"Rolling Stone\", and was co-hosted by musician and personality Klisk Midori.", "In June 2014, Andrew was announced to speak as a guest lecturer at the Oxford Union.", "W.K.'s keynote, titled \"Andrew W.K. and The Philosophy of Partying\", discussed his signature message of positive power and celebratory self-confidence.", "Regarding the lecture, Oxford's Nick Fowler said: \"In my opinion, Andrew is one of Rock N' Roll's great philosophers.\"", "And the Oxford University Rock Society offered their own statement: \"We've seen rock stars, we've seen brilliant public speakers, but rarely are they the same person, and rarely do they have as intriguing and broad a background as Andrew W.K.\"\nIn September 2014, Andrew gave a lecture on his philosophy of partying at Baltimore School for the Arts as part of The Contemporary museum's speaker series called \"CoHosts.\"", "In the same month, he also brought his Village Voice advice column, \"Ask Andrew W.K.,\" to life in an intimate setting at New York City nightclub, Santos Party House.", "In July 2016, Andrew announced \"The Power of Partying\" tour, his first nationwide speaking tour, spanning the entire country with stops in all 50 U.S. states.", "Each evening will be an intimate celebration of discussion, a pep rally for the inner spirit, and an optimistic look at the overwhelming intensity of life.", "The tour sees Andrew continuing his eternal mission to defend and promote human joy, and the never-ending collective search to find truth through partying.", "In February 2018, Andrew was named the Person of the Year by the American Association Of Suicidology.", "The AAS stated, \"The inaugural Person of the Year Award will be presented to Andrew W.K. due to his consistent and powerful use of positivity to improve the lives of those who hear his music.", "\"", "Andrew wrote a monthly column in FRONT Magazine in the UK.", "Andrew also wrote a monthly advice column in the Japanese magazine \"Rockin' On\", which ran for 10 years – from 2002 until 2012 – and resulted in a book of all the advice columns compiled, called \"I Will Change Your Life.\"\nIn September 2013, Andrew announced that his first book about partying, \"The Party Bible,\" will be published by Simon & Schuster.", "The announcement, first broken on The A.V. Club, is accompanied by a video of the \"Party Hard\" rock icon's physical and mental preparation for the literary task.", "In January 2014, The Village Voice announced a new weekly advice column from Andrew called \"Ask Andrew W.K.\"", "The column appeared in the print edition of the paper, as well as Village Voice online.", "On September 28, 2016, Vice Media announced a new weekly column from Andrew W.K. and published his first piece titled \"Andrew W.K. on Pressure.\"", "The column appeared on the Vice website with Andrew writing about a singular topic each week.", "Outside of his solo work, Andrew also performed with and produced music for the avant-garde ensemble To Live and Shave in L.A.", "He first appeared on the band's 2004 release \"God and Country Rally!\"", "He co-produced their 2006 studio album \"Noon and Eternity\", and appears on the group's other 2006 release, the \"chronological remix\" project \"Horoscopo: Sanatorio de Molière\".", "In late 2006, Andrew re-worked his song \"Fun Night\" into a theme song for the Arizona Sundogs, a hockey team.", "The song was titled \"Sundogs (It Just Got Hotter)\".", "The song \"Fun Night\" also appeared in the film \"Old School\" during one of the party scenes.", "Andrew was also a judge for the 5th and 10th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.", "On July 7, 2007, at 7:07 pm, Andrew appeared as one of the 77 drummers in the 77 Boadrum concert held at the Empire-Fulton Ferry State Park in Brooklyn, New York which was organized by Japanese noise rock group Boredoms.", "In September 2007 Andrew's piano playing was featured on a jazz fusion CD release \"électricité\" with Mike Pachelli on guitar, Rich Russo on drums, and Dennis Harding on bass for Los Angeles-based Fullblast Recordings (2007).", "Andrew has also performed and recorded electric bass guitar for the artist Baby Dee, whom he met while playing live as the bassist of Current 93.", "Andrew played bass and drums on Dee's \"Safe Inside the Day\" album, and performed with her group at a 2008 show Manhattan.", "He also produced and mixed Dee's 2011 album, \"Regifted Light\".", "Andrew has performed bass guitar with Current 93 at the Donau Festival in Krems, Austria in April 2007, the UK All Tomorrow's Parties festival in May 2007, and their European tour in April 2008.", "On Friday, December 5, 2008, an Andrew W.K. fan named Dominic Owen Mallary died after an accident while his band Last Lights performed at Boston University.", "Dominic had always said that he wanted to have Andrew W.K. play during his funeral.", "After several friends of Dominic emailed him, Andrew came to the wake, and played classical piano for the entire time after paying his respects.", "Andrew formed the group The Brill Sisters with guitarist Matt Sweeney and producer Don Fleming.", "They played their first show (without Fleming) at Santos Party House on April 2, 2009.", "The entire group performed together on April 21, 2009.", "Andrew has collaborated with Canada's Nardwuar the Human Serviette and his band The Evaporators to record the split 7-inch A Wild Pear, released in 2009.", "They worked together again on a pair of tracks for The Evaporators' 2012 album Busy Doing Nothing.", "In 2012, it was believed that the United States State Department had named W.K. the U.S. Cultural Ambassador to Bahrain.", "In reality, he had been merely asked to speak at the Embassy as part of a cultural speakers program, an invitation which, upon further reflection, was repealed \"because it did not meet the standards of the State Department.\"", "Andrew set a world record for Longest Drum Session in a Retail Store at the MTV O Music Awards on Thursday, June 20, 2013, after drumming non-stop for 24 hours.", "On Thursday, June 12, 2014, Andrew co-hosted the Relentless Kerrang!", "Awards alongside Scott Ian of Anthrax.", "The event was held at East London's Troxy.", "Andrew also made an appearance as himself in the Cyanide and Happiness show.", "Most recently, he appeared as a fictional version of himself, \"Intern Andrew W.K.,\" in a live show for Welcome to Night Vale, entitled \"The Librarian\".", "Andrew is featured on \"Nekrogoblikon's\" album titled \"Heavy Meta\" released on June 2, 2015.", "Andrew appeared on Ken Reid's \"TV Guidance Counselor\" podcast on December 11, 2015.", "Andrew played the role of the character known as \"Redeye\" in the game \"Fallout 4\" in the Nuka-World DLC.", "Andrew has made multiple appearances on MTV, MTV2, and VH1, hosting shows such as \"The Most Outrageous Frontmen\", with Johnny Knoxville and \"Backstage Pass\" at the Warped Tour.", "Andrew was the focus of a televised live performance at Cleveland's Rock 'N' Roll Hall of Fame, broadcast on MTV.", "He's also made appearances on the shows, \"I Love The 90's\", \"I Love The New Millennium\", \"Black to the Future\", \"I Love The Holidays\", \"The Great Debate\", \"Best Week Ever\" and \"The Osbournes\".", "Andrew was also featured on a popular MTV show called \"Crashing With Andrew W.K.\", which documented Andrew's visit to a girl's dorm at North Carolina Central University.", "In 2004, Andrew had a television show on MTV2 titled \"Your Friend, Andrew W.K.\".", "In the series, fans would write letters to Andrew, asking for his help.", "Andrew would pick certain letters and go to visit them.", "The series lasted for 11 episodes, each about 9 or 10 minutes in length.", "During the filming of the show, Andrew was in a car crash but sustained no serious injuries.", "Andrew has performed on TV shows such as \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", \"Last Call with Carson Daly\", \"Saturday Night Live\", and the \"Spike TV Video Game Awards\".", "His most recent performance was with Bonnie 'Prince' Billy on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".", "He had a cameo in the show \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force\", singing \"Party Party Party\", a song that combines elements of multiple previous Andrew W.K. songs.", "The song was released on \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters the Soundtrack\".", "Andrew's only confirmed movie role is in \"Punk Rock Holocaust\", playing himself.", "Andrew was also featured on the finale of the third season of \"Kathy Griffin:", "My Life on the D-List\" as Kathy's date in New York.", "The two attended one of Andrew's performance art shows.", "\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" has twice featured Andrew as a sit-down interview guest—the first in 2003 to speak about the \"Your Friend, Andrew W.K.\" show, and then again in 2007, to speak about his motivational performance tours.", "Andrew was a frequent guest on the Fox News late-night program, \"Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld\".", "Andrew has also been a featured interviewer and guest on \"The Daily Show\".", "In 2011, he appeared in A Day to Remember's video for \"All I Want.\"", "Andrew also appears on the vocal-instructional DVD \"The Zen of Screaming\".", "Cartoon Network also used Andrew W.K. in a music video about the network's new live-action shows.", "The song and video, \"Hearing What I Say\" (adapted from Andrew's 2006 song, \"Not Going to Bed\") aired extensively on Cartoon Network and was available on YouTube.", "Later the clip was replaced by another bumper.", "In 2011, Andrew was part of a pyrotechnic stunt with motocross superstar Robbie Maddison performing a backflip on his motorcycle while Andrew presented the event for Cartoon Network's Hall of Game Awards.", "Andrew presented Cartoon Network's live-action show Destroy Build Destroy.", "Andrew had a cameo on Cartoon Network's \"Mad\", in the episode \"Kung Fu Blander / Destroy Bob the Builder Destroy,\" which spoofed only \"Bob the Builder\" In 2014, Andrew appeared on Fuse TV's \"Insane Clown Posse Theater\" with Insane Clown Posse.", "Andrew also starred in \"Lil BUB's Special Special\" on Animal Planet alongside Lil Bub herself and Amy Sedaris.", "The TV special premiered on Saturday, February 8 at 9:00 pm right after the \"Too Cute\" show.", "Andrew's trip to a safari park is the subject of the documentary film, \"Party Safari\" (2014), by Nik Box & Chris Hines.", "In August 2014, Andrew hosted his own show on Kerrang!", "TV called \"Andrew W.K.'s Party Hard 100\" in which he counted down some of the most party videos on Earth.", "Andrew also guest co-hosted six episodes of Pivot's \"TakePart Live\" alongside Meghan McCain and Jacob Soboroff.", "Andrew appeared as a guest on \"The SDR Show\" with Ralph Sutton and Big Jay Oakerson.", "He has also made a comeback to Cartoon Network in late March on Pete Browngart's animated series \"Uncle Grandpa\" as himself hosting a party alongside Pizza Steve and Mr. Gus in the episode, \"Shower Party.\"", "In addition to producing his own music on the albums \"I Get Wet\", \"The Wolf\", \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\", and \"You're Not Alone\", Andrew has produced and mixed music for other artists as well as working on special commercial music projects.", "These include the production of music exclusively for commercial use on television and radio.", "In 2008, Andrew gained new notoriety for recording a song called \"The McLaughlin Groove\", based on an exchange between Pat Buchanan and John McLaughlin on the political television show \"The McLaughlin Group\".", "The song was commissioned by the Public Radio International show \"Fair Game\", on which Andrew has appeared for interviews.", "In 2004, Andrew recorded a television jingle for Kit Kat candy bars, and rewrote their trademark \"Give Me A Break\" slogan into a new song.", "The recording appeared in a variety of 30-second, 45-second, and 1 minute commercials, broadcast on television worldwide.", "\"I avoided working with other people for many years, partly out of paranoia, and partly out of an earnest desire to stand on my own.", "After a while, I got tired of thinking that way, and it just seemed natural to do the opposite of what I had done before.", "I like making music with other people.", "I can still make music by myself too.\".", "Andrew's earliest external production work was with the group Wolf Eyes, on their now out-of-print 12-inch EP \"Fortune Dove\".", "The last track on that album, \"What Kind of Band?\" features Andrew W.K. on vocals explaining why he enjoys listening to Wolf Eyes.", "Since then, he's chosen to work on a select and seemingly random set of projects, beginning with production and mixing on the album, \"Through The Panama\", by Brooklyn, NY based three-piece art rock band, Sightings.", "The album was jointly released by Load Records and Thurston Moore's Ecstatic Peace! label in October 2007.", "At the end of 2007, Andrew accepted an invitation to produce a new album, \"Repentance\", for veteran reggae artist Lee \"Scratch\" Perry.", "The two had met when Andrew interviewed Perry for DirecTV.", "\"Repentance\" was nominated for \"Best Reggae Album\" in the 2009 Grammy Awards.", "On February 20, 2008, Andrew released an exclusive ringtone commissioned by Universal Music Japan for the Japanese mobile phone market.", "The song is called, \"Sonna no Kankei Ne Rock\", which celebrates a then popular catch-phrase by a TV Talent, \"Sonna no Kankei Ne, Hai Oppappi!\"", "This translates to, \"I Don't Give A Damn, Yes Oppappi!\"", "The ringtone was first announced on a Japanese national T.V. program called \"Music Station\" and had over 3,500 downloads that day.", "Cumulative sales of ringtone are over 20,000.", "Andrew's song debuted at No.1 in Label Mobile's International daily ringtone chart.", "Label Mobile is the biggest mobile retailer in Japan.", "In the spring of 2008, Andrew and three partners opened a multi-level nightclub and live concert hall in downtown Manhattan, New York City.", "The venue was named Santos Party House, and featured of dance floor and concert facilities, and over 150 loud-speakers.", "The space was designed for disco dancing and live music.", "It was one of the few new venues in New York City to be granted a liquor license and a cabaret license.", "The cabaret license means people can legally dance until 4 am.", "Santos Party House received numerous awards, including The People's Choice Award for Best Night Club, Best New Club, Best DJ Night (from \"Paper Magazine\"), Best New Dance Floor (from \"The Village Voice\"), and many more.", "In May 2009, Wilkes-Krier and his work with Santos was the subject of an extensive four-page article in \"New York Magazine\".", "In 2010, the Zagat Survey rated Santos Party House the \"Top Dance Club\" in all of New York City.", "Santos Party House's last night of operation was May 29, 2016.", "On April 28, 2015, W.K. announced a new radio show called \"America W.K.\" on TheBlaze Radio Network, the new show will be a two-hour Saturday program focusing on \"what it is to be alive—meaning, motivation, mind set, and making dreams come true, all included in a celebration of life itself—and all with a positive and honest outlook\".", "In November 2004, W.K.'s official website was hacked with threats of blackmail from someone who claimed to have co-created Andrew W.K.'s persona, and demanded to be included in the production of the third album, claiming to be \"Steev Mike\".", "W.K. responded stating, \"Please don't believe Steev Mike.", "I used to call myself Steev Mike a long time ago and it's nothing now.", "Someone is trying to confuse you and make me look bad.", "\"\nIn subsequent years, W.K. denied various theories accusing him of being a fake entity, declaring himself to be \"a real person who thinks for himself\" and \"not the victim of anyone or group of people trying to influence my career or life\".", "He clarified that \"the nature of how we presented my initial offerings caused some confusion, even though I tried to make it as straightforward as possible...", "Different people I've worked with and different parts of my back story have gotten twisted and changed.", "But I made the music on my albums – I had a lot of help from incredible people, but not the kind of help that some people think.", "\"\nIn September 2009, W.K. acknowledged legal disputes around his name: \"At the end of 2004, an old friend of mine got in some business trouble and basically decided to take it out on me... they were able to turn my life and career upside down.", "I wasn't allowed to use my own name within certain areas...", "This made my life complicated and intense for a few years, but I kept working and doing whatever I could to keep moving forward.", "\"", "W.K. is known for his long hair and wearing a usually dirty all white outfit, consisting of a white t-shirt, white jeans, black digital watch and sneakers.", "The album artwork for \"I Get Wet\" featured a photo of Andrew with a bloody nose and this image is used frequently in his merchandise and persona.", "W.K. has six tattoos, all of which are straight lines on his arms.", "In 2011, Kesha gave Andrew a line tattoo with a pen and a safety pin that resulted in an infection.", "Andrew W.K. previously lived in Midtown Manhattan but left in 2006 or 2007, \"bouncing between short-term situations\" in other locations outside New York.", "He married Cherie Lily on October 4, 2008, in a traditional Persian wedding ceremony at Santos Party House, a nightclub in Chinatown that W.K. co", "-", "owned.", "They met through their mutual heavy-metal voice instructor, and Lily performed with W.K.'s band as a vocalist and hypewoman from 2006 until 2018.", "W.K. has two children but keeps them out of the public eye.", "In May 2021, W.K. announced via a press release that he and his ex-wife Cherie had begun amicable divorce proceedings in late 2019.", "He also confirmed that he was dating actress Kat Dennings, after the two met in Los Angeles in early 2021.", "A week later, on May 13, 2021, the couple announced their engagement on Instagram.", "<onlyinclude>\n</onlyinclude>" ]

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[ "Andrew Fetterly Wilkes-Krier (born May 9, 1979), known professionally as Andrew W.K., is an American conceptual performance artist, rock singer, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and actor.", "He performed in a number of local bands before eventually moving to New York, where he produced his first recordings under the Andrew W.K. moniker.", "After gaining initial attention with the 2000 EP \"Girls Own Juice\", Wilkes-Krier rose to prominence with the release of his debut studio album \"I Get Wet\" in November 2001.", "In the years following its release, Wilkes-Krier has undertaken a number of other musical and non-musical ventures including television and radio work, motivational speaking, and writing." ]

[ "Andrew Wilkes-Krier was born in Stanford, California, and grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan.", "His father is Professor James E. Krier, a legal scholar at the University of Michigan Law School and co-author of the widely used Dukeminier & Krier Property casebook.", "His mother is Wendy Wilkes.", "His younger brother, Patrick, was a golf pro and is now a golf coach in Michigan.", "At the age of 4, Wilkes-Krier began learning piano at the University of Michigan School of Music.", "He has recalled early family trips to Midnight Mass as having had an enormous impact on his love for music.", "He was dubbed Andrew W.K. by an elementary school teacher to differentiate him from his classmates Andrew Cohen and Andrew Gilchrist.", "He later attended the private college preparatory Greenhills School for middle school before attending the alternative Community High School from 1993 to 1997, where he continued to study piano and keyboard.", "In 1993, at the age of 14, he joined the band Slam, later to be called Reverse Polarity.", "In 1996, a song recorded by W.K. entitled \"Mr. Surprise\" was included on \"Plant the Flower Seeds\", a compilation by the Ypsilanti, Michigan-based record label Westside Audio Laboratories, marking his first publicly-released recording.", "Over the next five years, W.K. would play in a number of Detroit-based punk rock and heavy metal bands, including The Pterodactyls; Lab Lobotomy; Music Band; Mr. Velocity Hopkins; playing drums in grindcore metal band, Kathode; in addition to forming the noise rock project Ancient Art of Boar, later known as AAB, which served as an outlet for his early solo material.", "In 1998, W.K. moved from Michigan to New York City, where he worked as a bubblegum machine salesman, an opera ticket salesman, a fashion photographer, a window decorator at the Bergdorf Goodman department store, a milkshake maker and waiter for a Mexican restaurant and in the offices of avant-garde fashion company Comme des Garçons, among other short-lived jobs.", "He ended the AAB project and began recording new solo material under his full \"Andrew Wilkes-Krier\" name; the year saw the release of a cassette-only single entitled \"Room to Breathe\" on Hanson Records.", "A follow-up release entitled \"You Are What You Eat\" was scrapped when the master recordings went missing.", "W.K. also recorded the soundtrack for an independent film named \"Poltergeist\" made by Aaron Dilloway and himself, one track of which appeared on the Hanson Records compilation \"Labyrinths & Jokes\".", "In 1999, he moved to Seffner, Florida, to start building his live band with drummer Donald \"D.T.\" Tardy, of death metal band Obituary.", "In March 2000, Wilkes-Krier released his first EP, \"Girls Own Juice\", also abbreviated as \"AWKGOJ\", on Bulb Records, his first solo release under the moniker Andrew W.K. (he had first been credited as \"Andrew W.K.\" on a remix entitled \"Wolf Eyes Rules (What Kinda Band?)\" for the noise rock band Wolf Eyes).", "\"Girls Own Juice\" introduced his hard rock-influenced musical style and experimental tendencies, described as \"Judas Priest mixed with Sparks\" by Magas, a collaborator of W.K.'s.", "The release increased buzz for W.K., centered around his \"hedonistic, so-dumb-it's-smart rawk.\"", "He continued to build his reputation by performing various solo gigs in the New York and other East Coast areas.", "Wilkes-Krier and his then manager Matt Sweeney later shipped out a number of Andrew W.K. demo tapes, each accompanied by a handwritten letter.", "One tape reached alternative rock musician Dave Grohl; impressed, Grohl offered Andrew W.K. a slot opening for his band Foo Fighters at a concert in San Francisco, which he accepted.", "Another tape reached The Island Def Jam Music Group executive Lewis Largent, who liked the demos enough to attend an Andrew W.K. gig at the Mercury Lounge, where Largent was impressed by how W.K. \"won over every last person in the audience.\"", "Wilkes-Krier reacted with surprise to Island's interest in him, and despite his manager urging him not to accept his very first offer, W.K. was eager to begin work with Island.", "\"Girls Own Juice\" was followed by another Bulb Records EP entitled \"Party Til You Puke\" in October 2000.", "Following the release of \"Party Til You Puke\", Andrew W.K. left Bulb Records amicably to sign with Island Records.\nW.K.'s major-label debut studio album, \"I Get Wet\", was released on November 13, 2001, on Island Records.", "Continuing the sound established by his previous Bulb Records EPs, \"I Get Wet\" is characterized by its metal and punk rock influences and lyrical content revolving around partying.", "The album is known for its cover art, a photograph by Roe Ethridge of Andrew W.K. with a stream of blood running from his nose onto his chin and neck, which generated minor controversy in Europe after it was seen to represent cocaine abuse; W.K. reportedly achieved the effect by striking himself in the face with a brick during the photo shoot, and subsequently supplementing his own blood with some of an animal obtained from a butcher's shop.", "\"I Get Wet\" earned positive press from publications such as \"NME\" and \"Kerrang!\" and featured two UK hit singles, \"Party Hard\" and \"She Is Beautiful\", also rising to the top spot on \"Billboard\"s Top Heatseekers albums chart.", "At the same time, W.K. also developed a reputation for his highly energetic live shows.", "Andrew W.K. joined Ozzy Osbourne's Ozzfest that summer, and a number of \"I Get Wet\"s tracks, such as \"Party Hard\", \"It's Time to Party\", and \"Fun Night\" were licensed for use in various video games, films, TV series, and commercials.", "In 2002, W.K., Gibson Goodness and Alec Rominger re-recorded his song \"We Want Fun\" from \"AWKGOJ\" for the soundtrack of \"Jackass: The Movie\"; an accompanying music video was also produced, filmed and directed by Jeff Tremaine with additional camera work by Spike Jonze.", "By September 2018, the album had sold 267,000 copies in the US.", "In late 2003, W.K. released his second studio album \"The Wolf\".", "In contrast to \"I Get Wet\", which was recorded by W.K. with his live band, \"The Wolf\" featured W.K. playing all instruments, with heavy use of overdubbing of these instrument sections in production.", "The album spawned the singles \"Tear It Up\" and \"Never Let Down\" in the United States, while the song \"Long Live the Party\" was a minor hit in Japan.", "The single \"Tear It Up\" was included as menu music in the video-game Nascar Thunder TM 2004.", "Despite earning Andrew W.K.'s highest chart position ever at #61 on the Billboard 200, it fell off after only a week, and three months after its release the album had only sold 36,098 copies.", "On tour for \"The Wolf\", W.K. was injured on stage and broke his foot.", "After the concert, he signed autographs from the ambulance.", "Not wanting to let his fans down, he performed the remainder of the tour in a wheelchair.", "Though \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\" failed to see wide release in 2006, W.K. continued to be active, releasing a live concert DVD entitled \"Who Knows?\"", "in February that year and presenting five screenings of the film in New York and Hollywood.", "In March 2006, during an episode of Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones' radio show \"Jonesy's Jukebox\", W.K. debuted a new song entitled \"I'm a Vagabond\".", "On November 26, 2008, under Universal Music Group, he released his fourth studio album, \"The Japan Covers\", which consists of cover versions of J-pop songs, as well as a compilation entitled \"The Very Best", "So Far\".", "In February 2009, Wilkes-Krier claimed to have found a loophole in his contractual constraints allowing him to form his own record label, Skyscraper Music Maker, based in London and Manhattan.", "The label released \"DAMN!", "The Mixtape Vol. 1\" on May 25, 2009, a compilation of W.K.'s production work for Skyscraper Music Maker artists Bad Brilliance, Aleister X, and Cherie Lily, with music by New York producer, DJ B-Roc.", "Wilkes-Krier's fifth studio album \"55 Cadillac\" served as the label's second release.", "Recorded entirely by Wilkes-Krier and consisting of his spontaneous solo piano improvisations, the album was released on September 7, 2009.", "In a piece written to accompany the release of the album, he explained that the last decade had \"been so fraught with legal trouble\" that he began to suffer hallucinations, which inspired him to produce the album, and that successful negotiations had allowed him to start a new label and release \"55 Cadillac\", which he described as \"the sound of a piano being played by a free man – nothing more, nothing less.\"", "New negotiations were undertaken over the UK release of \"55 Cadillac\", as \"certain people [who] weren't credited because they weren't involved with the recording... had to be given credit,\" owing to previous contracts.", "Wilkes-Krier and his management settled by renaming Skyscraper Music Maker as Steev Mike, which the parties involved saw as a reasonable compromise.", "All prior complaints were dropped and Wilkes-Krier was then allowed to release the album worldwide.", "On September 9, Andrew W.K. released a Japan-only album entitled \"Gundam Rock\", consisting of covered music from the Gundam anime television series to celebrate its 30th anniversary in Japan; he had been approached by Japanese animation studio Sunrise Inc. to record the album following the success of \"The Japan Covers\".", "With all prior legal disputes over credit and naming settled, in March 2010 Andrew W.K. and the newly named Steev Mike label presented its first official release: a repackaged two-disc version of \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\" with a bonus disc of rare and unreleased material entitled \"Mother of Mankind\".", "To promote the set, Andrew W.K. joined the 2010 Warped Tour as a headlining act for the entire tour.", "A music video for the single \"I Want to See You Go Wild\" from \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\", directed by Peter Glantz, was released in June 2010.", "In March 2011, Andrew W.K. released a new EP entitled \"The \"Party All Goddamn Night\" EP\", which consists of five new tracks and two previously released singles.", "In September 2012, while attending a fan convention for \"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\", he expressed the possibility of recording a new album.", "In a Reddit \"Ask Me Anything\" thread in October 2014, Wilkes-Krier stated that while his other career ventures had kept him from releasing a new studio album, he was eager to record one: \"I've been stock-piling new songs for several years.", "I really want to make a new album as soon as possible.", "\"\nIn September 2017, W.K. announced that a new studio album would be set for release on March 2, 2018, via Sony Music.", "In November, he announced its title, \"You're Not Alone\", and shared its cover artwork.", "The album was released on March 2, 2018.", "In August 2018 he revealed to \"Riff Magazine\" that he had begun recording his next album.", "In October 2020, Andrew W.K. signed with Napalm Records and announced that he was working on a new album.", "The lead single \"Babalon\" was released on February 17, 2021.", "\"Babalon\" was announced via a Napalm Records press release and made available for limited pre-order on the Napalm Records and Andrew W.K. stores as a 7\" vinyl with the instrumental B-Side \"The Party Gods\".", "The release, limited to 393 copies, marked a departure from Andrew W.K.'s traditionally positive and uplifting themes, and features \"swinging drums and a sinister guitar riff open[ing] the track's hellish gates.", "\"\nOn May 6, 2021, Andrew W.K. announced that his sixth studio album, \"God Is Partying\", was to be released on September 10, 2021.", "Co-produced by long-time recording partner Ted Young, the nine-track album features W.K. performing all instruments.", "The announcement was accompanied by the release of a new single, \"I'm in Heaven\".", "On July 14, 2021, the video for \"Everybody Sins\" was released and features an appearance by Kat Dennings.", "In September 2021, the album \"God Is Partying\" was released alongside the single \"Stay True To Your Heart\".", "Shortly after the release of the album, W.K. delayed upcoming shows and deleted his website and social media pages with no explanation, his label also remaining quiet on what was happening.", "In 2005, Andrew announced that he would begin performing as a self-help, new age motivational speaker.", "He accepted invitations to speak at Yale University, New York University, the University of Wisconsin, Carnegie Mellon University, the Cooper Union, Missouri Western State University, and Northeastern University.", "During 2007, Andrew performed a series of unpredictable happenings as part of his \"One Man Show\" tour.", "Each event began with Andrew improvising on the piano alone on a stage before they frequently evolved into giant parties, with most of the audience dancing on stage with Andrew, themselves playing the piano and singing the lyrics.", "In March 2007, \"The New York Times\" put Andrew on the front page of its Arts section, in a feature article on Andrew's lectures.", "In 2008, Andrew's self-help work led to his second appearance as a sit-down guest on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".", "In November 2008, \"Time\" magazine called him \"truly cute.\"\nIn June 2012, W.K. announced that he would be appearing at the \"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\" fan convention Canterlot Gardens.", "His appearance was announced as a motivational seminar on \"How to Party like Pinkie Pie\", based on one of the show's lead characters, Pinkie Pie.", "The appearance was featured in \"Rolling Stone\", and was co-hosted by musician and personality Klisk Midori.", "In June 2014, Andrew was announced to speak as a guest lecturer at the Oxford Union.", "W.K.'s keynote, titled \"Andrew W.K. and The Philosophy of Partying\", discussed his signature message of positive power and celebratory self-confidence.", "Regarding the lecture, Oxford's Nick Fowler said: \"In my opinion, Andrew is one of Rock N' Roll's great philosophers.\"", "And the Oxford University Rock Society offered their own statement: \"We've seen rock stars, we've seen brilliant public speakers, but rarely are they the same person, and rarely do they have as intriguing and broad a background as Andrew W.K.\"\nIn September 2014, Andrew gave a lecture on his philosophy of partying at Baltimore School for the Arts as part of The Contemporary museum's speaker series called \"CoHosts.\"", "In the same month, he also brought his Village Voice advice column, \"Ask Andrew W.K.,\" to life in an intimate setting at New York City nightclub, Santos Party House.", "In July 2016, Andrew announced \"The Power of Partying\" tour, his first nationwide speaking tour, spanning the entire country with stops in all 50 U.S. states.", "Each evening will be an intimate celebration of discussion, a pep rally for the inner spirit, and an optimistic look at the overwhelming intensity of life.", "The tour sees Andrew continuing his eternal mission to defend and promote human joy, and the never-ending collective search to find truth through partying.", "In February 2018, Andrew was named the Person of the Year by the American Association Of Suicidology.", "The AAS stated, \"The inaugural Person of the Year Award will be presented to Andrew W.K. due to his consistent and powerful use of positivity to improve the lives of those who hear his music.", "\"", "Andrew wrote a monthly column in FRONT Magazine in the UK.", "Andrew also wrote a monthly advice column in the Japanese magazine \"Rockin' On\", which ran for 10 years – from 2002 until 2012 – and resulted in a book of all the advice columns compiled, called \"I Will Change Your Life.\"\nIn September 2013, Andrew announced that his first book about partying, \"The Party Bible,\" will be published by Simon & Schuster.", "The announcement, first broken on The A.V. Club, is accompanied by a video of the \"Party Hard\" rock icon's physical and mental preparation for the literary task.", "In January 2014, The Village Voice announced a new weekly advice column from Andrew called \"Ask Andrew W.K.\"", "The column appeared in the print edition of the paper, as well as Village Voice online.", "On September 28, 2016, Vice Media announced a new weekly column from Andrew W.K. and published his first piece titled \"Andrew W.K. on Pressure.\"", "The column appeared on the Vice website with Andrew writing about a singular topic each week.", "Outside of his solo work, Andrew also performed with and produced music for the avant-garde ensemble To Live and Shave in L.A.", "He first appeared on the band's 2004 release \"God and Country Rally!\"", "He co-produced their 2006 studio album \"Noon and Eternity\", and appears on the group's other 2006 release, the \"chronological remix\" project \"Horoscopo: Sanatorio de Molière\".", "In late 2006, Andrew re-worked his song \"Fun Night\" into a theme song for the Arizona Sundogs, a hockey team.", "The song was titled \"Sundogs (It Just Got Hotter)\".", "The song \"Fun Night\" also appeared in the film \"Old School\" during one of the party scenes.", "Andrew was also a judge for the 5th and 10th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.", "On July 7, 2007, at 7:07 pm, Andrew appeared as one of the 77 drummers in the 77 Boadrum concert held at the Empire-Fulton Ferry State Park in Brooklyn, New York which was organized by Japanese noise rock group Boredoms.", "In September 2007 Andrew's piano playing was featured on a jazz fusion CD release \"électricité\" with Mike Pachelli on guitar, Rich Russo on drums, and Dennis Harding on bass for Los Angeles-based Fullblast Recordings (2007).", "Andrew has also performed and recorded electric bass guitar for the artist Baby Dee, whom he met while playing live as the bassist of Current 93.", "Andrew played bass and drums on Dee's \"Safe Inside the Day\" album, and performed with her group at a 2008 show Manhattan.", "He also produced and mixed Dee's 2011 album, \"Regifted Light\".", "Andrew has performed bass guitar with Current 93 at the Donau Festival in Krems, Austria in April 2007, the UK All Tomorrow's Parties festival in May 2007, and their European tour in April 2008.", "On Friday, December 5, 2008, an Andrew W.K. fan named Dominic Owen Mallary died after an accident while his band Last Lights performed at Boston University.", "Dominic had always said that he wanted to have Andrew W.K. play during his funeral.", "After several friends of Dominic emailed him, Andrew came to the wake, and played classical piano for the entire time after paying his respects.", "Andrew formed the group The Brill Sisters with guitarist Matt Sweeney and producer Don Fleming.", "They played their first show (without Fleming) at Santos Party House on April 2, 2009.", "The entire group performed together on April 21, 2009.", "Andrew has collaborated with Canada's Nardwuar the Human Serviette and his band The Evaporators to record the split 7-inch A Wild Pear, released in 2009.", "They worked together again on a pair of tracks for The Evaporators' 2012 album Busy Doing Nothing.", "In 2012, it was believed that the United States State Department had named W.K. the U.S. Cultural Ambassador to Bahrain.", "In reality, he had been merely asked to speak at the Embassy as part of a cultural speakers program, an invitation which, upon further reflection, was repealed \"because it did not meet the standards of the State Department.\"", "Andrew set a world record for Longest Drum Session in a Retail Store at the MTV O Music Awards on Thursday, June 20, 2013, after drumming non-stop for 24 hours.", "On Thursday, June 12, 2014, Andrew co-hosted the Relentless Kerrang!", "Awards alongside Scott Ian of Anthrax.", "The event was held at East London's Troxy.", "Andrew also made an appearance as himself in the Cyanide and Happiness show.", "Most recently, he appeared as a fictional version of himself, \"Intern Andrew W.K.,\" in a live show for Welcome to Night Vale, entitled \"The Librarian\".", "Andrew is featured on \"Nekrogoblikon's\" album titled \"Heavy Meta\" released on June 2, 2015.", "Andrew appeared on Ken Reid's \"TV Guidance Counselor\" podcast on December 11, 2015.", "Andrew played the role of the character known as \"Redeye\" in the game \"Fallout 4\" in the Nuka-World DLC.", "Andrew has made multiple appearances on MTV, MTV2, and VH1, hosting shows such as \"The Most Outrageous Frontmen\", with Johnny Knoxville and \"Backstage Pass\" at the Warped Tour.", "Andrew was the focus of a televised live performance at Cleveland's Rock 'N' Roll Hall of Fame, broadcast on MTV.", "He's also made appearances on the shows, \"I Love The 90's\", \"I Love The New Millennium\", \"Black to the Future\", \"I Love The Holidays\", \"The Great Debate\", \"Best Week Ever\" and \"The Osbournes\".", "Andrew was also featured on a popular MTV show called \"Crashing With Andrew W.K.\", which documented Andrew's visit to a girl's dorm at North Carolina Central University.", "In 2004, Andrew had a television show on MTV2 titled \"Your Friend, Andrew W.K.\".", "In the series, fans would write letters to Andrew, asking for his help.", "Andrew would pick certain letters and go to visit them.", "The series lasted for 11 episodes, each about 9 or 10 minutes in length.", "During the filming of the show, Andrew was in a car crash but sustained no serious injuries.", "Andrew has performed on TV shows such as \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", \"Last Call with Carson Daly\", \"Saturday Night Live\", and the \"Spike TV Video Game Awards\".", "His most recent performance was with Bonnie 'Prince' Billy on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".", "He had a cameo in the show \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force\", singing \"Party Party Party\", a song that combines elements of multiple previous Andrew W.K. songs.", "The song was released on \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters the Soundtrack\".", "Andrew's only confirmed movie role is in \"Punk Rock Holocaust\", playing himself.", "Andrew was also featured on the finale of the third season of \"Kathy Griffin:", "My Life on the D-List\" as Kathy's date in New York.", "The two attended one of Andrew's performance art shows.", "\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" has twice featured Andrew as a sit-down interview guest—the first in 2003 to speak about the \"Your Friend, Andrew W.K.\" show, and then again in 2007, to speak about his motivational performance tours.", "Andrew was a frequent guest on the Fox News late-night program, \"Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld\".", "Andrew has also been a featured interviewer and guest on \"The Daily Show\".", "In 2011, he appeared in A Day to Remember's video for \"All I Want.\"", "Andrew also appears on the vocal-instructional DVD \"The Zen of Screaming\".", "Cartoon Network also used Andrew W.K. in a music video about the network's new live-action shows.", "The song and video, \"Hearing What I Say\" (adapted from Andrew's 2006 song, \"Not Going to Bed\") aired extensively on Cartoon Network and was available on YouTube.", "Later the clip was replaced by another bumper.", "In 2011, Andrew was part of a pyrotechnic stunt with motocross superstar Robbie Maddison performing a backflip on his motorcycle while Andrew presented the event for Cartoon Network's Hall of Game Awards.", "Andrew presented Cartoon Network's live-action show Destroy Build Destroy.", "Andrew had a cameo on Cartoon Network's \"Mad\", in the episode \"Kung Fu Blander / Destroy Bob the Builder Destroy,\" which spoofed only \"Bob the Builder\" In 2014, Andrew appeared on Fuse TV's \"Insane Clown Posse Theater\" with Insane Clown Posse.", "Andrew also starred in \"Lil BUB's Special Special\" on Animal Planet alongside Lil Bub herself and Amy Sedaris.", "The TV special premiered on Saturday, February 8 at 9:00 pm right after the \"Too Cute\" show.", "Andrew's trip to a safari park is the subject of the documentary film, \"Party Safari\" (2014), by Nik Box & Chris Hines.", "In August 2014, Andrew hosted his own show on Kerrang!", "TV called \"Andrew W.K.'s Party Hard 100\" in which he counted down some of the most party videos on Earth.", "Andrew also guest co-hosted six episodes of Pivot's \"TakePart Live\" alongside Meghan McCain and Jacob Soboroff.", "Andrew appeared as a guest on \"The SDR Show\" with Ralph Sutton and Big Jay Oakerson.", "He has also made a comeback to Cartoon Network in late March on Pete Browngart's animated series \"Uncle Grandpa\" as himself hosting a party alongside Pizza Steve and Mr. Gus in the episode, \"Shower Party.\"", "In addition to producing his own music on the albums \"I Get Wet\", \"The Wolf\", \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\", and \"You're Not Alone\", Andrew has produced and mixed music for other artists as well as working on special commercial music projects.", "These include the production of music exclusively for commercial use on television and radio.", "In 2008, Andrew gained new notoriety for recording a song called \"The McLaughlin Groove\", based on an exchange between Pat Buchanan and John McLaughlin on the political television show \"The McLaughlin Group\".", "The song was commissioned by the Public Radio International show \"Fair Game\", on which Andrew has appeared for interviews.", "In 2004, Andrew recorded a television jingle for Kit Kat candy bars, and rewrote their trademark \"Give Me A Break\" slogan into a new song.", "The recording appeared in a variety of 30-second, 45-second, and 1 minute commercials, broadcast on television worldwide.", "\"I avoided working with other people for many years, partly out of paranoia, and partly out of an earnest desire to stand on my own.", "After a while, I got tired of thinking that way, and it just seemed natural to do the opposite of what I had done before.", "I like making music with other people.", "I can still make music by myself too.\".", "Andrew's earliest external production work was with the group Wolf Eyes, on their now out-of-print 12-inch EP \"Fortune Dove\".", "The last track on that album, \"What Kind of Band?\" features Andrew W.K. on vocals explaining why he enjoys listening to Wolf Eyes.", "Since then, he's chosen to work on a select and seemingly random set of projects, beginning with production and mixing on the album, \"Through The Panama\", by Brooklyn, NY based three-piece art rock band, Sightings.", "The album was jointly released by Load Records and Thurston Moore's Ecstatic Peace! label in October 2007.", "At the end of 2007, Andrew accepted an invitation to produce a new album, \"Repentance\", for veteran reggae artist Lee \"Scratch\" Perry.", "The two had met when Andrew interviewed Perry for DirecTV.", "\"Repentance\" was nominated for \"Best Reggae Album\" in the 2009 Grammy Awards.", "On February 20, 2008, Andrew released an exclusive ringtone commissioned by Universal Music Japan for the Japanese mobile phone market.", "The song is called, \"Sonna no Kankei Ne Rock\", which celebrates a then popular catch-phrase by a TV Talent, \"Sonna no Kankei Ne, Hai Oppappi!\"", "This translates to, \"I Don't Give A Damn, Yes Oppappi!\"", "The ringtone was first announced on a Japanese national T.V. program called \"Music Station\" and had over 3,500 downloads that day.", "Cumulative sales of ringtone are over 20,000.", "Andrew's song debuted at No.1 in Label Mobile's International daily ringtone chart.", "Label Mobile is the biggest mobile retailer in Japan.", "In the spring of 2008, Andrew and three partners opened a multi-level nightclub and live concert hall in downtown Manhattan, New York City.", "The venue was named Santos Party House, and featured of dance floor and concert facilities, and over 150 loud-speakers.", "The space was designed for disco dancing and live music.", "It was one of the few new venues in New York City to be granted a liquor license and a cabaret license.", "The cabaret license means people can legally dance until 4 am.", "Santos Party House received numerous awards, including The People's Choice Award for Best Night Club, Best New Club, Best DJ Night (from \"Paper Magazine\"), Best New Dance Floor (from \"The Village Voice\"), and many more.", "In May 2009, Wilkes-Krier and his work with Santos was the subject of an extensive four-page article in \"New York Magazine\".", "In 2010, the Zagat Survey rated Santos Party House the \"Top Dance Club\" in all of New York City.", "Santos Party House's last night of operation was May 29, 2016.", "On April 28, 2015, W.K. announced a new radio show called \"America W.K.\" on TheBlaze Radio Network, the new show will be a two-hour Saturday program focusing on \"what it is to be alive—meaning, motivation, mind set, and making dreams come true, all included in a celebration of life itself—and all with a positive and honest outlook\".", "In November 2004, W.K.'s official website was hacked with threats of blackmail from someone who claimed to have co-created Andrew W.K.'s persona, and demanded to be included in the production of the third album, claiming to be \"Steev Mike\".", "W.K. responded stating, \"Please don't believe Steev Mike.", "I used to call myself Steev Mike a long time ago and it's nothing now.", "Someone is trying to confuse you and make me look bad.", "\"\nIn subsequent years, W.K. denied various theories accusing him of being a fake entity, declaring himself to be \"a real person who thinks for himself\" and \"not the victim of anyone or group of people trying to influence my career or life\".", "He clarified that \"the nature of how we presented my initial offerings caused some confusion, even though I tried to make it as straightforward as possible...", "Different people I've worked with and different parts of my back story have gotten twisted and changed.", "But I made the music on my albums – I had a lot of help from incredible people, but not the kind of help that some people think.", "\"\nIn September 2009, W.K. acknowledged legal disputes around his name: \"At the end of 2004, an old friend of mine got in some business trouble and basically decided to take it out on me... they were able to turn my life and career upside down.", "I wasn't allowed to use my own name within certain areas...", "This made my life complicated and intense for a few years, but I kept working and doing whatever I could to keep moving forward.", "\"", "W.K. is known for his long hair and wearing a usually dirty all white outfit, consisting of a white t-shirt, white jeans, black digital watch and sneakers.", "The album artwork for \"I Get Wet\" featured a photo of Andrew with a bloody nose and this image is used frequently in his merchandise and persona.", "W.K. has six tattoos, all of which are straight lines on his arms.", "In 2011, Kesha gave Andrew a line tattoo with a pen and a safety pin that resulted in an infection.", "Andrew W.K. previously lived in Midtown Manhattan but left in 2006 or 2007, \"bouncing between short-term situations\" in other locations outside New York.", "He married Cherie Lily on October 4, 2008, in a traditional Persian wedding ceremony at Santos Party House, a nightclub in Chinatown that W.K. co", "-", "owned.", "They met through their mutual heavy-metal voice instructor, and Lily performed with W.K.'s band as a vocalist and hypewoman from 2006 until 2018.", "W.K. has two children but keeps them out of the public eye.", "In May 2021, W.K. announced via a press release that he and his ex-wife Cherie had begun amicable divorce proceedings in late 2019.", "He also confirmed that he was dating actress Kat Dennings, after the two met in Los Angeles in early 2021.", "A week later, on May 13, 2021, the couple announced their engagement on Instagram.", "<onlyinclude>\n</onlyinclude>" ]

[ 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]

[ "He performed in a number of local bands before eventually moving to New York, where he produced his first recordings under the Andrew W.K. moniker." ]

[ "Andrew Wilkes-Krier was born in Stanford, California, and grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan.", "His father is Professor James E. Krier, a legal scholar at the University of Michigan Law School and co-author of the widely used Dukeminier & Krier Property casebook.", "His mother is Wendy Wilkes.", "His younger brother, Patrick, was a golf pro and is now a golf coach in Michigan.", "At the age of 4, Wilkes-Krier began learning piano at the University of Michigan School of Music.", "He has recalled early family trips to Midnight Mass as having had an enormous impact on his love for music.", "He was dubbed Andrew W.K. by an elementary school teacher to differentiate him from his classmates Andrew Cohen and Andrew Gilchrist.", "He later attended the private college preparatory Greenhills School for middle school before attending the alternative Community High School from 1993 to 1997, where he continued to study piano and keyboard.", "In 1993, at the age of 14, he joined the band Slam, later to be called Reverse Polarity.", "In 1996, a song recorded by W.K. entitled \"Mr. Surprise\" was included on \"Plant the Flower Seeds\", a compilation by the Ypsilanti, Michigan-based record label Westside Audio Laboratories, marking his first publicly-released recording.", "Over the next five years, W.K. would play in a number of Detroit-based punk rock and heavy metal bands, including The Pterodactyls; Lab Lobotomy; Music Band; Mr. Velocity Hopkins; playing drums in grindcore metal band, Kathode; in addition to forming the noise rock project Ancient Art of Boar, later known as AAB, which served as an outlet for his early solo material.", "In 1998, W.K. moved from Michigan to New York City, where he worked as a bubblegum machine salesman, an opera ticket salesman, a fashion photographer, a window decorator at the Bergdorf Goodman department store, a milkshake maker and waiter for a Mexican restaurant and in the offices of avant-garde fashion company Comme des Garçons, among other short-lived jobs.", "He ended the AAB project and began recording new solo material under his full \"Andrew Wilkes-Krier\" name; the year saw the release of a cassette-only single entitled \"Room to Breathe\" on Hanson Records.", "A follow-up release entitled \"You Are What You Eat\" was scrapped when the master recordings went missing.", "W.K. also recorded the soundtrack for an independent film named \"Poltergeist\" made by Aaron Dilloway and himself, one track of which appeared on the Hanson Records compilation \"Labyrinths & Jokes\".", "In 1999, he moved to Seffner, Florida, to start building his live band with drummer Donald \"D.T.\" Tardy, of death metal band Obituary.", "In March 2000, Wilkes-Krier released his first EP, \"Girls Own Juice\", also abbreviated as \"AWKGOJ\", on Bulb Records, his first solo release under the moniker Andrew W.K. (he had first been credited as \"Andrew W.K.\" on a remix entitled \"Wolf Eyes Rules (What Kinda Band?)\" for the noise rock band Wolf Eyes).", "\"Girls Own Juice\" introduced his hard rock-influenced musical style and experimental tendencies, described as \"Judas Priest mixed with Sparks\" by Magas, a collaborator of W.K.'s.", "The release increased buzz for W.K., centered around his \"hedonistic, so-dumb-it's-smart rawk.\"", "He continued to build his reputation by performing various solo gigs in the New York and other East Coast areas.", "Wilkes-Krier and his then manager Matt Sweeney later shipped out a number of Andrew W.K. demo tapes, each accompanied by a handwritten letter.", "One tape reached alternative rock musician Dave Grohl; impressed, Grohl offered Andrew W.K. a slot opening for his band Foo Fighters at a concert in San Francisco, which he accepted.", "Another tape reached The Island Def Jam Music Group executive Lewis Largent, who liked the demos enough to attend an Andrew W.K. gig at the Mercury Lounge, where Largent was impressed by how W.K. \"won over every last person in the audience.\"", "Wilkes-Krier reacted with surprise to Island's interest in him, and despite his manager urging him not to accept his very first offer, W.K. was eager to begin work with Island.", "\"Girls Own Juice\" was followed by another Bulb Records EP entitled \"Party Til You Puke\" in October 2000.", "Following the release of \"Party Til You Puke\", Andrew W.K. left Bulb Records amicably to sign with Island Records.\nW.K.'s major-label debut studio album, \"I Get Wet\", was released on November 13, 2001, on Island Records.", "Continuing the sound established by his previous Bulb Records EPs, \"I Get Wet\" is characterized by its metal and punk rock influences and lyrical content revolving around partying.", "The album is known for its cover art, a photograph by Roe Ethridge of Andrew W.K. with a stream of blood running from his nose onto his chin and neck, which generated minor controversy in Europe after it was seen to represent cocaine abuse; W.K. reportedly achieved the effect by striking himself in the face with a brick during the photo shoot, and subsequently supplementing his own blood with some of an animal obtained from a butcher's shop.", "\"I Get Wet\" earned positive press from publications such as \"NME\" and \"Kerrang!\" and featured two UK hit singles, \"Party Hard\" and \"She Is Beautiful\", also rising to the top spot on \"Billboard\"s Top Heatseekers albums chart.", "At the same time, W.K. also developed a reputation for his highly energetic live shows.", "Andrew W.K. joined Ozzy Osbourne's Ozzfest that summer, and a number of \"I Get Wet\"s tracks, such as \"Party Hard\", \"It's Time to Party\", and \"Fun Night\" were licensed for use in various video games, films, TV series, and commercials.", "In 2002, W.K., Gibson Goodness and Alec Rominger re-recorded his song \"We Want Fun\" from \"AWKGOJ\" for the soundtrack of \"Jackass: The Movie\"; an accompanying music video was also produced, filmed and directed by Jeff Tremaine with additional camera work by Spike Jonze.", "By September 2018, the album had sold 267,000 copies in the US.", "In late 2003, W.K. released his second studio album \"The Wolf\".", "In contrast to \"I Get Wet\", which was recorded by W.K. with his live band, \"The Wolf\" featured W.K. playing all instruments, with heavy use of overdubbing of these instrument sections in production.", "The album spawned the singles \"Tear It Up\" and \"Never Let Down\" in the United States, while the song \"Long Live the Party\" was a minor hit in Japan.", "The single \"Tear It Up\" was included as menu music in the video-game Nascar Thunder TM 2004.", "Despite earning Andrew W.K.'s highest chart position ever at #61 on the Billboard 200, it fell off after only a week, and three months after its release the album had only sold 36,098 copies.", "On tour for \"The Wolf\", W.K. was injured on stage and broke his foot.", "After the concert, he signed autographs from the ambulance.", "Not wanting to let his fans down, he performed the remainder of the tour in a wheelchair.", "Though \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\" failed to see wide release in 2006, W.K. continued to be active, releasing a live concert DVD entitled \"Who Knows?\"", "in February that year and presenting five screenings of the film in New York and Hollywood.", "In March 2006, during an episode of Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones' radio show \"Jonesy's Jukebox\", W.K. debuted a new song entitled \"I'm a Vagabond\".", "On November 26, 2008, under Universal Music Group, he released his fourth studio album, \"The Japan Covers\", which consists of cover versions of J-pop songs, as well as a compilation entitled \"The Very Best", "So Far\".", "In February 2009, Wilkes-Krier claimed to have found a loophole in his contractual constraints allowing him to form his own record label, Skyscraper Music Maker, based in London and Manhattan.", "The label released \"DAMN!", "The Mixtape Vol. 1\" on May 25, 2009, a compilation of W.K.'s production work for Skyscraper Music Maker artists Bad Brilliance, Aleister X, and Cherie Lily, with music by New York producer, DJ B-Roc.", "Wilkes-Krier's fifth studio album \"55 Cadillac\" served as the label's second release.", "Recorded entirely by Wilkes-Krier and consisting of his spontaneous solo piano improvisations, the album was released on September 7, 2009.", "In a piece written to accompany the release of the album, he explained that the last decade had \"been so fraught with legal trouble\" that he began to suffer hallucinations, which inspired him to produce the album, and that successful negotiations had allowed him to start a new label and release \"55 Cadillac\", which he described as \"the sound of a piano being played by a free man – nothing more, nothing less.\"", "New negotiations were undertaken over the UK release of \"55 Cadillac\", as \"certain people [who] weren't credited because they weren't involved with the recording... had to be given credit,\" owing to previous contracts.", "Wilkes-Krier and his management settled by renaming Skyscraper Music Maker as Steev Mike, which the parties involved saw as a reasonable compromise.", "All prior complaints were dropped and Wilkes-Krier was then allowed to release the album worldwide.", "On September 9, Andrew W.K. released a Japan-only album entitled \"Gundam Rock\", consisting of covered music from the Gundam anime television series to celebrate its 30th anniversary in Japan; he had been approached by Japanese animation studio Sunrise Inc. to record the album following the success of \"The Japan Covers\".", "With all prior legal disputes over credit and naming settled, in March 2010 Andrew W.K. and the newly named Steev Mike label presented its first official release: a repackaged two-disc version of \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\" with a bonus disc of rare and unreleased material entitled \"Mother of Mankind\".", "To promote the set, Andrew W.K. joined the 2010 Warped Tour as a headlining act for the entire tour.", "A music video for the single \"I Want to See You Go Wild\" from \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\", directed by Peter Glantz, was released in June 2010.", "In March 2011, Andrew W.K. released a new EP entitled \"The \"Party All Goddamn Night\" EP\", which consists of five new tracks and two previously released singles.", "In September 2012, while attending a fan convention for \"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\", he expressed the possibility of recording a new album.", "In a Reddit \"Ask Me Anything\" thread in October 2014, Wilkes-Krier stated that while his other career ventures had kept him from releasing a new studio album, he was eager to record one: \"I've been stock-piling new songs for several years.", "I really want to make a new album as soon as possible.", "\"\nIn September 2017, W.K. announced that a new studio album would be set for release on March 2, 2018, via Sony Music.", "In November, he announced its title, \"You're Not Alone\", and shared its cover artwork.", "The album was released on March 2, 2018.", "In August 2018 he revealed to \"Riff Magazine\" that he had begun recording his next album.", "In October 2020, Andrew W.K. signed with Napalm Records and announced that he was working on a new album.", "The lead single \"Babalon\" was released on February 17, 2021.", "\"Babalon\" was announced via a Napalm Records press release and made available for limited pre-order on the Napalm Records and Andrew W.K. stores as a 7\" vinyl with the instrumental B-Side \"The Party Gods\".", "The release, limited to 393 copies, marked a departure from Andrew W.K.'s traditionally positive and uplifting themes, and features \"swinging drums and a sinister guitar riff open[ing] the track's hellish gates.", "\"\nOn May 6, 2021, Andrew W.K. announced that his sixth studio album, \"God Is Partying\", was to be released on September 10, 2021.", "Co-produced by long-time recording partner Ted Young, the nine-track album features W.K. performing all instruments.", "The announcement was accompanied by the release of a new single, \"I'm in Heaven\".", "On July 14, 2021, the video for \"Everybody Sins\" was released and features an appearance by Kat Dennings.", "In September 2021, the album \"God Is Partying\" was released alongside the single \"Stay True To Your Heart\".", "Shortly after the release of the album, W.K. delayed upcoming shows and deleted his website and social media pages with no explanation, his label also remaining quiet on what was happening.", "In 2005, Andrew announced that he would begin performing as a self-help, new age motivational speaker.", "He accepted invitations to speak at Yale University, New York University, the University of Wisconsin, Carnegie Mellon University, the Cooper Union, Missouri Western State University, and Northeastern University.", "During 2007, Andrew performed a series of unpredictable happenings as part of his \"One Man Show\" tour.", "Each event began with Andrew improvising on the piano alone on a stage before they frequently evolved into giant parties, with most of the audience dancing on stage with Andrew, themselves playing the piano and singing the lyrics.", "In March 2007, \"The New York Times\" put Andrew on the front page of its Arts section, in a feature article on Andrew's lectures.", "In 2008, Andrew's self-help work led to his second appearance as a sit-down guest on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".", "In November 2008, \"Time\" magazine called him \"truly cute.\"\nIn June 2012, W.K. announced that he would be appearing at the \"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\" fan convention Canterlot Gardens.", "His appearance was announced as a motivational seminar on \"How to Party like Pinkie Pie\", based on one of the show's lead characters, Pinkie Pie.", "The appearance was featured in \"Rolling Stone\", and was co-hosted by musician and personality Klisk Midori.", "In June 2014, Andrew was announced to speak as a guest lecturer at the Oxford Union.", "W.K.'s keynote, titled \"Andrew W.K. and The Philosophy of Partying\", discussed his signature message of positive power and celebratory self-confidence.", "Regarding the lecture, Oxford's Nick Fowler said: \"In my opinion, Andrew is one of Rock N' Roll's great philosophers.\"", "And the Oxford University Rock Society offered their own statement: \"We've seen rock stars, we've seen brilliant public speakers, but rarely are they the same person, and rarely do they have as intriguing and broad a background as Andrew W.K.\"\nIn September 2014, Andrew gave a lecture on his philosophy of partying at Baltimore School for the Arts as part of The Contemporary museum's speaker series called \"CoHosts.\"", "In the same month, he also brought his Village Voice advice column, \"Ask Andrew W.K.,\" to life in an intimate setting at New York City nightclub, Santos Party House.", "In July 2016, Andrew announced \"The Power of Partying\" tour, his first nationwide speaking tour, spanning the entire country with stops in all 50 U.S. states.", "Each evening will be an intimate celebration of discussion, a pep rally for the inner spirit, and an optimistic look at the overwhelming intensity of life.", "The tour sees Andrew continuing his eternal mission to defend and promote human joy, and the never-ending collective search to find truth through partying.", "In February 2018, Andrew was named the Person of the Year by the American Association Of Suicidology.", "The AAS stated, \"The inaugural Person of the Year Award will be presented to Andrew W.K. due to his consistent and powerful use of positivity to improve the lives of those who hear his music.", "\"", "Andrew wrote a monthly column in FRONT Magazine in the UK.", "Andrew also wrote a monthly advice column in the Japanese magazine \"Rockin' On\", which ran for 10 years – from 2002 until 2012 – and resulted in a book of all the advice columns compiled, called \"I Will Change Your Life.\"\nIn September 2013, Andrew announced that his first book about partying, \"The Party Bible,\" will be published by Simon & Schuster.", "The announcement, first broken on The A.V. Club, is accompanied by a video of the \"Party Hard\" rock icon's physical and mental preparation for the literary task.", "In January 2014, The Village Voice announced a new weekly advice column from Andrew called \"Ask Andrew W.K.\"", "The column appeared in the print edition of the paper, as well as Village Voice online.", "On September 28, 2016, Vice Media announced a new weekly column from Andrew W.K. and published his first piece titled \"Andrew W.K. on Pressure.\"", "The column appeared on the Vice website with Andrew writing about a singular topic each week.", "Outside of his solo work, Andrew also performed with and produced music for the avant-garde ensemble To Live and Shave in L.A.", "He first appeared on the band's 2004 release \"God and Country Rally!\"", "He co-produced their 2006 studio album \"Noon and Eternity\", and appears on the group's other 2006 release, the \"chronological remix\" project \"Horoscopo: Sanatorio de Molière\".", "In late 2006, Andrew re-worked his song \"Fun Night\" into a theme song for the Arizona Sundogs, a hockey team.", "The song was titled \"Sundogs (It Just Got Hotter)\".", "The song \"Fun Night\" also appeared in the film \"Old School\" during one of the party scenes.", "Andrew was also a judge for the 5th and 10th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.", "On July 7, 2007, at 7:07 pm, Andrew appeared as one of the 77 drummers in the 77 Boadrum concert held at the Empire-Fulton Ferry State Park in Brooklyn, New York which was organized by Japanese noise rock group Boredoms.", "In September 2007 Andrew's piano playing was featured on a jazz fusion CD release \"électricité\" with Mike Pachelli on guitar, Rich Russo on drums, and Dennis Harding on bass for Los Angeles-based Fullblast Recordings (2007).", "Andrew has also performed and recorded electric bass guitar for the artist Baby Dee, whom he met while playing live as the bassist of Current 93.", "Andrew played bass and drums on Dee's \"Safe Inside the Day\" album, and performed with her group at a 2008 show Manhattan.", "He also produced and mixed Dee's 2011 album, \"Regifted Light\".", "Andrew has performed bass guitar with Current 93 at the Donau Festival in Krems, Austria in April 2007, the UK All Tomorrow's Parties festival in May 2007, and their European tour in April 2008.", "On Friday, December 5, 2008, an Andrew W.K. fan named Dominic Owen Mallary died after an accident while his band Last Lights performed at Boston University.", "Dominic had always said that he wanted to have Andrew W.K. play during his funeral.", "After several friends of Dominic emailed him, Andrew came to the wake, and played classical piano for the entire time after paying his respects.", "Andrew formed the group The Brill Sisters with guitarist Matt Sweeney and producer Don Fleming.", "They played their first show (without Fleming) at Santos Party House on April 2, 2009.", "The entire group performed together on April 21, 2009.", "Andrew has collaborated with Canada's Nardwuar the Human Serviette and his band The Evaporators to record the split 7-inch A Wild Pear, released in 2009.", "They worked together again on a pair of tracks for The Evaporators' 2012 album Busy Doing Nothing.", "In 2012, it was believed that the United States State Department had named W.K. the U.S. Cultural Ambassador to Bahrain.", "In reality, he had been merely asked to speak at the Embassy as part of a cultural speakers program, an invitation which, upon further reflection, was repealed \"because it did not meet the standards of the State Department.\"", "Andrew set a world record for Longest Drum Session in a Retail Store at the MTV O Music Awards on Thursday, June 20, 2013, after drumming non-stop for 24 hours.", "On Thursday, June 12, 2014, Andrew co-hosted the Relentless Kerrang!", "Awards alongside Scott Ian of Anthrax.", "The event was held at East London's Troxy.", "Andrew also made an appearance as himself in the Cyanide and Happiness show.", "Most recently, he appeared as a fictional version of himself, \"Intern Andrew W.K.,\" in a live show for Welcome to Night Vale, entitled \"The Librarian\".", "Andrew is featured on \"Nekrogoblikon's\" album titled \"Heavy Meta\" released on June 2, 2015.", "Andrew appeared on Ken Reid's \"TV Guidance Counselor\" podcast on December 11, 2015.", "Andrew played the role of the character known as \"Redeye\" in the game \"Fallout 4\" in the Nuka-World DLC.", "Andrew has made multiple appearances on MTV, MTV2, and VH1, hosting shows such as \"The Most Outrageous Frontmen\", with Johnny Knoxville and \"Backstage Pass\" at the Warped Tour.", "Andrew was the focus of a televised live performance at Cleveland's Rock 'N' Roll Hall of Fame, broadcast on MTV.", "He's also made appearances on the shows, \"I Love The 90's\", \"I Love The New Millennium\", \"Black to the Future\", \"I Love The Holidays\", \"The Great Debate\", \"Best Week Ever\" and \"The Osbournes\".", "Andrew was also featured on a popular MTV show called \"Crashing With Andrew W.K.\", which documented Andrew's visit to a girl's dorm at North Carolina Central University.", "In 2004, Andrew had a television show on MTV2 titled \"Your Friend, Andrew W.K.\".", "In the series, fans would write letters to Andrew, asking for his help.", "Andrew would pick certain letters and go to visit them.", "The series lasted for 11 episodes, each about 9 or 10 minutes in length.", "During the filming of the show, Andrew was in a car crash but sustained no serious injuries.", "Andrew has performed on TV shows such as \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", \"Last Call with Carson Daly\", \"Saturday Night Live\", and the \"Spike TV Video Game Awards\".", "His most recent performance was with Bonnie 'Prince' Billy on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".", "He had a cameo in the show \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force\", singing \"Party Party Party\", a song that combines elements of multiple previous Andrew W.K. songs.", "The song was released on \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters the Soundtrack\".", "Andrew's only confirmed movie role is in \"Punk Rock Holocaust\", playing himself.", "Andrew was also featured on the finale of the third season of \"Kathy Griffin:", "My Life on the D-List\" as Kathy's date in New York.", "The two attended one of Andrew's performance art shows.", "\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" has twice featured Andrew as a sit-down interview guest—the first in 2003 to speak about the \"Your Friend, Andrew W.K.\" show, and then again in 2007, to speak about his motivational performance tours.", "Andrew was a frequent guest on the Fox News late-night program, \"Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld\".", "Andrew has also been a featured interviewer and guest on \"The Daily Show\".", "In 2011, he appeared in A Day to Remember's video for \"All I Want.\"", "Andrew also appears on the vocal-instructional DVD \"The Zen of Screaming\".", "Cartoon Network also used Andrew W.K. in a music video about the network's new live-action shows.", "The song and video, \"Hearing What I Say\" (adapted from Andrew's 2006 song, \"Not Going to Bed\") aired extensively on Cartoon Network and was available on YouTube.", "Later the clip was replaced by another bumper.", "In 2011, Andrew was part of a pyrotechnic stunt with motocross superstar Robbie Maddison performing a backflip on his motorcycle while Andrew presented the event for Cartoon Network's Hall of Game Awards.", "Andrew presented Cartoon Network's live-action show Destroy Build Destroy.", "Andrew had a cameo on Cartoon Network's \"Mad\", in the episode \"Kung Fu Blander / Destroy Bob the Builder Destroy,\" which spoofed only \"Bob the Builder\" In 2014, Andrew appeared on Fuse TV's \"Insane Clown Posse Theater\" with Insane Clown Posse.", "Andrew also starred in \"Lil BUB's Special Special\" on Animal Planet alongside Lil Bub herself and Amy Sedaris.", "The TV special premiered on Saturday, February 8 at 9:00 pm right after the \"Too Cute\" show.", "Andrew's trip to a safari park is the subject of the documentary film, \"Party Safari\" (2014), by Nik Box & Chris Hines.", "In August 2014, Andrew hosted his own show on Kerrang!", "TV called \"Andrew W.K.'s Party Hard 100\" in which he counted down some of the most party videos on Earth.", "Andrew also guest co-hosted six episodes of Pivot's \"TakePart Live\" alongside Meghan McCain and Jacob Soboroff.", "Andrew appeared as a guest on \"The SDR Show\" with Ralph Sutton and Big Jay Oakerson.", "He has also made a comeback to Cartoon Network in late March on Pete Browngart's animated series \"Uncle Grandpa\" as himself hosting a party alongside Pizza Steve and Mr. Gus in the episode, \"Shower Party.\"", "In addition to producing his own music on the albums \"I Get Wet\", \"The Wolf\", \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\", and \"You're Not Alone\", Andrew has produced and mixed music for other artists as well as working on special commercial music projects.", "These include the production of music exclusively for commercial use on television and radio.", "In 2008, Andrew gained new notoriety for recording a song called \"The McLaughlin Groove\", based on an exchange between Pat Buchanan and John McLaughlin on the political television show \"The McLaughlin Group\".", "The song was commissioned by the Public Radio International show \"Fair Game\", on which Andrew has appeared for interviews.", "In 2004, Andrew recorded a television jingle for Kit Kat candy bars, and rewrote their trademark \"Give Me A Break\" slogan into a new song.", "The recording appeared in a variety of 30-second, 45-second, and 1 minute commercials, broadcast on television worldwide.", "\"I avoided working with other people for many years, partly out of paranoia, and partly out of an earnest desire to stand on my own.", "After a while, I got tired of thinking that way, and it just seemed natural to do the opposite of what I had done before.", "I like making music with other people.", "I can still make music by myself too.\".", "Andrew's earliest external production work was with the group Wolf Eyes, on their now out-of-print 12-inch EP \"Fortune Dove\".", "The last track on that album, \"What Kind of Band?\" features Andrew W.K. on vocals explaining why he enjoys listening to Wolf Eyes.", "Since then, he's chosen to work on a select and seemingly random set of projects, beginning with production and mixing on the album, \"Through The Panama\", by Brooklyn, NY based three-piece art rock band, Sightings.", "The album was jointly released by Load Records and Thurston Moore's Ecstatic Peace! label in October 2007.", "At the end of 2007, Andrew accepted an invitation to produce a new album, \"Repentance\", for veteran reggae artist Lee \"Scratch\" Perry.", "The two had met when Andrew interviewed Perry for DirecTV.", "\"Repentance\" was nominated for \"Best Reggae Album\" in the 2009 Grammy Awards.", "On February 20, 2008, Andrew released an exclusive ringtone commissioned by Universal Music Japan for the Japanese mobile phone market.", "The song is called, \"Sonna no Kankei Ne Rock\", which celebrates a then popular catch-phrase by a TV Talent, \"Sonna no Kankei Ne, Hai Oppappi!\"", "This translates to, \"I Don't Give A Damn, Yes Oppappi!\"", "The ringtone was first announced on a Japanese national T.V. program called \"Music Station\" and had over 3,500 downloads that day.", "Cumulative sales of ringtone are over 20,000.", "Andrew's song debuted at No.1 in Label Mobile's International daily ringtone chart.", "Label Mobile is the biggest mobile retailer in Japan.", "In the spring of 2008, Andrew and three partners opened a multi-level nightclub and live concert hall in downtown Manhattan, New York City.", "The venue was named Santos Party House, and featured of dance floor and concert facilities, and over 150 loud-speakers.", "The space was designed for disco dancing and live music.", "It was one of the few new venues in New York City to be granted a liquor license and a cabaret license.", "The cabaret license means people can legally dance until 4 am.", "Santos Party House received numerous awards, including The People's Choice Award for Best Night Club, Best New Club, Best DJ Night (from \"Paper Magazine\"), Best New Dance Floor (from \"The Village Voice\"), and many more.", "In May 2009, Wilkes-Krier and his work with Santos was the subject of an extensive four-page article in \"New York Magazine\".", "In 2010, the Zagat Survey rated Santos Party House the \"Top Dance Club\" in all of New York City.", "Santos Party House's last night of operation was May 29, 2016.", "On April 28, 2015, W.K. announced a new radio show called \"America W.K.\" on TheBlaze Radio Network, the new show will be a two-hour Saturday program focusing on \"what it is to be alive—meaning, motivation, mind set, and making dreams come true, all included in a celebration of life itself—and all with a positive and honest outlook\".", "In November 2004, W.K.'s official website was hacked with threats of blackmail from someone who claimed to have co-created Andrew W.K.'s persona, and demanded to be included in the production of the third album, claiming to be \"Steev Mike\".", "W.K. responded stating, \"Please don't believe Steev Mike.", "I used to call myself Steev Mike a long time ago and it's nothing now.", "Someone is trying to confuse you and make me look bad.", "\"\nIn subsequent years, W.K. denied various theories accusing him of being a fake entity, declaring himself to be \"a real person who thinks for himself\" and \"not the victim of anyone or group of people trying to influence my career or life\".", "He clarified that \"the nature of how we presented my initial offerings caused some confusion, even though I tried to make it as straightforward as possible...", "Different people I've worked with and different parts of my back story have gotten twisted and changed.", "But I made the music on my albums – I had a lot of help from incredible people, but not the kind of help that some people think.", "\"\nIn September 2009, W.K. acknowledged legal disputes around his name: \"At the end of 2004, an old friend of mine got in some business trouble and basically decided to take it out on me... they were able to turn my life and career upside down.", "I wasn't allowed to use my own name within certain areas...", "This made my life complicated and intense for a few years, but I kept working and doing whatever I could to keep moving forward.", "\"", "W.K. is known for his long hair and wearing a usually dirty all white outfit, consisting of a white t-shirt, white jeans, black digital watch and sneakers.", "The album artwork for \"I Get Wet\" featured a photo of Andrew with a bloody nose and this image is used frequently in his merchandise and persona.", "W.K. has six tattoos, all of which are straight lines on his arms.", "In 2011, Kesha gave Andrew a line tattoo with a pen and a safety pin that resulted in an infection.", "Andrew W.K. previously lived in Midtown Manhattan but left in 2006 or 2007, \"bouncing between short-term situations\" in other locations outside New York.", "He married Cherie Lily on October 4, 2008, in a traditional Persian wedding ceremony at Santos Party House, a nightclub in Chinatown that W.K. co", "-", "owned.", "They met through their mutual heavy-metal voice instructor, and Lily performed with W.K.'s band as a vocalist and hypewoman from 2006 until 2018.", "W.K. has two children but keeps them out of the public eye.", "In May 2021, W.K. announced via a press release that he and his ex-wife Cherie had begun amicable divorce proceedings in late 2019.", "He also confirmed that he was dating actress Kat Dennings, after the two met in Los Angeles in early 2021.", "A week later, on May 13, 2021, the couple announced their engagement on Instagram.", "<onlyinclude>\n</onlyinclude>" ]

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[ "After gaining initial attention with the 2000 EP \"Girls Own Juice\", Wilkes-Krier rose to prominence with the release of his debut studio album \"I Get Wet\" in November 2001." ]

[ "Andrew Wilkes-Krier was born in Stanford, California, and grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan.", "His father is Professor James E. Krier, a legal scholar at the University of Michigan Law School and co-author of the widely used Dukeminier & Krier Property casebook.", "His mother is Wendy Wilkes.", "His younger brother, Patrick, was a golf pro and is now a golf coach in Michigan.", "At the age of 4, Wilkes-Krier began learning piano at the University of Michigan School of Music.", "He has recalled early family trips to Midnight Mass as having had an enormous impact on his love for music.", "He was dubbed Andrew W.K. by an elementary school teacher to differentiate him from his classmates Andrew Cohen and Andrew Gilchrist.", "He later attended the private college preparatory Greenhills School for middle school before attending the alternative Community High School from 1993 to 1997, where he continued to study piano and keyboard.", "In 1993, at the age of 14, he joined the band Slam, later to be called Reverse Polarity.", "In 1996, a song recorded by W.K. entitled \"Mr. Surprise\" was included on \"Plant the Flower Seeds\", a compilation by the Ypsilanti, Michigan-based record label Westside Audio Laboratories, marking his first publicly-released recording.", "Over the next five years, W.K. would play in a number of Detroit-based punk rock and heavy metal bands, including The Pterodactyls; Lab Lobotomy; Music Band; Mr. Velocity Hopkins; playing drums in grindcore metal band, Kathode; in addition to forming the noise rock project Ancient Art of Boar, later known as AAB, which served as an outlet for his early solo material.", "In 1998, W.K. moved from Michigan to New York City, where he worked as a bubblegum machine salesman, an opera ticket salesman, a fashion photographer, a window decorator at the Bergdorf Goodman department store, a milkshake maker and waiter for a Mexican restaurant and in the offices of avant-garde fashion company Comme des Garçons, among other short-lived jobs.", "He ended the AAB project and began recording new solo material under his full \"Andrew Wilkes-Krier\" name; the year saw the release of a cassette-only single entitled \"Room to Breathe\" on Hanson Records.", "A follow-up release entitled \"You Are What You Eat\" was scrapped when the master recordings went missing.", "W.K. also recorded the soundtrack for an independent film named \"Poltergeist\" made by Aaron Dilloway and himself, one track of which appeared on the Hanson Records compilation \"Labyrinths & Jokes\".", "In 1999, he moved to Seffner, Florida, to start building his live band with drummer Donald \"D.T.\" Tardy, of death metal band Obituary.", "In March 2000, Wilkes-Krier released his first EP, \"Girls Own Juice\", also abbreviated as \"AWKGOJ\", on Bulb Records, his first solo release under the moniker Andrew W.K. (he had first been credited as \"Andrew W.K.\" on a remix entitled \"Wolf Eyes Rules (What Kinda Band?)\" for the noise rock band Wolf Eyes).", "\"Girls Own Juice\" introduced his hard rock-influenced musical style and experimental tendencies, described as \"Judas Priest mixed with Sparks\" by Magas, a collaborator of W.K.'s.", "The release increased buzz for W.K., centered around his \"hedonistic, so-dumb-it's-smart rawk.\"", "He continued to build his reputation by performing various solo gigs in the New York and other East Coast areas.", "Wilkes-Krier and his then manager Matt Sweeney later shipped out a number of Andrew W.K. demo tapes, each accompanied by a handwritten letter.", "One tape reached alternative rock musician Dave Grohl; impressed, Grohl offered Andrew W.K. a slot opening for his band Foo Fighters at a concert in San Francisco, which he accepted.", "Another tape reached The Island Def Jam Music Group executive Lewis Largent, who liked the demos enough to attend an Andrew W.K. gig at the Mercury Lounge, where Largent was impressed by how W.K. \"won over every last person in the audience.\"", "Wilkes-Krier reacted with surprise to Island's interest in him, and despite his manager urging him not to accept his very first offer, W.K. was eager to begin work with Island.", "\"Girls Own Juice\" was followed by another Bulb Records EP entitled \"Party Til You Puke\" in October 2000.", "Following the release of \"Party Til You Puke\", Andrew W.K. left Bulb Records amicably to sign with Island Records.\nW.K.'s major-label debut studio album, \"I Get Wet\", was released on November 13, 2001, on Island Records.", "Continuing the sound established by his previous Bulb Records EPs, \"I Get Wet\" is characterized by its metal and punk rock influences and lyrical content revolving around partying.", "The album is known for its cover art, a photograph by Roe Ethridge of Andrew W.K. with a stream of blood running from his nose onto his chin and neck, which generated minor controversy in Europe after it was seen to represent cocaine abuse; W.K. reportedly achieved the effect by striking himself in the face with a brick during the photo shoot, and subsequently supplementing his own blood with some of an animal obtained from a butcher's shop.", "\"I Get Wet\" earned positive press from publications such as \"NME\" and \"Kerrang!\" and featured two UK hit singles, \"Party Hard\" and \"She Is Beautiful\", also rising to the top spot on \"Billboard\"s Top Heatseekers albums chart.", "At the same time, W.K. also developed a reputation for his highly energetic live shows.", "Andrew W.K. joined Ozzy Osbourne's Ozzfest that summer, and a number of \"I Get Wet\"s tracks, such as \"Party Hard\", \"It's Time to Party\", and \"Fun Night\" were licensed for use in various video games, films, TV series, and commercials.", "In 2002, W.K., Gibson Goodness and Alec Rominger re-recorded his song \"We Want Fun\" from \"AWKGOJ\" for the soundtrack of \"Jackass: The Movie\"; an accompanying music video was also produced, filmed and directed by Jeff Tremaine with additional camera work by Spike Jonze.", "By September 2018, the album had sold 267,000 copies in the US.", "In late 2003, W.K. released his second studio album \"The Wolf\".", "In contrast to \"I Get Wet\", which was recorded by W.K. with his live band, \"The Wolf\" featured W.K. playing all instruments, with heavy use of overdubbing of these instrument sections in production.", "The album spawned the singles \"Tear It Up\" and \"Never Let Down\" in the United States, while the song \"Long Live the Party\" was a minor hit in Japan.", "The single \"Tear It Up\" was included as menu music in the video-game Nascar Thunder TM 2004.", "Despite earning Andrew W.K.'s highest chart position ever at #61 on the Billboard 200, it fell off after only a week, and three months after its release the album had only sold 36,098 copies.", "On tour for \"The Wolf\", W.K. was injured on stage and broke his foot.", "After the concert, he signed autographs from the ambulance.", "Not wanting to let his fans down, he performed the remainder of the tour in a wheelchair.", "Though \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\" failed to see wide release in 2006, W.K. continued to be active, releasing a live concert DVD entitled \"Who Knows?\"", "in February that year and presenting five screenings of the film in New York and Hollywood.", "In March 2006, during an episode of Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones' radio show \"Jonesy's Jukebox\", W.K. debuted a new song entitled \"I'm a Vagabond\".", "On November 26, 2008, under Universal Music Group, he released his fourth studio album, \"The Japan Covers\", which consists of cover versions of J-pop songs, as well as a compilation entitled \"The Very Best", "So Far\".", "In February 2009, Wilkes-Krier claimed to have found a loophole in his contractual constraints allowing him to form his own record label, Skyscraper Music Maker, based in London and Manhattan.", "The label released \"DAMN!", "The Mixtape Vol. 1\" on May 25, 2009, a compilation of W.K.'s production work for Skyscraper Music Maker artists Bad Brilliance, Aleister X, and Cherie Lily, with music by New York producer, DJ B-Roc.", "Wilkes-Krier's fifth studio album \"55 Cadillac\" served as the label's second release.", "Recorded entirely by Wilkes-Krier and consisting of his spontaneous solo piano improvisations, the album was released on September 7, 2009.", "In a piece written to accompany the release of the album, he explained that the last decade had \"been so fraught with legal trouble\" that he began to suffer hallucinations, which inspired him to produce the album, and that successful negotiations had allowed him to start a new label and release \"55 Cadillac\", which he described as \"the sound of a piano being played by a free man – nothing more, nothing less.\"", "New negotiations were undertaken over the UK release of \"55 Cadillac\", as \"certain people [who] weren't credited because they weren't involved with the recording... had to be given credit,\" owing to previous contracts.", "Wilkes-Krier and his management settled by renaming Skyscraper Music Maker as Steev Mike, which the parties involved saw as a reasonable compromise.", "All prior complaints were dropped and Wilkes-Krier was then allowed to release the album worldwide.", "On September 9, Andrew W.K. released a Japan-only album entitled \"Gundam Rock\", consisting of covered music from the Gundam anime television series to celebrate its 30th anniversary in Japan; he had been approached by Japanese animation studio Sunrise Inc. to record the album following the success of \"The Japan Covers\".", "With all prior legal disputes over credit and naming settled, in March 2010 Andrew W.K. and the newly named Steev Mike label presented its first official release: a repackaged two-disc version of \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\" with a bonus disc of rare and unreleased material entitled \"Mother of Mankind\".", "To promote the set, Andrew W.K. joined the 2010 Warped Tour as a headlining act for the entire tour.", "A music video for the single \"I Want to See You Go Wild\" from \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\", directed by Peter Glantz, was released in June 2010.", "In March 2011, Andrew W.K. released a new EP entitled \"The \"Party All Goddamn Night\" EP\", which consists of five new tracks and two previously released singles.", "In September 2012, while attending a fan convention for \"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\", he expressed the possibility of recording a new album.", "In a Reddit \"Ask Me Anything\" thread in October 2014, Wilkes-Krier stated that while his other career ventures had kept him from releasing a new studio album, he was eager to record one: \"I've been stock-piling new songs for several years.", "I really want to make a new album as soon as possible.", "\"\nIn September 2017, W.K. announced that a new studio album would be set for release on March 2, 2018, via Sony Music.", "In November, he announced its title, \"You're Not Alone\", and shared its cover artwork.", "The album was released on March 2, 2018.", "In August 2018 he revealed to \"Riff Magazine\" that he had begun recording his next album.", "In October 2020, Andrew W.K. signed with Napalm Records and announced that he was working on a new album.", "The lead single \"Babalon\" was released on February 17, 2021.", "\"Babalon\" was announced via a Napalm Records press release and made available for limited pre-order on the Napalm Records and Andrew W.K. stores as a 7\" vinyl with the instrumental B-Side \"The Party Gods\".", "The release, limited to 393 copies, marked a departure from Andrew W.K.'s traditionally positive and uplifting themes, and features \"swinging drums and a sinister guitar riff open[ing] the track's hellish gates.", "\"\nOn May 6, 2021, Andrew W.K. announced that his sixth studio album, \"God Is Partying\", was to be released on September 10, 2021.", "Co-produced by long-time recording partner Ted Young, the nine-track album features W.K. performing all instruments.", "The announcement was accompanied by the release of a new single, \"I'm in Heaven\".", "On July 14, 2021, the video for \"Everybody Sins\" was released and features an appearance by Kat Dennings.", "In September 2021, the album \"God Is Partying\" was released alongside the single \"Stay True To Your Heart\".", "Shortly after the release of the album, W.K. delayed upcoming shows and deleted his website and social media pages with no explanation, his label also remaining quiet on what was happening.", "In 2005, Andrew announced that he would begin performing as a self-help, new age motivational speaker.", "He accepted invitations to speak at Yale University, New York University, the University of Wisconsin, Carnegie Mellon University, the Cooper Union, Missouri Western State University, and Northeastern University.", "During 2007, Andrew performed a series of unpredictable happenings as part of his \"One Man Show\" tour.", "Each event began with Andrew improvising on the piano alone on a stage before they frequently evolved into giant parties, with most of the audience dancing on stage with Andrew, themselves playing the piano and singing the lyrics.", "In March 2007, \"The New York Times\" put Andrew on the front page of its Arts section, in a feature article on Andrew's lectures.", "In 2008, Andrew's self-help work led to his second appearance as a sit-down guest on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".", "In November 2008, \"Time\" magazine called him \"truly cute.\"\nIn June 2012, W.K. announced that he would be appearing at the \"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\" fan convention Canterlot Gardens.", "His appearance was announced as a motivational seminar on \"How to Party like Pinkie Pie\", based on one of the show's lead characters, Pinkie Pie.", "The appearance was featured in \"Rolling Stone\", and was co-hosted by musician and personality Klisk Midori.", "In June 2014, Andrew was announced to speak as a guest lecturer at the Oxford Union.", "W.K.'s keynote, titled \"Andrew W.K. and The Philosophy of Partying\", discussed his signature message of positive power and celebratory self-confidence.", "Regarding the lecture, Oxford's Nick Fowler said: \"In my opinion, Andrew is one of Rock N' Roll's great philosophers.\"", "And the Oxford University Rock Society offered their own statement: \"We've seen rock stars, we've seen brilliant public speakers, but rarely are they the same person, and rarely do they have as intriguing and broad a background as Andrew W.K.\"\nIn September 2014, Andrew gave a lecture on his philosophy of partying at Baltimore School for the Arts as part of The Contemporary museum's speaker series called \"CoHosts.\"", "In the same month, he also brought his Village Voice advice column, \"Ask Andrew W.K.,\" to life in an intimate setting at New York City nightclub, Santos Party House.", "In July 2016, Andrew announced \"The Power of Partying\" tour, his first nationwide speaking tour, spanning the entire country with stops in all 50 U.S. states.", "Each evening will be an intimate celebration of discussion, a pep rally for the inner spirit, and an optimistic look at the overwhelming intensity of life.", "The tour sees Andrew continuing his eternal mission to defend and promote human joy, and the never-ending collective search to find truth through partying.", "In February 2018, Andrew was named the Person of the Year by the American Association Of Suicidology.", "The AAS stated, \"The inaugural Person of the Year Award will be presented to Andrew W.K. due to his consistent and powerful use of positivity to improve the lives of those who hear his music.", "\"", "Andrew wrote a monthly column in FRONT Magazine in the UK.", "Andrew also wrote a monthly advice column in the Japanese magazine \"Rockin' On\", which ran for 10 years – from 2002 until 2012 – and resulted in a book of all the advice columns compiled, called \"I Will Change Your Life.\"\nIn September 2013, Andrew announced that his first book about partying, \"The Party Bible,\" will be published by Simon & Schuster.", "The announcement, first broken on The A.V. Club, is accompanied by a video of the \"Party Hard\" rock icon's physical and mental preparation for the literary task.", "In January 2014, The Village Voice announced a new weekly advice column from Andrew called \"Ask Andrew W.K.\"", "The column appeared in the print edition of the paper, as well as Village Voice online.", "On September 28, 2016, Vice Media announced a new weekly column from Andrew W.K. and published his first piece titled \"Andrew W.K. on Pressure.\"", "The column appeared on the Vice website with Andrew writing about a singular topic each week.", "Outside of his solo work, Andrew also performed with and produced music for the avant-garde ensemble To Live and Shave in L.A.", "He first appeared on the band's 2004 release \"God and Country Rally!\"", "He co-produced their 2006 studio album \"Noon and Eternity\", and appears on the group's other 2006 release, the \"chronological remix\" project \"Horoscopo: Sanatorio de Molière\".", "In late 2006, Andrew re-worked his song \"Fun Night\" into a theme song for the Arizona Sundogs, a hockey team.", "The song was titled \"Sundogs (It Just Got Hotter)\".", "The song \"Fun Night\" also appeared in the film \"Old School\" during one of the party scenes.", "Andrew was also a judge for the 5th and 10th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.", "On July 7, 2007, at 7:07 pm, Andrew appeared as one of the 77 drummers in the 77 Boadrum concert held at the Empire-Fulton Ferry State Park in Brooklyn, New York which was organized by Japanese noise rock group Boredoms.", "In September 2007 Andrew's piano playing was featured on a jazz fusion CD release \"électricité\" with Mike Pachelli on guitar, Rich Russo on drums, and Dennis Harding on bass for Los Angeles-based Fullblast Recordings (2007).", "Andrew has also performed and recorded electric bass guitar for the artist Baby Dee, whom he met while playing live as the bassist of Current 93.", "Andrew played bass and drums on Dee's \"Safe Inside the Day\" album, and performed with her group at a 2008 show Manhattan.", "He also produced and mixed Dee's 2011 album, \"Regifted Light\".", "Andrew has performed bass guitar with Current 93 at the Donau Festival in Krems, Austria in April 2007, the UK All Tomorrow's Parties festival in May 2007, and their European tour in April 2008.", "On Friday, December 5, 2008, an Andrew W.K. fan named Dominic Owen Mallary died after an accident while his band Last Lights performed at Boston University.", "Dominic had always said that he wanted to have Andrew W.K. play during his funeral.", "After several friends of Dominic emailed him, Andrew came to the wake, and played classical piano for the entire time after paying his respects.", "Andrew formed the group The Brill Sisters with guitarist Matt Sweeney and producer Don Fleming.", "They played their first show (without Fleming) at Santos Party House on April 2, 2009.", "The entire group performed together on April 21, 2009.", "Andrew has collaborated with Canada's Nardwuar the Human Serviette and his band The Evaporators to record the split 7-inch A Wild Pear, released in 2009.", "They worked together again on a pair of tracks for The Evaporators' 2012 album Busy Doing Nothing.", "In 2012, it was believed that the United States State Department had named W.K. the U.S. Cultural Ambassador to Bahrain.", "In reality, he had been merely asked to speak at the Embassy as part of a cultural speakers program, an invitation which, upon further reflection, was repealed \"because it did not meet the standards of the State Department.\"", "Andrew set a world record for Longest Drum Session in a Retail Store at the MTV O Music Awards on Thursday, June 20, 2013, after drumming non-stop for 24 hours.", "On Thursday, June 12, 2014, Andrew co-hosted the Relentless Kerrang!", "Awards alongside Scott Ian of Anthrax.", "The event was held at East London's Troxy.", "Andrew also made an appearance as himself in the Cyanide and Happiness show.", "Most recently, he appeared as a fictional version of himself, \"Intern Andrew W.K.,\" in a live show for Welcome to Night Vale, entitled \"The Librarian\".", "Andrew is featured on \"Nekrogoblikon's\" album titled \"Heavy Meta\" released on June 2, 2015.", "Andrew appeared on Ken Reid's \"TV Guidance Counselor\" podcast on December 11, 2015.", "Andrew played the role of the character known as \"Redeye\" in the game \"Fallout 4\" in the Nuka-World DLC.", "Andrew has made multiple appearances on MTV, MTV2, and VH1, hosting shows such as \"The Most Outrageous Frontmen\", with Johnny Knoxville and \"Backstage Pass\" at the Warped Tour.", "Andrew was the focus of a televised live performance at Cleveland's Rock 'N' Roll Hall of Fame, broadcast on MTV.", "He's also made appearances on the shows, \"I Love The 90's\", \"I Love The New Millennium\", \"Black to the Future\", \"I Love The Holidays\", \"The Great Debate\", \"Best Week Ever\" and \"The Osbournes\".", "Andrew was also featured on a popular MTV show called \"Crashing With Andrew W.K.\", which documented Andrew's visit to a girl's dorm at North Carolina Central University.", "In 2004, Andrew had a television show on MTV2 titled \"Your Friend, Andrew W.K.\".", "In the series, fans would write letters to Andrew, asking for his help.", "Andrew would pick certain letters and go to visit them.", "The series lasted for 11 episodes, each about 9 or 10 minutes in length.", "During the filming of the show, Andrew was in a car crash but sustained no serious injuries.", "Andrew has performed on TV shows such as \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", \"Last Call with Carson Daly\", \"Saturday Night Live\", and the \"Spike TV Video Game Awards\".", "His most recent performance was with Bonnie 'Prince' Billy on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".", "He had a cameo in the show \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force\", singing \"Party Party Party\", a song that combines elements of multiple previous Andrew W.K. songs.", "The song was released on \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters the Soundtrack\".", "Andrew's only confirmed movie role is in \"Punk Rock Holocaust\", playing himself.", "Andrew was also featured on the finale of the third season of \"Kathy Griffin:", "My Life on the D-List\" as Kathy's date in New York.", "The two attended one of Andrew's performance art shows.", "\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" has twice featured Andrew as a sit-down interview guest—the first in 2003 to speak about the \"Your Friend, Andrew W.K.\" show, and then again in 2007, to speak about his motivational performance tours.", "Andrew was a frequent guest on the Fox News late-night program, \"Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld\".", "Andrew has also been a featured interviewer and guest on \"The Daily Show\".", "In 2011, he appeared in A Day to Remember's video for \"All I Want.\"", "Andrew also appears on the vocal-instructional DVD \"The Zen of Screaming\".", "Cartoon Network also used Andrew W.K. in a music video about the network's new live-action shows.", "The song and video, \"Hearing What I Say\" (adapted from Andrew's 2006 song, \"Not Going to Bed\") aired extensively on Cartoon Network and was available on YouTube.", "Later the clip was replaced by another bumper.", "In 2011, Andrew was part of a pyrotechnic stunt with motocross superstar Robbie Maddison performing a backflip on his motorcycle while Andrew presented the event for Cartoon Network's Hall of Game Awards.", "Andrew presented Cartoon Network's live-action show Destroy Build Destroy.", "Andrew had a cameo on Cartoon Network's \"Mad\", in the episode \"Kung Fu Blander / Destroy Bob the Builder Destroy,\" which spoofed only \"Bob the Builder\" In 2014, Andrew appeared on Fuse TV's \"Insane Clown Posse Theater\" with Insane Clown Posse.", "Andrew also starred in \"Lil BUB's Special Special\" on Animal Planet alongside Lil Bub herself and Amy Sedaris.", "The TV special premiered on Saturday, February 8 at 9:00 pm right after the \"Too Cute\" show.", "Andrew's trip to a safari park is the subject of the documentary film, \"Party Safari\" (2014), by Nik Box & Chris Hines.", "In August 2014, Andrew hosted his own show on Kerrang!", "TV called \"Andrew W.K.'s Party Hard 100\" in which he counted down some of the most party videos on Earth.", "Andrew also guest co-hosted six episodes of Pivot's \"TakePart Live\" alongside Meghan McCain and Jacob Soboroff.", "Andrew appeared as a guest on \"The SDR Show\" with Ralph Sutton and Big Jay Oakerson.", "He has also made a comeback to Cartoon Network in late March on Pete Browngart's animated series \"Uncle Grandpa\" as himself hosting a party alongside Pizza Steve and Mr. Gus in the episode, \"Shower Party.\"", "In addition to producing his own music on the albums \"I Get Wet\", \"The Wolf\", \"Close Calls with Brick Walls\", and \"You're Not Alone\", Andrew has produced and mixed music for other artists as well as working on special commercial music projects.", "These include the production of music exclusively for commercial use on television and radio.", "In 2008, Andrew gained new notoriety for recording a song called \"The McLaughlin Groove\", based on an exchange between Pat Buchanan and John McLaughlin on the political television show \"The McLaughlin Group\".", "The song was commissioned by the Public Radio International show \"Fair Game\", on which Andrew has appeared for interviews.", "In 2004, Andrew recorded a television jingle for Kit Kat candy bars, and rewrote their trademark \"Give Me A Break\" slogan into a new song.", "The recording appeared in a variety of 30-second, 45-second, and 1 minute commercials, broadcast on television worldwide.", "\"I avoided working with other people for many years, partly out of paranoia, and partly out of an earnest desire to stand on my own.", "After a while, I got tired of thinking that way, and it just seemed natural to do the opposite of what I had done before.", "I like making music with other people.", "I can still make music by myself too.\".", "Andrew's earliest external production work was with the group Wolf Eyes, on their now out-of-print 12-inch EP \"Fortune Dove\".", "The last track on that album, \"What Kind of Band?\" features Andrew W.K. on vocals explaining why he enjoys listening to Wolf Eyes.", "Since then, he's chosen to work on a select and seemingly random set of projects, beginning with production and mixing on the album, \"Through The Panama\", by Brooklyn, NY based three-piece art rock band, Sightings.", "The album was jointly released by Load Records and Thurston Moore's Ecstatic Peace! label in October 2007.", "At the end of 2007, Andrew accepted an invitation to produce a new album, \"Repentance\", for veteran reggae artist Lee \"Scratch\" Perry.", "The two had met when Andrew interviewed Perry for DirecTV.", "\"Repentance\" was nominated for \"Best Reggae Album\" in the 2009 Grammy Awards.", "On February 20, 2008, Andrew released an exclusive ringtone commissioned by Universal Music Japan for the Japanese mobile phone market.", "The song is called, \"Sonna no Kankei Ne Rock\", which celebrates a then popular catch-phrase by a TV Talent, \"Sonna no Kankei Ne, Hai Oppappi!\"", "This translates to, \"I Don't Give A Damn, Yes Oppappi!\"", "The ringtone was first announced on a Japanese national T.V. program called \"Music Station\" and had over 3,500 downloads that day.", "Cumulative sales of ringtone are over 20,000.", "Andrew's song debuted at No.1 in Label Mobile's International daily ringtone chart.", "Label Mobile is the biggest mobile retailer in Japan.", "In the spring of 2008, Andrew and three partners opened a multi-level nightclub and live concert hall in downtown Manhattan, New York City.", "The venue was named Santos Party House, and featured of dance floor and concert facilities, and over 150 loud-speakers.", "The space was designed for disco dancing and live music.", "It was one of the few new venues in New York City to be granted a liquor license and a cabaret license.", "The cabaret license means people can legally dance until 4 am.", "Santos Party House received numerous awards, including The People's Choice Award for Best Night Club, Best New Club, Best DJ Night (from \"Paper Magazine\"), Best New Dance Floor (from \"The Village Voice\"), and many more.", "In May 2009, Wilkes-Krier and his work with Santos was the subject of an extensive four-page article in \"New York Magazine\".", "In 2010, the Zagat Survey rated Santos Party House the \"Top Dance Club\" in all of New York City.", "Santos Party House's last night of operation was May 29, 2016.", "On April 28, 2015, W.K. announced a new radio show called \"America W.K.\" on TheBlaze Radio Network, the new show will be a two-hour Saturday program focusing on \"what it is to be alive—meaning, motivation, mind set, and making dreams come true, all included in a celebration of life itself—and all with a positive and honest outlook\".", "In November 2004, W.K.'s official website was hacked with threats of blackmail from someone who claimed to have co-created Andrew W.K.'s persona, and demanded to be included in the production of the third album, claiming to be \"Steev Mike\".", "W.K. responded stating, \"Please don't believe Steev Mike.", "I used to call myself Steev Mike a long time ago and it's nothing now.", "Someone is trying to confuse you and make me look bad.", "\"\nIn subsequent years, W.K. denied various theories accusing him of being a fake entity, declaring himself to be \"a real person who thinks for himself\" and \"not the victim of anyone or group of people trying to influence my career or life\".", "He clarified that \"the nature of how we presented my initial offerings caused some confusion, even though I tried to make it as straightforward as possible...", "Different people I've worked with and different parts of my back story have gotten twisted and changed.", "But I made the music on my albums – I had a lot of help from incredible people, but not the kind of help that some people think.", "\"\nIn September 2009, W.K. acknowledged legal disputes around his name: \"At the end of 2004, an old friend of mine got in some business trouble and basically decided to take it out on me... they were able to turn my life and career upside down.", "I wasn't allowed to use my own name within certain areas...", "This made my life complicated and intense for a few years, but I kept working and doing whatever I could to keep moving forward.", "\"", "W.K. is known for his long hair and wearing a usually dirty all white outfit, consisting of a white t-shirt, white jeans, black digital watch and sneakers.", "The album artwork for \"I Get Wet\" featured a photo of Andrew with a bloody nose and this image is used frequently in his merchandise and persona.", "W.K. has six tattoos, all of which are straight lines on his arms.", "In 2011, Kesha gave Andrew a line tattoo with a pen and a safety pin that resulted in an infection.", "Andrew W.K. previously lived in Midtown Manhattan but left in 2006 or 2007, \"bouncing between short-term situations\" in other locations outside New York.", "He married Cherie Lily on October 4, 2008, in a traditional Persian wedding ceremony at Santos Party House, a nightclub in Chinatown that W.K. co", "-", "owned.", "They met through their mutual heavy-metal voice instructor, and Lily performed with W.K.'s band as a vocalist and hypewoman from 2006 until 2018.", "W.K. has two children but keeps them out of the public eye.", "In May 2021, W.K. announced via a press release that he and his ex-wife Cherie had begun amicable divorce proceedings in late 2019.", "He also confirmed that he was dating actress Kat Dennings, after the two met in Los Angeles in early 2021.", "A week later, on May 13, 2021, the couple announced their engagement on Instagram.", "<onlyinclude>\n</onlyinclude>" ]

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[ "In the years following its release, Wilkes-Krier has undertaken a number of other musical and non-musical ventures including television and radio work, motivational speaking, and writing." ]

[ "In 2005, Goble spoke of his inspiration and recording of the song, saying \"I loved watching old black and white movies, and I always also loved the music of Glenn Miller and Cole Porter, that whole era of writing, and it was my attempt to write a song to depict the romantic era.", "It came out very quickly, I wrote it in about half an hour.", "Even though a lot of people think it sounds complicated, on the guitar it's very simple to play.", "It nearly never got recorded – when the time came to record it, the keyboard player I wanted to use, Peter Jones, was out of town, so we cut the band track with a different keyboard player.", "It didn't work.", "A few days later when we tried it again with a different keyboard player, again it didn't work, and the band was losing interest in the song.", "Just before the album was finished, Peter Jones came back into town, the band and I had an argument because I wanted to give Reminiscing a third chance.", "Peter played on it, we cut it, and finished it, and sent the album to Capitol.", "Capitol said that they couldn't hear any singles on the album, and didn't know what to release.", "Five weeks later, someone at Capitol's New York office said 'You're all crazy, Reminiscing is a smash.'", "Capitol put it out, and it just immediately caught on fire, and became our highest chart hit.\"", "Goble added \"It's quite staggering; you don't realise you've written something like that until it happens, until it's history.", "\"\n Australian 7\" (EMI 11738)\nA. \"Reminiscing\" - 4:11\nB. \"Take Me Home\"", "New Zealand 7\" (EMI 1043)\nA. \"Reminiscing\" - 3:26 \nB. \"So Many Paths\" - 4:22 \n North American 7\" (Harvest 4605)\nA. \"Reminiscing\" - 3:26 \nB. \"So Many Paths\" - 4:22", "Australian band Madison Avenue covered the song and released it as a single in March 2001.", "Their version was certified Gold by ARIA.", "Australian CD single\n# \"Reminiscing (Da Classic Remix - Edit)\" – 3:31\n# \"Reminiscing (Original Mix - Edit)\" – 3:24\n# \"Everything You Need (Olav Basoski Remix)\" – 7:32\n# \"Reminiscing (Da Classic Remix)\" – 5:06\n# \"It's Alright (Album Mix)\" – 5:12", "Biz Markie sampled the song for his song \"Throwback\" on the album \"Weekend Warrior\"." ]

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[ "The song was written by the band's guitarist, Graeham Goble, and sung by their lead singer, Glenn Shorrock." ]

[ "Hemavati is the 4th rāgam in the 10th \"chakra Disi\".", "The mnemonic name is \"Disi-Bhu\".", "The mnemonic phrase is \"sa ri gi mi pa dhi ni\".", "Its structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see \"swaras\" in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):\n\nAs it is a \"melakarta\" rāgam, by definition it is a \"sampoorna\" rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale).", "It is the \"prati madhyamam\" equivalent of \"Kharaharapriya\", which is the 22nd \"melakarta\".", "\"Hemavati\" has a few minor \"janya\" rāgams (derived scales) associated with it.", "See List of \"janya\" rāgams to view all rāgams associated with \"Hemavati\".", "Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to \"Hemavati\".", "This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.", "\"Hemavati's\" notes when shifted using \"Graha bhedam\", yields 3 other major \"melakarta\" rāgams, namely, \"Keeravani\", \"Vakulabharanam\" and \"Kosalam\".", "\"Graha bhedam\" is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the \"shadjam\" to the next note in the rāgam.", "For further details and an illustration refer \"Graha bhedam on Keeravani\".", "In Western music, Hemavati corresponds to Ukrainian Dorian scale." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "It is the 58th \"Melakarta\" rāgam in the 72 \"melakarta\" rāgam system of Carnatic music." ]

[ "As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, parliamentary constituency no. 3 Jalpaiguri, reserved for Scheduled castes (SC), is composed of the following segments from 2009:", "Most of the contests were multi-cornered.", "However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India.", "The constituency centres on Jalpaiguri in West Bengal.", "The constituency is reserved for Scheduled castes (SC)." ]

[ "The Carey Theological College was founded in 1959 as Carey Hall by the Canadian Baptists of Western Canada.", "It officially opened in 1960.", "In 1991, it was renamed Carey Theological College.", "Carey Theological College is actively involved with the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada and affiliated with the University of British Columbia.", "The college makes use of theological scholars in the area, particularly through a working relationship with Regent College, an evangelical graduate school of theology situated nearby.", "Carey is an active participant of the Network of Evangelical Theological Schools of Western Canada, a network providing shared distributive-learning options both to those in ministry and those preparing for ministry.", "For example, the college has a working relationship with Taylor Seminary, a graduate school of the North American Baptist Conference located in Edmonton.", "Also, as of the fall of 2012, reciprocal academic arrangements were agreed upon with the Prairie Bible Institute of Three Hills, Alberta.", "Currently, fourth year students in Prairie's ministry and theological programs are eligible to receive advanced standing in Carey's master's degree programs or alternatively, a student may enroll in courses from Carey after completing three years at Prairie and have Carey's graduate credits fulfill fourth year bachelor's degree requirements at the Bible College as well as apply toward a master's degree.", "Carey places an emphasis on applied theology, particularly preaching, missions, urban studies, evangelism, spiritual formation and equipping ministries." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]

[ "Carey Theological College is an evangelical Christian seminary based in Vancouver, British Columbia.", "It is affiliated with the Canadian Baptists of Western Canada." ]

[ "As per order of the Delimitation Commission issued in 2006 in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, parliamentary constituency no. 33 Jhargram, reserved for Scheduled tribes (ST), is composed of the following segments:\nPrior to delimitation, Jhargram Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments: Garhbeta East (assembly constituency no. 220), Garhbeta West (SC) (assembly constituency no. 221), Salbani (assembly constituency no. 222), Nayagram (ST) (assembly constituency no. 229), Gopiballavpur (assembly constituency no. 230), Jhargram (assembly constituency no. 231), Binpur (ST) (assembly constituency no. 232)", "Most of the contests were multi-cornered.", "However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India.", "The constituency centres on Jhargram in West Bengal.", "The seat is reserved for scheduled tribes.", "Four of the seven assembly segments of No. 33 Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency) are in Jhargram district, two in Paschim Medinipur district and one assembly segment is in Purulia district." ]

[ "In 2005 the district purchased a plot of land to build a new high school.", "In 2007 the district received public comments recommending that it build a new high school building funded by a bond, with the expected amount of the bond being $50 million.", "In January 2008 voters were offered a vote on the bond but they rejected it, so the district at the time proposed leasing the land for farmers.", "On August 31, 2015 Woodland High School moved from 757 Park Street () to its newly constructed current location at 1500 Dike Access Road ().", "In 2020 Phillip Pearson became the principal.", "Woodland participates in the Southwest Washington 2A Greater St. Helens League and a member of the Washington Interscholastic Activities Association (WIAA).", "School sponsored sports include; baseball, boys wrestling, cross country, football, basketball, golf, soccer, softball, track and volleyball." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "Woodland High School is a public high school located in unincorporated Cowlitz County, Washington, with a Woodland postal address.", "It is a part of Woodland Public Schools." ]

[ "Development of the Nintendo DSi started at the end of 2006.", "It was the first time Masato Kuwahara of Nintendo's Development Engineering Department served as a hardware project leader.", "Work went at a quick pace to meet deadlines; his team had to devise a theme for the new DS in time for a late December presentation, and by February 2007, most specifications for a chipset had to be completed.", "Kuwahara reported that his team had difficulty determining the potential market for the handheld during the design process; he said of their goal, \"We have to be able to sell the console on its own [without games at launch].", "It also has to be able to meld into the already-existing DS market.\"", "The console's digital cameras were considered early in development: Nintendo president and Chief Executive Officer Satoru Iwata described the touchscreen as the Nintendo DS's sense of touch, and the microphone as its \"ears\"; a co-worker suggested that it should have \"eyes\".", "Kuwahara's team originally wanted one camera with a swivel mechanism, but this was abandoned due to concerns of reliability, cost, and the need of a thicker console.", "Owing to consumer demand, Nintendo also improved the handhelds' volume and audio quality and made it slimmer with larger screens compared to the Nintendo DS Lite.", "However, to improve portability without sacrificing durability, the GBA cartridge slot present on earlier models was removed.", "To compensate, Nintendo continued to support the DS Lite as long as there was consumer demand for it.", "The DSi's size was changed midway through development, delaying its release.", "Its original design included two DS game card slots, because of demand from both fan communities and Nintendo employees, which consequently made it larger.", "When the console's designs were unveiled to Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development producers in October 2007, it was met with lukewarm reception due to its size.", "However, Iwata and Kuwahara's own hopes resulted in the creation of a prototype.", "A quick hands-on investigation led them to abandon the dual-slot design, which made the DSi approximately slimmer.", "Ever since the handheld's in-company unveiling, its internal designs were finished along with assembly and durability specifications.", "Iwata described having to resize the console so close to manufacturing as being essentially the same as making another handheld.", "Yui Ehara, designer of the DS Lite and DSi's original casing, had to redesign the revised case.", "He advocated changing the six speaker apertures, as their circular perforations were redundant to the rest of the handheld's interface.", "He believed that this alteration also signaled a clearer distinction between the DSi and its predecessors while keeping the unit \"neat\" and \"simple\".", "Ehara hoped the DSi's added features would not interfere with his desired iconic image of the Nintendo DS product line: two rectangles, one on top of the other, with each half containing another rectangle inside.", "This model was publicly revealed at the October 2008 Nintendo Conference in Tokyo, along with its Japanese price and release date.", "While the DS product line's worldwide yearly sales figures consistently surpassed those of its primary market rival, Sony's PlayStation Portable, demand for it in Japan was decreasing; Nintendo's launch of the DSi was intended to stimulate sales.", "The company was less concerned with releasing the DSi in other territories, where DS Lite market demand remained high.", "Development of a large DS Lite model in 2007 eventually led to the DSi XL.", "Nintendo had designed a large DS Lite model with screens, compared to the standard screens; development of this new handheld advanced far enough that it could have begun mass production.", "However, Iwata placed the project on hold due to consumer demand for the DS Lite and Wii.", "He later pitched the idea of simultaneously releasing large and small versions of the DSi instead, but Nintendo's hardware team was incapable of developing two models concurrently.", "After finishing work on the DSi, Kuwahara started the DSi XL project and became project leader.", "The DSi XL, a DSi model with screens, was announced on October 29, 2009.", "Various names for it were considered, including \"DSi Comfort\", \"DSi Executive\", \"DSi Premium\", \"DSi Living\", and \"DSi Deka\" (Japanese for \"large\").", "\"Mario\" creator Shigeru Miyamoto insisted on \"DSi Deka\".", "The handheld has an improved viewing angle over its predecessor, which allows onlookers to see the screen's contents more easily.", "This feature was absent from the large DS Lite model due to cost issues at the time, which also limited LCD screen size.", "The cost of LCD screens is determined by how many pieces are cut from a single large glass sheet.", "To keep these costs within a certain threshold, Nintendo set a screen size limit of approximately , which was later increased to .", "On November 1, 2008, the DSi was released in Japan; on April 2, 2009, in Australia and New Zealand, and on April 3 in Europe, all with a black and white casing.", "It launched in the United States and Canada on April 5, alongside the game \"Rhythm Heaven\".", "It was the first DS console to launch with multiple colors in North America—black and blue.", "iQue released a Chinese DSi model in black and white, with a pre-installed version of \"Nintendogs\", in December 2009; the \"Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun\" reported that the Chinese and Korean models featured improved security, to combat piracy.", "On April 15, 2010, the DSi was launched in South Korea in white, black, blue, and pink, alongside the game \"MapleStory DS\".", "\"MapleStory DS\" was also bundled with a red limited-edition DSi, which had characters from the game printed around its external camera.", "Other countries the DSi was released in include Brazil, Russia, and Turkey.", "Nintendo had shipped 200,000 units for the DSi's Japanese launch, and during its first two days on sale, over 170,000 units were sold—the remaining units were either unclaimed pre-orders or reserved for sale on Culture Day.", "By the end of the month, the DSi sold 535,000 units, in comparison to 550,000 DS Lites sold in its launch month.", "In the two-day launch period, Europe and North American sales totaled 600,000 units combined.", "North American first week sales almost doubled the DS Lite's 226,000 units by selling 435,000.", "In the UK, the console totaled 92,000 sales within two days of release, which GfK/Chart-Track data showed to be the fourth-best opening weekend ever in the region—higher than previous records set by other DS iterations.", "DSi launch events were held on the western and eastern coasts of the United States.", "Nintendo sponsored an official launch event at the Universal CityWalk in Los Angeles and the Nintendo World Store in New York City.", "The LA midnight launch party featured several events, including merchandise handouts, signings and art galleries from iam8bit, parkour demonstrations, and performances by Gym Class Heroes.", "Hundreds attended and over 150 stayed until midnight to purchase a unit at GameStop.", "A human-sized Lego DSi by artist Sean Kenney was on display at the Nintendo World Store.", "The Nintendo DSi XL was released in Japan on November 21, 2009, in bronze, burgundy, and white.", "The former two colors were available for its European launch on March 5, 2010, and its North American launch on March 28.", "The console launched in Australia on April 15, 2010, in bronze and burgundy.", "The DSi XL was released in other countries including Brazil, South Africa, and Turkey.", "Over 100,500 units were sold during the console's first two days on sale in Japan, and 141,000 units were sold during its first three days in the United States.", "The 2011 release of the Nintendo 3DS, the successor to the Nintendo DS series of handhelds, was announced on March 23, 2010, to preempt impending news leaks by the Japanese press and to attract potential attendees to the Electronic Entertainment Expo.", "According to industry analysts, the timing drew attention from the North American launch of the DSi XL.", "M2 Research senior analyst Billy Pigeon argued the \"XL is old news ... in Japan – and Nintendo is a very Japan-centric organization.", "This is just the corporate parent in Japan maybe not acting in the best interest of Nintendo of America.\"", "Iwata dismissed any significant impact when speaking to concerned investors, \"those who are eager to buy Nintendo 3DS right after the announcement generally tend to react quickly to anything new on the market, and those who are purchasing a Nintendo DS today tend to react relatively slowly.\"", "Nintendo targeted a wider demographic profile with the first Nintendo DS (2004) than it had with the Game Boy line.", "Comparing 2008 life-to-date DS and DS Lite sales to the best-selling game console, Sony's PlayStation 2, showed potential in further expanding the Nintendo DS gaming population—particularly in Europe and the United States.", "To further promote the product line while expanding its gaming population, Nintendo created the DSi.", "Iwata has said that families often share DS and DS Lite consoles, so to encourage each family member to buy an individual handheld, Nintendo added personalization features to the DSi.", "The \"i\" in DSi symbolizes both an individual person (I) and the handheld's cameras (eyes); the former meaning contrasts with the \"i\"'s in Wii, which represent players gathering together.", "Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aimé said, \"If Wii was about gaming for the masses, then think of DSi as creativity for the masses.\"", "Iwata has said that the DSi is meant to be a first camera for children, and a social networking device for adults.", "In response to media commentary following the DSi's announcement, Iwata insisted that its new audio and camera capabilities are not meant to compete with mobile phones, the iPod, or the PSP.", "He explained their role in the marketplace:\nThe DSi helped maintain strong sales for Nintendo's handheld product line.", "The DSi accounted for 40 percent of its product line's 2009 UK sales and frequently topped weekly sales charts in Japan during its first year of availability.", "In the United States, the console's initial three-month sales surpassed those of the DS, DS Lite, and Wii.", "Average weekly sales of the Wii and Nintendo DS declined slightly in March; Nintendo DS hardware sales stabilized at over 200,000 units for seven months after the DSi's April launch, while Wii sales diminished.", "Gamasutra estimated that, in October 2009 and February 2010, 50 percent of Nintendo DS unit sales were DSi consoles.", "In an October 2009 interview, Fils-Aimé announced that the DSi had sold 2.2 million units in the United States.", "He said, \"If you give the consumer great value in terms of what they pay, they're willing to spend, and we say [that] based on the experience of launching the DSi\".", "The United States had its highest yearly DS sales in 2009 with 11.22 million units sold.", "The DSi and DSi XL accounted for 16.88 million of the 27.11 million units sold worldwide of its product line for Nintendo's 2009 fiscal year beginning April 1, 2009 and ending March 31, 2010.", "In Gamasutra's United States hardware sales estimate for July 2010, the DSi and DSi XL each outsold the DS Lite.", "The website reported DSi sales of approximately 300,000 units in July 2009 and February 2010, which remains consistent for July 2010 if combined with DSi XL sales.", "As a result, the average price consumers were spending on the Nintendo DS hardware family rose to over $165 (in 2004 dollars, $ adjusted for inflation as of 2010), which is over $15 more than the November 2004 launch price of the original Nintendo DS.", "Nintendo made its first DSi price cuts in Europe on June 18, 2010, for DSi and DSi XL consoles in Japan on June 19, and in North America on September 12.", "The DSi and DSi XL accounted for 14.66 million of the 17.52 million units sold worldwide of its product line in fiscal year 2010.", "In a United States hardware sales estimate for July 2011 by Gamasutra following the DS Lite's price drop a month earlier, about 60 to 70 percent of approximately 290,000 DS units sold were DSi and DSi XL consoles.", "Lackluster 3DS sales forced Nintendo to drop its price to match the DSi XL in the United States on August 12.", "Japan and Europe had similar price reductions.", "Gamasutra speculated potential DS buyers in the United States opted for the 3DS as a result; DS sales for August 2011 decreased by 45 percent, while it combined with 3DS sales remained steady compared to the previous month.", "Nintendo made its second DSi and DSi XL price cuts in North America on May 20, 2012.", "Gamasutra called these price cuts the DS product line's \"final send-off\" and expects \"by this time next year its contributions to the market will be minuscule.", "After Christmas, Nintendo will effectively be a single-handheld system company, putting all of portable software efforts into the Nintendo 3DS.\"", "The Nintendo DSi's design is similar to that of the second DS iteration, the Nintendo DS Lite.", "It is approximately 12 percent shorter () than the Nintendo DS Lite when closed, but slightly wider and lighter.", "The DSi has two TFT-LCD screens— larger than those of previous models—that are capable of displaying 262,144 colors.", "The touch sensitive lower screen accepts input from the included stylus.", "The handheld features four lettered buttons (X, Y, A, B), a directional pad, and Start, Select, and Power buttons.", "Two shoulder buttons, a game card slot, and a power cable input are placed under the console's hinge.", "The included AC adapter (WAP-002) is not compatible with any previous DS model.", "Unlike previous models, the handheld has two VGA (0.3-megapixel) digital cameras.", "The first is on the internal hinge and points toward the user; the second is on the outer casing and faces away from the user.", "The SD card slot is also new, set behind a cover on the right side.", "While the DS Lite used a switch, the DSi, like the original Nintendo DS, features a button to power on or off.", "The button has extra functions and unlike the original's power button, it is located on the bottom-left side of the touchscreen.", "Brightness and volume controls are on the left side; five brightness settings—one more than on the DS Lite—are available.", "The headset port is on the bottom.", "The DSi has a matte surface to hide fingerprints.", "It is available in numerous colors, but color selection varies by region.", "For example, lime green is exclusive to Japan, while red is available in Europe and North America.", "North America also received a different shade of blue.", "Numerous special-edition models and bundles have been released, including those for \"Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth\", \"Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Echoes of Time\", and the 2009 Black Friday shopping day.", "The DSi has more RAM and a faster CPU than the DS Lite.", "Developers reported the console has a native mode, which runs software specifically designed for its hardware, access to the system's extra processing and memory resources.", "The inclusion of a codec integrated circuit (a microchip) amplifies sound signals and converts them from digital to analog.", "This increases audio output, and depending on the mode, higher audio quality.", "Unused space on the motherboard was removed; the CPU was relocated, and the battery housing was expanded.", "The camera's resolution is two-and-a-half times higher than the handheld's screens.", "However, their resolution is considerably lower than contemporaneous digital cameras and mobile phones.", "This was done to help keep their price reasonable and to maintain a preferable response time for viewing photos in quick session, particularity since numerous applications will use them.", "The Nintendo DSi XL features larger screens, and a greater overall size, than the original DSi.", "It is the fourth DS model, the first to be available as a pure size variation.", "Iwata said that cost restraints had, until then, limited the screen size and multiplayer aspects of portable game consoles, and that the DSi XL offers \"an improved view angle on the screens\", which makes it the first \"portable system that can be enjoyed with people surrounding the gamer.\"", "He argued that this introduces a new method of playing portable video games, wherein those \"surrounding the game player can also join in one way or the other to the gameplay.\"", "While the original DSi was specifically designed for individual use, Iwata suggested that DSi XL buyers give the console a \"steady place on a table in the living room,\" so that it might be shared by multiple household members.", "The DSi XL is the longest, widest and heaviest DS model.", "The console features two wide-viewing-angle LCD screens with the same resolution as the smaller model.", "It has improved battery life over the DSi on all brightness settings; for example, batteries last 13–17 hours at the dimmest setting.", "The handheld is outfitted with identical speakers contained in larger speaker enclosures, enabling them to produce louder sound.", "The hinges stop the screen at 120° in addition to the original DSi's position of 155° to allow easier table-top viewing.", "The DSi XL is bundled with two longer styli, one of which is thicker, rounded, and pen-like, and does not fit inside the unit.", "The DSi XL has a matte surface, and the exterior of its top panel is coated with a gloss finish.", "It is available in eight two-toned colors, varying by region such as white, green, red, yellow, and pink.", "Two special-edition models were released: those for \"LovePlus+\" and the 25th anniversary of \"Super Mario Bros.\" Flipnote Studio and the Nintendo DSi Browser come pre-installed with the DSi XL, alongside other, region-specific software.", "Like the Wii, the DSi has upgradeable firmware, and features a menu interface that displays applications as selectable icons.", "The seven primary icons represent the game card software, \"Nintendo DSi Camera\", \"Nintendo DSi Sound\", \"Nintendo DSi Shop\", \"DS Download Play\", \"PictoChat\", and \"system settings\"; additional applications may be downloaded from the DSi Shop.", "Icons are set in a single-row grid navigable with the stylus or D-pad, and may be re-arranged via drag-and-drop.", "The power button can either soft reset the console, returning it to the main menu, or shut it down.", "Game cards may be hot swapped when the console is set to the main menu, allowing players to switch game cards without shutting down.", "The DSi has more extensive multimedia features than previous models; AAC audio files from other devices, pictures, and downloadable software can be stored to an SD card.", "The latter two do not need external storage and can be stored internally.", "Before taking a photograph, users may modify the viewfinder's live image with ten \"lens\" options.", "Images captured can be uploaded to the Wii's Photo Channel, and, for consoles with the 1.4 firmware update or greater, to the social networking website Facebook.", "The built-in sound player has voice recording and music playback functionality.", "Voice recordings can be edited with audio filters and manipulated through pitch and playback.", "Users may save and modify up to 18 ten-second sound clips.", "These clips cannot be exported to an SD card.", "Users can play music from SD cards with visualizations displayed on the upper screen.", "AAC audio with .mp4, .m4a, or .3gp filename extensions are supported, but non-AAC formats, including MP3, are not supported.", "Sounds like drum beats and the classic \"Mario\" jumping noises can be added with button presses.", "Playing music also has its own set of manipulation options similar to those used for voice recordings, as well as a group of audio filters.", "Using headphones, music can be played when the case is closed.", "Users may export photos, sounds, and Internet settings to a 3DS.", "The Nintendo DSi connects to the Internet via either its built-in 802.11b/g Wi-Fi or a Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector; both methods grant access to the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service.", "The DSi supports WEP, WPA (AES/TKIP), and WPA2 (AES/TKIP) wireless encryption; only software with built-in support can use the latter two encryption types, as they were not supported by the DS and DS Lite.", "Up to six wireless Internet connection profiles can be saved; using the traditional setup method, the first three profiles support WEP encryption, while the remaining three are selectable under a more advanced option, which supports WPA encryption.", "Under this advanced option, users may access the Wi-Fi Protected Setup method and configure proxy settings.", "The DSi can automatically detect Nintendo Zone service areas thus preventing the need to manually setup Wi-Fi connections.", "The service offers demos of upcoming and currently available games, access to the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection and DSi Shop, and may have location-specific content.", "All DS games are compatible with the DSi, except those that require the GBA slot.", "Because of its absence, the DSi is not backward compatible with GBA Game Paks or with accessories that require the GBA slot, such as the Nintendo DS Rumble Pak and the \"Guitar Hero: On Tour\" series guitar grip.", "\"DSi-enhanced\" game cards contain DSi-exclusive features, but can still be used with earlier models; \"DSi-exclusive\" game cards cannot.", "The DSi is Nintendo's first region-locked handheld; it prevents using certain software released for another region.", "Due to regional differences in Internet services and parental controls, DSi-specific software is region locked.", "However, cartridge software compatible with previous models, Internet browsing, and photo sharing are not locked.", "Homebrew flash cards designed for previous DS models are incompatible with the DSi, but new cards capable of running DS software on a DSi were available.", "Like the Wii, the DSi can connect to an online store.", "The store, called the DSi Shop, allows users to download DSiWare games and applications, which are paid for with a Nintendo Points Prepaid Card (previously known as Wii Points Prepaid Card).", "Application prices follow a three-tiered pricing scheme.", "The service launched with the DSi Browser, a free web browser developed by Opera Software and Nintendo.", "A DSiWare trial campaign, whose expiration date varied by region, formerly offered 1,000 free Nintendo Points to each DSi that accesses the DSi Shop.", "Over 500 downloadable games were available, varying by region.", "Purchased DSiWare on DSi or DSi XL consoles cannot be transferred between units unless that console is repaired or replaced by Nintendo.", "Most DSiWare can be transferred to a 3DS, however saved data cannot.", "Nintendo Points became irredeemable on September 30, 2016, and the Nintendo DSi Shop was shut down on March 31, 2017.", "The Nintendo DSi received generally positive reviews.", "Critics praised many of the console's changes to the DS Lite's aesthetic and functionality, but complained that it launched with insufficient exclusive software.", "IGN's Craig Harris noted that the DSi-exclusive software library and DSi Shop were lacking in content even after five months on the Japanese market.", "Jeff Bakalar of CNET said that owners of the original DS should consider buying a DSi, but that its only incentive for DS Lite owners was the DSi Shop.", "\"PCWorld\" New Zealand's Jan Birkeland shared Bakalar's opinion, but believed that it was too early to judge the quality of DSi Shop software.", "Many critics were disappointed by the removal of the GBA cartridge slot, but some of them, such as \"PCWorld\"s Darren Gladstone, \"Bit-tech\"s Joe Martin, and IGN's Harris and Lowe, believed that it was a reasonable exchange for SD card support and the DSi Shop.", "However, Bakalar stated, \"We'd gladly give up the 4 millimeters [of reduced thickness] to be able to play any Game Boy Advance game.", "\"\nMost reviewers criticized the quality of its cameras, particularly due to their resolution in comparison to contemporaneous mobile phones.", "They considered them sufficient for the DSi's screens, however.", "Harris and Lowe believed that the camera's only use was to take \"silly pictures of yourself and others\".", "They complained about the difficulty of taking photographs in low-light environments, and said that low-light images were tinged green or blue.", "Opinions on the DSi's photograph-editing tools were varied: \"Bit-tech\"s Martin and Reid considered them to be a gimmick, but Bakalar and Cliff Edwards of \"BusinessWeek\" thought otherwise.", "Edwards said that the camera's use in gameplay was a new opportunity for developers; Martin did not think that the concept would be widely adopted, as he believed it to be \"a gimmick that would alienate", "[...]", "DS Lite owners\".", "Eurogamer's Tom Bramwell speculated that the DSi follows Game & Watch and Game Boy creator Gunpei Yokoi's philosophy of using dated technology developers are familiar with to introduce new game design concepts that are inexpensive enough for mass production at a profit.", "He argued its features are designed to \"briefly entertain\" early adopters while encouraging \"developers to consider it as an alternative [of the DS Lite]\" to build an attractive game library for the long term.", "Because of the DSi's additions to the DS Lite design, critics recommended the console to those who had not purchased a previous DS model.", "Pete Metzger of the \"Los Angeles Times\" considered the DSi to be \"more like version 2.5 than a total reboot\", but called its new features \"worthwhile additions to an already great product.\"", "Gladstone gave the DSi a score of 75/100, and said that Nintendo \"puts in smart nips and tucks to its already-svelte handheld while adding a raft of useful multimedia features.\"", "Harris and Lowe defined the console's hardware redesign as \"evolutionary\", rather than \"revolutionary\".", "After the DSi was unveiled, Goldman Sachs analyst Matthew J. Fassler called the DSi Shop a \"tangible early threat\" to big-box stores and retailers.", "Martin believed that the cameras and DSi Shop did not justify purchasing the DSi at launch, but, in line with the general consensus, saw potential in future software for the console.", "Douglas Rankine of \"Wired UK\" and McKinley Noble of \"GamePro\" thought previously existing Nintendo DS games were revitalized with the Nintendo DSi XL's larger screens; games like \"Scribblenauts\" and \"The World Ends with You\" benefited from increased touchscreen precision and increased legibility of text, respectively.", "CVG's Mike Jackson argued that the bigger screens, which made its unchanged resolution blockier, would probably be less noticeable to the older demographic for which the XL is undoubtedly designed.", "However, Jackson and IGN's Scott Lowe and Chris Burke agreed its clear and vivid colors considerably compensated for its unchanged resolution.", "Carol Mangis of \"PC Magazine\" thought families looking to share a handheld between members should consider a DSi XL, but the larger screens were not enough of an incentive for current DSi owners to upgrade.", "Lowe, Burke, Jackson, and Bakalar concluded the larger DSi model is not an essential upgrade; Jackson explained \"if you tend not to carry it out with you, and only ever tend to use it at home, then the DSi XL is the better choice\"." ]

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[ "The is a dual-screen handheld game console released by Nintendo.", "It is the third iteration of the Nintendo DS, and its primary market rival is Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP).", "Development of the DSi began in late 2006, and the handheld was unveiled during an October 2008 Nintendo conference in Tokyo.", "Consumer demand convinced Nintendo to produce a slimmer handheld with larger screens than the DS Lite.", "Consequently, Nintendo removed the Game Boy Advance (GBA) cartridge slot to improve portability without sacrificing durability." ]

[ "Development of the Nintendo DSi started at the end of 2006.", "It was the first time Masato Kuwahara of Nintendo's Development Engineering Department served as a hardware project leader.", "Work went at a quick pace to meet deadlines; his team had to devise a theme for the new DS in time for a late December presentation, and by February 2007, most specifications for a chipset had to be completed.", "Kuwahara reported that his team had difficulty determining the potential market for the handheld during the design process; he said of their goal, \"We have to be able to sell the console on its own [without games at launch].", "It also has to be able to meld into the already-existing DS market.\"", "The console's digital cameras were considered early in development: Nintendo president and Chief Executive Officer Satoru Iwata described the touchscreen as the Nintendo DS's sense of touch, and the microphone as its \"ears\"; a co-worker suggested that it should have \"eyes\".", "Kuwahara's team originally wanted one camera with a swivel mechanism, but this was abandoned due to concerns of reliability, cost, and the need of a thicker console.", "Owing to consumer demand, Nintendo also improved the handhelds' volume and audio quality and made it slimmer with larger screens compared to the Nintendo DS Lite.", "However, to improve portability without sacrificing durability, the GBA cartridge slot present on earlier models was removed.", "To compensate, Nintendo continued to support the DS Lite as long as there was consumer demand for it.", "The DSi's size was changed midway through development, delaying its release.", "Its original design included two DS game card slots, because of demand from both fan communities and Nintendo employees, which consequently made it larger.", "When the console's designs were unveiled to Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development producers in October 2007, it was met with lukewarm reception due to its size.", "However, Iwata and Kuwahara's own hopes resulted in the creation of a prototype.", "A quick hands-on investigation led them to abandon the dual-slot design, which made the DSi approximately slimmer.", "Ever since the handheld's in-company unveiling, its internal designs were finished along with assembly and durability specifications.", "Iwata described having to resize the console so close to manufacturing as being essentially the same as making another handheld.", "Yui Ehara, designer of the DS Lite and DSi's original casing, had to redesign the revised case.", "He advocated changing the six speaker apertures, as their circular perforations were redundant to the rest of the handheld's interface.", "He believed that this alteration also signaled a clearer distinction between the DSi and its predecessors while keeping the unit \"neat\" and \"simple\".", "Ehara hoped the DSi's added features would not interfere with his desired iconic image of the Nintendo DS product line: two rectangles, one on top of the other, with each half containing another rectangle inside.", "This model was publicly revealed at the October 2008 Nintendo Conference in Tokyo, along with its Japanese price and release date.", "While the DS product line's worldwide yearly sales figures consistently surpassed those of its primary market rival, Sony's PlayStation Portable, demand for it in Japan was decreasing; Nintendo's launch of the DSi was intended to stimulate sales.", "The company was less concerned with releasing the DSi in other territories, where DS Lite market demand remained high.", "Development of a large DS Lite model in 2007 eventually led to the DSi XL.", "Nintendo had designed a large DS Lite model with screens, compared to the standard screens; development of this new handheld advanced far enough that it could have begun mass production.", "However, Iwata placed the project on hold due to consumer demand for the DS Lite and Wii.", "He later pitched the idea of simultaneously releasing large and small versions of the DSi instead, but Nintendo's hardware team was incapable of developing two models concurrently.", "After finishing work on the DSi, Kuwahara started the DSi XL project and became project leader.", "The DSi XL, a DSi model with screens, was announced on October 29, 2009.", "Various names for it were considered, including \"DSi Comfort\", \"DSi Executive\", \"DSi Premium\", \"DSi Living\", and \"DSi Deka\" (Japanese for \"large\").", "\"Mario\" creator Shigeru Miyamoto insisted on \"DSi Deka\".", "The handheld has an improved viewing angle over its predecessor, which allows onlookers to see the screen's contents more easily.", "This feature was absent from the large DS Lite model due to cost issues at the time, which also limited LCD screen size.", "The cost of LCD screens is determined by how many pieces are cut from a single large glass sheet.", "To keep these costs within a certain threshold, Nintendo set a screen size limit of approximately , which was later increased to .", "On November 1, 2008, the DSi was released in Japan; on April 2, 2009, in Australia and New Zealand, and on April 3 in Europe, all with a black and white casing.", "It launched in the United States and Canada on April 5, alongside the game \"Rhythm Heaven\".", "It was the first DS console to launch with multiple colors in North America—black and blue.", "iQue released a Chinese DSi model in black and white, with a pre-installed version of \"Nintendogs\", in December 2009; the \"Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun\" reported that the Chinese and Korean models featured improved security, to combat piracy.", "On April 15, 2010, the DSi was launched in South Korea in white, black, blue, and pink, alongside the game \"MapleStory DS\".", "\"MapleStory DS\" was also bundled with a red limited-edition DSi, which had characters from the game printed around its external camera.", "Other countries the DSi was released in include Brazil, Russia, and Turkey.", "Nintendo had shipped 200,000 units for the DSi's Japanese launch, and during its first two days on sale, over 170,000 units were sold—the remaining units were either unclaimed pre-orders or reserved for sale on Culture Day.", "By the end of the month, the DSi sold 535,000 units, in comparison to 550,000 DS Lites sold in its launch month.", "In the two-day launch period, Europe and North American sales totaled 600,000 units combined.", "North American first week sales almost doubled the DS Lite's 226,000 units by selling 435,000.", "In the UK, the console totaled 92,000 sales within two days of release, which GfK/Chart-Track data showed to be the fourth-best opening weekend ever in the region—higher than previous records set by other DS iterations.", "DSi launch events were held on the western and eastern coasts of the United States.", "Nintendo sponsored an official launch event at the Universal CityWalk in Los Angeles and the Nintendo World Store in New York City.", "The LA midnight launch party featured several events, including merchandise handouts, signings and art galleries from iam8bit, parkour demonstrations, and performances by Gym Class Heroes.", "Hundreds attended and over 150 stayed until midnight to purchase a unit at GameStop.", "A human-sized Lego DSi by artist Sean Kenney was on display at the Nintendo World Store.", "The Nintendo DSi XL was released in Japan on November 21, 2009, in bronze, burgundy, and white.", "The former two colors were available for its European launch on March 5, 2010, and its North American launch on March 28.", "The console launched in Australia on April 15, 2010, in bronze and burgundy.", "The DSi XL was released in other countries including Brazil, South Africa, and Turkey.", "Over 100,500 units were sold during the console's first two days on sale in Japan, and 141,000 units were sold during its first three days in the United States.", "The 2011 release of the Nintendo 3DS, the successor to the Nintendo DS series of handhelds, was announced on March 23, 2010, to preempt impending news leaks by the Japanese press and to attract potential attendees to the Electronic Entertainment Expo.", "According to industry analysts, the timing drew attention from the North American launch of the DSi XL.", "M2 Research senior analyst Billy Pigeon argued the \"XL is old news ... in Japan – and Nintendo is a very Japan-centric organization.", "This is just the corporate parent in Japan maybe not acting in the best interest of Nintendo of America.\"", "Iwata dismissed any significant impact when speaking to concerned investors, \"those who are eager to buy Nintendo 3DS right after the announcement generally tend to react quickly to anything new on the market, and those who are purchasing a Nintendo DS today tend to react relatively slowly.\"", "Nintendo targeted a wider demographic profile with the first Nintendo DS (2004) than it had with the Game Boy line.", "Comparing 2008 life-to-date DS and DS Lite sales to the best-selling game console, Sony's PlayStation 2, showed potential in further expanding the Nintendo DS gaming population—particularly in Europe and the United States.", "To further promote the product line while expanding its gaming population, Nintendo created the DSi.", "Iwata has said that families often share DS and DS Lite consoles, so to encourage each family member to buy an individual handheld, Nintendo added personalization features to the DSi.", "The \"i\" in DSi symbolizes both an individual person (I) and the handheld's cameras (eyes); the former meaning contrasts with the \"i\"'s in Wii, which represent players gathering together.", "Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aimé said, \"If Wii was about gaming for the masses, then think of DSi as creativity for the masses.\"", "Iwata has said that the DSi is meant to be a first camera for children, and a social networking device for adults.", "In response to media commentary following the DSi's announcement, Iwata insisted that its new audio and camera capabilities are not meant to compete with mobile phones, the iPod, or the PSP.", "He explained their role in the marketplace:\nThe DSi helped maintain strong sales for Nintendo's handheld product line.", "The DSi accounted for 40 percent of its product line's 2009 UK sales and frequently topped weekly sales charts in Japan during its first year of availability.", "In the United States, the console's initial three-month sales surpassed those of the DS, DS Lite, and Wii.", "Average weekly sales of the Wii and Nintendo DS declined slightly in March; Nintendo DS hardware sales stabilized at over 200,000 units for seven months after the DSi's April launch, while Wii sales diminished.", "Gamasutra estimated that, in October 2009 and February 2010, 50 percent of Nintendo DS unit sales were DSi consoles.", "In an October 2009 interview, Fils-Aimé announced that the DSi had sold 2.2 million units in the United States.", "He said, \"If you give the consumer great value in terms of what they pay, they're willing to spend, and we say [that] based on the experience of launching the DSi\".", "The United States had its highest yearly DS sales in 2009 with 11.22 million units sold.", "The DSi and DSi XL accounted for 16.88 million of the 27.11 million units sold worldwide of its product line for Nintendo's 2009 fiscal year beginning April 1, 2009 and ending March 31, 2010.", "In Gamasutra's United States hardware sales estimate for July 2010, the DSi and DSi XL each outsold the DS Lite.", "The website reported DSi sales of approximately 300,000 units in July 2009 and February 2010, which remains consistent for July 2010 if combined with DSi XL sales.", "As a result, the average price consumers were spending on the Nintendo DS hardware family rose to over $165 (in 2004 dollars, $ adjusted for inflation as of 2010), which is over $15 more than the November 2004 launch price of the original Nintendo DS.", "Nintendo made its first DSi price cuts in Europe on June 18, 2010, for DSi and DSi XL consoles in Japan on June 19, and in North America on September 12.", "The DSi and DSi XL accounted for 14.66 million of the 17.52 million units sold worldwide of its product line in fiscal year 2010.", "In a United States hardware sales estimate for July 2011 by Gamasutra following the DS Lite's price drop a month earlier, about 60 to 70 percent of approximately 290,000 DS units sold were DSi and DSi XL consoles.", "Lackluster 3DS sales forced Nintendo to drop its price to match the DSi XL in the United States on August 12.", "Japan and Europe had similar price reductions.", "Gamasutra speculated potential DS buyers in the United States opted for the 3DS as a result; DS sales for August 2011 decreased by 45 percent, while it combined with 3DS sales remained steady compared to the previous month.", "Nintendo made its second DSi and DSi XL price cuts in North America on May 20, 2012.", "Gamasutra called these price cuts the DS product line's \"final send-off\" and expects \"by this time next year its contributions to the market will be minuscule.", "After Christmas, Nintendo will effectively be a single-handheld system company, putting all of portable software efforts into the Nintendo 3DS.\"", "The Nintendo DSi's design is similar to that of the second DS iteration, the Nintendo DS Lite.", "It is approximately 12 percent shorter () than the Nintendo DS Lite when closed, but slightly wider and lighter.", "The DSi has two TFT-LCD screens— larger than those of previous models—that are capable of displaying 262,144 colors.", "The touch sensitive lower screen accepts input from the included stylus.", "The handheld features four lettered buttons (X, Y, A, B), a directional pad, and Start, Select, and Power buttons.", "Two shoulder buttons, a game card slot, and a power cable input are placed under the console's hinge.", "The included AC adapter (WAP-002) is not compatible with any previous DS model.", "Unlike previous models, the handheld has two VGA (0.3-megapixel) digital cameras.", "The first is on the internal hinge and points toward the user; the second is on the outer casing and faces away from the user.", "The SD card slot is also new, set behind a cover on the right side.", "While the DS Lite used a switch, the DSi, like the original Nintendo DS, features a button to power on or off.", "The button has extra functions and unlike the original's power button, it is located on the bottom-left side of the touchscreen.", "Brightness and volume controls are on the left side; five brightness settings—one more than on the DS Lite—are available.", "The headset port is on the bottom.", "The DSi has a matte surface to hide fingerprints.", "It is available in numerous colors, but color selection varies by region.", "For example, lime green is exclusive to Japan, while red is available in Europe and North America.", "North America also received a different shade of blue.", "Numerous special-edition models and bundles have been released, including those for \"Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth\", \"Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Echoes of Time\", and the 2009 Black Friday shopping day.", "The DSi has more RAM and a faster CPU than the DS Lite.", "Developers reported the console has a native mode, which runs software specifically designed for its hardware, access to the system's extra processing and memory resources.", "The inclusion of a codec integrated circuit (a microchip) amplifies sound signals and converts them from digital to analog.", "This increases audio output, and depending on the mode, higher audio quality.", "Unused space on the motherboard was removed; the CPU was relocated, and the battery housing was expanded.", "The camera's resolution is two-and-a-half times higher than the handheld's screens.", "However, their resolution is considerably lower than contemporaneous digital cameras and mobile phones.", "This was done to help keep their price reasonable and to maintain a preferable response time for viewing photos in quick session, particularity since numerous applications will use them.", "The Nintendo DSi XL features larger screens, and a greater overall size, than the original DSi.", "It is the fourth DS model, the first to be available as a pure size variation.", "Iwata said that cost restraints had, until then, limited the screen size and multiplayer aspects of portable game consoles, and that the DSi XL offers \"an improved view angle on the screens\", which makes it the first \"portable system that can be enjoyed with people surrounding the gamer.\"", "He argued that this introduces a new method of playing portable video games, wherein those \"surrounding the game player can also join in one way or the other to the gameplay.\"", "While the original DSi was specifically designed for individual use, Iwata suggested that DSi XL buyers give the console a \"steady place on a table in the living room,\" so that it might be shared by multiple household members.", "The DSi XL is the longest, widest and heaviest DS model.", "The console features two wide-viewing-angle LCD screens with the same resolution as the smaller model.", "It has improved battery life over the DSi on all brightness settings; for example, batteries last 13–17 hours at the dimmest setting.", "The handheld is outfitted with identical speakers contained in larger speaker enclosures, enabling them to produce louder sound.", "The hinges stop the screen at 120° in addition to the original DSi's position of 155° to allow easier table-top viewing.", "The DSi XL is bundled with two longer styli, one of which is thicker, rounded, and pen-like, and does not fit inside the unit.", "The DSi XL has a matte surface, and the exterior of its top panel is coated with a gloss finish.", "It is available in eight two-toned colors, varying by region such as white, green, red, yellow, and pink.", "Two special-edition models were released: those for \"LovePlus+\" and the 25th anniversary of \"Super Mario Bros.\" Flipnote Studio and the Nintendo DSi Browser come pre-installed with the DSi XL, alongside other, region-specific software.", "Like the Wii, the DSi has upgradeable firmware, and features a menu interface that displays applications as selectable icons.", "The seven primary icons represent the game card software, \"Nintendo DSi Camera\", \"Nintendo DSi Sound\", \"Nintendo DSi Shop\", \"DS Download Play\", \"PictoChat\", and \"system settings\"; additional applications may be downloaded from the DSi Shop.", "Icons are set in a single-row grid navigable with the stylus or D-pad, and may be re-arranged via drag-and-drop.", "The power button can either soft reset the console, returning it to the main menu, or shut it down.", "Game cards may be hot swapped when the console is set to the main menu, allowing players to switch game cards without shutting down.", "The DSi has more extensive multimedia features than previous models; AAC audio files from other devices, pictures, and downloadable software can be stored to an SD card.", "The latter two do not need external storage and can be stored internally.", "Before taking a photograph, users may modify the viewfinder's live image with ten \"lens\" options.", "Images captured can be uploaded to the Wii's Photo Channel, and, for consoles with the 1.4 firmware update or greater, to the social networking website Facebook.", "The built-in sound player has voice recording and music playback functionality.", "Voice recordings can be edited with audio filters and manipulated through pitch and playback.", "Users may save and modify up to 18 ten-second sound clips.", "These clips cannot be exported to an SD card.", "Users can play music from SD cards with visualizations displayed on the upper screen.", "AAC audio with .mp4, .m4a, or .3gp filename extensions are supported, but non-AAC formats, including MP3, are not supported.", "Sounds like drum beats and the classic \"Mario\" jumping noises can be added with button presses.", "Playing music also has its own set of manipulation options similar to those used for voice recordings, as well as a group of audio filters.", "Using headphones, music can be played when the case is closed.", "Users may export photos, sounds, and Internet settings to a 3DS.", "The Nintendo DSi connects to the Internet via either its built-in 802.11b/g Wi-Fi or a Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector; both methods grant access to the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service.", "The DSi supports WEP, WPA (AES/TKIP), and WPA2 (AES/TKIP) wireless encryption; only software with built-in support can use the latter two encryption types, as they were not supported by the DS and DS Lite.", "Up to six wireless Internet connection profiles can be saved; using the traditional setup method, the first three profiles support WEP encryption, while the remaining three are selectable under a more advanced option, which supports WPA encryption.", "Under this advanced option, users may access the Wi-Fi Protected Setup method and configure proxy settings.", "The DSi can automatically detect Nintendo Zone service areas thus preventing the need to manually setup Wi-Fi connections.", "The service offers demos of upcoming and currently available games, access to the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection and DSi Shop, and may have location-specific content.", "All DS games are compatible with the DSi, except those that require the GBA slot.", "Because of its absence, the DSi is not backward compatible with GBA Game Paks or with accessories that require the GBA slot, such as the Nintendo DS Rumble Pak and the \"Guitar Hero: On Tour\" series guitar grip.", "\"DSi-enhanced\" game cards contain DSi-exclusive features, but can still be used with earlier models; \"DSi-exclusive\" game cards cannot.", "The DSi is Nintendo's first region-locked handheld; it prevents using certain software released for another region.", "Due to regional differences in Internet services and parental controls, DSi-specific software is region locked.", "However, cartridge software compatible with previous models, Internet browsing, and photo sharing are not locked.", "Homebrew flash cards designed for previous DS models are incompatible with the DSi, but new cards capable of running DS software on a DSi were available.", "Like the Wii, the DSi can connect to an online store.", "The store, called the DSi Shop, allows users to download DSiWare games and applications, which are paid for with a Nintendo Points Prepaid Card (previously known as Wii Points Prepaid Card).", "Application prices follow a three-tiered pricing scheme.", "The service launched with the DSi Browser, a free web browser developed by Opera Software and Nintendo.", "A DSiWare trial campaign, whose expiration date varied by region, formerly offered 1,000 free Nintendo Points to each DSi that accesses the DSi Shop.", "Over 500 downloadable games were available, varying by region.", "Purchased DSiWare on DSi or DSi XL consoles cannot be transferred between units unless that console is repaired or replaced by Nintendo.", "Most DSiWare can be transferred to a 3DS, however saved data cannot.", "Nintendo Points became irredeemable on September 30, 2016, and the Nintendo DSi Shop was shut down on March 31, 2017.", "The Nintendo DSi received generally positive reviews.", "Critics praised many of the console's changes to the DS Lite's aesthetic and functionality, but complained that it launched with insufficient exclusive software.", "IGN's Craig Harris noted that the DSi-exclusive software library and DSi Shop were lacking in content even after five months on the Japanese market.", "Jeff Bakalar of CNET said that owners of the original DS should consider buying a DSi, but that its only incentive for DS Lite owners was the DSi Shop.", "\"PCWorld\" New Zealand's Jan Birkeland shared Bakalar's opinion, but believed that it was too early to judge the quality of DSi Shop software.", "Many critics were disappointed by the removal of the GBA cartridge slot, but some of them, such as \"PCWorld\"s Darren Gladstone, \"Bit-tech\"s Joe Martin, and IGN's Harris and Lowe, believed that it was a reasonable exchange for SD card support and the DSi Shop.", "However, Bakalar stated, \"We'd gladly give up the 4 millimeters [of reduced thickness] to be able to play any Game Boy Advance game.", "\"\nMost reviewers criticized the quality of its cameras, particularly due to their resolution in comparison to contemporaneous mobile phones.", "They considered them sufficient for the DSi's screens, however.", "Harris and Lowe believed that the camera's only use was to take \"silly pictures of yourself and others\".", "They complained about the difficulty of taking photographs in low-light environments, and said that low-light images were tinged green or blue.", "Opinions on the DSi's photograph-editing tools were varied: \"Bit-tech\"s Martin and Reid considered them to be a gimmick, but Bakalar and Cliff Edwards of \"BusinessWeek\" thought otherwise.", "Edwards said that the camera's use in gameplay was a new opportunity for developers; Martin did not think that the concept would be widely adopted, as he believed it to be \"a gimmick that would alienate", "[...]", "DS Lite owners\".", "Eurogamer's Tom Bramwell speculated that the DSi follows Game & Watch and Game Boy creator Gunpei Yokoi's philosophy of using dated technology developers are familiar with to introduce new game design concepts that are inexpensive enough for mass production at a profit.", "He argued its features are designed to \"briefly entertain\" early adopters while encouraging \"developers to consider it as an alternative [of the DS Lite]\" to build an attractive game library for the long term.", "Because of the DSi's additions to the DS Lite design, critics recommended the console to those who had not purchased a previous DS model.", "Pete Metzger of the \"Los Angeles Times\" considered the DSi to be \"more like version 2.5 than a total reboot\", but called its new features \"worthwhile additions to an already great product.\"", "Gladstone gave the DSi a score of 75/100, and said that Nintendo \"puts in smart nips and tucks to its already-svelte handheld while adding a raft of useful multimedia features.\"", "Harris and Lowe defined the console's hardware redesign as \"evolutionary\", rather than \"revolutionary\".", "After the DSi was unveiled, Goldman Sachs analyst Matthew J. Fassler called the DSi Shop a \"tangible early threat\" to big-box stores and retailers.", "Martin believed that the cameras and DSi Shop did not justify purchasing the DSi at launch, but, in line with the general consensus, saw potential in future software for the console.", "Douglas Rankine of \"Wired UK\" and McKinley Noble of \"GamePro\" thought previously existing Nintendo DS games were revitalized with the Nintendo DSi XL's larger screens; games like \"Scribblenauts\" and \"The World Ends with You\" benefited from increased touchscreen precision and increased legibility of text, respectively.", "CVG's Mike Jackson argued that the bigger screens, which made its unchanged resolution blockier, would probably be less noticeable to the older demographic for which the XL is undoubtedly designed.", "However, Jackson and IGN's Scott Lowe and Chris Burke agreed its clear and vivid colors considerably compensated for its unchanged resolution.", "Carol Mangis of \"PC Magazine\" thought families looking to share a handheld between members should consider a DSi XL, but the larger screens were not enough of an incentive for current DSi owners to upgrade.", "Lowe, Burke, Jackson, and Bakalar concluded the larger DSi model is not an essential upgrade; Jackson explained \"if you tend not to carry it out with you, and only ever tend to use it at home, then the DSi XL is the better choice\"." ]

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[ "The console launched in Japan on November 1, 2008, and worldwide beginning in April 2009." ]

[ "Development of the Nintendo DSi started at the end of 2006.", "It was the first time Masato Kuwahara of Nintendo's Development Engineering Department served as a hardware project leader.", "Work went at a quick pace to meet deadlines; his team had to devise a theme for the new DS in time for a late December presentation, and by February 2007, most specifications for a chipset had to be completed.", "Kuwahara reported that his team had difficulty determining the potential market for the handheld during the design process; he said of their goal, \"We have to be able to sell the console on its own [without games at launch].", "It also has to be able to meld into the already-existing DS market.\"", "The console's digital cameras were considered early in development: Nintendo president and Chief Executive Officer Satoru Iwata described the touchscreen as the Nintendo DS's sense of touch, and the microphone as its \"ears\"; a co-worker suggested that it should have \"eyes\".", "Kuwahara's team originally wanted one camera with a swivel mechanism, but this was abandoned due to concerns of reliability, cost, and the need of a thicker console.", "Owing to consumer demand, Nintendo also improved the handhelds' volume and audio quality and made it slimmer with larger screens compared to the Nintendo DS Lite.", "However, to improve portability without sacrificing durability, the GBA cartridge slot present on earlier models was removed.", "To compensate, Nintendo continued to support the DS Lite as long as there was consumer demand for it.", "The DSi's size was changed midway through development, delaying its release.", "Its original design included two DS game card slots, because of demand from both fan communities and Nintendo employees, which consequently made it larger.", "When the console's designs were unveiled to Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development producers in October 2007, it was met with lukewarm reception due to its size.", "However, Iwata and Kuwahara's own hopes resulted in the creation of a prototype.", "A quick hands-on investigation led them to abandon the dual-slot design, which made the DSi approximately slimmer.", "Ever since the handheld's in-company unveiling, its internal designs were finished along with assembly and durability specifications.", "Iwata described having to resize the console so close to manufacturing as being essentially the same as making another handheld.", "Yui Ehara, designer of the DS Lite and DSi's original casing, had to redesign the revised case.", "He advocated changing the six speaker apertures, as their circular perforations were redundant to the rest of the handheld's interface.", "He believed that this alteration also signaled a clearer distinction between the DSi and its predecessors while keeping the unit \"neat\" and \"simple\".", "Ehara hoped the DSi's added features would not interfere with his desired iconic image of the Nintendo DS product line: two rectangles, one on top of the other, with each half containing another rectangle inside.", "This model was publicly revealed at the October 2008 Nintendo Conference in Tokyo, along with its Japanese price and release date.", "While the DS product line's worldwide yearly sales figures consistently surpassed those of its primary market rival, Sony's PlayStation Portable, demand for it in Japan was decreasing; Nintendo's launch of the DSi was intended to stimulate sales.", "The company was less concerned with releasing the DSi in other territories, where DS Lite market demand remained high.", "Development of a large DS Lite model in 2007 eventually led to the DSi XL.", "Nintendo had designed a large DS Lite model with screens, compared to the standard screens; development of this new handheld advanced far enough that it could have begun mass production.", "However, Iwata placed the project on hold due to consumer demand for the DS Lite and Wii.", "He later pitched the idea of simultaneously releasing large and small versions of the DSi instead, but Nintendo's hardware team was incapable of developing two models concurrently.", "After finishing work on the DSi, Kuwahara started the DSi XL project and became project leader.", "The DSi XL, a DSi model with screens, was announced on October 29, 2009.", "Various names for it were considered, including \"DSi Comfort\", \"DSi Executive\", \"DSi Premium\", \"DSi Living\", and \"DSi Deka\" (Japanese for \"large\").", "\"Mario\" creator Shigeru Miyamoto insisted on \"DSi Deka\".", "The handheld has an improved viewing angle over its predecessor, which allows onlookers to see the screen's contents more easily.", "This feature was absent from the large DS Lite model due to cost issues at the time, which also limited LCD screen size.", "The cost of LCD screens is determined by how many pieces are cut from a single large glass sheet.", "To keep these costs within a certain threshold, Nintendo set a screen size limit of approximately , which was later increased to .", "On November 1, 2008, the DSi was released in Japan; on April 2, 2009, in Australia and New Zealand, and on April 3 in Europe, all with a black and white casing.", "It launched in the United States and Canada on April 5, alongside the game \"Rhythm Heaven\".", "It was the first DS console to launch with multiple colors in North America—black and blue.", "iQue released a Chinese DSi model in black and white, with a pre-installed version of \"Nintendogs\", in December 2009; the \"Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun\" reported that the Chinese and Korean models featured improved security, to combat piracy.", "On April 15, 2010, the DSi was launched in South Korea in white, black, blue, and pink, alongside the game \"MapleStory DS\".", "\"MapleStory DS\" was also bundled with a red limited-edition DSi, which had characters from the game printed around its external camera.", "Other countries the DSi was released in include Brazil, Russia, and Turkey.", "Nintendo had shipped 200,000 units for the DSi's Japanese launch, and during its first two days on sale, over 170,000 units were sold—the remaining units were either unclaimed pre-orders or reserved for sale on Culture Day.", "By the end of the month, the DSi sold 535,000 units, in comparison to 550,000 DS Lites sold in its launch month.", "In the two-day launch period, Europe and North American sales totaled 600,000 units combined.", "North American first week sales almost doubled the DS Lite's 226,000 units by selling 435,000.", "In the UK, the console totaled 92,000 sales within two days of release, which GfK/Chart-Track data showed to be the fourth-best opening weekend ever in the region—higher than previous records set by other DS iterations.", "DSi launch events were held on the western and eastern coasts of the United States.", "Nintendo sponsored an official launch event at the Universal CityWalk in Los Angeles and the Nintendo World Store in New York City.", "The LA midnight launch party featured several events, including merchandise handouts, signings and art galleries from iam8bit, parkour demonstrations, and performances by Gym Class Heroes.", "Hundreds attended and over 150 stayed until midnight to purchase a unit at GameStop.", "A human-sized Lego DSi by artist Sean Kenney was on display at the Nintendo World Store.", "The Nintendo DSi XL was released in Japan on November 21, 2009, in bronze, burgundy, and white.", "The former two colors were available for its European launch on March 5, 2010, and its North American launch on March 28.", "The console launched in Australia on April 15, 2010, in bronze and burgundy.", "The DSi XL was released in other countries including Brazil, South Africa, and Turkey.", "Over 100,500 units were sold during the console's first two days on sale in Japan, and 141,000 units were sold during its first three days in the United States.", "The 2011 release of the Nintendo 3DS, the successor to the Nintendo DS series of handhelds, was announced on March 23, 2010, to preempt impending news leaks by the Japanese press and to attract potential attendees to the Electronic Entertainment Expo.", "According to industry analysts, the timing drew attention from the North American launch of the DSi XL.", "M2 Research senior analyst Billy Pigeon argued the \"XL is old news ... in Japan – and Nintendo is a very Japan-centric organization.", "This is just the corporate parent in Japan maybe not acting in the best interest of Nintendo of America.\"", "Iwata dismissed any significant impact when speaking to concerned investors, \"those who are eager to buy Nintendo 3DS right after the announcement generally tend to react quickly to anything new on the market, and those who are purchasing a Nintendo DS today tend to react relatively slowly.\"", "Nintendo targeted a wider demographic profile with the first Nintendo DS (2004) than it had with the Game Boy line.", "Comparing 2008 life-to-date DS and DS Lite sales to the best-selling game console, Sony's PlayStation 2, showed potential in further expanding the Nintendo DS gaming population—particularly in Europe and the United States.", "To further promote the product line while expanding its gaming population, Nintendo created the DSi.", "Iwata has said that families often share DS and DS Lite consoles, so to encourage each family member to buy an individual handheld, Nintendo added personalization features to the DSi.", "The \"i\" in DSi symbolizes both an individual person (I) and the handheld's cameras (eyes); the former meaning contrasts with the \"i\"'s in Wii, which represent players gathering together.", "Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aimé said, \"If Wii was about gaming for the masses, then think of DSi as creativity for the masses.\"", "Iwata has said that the DSi is meant to be a first camera for children, and a social networking device for adults.", "In response to media commentary following the DSi's announcement, Iwata insisted that its new audio and camera capabilities are not meant to compete with mobile phones, the iPod, or the PSP.", "He explained their role in the marketplace:\nThe DSi helped maintain strong sales for Nintendo's handheld product line.", "The DSi accounted for 40 percent of its product line's 2009 UK sales and frequently topped weekly sales charts in Japan during its first year of availability.", "In the United States, the console's initial three-month sales surpassed those of the DS, DS Lite, and Wii.", "Average weekly sales of the Wii and Nintendo DS declined slightly in March; Nintendo DS hardware sales stabilized at over 200,000 units for seven months after the DSi's April launch, while Wii sales diminished.", "Gamasutra estimated that, in October 2009 and February 2010, 50 percent of Nintendo DS unit sales were DSi consoles.", "In an October 2009 interview, Fils-Aimé announced that the DSi had sold 2.2 million units in the United States.", "He said, \"If you give the consumer great value in terms of what they pay, they're willing to spend, and we say [that] based on the experience of launching the DSi\".", "The United States had its highest yearly DS sales in 2009 with 11.22 million units sold.", "The DSi and DSi XL accounted for 16.88 million of the 27.11 million units sold worldwide of its product line for Nintendo's 2009 fiscal year beginning April 1, 2009 and ending March 31, 2010.", "In Gamasutra's United States hardware sales estimate for July 2010, the DSi and DSi XL each outsold the DS Lite.", "The website reported DSi sales of approximately 300,000 units in July 2009 and February 2010, which remains consistent for July 2010 if combined with DSi XL sales.", "As a result, the average price consumers were spending on the Nintendo DS hardware family rose to over $165 (in 2004 dollars, $ adjusted for inflation as of 2010), which is over $15 more than the November 2004 launch price of the original Nintendo DS.", "Nintendo made its first DSi price cuts in Europe on June 18, 2010, for DSi and DSi XL consoles in Japan on June 19, and in North America on September 12.", "The DSi and DSi XL accounted for 14.66 million of the 17.52 million units sold worldwide of its product line in fiscal year 2010.", "In a United States hardware sales estimate for July 2011 by Gamasutra following the DS Lite's price drop a month earlier, about 60 to 70 percent of approximately 290,000 DS units sold were DSi and DSi XL consoles.", "Lackluster 3DS sales forced Nintendo to drop its price to match the DSi XL in the United States on August 12.", "Japan and Europe had similar price reductions.", "Gamasutra speculated potential DS buyers in the United States opted for the 3DS as a result; DS sales for August 2011 decreased by 45 percent, while it combined with 3DS sales remained steady compared to the previous month.", "Nintendo made its second DSi and DSi XL price cuts in North America on May 20, 2012.", "Gamasutra called these price cuts the DS product line's \"final send-off\" and expects \"by this time next year its contributions to the market will be minuscule.", "After Christmas, Nintendo will effectively be a single-handheld system company, putting all of portable software efforts into the Nintendo 3DS.\"", "The Nintendo DSi's design is similar to that of the second DS iteration, the Nintendo DS Lite.", "It is approximately 12 percent shorter () than the Nintendo DS Lite when closed, but slightly wider and lighter.", "The DSi has two TFT-LCD screens— larger than those of previous models—that are capable of displaying 262,144 colors.", "The touch sensitive lower screen accepts input from the included stylus.", "The handheld features four lettered buttons (X, Y, A, B), a directional pad, and Start, Select, and Power buttons.", "Two shoulder buttons, a game card slot, and a power cable input are placed under the console's hinge.", "The included AC adapter (WAP-002) is not compatible with any previous DS model.", "Unlike previous models, the handheld has two VGA (0.3-megapixel) digital cameras.", "The first is on the internal hinge and points toward the user; the second is on the outer casing and faces away from the user.", "The SD card slot is also new, set behind a cover on the right side.", "While the DS Lite used a switch, the DSi, like the original Nintendo DS, features a button to power on or off.", "The button has extra functions and unlike the original's power button, it is located on the bottom-left side of the touchscreen.", "Brightness and volume controls are on the left side; five brightness settings—one more than on the DS Lite—are available.", "The headset port is on the bottom.", "The DSi has a matte surface to hide fingerprints.", "It is available in numerous colors, but color selection varies by region.", "For example, lime green is exclusive to Japan, while red is available in Europe and North America.", "North America also received a different shade of blue.", "Numerous special-edition models and bundles have been released, including those for \"Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth\", \"Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Echoes of Time\", and the 2009 Black Friday shopping day.", "The DSi has more RAM and a faster CPU than the DS Lite.", "Developers reported the console has a native mode, which runs software specifically designed for its hardware, access to the system's extra processing and memory resources.", "The inclusion of a codec integrated circuit (a microchip) amplifies sound signals and converts them from digital to analog.", "This increases audio output, and depending on the mode, higher audio quality.", "Unused space on the motherboard was removed; the CPU was relocated, and the battery housing was expanded.", "The camera's resolution is two-and-a-half times higher than the handheld's screens.", "However, their resolution is considerably lower than contemporaneous digital cameras and mobile phones.", "This was done to help keep their price reasonable and to maintain a preferable response time for viewing photos in quick session, particularity since numerous applications will use them.", "The Nintendo DSi XL features larger screens, and a greater overall size, than the original DSi.", "It is the fourth DS model, the first to be available as a pure size variation.", "Iwata said that cost restraints had, until then, limited the screen size and multiplayer aspects of portable game consoles, and that the DSi XL offers \"an improved view angle on the screens\", which makes it the first \"portable system that can be enjoyed with people surrounding the gamer.\"", "He argued that this introduces a new method of playing portable video games, wherein those \"surrounding the game player can also join in one way or the other to the gameplay.\"", "While the original DSi was specifically designed for individual use, Iwata suggested that DSi XL buyers give the console a \"steady place on a table in the living room,\" so that it might be shared by multiple household members.", "The DSi XL is the longest, widest and heaviest DS model.", "The console features two wide-viewing-angle LCD screens with the same resolution as the smaller model.", "It has improved battery life over the DSi on all brightness settings; for example, batteries last 13–17 hours at the dimmest setting.", "The handheld is outfitted with identical speakers contained in larger speaker enclosures, enabling them to produce louder sound.", "The hinges stop the screen at 120° in addition to the original DSi's position of 155° to allow easier table-top viewing.", "The DSi XL is bundled with two longer styli, one of which is thicker, rounded, and pen-like, and does not fit inside the unit.", "The DSi XL has a matte surface, and the exterior of its top panel is coated with a gloss finish.", "It is available in eight two-toned colors, varying by region such as white, green, red, yellow, and pink.", "Two special-edition models were released: those for \"LovePlus+\" and the 25th anniversary of \"Super Mario Bros.\" Flipnote Studio and the Nintendo DSi Browser come pre-installed with the DSi XL, alongside other, region-specific software.", "Like the Wii, the DSi has upgradeable firmware, and features a menu interface that displays applications as selectable icons.", "The seven primary icons represent the game card software, \"Nintendo DSi Camera\", \"Nintendo DSi Sound\", \"Nintendo DSi Shop\", \"DS Download Play\", \"PictoChat\", and \"system settings\"; additional applications may be downloaded from the DSi Shop.", "Icons are set in a single-row grid navigable with the stylus or D-pad, and may be re-arranged via drag-and-drop.", "The power button can either soft reset the console, returning it to the main menu, or shut it down.", "Game cards may be hot swapped when the console is set to the main menu, allowing players to switch game cards without shutting down.", "The DSi has more extensive multimedia features than previous models; AAC audio files from other devices, pictures, and downloadable software can be stored to an SD card.", "The latter two do not need external storage and can be stored internally.", "Before taking a photograph, users may modify the viewfinder's live image with ten \"lens\" options.", "Images captured can be uploaded to the Wii's Photo Channel, and, for consoles with the 1.4 firmware update or greater, to the social networking website Facebook.", "The built-in sound player has voice recording and music playback functionality.", "Voice recordings can be edited with audio filters and manipulated through pitch and playback.", "Users may save and modify up to 18 ten-second sound clips.", "These clips cannot be exported to an SD card.", "Users can play music from SD cards with visualizations displayed on the upper screen.", "AAC audio with .mp4, .m4a, or .3gp filename extensions are supported, but non-AAC formats, including MP3, are not supported.", "Sounds like drum beats and the classic \"Mario\" jumping noises can be added with button presses.", "Playing music also has its own set of manipulation options similar to those used for voice recordings, as well as a group of audio filters.", "Using headphones, music can be played when the case is closed.", "Users may export photos, sounds, and Internet settings to a 3DS.", "The Nintendo DSi connects to the Internet via either its built-in 802.11b/g Wi-Fi or a Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector; both methods grant access to the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service.", "The DSi supports WEP, WPA (AES/TKIP), and WPA2 (AES/TKIP) wireless encryption; only software with built-in support can use the latter two encryption types, as they were not supported by the DS and DS Lite.", "Up to six wireless Internet connection profiles can be saved; using the traditional setup method, the first three profiles support WEP encryption, while the remaining three are selectable under a more advanced option, which supports WPA encryption.", "Under this advanced option, users may access the Wi-Fi Protected Setup method and configure proxy settings.", "The DSi can automatically detect Nintendo Zone service areas thus preventing the need to manually setup Wi-Fi connections.", "The service offers demos of upcoming and currently available games, access to the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection and DSi Shop, and may have location-specific content.", "All DS games are compatible with the DSi, except those that require the GBA slot.", "Because of its absence, the DSi is not backward compatible with GBA Game Paks or with accessories that require the GBA slot, such as the Nintendo DS Rumble Pak and the \"Guitar Hero: On Tour\" series guitar grip.", "\"DSi-enhanced\" game cards contain DSi-exclusive features, but can still be used with earlier models; \"DSi-exclusive\" game cards cannot.", "The DSi is Nintendo's first region-locked handheld; it prevents using certain software released for another region.", "Due to regional differences in Internet services and parental controls, DSi-specific software is region locked.", "However, cartridge software compatible with previous models, Internet browsing, and photo sharing are not locked.", "Homebrew flash cards designed for previous DS models are incompatible with the DSi, but new cards capable of running DS software on a DSi were available.", "Like the Wii, the DSi can connect to an online store.", "The store, called the DSi Shop, allows users to download DSiWare games and applications, which are paid for with a Nintendo Points Prepaid Card (previously known as Wii Points Prepaid Card).", "Application prices follow a three-tiered pricing scheme.", "The service launched with the DSi Browser, a free web browser developed by Opera Software and Nintendo.", "A DSiWare trial campaign, whose expiration date varied by region, formerly offered 1,000 free Nintendo Points to each DSi that accesses the DSi Shop.", "Over 500 downloadable games were available, varying by region.", "Purchased DSiWare on DSi or DSi XL consoles cannot be transferred between units unless that console is repaired or replaced by Nintendo.", "Most DSiWare can be transferred to a 3DS, however saved data cannot.", "Nintendo Points became irredeemable on September 30, 2016, and the Nintendo DSi Shop was shut down on March 31, 2017.", "The Nintendo DSi received generally positive reviews.", "Critics praised many of the console's changes to the DS Lite's aesthetic and functionality, but complained that it launched with insufficient exclusive software.", "IGN's Craig Harris noted that the DSi-exclusive software library and DSi Shop were lacking in content even after five months on the Japanese market.", "Jeff Bakalar of CNET said that owners of the original DS should consider buying a DSi, but that its only incentive for DS Lite owners was the DSi Shop.", "\"PCWorld\" New Zealand's Jan Birkeland shared Bakalar's opinion, but believed that it was too early to judge the quality of DSi Shop software.", "Many critics were disappointed by the removal of the GBA cartridge slot, but some of them, such as \"PCWorld\"s Darren Gladstone, \"Bit-tech\"s Joe Martin, and IGN's Harris and Lowe, believed that it was a reasonable exchange for SD card support and the DSi Shop.", "However, Bakalar stated, \"We'd gladly give up the 4 millimeters [of reduced thickness] to be able to play any Game Boy Advance game.", "\"\nMost reviewers criticized the quality of its cameras, particularly due to their resolution in comparison to contemporaneous mobile phones.", "They considered them sufficient for the DSi's screens, however.", "Harris and Lowe believed that the camera's only use was to take \"silly pictures of yourself and others\".", "They complained about the difficulty of taking photographs in low-light environments, and said that low-light images were tinged green or blue.", "Opinions on the DSi's photograph-editing tools were varied: \"Bit-tech\"s Martin and Reid considered them to be a gimmick, but Bakalar and Cliff Edwards of \"BusinessWeek\" thought otherwise.", "Edwards said that the camera's use in gameplay was a new opportunity for developers; Martin did not think that the concept would be widely adopted, as he believed it to be \"a gimmick that would alienate", "[...]", "DS Lite owners\".", "Eurogamer's Tom Bramwell speculated that the DSi follows Game & Watch and Game Boy creator Gunpei Yokoi's philosophy of using dated technology developers are familiar with to introduce new game design concepts that are inexpensive enough for mass production at a profit.", "He argued its features are designed to \"briefly entertain\" early adopters while encouraging \"developers to consider it as an alternative [of the DS Lite]\" to build an attractive game library for the long term.", "Because of the DSi's additions to the DS Lite design, critics recommended the console to those who had not purchased a previous DS model.", "Pete Metzger of the \"Los Angeles Times\" considered the DSi to be \"more like version 2.5 than a total reboot\", but called its new features \"worthwhile additions to an already great product.\"", "Gladstone gave the DSi a score of 75/100, and said that Nintendo \"puts in smart nips and tucks to its already-svelte handheld while adding a raft of useful multimedia features.\"", "Harris and Lowe defined the console's hardware redesign as \"evolutionary\", rather than \"revolutionary\".", "After the DSi was unveiled, Goldman Sachs analyst Matthew J. Fassler called the DSi Shop a \"tangible early threat\" to big-box stores and retailers.", "Martin believed that the cameras and DSi Shop did not justify purchasing the DSi at launch, but, in line with the general consensus, saw potential in future software for the console.", "Douglas Rankine of \"Wired UK\" and McKinley Noble of \"GamePro\" thought previously existing Nintendo DS games were revitalized with the Nintendo DSi XL's larger screens; games like \"Scribblenauts\" and \"The World Ends with You\" benefited from increased touchscreen precision and increased legibility of text, respectively.", "CVG's Mike Jackson argued that the bigger screens, which made its unchanged resolution blockier, would probably be less noticeable to the older demographic for which the XL is undoubtedly designed.", "However, Jackson and IGN's Scott Lowe and Chris Burke agreed its clear and vivid colors considerably compensated for its unchanged resolution.", "Carol Mangis of \"PC Magazine\" thought families looking to share a handheld between members should consider a DSi XL, but the larger screens were not enough of an incentive for current DSi owners to upgrade.", "Lowe, Burke, Jackson, and Bakalar concluded the larger DSi model is not an essential upgrade; Jackson explained \"if you tend not to carry it out with you, and only ever tend to use it at home, then the DSi XL is the better choice\"." ]

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[ "The console launched in Japan on November 1, 2008, and worldwide beginning in April 2009.", "Nintendo stated that families often share DS and DS Lite consoles.", "Nintendo had sold over 41 million DSi and DSi XL units combined." ]

[ "Development of the Nintendo DSi started at the end of 2006.", "It was the first time Masato Kuwahara of Nintendo's Development Engineering Department served as a hardware project leader.", "Work went at a quick pace to meet deadlines; his team had to devise a theme for the new DS in time for a late December presentation, and by February 2007, most specifications for a chipset had to be completed.", "Kuwahara reported that his team had difficulty determining the potential market for the handheld during the design process; he said of their goal, \"We have to be able to sell the console on its own [without games at launch].", "It also has to be able to meld into the already-existing DS market.\"", "The console's digital cameras were considered early in development: Nintendo president and Chief Executive Officer Satoru Iwata described the touchscreen as the Nintendo DS's sense of touch, and the microphone as its \"ears\"; a co-worker suggested that it should have \"eyes\".", "Kuwahara's team originally wanted one camera with a swivel mechanism, but this was abandoned due to concerns of reliability, cost, and the need of a thicker console.", "Owing to consumer demand, Nintendo also improved the handhelds' volume and audio quality and made it slimmer with larger screens compared to the Nintendo DS Lite.", "However, to improve portability without sacrificing durability, the GBA cartridge slot present on earlier models was removed.", "To compensate, Nintendo continued to support the DS Lite as long as there was consumer demand for it.", "The DSi's size was changed midway through development, delaying its release.", "Its original design included two DS game card slots, because of demand from both fan communities and Nintendo employees, which consequently made it larger.", "When the console's designs were unveiled to Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development producers in October 2007, it was met with lukewarm reception due to its size.", "However, Iwata and Kuwahara's own hopes resulted in the creation of a prototype.", "A quick hands-on investigation led them to abandon the dual-slot design, which made the DSi approximately slimmer.", "Ever since the handheld's in-company unveiling, its internal designs were finished along with assembly and durability specifications.", "Iwata described having to resize the console so close to manufacturing as being essentially the same as making another handheld.", "Yui Ehara, designer of the DS Lite and DSi's original casing, had to redesign the revised case.", "He advocated changing the six speaker apertures, as their circular perforations were redundant to the rest of the handheld's interface.", "He believed that this alteration also signaled a clearer distinction between the DSi and its predecessors while keeping the unit \"neat\" and \"simple\".", "Ehara hoped the DSi's added features would not interfere with his desired iconic image of the Nintendo DS product line: two rectangles, one on top of the other, with each half containing another rectangle inside.", "This model was publicly revealed at the October 2008 Nintendo Conference in Tokyo, along with its Japanese price and release date.", "While the DS product line's worldwide yearly sales figures consistently surpassed those of its primary market rival, Sony's PlayStation Portable, demand for it in Japan was decreasing; Nintendo's launch of the DSi was intended to stimulate sales.", "The company was less concerned with releasing the DSi in other territories, where DS Lite market demand remained high.", "Development of a large DS Lite model in 2007 eventually led to the DSi XL.", "Nintendo had designed a large DS Lite model with screens, compared to the standard screens; development of this new handheld advanced far enough that it could have begun mass production.", "However, Iwata placed the project on hold due to consumer demand for the DS Lite and Wii.", "He later pitched the idea of simultaneously releasing large and small versions of the DSi instead, but Nintendo's hardware team was incapable of developing two models concurrently.", "After finishing work on the DSi, Kuwahara started the DSi XL project and became project leader.", "The DSi XL, a DSi model with screens, was announced on October 29, 2009.", "Various names for it were considered, including \"DSi Comfort\", \"DSi Executive\", \"DSi Premium\", \"DSi Living\", and \"DSi Deka\" (Japanese for \"large\").", "\"Mario\" creator Shigeru Miyamoto insisted on \"DSi Deka\".", "The handheld has an improved viewing angle over its predecessor, which allows onlookers to see the screen's contents more easily.", "This feature was absent from the large DS Lite model due to cost issues at the time, which also limited LCD screen size.", "The cost of LCD screens is determined by how many pieces are cut from a single large glass sheet.", "To keep these costs within a certain threshold, Nintendo set a screen size limit of approximately , which was later increased to .", "On November 1, 2008, the DSi was released in Japan; on April 2, 2009, in Australia and New Zealand, and on April 3 in Europe, all with a black and white casing.", "It launched in the United States and Canada on April 5, alongside the game \"Rhythm Heaven\".", "It was the first DS console to launch with multiple colors in North America—black and blue.", "iQue released a Chinese DSi model in black and white, with a pre-installed version of \"Nintendogs\", in December 2009; the \"Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun\" reported that the Chinese and Korean models featured improved security, to combat piracy.", "On April 15, 2010, the DSi was launched in South Korea in white, black, blue, and pink, alongside the game \"MapleStory DS\".", "\"MapleStory DS\" was also bundled with a red limited-edition DSi, which had characters from the game printed around its external camera.", "Other countries the DSi was released in include Brazil, Russia, and Turkey.", "Nintendo had shipped 200,000 units for the DSi's Japanese launch, and during its first two days on sale, over 170,000 units were sold—the remaining units were either unclaimed pre-orders or reserved for sale on Culture Day.", "By the end of the month, the DSi sold 535,000 units, in comparison to 550,000 DS Lites sold in its launch month.", "In the two-day launch period, Europe and North American sales totaled 600,000 units combined.", "North American first week sales almost doubled the DS Lite's 226,000 units by selling 435,000.", "In the UK, the console totaled 92,000 sales within two days of release, which GfK/Chart-Track data showed to be the fourth-best opening weekend ever in the region—higher than previous records set by other DS iterations.", "DSi launch events were held on the western and eastern coasts of the United States.", "Nintendo sponsored an official launch event at the Universal CityWalk in Los Angeles and the Nintendo World Store in New York City.", "The LA midnight launch party featured several events, including merchandise handouts, signings and art galleries from iam8bit, parkour demonstrations, and performances by Gym Class Heroes.", "Hundreds attended and over 150 stayed until midnight to purchase a unit at GameStop.", "A human-sized Lego DSi by artist Sean Kenney was on display at the Nintendo World Store.", "The Nintendo DSi XL was released in Japan on November 21, 2009, in bronze, burgundy, and white.", "The former two colors were available for its European launch on March 5, 2010, and its North American launch on March 28.", "The console launched in Australia on April 15, 2010, in bronze and burgundy.", "The DSi XL was released in other countries including Brazil, South Africa, and Turkey.", "Over 100,500 units were sold during the console's first two days on sale in Japan, and 141,000 units were sold during its first three days in the United States.", "The 2011 release of the Nintendo 3DS, the successor to the Nintendo DS series of handhelds, was announced on March 23, 2010, to preempt impending news leaks by the Japanese press and to attract potential attendees to the Electronic Entertainment Expo.", "According to industry analysts, the timing drew attention from the North American launch of the DSi XL.", "M2 Research senior analyst Billy Pigeon argued the \"XL is old news ... in Japan – and Nintendo is a very Japan-centric organization.", "This is just the corporate parent in Japan maybe not acting in the best interest of Nintendo of America.\"", "Iwata dismissed any significant impact when speaking to concerned investors, \"those who are eager to buy Nintendo 3DS right after the announcement generally tend to react quickly to anything new on the market, and those who are purchasing a Nintendo DS today tend to react relatively slowly.\"", "Nintendo targeted a wider demographic profile with the first Nintendo DS (2004) than it had with the Game Boy line.", "Comparing 2008 life-to-date DS and DS Lite sales to the best-selling game console, Sony's PlayStation 2, showed potential in further expanding the Nintendo DS gaming population—particularly in Europe and the United States.", "To further promote the product line while expanding its gaming population, Nintendo created the DSi.", "Iwata has said that families often share DS and DS Lite consoles, so to encourage each family member to buy an individual handheld, Nintendo added personalization features to the DSi.", "The \"i\" in DSi symbolizes both an individual person (I) and the handheld's cameras (eyes); the former meaning contrasts with the \"i\"'s in Wii, which represent players gathering together.", "Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aimé said, \"If Wii was about gaming for the masses, then think of DSi as creativity for the masses.\"", "Iwata has said that the DSi is meant to be a first camera for children, and a social networking device for adults.", "In response to media commentary following the DSi's announcement, Iwata insisted that its new audio and camera capabilities are not meant to compete with mobile phones, the iPod, or the PSP.", "He explained their role in the marketplace:\nThe DSi helped maintain strong sales for Nintendo's handheld product line.", "The DSi accounted for 40 percent of its product line's 2009 UK sales and frequently topped weekly sales charts in Japan during its first year of availability.", "In the United States, the console's initial three-month sales surpassed those of the DS, DS Lite, and Wii.", "Average weekly sales of the Wii and Nintendo DS declined slightly in March; Nintendo DS hardware sales stabilized at over 200,000 units for seven months after the DSi's April launch, while Wii sales diminished.", "Gamasutra estimated that, in October 2009 and February 2010, 50 percent of Nintendo DS unit sales were DSi consoles.", "In an October 2009 interview, Fils-Aimé announced that the DSi had sold 2.2 million units in the United States.", "He said, \"If you give the consumer great value in terms of what they pay, they're willing to spend, and we say [that] based on the experience of launching the DSi\".", "The United States had its highest yearly DS sales in 2009 with 11.22 million units sold.", "The DSi and DSi XL accounted for 16.88 million of the 27.11 million units sold worldwide of its product line for Nintendo's 2009 fiscal year beginning April 1, 2009 and ending March 31, 2010.", "In Gamasutra's United States hardware sales estimate for July 2010, the DSi and DSi XL each outsold the DS Lite.", "The website reported DSi sales of approximately 300,000 units in July 2009 and February 2010, which remains consistent for July 2010 if combined with DSi XL sales.", "As a result, the average price consumers were spending on the Nintendo DS hardware family rose to over $165 (in 2004 dollars, $ adjusted for inflation as of 2010), which is over $15 more than the November 2004 launch price of the original Nintendo DS.", "Nintendo made its first DSi price cuts in Europe on June 18, 2010, for DSi and DSi XL consoles in Japan on June 19, and in North America on September 12.", "The DSi and DSi XL accounted for 14.66 million of the 17.52 million units sold worldwide of its product line in fiscal year 2010.", "In a United States hardware sales estimate for July 2011 by Gamasutra following the DS Lite's price drop a month earlier, about 60 to 70 percent of approximately 290,000 DS units sold were DSi and DSi XL consoles.", "Lackluster 3DS sales forced Nintendo to drop its price to match the DSi XL in the United States on August 12.", "Japan and Europe had similar price reductions.", "Gamasutra speculated potential DS buyers in the United States opted for the 3DS as a result; DS sales for August 2011 decreased by 45 percent, while it combined with 3DS sales remained steady compared to the previous month.", "Nintendo made its second DSi and DSi XL price cuts in North America on May 20, 2012.", "Gamasutra called these price cuts the DS product line's \"final send-off\" and expects \"by this time next year its contributions to the market will be minuscule.", "After Christmas, Nintendo will effectively be a single-handheld system company, putting all of portable software efforts into the Nintendo 3DS.\"", "The Nintendo DSi's design is similar to that of the second DS iteration, the Nintendo DS Lite.", "It is approximately 12 percent shorter () than the Nintendo DS Lite when closed, but slightly wider and lighter.", "The DSi has two TFT-LCD screens— larger than those of previous models—that are capable of displaying 262,144 colors.", "The touch sensitive lower screen accepts input from the included stylus.", "The handheld features four lettered buttons (X, Y, A, B), a directional pad, and Start, Select, and Power buttons.", "Two shoulder buttons, a game card slot, and a power cable input are placed under the console's hinge.", "The included AC adapter (WAP-002) is not compatible with any previous DS model.", "Unlike previous models, the handheld has two VGA (0.3-megapixel) digital cameras.", "The first is on the internal hinge and points toward the user; the second is on the outer casing and faces away from the user.", "The SD card slot is also new, set behind a cover on the right side.", "While the DS Lite used a switch, the DSi, like the original Nintendo DS, features a button to power on or off.", "The button has extra functions and unlike the original's power button, it is located on the bottom-left side of the touchscreen.", "Brightness and volume controls are on the left side; five brightness settings—one more than on the DS Lite—are available.", "The headset port is on the bottom.", "The DSi has a matte surface to hide fingerprints.", "It is available in numerous colors, but color selection varies by region.", "For example, lime green is exclusive to Japan, while red is available in Europe and North America.", "North America also received a different shade of blue.", "Numerous special-edition models and bundles have been released, including those for \"Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth\", \"Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Echoes of Time\", and the 2009 Black Friday shopping day.", "The DSi has more RAM and a faster CPU than the DS Lite.", "Developers reported the console has a native mode, which runs software specifically designed for its hardware, access to the system's extra processing and memory resources.", "The inclusion of a codec integrated circuit (a microchip) amplifies sound signals and converts them from digital to analog.", "This increases audio output, and depending on the mode, higher audio quality.", "Unused space on the motherboard was removed; the CPU was relocated, and the battery housing was expanded.", "The camera's resolution is two-and-a-half times higher than the handheld's screens.", "However, their resolution is considerably lower than contemporaneous digital cameras and mobile phones.", "This was done to help keep their price reasonable and to maintain a preferable response time for viewing photos in quick session, particularity since numerous applications will use them.", "The Nintendo DSi XL features larger screens, and a greater overall size, than the original DSi.", "It is the fourth DS model, the first to be available as a pure size variation.", "Iwata said that cost restraints had, until then, limited the screen size and multiplayer aspects of portable game consoles, and that the DSi XL offers \"an improved view angle on the screens\", which makes it the first \"portable system that can be enjoyed with people surrounding the gamer.\"", "He argued that this introduces a new method of playing portable video games, wherein those \"surrounding the game player can also join in one way or the other to the gameplay.\"", "While the original DSi was specifically designed for individual use, Iwata suggested that DSi XL buyers give the console a \"steady place on a table in the living room,\" so that it might be shared by multiple household members.", "The DSi XL is the longest, widest and heaviest DS model.", "The console features two wide-viewing-angle LCD screens with the same resolution as the smaller model.", "It has improved battery life over the DSi on all brightness settings; for example, batteries last 13–17 hours at the dimmest setting.", "The handheld is outfitted with identical speakers contained in larger speaker enclosures, enabling them to produce louder sound.", "The hinges stop the screen at 120° in addition to the original DSi's position of 155° to allow easier table-top viewing.", "The DSi XL is bundled with two longer styli, one of which is thicker, rounded, and pen-like, and does not fit inside the unit.", "The DSi XL has a matte surface, and the exterior of its top panel is coated with a gloss finish.", "It is available in eight two-toned colors, varying by region such as white, green, red, yellow, and pink.", "Two special-edition models were released: those for \"LovePlus+\" and the 25th anniversary of \"Super Mario Bros.\" Flipnote Studio and the Nintendo DSi Browser come pre-installed with the DSi XL, alongside other, region-specific software.", "Like the Wii, the DSi has upgradeable firmware, and features a menu interface that displays applications as selectable icons.", "The seven primary icons represent the game card software, \"Nintendo DSi Camera\", \"Nintendo DSi Sound\", \"Nintendo DSi Shop\", \"DS Download Play\", \"PictoChat\", and \"system settings\"; additional applications may be downloaded from the DSi Shop.", "Icons are set in a single-row grid navigable with the stylus or D-pad, and may be re-arranged via drag-and-drop.", "The power button can either soft reset the console, returning it to the main menu, or shut it down.", "Game cards may be hot swapped when the console is set to the main menu, allowing players to switch game cards without shutting down.", "The DSi has more extensive multimedia features than previous models; AAC audio files from other devices, pictures, and downloadable software can be stored to an SD card.", "The latter two do not need external storage and can be stored internally.", "Before taking a photograph, users may modify the viewfinder's live image with ten \"lens\" options.", "Images captured can be uploaded to the Wii's Photo Channel, and, for consoles with the 1.4 firmware update or greater, to the social networking website Facebook.", "The built-in sound player has voice recording and music playback functionality.", "Voice recordings can be edited with audio filters and manipulated through pitch and playback.", "Users may save and modify up to 18 ten-second sound clips.", "These clips cannot be exported to an SD card.", "Users can play music from SD cards with visualizations displayed on the upper screen.", "AAC audio with .mp4, .m4a, or .3gp filename extensions are supported, but non-AAC formats, including MP3, are not supported.", "Sounds like drum beats and the classic \"Mario\" jumping noises can be added with button presses.", "Playing music also has its own set of manipulation options similar to those used for voice recordings, as well as a group of audio filters.", "Using headphones, music can be played when the case is closed.", "Users may export photos, sounds, and Internet settings to a 3DS.", "The Nintendo DSi connects to the Internet via either its built-in 802.11b/g Wi-Fi or a Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector; both methods grant access to the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service.", "The DSi supports WEP, WPA (AES/TKIP), and WPA2 (AES/TKIP) wireless encryption; only software with built-in support can use the latter two encryption types, as they were not supported by the DS and DS Lite.", "Up to six wireless Internet connection profiles can be saved; using the traditional setup method, the first three profiles support WEP encryption, while the remaining three are selectable under a more advanced option, which supports WPA encryption.", "Under this advanced option, users may access the Wi-Fi Protected Setup method and configure proxy settings.", "The DSi can automatically detect Nintendo Zone service areas thus preventing the need to manually setup Wi-Fi connections.", "The service offers demos of upcoming and currently available games, access to the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection and DSi Shop, and may have location-specific content.", "All DS games are compatible with the DSi, except those that require the GBA slot.", "Because of its absence, the DSi is not backward compatible with GBA Game Paks or with accessories that require the GBA slot, such as the Nintendo DS Rumble Pak and the \"Guitar Hero: On Tour\" series guitar grip.", "\"DSi-enhanced\" game cards contain DSi-exclusive features, but can still be used with earlier models; \"DSi-exclusive\" game cards cannot.", "The DSi is Nintendo's first region-locked handheld; it prevents using certain software released for another region.", "Due to regional differences in Internet services and parental controls, DSi-specific software is region locked.", "However, cartridge software compatible with previous models, Internet browsing, and photo sharing are not locked.", "Homebrew flash cards designed for previous DS models are incompatible with the DSi, but new cards capable of running DS software on a DSi were available.", "Like the Wii, the DSi can connect to an online store.", "The store, called the DSi Shop, allows users to download DSiWare games and applications, which are paid for with a Nintendo Points Prepaid Card (previously known as Wii Points Prepaid Card).", "Application prices follow a three-tiered pricing scheme.", "The service launched with the DSi Browser, a free web browser developed by Opera Software and Nintendo.", "A DSiWare trial campaign, whose expiration date varied by region, formerly offered 1,000 free Nintendo Points to each DSi that accesses the DSi Shop.", "Over 500 downloadable games were available, varying by region.", "Purchased DSiWare on DSi or DSi XL consoles cannot be transferred between units unless that console is repaired or replaced by Nintendo.", "Most DSiWare can be transferred to a 3DS, however saved data cannot.", "Nintendo Points became irredeemable on September 30, 2016, and the Nintendo DSi Shop was shut down on March 31, 2017.", "The Nintendo DSi received generally positive reviews.", "Critics praised many of the console's changes to the DS Lite's aesthetic and functionality, but complained that it launched with insufficient exclusive software.", "IGN's Craig Harris noted that the DSi-exclusive software library and DSi Shop were lacking in content even after five months on the Japanese market.", "Jeff Bakalar of CNET said that owners of the original DS should consider buying a DSi, but that its only incentive for DS Lite owners was the DSi Shop.", "\"PCWorld\" New Zealand's Jan Birkeland shared Bakalar's opinion, but believed that it was too early to judge the quality of DSi Shop software.", "Many critics were disappointed by the removal of the GBA cartridge slot, but some of them, such as \"PCWorld\"s Darren Gladstone, \"Bit-tech\"s Joe Martin, and IGN's Harris and Lowe, believed that it was a reasonable exchange for SD card support and the DSi Shop.", "However, Bakalar stated, \"We'd gladly give up the 4 millimeters [of reduced thickness] to be able to play any Game Boy Advance game.", "\"\nMost reviewers criticized the quality of its cameras, particularly due to their resolution in comparison to contemporaneous mobile phones.", "They considered them sufficient for the DSi's screens, however.", "Harris and Lowe believed that the camera's only use was to take \"silly pictures of yourself and others\".", "They complained about the difficulty of taking photographs in low-light environments, and said that low-light images were tinged green or blue.", "Opinions on the DSi's photograph-editing tools were varied: \"Bit-tech\"s Martin and Reid considered them to be a gimmick, but Bakalar and Cliff Edwards of \"BusinessWeek\" thought otherwise.", "Edwards said that the camera's use in gameplay was a new opportunity for developers; Martin did not think that the concept would be widely adopted, as he believed it to be \"a gimmick that would alienate", "[...]", "DS Lite owners\".", "Eurogamer's Tom Bramwell speculated that the DSi follows Game & Watch and Game Boy creator Gunpei Yokoi's philosophy of using dated technology developers are familiar with to introduce new game design concepts that are inexpensive enough for mass production at a profit.", "He argued its features are designed to \"briefly entertain\" early adopters while encouraging \"developers to consider it as an alternative [of the DS Lite]\" to build an attractive game library for the long term.", "Because of the DSi's additions to the DS Lite design, critics recommended the console to those who had not purchased a previous DS model.", "Pete Metzger of the \"Los Angeles Times\" considered the DSi to be \"more like version 2.5 than a total reboot\", but called its new features \"worthwhile additions to an already great product.\"", "Gladstone gave the DSi a score of 75/100, and said that Nintendo \"puts in smart nips and tucks to its already-svelte handheld while adding a raft of useful multimedia features.\"", "Harris and Lowe defined the console's hardware redesign as \"evolutionary\", rather than \"revolutionary\".", "After the DSi was unveiled, Goldman Sachs analyst Matthew J. Fassler called the DSi Shop a \"tangible early threat\" to big-box stores and retailers.", "Martin believed that the cameras and DSi Shop did not justify purchasing the DSi at launch, but, in line with the general consensus, saw potential in future software for the console.", "Douglas Rankine of \"Wired UK\" and McKinley Noble of \"GamePro\" thought previously existing Nintendo DS games were revitalized with the Nintendo DSi XL's larger screens; games like \"Scribblenauts\" and \"The World Ends with You\" benefited from increased touchscreen precision and increased legibility of text, respectively.", "CVG's Mike Jackson argued that the bigger screens, which made its unchanged resolution blockier, would probably be less noticeable to the older demographic for which the XL is undoubtedly designed.", "However, Jackson and IGN's Scott Lowe and Chris Burke agreed its clear and vivid colors considerably compensated for its unchanged resolution.", "Carol Mangis of \"PC Magazine\" thought families looking to share a handheld between members should consider a DSi XL, but the larger screens were not enough of an incentive for current DSi owners to upgrade.", "Lowe, Burke, Jackson, and Bakalar concluded the larger DSi model is not an essential upgrade; Jackson explained \"if you tend not to carry it out with you, and only ever tend to use it at home, then the DSi XL is the better choice\"." ]

[ 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173 ]

[ "The only exception to its backward compatibility are earlier DS games that required the GBA slot." ]

[ "Development of the Nintendo DSi started at the end of 2006.", "It was the first time Masato Kuwahara of Nintendo's Development Engineering Department served as a hardware project leader.", "Work went at a quick pace to meet deadlines; his team had to devise a theme for the new DS in time for a late December presentation, and by February 2007, most specifications for a chipset had to be completed.", "Kuwahara reported that his team had difficulty determining the potential market for the handheld during the design process; he said of their goal, \"We have to be able to sell the console on its own [without games at launch].", "It also has to be able to meld into the already-existing DS market.\"", "The console's digital cameras were considered early in development: Nintendo president and Chief Executive Officer Satoru Iwata described the touchscreen as the Nintendo DS's sense of touch, and the microphone as its \"ears\"; a co-worker suggested that it should have \"eyes\".", "Kuwahara's team originally wanted one camera with a swivel mechanism, but this was abandoned due to concerns of reliability, cost, and the need of a thicker console.", "Owing to consumer demand, Nintendo also improved the handhelds' volume and audio quality and made it slimmer with larger screens compared to the Nintendo DS Lite.", "However, to improve portability without sacrificing durability, the GBA cartridge slot present on earlier models was removed.", "To compensate, Nintendo continued to support the DS Lite as long as there was consumer demand for it.", "The DSi's size was changed midway through development, delaying its release.", "Its original design included two DS game card slots, because of demand from both fan communities and Nintendo employees, which consequently made it larger.", "When the console's designs were unveiled to Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development producers in October 2007, it was met with lukewarm reception due to its size.", "However, Iwata and Kuwahara's own hopes resulted in the creation of a prototype.", "A quick hands-on investigation led them to abandon the dual-slot design, which made the DSi approximately slimmer.", "Ever since the handheld's in-company unveiling, its internal designs were finished along with assembly and durability specifications.", "Iwata described having to resize the console so close to manufacturing as being essentially the same as making another handheld.", "Yui Ehara, designer of the DS Lite and DSi's original casing, had to redesign the revised case.", "He advocated changing the six speaker apertures, as their circular perforations were redundant to the rest of the handheld's interface.", "He believed that this alteration also signaled a clearer distinction between the DSi and its predecessors while keeping the unit \"neat\" and \"simple\".", "Ehara hoped the DSi's added features would not interfere with his desired iconic image of the Nintendo DS product line: two rectangles, one on top of the other, with each half containing another rectangle inside.", "This model was publicly revealed at the October 2008 Nintendo Conference in Tokyo, along with its Japanese price and release date.", "While the DS product line's worldwide yearly sales figures consistently surpassed those of its primary market rival, Sony's PlayStation Portable, demand for it in Japan was decreasing; Nintendo's launch of the DSi was intended to stimulate sales.", "The company was less concerned with releasing the DSi in other territories, where DS Lite market demand remained high.", "Development of a large DS Lite model in 2007 eventually led to the DSi XL.", "Nintendo had designed a large DS Lite model with screens, compared to the standard screens; development of this new handheld advanced far enough that it could have begun mass production.", "However, Iwata placed the project on hold due to consumer demand for the DS Lite and Wii.", "He later pitched the idea of simultaneously releasing large and small versions of the DSi instead, but Nintendo's hardware team was incapable of developing two models concurrently.", "After finishing work on the DSi, Kuwahara started the DSi XL project and became project leader.", "The DSi XL, a DSi model with screens, was announced on October 29, 2009.", "Various names for it were considered, including \"DSi Comfort\", \"DSi Executive\", \"DSi Premium\", \"DSi Living\", and \"DSi Deka\" (Japanese for \"large\").", "\"Mario\" creator Shigeru Miyamoto insisted on \"DSi Deka\".", "The handheld has an improved viewing angle over its predecessor, which allows onlookers to see the screen's contents more easily.", "This feature was absent from the large DS Lite model due to cost issues at the time, which also limited LCD screen size.", "The cost of LCD screens is determined by how many pieces are cut from a single large glass sheet.", "To keep these costs within a certain threshold, Nintendo set a screen size limit of approximately , which was later increased to .", "On November 1, 2008, the DSi was released in Japan; on April 2, 2009, in Australia and New Zealand, and on April 3 in Europe, all with a black and white casing.", "It launched in the United States and Canada on April 5, alongside the game \"Rhythm Heaven\".", "It was the first DS console to launch with multiple colors in North America—black and blue.", "iQue released a Chinese DSi model in black and white, with a pre-installed version of \"Nintendogs\", in December 2009; the \"Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun\" reported that the Chinese and Korean models featured improved security, to combat piracy.", "On April 15, 2010, the DSi was launched in South Korea in white, black, blue, and pink, alongside the game \"MapleStory DS\".", "\"MapleStory DS\" was also bundled with a red limited-edition DSi, which had characters from the game printed around its external camera.", "Other countries the DSi was released in include Brazil, Russia, and Turkey.", "Nintendo had shipped 200,000 units for the DSi's Japanese launch, and during its first two days on sale, over 170,000 units were sold—the remaining units were either unclaimed pre-orders or reserved for sale on Culture Day.", "By the end of the month, the DSi sold 535,000 units, in comparison to 550,000 DS Lites sold in its launch month.", "In the two-day launch period, Europe and North American sales totaled 600,000 units combined.", "North American first week sales almost doubled the DS Lite's 226,000 units by selling 435,000.", "In the UK, the console totaled 92,000 sales within two days of release, which GfK/Chart-Track data showed to be the fourth-best opening weekend ever in the region—higher than previous records set by other DS iterations.", "DSi launch events were held on the western and eastern coasts of the United States.", "Nintendo sponsored an official launch event at the Universal CityWalk in Los Angeles and the Nintendo World Store in New York City.", "The LA midnight launch party featured several events, including merchandise handouts, signings and art galleries from iam8bit, parkour demonstrations, and performances by Gym Class Heroes.", "Hundreds attended and over 150 stayed until midnight to purchase a unit at GameStop.", "A human-sized Lego DSi by artist Sean Kenney was on display at the Nintendo World Store.", "The Nintendo DSi XL was released in Japan on November 21, 2009, in bronze, burgundy, and white.", "The former two colors were available for its European launch on March 5, 2010, and its North American launch on March 28.", "The console launched in Australia on April 15, 2010, in bronze and burgundy.", "The DSi XL was released in other countries including Brazil, South Africa, and Turkey.", "Over 100,500 units were sold during the console's first two days on sale in Japan, and 141,000 units were sold during its first three days in the United States.", "The 2011 release of the Nintendo 3DS, the successor to the Nintendo DS series of handhelds, was announced on March 23, 2010, to preempt impending news leaks by the Japanese press and to attract potential attendees to the Electronic Entertainment Expo.", "According to industry analysts, the timing drew attention from the North American launch of the DSi XL.", "M2 Research senior analyst Billy Pigeon argued the \"XL is old news ... in Japan – and Nintendo is a very Japan-centric organization.", "This is just the corporate parent in Japan maybe not acting in the best interest of Nintendo of America.\"", "Iwata dismissed any significant impact when speaking to concerned investors, \"those who are eager to buy Nintendo 3DS right after the announcement generally tend to react quickly to anything new on the market, and those who are purchasing a Nintendo DS today tend to react relatively slowly.\"", "Nintendo targeted a wider demographic profile with the first Nintendo DS (2004) than it had with the Game Boy line.", "Comparing 2008 life-to-date DS and DS Lite sales to the best-selling game console, Sony's PlayStation 2, showed potential in further expanding the Nintendo DS gaming population—particularly in Europe and the United States.", "To further promote the product line while expanding its gaming population, Nintendo created the DSi.", "Iwata has said that families often share DS and DS Lite consoles, so to encourage each family member to buy an individual handheld, Nintendo added personalization features to the DSi.", "The \"i\" in DSi symbolizes both an individual person (I) and the handheld's cameras (eyes); the former meaning contrasts with the \"i\"'s in Wii, which represent players gathering together.", "Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aimé said, \"If Wii was about gaming for the masses, then think of DSi as creativity for the masses.\"", "Iwata has said that the DSi is meant to be a first camera for children, and a social networking device for adults.", "In response to media commentary following the DSi's announcement, Iwata insisted that its new audio and camera capabilities are not meant to compete with mobile phones, the iPod, or the PSP.", "He explained their role in the marketplace:\nThe DSi helped maintain strong sales for Nintendo's handheld product line.", "The DSi accounted for 40 percent of its product line's 2009 UK sales and frequently topped weekly sales charts in Japan during its first year of availability.", "In the United States, the console's initial three-month sales surpassed those of the DS, DS Lite, and Wii.", "Average weekly sales of the Wii and Nintendo DS declined slightly in March; Nintendo DS hardware sales stabilized at over 200,000 units for seven months after the DSi's April launch, while Wii sales diminished.", "Gamasutra estimated that, in October 2009 and February 2010, 50 percent of Nintendo DS unit sales were DSi consoles.", "In an October 2009 interview, Fils-Aimé announced that the DSi had sold 2.2 million units in the United States.", "He said, \"If you give the consumer great value in terms of what they pay, they're willing to spend, and we say [that] based on the experience of launching the DSi\".", "The United States had its highest yearly DS sales in 2009 with 11.22 million units sold.", "The DSi and DSi XL accounted for 16.88 million of the 27.11 million units sold worldwide of its product line for Nintendo's 2009 fiscal year beginning April 1, 2009 and ending March 31, 2010.", "In Gamasutra's United States hardware sales estimate for July 2010, the DSi and DSi XL each outsold the DS Lite.", "The website reported DSi sales of approximately 300,000 units in July 2009 and February 2010, which remains consistent for July 2010 if combined with DSi XL sales.", "As a result, the average price consumers were spending on the Nintendo DS hardware family rose to over $165 (in 2004 dollars, $ adjusted for inflation as of 2010), which is over $15 more than the November 2004 launch price of the original Nintendo DS.", "Nintendo made its first DSi price cuts in Europe on June 18, 2010, for DSi and DSi XL consoles in Japan on June 19, and in North America on September 12.", "The DSi and DSi XL accounted for 14.66 million of the 17.52 million units sold worldwide of its product line in fiscal year 2010.", "In a United States hardware sales estimate for July 2011 by Gamasutra following the DS Lite's price drop a month earlier, about 60 to 70 percent of approximately 290,000 DS units sold were DSi and DSi XL consoles.", "Lackluster 3DS sales forced Nintendo to drop its price to match the DSi XL in the United States on August 12.", "Japan and Europe had similar price reductions.", "Gamasutra speculated potential DS buyers in the United States opted for the 3DS as a result; DS sales for August 2011 decreased by 45 percent, while it combined with 3DS sales remained steady compared to the previous month.", "Nintendo made its second DSi and DSi XL price cuts in North America on May 20, 2012.", "Gamasutra called these price cuts the DS product line's \"final send-off\" and expects \"by this time next year its contributions to the market will be minuscule.", "After Christmas, Nintendo will effectively be a single-handheld system company, putting all of portable software efforts into the Nintendo 3DS.\"", "The Nintendo DSi's design is similar to that of the second DS iteration, the Nintendo DS Lite.", "It is approximately 12 percent shorter () than the Nintendo DS Lite when closed, but slightly wider and lighter.", "The DSi has two TFT-LCD screens— larger than those of previous models—that are capable of displaying 262,144 colors.", "The touch sensitive lower screen accepts input from the included stylus.", "The handheld features four lettered buttons (X, Y, A, B), a directional pad, and Start, Select, and Power buttons.", "Two shoulder buttons, a game card slot, and a power cable input are placed under the console's hinge.", "The included AC adapter (WAP-002) is not compatible with any previous DS model.", "Unlike previous models, the handheld has two VGA (0.3-megapixel) digital cameras.", "The first is on the internal hinge and points toward the user; the second is on the outer casing and faces away from the user.", "The SD card slot is also new, set behind a cover on the right side.", "While the DS Lite used a switch, the DSi, like the original Nintendo DS, features a button to power on or off.", "The button has extra functions and unlike the original's power button, it is located on the bottom-left side of the touchscreen.", "Brightness and volume controls are on the left side; five brightness settings—one more than on the DS Lite—are available.", "The headset port is on the bottom.", "The DSi has a matte surface to hide fingerprints.", "It is available in numerous colors, but color selection varies by region.", "For example, lime green is exclusive to Japan, while red is available in Europe and North America.", "North America also received a different shade of blue.", "Numerous special-edition models and bundles have been released, including those for \"Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth\", \"Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Echoes of Time\", and the 2009 Black Friday shopping day.", "The DSi has more RAM and a faster CPU than the DS Lite.", "Developers reported the console has a native mode, which runs software specifically designed for its hardware, access to the system's extra processing and memory resources.", "The inclusion of a codec integrated circuit (a microchip) amplifies sound signals and converts them from digital to analog.", "This increases audio output, and depending on the mode, higher audio quality.", "Unused space on the motherboard was removed; the CPU was relocated, and the battery housing was expanded.", "The camera's resolution is two-and-a-half times higher than the handheld's screens.", "However, their resolution is considerably lower than contemporaneous digital cameras and mobile phones.", "This was done to help keep their price reasonable and to maintain a preferable response time for viewing photos in quick session, particularity since numerous applications will use them.", "The Nintendo DSi XL features larger screens, and a greater overall size, than the original DSi.", "It is the fourth DS model, the first to be available as a pure size variation.", "Iwata said that cost restraints had, until then, limited the screen size and multiplayer aspects of portable game consoles, and that the DSi XL offers \"an improved view angle on the screens\", which makes it the first \"portable system that can be enjoyed with people surrounding the gamer.\"", "He argued that this introduces a new method of playing portable video games, wherein those \"surrounding the game player can also join in one way or the other to the gameplay.\"", "While the original DSi was specifically designed for individual use, Iwata suggested that DSi XL buyers give the console a \"steady place on a table in the living room,\" so that it might be shared by multiple household members.", "The DSi XL is the longest, widest and heaviest DS model.", "The console features two wide-viewing-angle LCD screens with the same resolution as the smaller model.", "It has improved battery life over the DSi on all brightness settings; for example, batteries last 13–17 hours at the dimmest setting.", "The handheld is outfitted with identical speakers contained in larger speaker enclosures, enabling them to produce louder sound.", "The hinges stop the screen at 120° in addition to the original DSi's position of 155° to allow easier table-top viewing.", "The DSi XL is bundled with two longer styli, one of which is thicker, rounded, and pen-like, and does not fit inside the unit.", "The DSi XL has a matte surface, and the exterior of its top panel is coated with a gloss finish.", "It is available in eight two-toned colors, varying by region such as white, green, red, yellow, and pink.", "Two special-edition models were released: those for \"LovePlus+\" and the 25th anniversary of \"Super Mario Bros.\" Flipnote Studio and the Nintendo DSi Browser come pre-installed with the DSi XL, alongside other, region-specific software.", "Like the Wii, the DSi has upgradeable firmware, and features a menu interface that displays applications as selectable icons.", "The seven primary icons represent the game card software, \"Nintendo DSi Camera\", \"Nintendo DSi Sound\", \"Nintendo DSi Shop\", \"DS Download Play\", \"PictoChat\", and \"system settings\"; additional applications may be downloaded from the DSi Shop.", "Icons are set in a single-row grid navigable with the stylus or D-pad, and may be re-arranged via drag-and-drop.", "The power button can either soft reset the console, returning it to the main menu, or shut it down.", "Game cards may be hot swapped when the console is set to the main menu, allowing players to switch game cards without shutting down.", "The DSi has more extensive multimedia features than previous models; AAC audio files from other devices, pictures, and downloadable software can be stored to an SD card.", "The latter two do not need external storage and can be stored internally.", "Before taking a photograph, users may modify the viewfinder's live image with ten \"lens\" options.", "Images captured can be uploaded to the Wii's Photo Channel, and, for consoles with the 1.4 firmware update or greater, to the social networking website Facebook.", "The built-in sound player has voice recording and music playback functionality.", "Voice recordings can be edited with audio filters and manipulated through pitch and playback.", "Users may save and modify up to 18 ten-second sound clips.", "These clips cannot be exported to an SD card.", "Users can play music from SD cards with visualizations displayed on the upper screen.", "AAC audio with .mp4, .m4a, or .3gp filename extensions are supported, but non-AAC formats, including MP3, are not supported.", "Sounds like drum beats and the classic \"Mario\" jumping noises can be added with button presses.", "Playing music also has its own set of manipulation options similar to those used for voice recordings, as well as a group of audio filters.", "Using headphones, music can be played when the case is closed.", "Users may export photos, sounds, and Internet settings to a 3DS.", "The Nintendo DSi connects to the Internet via either its built-in 802.11b/g Wi-Fi or a Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector; both methods grant access to the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service.", "The DSi supports WEP, WPA (AES/TKIP), and WPA2 (AES/TKIP) wireless encryption; only software with built-in support can use the latter two encryption types, as they were not supported by the DS and DS Lite.", "Up to six wireless Internet connection profiles can be saved; using the traditional setup method, the first three profiles support WEP encryption, while the remaining three are selectable under a more advanced option, which supports WPA encryption.", "Under this advanced option, users may access the Wi-Fi Protected Setup method and configure proxy settings.", "The DSi can automatically detect Nintendo Zone service areas thus preventing the need to manually setup Wi-Fi connections.", "The service offers demos of upcoming and currently available games, access to the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection and DSi Shop, and may have location-specific content.", "All DS games are compatible with the DSi, except those that require the GBA slot.", "Because of its absence, the DSi is not backward compatible with GBA Game Paks or with accessories that require the GBA slot, such as the Nintendo DS Rumble Pak and the \"Guitar Hero: On Tour\" series guitar grip.", "\"DSi-enhanced\" game cards contain DSi-exclusive features, but can still be used with earlier models; \"DSi-exclusive\" game cards cannot.", "The DSi is Nintendo's first region-locked handheld; it prevents using certain software released for another region.", "Due to regional differences in Internet services and parental controls, DSi-specific software is region locked.", "However, cartridge software compatible with previous models, Internet browsing, and photo sharing are not locked.", "Homebrew flash cards designed for previous DS models are incompatible with the DSi, but new cards capable of running DS software on a DSi were available.", "Like the Wii, the DSi can connect to an online store.", "The store, called the DSi Shop, allows users to download DSiWare games and applications, which are paid for with a Nintendo Points Prepaid Card (previously known as Wii Points Prepaid Card).", "Application prices follow a three-tiered pricing scheme.", "The service launched with the DSi Browser, a free web browser developed by Opera Software and Nintendo.", "A DSiWare trial campaign, whose expiration date varied by region, formerly offered 1,000 free Nintendo Points to each DSi that accesses the DSi Shop.", "Over 500 downloadable games were available, varying by region.", "Purchased DSiWare on DSi or DSi XL consoles cannot be transferred between units unless that console is repaired or replaced by Nintendo.", "Most DSiWare can be transferred to a 3DS, however saved data cannot.", "Nintendo Points became irredeemable on September 30, 2016, and the Nintendo DSi Shop was shut down on March 31, 2017.", "The Nintendo DSi received generally positive reviews.", "Critics praised many of the console's changes to the DS Lite's aesthetic and functionality, but complained that it launched with insufficient exclusive software.", "IGN's Craig Harris noted that the DSi-exclusive software library and DSi Shop were lacking in content even after five months on the Japanese market.", "Jeff Bakalar of CNET said that owners of the original DS should consider buying a DSi, but that its only incentive for DS Lite owners was the DSi Shop.", "\"PCWorld\" New Zealand's Jan Birkeland shared Bakalar's opinion, but believed that it was too early to judge the quality of DSi Shop software.", "Many critics were disappointed by the removal of the GBA cartridge slot, but some of them, such as \"PCWorld\"s Darren Gladstone, \"Bit-tech\"s Joe Martin, and IGN's Harris and Lowe, believed that it was a reasonable exchange for SD card support and the DSi Shop.", "However, Bakalar stated, \"We'd gladly give up the 4 millimeters [of reduced thickness] to be able to play any Game Boy Advance game.", "\"\nMost reviewers criticized the quality of its cameras, particularly due to their resolution in comparison to contemporaneous mobile phones.", "They considered them sufficient for the DSi's screens, however.", "Harris and Lowe believed that the camera's only use was to take \"silly pictures of yourself and others\".", "They complained about the difficulty of taking photographs in low-light environments, and said that low-light images were tinged green or blue.", "Opinions on the DSi's photograph-editing tools were varied: \"Bit-tech\"s Martin and Reid considered them to be a gimmick, but Bakalar and Cliff Edwards of \"BusinessWeek\" thought otherwise.", "Edwards said that the camera's use in gameplay was a new opportunity for developers; Martin did not think that the concept would be widely adopted, as he believed it to be \"a gimmick that would alienate", "[...]", "DS Lite owners\".", "Eurogamer's Tom Bramwell speculated that the DSi follows Game & Watch and Game Boy creator Gunpei Yokoi's philosophy of using dated technology developers are familiar with to introduce new game design concepts that are inexpensive enough for mass production at a profit.", "He argued its features are designed to \"briefly entertain\" early adopters while encouraging \"developers to consider it as an alternative [of the DS Lite]\" to build an attractive game library for the long term.", "Because of the DSi's additions to the DS Lite design, critics recommended the console to those who had not purchased a previous DS model.", "Pete Metzger of the \"Los Angeles Times\" considered the DSi to be \"more like version 2.5 than a total reboot\", but called its new features \"worthwhile additions to an already great product.\"", "Gladstone gave the DSi a score of 75/100, and said that Nintendo \"puts in smart nips and tucks to its already-svelte handheld while adding a raft of useful multimedia features.\"", "Harris and Lowe defined the console's hardware redesign as \"evolutionary\", rather than \"revolutionary\".", "After the DSi was unveiled, Goldman Sachs analyst Matthew J. Fassler called the DSi Shop a \"tangible early threat\" to big-box stores and retailers.", "Martin believed that the cameras and DSi Shop did not justify purchasing the DSi at launch, but, in line with the general consensus, saw potential in future software for the console.", "Douglas Rankine of \"Wired UK\" and McKinley Noble of \"GamePro\" thought previously existing Nintendo DS games were revitalized with the Nintendo DSi XL's larger screens; games like \"Scribblenauts\" and \"The World Ends with You\" benefited from increased touchscreen precision and increased legibility of text, respectively.", "CVG's Mike Jackson argued that the bigger screens, which made its unchanged resolution blockier, would probably be less noticeable to the older demographic for which the XL is undoubtedly designed.", "However, Jackson and IGN's Scott Lowe and Chris Burke agreed its clear and vivid colors considerably compensated for its unchanged resolution.", "Carol Mangis of \"PC Magazine\" thought families looking to share a handheld between members should consider a DSi XL, but the larger screens were not enough of an incentive for current DSi owners to upgrade.", "Lowe, Burke, Jackson, and Bakalar concluded the larger DSi model is not an essential upgrade; Jackson explained \"if you tend not to carry it out with you, and only ever tend to use it at home, then the DSi XL is the better choice\"." ]

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[ "They were succeeded by the Nintendo 3DS.\nReviews of the Nintendo DSi were generally positive; IGN and \"bit-tech\" decried the console's lack of exclusive software and removal of the GBA cartridge slot, though its added functionality caused many journalists to recommend it to those who had not purchased a previous DS model.", "CNET and \"PCWorld\" considered the DSi Shop to be the most important buying incentive for current DS owners.", "Some critics believed the DSi XL was not an essential upgrade.", "\"GamePro\" and \"Wired UK\", on the other hand, praised the DSi XL's larger screens for improving the gameplay experience and revitalizing older DS games." ]

[ "Hockinson High School has a comprehensive curriculum of Language Arts, Math, Social Studies, Science, Art, Foreign Language (Spanish and French), Physical Education, Health, Fine and Performing Arts (Band and Theater), along with Career and Technical education.", "Advanced Placement Program (AP) courses include AP English Language & Composition, AP World History, AP United States History, \nAP Comparative Government & Politics, AP Calculus, AP Literature & Composition, AP Biology, AP Physics, AP Statistics, AP Spanish Language & Culture, and AP Chemistry.", "Hockinson High School participates in the Running Start program with Clark College in Vancouver, Washington to provide juniors and seniors with an opportunity to attend college courses for both high school and future college credit.", "Specialized career and technical education is provided by Hockinson High School through the Clark County Skills Center.", "It is a \nSouthwest Washington high school trade and business school open to Juniors and Seniors to provide classes for technical skills the school can't fund.", "The following activities are offered at Hockinson High School:", "Hockinson High School currently competes in the Washington Interscholastic Activities Association (WIAA)", "Greater St. Helens League at the 2A level.", "Despite being one of the smallest schools in the state’s 2A level, it is highly competitive.", "The school currently fields these sports:" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "Hockinson High School is a school in Hockinson, Washington.", "Built in 2003, it is a part of the Hockinson School District in Clark County, located in the southwest region of the state.", "It is the only high school in the district." ]

[ "While the modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scotland, the game's ancient origins are unclear and much debated.", "Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball.", "One theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century BC, and eventually evolved into the modern game.", "Others cite chuiwan (捶丸; \"chui\" means striking and \"wan\" means small ball) as the progenitor, a Chinese game played between the eighth and fourteenth centuries.", "A Ming Dynasty scroll by the artist Youqiu dating back to 1368 entitled \"The Autumn Banquet\" shows a member of the Chinese Imperial court swinging what appears to be a golf club at a small ball with the aim of sinking it into a hole.", "The game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages.", "Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France.", "The Persian game chowkan is another possible ancient origin, albeit being more polo-like.", "In addition, kolven (a game involving a ball and curved bats) was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V, a year earlier.", "The modern game originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is James II's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery.", "James IV lifted the ban in 1502 when he became a golfer himself, with golf clubs first recorded in 1503–1504: \"For golf clubbes and balles to the King that he playit with\".", "To many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews, a links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage.", "In 1764, the standard 18-hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes.", "Golf is documented as being played on Musselburgh Links, East Lothian, Scotland as early as 2 March 1672, which is certified as the oldest golf course in the world by \"Guinness World Records\".", "The oldest surviving rules of golf were compiled in March 1744 for the Company of Gentlemen Golfers, later renamed The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, which was played at Leith, Scotland.", "The world's oldest golf tournament in existence, and golf's first major, is The Open Championship, which was first played on 17 October 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club, in Ayrshire, Scotland, with Scottish golfers winning the earliest majors.", "Two Scotsmen from Dunfermline, John Reid and Robert Lockhart, first demonstrated golf in the U.S. by setting up a hole in an orchard in 1888, with Reid setting up America's first golf club the same year, Saint Andrew's Golf Club in Yonkers, New York.", "A golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a teeing ground or \"tee box\" that is set off by two markers showing the bounds of the legal tee area, fairway, rough and other hazards, and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the pin (normally a flagstick) and cup.", "The levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting in the case of the green.", "While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing area to the green, some holes may bend either to the left or to the right.", "This is commonly called a \"dogleg\", in reference to a dog's knee.", "The hole is called a \"dogleg left\" if the hole angles leftwards and \"dogleg right\" if it bends right.", "Sometimes, a hole's direction may bend twice; this is called a \"double dogleg\".", "A regular golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine-hole courses are common and can be played twice through for a full round of 18 holes.", "Early Scottish golf courses were primarily laid out on links land, soil-covered sand dunes directly inland from beaches.", "The word \"links\" derives from the Scots language and the Old English word \"hlinc\" (\"rising ground, ridge\"): traditionally these are coastal sand dunes but sometimes open parkland.", "This gave rise to the term \"golf links\", particularly applied to seaside courses and those built on naturally sandy soil inland.", "The first 18-hole golf course in the United States was on a sheep farm in Downers Grove, Illinois, in 1892.", "The course is still there today.", "Every round of golf is based on playing a number of holes in a given order.", "A \"round\" typically consists of 18 holes that are played in the order determined by the course layout.", "Each hole is played once in the round on a standard course of 18 holes.", "The game can be played by any number of people, although a typical group playing will have 1-4 people playing the round.", "The typical amount of time required for pace of play for a 9-hole round is two hours and four hours for an 18-hole round.", "Playing a hole on a golf course is initiated by putting a ball into play by striking it with a club on the teeing ground (also called the tee box, or simply the tee).", "For this first shot on each hole, it is allowed but not required for the golfer to place the ball on a tee prior to striking it.", "A tee is a small peg that can be used to elevate the ball slightly above the ground up to a few centimetres high.", "Tees are commonly made of wood but may be constructed of any material, including plastic.", "Traditionally, golfers used mounds of sand to elevate the ball, and containers of sand were provided for the purpose.", "A few courses still require sand to be used instead of peg tees, to reduce litter and reduce damage to the teeing ground.", "Tees help reduce the interference of the ground or grass on the movement of the club making the ball easier to hit, and also places the ball in the very centre of the striking face of the club (the \"sweet spot\") for better distance.", "When the initial shot on a hole is intended to move the ball a long distance, typically more than , the shot is commonly called a \"drive\" and is generally made with a long-shafted, large-headed wood club called a \"driver\".", "Shorter holes may be initiated with other clubs, such as higher-numbered woods or irons.", "Once the ball comes to rest, the golfer strikes it again as many times as necessary using shots that are variously known as a \"lay-up\", an \"approach\", a \"pitch\", or a \"chip\", until the ball reaches the green, where he or she then \"putts\" the ball into the hole (commonly called \"sinking the putt\" or \"holing out\").", "The goal of getting the ball into the hole (\"holing\" the ball) in as few strokes as possible may be impeded by obstacles such as areas of longer grass called \"rough\" (usually found alongside fairways), which both slows any ball that contacts it and makes it harder to advance a ball that has stopped on it; \"doglegs\", which are changes in the direction of the fairway that often require shorter shots to play around them; bunkers (or sand traps); and water hazards such as ponds or streams.", "In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules, each player plays their ball until it is holed no matter how many strokes that may take.", "In match play it is acceptable to simply pick up one's ball and \"surrender the hole\" after enough strokes have been made by a player that it is mathematically impossible for the player to win the hole.", "It is also acceptable in informal stroke play to surrender the hole after hitting three strokes more than the \"par\" rating of the hole (a \"triple bogey\" - see below); while technically a violation of Rule 3–2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids \"runaway scores\", excessive frustration and injuries caused by overexertion.", "The total distance from the first teeing ground to the 18th green can be quite long; total yardages \"through the green\" can be in excess of , and when adding in the travel distance between the green of one hole and the tee of the next, even skilled players may easily travel or more during a round.", "At some courses, electric golf carts are used to travel between shots, which can speed-up play and allows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round.", "On other courses players generally walk the course, either carrying their bag using a shoulder strap or using a \"golf trolley\" for their bag.", "These trolleys may or may not be battery assisted.", "At many amateur tournaments including U.S. high school and college play, players are required to walk and to carry their own bags, but at the professional and top amateur level, as well as at high-level private clubs, players may be accompanied by caddies, who carry and manage the players' equipment and who are allowed by the rules to give advice on the play of the course.", "A caddie's advice can only be given to the player or players for whom the caddie is working, and not to other competing players.", "The rules of golf are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by The R&A, spun off in 2004 from The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (founded 1754), and the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "With the aim of simplifying the rules, in 2017 the USGA and R&A undertook a complete rewrite.", "The new rule book came into effect in January 2019.", "The underlying principle of the rules is fairness.", "As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:\n\"Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair.", "\"\nThere are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers.", "Essentially, anybody who has ever received payment or compensation for giving instruction, or played golf for money, is not considered an amateur and may not participate in competitions limited solely to amateurs.", "However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status.", "In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette.", "Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course.", "Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience.", "Penalty strokes are incurred in certain situations and are counted towards a player's score as if there were extra swing(s) at the ball.", "Either one or two strokes are added for most rule infractions or for taking relief from various situations, with the \"general penalty\" defined as two-strokes, and disqualification for severe or repeated rule breaches.", "Examples include:", "Golf clubs are used to hit the golf ball.", "Each club is composed of a shaft with a lance (or \"grip\") on the top end and a club head on the bottom.", "Long clubs, which have a lower amount of degree loft, are those meant to propel the ball a comparatively longer distance, and short clubs a higher degree of loft and a comparatively shorter distance.", "The actual physical length of each club is longer or shorter, depending on the distance the club is intended to propel the ball.", "Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types.", "Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively \"open\" lies, such as the teeing ground and fairway.", "Of particular importance is the \"driver\" or \"1-wood\", which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to , or more, in a professional golfer's hands.", "Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials.", "Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with a metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face.", "Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy.", "Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps.", "The third class is the putter, which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole.", "Putters are virtually always used on the green or in the surrounding rough/fringe.", "A fourth class, called hybrids, evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but a higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature.", "A maximum of 14 clubs is allowed in a player's bag at one time during a stipulated round.", "The choice of clubs is at the golfer's discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules.", "(Clubs that meet these parameters are usually called \"conforming\".)", "Violation of these rules can result in disqualification.", "The exact shot hit at any given time on a golf course, and which club is used to accomplish the shot, are always completely at the discretion of the golfer; in other words, there is no restriction whatsoever on which club a golfer may or may not use at any time for any shot.", "Golf balls are spherical, usually white (although other colours are allowed), and minutely pock-marked by dimples that decrease aerodynamic drag by increasing air turbulence around the ball in motion, which delays \"boundary layer\" separation and reduces the drag-inducing \"wake\" behind the ball,\nthereby allowing the ball to fly farther.", "The combination of a soft \"boundary layer\" and a hard \"core\" enables both distance and spin.", "A tee is allowed only for the first stroke on each hole, unless the player must hit a provisional tee shot or replay their first shot from the tee.", "Many golfers wear golf shoes with metal or plastic spikes designed to increase traction, thus allowing for longer and more accurate shots.", "A golf bag is used to transport golf clubs and the player's other or personal equipment.", "Golf bags have several pockets designed for carrying equipment and supplies such as tees, balls, and gloves.", "Golf bags can be carried, pulled on a trolley or harnessed to a motorized golf cart during play.", "Golf bags usually have both a hand strap and shoulder strap for carrying, others may be carried over both shoulders like a backpack, and often bags have retractable legs that allow the bag to stand upright when at rest.", "The golf swing is outwardly similar to many other motions involving swinging a tool or playing implement, such as an axe or a baseball bat.", "However, unlike many of these motions, the result of the swing is highly dependent on several sub-motions being properly aligned and timed.", "These ensure that the club travels up to the ball in line with the desired path; that the clubface is in line with the swing path; and that the ball hits the centre or \"sweet spot\" of the clubface.", "The ability to do this consistently, across a complete set of clubs with a wide range of shaft lengths and clubface areas, is a key skill for any golfer, and takes a significant effort to achieve.", "Stance refers to how the golfer positions themselves in order to play a stroke; it is fundamentally important in being able to play a stroke effectively.", "The stance adopted is determined by what stroke is being played.", "All stances involve a slight crouch.", "This allows for a more efficient striking posture whilst also isometrically preloading the muscles of the legs and core; this allows the stroke to be played more dynamically and with a greater level of overall control.", "When adopting their stance golfers start with the non-dominant side of the body facing the target (for a right-hander, the target is to their left).", "Setting the stance in regard to the position of the ball, and placing the clubhead behind the ball, is known as being at address; when in this position the player's body and the centerline of the club face are positioned parallel to the desired line of travel, with the feet either perpendicular to that line or slightly splayed outward.", "The feet are commonly shoulder-width apart for middle irons and putters, narrower for short irons and wider for long irons and woods.", "The ball is typically positioned more to the \"front\" of the player's stance (closer to the leading foot) for lower-lofted clubs, with the usual ball position for a drive being just behind the arch of the leading foot.", "The ball is placed further \"back\" in the player's stance (toward the trailing foot) as the loft of the club to be used increases.", "Most iron shots and putts are made with the ball roughly centered in the stance, while a few mid- and short-iron shots are made with the ball slightly behind the centre of the stance to ensure consistent contact between the ball and clubface, so the ball is on its way before the club continues down into the turf.", "The golfer chooses a golf club, grip, and stroke appropriate to the distance:\n\n\nHaving chosen a club and stroke to produce the desired distance, the player addresses the ball by taking their stance to the side of it and (except when the ball lies in a hazard) grounding the club behind the ball.", "The golfer then takes their backswing, rotating the club, their arms and their upper body away from the ball, and then begins their swing, bringing the clubhead back down and around to hit the ball.", "A proper golf swing is a complex combination of motions, and slight variations in posture or positioning can make a great deal of difference in how well the ball is hit and how straight it travels.", "The general goal of a player making a full swing is to propel the clubhead as fast as possible while maintaining a single \"plane\" of motion of the club and clubhead, to send the clubhead into the ball along the desired path of travel and with the clubhead also pointing that direction.", "Accuracy and consistency are typically stressed over pure distance.", "A player with a straight drive that travels only will nevertheless be able to accurately place the ball into a favourable lie on the fairway, and can make up for the lesser distance of any given club by simply using \"more club\" (a lower loft) on their tee shot or on subsequent fairway and approach shots.", "However, a golfer with a drive that may go but often does not fly straight will be less able to position their ball advantageously; the ball may \"hook\", \"pull\", \"draw\", \"fade\", \"push\" or \"slice\" off the intended line and land out of bounds or in the rough or hazards, and thus the player will require many more strokes to hole out.", "A golf stroke uses the muscles of the core (especially erector spinae muscles and latissimus dorsi muscle when turning), hamstring, shoulder, and wrist.", "Stronger muscles in the wrist can prevent them from being twisted during swings, whilst stronger shoulders increase the turning force.", "Weak wrists can also transmit the force to elbows and even neck and lead to injury.", "(When a muscle contracts, it pulls equally from both ends and, to have movement at only one end of the muscle, other muscles must come into play to stabilize the bone to which the other end of the muscle is attached.)", "Golf is a unilateral exercise that can break body balances, requiring exercises to keep the balance in muscles.", "Putting is considered to be the most important component of the game of golf.", "As the game of golf has evolved, there have been many different putting techniques and grips that have been devised to give golfers the best chance to make putts.", "When the game originated, golfers would putt with their dominant hand on the bottom of the grip and their weak hand on top of the grip.", "This grip and putting style is known as \"conventional\".", "There are many variations of conventional including overlap, where the golfer overlaps the off hand index finger onto off the dominant pinky; interlock, where the offhand index finger interlocks with the dominant pinky and ring finger; double or triple overlap and so on.", "Recently, \"cross handed\" putting has become a popular trend amongst professional golfers and amateurs.", "Cross handed putting is the idea that the dominant hand is on top of the grip where the weak hand is on the bottom.", "This grip restricts the motion in your dominant hand and eliminates the possibility of wrist breakdowns through the putting stroke.", "Other notable putting styles include \"the claw\", a style that has the grip directly in between the thumb and index finger of the dominant hand while the palm faces the target.", "The weak hand placed normally on the putter.", "Anchored putting, a style that requires a longer putter shaft that can be anchored into the player's stomach or below the chin; the idea is to stabilize one end of the putter thus creating a more consistent pendulum stroke.", "This style has been banned on professional circuits since 2016.", "A hole is classified by its par, which gives an indication of the number of strokes a skilled golfer may be expected to need to complete play of the hole.", "The primary factor for classifying the par of a relatively straight, hazard-free hole is the distance from the tee to the green, and calculates the number of strokes a skilled golfer is expected to require to reach the green with an additional allowance of 2 putts.", "As such, the minimum par of any hole is 3; one stroke for the tee shot and two putts.", "Par 3, 4 and 5 holes are commonplace on golf courses; far more rarely, courses may feature par-6 and even par-7 holes.", "For men, a typical par-3 hole is less than in length, with a par-4 hole ranging between , and a par-5 hole being longer than ; for women these boundaries are lower, and for professionals they are much increased.", "The rare par-6s can stretch well over .", "These distances are based on the typical scratch golfer's drive distance of between .", "Although length is the primary factor in calculating par, other factors are taken into account; however the number of strokes a scratch golfer should take to make the green remains foremost.", "Factors affecting the calculation include altitude, gradient of the land from the tee to green, and forced \"lay-ups\" due to dog-legs (sharp bends) or obstacles (e.g. bunkers, water hazards).", "Getting the ball onto the green in two strokes less than par, and hence meeting the par calculation criteria, is called making \"green in regulation\" or GIR.", "Missing a GIR does not necessarily mean a golfer will not make par, but it does make doing so more difficult as it reduces the number of putts available; conversely, making a GIR does not guarantee a par, as the player might require three or more putts to \"hole out\".", "Professional golfers typically make between 60% and 70% of greens in regulation.", "Eighteen-hole courses typically total to an overall par score of 70 to 72 for a complete round; with most holes having a par of 4, and a smaller number of par-3 and par-5 holes.", "Additionally, courses may be classified according to their play difficulty, which may be used to calculate a golfer's handicap.", "The two primary difficulty ratings in the U.S. are the Course Rating, which is the expected score for a zero-handicap \"scratch golfer\", and the Slope Rating, which is a measure of how much worse a \"bogey golfer\" (handicap around 20) would be expected to play than a \"scratch golfer\" relative to their handicap.", "The goal is to play as few strokes per round as possible.", "A golfer's number of strokes in a hole, course, or tournament is compared to its respective par score, and is then reported either as the number that the golfer was \"under-\" or \"over-par\", or if it was \"equal to par\".", "A hole in one (or an \"ace\") occurs when a golfer sinks their ball into the cup with their first stroke from the tee.", "Common scores for a hole also have specific terms.", "In a typical professional tournament or among \"scratch\" amateur players, \"birdie-bogey\" play is common; a player will \"lose\" a stroke by bogeying a hole, then \"gain\" one by scoring a birdie.", "Eagles are uncommon but not rare; however, only 18 players have scored an albatross in a men's major championship.", "One of the rarest feats in golf is the condor, which has never occurred in a professional tournament.", "Only five condors have been verified to have ever occurred, although none of the courses involved were professionally accredited.", "There are two basic forms of golf play, match play and stroke play.", "Stroke play is more popular.", "Two players (or two teams) play each hole as a separate contest against each other in what is called match play.", "The party with the lower score wins that hole, or if the scores of both players or teams are equal the hole is \"halved\" (or tied).", "The game is won by the party that wins more holes than the other.", "In the case that one team or player has taken a lead that cannot be overcome in the number of holes remaining to be played, the match is deemed to be won by the party in the lead, and the remainder of the holes are not played.", "For example, if one party already has a lead of six holes, and only five holes remain to be played on the course, the match is over and the winning party is deemed to have won \"6 & 5\".", "At any given point, if the lead is equal to the number of holes remaining, the party leading the match is said to be \"dormie\", and the match is continued until the party increases the lead by one hole or ties any of the remaining holes, thereby winning the match, or until the match ends in a tie with the lead player's opponent winning all remaining holes.", "When the game is tied after the predetermined number of holes have been played, it may be continued until one side takes a one-hole lead.", "The score achieved for each and every hole of the round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins in stroke play.", "Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers.", "If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players.", "Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to a full 18.", "In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of their opponents wins the match.", "If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament.", "There are many variations in scoring and playing formats in the game of golf, some officially defined in the Rules of Golf.", "Variations include the popular Stableford scoring system, and various team formats.", "Some common and popular examples are listed below.", "There are also variations on the usual starting procedure where everyone begins from the first tee and plays all holes in order, through to the eighteenth.", "In large field tournaments, especially on professional tours, a two tee start is commonplace, where the field will be split between starting on the first tee and the tenth tee (sometimes the eighth or eleventh depending on proximity to the clubhouse).", "Shotgun starts are mainly used for amateur tournament or society play.", "In this variant, each of the groups playing starts their game on a different hole, allowing for all players to start and end their round at roughly the same time.", "For example, a group starting on hole 5 will play through to the 18th hole and continue with hole 1, ending their round on hole 4.", "A bogey or par competition is a scoring format sometimes seen in informal tournaments.", "Its scoring is similar to match play, except each player compares their hole score to the hole's par rating instead of the score of another player.", "The player \"wins\" the hole if they score a birdie or better, they \"lose\" the hole if they score a bogey or worse, and they \"halve\" the hole by scoring par.", "By recording only this simple win–loss–halve score on the sheet, a player can shrug off a very poorly-played hole with a simple \"-\" mark and move on.", "As used in competitions, the player or pair with the best win–loss differential wins the competition.", "The Stableford system is a simplification of stroke play that awards players points based on their score relative to the hole's par; the score for a hole is calculated by taking the par score, adding 2, then subtracting the player's hole score, making the result zero if negative.", "Alternately stated, a double bogey or worse is zero points, a bogey is worth one point, par is two, a birdie three, an eagle four, and so on.", "The advantages of this system over stroke play are a more natural \"higher is better\" scoring, the ability to compare Stableford scores between plays on courses with different total par scores (scoring an \"even\" in stroke play will always give a Stableford score of 36), discouraging the tendency to abandon the entire game after playing a particularly bad hole (a novice playing by strict rules may score as high as an 8 or 10 on a single difficult hole; their Stableford score for the hole would be zero, which puts them only two points behind par no matter how badly they played), and the ability to simply pick up one's ball once it is impossible to score any points for the hole, which speeds play.", "The USGA and R&A sanction a \"Modified Stableford\" system for scratch players, which makes par worth zero, a birdie worth 2, eagle 5 and double-eagle 8, while a bogey is a penalty of −1 and a double-bogey or worse −3.", "As with the original system, the highest score wins the game, and terrible scores on one or two holes will not ruin a player's overall score, but this system rewards \"bogey-birdie\" play more than the original, encouraging golfers to try to make riskier birdie putt or eagle chipshots instead of simply parring each hole.", "A handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's potential scoring ability over 18 holes.", "It is used to enable players of widely varying abilities to compete against one another.", "Better players are those with the lowest handicaps, and someone with a handicap of 0 or less is often referred to as a \"scratch golfer\".", "Handicap systems vary throughout the world and use different methods to assess courses and calculate handicaps.", "In order to address difficulties in translating between these systems the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new \"World Handicap System\" which is set to be introduced globally starting in 2020.", "Golf courses are assessed and rated according to the average good score of a scratch golfer, taking into account a multitude of factors affecting play, such as length, obstacles, undulations, etc.", "A player's handicap gives an indication of the number of strokes above this course rating that the player will make over the course of an \"average best\" round of golf, i.e. scoring near their potential, above average.", "Lower handicap players are generally the most consistent, so can be expected to play to this standard or better more often than higher handicappers.", "Some handicap systems also account for differences in scoring difficulty between low and high handicap golfer.", "They do this by means of assessing and rating courses according to the average good score of a \"bogey golfer\", a player with a handicap of around 20.", "This is used with the course rating to calculate a slope rating, which is used to adjust golfer's handicap to produce a \"playing handicap\" for the course and set of tees being used.", "Handicap systems have potential for abuse by players who may intentionally play badly to increase their handicap (sandbagging) before playing to their potential at an important event with a valuable prize.", "For this reason, handicaps are not used in professional golf, but they can still be calculated and used along with other criteria to determine the relative strengths of various professional players.", "Touring professionals, being the best of the best, have negative handicaps; they can be expected, more often than not, to score lower than the Course Rating on any course.", "In 2005 \"Golf Digest\" calculated that the countries with most golf courses per capita, in order, were: Scotland, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, Canada, Wales, United States, Sweden, and England (countries with fewer than 500,000 people were excluded).", "The number of courses in other territories has increased, an example of this being the expansion of golf in China.", "The first golf course in China opened in 1984, but by the end of 2009, there were roughly 600 in the country.", "For much of the 21st century, the development of new golf courses in China has been officially banned (with the exception of the island province of Hainan), but the number of courses had nonetheless tripled from 2004 to 2009; the \"ban\" has been evaded with the government's tacit approval simply by not mentioning golf in any development plans.", "In the United States, women made up 25 percent of golfers in 2021, which was up from 19 percent since 2011 and junior female golfers account for 35 percent or 1.1 million golfers.", "In the United States, the number of people who play golf twenty-five times or more per year decreased from 6.9 million in 2000 to 4.6 million in 2005, according to the National Golf Foundation.", "The NGF reported that the number who played golf at all decreased from 30 to 26 million over the same period.", "In February 1971, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first person to golf anywhere other than Earth.", "He smuggled a golf club and two golf balls on board Apollo 14 with the intent to golf on the Moon.", "He attempted two drives.", "He shanked the first attempt, but it is estimated his second went more than .", "Below are the top 20 countries that have the most golf courses as of 2019.", "The majority of professional golfers work as club or teaching professionals (\"pros\"), and only compete in local competitions.", "A small elite of professional golfers are \"tournament pros\" who compete full-time on international \"tours\".", "Many club and teaching professionals working in the golf industry start as caddies or with a general interest in the game, finding employment at golf courses and eventually moving on to certifications in their chosen profession.", "These programs include independent institutions and universities, and those that eventually lead to a Class A golf professional certification.", "Touring professionals typically start as amateur players, who attain their \"pro\" status after success in major tournaments that win them either prize money and/or notice from corporate sponsors.", "Jack Nicklaus, for example, gained widespread notice by finishing second in the 1960 U.S. Open to champion Arnold Palmer, with a 72-hole score of 282 (the best score to date in that tournament by an amateur).", "He played one more amateur year in 1961, winning that year's U.S. Amateur Championship, before turning pro in 1962.", "Golf instruction involves the teaching and learning of the game of golf.", "Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game.", "In some countries, golf instruction is best performed by teachers certified by the Professional Golfers Association.", "Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right.", "Professional golf instructors can use physical conditioning, mental visualization, classroom sessions, club fitting, driving range instruction, on-course play under real conditions, and review of videotaped swings in slow motion to teach golf to prepare the golfer for the course.", "There are at least twenty professional golf tours, each run by a PGA or an independent tour organization, which is responsible for arranging events, finding sponsors, and regulating the tour.", "Typically a tour has \"members\" who are entitled to compete in most of its events, and also invites non-members to compete in some of them.", "Gaining membership of an elite tour is highly competitive, and most professional golfers never achieve it.", "Perhaps the most widely known tour is the PGA Tour, which tends to attract the strongest fields, outside the four Majors and the four World Golf Championships events.", "This is due mostly to the fact that most PGA Tour events have a first prize of at least 800,000 USD.", "The European Tour, which attracts a substantial number of top golfers from outside North America, ranks second to the PGA Tour in worldwide prestige.", "Some top professionals from outside North America play enough tournaments to maintain membership on both the PGA Tour and European Tour.", "Since 2010, both tours' money titles have been claimed by the same individual three times, with Luke Donald doing so in 2011 and Rory McIlroy in 2012 and 2014.", "In 2013, Henrik Stenson won the FedEx Cup points race on the PGA Tour and the European Tour money title, but did not top the PGA Tour money list (that honour going to Tiger Woods).", "The other leading men's tours include the Japan Golf Tour, the Asian Tour (Asia outside Japan), the PGA Tour of Australasia, and the Sunshine Tour (for southern Africa, primarily South Africa).", "The Japan, Australasian, Sunshine, PGA, and European Tours are the charter members of the trade body of the world's main tours, the International Federation of PGA Tours, founded in 1996.", "The Asian Tour became a full member in 1999.", "The Canadian Tour became an associate member of the Federation in 2000, and the Tour de las Américas (Latin America) became an associate member of the Federation in 2007.", "The Federation underwent a major expansion in 2009 that saw eleven new tours become full members – the Canadian Tour, Tour de las Américas, China Golf Association, the Korea Professional Golfers' Association, Professional Golf Tour of India, and the operators of all six major women's tours worldwide.", "The OneAsia Tour, founded in 2009, is not a member of the Federation, but was founded as a joint venture of the Australasia, China, Japan, and Korean tours.", "In 2011, the Tour de las Américas was effectively taken over by the PGA Tour, and in 2012 was folded into the new PGA Tour Latinoamérica.", "Also in 2012, the Canadian Tour was renamed PGA Tour Canada after it agreed to be taken over by the PGA Tour.", "All men's tours that are Federation members, except the India tour, offer points in the Official World Golf Ranking (OWGR) to players who place sufficiently high in their events.", "The OneAsia Tour also offers ranking points.", "Golf is unique in having lucrative competition for older players.", "There are several senior tours for men aged fifty and over, arguably the best known of which is the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions.", "There are six principal tours for women, each based in a different country or continent.", "The most prestigious of these is the United States-based LPGA Tour.", "All of the principal tours offer points in the Women's World Golf Rankings for high finishers in their events.", "All of the leading professional tours for under-50 players have an official developmental tour, in which the leading players at the end of the season will earn a tour card on the main tour for the following season.", "Examples include the Korn Ferry Tour, which feeds to the PGA Tour, and the Challenge Tour, which is the developmental tour of the European Tour.", "The Korn Ferry and Challenge Tours also offer OWGR points.", "The major championships are the four most prestigious men's tournaments of the year.", "In chronological order they are: The Masters, the U.S. Open, The Open Championship (referred to in North America as the British Open) and the PGA Championship.", "The fields for these events include the top several dozen golfers from all over the world.", "The Masters has been played at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, since its inception in 1934.", "It is the only major championship that is played at the same course each year.", "The U.S. Open and PGA Championship are played at courses around the United States, while the Open Championship is played at courses around the United Kingdom.", "Prior to the advent of the PGA Championship and The Masters, the four Majors were the U.S. Open, the U.S. Amateur, the Open Championship, and the British Amateur.", "Women's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of majors recognised by the dominant women's tour, the LPGA Tour in the U.S., has changed several times over the years, with the most recent changes occurring in 2001 and 2013.", "Like the PGA Tour, the (U.S.) LPGA tour long had four majors, but now has five: the Chevron Championship (previously known by several other names, most recently the ANA Inspiration), the Women's PGA Championship (previously known as the LPGA Championship), the U.S. Women's Open, the Women's British Open (which replaced the du Maurier Classic as a major in 2001) and The Evian Championship (added as the fifth major in 2013).", "Only the last two are also recognised as majors by the Ladies European Tour.", "However, the significance of this is limited, as the LPGA is far more dominant in women's golf than the PGA Tour is in mainstream men's golf.", "For example, the BBC has been known to use the U.S. definition of \"women's majors\" without qualifying it.", "Also, the Ladies' Golf Union, the governing body for women's golf in Great Britain and Ireland, stated on its official website that the Women's British Open was \"the only Women's Major to be played outside the U.S.\" (this was before the elevation of The Evian Championship to major status).", "For many years, the Ladies European Tour tacitly acknowledged the dominance of the LPGA Tour by not scheduling any of its own events to conflict with the three LPGA majors played in the U.S., but that changed beginning in 2008, when the LET scheduled an event opposite the LPGA Championship.", "The second-richest women's tour, the LPGA of Japan Tour, does not recognise any of the U.S. LPGA or European majors as it has its own set of majors (historically three, since 2008 four).", "However, these events attract little notice outside Japan.", "Senior (aged fifty and over) men's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of senior majors on the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions has changed over the years, but always by expansion.", "PGA Tour Champions now recognises five majors: the Senior PGA Championship, The Tradition, the Senior Players Championship, the United States Senior Open, and The Senior (British) Open Championship.", "Of the five events, the Senior PGA is by far the oldest, having been founded in 1937.", "The other events all date from the 1980s, when senior golf became a commercial success as the first golf stars of the television era, such as Arnold Palmer and Gary Player, reached the relevant age.", "The Senior Open Championship was not recognised as a major by PGA Tour Champions until 2003.", "The European Senior Tour recognises only the Senior PGA and the two Senior Opens as majors.", "However, PGA Tour Champions is arguably more dominant in global senior golf than the U.S. LPGA is in global women's golf.", "Golf was featured in the Summer Olympic Games official programme in 1900 and 1904.", "After a 112-year absence, golf returned for the 2016 Rio Games.", "It was not until 1552 that the first woman golfer played the game.", "Mary Queen of Scots commissioned St. Andrew's Links.", "However, it was not until the 20th century that women were taken seriously and eventually broke the \"Gentlemen Only, Ladies Forbidden\" rule.", "Many men saw women as unfit to play the sport due to their supposed lack of strength and ability.", "In 1891 the newly built Shinnecock Hills nine-hole course in Southampton, New York became the first club to offer membership to women golfers.", "Four years later, in 1895, The U.S. Golf Association held the first Women's Amateur Championship tournament.", "Just like professional golfer Bobby Jones, Joyce Wethered was considered to be a star in the 1920s.", "Jones praised Wethered in 1930 after they had played an exhibition against each other.", "He doubted that there had ever been a better golfer, man or woman.", "However, Bobby Jones' comment was not enough for others to change their views on women golfers.", "The Royal Liverpool's club refused entry of Sir Henry Cotton's wife into the clubhouse in the late 1940s.", "The secretary of the club released a statement saying, \"No woman ever has entered the clubhouse and, praise God, no woman ever will.\"", "However, American golfer and all-around athlete Babe Zaharias did not have to enter the clubhouse.", "She was able to prove herself on the course, going on to become the first American to win the British Women's Amateur title in 1947.", "The following year she became the first woman to attempt to qualify for the U.S. Open, but her application was rejected by the USGA.", "They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only.", "The Ladies Professional Golf Association was formed in 1950 as a way to popularize the sport and provide competitive opportunities for golfers.", "The competitions were not the same for the men and women.", "It was not until 1972 that U.S. Congress passed the Title IX of the Education Amendments.", "\"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any education program or activities receiving Federal financial assistance.\"", "American Renee Powell moved to the UK in the 1970s to further her career, and became the first woman to play in a British men's tournament in 1977.", "As of 2016, women golfers were still fighting to have the same opportunities as male golfers.", "There is still a significant pay gap in the USGA.", "The USGA has a long history of writing bigger checks to winners of the men's U.S. Open than the U.S. Women's Open." ]

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[ "The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland.", "The 18-hole round was created at the Old Course at St Andrews in 1764.", "Golf's first major, and the world's oldest tournament in existence, is The Open Championship, also known as the British Open, which was first played in 1860 at the Prestwick Golf Club in Ayrshire, Scotland." ]

[ "While the modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scotland, the game's ancient origins are unclear and much debated.", "Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball.", "One theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century BC, and eventually evolved into the modern game.", "Others cite chuiwan (捶丸; \"chui\" means striking and \"wan\" means small ball) as the progenitor, a Chinese game played between the eighth and fourteenth centuries.", "A Ming Dynasty scroll by the artist Youqiu dating back to 1368 entitled \"The Autumn Banquet\" shows a member of the Chinese Imperial court swinging what appears to be a golf club at a small ball with the aim of sinking it into a hole.", "The game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages.", "Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France.", "The Persian game chowkan is another possible ancient origin, albeit being more polo-like.", "In addition, kolven (a game involving a ball and curved bats) was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V, a year earlier.", "The modern game originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is James II's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery.", "James IV lifted the ban in 1502 when he became a golfer himself, with golf clubs first recorded in 1503–1504: \"For golf clubbes and balles to the King that he playit with\".", "To many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews, a links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage.", "In 1764, the standard 18-hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes.", "Golf is documented as being played on Musselburgh Links, East Lothian, Scotland as early as 2 March 1672, which is certified as the oldest golf course in the world by \"Guinness World Records\".", "The oldest surviving rules of golf were compiled in March 1744 for the Company of Gentlemen Golfers, later renamed The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, which was played at Leith, Scotland.", "The world's oldest golf tournament in existence, and golf's first major, is The Open Championship, which was first played on 17 October 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club, in Ayrshire, Scotland, with Scottish golfers winning the earliest majors.", "Two Scotsmen from Dunfermline, John Reid and Robert Lockhart, first demonstrated golf in the U.S. by setting up a hole in an orchard in 1888, with Reid setting up America's first golf club the same year, Saint Andrew's Golf Club in Yonkers, New York.", "A golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a teeing ground or \"tee box\" that is set off by two markers showing the bounds of the legal tee area, fairway, rough and other hazards, and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the pin (normally a flagstick) and cup.", "The levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting in the case of the green.", "While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing area to the green, some holes may bend either to the left or to the right.", "This is commonly called a \"dogleg\", in reference to a dog's knee.", "The hole is called a \"dogleg left\" if the hole angles leftwards and \"dogleg right\" if it bends right.", "Sometimes, a hole's direction may bend twice; this is called a \"double dogleg\".", "A regular golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine-hole courses are common and can be played twice through for a full round of 18 holes.", "Early Scottish golf courses were primarily laid out on links land, soil-covered sand dunes directly inland from beaches.", "The word \"links\" derives from the Scots language and the Old English word \"hlinc\" (\"rising ground, ridge\"): traditionally these are coastal sand dunes but sometimes open parkland.", "This gave rise to the term \"golf links\", particularly applied to seaside courses and those built on naturally sandy soil inland.", "The first 18-hole golf course in the United States was on a sheep farm in Downers Grove, Illinois, in 1892.", "The course is still there today.", "Every round of golf is based on playing a number of holes in a given order.", "A \"round\" typically consists of 18 holes that are played in the order determined by the course layout.", "Each hole is played once in the round on a standard course of 18 holes.", "The game can be played by any number of people, although a typical group playing will have 1-4 people playing the round.", "The typical amount of time required for pace of play for a 9-hole round is two hours and four hours for an 18-hole round.", "Playing a hole on a golf course is initiated by putting a ball into play by striking it with a club on the teeing ground (also called the tee box, or simply the tee).", "For this first shot on each hole, it is allowed but not required for the golfer to place the ball on a tee prior to striking it.", "A tee is a small peg that can be used to elevate the ball slightly above the ground up to a few centimetres high.", "Tees are commonly made of wood but may be constructed of any material, including plastic.", "Traditionally, golfers used mounds of sand to elevate the ball, and containers of sand were provided for the purpose.", "A few courses still require sand to be used instead of peg tees, to reduce litter and reduce damage to the teeing ground.", "Tees help reduce the interference of the ground or grass on the movement of the club making the ball easier to hit, and also places the ball in the very centre of the striking face of the club (the \"sweet spot\") for better distance.", "When the initial shot on a hole is intended to move the ball a long distance, typically more than , the shot is commonly called a \"drive\" and is generally made with a long-shafted, large-headed wood club called a \"driver\".", "Shorter holes may be initiated with other clubs, such as higher-numbered woods or irons.", "Once the ball comes to rest, the golfer strikes it again as many times as necessary using shots that are variously known as a \"lay-up\", an \"approach\", a \"pitch\", or a \"chip\", until the ball reaches the green, where he or she then \"putts\" the ball into the hole (commonly called \"sinking the putt\" or \"holing out\").", "The goal of getting the ball into the hole (\"holing\" the ball) in as few strokes as possible may be impeded by obstacles such as areas of longer grass called \"rough\" (usually found alongside fairways), which both slows any ball that contacts it and makes it harder to advance a ball that has stopped on it; \"doglegs\", which are changes in the direction of the fairway that often require shorter shots to play around them; bunkers (or sand traps); and water hazards such as ponds or streams.", "In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules, each player plays their ball until it is holed no matter how many strokes that may take.", "In match play it is acceptable to simply pick up one's ball and \"surrender the hole\" after enough strokes have been made by a player that it is mathematically impossible for the player to win the hole.", "It is also acceptable in informal stroke play to surrender the hole after hitting three strokes more than the \"par\" rating of the hole (a \"triple bogey\" - see below); while technically a violation of Rule 3–2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids \"runaway scores\", excessive frustration and injuries caused by overexertion.", "The total distance from the first teeing ground to the 18th green can be quite long; total yardages \"through the green\" can be in excess of , and when adding in the travel distance between the green of one hole and the tee of the next, even skilled players may easily travel or more during a round.", "At some courses, electric golf carts are used to travel between shots, which can speed-up play and allows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round.", "On other courses players generally walk the course, either carrying their bag using a shoulder strap or using a \"golf trolley\" for their bag.", "These trolleys may or may not be battery assisted.", "At many amateur tournaments including U.S. high school and college play, players are required to walk and to carry their own bags, but at the professional and top amateur level, as well as at high-level private clubs, players may be accompanied by caddies, who carry and manage the players' equipment and who are allowed by the rules to give advice on the play of the course.", "A caddie's advice can only be given to the player or players for whom the caddie is working, and not to other competing players.", "The rules of golf are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by The R&A, spun off in 2004 from The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (founded 1754), and the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "With the aim of simplifying the rules, in 2017 the USGA and R&A undertook a complete rewrite.", "The new rule book came into effect in January 2019.", "The underlying principle of the rules is fairness.", "As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:\n\"Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair.", "\"\nThere are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers.", "Essentially, anybody who has ever received payment or compensation for giving instruction, or played golf for money, is not considered an amateur and may not participate in competitions limited solely to amateurs.", "However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status.", "In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette.", "Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course.", "Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience.", "Penalty strokes are incurred in certain situations and are counted towards a player's score as if there were extra swing(s) at the ball.", "Either one or two strokes are added for most rule infractions or for taking relief from various situations, with the \"general penalty\" defined as two-strokes, and disqualification for severe or repeated rule breaches.", "Examples include:", "Golf clubs are used to hit the golf ball.", "Each club is composed of a shaft with a lance (or \"grip\") on the top end and a club head on the bottom.", "Long clubs, which have a lower amount of degree loft, are those meant to propel the ball a comparatively longer distance, and short clubs a higher degree of loft and a comparatively shorter distance.", "The actual physical length of each club is longer or shorter, depending on the distance the club is intended to propel the ball.", "Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types.", "Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively \"open\" lies, such as the teeing ground and fairway.", "Of particular importance is the \"driver\" or \"1-wood\", which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to , or more, in a professional golfer's hands.", "Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials.", "Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with a metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face.", "Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy.", "Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps.", "The third class is the putter, which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole.", "Putters are virtually always used on the green or in the surrounding rough/fringe.", "A fourth class, called hybrids, evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but a higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature.", "A maximum of 14 clubs is allowed in a player's bag at one time during a stipulated round.", "The choice of clubs is at the golfer's discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules.", "(Clubs that meet these parameters are usually called \"conforming\".)", "Violation of these rules can result in disqualification.", "The exact shot hit at any given time on a golf course, and which club is used to accomplish the shot, are always completely at the discretion of the golfer; in other words, there is no restriction whatsoever on which club a golfer may or may not use at any time for any shot.", "Golf balls are spherical, usually white (although other colours are allowed), and minutely pock-marked by dimples that decrease aerodynamic drag by increasing air turbulence around the ball in motion, which delays \"boundary layer\" separation and reduces the drag-inducing \"wake\" behind the ball,\nthereby allowing the ball to fly farther.", "The combination of a soft \"boundary layer\" and a hard \"core\" enables both distance and spin.", "A tee is allowed only for the first stroke on each hole, unless the player must hit a provisional tee shot or replay their first shot from the tee.", "Many golfers wear golf shoes with metal or plastic spikes designed to increase traction, thus allowing for longer and more accurate shots.", "A golf bag is used to transport golf clubs and the player's other or personal equipment.", "Golf bags have several pockets designed for carrying equipment and supplies such as tees, balls, and gloves.", "Golf bags can be carried, pulled on a trolley or harnessed to a motorized golf cart during play.", "Golf bags usually have both a hand strap and shoulder strap for carrying, others may be carried over both shoulders like a backpack, and often bags have retractable legs that allow the bag to stand upright when at rest.", "The golf swing is outwardly similar to many other motions involving swinging a tool or playing implement, such as an axe or a baseball bat.", "However, unlike many of these motions, the result of the swing is highly dependent on several sub-motions being properly aligned and timed.", "These ensure that the club travels up to the ball in line with the desired path; that the clubface is in line with the swing path; and that the ball hits the centre or \"sweet spot\" of the clubface.", "The ability to do this consistently, across a complete set of clubs with a wide range of shaft lengths and clubface areas, is a key skill for any golfer, and takes a significant effort to achieve.", "Stance refers to how the golfer positions themselves in order to play a stroke; it is fundamentally important in being able to play a stroke effectively.", "The stance adopted is determined by what stroke is being played.", "All stances involve a slight crouch.", "This allows for a more efficient striking posture whilst also isometrically preloading the muscles of the legs and core; this allows the stroke to be played more dynamically and with a greater level of overall control.", "When adopting their stance golfers start with the non-dominant side of the body facing the target (for a right-hander, the target is to their left).", "Setting the stance in regard to the position of the ball, and placing the clubhead behind the ball, is known as being at address; when in this position the player's body and the centerline of the club face are positioned parallel to the desired line of travel, with the feet either perpendicular to that line or slightly splayed outward.", "The feet are commonly shoulder-width apart for middle irons and putters, narrower for short irons and wider for long irons and woods.", "The ball is typically positioned more to the \"front\" of the player's stance (closer to the leading foot) for lower-lofted clubs, with the usual ball position for a drive being just behind the arch of the leading foot.", "The ball is placed further \"back\" in the player's stance (toward the trailing foot) as the loft of the club to be used increases.", "Most iron shots and putts are made with the ball roughly centered in the stance, while a few mid- and short-iron shots are made with the ball slightly behind the centre of the stance to ensure consistent contact between the ball and clubface, so the ball is on its way before the club continues down into the turf.", "The golfer chooses a golf club, grip, and stroke appropriate to the distance:\n\n\nHaving chosen a club and stroke to produce the desired distance, the player addresses the ball by taking their stance to the side of it and (except when the ball lies in a hazard) grounding the club behind the ball.", "The golfer then takes their backswing, rotating the club, their arms and their upper body away from the ball, and then begins their swing, bringing the clubhead back down and around to hit the ball.", "A proper golf swing is a complex combination of motions, and slight variations in posture or positioning can make a great deal of difference in how well the ball is hit and how straight it travels.", "The general goal of a player making a full swing is to propel the clubhead as fast as possible while maintaining a single \"plane\" of motion of the club and clubhead, to send the clubhead into the ball along the desired path of travel and with the clubhead also pointing that direction.", "Accuracy and consistency are typically stressed over pure distance.", "A player with a straight drive that travels only will nevertheless be able to accurately place the ball into a favourable lie on the fairway, and can make up for the lesser distance of any given club by simply using \"more club\" (a lower loft) on their tee shot or on subsequent fairway and approach shots.", "However, a golfer with a drive that may go but often does not fly straight will be less able to position their ball advantageously; the ball may \"hook\", \"pull\", \"draw\", \"fade\", \"push\" or \"slice\" off the intended line and land out of bounds or in the rough or hazards, and thus the player will require many more strokes to hole out.", "A golf stroke uses the muscles of the core (especially erector spinae muscles and latissimus dorsi muscle when turning), hamstring, shoulder, and wrist.", "Stronger muscles in the wrist can prevent them from being twisted during swings, whilst stronger shoulders increase the turning force.", "Weak wrists can also transmit the force to elbows and even neck and lead to injury.", "(When a muscle contracts, it pulls equally from both ends and, to have movement at only one end of the muscle, other muscles must come into play to stabilize the bone to which the other end of the muscle is attached.)", "Golf is a unilateral exercise that can break body balances, requiring exercises to keep the balance in muscles.", "Putting is considered to be the most important component of the game of golf.", "As the game of golf has evolved, there have been many different putting techniques and grips that have been devised to give golfers the best chance to make putts.", "When the game originated, golfers would putt with their dominant hand on the bottom of the grip and their weak hand on top of the grip.", "This grip and putting style is known as \"conventional\".", "There are many variations of conventional including overlap, where the golfer overlaps the off hand index finger onto off the dominant pinky; interlock, where the offhand index finger interlocks with the dominant pinky and ring finger; double or triple overlap and so on.", "Recently, \"cross handed\" putting has become a popular trend amongst professional golfers and amateurs.", "Cross handed putting is the idea that the dominant hand is on top of the grip where the weak hand is on the bottom.", "This grip restricts the motion in your dominant hand and eliminates the possibility of wrist breakdowns through the putting stroke.", "Other notable putting styles include \"the claw\", a style that has the grip directly in between the thumb and index finger of the dominant hand while the palm faces the target.", "The weak hand placed normally on the putter.", "Anchored putting, a style that requires a longer putter shaft that can be anchored into the player's stomach or below the chin; the idea is to stabilize one end of the putter thus creating a more consistent pendulum stroke.", "This style has been banned on professional circuits since 2016.", "A hole is classified by its par, which gives an indication of the number of strokes a skilled golfer may be expected to need to complete play of the hole.", "The primary factor for classifying the par of a relatively straight, hazard-free hole is the distance from the tee to the green, and calculates the number of strokes a skilled golfer is expected to require to reach the green with an additional allowance of 2 putts.", "As such, the minimum par of any hole is 3; one stroke for the tee shot and two putts.", "Par 3, 4 and 5 holes are commonplace on golf courses; far more rarely, courses may feature par-6 and even par-7 holes.", "For men, a typical par-3 hole is less than in length, with a par-4 hole ranging between , and a par-5 hole being longer than ; for women these boundaries are lower, and for professionals they are much increased.", "The rare par-6s can stretch well over .", "These distances are based on the typical scratch golfer's drive distance of between .", "Although length is the primary factor in calculating par, other factors are taken into account; however the number of strokes a scratch golfer should take to make the green remains foremost.", "Factors affecting the calculation include altitude, gradient of the land from the tee to green, and forced \"lay-ups\" due to dog-legs (sharp bends) or obstacles (e.g. bunkers, water hazards).", "Getting the ball onto the green in two strokes less than par, and hence meeting the par calculation criteria, is called making \"green in regulation\" or GIR.", "Missing a GIR does not necessarily mean a golfer will not make par, but it does make doing so more difficult as it reduces the number of putts available; conversely, making a GIR does not guarantee a par, as the player might require three or more putts to \"hole out\".", "Professional golfers typically make between 60% and 70% of greens in regulation.", "Eighteen-hole courses typically total to an overall par score of 70 to 72 for a complete round; with most holes having a par of 4, and a smaller number of par-3 and par-5 holes.", "Additionally, courses may be classified according to their play difficulty, which may be used to calculate a golfer's handicap.", "The two primary difficulty ratings in the U.S. are the Course Rating, which is the expected score for a zero-handicap \"scratch golfer\", and the Slope Rating, which is a measure of how much worse a \"bogey golfer\" (handicap around 20) would be expected to play than a \"scratch golfer\" relative to their handicap.", "The goal is to play as few strokes per round as possible.", "A golfer's number of strokes in a hole, course, or tournament is compared to its respective par score, and is then reported either as the number that the golfer was \"under-\" or \"over-par\", or if it was \"equal to par\".", "A hole in one (or an \"ace\") occurs when a golfer sinks their ball into the cup with their first stroke from the tee.", "Common scores for a hole also have specific terms.", "In a typical professional tournament or among \"scratch\" amateur players, \"birdie-bogey\" play is common; a player will \"lose\" a stroke by bogeying a hole, then \"gain\" one by scoring a birdie.", "Eagles are uncommon but not rare; however, only 18 players have scored an albatross in a men's major championship.", "One of the rarest feats in golf is the condor, which has never occurred in a professional tournament.", "Only five condors have been verified to have ever occurred, although none of the courses involved were professionally accredited.", "There are two basic forms of golf play, match play and stroke play.", "Stroke play is more popular.", "Two players (or two teams) play each hole as a separate contest against each other in what is called match play.", "The party with the lower score wins that hole, or if the scores of both players or teams are equal the hole is \"halved\" (or tied).", "The game is won by the party that wins more holes than the other.", "In the case that one team or player has taken a lead that cannot be overcome in the number of holes remaining to be played, the match is deemed to be won by the party in the lead, and the remainder of the holes are not played.", "For example, if one party already has a lead of six holes, and only five holes remain to be played on the course, the match is over and the winning party is deemed to have won \"6 & 5\".", "At any given point, if the lead is equal to the number of holes remaining, the party leading the match is said to be \"dormie\", and the match is continued until the party increases the lead by one hole or ties any of the remaining holes, thereby winning the match, or until the match ends in a tie with the lead player's opponent winning all remaining holes.", "When the game is tied after the predetermined number of holes have been played, it may be continued until one side takes a one-hole lead.", "The score achieved for each and every hole of the round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins in stroke play.", "Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers.", "If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players.", "Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to a full 18.", "In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of their opponents wins the match.", "If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament.", "There are many variations in scoring and playing formats in the game of golf, some officially defined in the Rules of Golf.", "Variations include the popular Stableford scoring system, and various team formats.", "Some common and popular examples are listed below.", "There are also variations on the usual starting procedure where everyone begins from the first tee and plays all holes in order, through to the eighteenth.", "In large field tournaments, especially on professional tours, a two tee start is commonplace, where the field will be split between starting on the first tee and the tenth tee (sometimes the eighth or eleventh depending on proximity to the clubhouse).", "Shotgun starts are mainly used for amateur tournament or society play.", "In this variant, each of the groups playing starts their game on a different hole, allowing for all players to start and end their round at roughly the same time.", "For example, a group starting on hole 5 will play through to the 18th hole and continue with hole 1, ending their round on hole 4.", "A bogey or par competition is a scoring format sometimes seen in informal tournaments.", "Its scoring is similar to match play, except each player compares their hole score to the hole's par rating instead of the score of another player.", "The player \"wins\" the hole if they score a birdie or better, they \"lose\" the hole if they score a bogey or worse, and they \"halve\" the hole by scoring par.", "By recording only this simple win–loss–halve score on the sheet, a player can shrug off a very poorly-played hole with a simple \"-\" mark and move on.", "As used in competitions, the player or pair with the best win–loss differential wins the competition.", "The Stableford system is a simplification of stroke play that awards players points based on their score relative to the hole's par; the score for a hole is calculated by taking the par score, adding 2, then subtracting the player's hole score, making the result zero if negative.", "Alternately stated, a double bogey or worse is zero points, a bogey is worth one point, par is two, a birdie three, an eagle four, and so on.", "The advantages of this system over stroke play are a more natural \"higher is better\" scoring, the ability to compare Stableford scores between plays on courses with different total par scores (scoring an \"even\" in stroke play will always give a Stableford score of 36), discouraging the tendency to abandon the entire game after playing a particularly bad hole (a novice playing by strict rules may score as high as an 8 or 10 on a single difficult hole; their Stableford score for the hole would be zero, which puts them only two points behind par no matter how badly they played), and the ability to simply pick up one's ball once it is impossible to score any points for the hole, which speeds play.", "The USGA and R&A sanction a \"Modified Stableford\" system for scratch players, which makes par worth zero, a birdie worth 2, eagle 5 and double-eagle 8, while a bogey is a penalty of −1 and a double-bogey or worse −3.", "As with the original system, the highest score wins the game, and terrible scores on one or two holes will not ruin a player's overall score, but this system rewards \"bogey-birdie\" play more than the original, encouraging golfers to try to make riskier birdie putt or eagle chipshots instead of simply parring each hole.", "A handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's potential scoring ability over 18 holes.", "It is used to enable players of widely varying abilities to compete against one another.", "Better players are those with the lowest handicaps, and someone with a handicap of 0 or less is often referred to as a \"scratch golfer\".", "Handicap systems vary throughout the world and use different methods to assess courses and calculate handicaps.", "In order to address difficulties in translating between these systems the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new \"World Handicap System\" which is set to be introduced globally starting in 2020.", "Golf courses are assessed and rated according to the average good score of a scratch golfer, taking into account a multitude of factors affecting play, such as length, obstacles, undulations, etc.", "A player's handicap gives an indication of the number of strokes above this course rating that the player will make over the course of an \"average best\" round of golf, i.e. scoring near their potential, above average.", "Lower handicap players are generally the most consistent, so can be expected to play to this standard or better more often than higher handicappers.", "Some handicap systems also account for differences in scoring difficulty between low and high handicap golfer.", "They do this by means of assessing and rating courses according to the average good score of a \"bogey golfer\", a player with a handicap of around 20.", "This is used with the course rating to calculate a slope rating, which is used to adjust golfer's handicap to produce a \"playing handicap\" for the course and set of tees being used.", "Handicap systems have potential for abuse by players who may intentionally play badly to increase their handicap (sandbagging) before playing to their potential at an important event with a valuable prize.", "For this reason, handicaps are not used in professional golf, but they can still be calculated and used along with other criteria to determine the relative strengths of various professional players.", "Touring professionals, being the best of the best, have negative handicaps; they can be expected, more often than not, to score lower than the Course Rating on any course.", "In 2005 \"Golf Digest\" calculated that the countries with most golf courses per capita, in order, were: Scotland, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, Canada, Wales, United States, Sweden, and England (countries with fewer than 500,000 people were excluded).", "The number of courses in other territories has increased, an example of this being the expansion of golf in China.", "The first golf course in China opened in 1984, but by the end of 2009, there were roughly 600 in the country.", "For much of the 21st century, the development of new golf courses in China has been officially banned (with the exception of the island province of Hainan), but the number of courses had nonetheless tripled from 2004 to 2009; the \"ban\" has been evaded with the government's tacit approval simply by not mentioning golf in any development plans.", "In the United States, women made up 25 percent of golfers in 2021, which was up from 19 percent since 2011 and junior female golfers account for 35 percent or 1.1 million golfers.", "In the United States, the number of people who play golf twenty-five times or more per year decreased from 6.9 million in 2000 to 4.6 million in 2005, according to the National Golf Foundation.", "The NGF reported that the number who played golf at all decreased from 30 to 26 million over the same period.", "In February 1971, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first person to golf anywhere other than Earth.", "He smuggled a golf club and two golf balls on board Apollo 14 with the intent to golf on the Moon.", "He attempted two drives.", "He shanked the first attempt, but it is estimated his second went more than .", "Below are the top 20 countries that have the most golf courses as of 2019.", "The majority of professional golfers work as club or teaching professionals (\"pros\"), and only compete in local competitions.", "A small elite of professional golfers are \"tournament pros\" who compete full-time on international \"tours\".", "Many club and teaching professionals working in the golf industry start as caddies or with a general interest in the game, finding employment at golf courses and eventually moving on to certifications in their chosen profession.", "These programs include independent institutions and universities, and those that eventually lead to a Class A golf professional certification.", "Touring professionals typically start as amateur players, who attain their \"pro\" status after success in major tournaments that win them either prize money and/or notice from corporate sponsors.", "Jack Nicklaus, for example, gained widespread notice by finishing second in the 1960 U.S. Open to champion Arnold Palmer, with a 72-hole score of 282 (the best score to date in that tournament by an amateur).", "He played one more amateur year in 1961, winning that year's U.S. Amateur Championship, before turning pro in 1962.", "Golf instruction involves the teaching and learning of the game of golf.", "Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game.", "In some countries, golf instruction is best performed by teachers certified by the Professional Golfers Association.", "Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right.", "Professional golf instructors can use physical conditioning, mental visualization, classroom sessions, club fitting, driving range instruction, on-course play under real conditions, and review of videotaped swings in slow motion to teach golf to prepare the golfer for the course.", "There are at least twenty professional golf tours, each run by a PGA or an independent tour organization, which is responsible for arranging events, finding sponsors, and regulating the tour.", "Typically a tour has \"members\" who are entitled to compete in most of its events, and also invites non-members to compete in some of them.", "Gaining membership of an elite tour is highly competitive, and most professional golfers never achieve it.", "Perhaps the most widely known tour is the PGA Tour, which tends to attract the strongest fields, outside the four Majors and the four World Golf Championships events.", "This is due mostly to the fact that most PGA Tour events have a first prize of at least 800,000 USD.", "The European Tour, which attracts a substantial number of top golfers from outside North America, ranks second to the PGA Tour in worldwide prestige.", "Some top professionals from outside North America play enough tournaments to maintain membership on both the PGA Tour and European Tour.", "Since 2010, both tours' money titles have been claimed by the same individual three times, with Luke Donald doing so in 2011 and Rory McIlroy in 2012 and 2014.", "In 2013, Henrik Stenson won the FedEx Cup points race on the PGA Tour and the European Tour money title, but did not top the PGA Tour money list (that honour going to Tiger Woods).", "The other leading men's tours include the Japan Golf Tour, the Asian Tour (Asia outside Japan), the PGA Tour of Australasia, and the Sunshine Tour (for southern Africa, primarily South Africa).", "The Japan, Australasian, Sunshine, PGA, and European Tours are the charter members of the trade body of the world's main tours, the International Federation of PGA Tours, founded in 1996.", "The Asian Tour became a full member in 1999.", "The Canadian Tour became an associate member of the Federation in 2000, and the Tour de las Américas (Latin America) became an associate member of the Federation in 2007.", "The Federation underwent a major expansion in 2009 that saw eleven new tours become full members – the Canadian Tour, Tour de las Américas, China Golf Association, the Korea Professional Golfers' Association, Professional Golf Tour of India, and the operators of all six major women's tours worldwide.", "The OneAsia Tour, founded in 2009, is not a member of the Federation, but was founded as a joint venture of the Australasia, China, Japan, and Korean tours.", "In 2011, the Tour de las Américas was effectively taken over by the PGA Tour, and in 2012 was folded into the new PGA Tour Latinoamérica.", "Also in 2012, the Canadian Tour was renamed PGA Tour Canada after it agreed to be taken over by the PGA Tour.", "All men's tours that are Federation members, except the India tour, offer points in the Official World Golf Ranking (OWGR) to players who place sufficiently high in their events.", "The OneAsia Tour also offers ranking points.", "Golf is unique in having lucrative competition for older players.", "There are several senior tours for men aged fifty and over, arguably the best known of which is the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions.", "There are six principal tours for women, each based in a different country or continent.", "The most prestigious of these is the United States-based LPGA Tour.", "All of the principal tours offer points in the Women's World Golf Rankings for high finishers in their events.", "All of the leading professional tours for under-50 players have an official developmental tour, in which the leading players at the end of the season will earn a tour card on the main tour for the following season.", "Examples include the Korn Ferry Tour, which feeds to the PGA Tour, and the Challenge Tour, which is the developmental tour of the European Tour.", "The Korn Ferry and Challenge Tours also offer OWGR points.", "The major championships are the four most prestigious men's tournaments of the year.", "In chronological order they are: The Masters, the U.S. Open, The Open Championship (referred to in North America as the British Open) and the PGA Championship.", "The fields for these events include the top several dozen golfers from all over the world.", "The Masters has been played at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, since its inception in 1934.", "It is the only major championship that is played at the same course each year.", "The U.S. Open and PGA Championship are played at courses around the United States, while the Open Championship is played at courses around the United Kingdom.", "Prior to the advent of the PGA Championship and The Masters, the four Majors were the U.S. Open, the U.S. Amateur, the Open Championship, and the British Amateur.", "Women's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of majors recognised by the dominant women's tour, the LPGA Tour in the U.S., has changed several times over the years, with the most recent changes occurring in 2001 and 2013.", "Like the PGA Tour, the (U.S.) LPGA tour long had four majors, but now has five: the Chevron Championship (previously known by several other names, most recently the ANA Inspiration), the Women's PGA Championship (previously known as the LPGA Championship), the U.S. Women's Open, the Women's British Open (which replaced the du Maurier Classic as a major in 2001) and The Evian Championship (added as the fifth major in 2013).", "Only the last two are also recognised as majors by the Ladies European Tour.", "However, the significance of this is limited, as the LPGA is far more dominant in women's golf than the PGA Tour is in mainstream men's golf.", "For example, the BBC has been known to use the U.S. definition of \"women's majors\" without qualifying it.", "Also, the Ladies' Golf Union, the governing body for women's golf in Great Britain and Ireland, stated on its official website that the Women's British Open was \"the only Women's Major to be played outside the U.S.\" (this was before the elevation of The Evian Championship to major status).", "For many years, the Ladies European Tour tacitly acknowledged the dominance of the LPGA Tour by not scheduling any of its own events to conflict with the three LPGA majors played in the U.S., but that changed beginning in 2008, when the LET scheduled an event opposite the LPGA Championship.", "The second-richest women's tour, the LPGA of Japan Tour, does not recognise any of the U.S. LPGA or European majors as it has its own set of majors (historically three, since 2008 four).", "However, these events attract little notice outside Japan.", "Senior (aged fifty and over) men's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of senior majors on the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions has changed over the years, but always by expansion.", "PGA Tour Champions now recognises five majors: the Senior PGA Championship, The Tradition, the Senior Players Championship, the United States Senior Open, and The Senior (British) Open Championship.", "Of the five events, the Senior PGA is by far the oldest, having been founded in 1937.", "The other events all date from the 1980s, when senior golf became a commercial success as the first golf stars of the television era, such as Arnold Palmer and Gary Player, reached the relevant age.", "The Senior Open Championship was not recognised as a major by PGA Tour Champions until 2003.", "The European Senior Tour recognises only the Senior PGA and the two Senior Opens as majors.", "However, PGA Tour Champions is arguably more dominant in global senior golf than the U.S. LPGA is in global women's golf.", "Golf was featured in the Summer Olympic Games official programme in 1900 and 1904.", "After a 112-year absence, golf returned for the 2016 Rio Games.", "It was not until 1552 that the first woman golfer played the game.", "Mary Queen of Scots commissioned St. Andrew's Links.", "However, it was not until the 20th century that women were taken seriously and eventually broke the \"Gentlemen Only, Ladies Forbidden\" rule.", "Many men saw women as unfit to play the sport due to their supposed lack of strength and ability.", "In 1891 the newly built Shinnecock Hills nine-hole course in Southampton, New York became the first club to offer membership to women golfers.", "Four years later, in 1895, The U.S. Golf Association held the first Women's Amateur Championship tournament.", "Just like professional golfer Bobby Jones, Joyce Wethered was considered to be a star in the 1920s.", "Jones praised Wethered in 1930 after they had played an exhibition against each other.", "He doubted that there had ever been a better golfer, man or woman.", "However, Bobby Jones' comment was not enough for others to change their views on women golfers.", "The Royal Liverpool's club refused entry of Sir Henry Cotton's wife into the clubhouse in the late 1940s.", "The secretary of the club released a statement saying, \"No woman ever has entered the clubhouse and, praise God, no woman ever will.\"", "However, American golfer and all-around athlete Babe Zaharias did not have to enter the clubhouse.", "She was able to prove herself on the course, going on to become the first American to win the British Women's Amateur title in 1947.", "The following year she became the first woman to attempt to qualify for the U.S. Open, but her application was rejected by the USGA.", "They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only.", "The Ladies Professional Golf Association was formed in 1950 as a way to popularize the sport and provide competitive opportunities for golfers.", "The competitions were not the same for the men and women.", "It was not until 1972 that U.S. Congress passed the Title IX of the Education Amendments.", "\"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any education program or activities receiving Federal financial assistance.\"", "American Renee Powell moved to the UK in the 1970s to further her career, and became the first woman to play in a British men's tournament in 1977.", "As of 2016, women golfers were still fighting to have the same opportunities as male golfers.", "There is still a significant pay gap in the USGA.", "The USGA has a long history of writing bigger checks to winners of the men's U.S. Open than the U.S. Women's Open." ]

[ 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 ]

[ "The game at the usual level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, often having nine holes.", "Each hole on the course must contain a teeing ground to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup in diameter." ]

[ "While the modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scotland, the game's ancient origins are unclear and much debated.", "Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball.", "One theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century BC, and eventually evolved into the modern game.", "Others cite chuiwan (捶丸; \"chui\" means striking and \"wan\" means small ball) as the progenitor, a Chinese game played between the eighth and fourteenth centuries.", "A Ming Dynasty scroll by the artist Youqiu dating back to 1368 entitled \"The Autumn Banquet\" shows a member of the Chinese Imperial court swinging what appears to be a golf club at a small ball with the aim of sinking it into a hole.", "The game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages.", "Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France.", "The Persian game chowkan is another possible ancient origin, albeit being more polo-like.", "In addition, kolven (a game involving a ball and curved bats) was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V, a year earlier.", "The modern game originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is James II's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery.", "James IV lifted the ban in 1502 when he became a golfer himself, with golf clubs first recorded in 1503–1504: \"For golf clubbes and balles to the King that he playit with\".", "To many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews, a links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage.", "In 1764, the standard 18-hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes.", "Golf is documented as being played on Musselburgh Links, East Lothian, Scotland as early as 2 March 1672, which is certified as the oldest golf course in the world by \"Guinness World Records\".", "The oldest surviving rules of golf were compiled in March 1744 for the Company of Gentlemen Golfers, later renamed The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, which was played at Leith, Scotland.", "The world's oldest golf tournament in existence, and golf's first major, is The Open Championship, which was first played on 17 October 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club, in Ayrshire, Scotland, with Scottish golfers winning the earliest majors.", "Two Scotsmen from Dunfermline, John Reid and Robert Lockhart, first demonstrated golf in the U.S. by setting up a hole in an orchard in 1888, with Reid setting up America's first golf club the same year, Saint Andrew's Golf Club in Yonkers, New York.", "A golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a teeing ground or \"tee box\" that is set off by two markers showing the bounds of the legal tee area, fairway, rough and other hazards, and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the pin (normally a flagstick) and cup.", "The levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting in the case of the green.", "While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing area to the green, some holes may bend either to the left or to the right.", "This is commonly called a \"dogleg\", in reference to a dog's knee.", "The hole is called a \"dogleg left\" if the hole angles leftwards and \"dogleg right\" if it bends right.", "Sometimes, a hole's direction may bend twice; this is called a \"double dogleg\".", "A regular golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine-hole courses are common and can be played twice through for a full round of 18 holes.", "Early Scottish golf courses were primarily laid out on links land, soil-covered sand dunes directly inland from beaches.", "The word \"links\" derives from the Scots language and the Old English word \"hlinc\" (\"rising ground, ridge\"): traditionally these are coastal sand dunes but sometimes open parkland.", "This gave rise to the term \"golf links\", particularly applied to seaside courses and those built on naturally sandy soil inland.", "The first 18-hole golf course in the United States was on a sheep farm in Downers Grove, Illinois, in 1892.", "The course is still there today.", "Every round of golf is based on playing a number of holes in a given order.", "A \"round\" typically consists of 18 holes that are played in the order determined by the course layout.", "Each hole is played once in the round on a standard course of 18 holes.", "The game can be played by any number of people, although a typical group playing will have 1-4 people playing the round.", "The typical amount of time required for pace of play for a 9-hole round is two hours and four hours for an 18-hole round.", "Playing a hole on a golf course is initiated by putting a ball into play by striking it with a club on the teeing ground (also called the tee box, or simply the tee).", "For this first shot on each hole, it is allowed but not required for the golfer to place the ball on a tee prior to striking it.", "A tee is a small peg that can be used to elevate the ball slightly above the ground up to a few centimetres high.", "Tees are commonly made of wood but may be constructed of any material, including plastic.", "Traditionally, golfers used mounds of sand to elevate the ball, and containers of sand were provided for the purpose.", "A few courses still require sand to be used instead of peg tees, to reduce litter and reduce damage to the teeing ground.", "Tees help reduce the interference of the ground or grass on the movement of the club making the ball easier to hit, and also places the ball in the very centre of the striking face of the club (the \"sweet spot\") for better distance.", "When the initial shot on a hole is intended to move the ball a long distance, typically more than , the shot is commonly called a \"drive\" and is generally made with a long-shafted, large-headed wood club called a \"driver\".", "Shorter holes may be initiated with other clubs, such as higher-numbered woods or irons.", "Once the ball comes to rest, the golfer strikes it again as many times as necessary using shots that are variously known as a \"lay-up\", an \"approach\", a \"pitch\", or a \"chip\", until the ball reaches the green, where he or she then \"putts\" the ball into the hole (commonly called \"sinking the putt\" or \"holing out\").", "The goal of getting the ball into the hole (\"holing\" the ball) in as few strokes as possible may be impeded by obstacles such as areas of longer grass called \"rough\" (usually found alongside fairways), which both slows any ball that contacts it and makes it harder to advance a ball that has stopped on it; \"doglegs\", which are changes in the direction of the fairway that often require shorter shots to play around them; bunkers (or sand traps); and water hazards such as ponds or streams.", "In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules, each player plays their ball until it is holed no matter how many strokes that may take.", "In match play it is acceptable to simply pick up one's ball and \"surrender the hole\" after enough strokes have been made by a player that it is mathematically impossible for the player to win the hole.", "It is also acceptable in informal stroke play to surrender the hole after hitting three strokes more than the \"par\" rating of the hole (a \"triple bogey\" - see below); while technically a violation of Rule 3–2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids \"runaway scores\", excessive frustration and injuries caused by overexertion.", "The total distance from the first teeing ground to the 18th green can be quite long; total yardages \"through the green\" can be in excess of , and when adding in the travel distance between the green of one hole and the tee of the next, even skilled players may easily travel or more during a round.", "At some courses, electric golf carts are used to travel between shots, which can speed-up play and allows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round.", "On other courses players generally walk the course, either carrying their bag using a shoulder strap or using a \"golf trolley\" for their bag.", "These trolleys may or may not be battery assisted.", "At many amateur tournaments including U.S. high school and college play, players are required to walk and to carry their own bags, but at the professional and top amateur level, as well as at high-level private clubs, players may be accompanied by caddies, who carry and manage the players' equipment and who are allowed by the rules to give advice on the play of the course.", "A caddie's advice can only be given to the player or players for whom the caddie is working, and not to other competing players.", "The rules of golf are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by The R&A, spun off in 2004 from The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (founded 1754), and the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "With the aim of simplifying the rules, in 2017 the USGA and R&A undertook a complete rewrite.", "The new rule book came into effect in January 2019.", "The underlying principle of the rules is fairness.", "As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:\n\"Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair.", "\"\nThere are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers.", "Essentially, anybody who has ever received payment or compensation for giving instruction, or played golf for money, is not considered an amateur and may not participate in competitions limited solely to amateurs.", "However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status.", "In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette.", "Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course.", "Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience.", "Penalty strokes are incurred in certain situations and are counted towards a player's score as if there were extra swing(s) at the ball.", "Either one or two strokes are added for most rule infractions or for taking relief from various situations, with the \"general penalty\" defined as two-strokes, and disqualification for severe or repeated rule breaches.", "Examples include:", "Golf clubs are used to hit the golf ball.", "Each club is composed of a shaft with a lance (or \"grip\") on the top end and a club head on the bottom.", "Long clubs, which have a lower amount of degree loft, are those meant to propel the ball a comparatively longer distance, and short clubs a higher degree of loft and a comparatively shorter distance.", "The actual physical length of each club is longer or shorter, depending on the distance the club is intended to propel the ball.", "Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types.", "Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively \"open\" lies, such as the teeing ground and fairway.", "Of particular importance is the \"driver\" or \"1-wood\", which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to , or more, in a professional golfer's hands.", "Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials.", "Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with a metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face.", "Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy.", "Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps.", "The third class is the putter, which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole.", "Putters are virtually always used on the green or in the surrounding rough/fringe.", "A fourth class, called hybrids, evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but a higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature.", "A maximum of 14 clubs is allowed in a player's bag at one time during a stipulated round.", "The choice of clubs is at the golfer's discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules.", "(Clubs that meet these parameters are usually called \"conforming\".)", "Violation of these rules can result in disqualification.", "The exact shot hit at any given time on a golf course, and which club is used to accomplish the shot, are always completely at the discretion of the golfer; in other words, there is no restriction whatsoever on which club a golfer may or may not use at any time for any shot.", "Golf balls are spherical, usually white (although other colours are allowed), and minutely pock-marked by dimples that decrease aerodynamic drag by increasing air turbulence around the ball in motion, which delays \"boundary layer\" separation and reduces the drag-inducing \"wake\" behind the ball,\nthereby allowing the ball to fly farther.", "The combination of a soft \"boundary layer\" and a hard \"core\" enables both distance and spin.", "A tee is allowed only for the first stroke on each hole, unless the player must hit a provisional tee shot or replay their first shot from the tee.", "Many golfers wear golf shoes with metal or plastic spikes designed to increase traction, thus allowing for longer and more accurate shots.", "A golf bag is used to transport golf clubs and the player's other or personal equipment.", "Golf bags have several pockets designed for carrying equipment and supplies such as tees, balls, and gloves.", "Golf bags can be carried, pulled on a trolley or harnessed to a motorized golf cart during play.", "Golf bags usually have both a hand strap and shoulder strap for carrying, others may be carried over both shoulders like a backpack, and often bags have retractable legs that allow the bag to stand upright when at rest.", "The golf swing is outwardly similar to many other motions involving swinging a tool or playing implement, such as an axe or a baseball bat.", "However, unlike many of these motions, the result of the swing is highly dependent on several sub-motions being properly aligned and timed.", "These ensure that the club travels up to the ball in line with the desired path; that the clubface is in line with the swing path; and that the ball hits the centre or \"sweet spot\" of the clubface.", "The ability to do this consistently, across a complete set of clubs with a wide range of shaft lengths and clubface areas, is a key skill for any golfer, and takes a significant effort to achieve.", "Stance refers to how the golfer positions themselves in order to play a stroke; it is fundamentally important in being able to play a stroke effectively.", "The stance adopted is determined by what stroke is being played.", "All stances involve a slight crouch.", "This allows for a more efficient striking posture whilst also isometrically preloading the muscles of the legs and core; this allows the stroke to be played more dynamically and with a greater level of overall control.", "When adopting their stance golfers start with the non-dominant side of the body facing the target (for a right-hander, the target is to their left).", "Setting the stance in regard to the position of the ball, and placing the clubhead behind the ball, is known as being at address; when in this position the player's body and the centerline of the club face are positioned parallel to the desired line of travel, with the feet either perpendicular to that line or slightly splayed outward.", "The feet are commonly shoulder-width apart for middle irons and putters, narrower for short irons and wider for long irons and woods.", "The ball is typically positioned more to the \"front\" of the player's stance (closer to the leading foot) for lower-lofted clubs, with the usual ball position for a drive being just behind the arch of the leading foot.", "The ball is placed further \"back\" in the player's stance (toward the trailing foot) as the loft of the club to be used increases.", "Most iron shots and putts are made with the ball roughly centered in the stance, while a few mid- and short-iron shots are made with the ball slightly behind the centre of the stance to ensure consistent contact between the ball and clubface, so the ball is on its way before the club continues down into the turf.", "The golfer chooses a golf club, grip, and stroke appropriate to the distance:\n\n\nHaving chosen a club and stroke to produce the desired distance, the player addresses the ball by taking their stance to the side of it and (except when the ball lies in a hazard) grounding the club behind the ball.", "The golfer then takes their backswing, rotating the club, their arms and their upper body away from the ball, and then begins their swing, bringing the clubhead back down and around to hit the ball.", "A proper golf swing is a complex combination of motions, and slight variations in posture or positioning can make a great deal of difference in how well the ball is hit and how straight it travels.", "The general goal of a player making a full swing is to propel the clubhead as fast as possible while maintaining a single \"plane\" of motion of the club and clubhead, to send the clubhead into the ball along the desired path of travel and with the clubhead also pointing that direction.", "Accuracy and consistency are typically stressed over pure distance.", "A player with a straight drive that travels only will nevertheless be able to accurately place the ball into a favourable lie on the fairway, and can make up for the lesser distance of any given club by simply using \"more club\" (a lower loft) on their tee shot or on subsequent fairway and approach shots.", "However, a golfer with a drive that may go but often does not fly straight will be less able to position their ball advantageously; the ball may \"hook\", \"pull\", \"draw\", \"fade\", \"push\" or \"slice\" off the intended line and land out of bounds or in the rough or hazards, and thus the player will require many more strokes to hole out.", "A golf stroke uses the muscles of the core (especially erector spinae muscles and latissimus dorsi muscle when turning), hamstring, shoulder, and wrist.", "Stronger muscles in the wrist can prevent them from being twisted during swings, whilst stronger shoulders increase the turning force.", "Weak wrists can also transmit the force to elbows and even neck and lead to injury.", "(When a muscle contracts, it pulls equally from both ends and, to have movement at only one end of the muscle, other muscles must come into play to stabilize the bone to which the other end of the muscle is attached.)", "Golf is a unilateral exercise that can break body balances, requiring exercises to keep the balance in muscles.", "Putting is considered to be the most important component of the game of golf.", "As the game of golf has evolved, there have been many different putting techniques and grips that have been devised to give golfers the best chance to make putts.", "When the game originated, golfers would putt with their dominant hand on the bottom of the grip and their weak hand on top of the grip.", "This grip and putting style is known as \"conventional\".", "There are many variations of conventional including overlap, where the golfer overlaps the off hand index finger onto off the dominant pinky; interlock, where the offhand index finger interlocks with the dominant pinky and ring finger; double or triple overlap and so on.", "Recently, \"cross handed\" putting has become a popular trend amongst professional golfers and amateurs.", "Cross handed putting is the idea that the dominant hand is on top of the grip where the weak hand is on the bottom.", "This grip restricts the motion in your dominant hand and eliminates the possibility of wrist breakdowns through the putting stroke.", "Other notable putting styles include \"the claw\", a style that has the grip directly in between the thumb and index finger of the dominant hand while the palm faces the target.", "The weak hand placed normally on the putter.", "Anchored putting, a style that requires a longer putter shaft that can be anchored into the player's stomach or below the chin; the idea is to stabilize one end of the putter thus creating a more consistent pendulum stroke.", "This style has been banned on professional circuits since 2016.", "A hole is classified by its par, which gives an indication of the number of strokes a skilled golfer may be expected to need to complete play of the hole.", "The primary factor for classifying the par of a relatively straight, hazard-free hole is the distance from the tee to the green, and calculates the number of strokes a skilled golfer is expected to require to reach the green with an additional allowance of 2 putts.", "As such, the minimum par of any hole is 3; one stroke for the tee shot and two putts.", "Par 3, 4 and 5 holes are commonplace on golf courses; far more rarely, courses may feature par-6 and even par-7 holes.", "For men, a typical par-3 hole is less than in length, with a par-4 hole ranging between , and a par-5 hole being longer than ; for women these boundaries are lower, and for professionals they are much increased.", "The rare par-6s can stretch well over .", "These distances are based on the typical scratch golfer's drive distance of between .", "Although length is the primary factor in calculating par, other factors are taken into account; however the number of strokes a scratch golfer should take to make the green remains foremost.", "Factors affecting the calculation include altitude, gradient of the land from the tee to green, and forced \"lay-ups\" due to dog-legs (sharp bends) or obstacles (e.g. bunkers, water hazards).", "Getting the ball onto the green in two strokes less than par, and hence meeting the par calculation criteria, is called making \"green in regulation\" or GIR.", "Missing a GIR does not necessarily mean a golfer will not make par, but it does make doing so more difficult as it reduces the number of putts available; conversely, making a GIR does not guarantee a par, as the player might require three or more putts to \"hole out\".", "Professional golfers typically make between 60% and 70% of greens in regulation.", "Eighteen-hole courses typically total to an overall par score of 70 to 72 for a complete round; with most holes having a par of 4, and a smaller number of par-3 and par-5 holes.", "Additionally, courses may be classified according to their play difficulty, which may be used to calculate a golfer's handicap.", "The two primary difficulty ratings in the U.S. are the Course Rating, which is the expected score for a zero-handicap \"scratch golfer\", and the Slope Rating, which is a measure of how much worse a \"bogey golfer\" (handicap around 20) would be expected to play than a \"scratch golfer\" relative to their handicap.", "The goal is to play as few strokes per round as possible.", "A golfer's number of strokes in a hole, course, or tournament is compared to its respective par score, and is then reported either as the number that the golfer was \"under-\" or \"over-par\", or if it was \"equal to par\".", "A hole in one (or an \"ace\") occurs when a golfer sinks their ball into the cup with their first stroke from the tee.", "Common scores for a hole also have specific terms.", "In a typical professional tournament or among \"scratch\" amateur players, \"birdie-bogey\" play is common; a player will \"lose\" a stroke by bogeying a hole, then \"gain\" one by scoring a birdie.", "Eagles are uncommon but not rare; however, only 18 players have scored an albatross in a men's major championship.", "One of the rarest feats in golf is the condor, which has never occurred in a professional tournament.", "Only five condors have been verified to have ever occurred, although none of the courses involved were professionally accredited.", "There are two basic forms of golf play, match play and stroke play.", "Stroke play is more popular.", "Two players (or two teams) play each hole as a separate contest against each other in what is called match play.", "The party with the lower score wins that hole, or if the scores of both players or teams are equal the hole is \"halved\" (or tied).", "The game is won by the party that wins more holes than the other.", "In the case that one team or player has taken a lead that cannot be overcome in the number of holes remaining to be played, the match is deemed to be won by the party in the lead, and the remainder of the holes are not played.", "For example, if one party already has a lead of six holes, and only five holes remain to be played on the course, the match is over and the winning party is deemed to have won \"6 & 5\".", "At any given point, if the lead is equal to the number of holes remaining, the party leading the match is said to be \"dormie\", and the match is continued until the party increases the lead by one hole or ties any of the remaining holes, thereby winning the match, or until the match ends in a tie with the lead player's opponent winning all remaining holes.", "When the game is tied after the predetermined number of holes have been played, it may be continued until one side takes a one-hole lead.", "The score achieved for each and every hole of the round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins in stroke play.", "Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers.", "If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players.", "Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to a full 18.", "In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of their opponents wins the match.", "If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament.", "There are many variations in scoring and playing formats in the game of golf, some officially defined in the Rules of Golf.", "Variations include the popular Stableford scoring system, and various team formats.", "Some common and popular examples are listed below.", "There are also variations on the usual starting procedure where everyone begins from the first tee and plays all holes in order, through to the eighteenth.", "In large field tournaments, especially on professional tours, a two tee start is commonplace, where the field will be split between starting on the first tee and the tenth tee (sometimes the eighth or eleventh depending on proximity to the clubhouse).", "Shotgun starts are mainly used for amateur tournament or society play.", "In this variant, each of the groups playing starts their game on a different hole, allowing for all players to start and end their round at roughly the same time.", "For example, a group starting on hole 5 will play through to the 18th hole and continue with hole 1, ending their round on hole 4.", "A bogey or par competition is a scoring format sometimes seen in informal tournaments.", "Its scoring is similar to match play, except each player compares their hole score to the hole's par rating instead of the score of another player.", "The player \"wins\" the hole if they score a birdie or better, they \"lose\" the hole if they score a bogey or worse, and they \"halve\" the hole by scoring par.", "By recording only this simple win–loss–halve score on the sheet, a player can shrug off a very poorly-played hole with a simple \"-\" mark and move on.", "As used in competitions, the player or pair with the best win–loss differential wins the competition.", "The Stableford system is a simplification of stroke play that awards players points based on their score relative to the hole's par; the score for a hole is calculated by taking the par score, adding 2, then subtracting the player's hole score, making the result zero if negative.", "Alternately stated, a double bogey or worse is zero points, a bogey is worth one point, par is two, a birdie three, an eagle four, and so on.", "The advantages of this system over stroke play are a more natural \"higher is better\" scoring, the ability to compare Stableford scores between plays on courses with different total par scores (scoring an \"even\" in stroke play will always give a Stableford score of 36), discouraging the tendency to abandon the entire game after playing a particularly bad hole (a novice playing by strict rules may score as high as an 8 or 10 on a single difficult hole; their Stableford score for the hole would be zero, which puts them only two points behind par no matter how badly they played), and the ability to simply pick up one's ball once it is impossible to score any points for the hole, which speeds play.", "The USGA and R&A sanction a \"Modified Stableford\" system for scratch players, which makes par worth zero, a birdie worth 2, eagle 5 and double-eagle 8, while a bogey is a penalty of −1 and a double-bogey or worse −3.", "As with the original system, the highest score wins the game, and terrible scores on one or two holes will not ruin a player's overall score, but this system rewards \"bogey-birdie\" play more than the original, encouraging golfers to try to make riskier birdie putt or eagle chipshots instead of simply parring each hole.", "A handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's potential scoring ability over 18 holes.", "It is used to enable players of widely varying abilities to compete against one another.", "Better players are those with the lowest handicaps, and someone with a handicap of 0 or less is often referred to as a \"scratch golfer\".", "Handicap systems vary throughout the world and use different methods to assess courses and calculate handicaps.", "In order to address difficulties in translating between these systems the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new \"World Handicap System\" which is set to be introduced globally starting in 2020.", "Golf courses are assessed and rated according to the average good score of a scratch golfer, taking into account a multitude of factors affecting play, such as length, obstacles, undulations, etc.", "A player's handicap gives an indication of the number of strokes above this course rating that the player will make over the course of an \"average best\" round of golf, i.e. scoring near their potential, above average.", "Lower handicap players are generally the most consistent, so can be expected to play to this standard or better more often than higher handicappers.", "Some handicap systems also account for differences in scoring difficulty between low and high handicap golfer.", "They do this by means of assessing and rating courses according to the average good score of a \"bogey golfer\", a player with a handicap of around 20.", "This is used with the course rating to calculate a slope rating, which is used to adjust golfer's handicap to produce a \"playing handicap\" for the course and set of tees being used.", "Handicap systems have potential for abuse by players who may intentionally play badly to increase their handicap (sandbagging) before playing to their potential at an important event with a valuable prize.", "For this reason, handicaps are not used in professional golf, but they can still be calculated and used along with other criteria to determine the relative strengths of various professional players.", "Touring professionals, being the best of the best, have negative handicaps; they can be expected, more often than not, to score lower than the Course Rating on any course.", "In 2005 \"Golf Digest\" calculated that the countries with most golf courses per capita, in order, were: Scotland, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, Canada, Wales, United States, Sweden, and England (countries with fewer than 500,000 people were excluded).", "The number of courses in other territories has increased, an example of this being the expansion of golf in China.", "The first golf course in China opened in 1984, but by the end of 2009, there were roughly 600 in the country.", "For much of the 21st century, the development of new golf courses in China has been officially banned (with the exception of the island province of Hainan), but the number of courses had nonetheless tripled from 2004 to 2009; the \"ban\" has been evaded with the government's tacit approval simply by not mentioning golf in any development plans.", "In the United States, women made up 25 percent of golfers in 2021, which was up from 19 percent since 2011 and junior female golfers account for 35 percent or 1.1 million golfers.", "In the United States, the number of people who play golf twenty-five times or more per year decreased from 6.9 million in 2000 to 4.6 million in 2005, according to the National Golf Foundation.", "The NGF reported that the number who played golf at all decreased from 30 to 26 million over the same period.", "In February 1971, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first person to golf anywhere other than Earth.", "He smuggled a golf club and two golf balls on board Apollo 14 with the intent to golf on the Moon.", "He attempted two drives.", "He shanked the first attempt, but it is estimated his second went more than .", "Below are the top 20 countries that have the most golf courses as of 2019.", "The majority of professional golfers work as club or teaching professionals (\"pros\"), and only compete in local competitions.", "A small elite of professional golfers are \"tournament pros\" who compete full-time on international \"tours\".", "Many club and teaching professionals working in the golf industry start as caddies or with a general interest in the game, finding employment at golf courses and eventually moving on to certifications in their chosen profession.", "These programs include independent institutions and universities, and those that eventually lead to a Class A golf professional certification.", "Touring professionals typically start as amateur players, who attain their \"pro\" status after success in major tournaments that win them either prize money and/or notice from corporate sponsors.", "Jack Nicklaus, for example, gained widespread notice by finishing second in the 1960 U.S. Open to champion Arnold Palmer, with a 72-hole score of 282 (the best score to date in that tournament by an amateur).", "He played one more amateur year in 1961, winning that year's U.S. Amateur Championship, before turning pro in 1962.", "Golf instruction involves the teaching and learning of the game of golf.", "Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game.", "In some countries, golf instruction is best performed by teachers certified by the Professional Golfers Association.", "Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right.", "Professional golf instructors can use physical conditioning, mental visualization, classroom sessions, club fitting, driving range instruction, on-course play under real conditions, and review of videotaped swings in slow motion to teach golf to prepare the golfer for the course.", "There are at least twenty professional golf tours, each run by a PGA or an independent tour organization, which is responsible for arranging events, finding sponsors, and regulating the tour.", "Typically a tour has \"members\" who are entitled to compete in most of its events, and also invites non-members to compete in some of them.", "Gaining membership of an elite tour is highly competitive, and most professional golfers never achieve it.", "Perhaps the most widely known tour is the PGA Tour, which tends to attract the strongest fields, outside the four Majors and the four World Golf Championships events.", "This is due mostly to the fact that most PGA Tour events have a first prize of at least 800,000 USD.", "The European Tour, which attracts a substantial number of top golfers from outside North America, ranks second to the PGA Tour in worldwide prestige.", "Some top professionals from outside North America play enough tournaments to maintain membership on both the PGA Tour and European Tour.", "Since 2010, both tours' money titles have been claimed by the same individual three times, with Luke Donald doing so in 2011 and Rory McIlroy in 2012 and 2014.", "In 2013, Henrik Stenson won the FedEx Cup points race on the PGA Tour and the European Tour money title, but did not top the PGA Tour money list (that honour going to Tiger Woods).", "The other leading men's tours include the Japan Golf Tour, the Asian Tour (Asia outside Japan), the PGA Tour of Australasia, and the Sunshine Tour (for southern Africa, primarily South Africa).", "The Japan, Australasian, Sunshine, PGA, and European Tours are the charter members of the trade body of the world's main tours, the International Federation of PGA Tours, founded in 1996.", "The Asian Tour became a full member in 1999.", "The Canadian Tour became an associate member of the Federation in 2000, and the Tour de las Américas (Latin America) became an associate member of the Federation in 2007.", "The Federation underwent a major expansion in 2009 that saw eleven new tours become full members – the Canadian Tour, Tour de las Américas, China Golf Association, the Korea Professional Golfers' Association, Professional Golf Tour of India, and the operators of all six major women's tours worldwide.", "The OneAsia Tour, founded in 2009, is not a member of the Federation, but was founded as a joint venture of the Australasia, China, Japan, and Korean tours.", "In 2011, the Tour de las Américas was effectively taken over by the PGA Tour, and in 2012 was folded into the new PGA Tour Latinoamérica.", "Also in 2012, the Canadian Tour was renamed PGA Tour Canada after it agreed to be taken over by the PGA Tour.", "All men's tours that are Federation members, except the India tour, offer points in the Official World Golf Ranking (OWGR) to players who place sufficiently high in their events.", "The OneAsia Tour also offers ranking points.", "Golf is unique in having lucrative competition for older players.", "There are several senior tours for men aged fifty and over, arguably the best known of which is the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions.", "There are six principal tours for women, each based in a different country or continent.", "The most prestigious of these is the United States-based LPGA Tour.", "All of the principal tours offer points in the Women's World Golf Rankings for high finishers in their events.", "All of the leading professional tours for under-50 players have an official developmental tour, in which the leading players at the end of the season will earn a tour card on the main tour for the following season.", "Examples include the Korn Ferry Tour, which feeds to the PGA Tour, and the Challenge Tour, which is the developmental tour of the European Tour.", "The Korn Ferry and Challenge Tours also offer OWGR points.", "The major championships are the four most prestigious men's tournaments of the year.", "In chronological order they are: The Masters, the U.S. Open, The Open Championship (referred to in North America as the British Open) and the PGA Championship.", "The fields for these events include the top several dozen golfers from all over the world.", "The Masters has been played at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, since its inception in 1934.", "It is the only major championship that is played at the same course each year.", "The U.S. Open and PGA Championship are played at courses around the United States, while the Open Championship is played at courses around the United Kingdom.", "Prior to the advent of the PGA Championship and The Masters, the four Majors were the U.S. Open, the U.S. Amateur, the Open Championship, and the British Amateur.", "Women's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of majors recognised by the dominant women's tour, the LPGA Tour in the U.S., has changed several times over the years, with the most recent changes occurring in 2001 and 2013.", "Like the PGA Tour, the (U.S.) LPGA tour long had four majors, but now has five: the Chevron Championship (previously known by several other names, most recently the ANA Inspiration), the Women's PGA Championship (previously known as the LPGA Championship), the U.S. Women's Open, the Women's British Open (which replaced the du Maurier Classic as a major in 2001) and The Evian Championship (added as the fifth major in 2013).", "Only the last two are also recognised as majors by the Ladies European Tour.", "However, the significance of this is limited, as the LPGA is far more dominant in women's golf than the PGA Tour is in mainstream men's golf.", "For example, the BBC has been known to use the U.S. definition of \"women's majors\" without qualifying it.", "Also, the Ladies' Golf Union, the governing body for women's golf in Great Britain and Ireland, stated on its official website that the Women's British Open was \"the only Women's Major to be played outside the U.S.\" (this was before the elevation of The Evian Championship to major status).", "For many years, the Ladies European Tour tacitly acknowledged the dominance of the LPGA Tour by not scheduling any of its own events to conflict with the three LPGA majors played in the U.S., but that changed beginning in 2008, when the LET scheduled an event opposite the LPGA Championship.", "The second-richest women's tour, the LPGA of Japan Tour, does not recognise any of the U.S. LPGA or European majors as it has its own set of majors (historically three, since 2008 four).", "However, these events attract little notice outside Japan.", "Senior (aged fifty and over) men's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of senior majors on the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions has changed over the years, but always by expansion.", "PGA Tour Champions now recognises five majors: the Senior PGA Championship, The Tradition, the Senior Players Championship, the United States Senior Open, and The Senior (British) Open Championship.", "Of the five events, the Senior PGA is by far the oldest, having been founded in 1937.", "The other events all date from the 1980s, when senior golf became a commercial success as the first golf stars of the television era, such as Arnold Palmer and Gary Player, reached the relevant age.", "The Senior Open Championship was not recognised as a major by PGA Tour Champions until 2003.", "The European Senior Tour recognises only the Senior PGA and the two Senior Opens as majors.", "However, PGA Tour Champions is arguably more dominant in global senior golf than the U.S. LPGA is in global women's golf.", "Golf was featured in the Summer Olympic Games official programme in 1900 and 1904.", "After a 112-year absence, golf returned for the 2016 Rio Games.", "It was not until 1552 that the first woman golfer played the game.", "Mary Queen of Scots commissioned St. Andrew's Links.", "However, it was not until the 20th century that women were taken seriously and eventually broke the \"Gentlemen Only, Ladies Forbidden\" rule.", "Many men saw women as unfit to play the sport due to their supposed lack of strength and ability.", "In 1891 the newly built Shinnecock Hills nine-hole course in Southampton, New York became the first club to offer membership to women golfers.", "Four years later, in 1895, The U.S. Golf Association held the first Women's Amateur Championship tournament.", "Just like professional golfer Bobby Jones, Joyce Wethered was considered to be a star in the 1920s.", "Jones praised Wethered in 1930 after they had played an exhibition against each other.", "He doubted that there had ever been a better golfer, man or woman.", "However, Bobby Jones' comment was not enough for others to change their views on women golfers.", "The Royal Liverpool's club refused entry of Sir Henry Cotton's wife into the clubhouse in the late 1940s.", "The secretary of the club released a statement saying, \"No woman ever has entered the clubhouse and, praise God, no woman ever will.\"", "However, American golfer and all-around athlete Babe Zaharias did not have to enter the clubhouse.", "She was able to prove herself on the course, going on to become the first American to win the British Women's Amateur title in 1947.", "The following year she became the first woman to attempt to qualify for the U.S. Open, but her application was rejected by the USGA.", "They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only.", "The Ladies Professional Golf Association was formed in 1950 as a way to popularize the sport and provide competitive opportunities for golfers.", "The competitions were not the same for the men and women.", "It was not until 1972 that U.S. Congress passed the Title IX of the Education Amendments.", "\"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any education program or activities receiving Federal financial assistance.\"", "American Renee Powell moved to the UK in the 1970s to further her career, and became the first woman to play in a British men's tournament in 1977.", "As of 2016, women golfers were still fighting to have the same opportunities as male golfers.", "There is still a significant pay gap in the USGA.", "The USGA has a long history of writing bigger checks to winners of the men's U.S. Open than the U.S. Women's Open." ]

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[ "There are other standard forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough (long grass), bunkers (or \"sand traps\"), and various hazards (water, rocks) but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement." ]

[ "While the modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scotland, the game's ancient origins are unclear and much debated.", "Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball.", "One theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century BC, and eventually evolved into the modern game.", "Others cite chuiwan (捶丸; \"chui\" means striking and \"wan\" means small ball) as the progenitor, a Chinese game played between the eighth and fourteenth centuries.", "A Ming Dynasty scroll by the artist Youqiu dating back to 1368 entitled \"The Autumn Banquet\" shows a member of the Chinese Imperial court swinging what appears to be a golf club at a small ball with the aim of sinking it into a hole.", "The game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages.", "Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France.", "The Persian game chowkan is another possible ancient origin, albeit being more polo-like.", "In addition, kolven (a game involving a ball and curved bats) was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V, a year earlier.", "The modern game originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is James II's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery.", "James IV lifted the ban in 1502 when he became a golfer himself, with golf clubs first recorded in 1503–1504: \"For golf clubbes and balles to the King that he playit with\".", "To many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews, a links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage.", "In 1764, the standard 18-hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes.", "Golf is documented as being played on Musselburgh Links, East Lothian, Scotland as early as 2 March 1672, which is certified as the oldest golf course in the world by \"Guinness World Records\".", "The oldest surviving rules of golf were compiled in March 1744 for the Company of Gentlemen Golfers, later renamed The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, which was played at Leith, Scotland.", "The world's oldest golf tournament in existence, and golf's first major, is The Open Championship, which was first played on 17 October 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club, in Ayrshire, Scotland, with Scottish golfers winning the earliest majors.", "Two Scotsmen from Dunfermline, John Reid and Robert Lockhart, first demonstrated golf in the U.S. by setting up a hole in an orchard in 1888, with Reid setting up America's first golf club the same year, Saint Andrew's Golf Club in Yonkers, New York.", "A golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a teeing ground or \"tee box\" that is set off by two markers showing the bounds of the legal tee area, fairway, rough and other hazards, and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the pin (normally a flagstick) and cup.", "The levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting in the case of the green.", "While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing area to the green, some holes may bend either to the left or to the right.", "This is commonly called a \"dogleg\", in reference to a dog's knee.", "The hole is called a \"dogleg left\" if the hole angles leftwards and \"dogleg right\" if it bends right.", "Sometimes, a hole's direction may bend twice; this is called a \"double dogleg\".", "A regular golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine-hole courses are common and can be played twice through for a full round of 18 holes.", "Early Scottish golf courses were primarily laid out on links land, soil-covered sand dunes directly inland from beaches.", "The word \"links\" derives from the Scots language and the Old English word \"hlinc\" (\"rising ground, ridge\"): traditionally these are coastal sand dunes but sometimes open parkland.", "This gave rise to the term \"golf links\", particularly applied to seaside courses and those built on naturally sandy soil inland.", "The first 18-hole golf course in the United States was on a sheep farm in Downers Grove, Illinois, in 1892.", "The course is still there today.", "Every round of golf is based on playing a number of holes in a given order.", "A \"round\" typically consists of 18 holes that are played in the order determined by the course layout.", "Each hole is played once in the round on a standard course of 18 holes.", "The game can be played by any number of people, although a typical group playing will have 1-4 people playing the round.", "The typical amount of time required for pace of play for a 9-hole round is two hours and four hours for an 18-hole round.", "Playing a hole on a golf course is initiated by putting a ball into play by striking it with a club on the teeing ground (also called the tee box, or simply the tee).", "For this first shot on each hole, it is allowed but not required for the golfer to place the ball on a tee prior to striking it.", "A tee is a small peg that can be used to elevate the ball slightly above the ground up to a few centimetres high.", "Tees are commonly made of wood but may be constructed of any material, including plastic.", "Traditionally, golfers used mounds of sand to elevate the ball, and containers of sand were provided for the purpose.", "A few courses still require sand to be used instead of peg tees, to reduce litter and reduce damage to the teeing ground.", "Tees help reduce the interference of the ground or grass on the movement of the club making the ball easier to hit, and also places the ball in the very centre of the striking face of the club (the \"sweet spot\") for better distance.", "When the initial shot on a hole is intended to move the ball a long distance, typically more than , the shot is commonly called a \"drive\" and is generally made with a long-shafted, large-headed wood club called a \"driver\".", "Shorter holes may be initiated with other clubs, such as higher-numbered woods or irons.", "Once the ball comes to rest, the golfer strikes it again as many times as necessary using shots that are variously known as a \"lay-up\", an \"approach\", a \"pitch\", or a \"chip\", until the ball reaches the green, where he or she then \"putts\" the ball into the hole (commonly called \"sinking the putt\" or \"holing out\").", "The goal of getting the ball into the hole (\"holing\" the ball) in as few strokes as possible may be impeded by obstacles such as areas of longer grass called \"rough\" (usually found alongside fairways), which both slows any ball that contacts it and makes it harder to advance a ball that has stopped on it; \"doglegs\", which are changes in the direction of the fairway that often require shorter shots to play around them; bunkers (or sand traps); and water hazards such as ponds or streams.", "In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules, each player plays their ball until it is holed no matter how many strokes that may take.", "In match play it is acceptable to simply pick up one's ball and \"surrender the hole\" after enough strokes have been made by a player that it is mathematically impossible for the player to win the hole.", "It is also acceptable in informal stroke play to surrender the hole after hitting three strokes more than the \"par\" rating of the hole (a \"triple bogey\" - see below); while technically a violation of Rule 3–2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids \"runaway scores\", excessive frustration and injuries caused by overexertion.", "The total distance from the first teeing ground to the 18th green can be quite long; total yardages \"through the green\" can be in excess of , and when adding in the travel distance between the green of one hole and the tee of the next, even skilled players may easily travel or more during a round.", "At some courses, electric golf carts are used to travel between shots, which can speed-up play and allows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round.", "On other courses players generally walk the course, either carrying their bag using a shoulder strap or using a \"golf trolley\" for their bag.", "These trolleys may or may not be battery assisted.", "At many amateur tournaments including U.S. high school and college play, players are required to walk and to carry their own bags, but at the professional and top amateur level, as well as at high-level private clubs, players may be accompanied by caddies, who carry and manage the players' equipment and who are allowed by the rules to give advice on the play of the course.", "A caddie's advice can only be given to the player or players for whom the caddie is working, and not to other competing players.", "The rules of golf are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by The R&A, spun off in 2004 from The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (founded 1754), and the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "With the aim of simplifying the rules, in 2017 the USGA and R&A undertook a complete rewrite.", "The new rule book came into effect in January 2019.", "The underlying principle of the rules is fairness.", "As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:\n\"Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair.", "\"\nThere are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers.", "Essentially, anybody who has ever received payment or compensation for giving instruction, or played golf for money, is not considered an amateur and may not participate in competitions limited solely to amateurs.", "However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status.", "In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette.", "Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course.", "Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience.", "Penalty strokes are incurred in certain situations and are counted towards a player's score as if there were extra swing(s) at the ball.", "Either one or two strokes are added for most rule infractions or for taking relief from various situations, with the \"general penalty\" defined as two-strokes, and disqualification for severe or repeated rule breaches.", "Examples include:", "Golf clubs are used to hit the golf ball.", "Each club is composed of a shaft with a lance (or \"grip\") on the top end and a club head on the bottom.", "Long clubs, which have a lower amount of degree loft, are those meant to propel the ball a comparatively longer distance, and short clubs a higher degree of loft and a comparatively shorter distance.", "The actual physical length of each club is longer or shorter, depending on the distance the club is intended to propel the ball.", "Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types.", "Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively \"open\" lies, such as the teeing ground and fairway.", "Of particular importance is the \"driver\" or \"1-wood\", which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to , or more, in a professional golfer's hands.", "Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials.", "Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with a metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face.", "Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy.", "Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps.", "The third class is the putter, which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole.", "Putters are virtually always used on the green or in the surrounding rough/fringe.", "A fourth class, called hybrids, evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but a higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature.", "A maximum of 14 clubs is allowed in a player's bag at one time during a stipulated round.", "The choice of clubs is at the golfer's discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules.", "(Clubs that meet these parameters are usually called \"conforming\".)", "Violation of these rules can result in disqualification.", "The exact shot hit at any given time on a golf course, and which club is used to accomplish the shot, are always completely at the discretion of the golfer; in other words, there is no restriction whatsoever on which club a golfer may or may not use at any time for any shot.", "Golf balls are spherical, usually white (although other colours are allowed), and minutely pock-marked by dimples that decrease aerodynamic drag by increasing air turbulence around the ball in motion, which delays \"boundary layer\" separation and reduces the drag-inducing \"wake\" behind the ball,\nthereby allowing the ball to fly farther.", "The combination of a soft \"boundary layer\" and a hard \"core\" enables both distance and spin.", "A tee is allowed only for the first stroke on each hole, unless the player must hit a provisional tee shot or replay their first shot from the tee.", "Many golfers wear golf shoes with metal or plastic spikes designed to increase traction, thus allowing for longer and more accurate shots.", "A golf bag is used to transport golf clubs and the player's other or personal equipment.", "Golf bags have several pockets designed for carrying equipment and supplies such as tees, balls, and gloves.", "Golf bags can be carried, pulled on a trolley or harnessed to a motorized golf cart during play.", "Golf bags usually have both a hand strap and shoulder strap for carrying, others may be carried over both shoulders like a backpack, and often bags have retractable legs that allow the bag to stand upright when at rest.", "The golf swing is outwardly similar to many other motions involving swinging a tool or playing implement, such as an axe or a baseball bat.", "However, unlike many of these motions, the result of the swing is highly dependent on several sub-motions being properly aligned and timed.", "These ensure that the club travels up to the ball in line with the desired path; that the clubface is in line with the swing path; and that the ball hits the centre or \"sweet spot\" of the clubface.", "The ability to do this consistently, across a complete set of clubs with a wide range of shaft lengths and clubface areas, is a key skill for any golfer, and takes a significant effort to achieve.", "Stance refers to how the golfer positions themselves in order to play a stroke; it is fundamentally important in being able to play a stroke effectively.", "The stance adopted is determined by what stroke is being played.", "All stances involve a slight crouch.", "This allows for a more efficient striking posture whilst also isometrically preloading the muscles of the legs and core; this allows the stroke to be played more dynamically and with a greater level of overall control.", "When adopting their stance golfers start with the non-dominant side of the body facing the target (for a right-hander, the target is to their left).", "Setting the stance in regard to the position of the ball, and placing the clubhead behind the ball, is known as being at address; when in this position the player's body and the centerline of the club face are positioned parallel to the desired line of travel, with the feet either perpendicular to that line or slightly splayed outward.", "The feet are commonly shoulder-width apart for middle irons and putters, narrower for short irons and wider for long irons and woods.", "The ball is typically positioned more to the \"front\" of the player's stance (closer to the leading foot) for lower-lofted clubs, with the usual ball position for a drive being just behind the arch of the leading foot.", "The ball is placed further \"back\" in the player's stance (toward the trailing foot) as the loft of the club to be used increases.", "Most iron shots and putts are made with the ball roughly centered in the stance, while a few mid- and short-iron shots are made with the ball slightly behind the centre of the stance to ensure consistent contact between the ball and clubface, so the ball is on its way before the club continues down into the turf.", "The golfer chooses a golf club, grip, and stroke appropriate to the distance:\n\n\nHaving chosen a club and stroke to produce the desired distance, the player addresses the ball by taking their stance to the side of it and (except when the ball lies in a hazard) grounding the club behind the ball.", "The golfer then takes their backswing, rotating the club, their arms and their upper body away from the ball, and then begins their swing, bringing the clubhead back down and around to hit the ball.", "A proper golf swing is a complex combination of motions, and slight variations in posture or positioning can make a great deal of difference in how well the ball is hit and how straight it travels.", "The general goal of a player making a full swing is to propel the clubhead as fast as possible while maintaining a single \"plane\" of motion of the club and clubhead, to send the clubhead into the ball along the desired path of travel and with the clubhead also pointing that direction.", "Accuracy and consistency are typically stressed over pure distance.", "A player with a straight drive that travels only will nevertheless be able to accurately place the ball into a favourable lie on the fairway, and can make up for the lesser distance of any given club by simply using \"more club\" (a lower loft) on their tee shot or on subsequent fairway and approach shots.", "However, a golfer with a drive that may go but often does not fly straight will be less able to position their ball advantageously; the ball may \"hook\", \"pull\", \"draw\", \"fade\", \"push\" or \"slice\" off the intended line and land out of bounds or in the rough or hazards, and thus the player will require many more strokes to hole out.", "A golf stroke uses the muscles of the core (especially erector spinae muscles and latissimus dorsi muscle when turning), hamstring, shoulder, and wrist.", "Stronger muscles in the wrist can prevent them from being twisted during swings, whilst stronger shoulders increase the turning force.", "Weak wrists can also transmit the force to elbows and even neck and lead to injury.", "(When a muscle contracts, it pulls equally from both ends and, to have movement at only one end of the muscle, other muscles must come into play to stabilize the bone to which the other end of the muscle is attached.)", "Golf is a unilateral exercise that can break body balances, requiring exercises to keep the balance in muscles.", "Putting is considered to be the most important component of the game of golf.", "As the game of golf has evolved, there have been many different putting techniques and grips that have been devised to give golfers the best chance to make putts.", "When the game originated, golfers would putt with their dominant hand on the bottom of the grip and their weak hand on top of the grip.", "This grip and putting style is known as \"conventional\".", "There are many variations of conventional including overlap, where the golfer overlaps the off hand index finger onto off the dominant pinky; interlock, where the offhand index finger interlocks with the dominant pinky and ring finger; double or triple overlap and so on.", "Recently, \"cross handed\" putting has become a popular trend amongst professional golfers and amateurs.", "Cross handed putting is the idea that the dominant hand is on top of the grip where the weak hand is on the bottom.", "This grip restricts the motion in your dominant hand and eliminates the possibility of wrist breakdowns through the putting stroke.", "Other notable putting styles include \"the claw\", a style that has the grip directly in between the thumb and index finger of the dominant hand while the palm faces the target.", "The weak hand placed normally on the putter.", "Anchored putting, a style that requires a longer putter shaft that can be anchored into the player's stomach or below the chin; the idea is to stabilize one end of the putter thus creating a more consistent pendulum stroke.", "This style has been banned on professional circuits since 2016.", "A hole is classified by its par, which gives an indication of the number of strokes a skilled golfer may be expected to need to complete play of the hole.", "The primary factor for classifying the par of a relatively straight, hazard-free hole is the distance from the tee to the green, and calculates the number of strokes a skilled golfer is expected to require to reach the green with an additional allowance of 2 putts.", "As such, the minimum par of any hole is 3; one stroke for the tee shot and two putts.", "Par 3, 4 and 5 holes are commonplace on golf courses; far more rarely, courses may feature par-6 and even par-7 holes.", "For men, a typical par-3 hole is less than in length, with a par-4 hole ranging between , and a par-5 hole being longer than ; for women these boundaries are lower, and for professionals they are much increased.", "The rare par-6s can stretch well over .", "These distances are based on the typical scratch golfer's drive distance of between .", "Although length is the primary factor in calculating par, other factors are taken into account; however the number of strokes a scratch golfer should take to make the green remains foremost.", "Factors affecting the calculation include altitude, gradient of the land from the tee to green, and forced \"lay-ups\" due to dog-legs (sharp bends) or obstacles (e.g. bunkers, water hazards).", "Getting the ball onto the green in two strokes less than par, and hence meeting the par calculation criteria, is called making \"green in regulation\" or GIR.", "Missing a GIR does not necessarily mean a golfer will not make par, but it does make doing so more difficult as it reduces the number of putts available; conversely, making a GIR does not guarantee a par, as the player might require three or more putts to \"hole out\".", "Professional golfers typically make between 60% and 70% of greens in regulation.", "Eighteen-hole courses typically total to an overall par score of 70 to 72 for a complete round; with most holes having a par of 4, and a smaller number of par-3 and par-5 holes.", "Additionally, courses may be classified according to their play difficulty, which may be used to calculate a golfer's handicap.", "The two primary difficulty ratings in the U.S. are the Course Rating, which is the expected score for a zero-handicap \"scratch golfer\", and the Slope Rating, which is a measure of how much worse a \"bogey golfer\" (handicap around 20) would be expected to play than a \"scratch golfer\" relative to their handicap.", "The goal is to play as few strokes per round as possible.", "A golfer's number of strokes in a hole, course, or tournament is compared to its respective par score, and is then reported either as the number that the golfer was \"under-\" or \"over-par\", or if it was \"equal to par\".", "A hole in one (or an \"ace\") occurs when a golfer sinks their ball into the cup with their first stroke from the tee.", "Common scores for a hole also have specific terms.", "In a typical professional tournament or among \"scratch\" amateur players, \"birdie-bogey\" play is common; a player will \"lose\" a stroke by bogeying a hole, then \"gain\" one by scoring a birdie.", "Eagles are uncommon but not rare; however, only 18 players have scored an albatross in a men's major championship.", "One of the rarest feats in golf is the condor, which has never occurred in a professional tournament.", "Only five condors have been verified to have ever occurred, although none of the courses involved were professionally accredited.", "There are two basic forms of golf play, match play and stroke play.", "Stroke play is more popular.", "Two players (or two teams) play each hole as a separate contest against each other in what is called match play.", "The party with the lower score wins that hole, or if the scores of both players or teams are equal the hole is \"halved\" (or tied).", "The game is won by the party that wins more holes than the other.", "In the case that one team or player has taken a lead that cannot be overcome in the number of holes remaining to be played, the match is deemed to be won by the party in the lead, and the remainder of the holes are not played.", "For example, if one party already has a lead of six holes, and only five holes remain to be played on the course, the match is over and the winning party is deemed to have won \"6 & 5\".", "At any given point, if the lead is equal to the number of holes remaining, the party leading the match is said to be \"dormie\", and the match is continued until the party increases the lead by one hole or ties any of the remaining holes, thereby winning the match, or until the match ends in a tie with the lead player's opponent winning all remaining holes.", "When the game is tied after the predetermined number of holes have been played, it may be continued until one side takes a one-hole lead.", "The score achieved for each and every hole of the round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins in stroke play.", "Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers.", "If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players.", "Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to a full 18.", "In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of their opponents wins the match.", "If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament.", "There are many variations in scoring and playing formats in the game of golf, some officially defined in the Rules of Golf.", "Variations include the popular Stableford scoring system, and various team formats.", "Some common and popular examples are listed below.", "There are also variations on the usual starting procedure where everyone begins from the first tee and plays all holes in order, through to the eighteenth.", "In large field tournaments, especially on professional tours, a two tee start is commonplace, where the field will be split between starting on the first tee and the tenth tee (sometimes the eighth or eleventh depending on proximity to the clubhouse).", "Shotgun starts are mainly used for amateur tournament or society play.", "In this variant, each of the groups playing starts their game on a different hole, allowing for all players to start and end their round at roughly the same time.", "For example, a group starting on hole 5 will play through to the 18th hole and continue with hole 1, ending their round on hole 4.", "A bogey or par competition is a scoring format sometimes seen in informal tournaments.", "Its scoring is similar to match play, except each player compares their hole score to the hole's par rating instead of the score of another player.", "The player \"wins\" the hole if they score a birdie or better, they \"lose\" the hole if they score a bogey or worse, and they \"halve\" the hole by scoring par.", "By recording only this simple win–loss–halve score on the sheet, a player can shrug off a very poorly-played hole with a simple \"-\" mark and move on.", "As used in competitions, the player or pair with the best win–loss differential wins the competition.", "The Stableford system is a simplification of stroke play that awards players points based on their score relative to the hole's par; the score for a hole is calculated by taking the par score, adding 2, then subtracting the player's hole score, making the result zero if negative.", "Alternately stated, a double bogey or worse is zero points, a bogey is worth one point, par is two, a birdie three, an eagle four, and so on.", "The advantages of this system over stroke play are a more natural \"higher is better\" scoring, the ability to compare Stableford scores between plays on courses with different total par scores (scoring an \"even\" in stroke play will always give a Stableford score of 36), discouraging the tendency to abandon the entire game after playing a particularly bad hole (a novice playing by strict rules may score as high as an 8 or 10 on a single difficult hole; their Stableford score for the hole would be zero, which puts them only two points behind par no matter how badly they played), and the ability to simply pick up one's ball once it is impossible to score any points for the hole, which speeds play.", "The USGA and R&A sanction a \"Modified Stableford\" system for scratch players, which makes par worth zero, a birdie worth 2, eagle 5 and double-eagle 8, while a bogey is a penalty of −1 and a double-bogey or worse −3.", "As with the original system, the highest score wins the game, and terrible scores on one or two holes will not ruin a player's overall score, but this system rewards \"bogey-birdie\" play more than the original, encouraging golfers to try to make riskier birdie putt or eagle chipshots instead of simply parring each hole.", "A handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's potential scoring ability over 18 holes.", "It is used to enable players of widely varying abilities to compete against one another.", "Better players are those with the lowest handicaps, and someone with a handicap of 0 or less is often referred to as a \"scratch golfer\".", "Handicap systems vary throughout the world and use different methods to assess courses and calculate handicaps.", "In order to address difficulties in translating between these systems the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new \"World Handicap System\" which is set to be introduced globally starting in 2020.", "Golf courses are assessed and rated according to the average good score of a scratch golfer, taking into account a multitude of factors affecting play, such as length, obstacles, undulations, etc.", "A player's handicap gives an indication of the number of strokes above this course rating that the player will make over the course of an \"average best\" round of golf, i.e. scoring near their potential, above average.", "Lower handicap players are generally the most consistent, so can be expected to play to this standard or better more often than higher handicappers.", "Some handicap systems also account for differences in scoring difficulty between low and high handicap golfer.", "They do this by means of assessing and rating courses according to the average good score of a \"bogey golfer\", a player with a handicap of around 20.", "This is used with the course rating to calculate a slope rating, which is used to adjust golfer's handicap to produce a \"playing handicap\" for the course and set of tees being used.", "Handicap systems have potential for abuse by players who may intentionally play badly to increase their handicap (sandbagging) before playing to their potential at an important event with a valuable prize.", "For this reason, handicaps are not used in professional golf, but they can still be calculated and used along with other criteria to determine the relative strengths of various professional players.", "Touring professionals, being the best of the best, have negative handicaps; they can be expected, more often than not, to score lower than the Course Rating on any course.", "In 2005 \"Golf Digest\" calculated that the countries with most golf courses per capita, in order, were: Scotland, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, Canada, Wales, United States, Sweden, and England (countries with fewer than 500,000 people were excluded).", "The number of courses in other territories has increased, an example of this being the expansion of golf in China.", "The first golf course in China opened in 1984, but by the end of 2009, there were roughly 600 in the country.", "For much of the 21st century, the development of new golf courses in China has been officially banned (with the exception of the island province of Hainan), but the number of courses had nonetheless tripled from 2004 to 2009; the \"ban\" has been evaded with the government's tacit approval simply by not mentioning golf in any development plans.", "In the United States, women made up 25 percent of golfers in 2021, which was up from 19 percent since 2011 and junior female golfers account for 35 percent or 1.1 million golfers.", "In the United States, the number of people who play golf twenty-five times or more per year decreased from 6.9 million in 2000 to 4.6 million in 2005, according to the National Golf Foundation.", "The NGF reported that the number who played golf at all decreased from 30 to 26 million over the same period.", "In February 1971, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first person to golf anywhere other than Earth.", "He smuggled a golf club and two golf balls on board Apollo 14 with the intent to golf on the Moon.", "He attempted two drives.", "He shanked the first attempt, but it is estimated his second went more than .", "Below are the top 20 countries that have the most golf courses as of 2019.", "The majority of professional golfers work as club or teaching professionals (\"pros\"), and only compete in local competitions.", "A small elite of professional golfers are \"tournament pros\" who compete full-time on international \"tours\".", "Many club and teaching professionals working in the golf industry start as caddies or with a general interest in the game, finding employment at golf courses and eventually moving on to certifications in their chosen profession.", "These programs include independent institutions and universities, and those that eventually lead to a Class A golf professional certification.", "Touring professionals typically start as amateur players, who attain their \"pro\" status after success in major tournaments that win them either prize money and/or notice from corporate sponsors.", "Jack Nicklaus, for example, gained widespread notice by finishing second in the 1960 U.S. Open to champion Arnold Palmer, with a 72-hole score of 282 (the best score to date in that tournament by an amateur).", "He played one more amateur year in 1961, winning that year's U.S. Amateur Championship, before turning pro in 1962.", "Golf instruction involves the teaching and learning of the game of golf.", "Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game.", "In some countries, golf instruction is best performed by teachers certified by the Professional Golfers Association.", "Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right.", "Professional golf instructors can use physical conditioning, mental visualization, classroom sessions, club fitting, driving range instruction, on-course play under real conditions, and review of videotaped swings in slow motion to teach golf to prepare the golfer for the course.", "There are at least twenty professional golf tours, each run by a PGA or an independent tour organization, which is responsible for arranging events, finding sponsors, and regulating the tour.", "Typically a tour has \"members\" who are entitled to compete in most of its events, and also invites non-members to compete in some of them.", "Gaining membership of an elite tour is highly competitive, and most professional golfers never achieve it.", "Perhaps the most widely known tour is the PGA Tour, which tends to attract the strongest fields, outside the four Majors and the four World Golf Championships events.", "This is due mostly to the fact that most PGA Tour events have a first prize of at least 800,000 USD.", "The European Tour, which attracts a substantial number of top golfers from outside North America, ranks second to the PGA Tour in worldwide prestige.", "Some top professionals from outside North America play enough tournaments to maintain membership on both the PGA Tour and European Tour.", "Since 2010, both tours' money titles have been claimed by the same individual three times, with Luke Donald doing so in 2011 and Rory McIlroy in 2012 and 2014.", "In 2013, Henrik Stenson won the FedEx Cup points race on the PGA Tour and the European Tour money title, but did not top the PGA Tour money list (that honour going to Tiger Woods).", "The other leading men's tours include the Japan Golf Tour, the Asian Tour (Asia outside Japan), the PGA Tour of Australasia, and the Sunshine Tour (for southern Africa, primarily South Africa).", "The Japan, Australasian, Sunshine, PGA, and European Tours are the charter members of the trade body of the world's main tours, the International Federation of PGA Tours, founded in 1996.", "The Asian Tour became a full member in 1999.", "The Canadian Tour became an associate member of the Federation in 2000, and the Tour de las Américas (Latin America) became an associate member of the Federation in 2007.", "The Federation underwent a major expansion in 2009 that saw eleven new tours become full members – the Canadian Tour, Tour de las Américas, China Golf Association, the Korea Professional Golfers' Association, Professional Golf Tour of India, and the operators of all six major women's tours worldwide.", "The OneAsia Tour, founded in 2009, is not a member of the Federation, but was founded as a joint venture of the Australasia, China, Japan, and Korean tours.", "In 2011, the Tour de las Américas was effectively taken over by the PGA Tour, and in 2012 was folded into the new PGA Tour Latinoamérica.", "Also in 2012, the Canadian Tour was renamed PGA Tour Canada after it agreed to be taken over by the PGA Tour.", "All men's tours that are Federation members, except the India tour, offer points in the Official World Golf Ranking (OWGR) to players who place sufficiently high in their events.", "The OneAsia Tour also offers ranking points.", "Golf is unique in having lucrative competition for older players.", "There are several senior tours for men aged fifty and over, arguably the best known of which is the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions.", "There are six principal tours for women, each based in a different country or continent.", "The most prestigious of these is the United States-based LPGA Tour.", "All of the principal tours offer points in the Women's World Golf Rankings for high finishers in their events.", "All of the leading professional tours for under-50 players have an official developmental tour, in which the leading players at the end of the season will earn a tour card on the main tour for the following season.", "Examples include the Korn Ferry Tour, which feeds to the PGA Tour, and the Challenge Tour, which is the developmental tour of the European Tour.", "The Korn Ferry and Challenge Tours also offer OWGR points.", "The major championships are the four most prestigious men's tournaments of the year.", "In chronological order they are: The Masters, the U.S. Open, The Open Championship (referred to in North America as the British Open) and the PGA Championship.", "The fields for these events include the top several dozen golfers from all over the world.", "The Masters has been played at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, since its inception in 1934.", "It is the only major championship that is played at the same course each year.", "The U.S. Open and PGA Championship are played at courses around the United States, while the Open Championship is played at courses around the United Kingdom.", "Prior to the advent of the PGA Championship and The Masters, the four Majors were the U.S. Open, the U.S. Amateur, the Open Championship, and the British Amateur.", "Women's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of majors recognised by the dominant women's tour, the LPGA Tour in the U.S., has changed several times over the years, with the most recent changes occurring in 2001 and 2013.", "Like the PGA Tour, the (U.S.) LPGA tour long had four majors, but now has five: the Chevron Championship (previously known by several other names, most recently the ANA Inspiration), the Women's PGA Championship (previously known as the LPGA Championship), the U.S. Women's Open, the Women's British Open (which replaced the du Maurier Classic as a major in 2001) and The Evian Championship (added as the fifth major in 2013).", "Only the last two are also recognised as majors by the Ladies European Tour.", "However, the significance of this is limited, as the LPGA is far more dominant in women's golf than the PGA Tour is in mainstream men's golf.", "For example, the BBC has been known to use the U.S. definition of \"women's majors\" without qualifying it.", "Also, the Ladies' Golf Union, the governing body for women's golf in Great Britain and Ireland, stated on its official website that the Women's British Open was \"the only Women's Major to be played outside the U.S.\" (this was before the elevation of The Evian Championship to major status).", "For many years, the Ladies European Tour tacitly acknowledged the dominance of the LPGA Tour by not scheduling any of its own events to conflict with the three LPGA majors played in the U.S., but that changed beginning in 2008, when the LET scheduled an event opposite the LPGA Championship.", "The second-richest women's tour, the LPGA of Japan Tour, does not recognise any of the U.S. LPGA or European majors as it has its own set of majors (historically three, since 2008 four).", "However, these events attract little notice outside Japan.", "Senior (aged fifty and over) men's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of senior majors on the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions has changed over the years, but always by expansion.", "PGA Tour Champions now recognises five majors: the Senior PGA Championship, The Tradition, the Senior Players Championship, the United States Senior Open, and The Senior (British) Open Championship.", "Of the five events, the Senior PGA is by far the oldest, having been founded in 1937.", "The other events all date from the 1980s, when senior golf became a commercial success as the first golf stars of the television era, such as Arnold Palmer and Gary Player, reached the relevant age.", "The Senior Open Championship was not recognised as a major by PGA Tour Champions until 2003.", "The European Senior Tour recognises only the Senior PGA and the two Senior Opens as majors.", "However, PGA Tour Champions is arguably more dominant in global senior golf than the U.S. LPGA is in global women's golf.", "Golf was featured in the Summer Olympic Games official programme in 1900 and 1904.", "After a 112-year absence, golf returned for the 2016 Rio Games.", "It was not until 1552 that the first woman golfer played the game.", "Mary Queen of Scots commissioned St. Andrew's Links.", "However, it was not until the 20th century that women were taken seriously and eventually broke the \"Gentlemen Only, Ladies Forbidden\" rule.", "Many men saw women as unfit to play the sport due to their supposed lack of strength and ability.", "In 1891 the newly built Shinnecock Hills nine-hole course in Southampton, New York became the first club to offer membership to women golfers.", "Four years later, in 1895, The U.S. Golf Association held the first Women's Amateur Championship tournament.", "Just like professional golfer Bobby Jones, Joyce Wethered was considered to be a star in the 1920s.", "Jones praised Wethered in 1930 after they had played an exhibition against each other.", "He doubted that there had ever been a better golfer, man or woman.", "However, Bobby Jones' comment was not enough for others to change their views on women golfers.", "The Royal Liverpool's club refused entry of Sir Henry Cotton's wife into the clubhouse in the late 1940s.", "The secretary of the club released a statement saying, \"No woman ever has entered the clubhouse and, praise God, no woman ever will.\"", "However, American golfer and all-around athlete Babe Zaharias did not have to enter the clubhouse.", "She was able to prove herself on the course, going on to become the first American to win the British Women's Amateur title in 1947.", "The following year she became the first woman to attempt to qualify for the U.S. Open, but her application was rejected by the USGA.", "They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only.", "The Ladies Professional Golf Association was formed in 1950 as a way to popularize the sport and provide competitive opportunities for golfers.", "The competitions were not the same for the men and women.", "It was not until 1972 that U.S. Congress passed the Title IX of the Education Amendments.", "\"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any education program or activities receiving Federal financial assistance.\"", "American Renee Powell moved to the UK in the 1970s to further her career, and became the first woman to play in a British men's tournament in 1977.", "As of 2016, women golfers were still fighting to have the same opportunities as male golfers.", "There is still a significant pay gap in the USGA.", "The USGA has a long history of writing bigger checks to winners of the men's U.S. Open than the U.S. Women's Open." ]

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[ "Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible." ]

[ "While the modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scotland, the game's ancient origins are unclear and much debated.", "Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball.", "One theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century BC, and eventually evolved into the modern game.", "Others cite chuiwan (捶丸; \"chui\" means striking and \"wan\" means small ball) as the progenitor, a Chinese game played between the eighth and fourteenth centuries.", "A Ming Dynasty scroll by the artist Youqiu dating back to 1368 entitled \"The Autumn Banquet\" shows a member of the Chinese Imperial court swinging what appears to be a golf club at a small ball with the aim of sinking it into a hole.", "The game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages.", "Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France.", "The Persian game chowkan is another possible ancient origin, albeit being more polo-like.", "In addition, kolven (a game involving a ball and curved bats) was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V, a year earlier.", "The modern game originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is James II's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery.", "James IV lifted the ban in 1502 when he became a golfer himself, with golf clubs first recorded in 1503–1504: \"For golf clubbes and balles to the King that he playit with\".", "To many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews, a links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage.", "In 1764, the standard 18-hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes.", "Golf is documented as being played on Musselburgh Links, East Lothian, Scotland as early as 2 March 1672, which is certified as the oldest golf course in the world by \"Guinness World Records\".", "The oldest surviving rules of golf were compiled in March 1744 for the Company of Gentlemen Golfers, later renamed The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, which was played at Leith, Scotland.", "The world's oldest golf tournament in existence, and golf's first major, is The Open Championship, which was first played on 17 October 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club, in Ayrshire, Scotland, with Scottish golfers winning the earliest majors.", "Two Scotsmen from Dunfermline, John Reid and Robert Lockhart, first demonstrated golf in the U.S. by setting up a hole in an orchard in 1888, with Reid setting up America's first golf club the same year, Saint Andrew's Golf Club in Yonkers, New York.", "A golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a teeing ground or \"tee box\" that is set off by two markers showing the bounds of the legal tee area, fairway, rough and other hazards, and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the pin (normally a flagstick) and cup.", "The levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting in the case of the green.", "While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing area to the green, some holes may bend either to the left or to the right.", "This is commonly called a \"dogleg\", in reference to a dog's knee.", "The hole is called a \"dogleg left\" if the hole angles leftwards and \"dogleg right\" if it bends right.", "Sometimes, a hole's direction may bend twice; this is called a \"double dogleg\".", "A regular golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine-hole courses are common and can be played twice through for a full round of 18 holes.", "Early Scottish golf courses were primarily laid out on links land, soil-covered sand dunes directly inland from beaches.", "The word \"links\" derives from the Scots language and the Old English word \"hlinc\" (\"rising ground, ridge\"): traditionally these are coastal sand dunes but sometimes open parkland.", "This gave rise to the term \"golf links\", particularly applied to seaside courses and those built on naturally sandy soil inland.", "The first 18-hole golf course in the United States was on a sheep farm in Downers Grove, Illinois, in 1892.", "The course is still there today.", "Every round of golf is based on playing a number of holes in a given order.", "A \"round\" typically consists of 18 holes that are played in the order determined by the course layout.", "Each hole is played once in the round on a standard course of 18 holes.", "The game can be played by any number of people, although a typical group playing will have 1-4 people playing the round.", "The typical amount of time required for pace of play for a 9-hole round is two hours and four hours for an 18-hole round.", "Playing a hole on a golf course is initiated by putting a ball into play by striking it with a club on the teeing ground (also called the tee box, or simply the tee).", "For this first shot on each hole, it is allowed but not required for the golfer to place the ball on a tee prior to striking it.", "A tee is a small peg that can be used to elevate the ball slightly above the ground up to a few centimetres high.", "Tees are commonly made of wood but may be constructed of any material, including plastic.", "Traditionally, golfers used mounds of sand to elevate the ball, and containers of sand were provided for the purpose.", "A few courses still require sand to be used instead of peg tees, to reduce litter and reduce damage to the teeing ground.", "Tees help reduce the interference of the ground or grass on the movement of the club making the ball easier to hit, and also places the ball in the very centre of the striking face of the club (the \"sweet spot\") for better distance.", "When the initial shot on a hole is intended to move the ball a long distance, typically more than , the shot is commonly called a \"drive\" and is generally made with a long-shafted, large-headed wood club called a \"driver\".", "Shorter holes may be initiated with other clubs, such as higher-numbered woods or irons.", "Once the ball comes to rest, the golfer strikes it again as many times as necessary using shots that are variously known as a \"lay-up\", an \"approach\", a \"pitch\", or a \"chip\", until the ball reaches the green, where he or she then \"putts\" the ball into the hole (commonly called \"sinking the putt\" or \"holing out\").", "The goal of getting the ball into the hole (\"holing\" the ball) in as few strokes as possible may be impeded by obstacles such as areas of longer grass called \"rough\" (usually found alongside fairways), which both slows any ball that contacts it and makes it harder to advance a ball that has stopped on it; \"doglegs\", which are changes in the direction of the fairway that often require shorter shots to play around them; bunkers (or sand traps); and water hazards such as ponds or streams.", "In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules, each player plays their ball until it is holed no matter how many strokes that may take.", "In match play it is acceptable to simply pick up one's ball and \"surrender the hole\" after enough strokes have been made by a player that it is mathematically impossible for the player to win the hole.", "It is also acceptable in informal stroke play to surrender the hole after hitting three strokes more than the \"par\" rating of the hole (a \"triple bogey\" - see below); while technically a violation of Rule 3–2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids \"runaway scores\", excessive frustration and injuries caused by overexertion.", "The total distance from the first teeing ground to the 18th green can be quite long; total yardages \"through the green\" can be in excess of , and when adding in the travel distance between the green of one hole and the tee of the next, even skilled players may easily travel or more during a round.", "At some courses, electric golf carts are used to travel between shots, which can speed-up play and allows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round.", "On other courses players generally walk the course, either carrying their bag using a shoulder strap or using a \"golf trolley\" for their bag.", "These trolleys may or may not be battery assisted.", "At many amateur tournaments including U.S. high school and college play, players are required to walk and to carry their own bags, but at the professional and top amateur level, as well as at high-level private clubs, players may be accompanied by caddies, who carry and manage the players' equipment and who are allowed by the rules to give advice on the play of the course.", "A caddie's advice can only be given to the player or players for whom the caddie is working, and not to other competing players.", "The rules of golf are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by The R&A, spun off in 2004 from The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (founded 1754), and the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "With the aim of simplifying the rules, in 2017 the USGA and R&A undertook a complete rewrite.", "The new rule book came into effect in January 2019.", "The underlying principle of the rules is fairness.", "As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:\n\"Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair.", "\"\nThere are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers.", "Essentially, anybody who has ever received payment or compensation for giving instruction, or played golf for money, is not considered an amateur and may not participate in competitions limited solely to amateurs.", "However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status.", "In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette.", "Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course.", "Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience.", "Penalty strokes are incurred in certain situations and are counted towards a player's score as if there were extra swing(s) at the ball.", "Either one or two strokes are added for most rule infractions or for taking relief from various situations, with the \"general penalty\" defined as two-strokes, and disqualification for severe or repeated rule breaches.", "Examples include:", "Golf clubs are used to hit the golf ball.", "Each club is composed of a shaft with a lance (or \"grip\") on the top end and a club head on the bottom.", "Long clubs, which have a lower amount of degree loft, are those meant to propel the ball a comparatively longer distance, and short clubs a higher degree of loft and a comparatively shorter distance.", "The actual physical length of each club is longer or shorter, depending on the distance the club is intended to propel the ball.", "Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types.", "Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively \"open\" lies, such as the teeing ground and fairway.", "Of particular importance is the \"driver\" or \"1-wood\", which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to , or more, in a professional golfer's hands.", "Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials.", "Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with a metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face.", "Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy.", "Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps.", "The third class is the putter, which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole.", "Putters are virtually always used on the green or in the surrounding rough/fringe.", "A fourth class, called hybrids, evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but a higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature.", "A maximum of 14 clubs is allowed in a player's bag at one time during a stipulated round.", "The choice of clubs is at the golfer's discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules.", "(Clubs that meet these parameters are usually called \"conforming\".)", "Violation of these rules can result in disqualification.", "The exact shot hit at any given time on a golf course, and which club is used to accomplish the shot, are always completely at the discretion of the golfer; in other words, there is no restriction whatsoever on which club a golfer may or may not use at any time for any shot.", "Golf balls are spherical, usually white (although other colours are allowed), and minutely pock-marked by dimples that decrease aerodynamic drag by increasing air turbulence around the ball in motion, which delays \"boundary layer\" separation and reduces the drag-inducing \"wake\" behind the ball,\nthereby allowing the ball to fly farther.", "The combination of a soft \"boundary layer\" and a hard \"core\" enables both distance and spin.", "A tee is allowed only for the first stroke on each hole, unless the player must hit a provisional tee shot or replay their first shot from the tee.", "Many golfers wear golf shoes with metal or plastic spikes designed to increase traction, thus allowing for longer and more accurate shots.", "A golf bag is used to transport golf clubs and the player's other or personal equipment.", "Golf bags have several pockets designed for carrying equipment and supplies such as tees, balls, and gloves.", "Golf bags can be carried, pulled on a trolley or harnessed to a motorized golf cart during play.", "Golf bags usually have both a hand strap and shoulder strap for carrying, others may be carried over both shoulders like a backpack, and often bags have retractable legs that allow the bag to stand upright when at rest.", "The golf swing is outwardly similar to many other motions involving swinging a tool or playing implement, such as an axe or a baseball bat.", "However, unlike many of these motions, the result of the swing is highly dependent on several sub-motions being properly aligned and timed.", "These ensure that the club travels up to the ball in line with the desired path; that the clubface is in line with the swing path; and that the ball hits the centre or \"sweet spot\" of the clubface.", "The ability to do this consistently, across a complete set of clubs with a wide range of shaft lengths and clubface areas, is a key skill for any golfer, and takes a significant effort to achieve.", "Stance refers to how the golfer positions themselves in order to play a stroke; it is fundamentally important in being able to play a stroke effectively.", "The stance adopted is determined by what stroke is being played.", "All stances involve a slight crouch.", "This allows for a more efficient striking posture whilst also isometrically preloading the muscles of the legs and core; this allows the stroke to be played more dynamically and with a greater level of overall control.", "When adopting their stance golfers start with the non-dominant side of the body facing the target (for a right-hander, the target is to their left).", "Setting the stance in regard to the position of the ball, and placing the clubhead behind the ball, is known as being at address; when in this position the player's body and the centerline of the club face are positioned parallel to the desired line of travel, with the feet either perpendicular to that line or slightly splayed outward.", "The feet are commonly shoulder-width apart for middle irons and putters, narrower for short irons and wider for long irons and woods.", "The ball is typically positioned more to the \"front\" of the player's stance (closer to the leading foot) for lower-lofted clubs, with the usual ball position for a drive being just behind the arch of the leading foot.", "The ball is placed further \"back\" in the player's stance (toward the trailing foot) as the loft of the club to be used increases.", "Most iron shots and putts are made with the ball roughly centered in the stance, while a few mid- and short-iron shots are made with the ball slightly behind the centre of the stance to ensure consistent contact between the ball and clubface, so the ball is on its way before the club continues down into the turf.", "The golfer chooses a golf club, grip, and stroke appropriate to the distance:\n\n\nHaving chosen a club and stroke to produce the desired distance, the player addresses the ball by taking their stance to the side of it and (except when the ball lies in a hazard) grounding the club behind the ball.", "The golfer then takes their backswing, rotating the club, their arms and their upper body away from the ball, and then begins their swing, bringing the clubhead back down and around to hit the ball.", "A proper golf swing is a complex combination of motions, and slight variations in posture or positioning can make a great deal of difference in how well the ball is hit and how straight it travels.", "The general goal of a player making a full swing is to propel the clubhead as fast as possible while maintaining a single \"plane\" of motion of the club and clubhead, to send the clubhead into the ball along the desired path of travel and with the clubhead also pointing that direction.", "Accuracy and consistency are typically stressed over pure distance.", "A player with a straight drive that travels only will nevertheless be able to accurately place the ball into a favourable lie on the fairway, and can make up for the lesser distance of any given club by simply using \"more club\" (a lower loft) on their tee shot or on subsequent fairway and approach shots.", "However, a golfer with a drive that may go but often does not fly straight will be less able to position their ball advantageously; the ball may \"hook\", \"pull\", \"draw\", \"fade\", \"push\" or \"slice\" off the intended line and land out of bounds or in the rough or hazards, and thus the player will require many more strokes to hole out.", "A golf stroke uses the muscles of the core (especially erector spinae muscles and latissimus dorsi muscle when turning), hamstring, shoulder, and wrist.", "Stronger muscles in the wrist can prevent them from being twisted during swings, whilst stronger shoulders increase the turning force.", "Weak wrists can also transmit the force to elbows and even neck and lead to injury.", "(When a muscle contracts, it pulls equally from both ends and, to have movement at only one end of the muscle, other muscles must come into play to stabilize the bone to which the other end of the muscle is attached.)", "Golf is a unilateral exercise that can break body balances, requiring exercises to keep the balance in muscles.", "Putting is considered to be the most important component of the game of golf.", "As the game of golf has evolved, there have been many different putting techniques and grips that have been devised to give golfers the best chance to make putts.", "When the game originated, golfers would putt with their dominant hand on the bottom of the grip and their weak hand on top of the grip.", "This grip and putting style is known as \"conventional\".", "There are many variations of conventional including overlap, where the golfer overlaps the off hand index finger onto off the dominant pinky; interlock, where the offhand index finger interlocks with the dominant pinky and ring finger; double or triple overlap and so on.", "Recently, \"cross handed\" putting has become a popular trend amongst professional golfers and amateurs.", "Cross handed putting is the idea that the dominant hand is on top of the grip where the weak hand is on the bottom.", "This grip restricts the motion in your dominant hand and eliminates the possibility of wrist breakdowns through the putting stroke.", "Other notable putting styles include \"the claw\", a style that has the grip directly in between the thumb and index finger of the dominant hand while the palm faces the target.", "The weak hand placed normally on the putter.", "Anchored putting, a style that requires a longer putter shaft that can be anchored into the player's stomach or below the chin; the idea is to stabilize one end of the putter thus creating a more consistent pendulum stroke.", "This style has been banned on professional circuits since 2016.", "A hole is classified by its par, which gives an indication of the number of strokes a skilled golfer may be expected to need to complete play of the hole.", "The primary factor for classifying the par of a relatively straight, hazard-free hole is the distance from the tee to the green, and calculates the number of strokes a skilled golfer is expected to require to reach the green with an additional allowance of 2 putts.", "As such, the minimum par of any hole is 3; one stroke for the tee shot and two putts.", "Par 3, 4 and 5 holes are commonplace on golf courses; far more rarely, courses may feature par-6 and even par-7 holes.", "For men, a typical par-3 hole is less than in length, with a par-4 hole ranging between , and a par-5 hole being longer than ; for women these boundaries are lower, and for professionals they are much increased.", "The rare par-6s can stretch well over .", "These distances are based on the typical scratch golfer's drive distance of between .", "Although length is the primary factor in calculating par, other factors are taken into account; however the number of strokes a scratch golfer should take to make the green remains foremost.", "Factors affecting the calculation include altitude, gradient of the land from the tee to green, and forced \"lay-ups\" due to dog-legs (sharp bends) or obstacles (e.g. bunkers, water hazards).", "Getting the ball onto the green in two strokes less than par, and hence meeting the par calculation criteria, is called making \"green in regulation\" or GIR.", "Missing a GIR does not necessarily mean a golfer will not make par, but it does make doing so more difficult as it reduces the number of putts available; conversely, making a GIR does not guarantee a par, as the player might require three or more putts to \"hole out\".", "Professional golfers typically make between 60% and 70% of greens in regulation.", "Eighteen-hole courses typically total to an overall par score of 70 to 72 for a complete round; with most holes having a par of 4, and a smaller number of par-3 and par-5 holes.", "Additionally, courses may be classified according to their play difficulty, which may be used to calculate a golfer's handicap.", "The two primary difficulty ratings in the U.S. are the Course Rating, which is the expected score for a zero-handicap \"scratch golfer\", and the Slope Rating, which is a measure of how much worse a \"bogey golfer\" (handicap around 20) would be expected to play than a \"scratch golfer\" relative to their handicap.", "The goal is to play as few strokes per round as possible.", "A golfer's number of strokes in a hole, course, or tournament is compared to its respective par score, and is then reported either as the number that the golfer was \"under-\" or \"over-par\", or if it was \"equal to par\".", "A hole in one (or an \"ace\") occurs when a golfer sinks their ball into the cup with their first stroke from the tee.", "Common scores for a hole also have specific terms.", "In a typical professional tournament or among \"scratch\" amateur players, \"birdie-bogey\" play is common; a player will \"lose\" a stroke by bogeying a hole, then \"gain\" one by scoring a birdie.", "Eagles are uncommon but not rare; however, only 18 players have scored an albatross in a men's major championship.", "One of the rarest feats in golf is the condor, which has never occurred in a professional tournament.", "Only five condors have been verified to have ever occurred, although none of the courses involved were professionally accredited.", "There are two basic forms of golf play, match play and stroke play.", "Stroke play is more popular.", "Two players (or two teams) play each hole as a separate contest against each other in what is called match play.", "The party with the lower score wins that hole, or if the scores of both players or teams are equal the hole is \"halved\" (or tied).", "The game is won by the party that wins more holes than the other.", "In the case that one team or player has taken a lead that cannot be overcome in the number of holes remaining to be played, the match is deemed to be won by the party in the lead, and the remainder of the holes are not played.", "For example, if one party already has a lead of six holes, and only five holes remain to be played on the course, the match is over and the winning party is deemed to have won \"6 & 5\".", "At any given point, if the lead is equal to the number of holes remaining, the party leading the match is said to be \"dormie\", and the match is continued until the party increases the lead by one hole or ties any of the remaining holes, thereby winning the match, or until the match ends in a tie with the lead player's opponent winning all remaining holes.", "When the game is tied after the predetermined number of holes have been played, it may be continued until one side takes a one-hole lead.", "The score achieved for each and every hole of the round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins in stroke play.", "Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers.", "If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players.", "Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to a full 18.", "In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of their opponents wins the match.", "If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament.", "There are many variations in scoring and playing formats in the game of golf, some officially defined in the Rules of Golf.", "Variations include the popular Stableford scoring system, and various team formats.", "Some common and popular examples are listed below.", "There are also variations on the usual starting procedure where everyone begins from the first tee and plays all holes in order, through to the eighteenth.", "In large field tournaments, especially on professional tours, a two tee start is commonplace, where the field will be split between starting on the first tee and the tenth tee (sometimes the eighth or eleventh depending on proximity to the clubhouse).", "Shotgun starts are mainly used for amateur tournament or society play.", "In this variant, each of the groups playing starts their game on a different hole, allowing for all players to start and end their round at roughly the same time.", "For example, a group starting on hole 5 will play through to the 18th hole and continue with hole 1, ending their round on hole 4.", "A bogey or par competition is a scoring format sometimes seen in informal tournaments.", "Its scoring is similar to match play, except each player compares their hole score to the hole's par rating instead of the score of another player.", "The player \"wins\" the hole if they score a birdie or better, they \"lose\" the hole if they score a bogey or worse, and they \"halve\" the hole by scoring par.", "By recording only this simple win–loss–halve score on the sheet, a player can shrug off a very poorly-played hole with a simple \"-\" mark and move on.", "As used in competitions, the player or pair with the best win–loss differential wins the competition.", "The Stableford system is a simplification of stroke play that awards players points based on their score relative to the hole's par; the score for a hole is calculated by taking the par score, adding 2, then subtracting the player's hole score, making the result zero if negative.", "Alternately stated, a double bogey or worse is zero points, a bogey is worth one point, par is two, a birdie three, an eagle four, and so on.", "The advantages of this system over stroke play are a more natural \"higher is better\" scoring, the ability to compare Stableford scores between plays on courses with different total par scores (scoring an \"even\" in stroke play will always give a Stableford score of 36), discouraging the tendency to abandon the entire game after playing a particularly bad hole (a novice playing by strict rules may score as high as an 8 or 10 on a single difficult hole; their Stableford score for the hole would be zero, which puts them only two points behind par no matter how badly they played), and the ability to simply pick up one's ball once it is impossible to score any points for the hole, which speeds play.", "The USGA and R&A sanction a \"Modified Stableford\" system for scratch players, which makes par worth zero, a birdie worth 2, eagle 5 and double-eagle 8, while a bogey is a penalty of −1 and a double-bogey or worse −3.", "As with the original system, the highest score wins the game, and terrible scores on one or two holes will not ruin a player's overall score, but this system rewards \"bogey-birdie\" play more than the original, encouraging golfers to try to make riskier birdie putt or eagle chipshots instead of simply parring each hole.", "A handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's potential scoring ability over 18 holes.", "It is used to enable players of widely varying abilities to compete against one another.", "Better players are those with the lowest handicaps, and someone with a handicap of 0 or less is often referred to as a \"scratch golfer\".", "Handicap systems vary throughout the world and use different methods to assess courses and calculate handicaps.", "In order to address difficulties in translating between these systems the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new \"World Handicap System\" which is set to be introduced globally starting in 2020.", "Golf courses are assessed and rated according to the average good score of a scratch golfer, taking into account a multitude of factors affecting play, such as length, obstacles, undulations, etc.", "A player's handicap gives an indication of the number of strokes above this course rating that the player will make over the course of an \"average best\" round of golf, i.e. scoring near their potential, above average.", "Lower handicap players are generally the most consistent, so can be expected to play to this standard or better more often than higher handicappers.", "Some handicap systems also account for differences in scoring difficulty between low and high handicap golfer.", "They do this by means of assessing and rating courses according to the average good score of a \"bogey golfer\", a player with a handicap of around 20.", "This is used with the course rating to calculate a slope rating, which is used to adjust golfer's handicap to produce a \"playing handicap\" for the course and set of tees being used.", "Handicap systems have potential for abuse by players who may intentionally play badly to increase their handicap (sandbagging) before playing to their potential at an important event with a valuable prize.", "For this reason, handicaps are not used in professional golf, but they can still be calculated and used along with other criteria to determine the relative strengths of various professional players.", "Touring professionals, being the best of the best, have negative handicaps; they can be expected, more often than not, to score lower than the Course Rating on any course.", "In 2005 \"Golf Digest\" calculated that the countries with most golf courses per capita, in order, were: Scotland, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, Canada, Wales, United States, Sweden, and England (countries with fewer than 500,000 people were excluded).", "The number of courses in other territories has increased, an example of this being the expansion of golf in China.", "The first golf course in China opened in 1984, but by the end of 2009, there were roughly 600 in the country.", "For much of the 21st century, the development of new golf courses in China has been officially banned (with the exception of the island province of Hainan), but the number of courses had nonetheless tripled from 2004 to 2009; the \"ban\" has been evaded with the government's tacit approval simply by not mentioning golf in any development plans.", "In the United States, women made up 25 percent of golfers in 2021, which was up from 19 percent since 2011 and junior female golfers account for 35 percent or 1.1 million golfers.", "In the United States, the number of people who play golf twenty-five times or more per year decreased from 6.9 million in 2000 to 4.6 million in 2005, according to the National Golf Foundation.", "The NGF reported that the number who played golf at all decreased from 30 to 26 million over the same period.", "In February 1971, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first person to golf anywhere other than Earth.", "He smuggled a golf club and two golf balls on board Apollo 14 with the intent to golf on the Moon.", "He attempted two drives.", "He shanked the first attempt, but it is estimated his second went more than .", "Below are the top 20 countries that have the most golf courses as of 2019.", "The majority of professional golfers work as club or teaching professionals (\"pros\"), and only compete in local competitions.", "A small elite of professional golfers are \"tournament pros\" who compete full-time on international \"tours\".", "Many club and teaching professionals working in the golf industry start as caddies or with a general interest in the game, finding employment at golf courses and eventually moving on to certifications in their chosen profession.", "These programs include independent institutions and universities, and those that eventually lead to a Class A golf professional certification.", "Touring professionals typically start as amateur players, who attain their \"pro\" status after success in major tournaments that win them either prize money and/or notice from corporate sponsors.", "Jack Nicklaus, for example, gained widespread notice by finishing second in the 1960 U.S. Open to champion Arnold Palmer, with a 72-hole score of 282 (the best score to date in that tournament by an amateur).", "He played one more amateur year in 1961, winning that year's U.S. Amateur Championship, before turning pro in 1962.", "Golf instruction involves the teaching and learning of the game of golf.", "Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game.", "In some countries, golf instruction is best performed by teachers certified by the Professional Golfers Association.", "Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right.", "Professional golf instructors can use physical conditioning, mental visualization, classroom sessions, club fitting, driving range instruction, on-course play under real conditions, and review of videotaped swings in slow motion to teach golf to prepare the golfer for the course.", "There are at least twenty professional golf tours, each run by a PGA or an independent tour organization, which is responsible for arranging events, finding sponsors, and regulating the tour.", "Typically a tour has \"members\" who are entitled to compete in most of its events, and also invites non-members to compete in some of them.", "Gaining membership of an elite tour is highly competitive, and most professional golfers never achieve it.", "Perhaps the most widely known tour is the PGA Tour, which tends to attract the strongest fields, outside the four Majors and the four World Golf Championships events.", "This is due mostly to the fact that most PGA Tour events have a first prize of at least 800,000 USD.", "The European Tour, which attracts a substantial number of top golfers from outside North America, ranks second to the PGA Tour in worldwide prestige.", "Some top professionals from outside North America play enough tournaments to maintain membership on both the PGA Tour and European Tour.", "Since 2010, both tours' money titles have been claimed by the same individual three times, with Luke Donald doing so in 2011 and Rory McIlroy in 2012 and 2014.", "In 2013, Henrik Stenson won the FedEx Cup points race on the PGA Tour and the European Tour money title, but did not top the PGA Tour money list (that honour going to Tiger Woods).", "The other leading men's tours include the Japan Golf Tour, the Asian Tour (Asia outside Japan), the PGA Tour of Australasia, and the Sunshine Tour (for southern Africa, primarily South Africa).", "The Japan, Australasian, Sunshine, PGA, and European Tours are the charter members of the trade body of the world's main tours, the International Federation of PGA Tours, founded in 1996.", "The Asian Tour became a full member in 1999.", "The Canadian Tour became an associate member of the Federation in 2000, and the Tour de las Américas (Latin America) became an associate member of the Federation in 2007.", "The Federation underwent a major expansion in 2009 that saw eleven new tours become full members – the Canadian Tour, Tour de las Américas, China Golf Association, the Korea Professional Golfers' Association, Professional Golf Tour of India, and the operators of all six major women's tours worldwide.", "The OneAsia Tour, founded in 2009, is not a member of the Federation, but was founded as a joint venture of the Australasia, China, Japan, and Korean tours.", "In 2011, the Tour de las Américas was effectively taken over by the PGA Tour, and in 2012 was folded into the new PGA Tour Latinoamérica.", "Also in 2012, the Canadian Tour was renamed PGA Tour Canada after it agreed to be taken over by the PGA Tour.", "All men's tours that are Federation members, except the India tour, offer points in the Official World Golf Ranking (OWGR) to players who place sufficiently high in their events.", "The OneAsia Tour also offers ranking points.", "Golf is unique in having lucrative competition for older players.", "There are several senior tours for men aged fifty and over, arguably the best known of which is the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions.", "There are six principal tours for women, each based in a different country or continent.", "The most prestigious of these is the United States-based LPGA Tour.", "All of the principal tours offer points in the Women's World Golf Rankings for high finishers in their events.", "All of the leading professional tours for under-50 players have an official developmental tour, in which the leading players at the end of the season will earn a tour card on the main tour for the following season.", "Examples include the Korn Ferry Tour, which feeds to the PGA Tour, and the Challenge Tour, which is the developmental tour of the European Tour.", "The Korn Ferry and Challenge Tours also offer OWGR points.", "The major championships are the four most prestigious men's tournaments of the year.", "In chronological order they are: The Masters, the U.S. Open, The Open Championship (referred to in North America as the British Open) and the PGA Championship.", "The fields for these events include the top several dozen golfers from all over the world.", "The Masters has been played at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, since its inception in 1934.", "It is the only major championship that is played at the same course each year.", "The U.S. Open and PGA Championship are played at courses around the United States, while the Open Championship is played at courses around the United Kingdom.", "Prior to the advent of the PGA Championship and The Masters, the four Majors were the U.S. Open, the U.S. Amateur, the Open Championship, and the British Amateur.", "Women's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of majors recognised by the dominant women's tour, the LPGA Tour in the U.S., has changed several times over the years, with the most recent changes occurring in 2001 and 2013.", "Like the PGA Tour, the (U.S.) LPGA tour long had four majors, but now has five: the Chevron Championship (previously known by several other names, most recently the ANA Inspiration), the Women's PGA Championship (previously known as the LPGA Championship), the U.S. Women's Open, the Women's British Open (which replaced the du Maurier Classic as a major in 2001) and The Evian Championship (added as the fifth major in 2013).", "Only the last two are also recognised as majors by the Ladies European Tour.", "However, the significance of this is limited, as the LPGA is far more dominant in women's golf than the PGA Tour is in mainstream men's golf.", "For example, the BBC has been known to use the U.S. definition of \"women's majors\" without qualifying it.", "Also, the Ladies' Golf Union, the governing body for women's golf in Great Britain and Ireland, stated on its official website that the Women's British Open was \"the only Women's Major to be played outside the U.S.\" (this was before the elevation of The Evian Championship to major status).", "For many years, the Ladies European Tour tacitly acknowledged the dominance of the LPGA Tour by not scheduling any of its own events to conflict with the three LPGA majors played in the U.S., but that changed beginning in 2008, when the LET scheduled an event opposite the LPGA Championship.", "The second-richest women's tour, the LPGA of Japan Tour, does not recognise any of the U.S. LPGA or European majors as it has its own set of majors (historically three, since 2008 four).", "However, these events attract little notice outside Japan.", "Senior (aged fifty and over) men's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of senior majors on the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions has changed over the years, but always by expansion.", "PGA Tour Champions now recognises five majors: the Senior PGA Championship, The Tradition, the Senior Players Championship, the United States Senior Open, and The Senior (British) Open Championship.", "Of the five events, the Senior PGA is by far the oldest, having been founded in 1937.", "The other events all date from the 1980s, when senior golf became a commercial success as the first golf stars of the television era, such as Arnold Palmer and Gary Player, reached the relevant age.", "The Senior Open Championship was not recognised as a major by PGA Tour Champions until 2003.", "The European Senior Tour recognises only the Senior PGA and the two Senior Opens as majors.", "However, PGA Tour Champions is arguably more dominant in global senior golf than the U.S. LPGA is in global women's golf.", "Golf was featured in the Summer Olympic Games official programme in 1900 and 1904.", "After a 112-year absence, golf returned for the 2016 Rio Games.", "It was not until 1552 that the first woman golfer played the game.", "Mary Queen of Scots commissioned St. Andrew's Links.", "However, it was not until the 20th century that women were taken seriously and eventually broke the \"Gentlemen Only, Ladies Forbidden\" rule.", "Many men saw women as unfit to play the sport due to their supposed lack of strength and ability.", "In 1891 the newly built Shinnecock Hills nine-hole course in Southampton, New York became the first club to offer membership to women golfers.", "Four years later, in 1895, The U.S. Golf Association held the first Women's Amateur Championship tournament.", "Just like professional golfer Bobby Jones, Joyce Wethered was considered to be a star in the 1920s.", "Jones praised Wethered in 1930 after they had played an exhibition against each other.", "He doubted that there had ever been a better golfer, man or woman.", "However, Bobby Jones' comment was not enough for others to change their views on women golfers.", "The Royal Liverpool's club refused entry of Sir Henry Cotton's wife into the clubhouse in the late 1940s.", "The secretary of the club released a statement saying, \"No woman ever has entered the clubhouse and, praise God, no woman ever will.\"", "However, American golfer and all-around athlete Babe Zaharias did not have to enter the clubhouse.", "She was able to prove herself on the course, going on to become the first American to win the British Women's Amateur title in 1947.", "The following year she became the first woman to attempt to qualify for the U.S. Open, but her application was rejected by the USGA.", "They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only.", "The Ladies Professional Golf Association was formed in 1950 as a way to popularize the sport and provide competitive opportunities for golfers.", "The competitions were not the same for the men and women.", "It was not until 1972 that U.S. Congress passed the Title IX of the Education Amendments.", "\"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any education program or activities receiving Federal financial assistance.\"", "American Renee Powell moved to the UK in the 1970s to further her career, and became the first woman to play in a British men's tournament in 1977.", "As of 2016, women golfers were still fighting to have the same opportunities as male golfers.", "There is still a significant pay gap in the USGA.", "The USGA has a long history of writing bigger checks to winners of the men's U.S. Open than the U.S. Women's Open." ]

[ 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 ]

[ "Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible." ]

[ "While the modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scotland, the game's ancient origins are unclear and much debated.", "Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball.", "One theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century BC, and eventually evolved into the modern game.", "Others cite chuiwan (捶丸; \"chui\" means striking and \"wan\" means small ball) as the progenitor, a Chinese game played between the eighth and fourteenth centuries.", "A Ming Dynasty scroll by the artist Youqiu dating back to 1368 entitled \"The Autumn Banquet\" shows a member of the Chinese Imperial court swinging what appears to be a golf club at a small ball with the aim of sinking it into a hole.", "The game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages.", "Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France.", "The Persian game chowkan is another possible ancient origin, albeit being more polo-like.", "In addition, kolven (a game involving a ball and curved bats) was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V, a year earlier.", "The modern game originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is James II's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery.", "James IV lifted the ban in 1502 when he became a golfer himself, with golf clubs first recorded in 1503–1504: \"For golf clubbes and balles to the King that he playit with\".", "To many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews, a links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage.", "In 1764, the standard 18-hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes.", "Golf is documented as being played on Musselburgh Links, East Lothian, Scotland as early as 2 March 1672, which is certified as the oldest golf course in the world by \"Guinness World Records\".", "The oldest surviving rules of golf were compiled in March 1744 for the Company of Gentlemen Golfers, later renamed The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, which was played at Leith, Scotland.", "The world's oldest golf tournament in existence, and golf's first major, is The Open Championship, which was first played on 17 October 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club, in Ayrshire, Scotland, with Scottish golfers winning the earliest majors.", "Two Scotsmen from Dunfermline, John Reid and Robert Lockhart, first demonstrated golf in the U.S. by setting up a hole in an orchard in 1888, with Reid setting up America's first golf club the same year, Saint Andrew's Golf Club in Yonkers, New York.", "A golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a teeing ground or \"tee box\" that is set off by two markers showing the bounds of the legal tee area, fairway, rough and other hazards, and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the pin (normally a flagstick) and cup.", "The levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting in the case of the green.", "While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing area to the green, some holes may bend either to the left or to the right.", "This is commonly called a \"dogleg\", in reference to a dog's knee.", "The hole is called a \"dogleg left\" if the hole angles leftwards and \"dogleg right\" if it bends right.", "Sometimes, a hole's direction may bend twice; this is called a \"double dogleg\".", "A regular golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine-hole courses are common and can be played twice through for a full round of 18 holes.", "Early Scottish golf courses were primarily laid out on links land, soil-covered sand dunes directly inland from beaches.", "The word \"links\" derives from the Scots language and the Old English word \"hlinc\" (\"rising ground, ridge\"): traditionally these are coastal sand dunes but sometimes open parkland.", "This gave rise to the term \"golf links\", particularly applied to seaside courses and those built on naturally sandy soil inland.", "The first 18-hole golf course in the United States was on a sheep farm in Downers Grove, Illinois, in 1892.", "The course is still there today.", "Every round of golf is based on playing a number of holes in a given order.", "A \"round\" typically consists of 18 holes that are played in the order determined by the course layout.", "Each hole is played once in the round on a standard course of 18 holes.", "The game can be played by any number of people, although a typical group playing will have 1-4 people playing the round.", "The typical amount of time required for pace of play for a 9-hole round is two hours and four hours for an 18-hole round.", "Playing a hole on a golf course is initiated by putting a ball into play by striking it with a club on the teeing ground (also called the tee box, or simply the tee).", "For this first shot on each hole, it is allowed but not required for the golfer to place the ball on a tee prior to striking it.", "A tee is a small peg that can be used to elevate the ball slightly above the ground up to a few centimetres high.", "Tees are commonly made of wood but may be constructed of any material, including plastic.", "Traditionally, golfers used mounds of sand to elevate the ball, and containers of sand were provided for the purpose.", "A few courses still require sand to be used instead of peg tees, to reduce litter and reduce damage to the teeing ground.", "Tees help reduce the interference of the ground or grass on the movement of the club making the ball easier to hit, and also places the ball in the very centre of the striking face of the club (the \"sweet spot\") for better distance.", "When the initial shot on a hole is intended to move the ball a long distance, typically more than , the shot is commonly called a \"drive\" and is generally made with a long-shafted, large-headed wood club called a \"driver\".", "Shorter holes may be initiated with other clubs, such as higher-numbered woods or irons.", "Once the ball comes to rest, the golfer strikes it again as many times as necessary using shots that are variously known as a \"lay-up\", an \"approach\", a \"pitch\", or a \"chip\", until the ball reaches the green, where he or she then \"putts\" the ball into the hole (commonly called \"sinking the putt\" or \"holing out\").", "The goal of getting the ball into the hole (\"holing\" the ball) in as few strokes as possible may be impeded by obstacles such as areas of longer grass called \"rough\" (usually found alongside fairways), which both slows any ball that contacts it and makes it harder to advance a ball that has stopped on it; \"doglegs\", which are changes in the direction of the fairway that often require shorter shots to play around them; bunkers (or sand traps); and water hazards such as ponds or streams.", "In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules, each player plays their ball until it is holed no matter how many strokes that may take.", "In match play it is acceptable to simply pick up one's ball and \"surrender the hole\" after enough strokes have been made by a player that it is mathematically impossible for the player to win the hole.", "It is also acceptable in informal stroke play to surrender the hole after hitting three strokes more than the \"par\" rating of the hole (a \"triple bogey\" - see below); while technically a violation of Rule 3–2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids \"runaway scores\", excessive frustration and injuries caused by overexertion.", "The total distance from the first teeing ground to the 18th green can be quite long; total yardages \"through the green\" can be in excess of , and when adding in the travel distance between the green of one hole and the tee of the next, even skilled players may easily travel or more during a round.", "At some courses, electric golf carts are used to travel between shots, which can speed-up play and allows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round.", "On other courses players generally walk the course, either carrying their bag using a shoulder strap or using a \"golf trolley\" for their bag.", "These trolleys may or may not be battery assisted.", "At many amateur tournaments including U.S. high school and college play, players are required to walk and to carry their own bags, but at the professional and top amateur level, as well as at high-level private clubs, players may be accompanied by caddies, who carry and manage the players' equipment and who are allowed by the rules to give advice on the play of the course.", "A caddie's advice can only be given to the player or players for whom the caddie is working, and not to other competing players.", "The rules of golf are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by The R&A, spun off in 2004 from The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (founded 1754), and the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "With the aim of simplifying the rules, in 2017 the USGA and R&A undertook a complete rewrite.", "The new rule book came into effect in January 2019.", "The underlying principle of the rules is fairness.", "As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:\n\"Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair.", "\"\nThere are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers.", "Essentially, anybody who has ever received payment or compensation for giving instruction, or played golf for money, is not considered an amateur and may not participate in competitions limited solely to amateurs.", "However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status.", "In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette.", "Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course.", "Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience.", "Penalty strokes are incurred in certain situations and are counted towards a player's score as if there were extra swing(s) at the ball.", "Either one or two strokes are added for most rule infractions or for taking relief from various situations, with the \"general penalty\" defined as two-strokes, and disqualification for severe or repeated rule breaches.", "Examples include:", "Golf clubs are used to hit the golf ball.", "Each club is composed of a shaft with a lance (or \"grip\") on the top end and a club head on the bottom.", "Long clubs, which have a lower amount of degree loft, are those meant to propel the ball a comparatively longer distance, and short clubs a higher degree of loft and a comparatively shorter distance.", "The actual physical length of each club is longer or shorter, depending on the distance the club is intended to propel the ball.", "Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types.", "Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively \"open\" lies, such as the teeing ground and fairway.", "Of particular importance is the \"driver\" or \"1-wood\", which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to , or more, in a professional golfer's hands.", "Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials.", "Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with a metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face.", "Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy.", "Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps.", "The third class is the putter, which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole.", "Putters are virtually always used on the green or in the surrounding rough/fringe.", "A fourth class, called hybrids, evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but a higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature.", "A maximum of 14 clubs is allowed in a player's bag at one time during a stipulated round.", "The choice of clubs is at the golfer's discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules.", "(Clubs that meet these parameters are usually called \"conforming\".)", "Violation of these rules can result in disqualification.", "The exact shot hit at any given time on a golf course, and which club is used to accomplish the shot, are always completely at the discretion of the golfer; in other words, there is no restriction whatsoever on which club a golfer may or may not use at any time for any shot.", "Golf balls are spherical, usually white (although other colours are allowed), and minutely pock-marked by dimples that decrease aerodynamic drag by increasing air turbulence around the ball in motion, which delays \"boundary layer\" separation and reduces the drag-inducing \"wake\" behind the ball,\nthereby allowing the ball to fly farther.", "The combination of a soft \"boundary layer\" and a hard \"core\" enables both distance and spin.", "A tee is allowed only for the first stroke on each hole, unless the player must hit a provisional tee shot or replay their first shot from the tee.", "Many golfers wear golf shoes with metal or plastic spikes designed to increase traction, thus allowing for longer and more accurate shots.", "A golf bag is used to transport golf clubs and the player's other or personal equipment.", "Golf bags have several pockets designed for carrying equipment and supplies such as tees, balls, and gloves.", "Golf bags can be carried, pulled on a trolley or harnessed to a motorized golf cart during play.", "Golf bags usually have both a hand strap and shoulder strap for carrying, others may be carried over both shoulders like a backpack, and often bags have retractable legs that allow the bag to stand upright when at rest.", "The golf swing is outwardly similar to many other motions involving swinging a tool or playing implement, such as an axe or a baseball bat.", "However, unlike many of these motions, the result of the swing is highly dependent on several sub-motions being properly aligned and timed.", "These ensure that the club travels up to the ball in line with the desired path; that the clubface is in line with the swing path; and that the ball hits the centre or \"sweet spot\" of the clubface.", "The ability to do this consistently, across a complete set of clubs with a wide range of shaft lengths and clubface areas, is a key skill for any golfer, and takes a significant effort to achieve.", "Stance refers to how the golfer positions themselves in order to play a stroke; it is fundamentally important in being able to play a stroke effectively.", "The stance adopted is determined by what stroke is being played.", "All stances involve a slight crouch.", "This allows for a more efficient striking posture whilst also isometrically preloading the muscles of the legs and core; this allows the stroke to be played more dynamically and with a greater level of overall control.", "When adopting their stance golfers start with the non-dominant side of the body facing the target (for a right-hander, the target is to their left).", "Setting the stance in regard to the position of the ball, and placing the clubhead behind the ball, is known as being at address; when in this position the player's body and the centerline of the club face are positioned parallel to the desired line of travel, with the feet either perpendicular to that line or slightly splayed outward.", "The feet are commonly shoulder-width apart for middle irons and putters, narrower for short irons and wider for long irons and woods.", "The ball is typically positioned more to the \"front\" of the player's stance (closer to the leading foot) for lower-lofted clubs, with the usual ball position for a drive being just behind the arch of the leading foot.", "The ball is placed further \"back\" in the player's stance (toward the trailing foot) as the loft of the club to be used increases.", "Most iron shots and putts are made with the ball roughly centered in the stance, while a few mid- and short-iron shots are made with the ball slightly behind the centre of the stance to ensure consistent contact between the ball and clubface, so the ball is on its way before the club continues down into the turf.", "The golfer chooses a golf club, grip, and stroke appropriate to the distance:\n\n\nHaving chosen a club and stroke to produce the desired distance, the player addresses the ball by taking their stance to the side of it and (except when the ball lies in a hazard) grounding the club behind the ball.", "The golfer then takes their backswing, rotating the club, their arms and their upper body away from the ball, and then begins their swing, bringing the clubhead back down and around to hit the ball.", "A proper golf swing is a complex combination of motions, and slight variations in posture or positioning can make a great deal of difference in how well the ball is hit and how straight it travels.", "The general goal of a player making a full swing is to propel the clubhead as fast as possible while maintaining a single \"plane\" of motion of the club and clubhead, to send the clubhead into the ball along the desired path of travel and with the clubhead also pointing that direction.", "Accuracy and consistency are typically stressed over pure distance.", "A player with a straight drive that travels only will nevertheless be able to accurately place the ball into a favourable lie on the fairway, and can make up for the lesser distance of any given club by simply using \"more club\" (a lower loft) on their tee shot or on subsequent fairway and approach shots.", "However, a golfer with a drive that may go but often does not fly straight will be less able to position their ball advantageously; the ball may \"hook\", \"pull\", \"draw\", \"fade\", \"push\" or \"slice\" off the intended line and land out of bounds or in the rough or hazards, and thus the player will require many more strokes to hole out.", "A golf stroke uses the muscles of the core (especially erector spinae muscles and latissimus dorsi muscle when turning), hamstring, shoulder, and wrist.", "Stronger muscles in the wrist can prevent them from being twisted during swings, whilst stronger shoulders increase the turning force.", "Weak wrists can also transmit the force to elbows and even neck and lead to injury.", "(When a muscle contracts, it pulls equally from both ends and, to have movement at only one end of the muscle, other muscles must come into play to stabilize the bone to which the other end of the muscle is attached.)", "Golf is a unilateral exercise that can break body balances, requiring exercises to keep the balance in muscles.", "Putting is considered to be the most important component of the game of golf.", "As the game of golf has evolved, there have been many different putting techniques and grips that have been devised to give golfers the best chance to make putts.", "When the game originated, golfers would putt with their dominant hand on the bottom of the grip and their weak hand on top of the grip.", "This grip and putting style is known as \"conventional\".", "There are many variations of conventional including overlap, where the golfer overlaps the off hand index finger onto off the dominant pinky; interlock, where the offhand index finger interlocks with the dominant pinky and ring finger; double or triple overlap and so on.", "Recently, \"cross handed\" putting has become a popular trend amongst professional golfers and amateurs.", "Cross handed putting is the idea that the dominant hand is on top of the grip where the weak hand is on the bottom.", "This grip restricts the motion in your dominant hand and eliminates the possibility of wrist breakdowns through the putting stroke.", "Other notable putting styles include \"the claw\", a style that has the grip directly in between the thumb and index finger of the dominant hand while the palm faces the target.", "The weak hand placed normally on the putter.", "Anchored putting, a style that requires a longer putter shaft that can be anchored into the player's stomach or below the chin; the idea is to stabilize one end of the putter thus creating a more consistent pendulum stroke.", "This style has been banned on professional circuits since 2016.", "A hole is classified by its par, which gives an indication of the number of strokes a skilled golfer may be expected to need to complete play of the hole.", "The primary factor for classifying the par of a relatively straight, hazard-free hole is the distance from the tee to the green, and calculates the number of strokes a skilled golfer is expected to require to reach the green with an additional allowance of 2 putts.", "As such, the minimum par of any hole is 3; one stroke for the tee shot and two putts.", "Par 3, 4 and 5 holes are commonplace on golf courses; far more rarely, courses may feature par-6 and even par-7 holes.", "For men, a typical par-3 hole is less than in length, with a par-4 hole ranging between , and a par-5 hole being longer than ; for women these boundaries are lower, and for professionals they are much increased.", "The rare par-6s can stretch well over .", "These distances are based on the typical scratch golfer's drive distance of between .", "Although length is the primary factor in calculating par, other factors are taken into account; however the number of strokes a scratch golfer should take to make the green remains foremost.", "Factors affecting the calculation include altitude, gradient of the land from the tee to green, and forced \"lay-ups\" due to dog-legs (sharp bends) or obstacles (e.g. bunkers, water hazards).", "Getting the ball onto the green in two strokes less than par, and hence meeting the par calculation criteria, is called making \"green in regulation\" or GIR.", "Missing a GIR does not necessarily mean a golfer will not make par, but it does make doing so more difficult as it reduces the number of putts available; conversely, making a GIR does not guarantee a par, as the player might require three or more putts to \"hole out\".", "Professional golfers typically make between 60% and 70% of greens in regulation.", "Eighteen-hole courses typically total to an overall par score of 70 to 72 for a complete round; with most holes having a par of 4, and a smaller number of par-3 and par-5 holes.", "Additionally, courses may be classified according to their play difficulty, which may be used to calculate a golfer's handicap.", "The two primary difficulty ratings in the U.S. are the Course Rating, which is the expected score for a zero-handicap \"scratch golfer\", and the Slope Rating, which is a measure of how much worse a \"bogey golfer\" (handicap around 20) would be expected to play than a \"scratch golfer\" relative to their handicap.", "The goal is to play as few strokes per round as possible.", "A golfer's number of strokes in a hole, course, or tournament is compared to its respective par score, and is then reported either as the number that the golfer was \"under-\" or \"over-par\", or if it was \"equal to par\".", "A hole in one (or an \"ace\") occurs when a golfer sinks their ball into the cup with their first stroke from the tee.", "Common scores for a hole also have specific terms.", "In a typical professional tournament or among \"scratch\" amateur players, \"birdie-bogey\" play is common; a player will \"lose\" a stroke by bogeying a hole, then \"gain\" one by scoring a birdie.", "Eagles are uncommon but not rare; however, only 18 players have scored an albatross in a men's major championship.", "One of the rarest feats in golf is the condor, which has never occurred in a professional tournament.", "Only five condors have been verified to have ever occurred, although none of the courses involved were professionally accredited.", "There are two basic forms of golf play, match play and stroke play.", "Stroke play is more popular.", "Two players (or two teams) play each hole as a separate contest against each other in what is called match play.", "The party with the lower score wins that hole, or if the scores of both players or teams are equal the hole is \"halved\" (or tied).", "The game is won by the party that wins more holes than the other.", "In the case that one team or player has taken a lead that cannot be overcome in the number of holes remaining to be played, the match is deemed to be won by the party in the lead, and the remainder of the holes are not played.", "For example, if one party already has a lead of six holes, and only five holes remain to be played on the course, the match is over and the winning party is deemed to have won \"6 & 5\".", "At any given point, if the lead is equal to the number of holes remaining, the party leading the match is said to be \"dormie\", and the match is continued until the party increases the lead by one hole or ties any of the remaining holes, thereby winning the match, or until the match ends in a tie with the lead player's opponent winning all remaining holes.", "When the game is tied after the predetermined number of holes have been played, it may be continued until one side takes a one-hole lead.", "The score achieved for each and every hole of the round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins in stroke play.", "Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers.", "If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players.", "Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to a full 18.", "In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of their opponents wins the match.", "If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament.", "There are many variations in scoring and playing formats in the game of golf, some officially defined in the Rules of Golf.", "Variations include the popular Stableford scoring system, and various team formats.", "Some common and popular examples are listed below.", "There are also variations on the usual starting procedure where everyone begins from the first tee and plays all holes in order, through to the eighteenth.", "In large field tournaments, especially on professional tours, a two tee start is commonplace, where the field will be split between starting on the first tee and the tenth tee (sometimes the eighth or eleventh depending on proximity to the clubhouse).", "Shotgun starts are mainly used for amateur tournament or society play.", "In this variant, each of the groups playing starts their game on a different hole, allowing for all players to start and end their round at roughly the same time.", "For example, a group starting on hole 5 will play through to the 18th hole and continue with hole 1, ending their round on hole 4.", "A bogey or par competition is a scoring format sometimes seen in informal tournaments.", "Its scoring is similar to match play, except each player compares their hole score to the hole's par rating instead of the score of another player.", "The player \"wins\" the hole if they score a birdie or better, they \"lose\" the hole if they score a bogey or worse, and they \"halve\" the hole by scoring par.", "By recording only this simple win–loss–halve score on the sheet, a player can shrug off a very poorly-played hole with a simple \"-\" mark and move on.", "As used in competitions, the player or pair with the best win–loss differential wins the competition.", "The Stableford system is a simplification of stroke play that awards players points based on their score relative to the hole's par; the score for a hole is calculated by taking the par score, adding 2, then subtracting the player's hole score, making the result zero if negative.", "Alternately stated, a double bogey or worse is zero points, a bogey is worth one point, par is two, a birdie three, an eagle four, and so on.", "The advantages of this system over stroke play are a more natural \"higher is better\" scoring, the ability to compare Stableford scores between plays on courses with different total par scores (scoring an \"even\" in stroke play will always give a Stableford score of 36), discouraging the tendency to abandon the entire game after playing a particularly bad hole (a novice playing by strict rules may score as high as an 8 or 10 on a single difficult hole; their Stableford score for the hole would be zero, which puts them only two points behind par no matter how badly they played), and the ability to simply pick up one's ball once it is impossible to score any points for the hole, which speeds play.", "The USGA and R&A sanction a \"Modified Stableford\" system for scratch players, which makes par worth zero, a birdie worth 2, eagle 5 and double-eagle 8, while a bogey is a penalty of −1 and a double-bogey or worse −3.", "As with the original system, the highest score wins the game, and terrible scores on one or two holes will not ruin a player's overall score, but this system rewards \"bogey-birdie\" play more than the original, encouraging golfers to try to make riskier birdie putt or eagle chipshots instead of simply parring each hole.", "A handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's potential scoring ability over 18 holes.", "It is used to enable players of widely varying abilities to compete against one another.", "Better players are those with the lowest handicaps, and someone with a handicap of 0 or less is often referred to as a \"scratch golfer\".", "Handicap systems vary throughout the world and use different methods to assess courses and calculate handicaps.", "In order to address difficulties in translating between these systems the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new \"World Handicap System\" which is set to be introduced globally starting in 2020.", "Golf courses are assessed and rated according to the average good score of a scratch golfer, taking into account a multitude of factors affecting play, such as length, obstacles, undulations, etc.", "A player's handicap gives an indication of the number of strokes above this course rating that the player will make over the course of an \"average best\" round of golf, i.e. scoring near their potential, above average.", "Lower handicap players are generally the most consistent, so can be expected to play to this standard or better more often than higher handicappers.", "Some handicap systems also account for differences in scoring difficulty between low and high handicap golfer.", "They do this by means of assessing and rating courses according to the average good score of a \"bogey golfer\", a player with a handicap of around 20.", "This is used with the course rating to calculate a slope rating, which is used to adjust golfer's handicap to produce a \"playing handicap\" for the course and set of tees being used.", "Handicap systems have potential for abuse by players who may intentionally play badly to increase their handicap (sandbagging) before playing to their potential at an important event with a valuable prize.", "For this reason, handicaps are not used in professional golf, but they can still be calculated and used along with other criteria to determine the relative strengths of various professional players.", "Touring professionals, being the best of the best, have negative handicaps; they can be expected, more often than not, to score lower than the Course Rating on any course.", "In 2005 \"Golf Digest\" calculated that the countries with most golf courses per capita, in order, were: Scotland, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, Canada, Wales, United States, Sweden, and England (countries with fewer than 500,000 people were excluded).", "The number of courses in other territories has increased, an example of this being the expansion of golf in China.", "The first golf course in China opened in 1984, but by the end of 2009, there were roughly 600 in the country.", "For much of the 21st century, the development of new golf courses in China has been officially banned (with the exception of the island province of Hainan), but the number of courses had nonetheless tripled from 2004 to 2009; the \"ban\" has been evaded with the government's tacit approval simply by not mentioning golf in any development plans.", "In the United States, women made up 25 percent of golfers in 2021, which was up from 19 percent since 2011 and junior female golfers account for 35 percent or 1.1 million golfers.", "In the United States, the number of people who play golf twenty-five times or more per year decreased from 6.9 million in 2000 to 4.6 million in 2005, according to the National Golf Foundation.", "The NGF reported that the number who played golf at all decreased from 30 to 26 million over the same period.", "In February 1971, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first person to golf anywhere other than Earth.", "He smuggled a golf club and two golf balls on board Apollo 14 with the intent to golf on the Moon.", "He attempted two drives.", "He shanked the first attempt, but it is estimated his second went more than .", "Below are the top 20 countries that have the most golf courses as of 2019.", "The majority of professional golfers work as club or teaching professionals (\"pros\"), and only compete in local competitions.", "A small elite of professional golfers are \"tournament pros\" who compete full-time on international \"tours\".", "Many club and teaching professionals working in the golf industry start as caddies or with a general interest in the game, finding employment at golf courses and eventually moving on to certifications in their chosen profession.", "These programs include independent institutions and universities, and those that eventually lead to a Class A golf professional certification.", "Touring professionals typically start as amateur players, who attain their \"pro\" status after success in major tournaments that win them either prize money and/or notice from corporate sponsors.", "Jack Nicklaus, for example, gained widespread notice by finishing second in the 1960 U.S. Open to champion Arnold Palmer, with a 72-hole score of 282 (the best score to date in that tournament by an amateur).", "He played one more amateur year in 1961, winning that year's U.S. Amateur Championship, before turning pro in 1962.", "Golf instruction involves the teaching and learning of the game of golf.", "Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game.", "In some countries, golf instruction is best performed by teachers certified by the Professional Golfers Association.", "Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right.", "Professional golf instructors can use physical conditioning, mental visualization, classroom sessions, club fitting, driving range instruction, on-course play under real conditions, and review of videotaped swings in slow motion to teach golf to prepare the golfer for the course.", "There are at least twenty professional golf tours, each run by a PGA or an independent tour organization, which is responsible for arranging events, finding sponsors, and regulating the tour.", "Typically a tour has \"members\" who are entitled to compete in most of its events, and also invites non-members to compete in some of them.", "Gaining membership of an elite tour is highly competitive, and most professional golfers never achieve it.", "Perhaps the most widely known tour is the PGA Tour, which tends to attract the strongest fields, outside the four Majors and the four World Golf Championships events.", "This is due mostly to the fact that most PGA Tour events have a first prize of at least 800,000 USD.", "The European Tour, which attracts a substantial number of top golfers from outside North America, ranks second to the PGA Tour in worldwide prestige.", "Some top professionals from outside North America play enough tournaments to maintain membership on both the PGA Tour and European Tour.", "Since 2010, both tours' money titles have been claimed by the same individual three times, with Luke Donald doing so in 2011 and Rory McIlroy in 2012 and 2014.", "In 2013, Henrik Stenson won the FedEx Cup points race on the PGA Tour and the European Tour money title, but did not top the PGA Tour money list (that honour going to Tiger Woods).", "The other leading men's tours include the Japan Golf Tour, the Asian Tour (Asia outside Japan), the PGA Tour of Australasia, and the Sunshine Tour (for southern Africa, primarily South Africa).", "The Japan, Australasian, Sunshine, PGA, and European Tours are the charter members of the trade body of the world's main tours, the International Federation of PGA Tours, founded in 1996.", "The Asian Tour became a full member in 1999.", "The Canadian Tour became an associate member of the Federation in 2000, and the Tour de las Américas (Latin America) became an associate member of the Federation in 2007.", "The Federation underwent a major expansion in 2009 that saw eleven new tours become full members – the Canadian Tour, Tour de las Américas, China Golf Association, the Korea Professional Golfers' Association, Professional Golf Tour of India, and the operators of all six major women's tours worldwide.", "The OneAsia Tour, founded in 2009, is not a member of the Federation, but was founded as a joint venture of the Australasia, China, Japan, and Korean tours.", "In 2011, the Tour de las Américas was effectively taken over by the PGA Tour, and in 2012 was folded into the new PGA Tour Latinoamérica.", "Also in 2012, the Canadian Tour was renamed PGA Tour Canada after it agreed to be taken over by the PGA Tour.", "All men's tours that are Federation members, except the India tour, offer points in the Official World Golf Ranking (OWGR) to players who place sufficiently high in their events.", "The OneAsia Tour also offers ranking points.", "Golf is unique in having lucrative competition for older players.", "There are several senior tours for men aged fifty and over, arguably the best known of which is the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions.", "There are six principal tours for women, each based in a different country or continent.", "The most prestigious of these is the United States-based LPGA Tour.", "All of the principal tours offer points in the Women's World Golf Rankings for high finishers in their events.", "All of the leading professional tours for under-50 players have an official developmental tour, in which the leading players at the end of the season will earn a tour card on the main tour for the following season.", "Examples include the Korn Ferry Tour, which feeds to the PGA Tour, and the Challenge Tour, which is the developmental tour of the European Tour.", "The Korn Ferry and Challenge Tours also offer OWGR points.", "The major championships are the four most prestigious men's tournaments of the year.", "In chronological order they are: The Masters, the U.S. Open, The Open Championship (referred to in North America as the British Open) and the PGA Championship.", "The fields for these events include the top several dozen golfers from all over the world.", "The Masters has been played at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, since its inception in 1934.", "It is the only major championship that is played at the same course each year.", "The U.S. Open and PGA Championship are played at courses around the United States, while the Open Championship is played at courses around the United Kingdom.", "Prior to the advent of the PGA Championship and The Masters, the four Majors were the U.S. Open, the U.S. Amateur, the Open Championship, and the British Amateur.", "Women's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of majors recognised by the dominant women's tour, the LPGA Tour in the U.S., has changed several times over the years, with the most recent changes occurring in 2001 and 2013.", "Like the PGA Tour, the (U.S.) LPGA tour long had four majors, but now has five: the Chevron Championship (previously known by several other names, most recently the ANA Inspiration), the Women's PGA Championship (previously known as the LPGA Championship), the U.S. Women's Open, the Women's British Open (which replaced the du Maurier Classic as a major in 2001) and The Evian Championship (added as the fifth major in 2013).", "Only the last two are also recognised as majors by the Ladies European Tour.", "However, the significance of this is limited, as the LPGA is far more dominant in women's golf than the PGA Tour is in mainstream men's golf.", "For example, the BBC has been known to use the U.S. definition of \"women's majors\" without qualifying it.", "Also, the Ladies' Golf Union, the governing body for women's golf in Great Britain and Ireland, stated on its official website that the Women's British Open was \"the only Women's Major to be played outside the U.S.\" (this was before the elevation of The Evian Championship to major status).", "For many years, the Ladies European Tour tacitly acknowledged the dominance of the LPGA Tour by not scheduling any of its own events to conflict with the three LPGA majors played in the U.S., but that changed beginning in 2008, when the LET scheduled an event opposite the LPGA Championship.", "The second-richest women's tour, the LPGA of Japan Tour, does not recognise any of the U.S. LPGA or European majors as it has its own set of majors (historically three, since 2008 four).", "However, these events attract little notice outside Japan.", "Senior (aged fifty and over) men's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of senior majors on the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions has changed over the years, but always by expansion.", "PGA Tour Champions now recognises five majors: the Senior PGA Championship, The Tradition, the Senior Players Championship, the United States Senior Open, and The Senior (British) Open Championship.", "Of the five events, the Senior PGA is by far the oldest, having been founded in 1937.", "The other events all date from the 1980s, when senior golf became a commercial success as the first golf stars of the television era, such as Arnold Palmer and Gary Player, reached the relevant age.", "The Senior Open Championship was not recognised as a major by PGA Tour Champions until 2003.", "The European Senior Tour recognises only the Senior PGA and the two Senior Opens as majors.", "However, PGA Tour Champions is arguably more dominant in global senior golf than the U.S. LPGA is in global women's golf.", "Golf was featured in the Summer Olympic Games official programme in 1900 and 1904.", "After a 112-year absence, golf returned for the 2016 Rio Games.", "It was not until 1552 that the first woman golfer played the game.", "Mary Queen of Scots commissioned St. Andrew's Links.", "However, it was not until the 20th century that women were taken seriously and eventually broke the \"Gentlemen Only, Ladies Forbidden\" rule.", "Many men saw women as unfit to play the sport due to their supposed lack of strength and ability.", "In 1891 the newly built Shinnecock Hills nine-hole course in Southampton, New York became the first club to offer membership to women golfers.", "Four years later, in 1895, The U.S. Golf Association held the first Women's Amateur Championship tournament.", "Just like professional golfer Bobby Jones, Joyce Wethered was considered to be a star in the 1920s.", "Jones praised Wethered in 1930 after they had played an exhibition against each other.", "He doubted that there had ever been a better golfer, man or woman.", "However, Bobby Jones' comment was not enough for others to change their views on women golfers.", "The Royal Liverpool's club refused entry of Sir Henry Cotton's wife into the clubhouse in the late 1940s.", "The secretary of the club released a statement saying, \"No woman ever has entered the clubhouse and, praise God, no woman ever will.\"", "However, American golfer and all-around athlete Babe Zaharias did not have to enter the clubhouse.", "She was able to prove herself on the course, going on to become the first American to win the British Women's Amateur title in 1947.", "The following year she became the first woman to attempt to qualify for the U.S. Open, but her application was rejected by the USGA.", "They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only.", "The Ladies Professional Golf Association was formed in 1950 as a way to popularize the sport and provide competitive opportunities for golfers.", "The competitions were not the same for the men and women.", "It was not until 1972 that U.S. Congress passed the Title IX of the Education Amendments.", "\"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any education program or activities receiving Federal financial assistance.\"", "American Renee Powell moved to the UK in the 1970s to further her career, and became the first woman to play in a British men's tournament in 1977.", "As of 2016, women golfers were still fighting to have the same opportunities as male golfers.", "There is still a significant pay gap in the USGA.", "The USGA has a long history of writing bigger checks to winners of the men's U.S. Open than the U.S. Women's Open." ]

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[ "This is one of the four major championships in men's professional golf, the other three being played in the United States: The Masters, the U.S. Open, and the PGA Championship." ]

[ "While the modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scotland, the game's ancient origins are unclear and much debated.", "Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball.", "One theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century BC, and eventually evolved into the modern game.", "Others cite chuiwan (捶丸; \"chui\" means striking and \"wan\" means small ball) as the progenitor, a Chinese game played between the eighth and fourteenth centuries.", "A Ming Dynasty scroll by the artist Youqiu dating back to 1368 entitled \"The Autumn Banquet\" shows a member of the Chinese Imperial court swinging what appears to be a golf club at a small ball with the aim of sinking it into a hole.", "The game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages.", "Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France.", "The Persian game chowkan is another possible ancient origin, albeit being more polo-like.", "In addition, kolven (a game involving a ball and curved bats) was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V, a year earlier.", "The modern game originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is James II's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery.", "James IV lifted the ban in 1502 when he became a golfer himself, with golf clubs first recorded in 1503–1504: \"For golf clubbes and balles to the King that he playit with\".", "To many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews, a links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage.", "In 1764, the standard 18-hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes.", "Golf is documented as being played on Musselburgh Links, East Lothian, Scotland as early as 2 March 1672, which is certified as the oldest golf course in the world by \"Guinness World Records\".", "The oldest surviving rules of golf were compiled in March 1744 for the Company of Gentlemen Golfers, later renamed The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, which was played at Leith, Scotland.", "The world's oldest golf tournament in existence, and golf's first major, is The Open Championship, which was first played on 17 October 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club, in Ayrshire, Scotland, with Scottish golfers winning the earliest majors.", "Two Scotsmen from Dunfermline, John Reid and Robert Lockhart, first demonstrated golf in the U.S. by setting up a hole in an orchard in 1888, with Reid setting up America's first golf club the same year, Saint Andrew's Golf Club in Yonkers, New York.", "A golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a teeing ground or \"tee box\" that is set off by two markers showing the bounds of the legal tee area, fairway, rough and other hazards, and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the pin (normally a flagstick) and cup.", "The levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting in the case of the green.", "While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing area to the green, some holes may bend either to the left or to the right.", "This is commonly called a \"dogleg\", in reference to a dog's knee.", "The hole is called a \"dogleg left\" if the hole angles leftwards and \"dogleg right\" if it bends right.", "Sometimes, a hole's direction may bend twice; this is called a \"double dogleg\".", "A regular golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine-hole courses are common and can be played twice through for a full round of 18 holes.", "Early Scottish golf courses were primarily laid out on links land, soil-covered sand dunes directly inland from beaches.", "The word \"links\" derives from the Scots language and the Old English word \"hlinc\" (\"rising ground, ridge\"): traditionally these are coastal sand dunes but sometimes open parkland.", "This gave rise to the term \"golf links\", particularly applied to seaside courses and those built on naturally sandy soil inland.", "The first 18-hole golf course in the United States was on a sheep farm in Downers Grove, Illinois, in 1892.", "The course is still there today.", "Every round of golf is based on playing a number of holes in a given order.", "A \"round\" typically consists of 18 holes that are played in the order determined by the course layout.", "Each hole is played once in the round on a standard course of 18 holes.", "The game can be played by any number of people, although a typical group playing will have 1-4 people playing the round.", "The typical amount of time required for pace of play for a 9-hole round is two hours and four hours for an 18-hole round.", "Playing a hole on a golf course is initiated by putting a ball into play by striking it with a club on the teeing ground (also called the tee box, or simply the tee).", "For this first shot on each hole, it is allowed but not required for the golfer to place the ball on a tee prior to striking it.", "A tee is a small peg that can be used to elevate the ball slightly above the ground up to a few centimetres high.", "Tees are commonly made of wood but may be constructed of any material, including plastic.", "Traditionally, golfers used mounds of sand to elevate the ball, and containers of sand were provided for the purpose.", "A few courses still require sand to be used instead of peg tees, to reduce litter and reduce damage to the teeing ground.", "Tees help reduce the interference of the ground or grass on the movement of the club making the ball easier to hit, and also places the ball in the very centre of the striking face of the club (the \"sweet spot\") for better distance.", "When the initial shot on a hole is intended to move the ball a long distance, typically more than , the shot is commonly called a \"drive\" and is generally made with a long-shafted, large-headed wood club called a \"driver\".", "Shorter holes may be initiated with other clubs, such as higher-numbered woods or irons.", "Once the ball comes to rest, the golfer strikes it again as many times as necessary using shots that are variously known as a \"lay-up\", an \"approach\", a \"pitch\", or a \"chip\", until the ball reaches the green, where he or she then \"putts\" the ball into the hole (commonly called \"sinking the putt\" or \"holing out\").", "The goal of getting the ball into the hole (\"holing\" the ball) in as few strokes as possible may be impeded by obstacles such as areas of longer grass called \"rough\" (usually found alongside fairways), which both slows any ball that contacts it and makes it harder to advance a ball that has stopped on it; \"doglegs\", which are changes in the direction of the fairway that often require shorter shots to play around them; bunkers (or sand traps); and water hazards such as ponds or streams.", "In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules, each player plays their ball until it is holed no matter how many strokes that may take.", "In match play it is acceptable to simply pick up one's ball and \"surrender the hole\" after enough strokes have been made by a player that it is mathematically impossible for the player to win the hole.", "It is also acceptable in informal stroke play to surrender the hole after hitting three strokes more than the \"par\" rating of the hole (a \"triple bogey\" - see below); while technically a violation of Rule 3–2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids \"runaway scores\", excessive frustration and injuries caused by overexertion.", "The total distance from the first teeing ground to the 18th green can be quite long; total yardages \"through the green\" can be in excess of , and when adding in the travel distance between the green of one hole and the tee of the next, even skilled players may easily travel or more during a round.", "At some courses, electric golf carts are used to travel between shots, which can speed-up play and allows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round.", "On other courses players generally walk the course, either carrying their bag using a shoulder strap or using a \"golf trolley\" for their bag.", "These trolleys may or may not be battery assisted.", "At many amateur tournaments including U.S. high school and college play, players are required to walk and to carry their own bags, but at the professional and top amateur level, as well as at high-level private clubs, players may be accompanied by caddies, who carry and manage the players' equipment and who are allowed by the rules to give advice on the play of the course.", "A caddie's advice can only be given to the player or players for whom the caddie is working, and not to other competing players.", "The rules of golf are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by The R&A, spun off in 2004 from The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (founded 1754), and the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "With the aim of simplifying the rules, in 2017 the USGA and R&A undertook a complete rewrite.", "The new rule book came into effect in January 2019.", "The underlying principle of the rules is fairness.", "As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:\n\"Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair.", "\"\nThere are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers.", "Essentially, anybody who has ever received payment or compensation for giving instruction, or played golf for money, is not considered an amateur and may not participate in competitions limited solely to amateurs.", "However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status.", "In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette.", "Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course.", "Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience.", "Penalty strokes are incurred in certain situations and are counted towards a player's score as if there were extra swing(s) at the ball.", "Either one or two strokes are added for most rule infractions or for taking relief from various situations, with the \"general penalty\" defined as two-strokes, and disqualification for severe or repeated rule breaches.", "Examples include:", "Golf clubs are used to hit the golf ball.", "Each club is composed of a shaft with a lance (or \"grip\") on the top end and a club head on the bottom.", "Long clubs, which have a lower amount of degree loft, are those meant to propel the ball a comparatively longer distance, and short clubs a higher degree of loft and a comparatively shorter distance.", "The actual physical length of each club is longer or shorter, depending on the distance the club is intended to propel the ball.", "Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types.", "Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively \"open\" lies, such as the teeing ground and fairway.", "Of particular importance is the \"driver\" or \"1-wood\", which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to , or more, in a professional golfer's hands.", "Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials.", "Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with a metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face.", "Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy.", "Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps.", "The third class is the putter, which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole.", "Putters are virtually always used on the green or in the surrounding rough/fringe.", "A fourth class, called hybrids, evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but a higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature.", "A maximum of 14 clubs is allowed in a player's bag at one time during a stipulated round.", "The choice of clubs is at the golfer's discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules.", "(Clubs that meet these parameters are usually called \"conforming\".)", "Violation of these rules can result in disqualification.", "The exact shot hit at any given time on a golf course, and which club is used to accomplish the shot, are always completely at the discretion of the golfer; in other words, there is no restriction whatsoever on which club a golfer may or may not use at any time for any shot.", "Golf balls are spherical, usually white (although other colours are allowed), and minutely pock-marked by dimples that decrease aerodynamic drag by increasing air turbulence around the ball in motion, which delays \"boundary layer\" separation and reduces the drag-inducing \"wake\" behind the ball,\nthereby allowing the ball to fly farther.", "The combination of a soft \"boundary layer\" and a hard \"core\" enables both distance and spin.", "A tee is allowed only for the first stroke on each hole, unless the player must hit a provisional tee shot or replay their first shot from the tee.", "Many golfers wear golf shoes with metal or plastic spikes designed to increase traction, thus allowing for longer and more accurate shots.", "A golf bag is used to transport golf clubs and the player's other or personal equipment.", "Golf bags have several pockets designed for carrying equipment and supplies such as tees, balls, and gloves.", "Golf bags can be carried, pulled on a trolley or harnessed to a motorized golf cart during play.", "Golf bags usually have both a hand strap and shoulder strap for carrying, others may be carried over both shoulders like a backpack, and often bags have retractable legs that allow the bag to stand upright when at rest.", "The golf swing is outwardly similar to many other motions involving swinging a tool or playing implement, such as an axe or a baseball bat.", "However, unlike many of these motions, the result of the swing is highly dependent on several sub-motions being properly aligned and timed.", "These ensure that the club travels up to the ball in line with the desired path; that the clubface is in line with the swing path; and that the ball hits the centre or \"sweet spot\" of the clubface.", "The ability to do this consistently, across a complete set of clubs with a wide range of shaft lengths and clubface areas, is a key skill for any golfer, and takes a significant effort to achieve.", "Stance refers to how the golfer positions themselves in order to play a stroke; it is fundamentally important in being able to play a stroke effectively.", "The stance adopted is determined by what stroke is being played.", "All stances involve a slight crouch.", "This allows for a more efficient striking posture whilst also isometrically preloading the muscles of the legs and core; this allows the stroke to be played more dynamically and with a greater level of overall control.", "When adopting their stance golfers start with the non-dominant side of the body facing the target (for a right-hander, the target is to their left).", "Setting the stance in regard to the position of the ball, and placing the clubhead behind the ball, is known as being at address; when in this position the player's body and the centerline of the club face are positioned parallel to the desired line of travel, with the feet either perpendicular to that line or slightly splayed outward.", "The feet are commonly shoulder-width apart for middle irons and putters, narrower for short irons and wider for long irons and woods.", "The ball is typically positioned more to the \"front\" of the player's stance (closer to the leading foot) for lower-lofted clubs, with the usual ball position for a drive being just behind the arch of the leading foot.", "The ball is placed further \"back\" in the player's stance (toward the trailing foot) as the loft of the club to be used increases.", "Most iron shots and putts are made with the ball roughly centered in the stance, while a few mid- and short-iron shots are made with the ball slightly behind the centre of the stance to ensure consistent contact between the ball and clubface, so the ball is on its way before the club continues down into the turf.", "The golfer chooses a golf club, grip, and stroke appropriate to the distance:\n\n\nHaving chosen a club and stroke to produce the desired distance, the player addresses the ball by taking their stance to the side of it and (except when the ball lies in a hazard) grounding the club behind the ball.", "The golfer then takes their backswing, rotating the club, their arms and their upper body away from the ball, and then begins their swing, bringing the clubhead back down and around to hit the ball.", "A proper golf swing is a complex combination of motions, and slight variations in posture or positioning can make a great deal of difference in how well the ball is hit and how straight it travels.", "The general goal of a player making a full swing is to propel the clubhead as fast as possible while maintaining a single \"plane\" of motion of the club and clubhead, to send the clubhead into the ball along the desired path of travel and with the clubhead also pointing that direction.", "Accuracy and consistency are typically stressed over pure distance.", "A player with a straight drive that travels only will nevertheless be able to accurately place the ball into a favourable lie on the fairway, and can make up for the lesser distance of any given club by simply using \"more club\" (a lower loft) on their tee shot or on subsequent fairway and approach shots.", "However, a golfer with a drive that may go but often does not fly straight will be less able to position their ball advantageously; the ball may \"hook\", \"pull\", \"draw\", \"fade\", \"push\" or \"slice\" off the intended line and land out of bounds or in the rough or hazards, and thus the player will require many more strokes to hole out.", "A golf stroke uses the muscles of the core (especially erector spinae muscles and latissimus dorsi muscle when turning), hamstring, shoulder, and wrist.", "Stronger muscles in the wrist can prevent them from being twisted during swings, whilst stronger shoulders increase the turning force.", "Weak wrists can also transmit the force to elbows and even neck and lead to injury.", "(When a muscle contracts, it pulls equally from both ends and, to have movement at only one end of the muscle, other muscles must come into play to stabilize the bone to which the other end of the muscle is attached.)", "Golf is a unilateral exercise that can break body balances, requiring exercises to keep the balance in muscles.", "Putting is considered to be the most important component of the game of golf.", "As the game of golf has evolved, there have been many different putting techniques and grips that have been devised to give golfers the best chance to make putts.", "When the game originated, golfers would putt with their dominant hand on the bottom of the grip and their weak hand on top of the grip.", "This grip and putting style is known as \"conventional\".", "There are many variations of conventional including overlap, where the golfer overlaps the off hand index finger onto off the dominant pinky; interlock, where the offhand index finger interlocks with the dominant pinky and ring finger; double or triple overlap and so on.", "Recently, \"cross handed\" putting has become a popular trend amongst professional golfers and amateurs.", "Cross handed putting is the idea that the dominant hand is on top of the grip where the weak hand is on the bottom.", "This grip restricts the motion in your dominant hand and eliminates the possibility of wrist breakdowns through the putting stroke.", "Other notable putting styles include \"the claw\", a style that has the grip directly in between the thumb and index finger of the dominant hand while the palm faces the target.", "The weak hand placed normally on the putter.", "Anchored putting, a style that requires a longer putter shaft that can be anchored into the player's stomach or below the chin; the idea is to stabilize one end of the putter thus creating a more consistent pendulum stroke.", "This style has been banned on professional circuits since 2016.", "A hole is classified by its par, which gives an indication of the number of strokes a skilled golfer may be expected to need to complete play of the hole.", "The primary factor for classifying the par of a relatively straight, hazard-free hole is the distance from the tee to the green, and calculates the number of strokes a skilled golfer is expected to require to reach the green with an additional allowance of 2 putts.", "As such, the minimum par of any hole is 3; one stroke for the tee shot and two putts.", "Par 3, 4 and 5 holes are commonplace on golf courses; far more rarely, courses may feature par-6 and even par-7 holes.", "For men, a typical par-3 hole is less than in length, with a par-4 hole ranging between , and a par-5 hole being longer than ; for women these boundaries are lower, and for professionals they are much increased.", "The rare par-6s can stretch well over .", "These distances are based on the typical scratch golfer's drive distance of between .", "Although length is the primary factor in calculating par, other factors are taken into account; however the number of strokes a scratch golfer should take to make the green remains foremost.", "Factors affecting the calculation include altitude, gradient of the land from the tee to green, and forced \"lay-ups\" due to dog-legs (sharp bends) or obstacles (e.g. bunkers, water hazards).", "Getting the ball onto the green in two strokes less than par, and hence meeting the par calculation criteria, is called making \"green in regulation\" or GIR.", "Missing a GIR does not necessarily mean a golfer will not make par, but it does make doing so more difficult as it reduces the number of putts available; conversely, making a GIR does not guarantee a par, as the player might require three or more putts to \"hole out\".", "Professional golfers typically make between 60% and 70% of greens in regulation.", "Eighteen-hole courses typically total to an overall par score of 70 to 72 for a complete round; with most holes having a par of 4, and a smaller number of par-3 and par-5 holes.", "Additionally, courses may be classified according to their play difficulty, which may be used to calculate a golfer's handicap.", "The two primary difficulty ratings in the U.S. are the Course Rating, which is the expected score for a zero-handicap \"scratch golfer\", and the Slope Rating, which is a measure of how much worse a \"bogey golfer\" (handicap around 20) would be expected to play than a \"scratch golfer\" relative to their handicap.", "The goal is to play as few strokes per round as possible.", "A golfer's number of strokes in a hole, course, or tournament is compared to its respective par score, and is then reported either as the number that the golfer was \"under-\" or \"over-par\", or if it was \"equal to par\".", "A hole in one (or an \"ace\") occurs when a golfer sinks their ball into the cup with their first stroke from the tee.", "Common scores for a hole also have specific terms.", "In a typical professional tournament or among \"scratch\" amateur players, \"birdie-bogey\" play is common; a player will \"lose\" a stroke by bogeying a hole, then \"gain\" one by scoring a birdie.", "Eagles are uncommon but not rare; however, only 18 players have scored an albatross in a men's major championship.", "One of the rarest feats in golf is the condor, which has never occurred in a professional tournament.", "Only five condors have been verified to have ever occurred, although none of the courses involved were professionally accredited.", "There are two basic forms of golf play, match play and stroke play.", "Stroke play is more popular.", "Two players (or two teams) play each hole as a separate contest against each other in what is called match play.", "The party with the lower score wins that hole, or if the scores of both players or teams are equal the hole is \"halved\" (or tied).", "The game is won by the party that wins more holes than the other.", "In the case that one team or player has taken a lead that cannot be overcome in the number of holes remaining to be played, the match is deemed to be won by the party in the lead, and the remainder of the holes are not played.", "For example, if one party already has a lead of six holes, and only five holes remain to be played on the course, the match is over and the winning party is deemed to have won \"6 & 5\".", "At any given point, if the lead is equal to the number of holes remaining, the party leading the match is said to be \"dormie\", and the match is continued until the party increases the lead by one hole or ties any of the remaining holes, thereby winning the match, or until the match ends in a tie with the lead player's opponent winning all remaining holes.", "When the game is tied after the predetermined number of holes have been played, it may be continued until one side takes a one-hole lead.", "The score achieved for each and every hole of the round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins in stroke play.", "Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers.", "If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players.", "Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to a full 18.", "In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of their opponents wins the match.", "If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament.", "There are many variations in scoring and playing formats in the game of golf, some officially defined in the Rules of Golf.", "Variations include the popular Stableford scoring system, and various team formats.", "Some common and popular examples are listed below.", "There are also variations on the usual starting procedure where everyone begins from the first tee and plays all holes in order, through to the eighteenth.", "In large field tournaments, especially on professional tours, a two tee start is commonplace, where the field will be split between starting on the first tee and the tenth tee (sometimes the eighth or eleventh depending on proximity to the clubhouse).", "Shotgun starts are mainly used for amateur tournament or society play.", "In this variant, each of the groups playing starts their game on a different hole, allowing for all players to start and end their round at roughly the same time.", "For example, a group starting on hole 5 will play through to the 18th hole and continue with hole 1, ending their round on hole 4.", "A bogey or par competition is a scoring format sometimes seen in informal tournaments.", "Its scoring is similar to match play, except each player compares their hole score to the hole's par rating instead of the score of another player.", "The player \"wins\" the hole if they score a birdie or better, they \"lose\" the hole if they score a bogey or worse, and they \"halve\" the hole by scoring par.", "By recording only this simple win–loss–halve score on the sheet, a player can shrug off a very poorly-played hole with a simple \"-\" mark and move on.", "As used in competitions, the player or pair with the best win–loss differential wins the competition.", "The Stableford system is a simplification of stroke play that awards players points based on their score relative to the hole's par; the score for a hole is calculated by taking the par score, adding 2, then subtracting the player's hole score, making the result zero if negative.", "Alternately stated, a double bogey or worse is zero points, a bogey is worth one point, par is two, a birdie three, an eagle four, and so on.", "The advantages of this system over stroke play are a more natural \"higher is better\" scoring, the ability to compare Stableford scores between plays on courses with different total par scores (scoring an \"even\" in stroke play will always give a Stableford score of 36), discouraging the tendency to abandon the entire game after playing a particularly bad hole (a novice playing by strict rules may score as high as an 8 or 10 on a single difficult hole; their Stableford score for the hole would be zero, which puts them only two points behind par no matter how badly they played), and the ability to simply pick up one's ball once it is impossible to score any points for the hole, which speeds play.", "The USGA and R&A sanction a \"Modified Stableford\" system for scratch players, which makes par worth zero, a birdie worth 2, eagle 5 and double-eagle 8, while a bogey is a penalty of −1 and a double-bogey or worse −3.", "As with the original system, the highest score wins the game, and terrible scores on one or two holes will not ruin a player's overall score, but this system rewards \"bogey-birdie\" play more than the original, encouraging golfers to try to make riskier birdie putt or eagle chipshots instead of simply parring each hole.", "A handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's potential scoring ability over 18 holes.", "It is used to enable players of widely varying abilities to compete against one another.", "Better players are those with the lowest handicaps, and someone with a handicap of 0 or less is often referred to as a \"scratch golfer\".", "Handicap systems vary throughout the world and use different methods to assess courses and calculate handicaps.", "In order to address difficulties in translating between these systems the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new \"World Handicap System\" which is set to be introduced globally starting in 2020.", "Golf courses are assessed and rated according to the average good score of a scratch golfer, taking into account a multitude of factors affecting play, such as length, obstacles, undulations, etc.", "A player's handicap gives an indication of the number of strokes above this course rating that the player will make over the course of an \"average best\" round of golf, i.e. scoring near their potential, above average.", "Lower handicap players are generally the most consistent, so can be expected to play to this standard or better more often than higher handicappers.", "Some handicap systems also account for differences in scoring difficulty between low and high handicap golfer.", "They do this by means of assessing and rating courses according to the average good score of a \"bogey golfer\", a player with a handicap of around 20.", "This is used with the course rating to calculate a slope rating, which is used to adjust golfer's handicap to produce a \"playing handicap\" for the course and set of tees being used.", "Handicap systems have potential for abuse by players who may intentionally play badly to increase their handicap (sandbagging) before playing to their potential at an important event with a valuable prize.", "For this reason, handicaps are not used in professional golf, but they can still be calculated and used along with other criteria to determine the relative strengths of various professional players.", "Touring professionals, being the best of the best, have negative handicaps; they can be expected, more often than not, to score lower than the Course Rating on any course.", "In 2005 \"Golf Digest\" calculated that the countries with most golf courses per capita, in order, were: Scotland, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, Canada, Wales, United States, Sweden, and England (countries with fewer than 500,000 people were excluded).", "The number of courses in other territories has increased, an example of this being the expansion of golf in China.", "The first golf course in China opened in 1984, but by the end of 2009, there were roughly 600 in the country.", "For much of the 21st century, the development of new golf courses in China has been officially banned (with the exception of the island province of Hainan), but the number of courses had nonetheless tripled from 2004 to 2009; the \"ban\" has been evaded with the government's tacit approval simply by not mentioning golf in any development plans.", "In the United States, women made up 25 percent of golfers in 2021, which was up from 19 percent since 2011 and junior female golfers account for 35 percent or 1.1 million golfers.", "In the United States, the number of people who play golf twenty-five times or more per year decreased from 6.9 million in 2000 to 4.6 million in 2005, according to the National Golf Foundation.", "The NGF reported that the number who played golf at all decreased from 30 to 26 million over the same period.", "In February 1971, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first person to golf anywhere other than Earth.", "He smuggled a golf club and two golf balls on board Apollo 14 with the intent to golf on the Moon.", "He attempted two drives.", "He shanked the first attempt, but it is estimated his second went more than .", "Below are the top 20 countries that have the most golf courses as of 2019.", "The majority of professional golfers work as club or teaching professionals (\"pros\"), and only compete in local competitions.", "A small elite of professional golfers are \"tournament pros\" who compete full-time on international \"tours\".", "Many club and teaching professionals working in the golf industry start as caddies or with a general interest in the game, finding employment at golf courses and eventually moving on to certifications in their chosen profession.", "These programs include independent institutions and universities, and those that eventually lead to a Class A golf professional certification.", "Touring professionals typically start as amateur players, who attain their \"pro\" status after success in major tournaments that win them either prize money and/or notice from corporate sponsors.", "Jack Nicklaus, for example, gained widespread notice by finishing second in the 1960 U.S. Open to champion Arnold Palmer, with a 72-hole score of 282 (the best score to date in that tournament by an amateur).", "He played one more amateur year in 1961, winning that year's U.S. Amateur Championship, before turning pro in 1962.", "Golf instruction involves the teaching and learning of the game of golf.", "Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game.", "In some countries, golf instruction is best performed by teachers certified by the Professional Golfers Association.", "Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right.", "Professional golf instructors can use physical conditioning, mental visualization, classroom sessions, club fitting, driving range instruction, on-course play under real conditions, and review of videotaped swings in slow motion to teach golf to prepare the golfer for the course.", "There are at least twenty professional golf tours, each run by a PGA or an independent tour organization, which is responsible for arranging events, finding sponsors, and regulating the tour.", "Typically a tour has \"members\" who are entitled to compete in most of its events, and also invites non-members to compete in some of them.", "Gaining membership of an elite tour is highly competitive, and most professional golfers never achieve it.", "Perhaps the most widely known tour is the PGA Tour, which tends to attract the strongest fields, outside the four Majors and the four World Golf Championships events.", "This is due mostly to the fact that most PGA Tour events have a first prize of at least 800,000 USD.", "The European Tour, which attracts a substantial number of top golfers from outside North America, ranks second to the PGA Tour in worldwide prestige.", "Some top professionals from outside North America play enough tournaments to maintain membership on both the PGA Tour and European Tour.", "Since 2010, both tours' money titles have been claimed by the same individual three times, with Luke Donald doing so in 2011 and Rory McIlroy in 2012 and 2014.", "In 2013, Henrik Stenson won the FedEx Cup points race on the PGA Tour and the European Tour money title, but did not top the PGA Tour money list (that honour going to Tiger Woods).", "The other leading men's tours include the Japan Golf Tour, the Asian Tour (Asia outside Japan), the PGA Tour of Australasia, and the Sunshine Tour (for southern Africa, primarily South Africa).", "The Japan, Australasian, Sunshine, PGA, and European Tours are the charter members of the trade body of the world's main tours, the International Federation of PGA Tours, founded in 1996.", "The Asian Tour became a full member in 1999.", "The Canadian Tour became an associate member of the Federation in 2000, and the Tour de las Américas (Latin America) became an associate member of the Federation in 2007.", "The Federation underwent a major expansion in 2009 that saw eleven new tours become full members – the Canadian Tour, Tour de las Américas, China Golf Association, the Korea Professional Golfers' Association, Professional Golf Tour of India, and the operators of all six major women's tours worldwide.", "The OneAsia Tour, founded in 2009, is not a member of the Federation, but was founded as a joint venture of the Australasia, China, Japan, and Korean tours.", "In 2011, the Tour de las Américas was effectively taken over by the PGA Tour, and in 2012 was folded into the new PGA Tour Latinoamérica.", "Also in 2012, the Canadian Tour was renamed PGA Tour Canada after it agreed to be taken over by the PGA Tour.", "All men's tours that are Federation members, except the India tour, offer points in the Official World Golf Ranking (OWGR) to players who place sufficiently high in their events.", "The OneAsia Tour also offers ranking points.", "Golf is unique in having lucrative competition for older players.", "There are several senior tours for men aged fifty and over, arguably the best known of which is the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions.", "There are six principal tours for women, each based in a different country or continent.", "The most prestigious of these is the United States-based LPGA Tour.", "All of the principal tours offer points in the Women's World Golf Rankings for high finishers in their events.", "All of the leading professional tours for under-50 players have an official developmental tour, in which the leading players at the end of the season will earn a tour card on the main tour for the following season.", "Examples include the Korn Ferry Tour, which feeds to the PGA Tour, and the Challenge Tour, which is the developmental tour of the European Tour.", "The Korn Ferry and Challenge Tours also offer OWGR points.", "The major championships are the four most prestigious men's tournaments of the year.", "In chronological order they are: The Masters, the U.S. Open, The Open Championship (referred to in North America as the British Open) and the PGA Championship.", "The fields for these events include the top several dozen golfers from all over the world.", "The Masters has been played at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, since its inception in 1934.", "It is the only major championship that is played at the same course each year.", "The U.S. Open and PGA Championship are played at courses around the United States, while the Open Championship is played at courses around the United Kingdom.", "Prior to the advent of the PGA Championship and The Masters, the four Majors were the U.S. Open, the U.S. Amateur, the Open Championship, and the British Amateur.", "Women's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of majors recognised by the dominant women's tour, the LPGA Tour in the U.S., has changed several times over the years, with the most recent changes occurring in 2001 and 2013.", "Like the PGA Tour, the (U.S.) LPGA tour long had four majors, but now has five: the Chevron Championship (previously known by several other names, most recently the ANA Inspiration), the Women's PGA Championship (previously known as the LPGA Championship), the U.S. Women's Open, the Women's British Open (which replaced the du Maurier Classic as a major in 2001) and The Evian Championship (added as the fifth major in 2013).", "Only the last two are also recognised as majors by the Ladies European Tour.", "However, the significance of this is limited, as the LPGA is far more dominant in women's golf than the PGA Tour is in mainstream men's golf.", "For example, the BBC has been known to use the U.S. definition of \"women's majors\" without qualifying it.", "Also, the Ladies' Golf Union, the governing body for women's golf in Great Britain and Ireland, stated on its official website that the Women's British Open was \"the only Women's Major to be played outside the U.S.\" (this was before the elevation of The Evian Championship to major status).", "For many years, the Ladies European Tour tacitly acknowledged the dominance of the LPGA Tour by not scheduling any of its own events to conflict with the three LPGA majors played in the U.S., but that changed beginning in 2008, when the LET scheduled an event opposite the LPGA Championship.", "The second-richest women's tour, the LPGA of Japan Tour, does not recognise any of the U.S. LPGA or European majors as it has its own set of majors (historically three, since 2008 four).", "However, these events attract little notice outside Japan.", "Senior (aged fifty and over) men's golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.", "The list of senior majors on the U.S.-based PGA Tour Champions has changed over the years, but always by expansion.", "PGA Tour Champions now recognises five majors: the Senior PGA Championship, The Tradition, the Senior Players Championship, the United States Senior Open, and The Senior (British) Open Championship.", "Of the five events, the Senior PGA is by far the oldest, having been founded in 1937.", "The other events all date from the 1980s, when senior golf became a commercial success as the first golf stars of the television era, such as Arnold Palmer and Gary Player, reached the relevant age.", "The Senior Open Championship was not recognised as a major by PGA Tour Champions until 2003.", "The European Senior Tour recognises only the Senior PGA and the two Senior Opens as majors.", "However, PGA Tour Champions is arguably more dominant in global senior golf than the U.S. LPGA is in global women's golf.", "Golf was featured in the Summer Olympic Games official programme in 1900 and 1904.", "After a 112-year absence, golf returned for the 2016 Rio Games.", "It was not until 1552 that the first woman golfer played the game.", "Mary Queen of Scots commissioned St. Andrew's Links.", "However, it was not until the 20th century that women were taken seriously and eventually broke the \"Gentlemen Only, Ladies Forbidden\" rule.", "Many men saw women as unfit to play the sport due to their supposed lack of strength and ability.", "In 1891 the newly built Shinnecock Hills nine-hole course in Southampton, New York became the first club to offer membership to women golfers.", "Four years later, in 1895, The U.S. Golf Association held the first Women's Amateur Championship tournament.", "Just like professional golfer Bobby Jones, Joyce Wethered was considered to be a star in the 1920s.", "Jones praised Wethered in 1930 after they had played an exhibition against each other.", "He doubted that there had ever been a better golfer, man or woman.", "However, Bobby Jones' comment was not enough for others to change their views on women golfers.", "The Royal Liverpool's club refused entry of Sir Henry Cotton's wife into the clubhouse in the late 1940s.", "The secretary of the club released a statement saying, \"No woman ever has entered the clubhouse and, praise God, no woman ever will.\"", "However, American golfer and all-around athlete Babe Zaharias did not have to enter the clubhouse.", "She was able to prove herself on the course, going on to become the first American to win the British Women's Amateur title in 1947.", "The following year she became the first woman to attempt to qualify for the U.S. Open, but her application was rejected by the USGA.", "They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only.", "The Ladies Professional Golf Association was formed in 1950 as a way to popularize the sport and provide competitive opportunities for golfers.", "The competitions were not the same for the men and women.", "It was not until 1972 that U.S. Congress passed the Title IX of the Education Amendments.", "\"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any education program or activities receiving Federal financial assistance.\"", "American Renee Powell moved to the UK in the 1970s to further her career, and became the first woman to play in a British men's tournament in 1977.", "As of 2016, women golfers were still fighting to have the same opportunities as male golfers.", "There is still a significant pay gap in the USGA.", "The USGA has a long history of writing bigger checks to winners of the men's U.S. Open than the U.S. Women's Open." ]

[ 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260 ]

[ "This is one of the four major championships in men's professional golf, the other three being played in the United States: The Masters, the U.S. Open, and the PGA Championship." ]

[ "Born and brought up in Lucknow, Baba Sehgal graduated with a B.Tech from G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Nainital.", "His entertainment career began in the 1990s, when he emerged as part of the Indipop scene, and released an album which got frequent airplay on MTV India.", "Since then he has been a popular figure on the rap scene, with hits such as 'Thanda Thanda Paani' (which sampled Vanilla Ice's \"Ice Ice Baby\", which in turn sampled Queen's \"Under Pressure\") 'Manjula' and 'Dil Dhadke'.", "Sehgal's first album was \"Dilruba\" (1990), followed by \"Alibaba\" (1991).", "Then came his biggest hit album \"Thanda Thanda Pani\" (1992), which sold 5million cassettes, making it the first successful Indian rap album.", "His next albums were \"Main Bhi Madonna\" (1993), \"Baba Bachao na\" (1993), \"Dr.Dhingra\" (1994), \"Miss 420\" (1994) movie soundtrack, \"Double Gadbad\" (1994) movie soundtrack, \"Indian Romyo\" (1995), \"Tora Tora\" (1995), \"Loomba Loomba\" (1996), \"na aariya hai na jaroya hai\" (1997), \"America mein indian dhaba\" (1997), \"d.j. mix blue\" (1997), \"dhak dhak dil in culcutta\" (1997), \"A Reason to Smile\" (1997), \"meri jaan hindustan\" (1998), \"jugni mast kalandar\" (1998), \"abb mein vengaboy\" (1999), \"pinga pinga\" (2001), \"Pump up your Style\" (2003), \"Welcome to Mumbai\" (2005), \"Babe di gaddi\" (2009), \"Woh beete din\" and \"The Magic of Dandiya\", among others.", "He writes the majority of the music for his albums himself.", "He was the music director of the movie \"Dance Party\" (1995), featuring the popular song \"kapurthala se aaya hoon, tere liye laaya hoon, Orange kurta peela pajama..\".", "He was the first Indian artist to have a music video broadcast on MTV Asia, which was broadcasting out of Hong Kong at the time.", "He was also the presenter of the TV show \"Superhit Muqabla\" which was aired on DD2 at primetime.", "He has also worked as a stage performer.", "He was in New York from 2001 to 2005.", "When he came home to Mumbai, he released his album \"Welcome to Mumbai\", which was his 22nd album.", "He also directed the music for the Bollywood film \"Bhoot Unkle\" (2006) and \"Nalaik\" (2005).", "He also anchored the TV show 'Santa and Banta news unlimited' on Zoom.", "His Song Trump Ka Mania supporting the then Republican nominee Donald Trump was a hit.", "Now, he makes and releases his singles on his YouTube channel \"Baba Sehgal Entertainment\".", "Some of them are \"Aloo ka Parantha, Going to the Gym, Swacchh Bharat\".", "His song \"Mumbai City\" is a dark hip hop rap song on Mumbai.", "In 1998, Sehgal made his acting debut in the Bollywood film \"Miss 420\" alongside Sheeba Akashdeep .", "He also sang four songs for the film's soundtrack which was released in 1994, four years before the film's theatrical release.", "In 1999, he played dual roles in the television film \"Double Gadbad\".", "He also composed and sang all the songs for the film's soundtrack..", "In 2009, he had a part in the SAB TV comedy series \"Jugni Chali Jalandhar\".", "In 2011, he appeared in the drama serial \"Rang Badalti Odhani\" on Star One.", "Sehgal also made his Telugu film debut in \"Rudhramadevi\", with Anushka Shetty in the lead.", "It was directed by National award winner Gunasekhar.", "Baba Sehgal was signed to play a major negative role in another Telugu film titled \"Overdose\".", "In 2016, he played a cameo as himself in \"Bank Chor\".", "In the same year, he made his debut in Tamil cinema playing the role of a corrupt cop in \"Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada\".", "He was a contestant on the first season of \"Bigg Boss 1\" in 2006." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 ]

[ "Harjeet Singh \"Baba\" Sehgal, is an Indian rapper.", "He was a contestant in the reality show \"Bigg Boss\" in 2006." ]

[ "Born and brought up in Lucknow, Baba Sehgal graduated with a B.Tech from G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Nainital.", "His entertainment career began in the 1990s, when he emerged as part of the Indipop scene, and released an album which got frequent airplay on MTV India.", "Since then he has been a popular figure on the rap scene, with hits such as 'Thanda Thanda Paani' (which sampled Vanilla Ice's \"Ice Ice Baby\", which in turn sampled Queen's \"Under Pressure\") 'Manjula' and 'Dil Dhadke'.", "Sehgal's first album was \"Dilruba\" (1990), followed by \"Alibaba\" (1991).", "Then came his biggest hit album \"Thanda Thanda Pani\" (1992), which sold 5million cassettes, making it the first successful Indian rap album.", "His next albums were \"Main Bhi Madonna\" (1993), \"Baba Bachao na\" (1993), \"Dr.Dhingra\" (1994), \"Miss 420\" (1994) movie soundtrack, \"Double Gadbad\" (1994) movie soundtrack, \"Indian Romyo\" (1995), \"Tora Tora\" (1995), \"Loomba Loomba\" (1996), \"na aariya hai na jaroya hai\" (1997), \"America mein indian dhaba\" (1997), \"d.j. mix blue\" (1997), \"dhak dhak dil in culcutta\" (1997), \"A Reason to Smile\" (1997), \"meri jaan hindustan\" (1998), \"jugni mast kalandar\" (1998), \"abb mein vengaboy\" (1999), \"pinga pinga\" (2001), \"Pump up your Style\" (2003), \"Welcome to Mumbai\" (2005), \"Babe di gaddi\" (2009), \"Woh beete din\" and \"The Magic of Dandiya\", among others.", "He writes the majority of the music for his albums himself.", "He was the music director of the movie \"Dance Party\" (1995), featuring the popular song \"kapurthala se aaya hoon, tere liye laaya hoon, Orange kurta peela pajama..\".", "He was the first Indian artist to have a music video broadcast on MTV Asia, which was broadcasting out of Hong Kong at the time.", "He was also the presenter of the TV show \"Superhit Muqabla\" which was aired on DD2 at primetime.", "He has also worked as a stage performer.", "He was in New York from 2001 to 2005.", "When he came home to Mumbai, he released his album \"Welcome to Mumbai\", which was his 22nd album.", "He also directed the music for the Bollywood film \"Bhoot Unkle\" (2006) and \"Nalaik\" (2005).", "He also anchored the TV show 'Santa and Banta news unlimited' on Zoom.", "His Song Trump Ka Mania supporting the then Republican nominee Donald Trump was a hit.", "Now, he makes and releases his singles on his YouTube channel \"Baba Sehgal Entertainment\".", "Some of them are \"Aloo ka Parantha, Going to the Gym, Swacchh Bharat\".", "His song \"Mumbai City\" is a dark hip hop rap song on Mumbai.", "In 1998, Sehgal made his acting debut in the Bollywood film \"Miss 420\" alongside Sheeba Akashdeep .", "He also sang four songs for the film's soundtrack which was released in 1994, four years before the film's theatrical release.", "In 1999, he played dual roles in the television film \"Double Gadbad\".", "He also composed and sang all the songs for the film's soundtrack..", "In 2009, he had a part in the SAB TV comedy series \"Jugni Chali Jalandhar\".", "In 2011, he appeared in the drama serial \"Rang Badalti Odhani\" on Star One.", "Sehgal also made his Telugu film debut in \"Rudhramadevi\", with Anushka Shetty in the lead.", "It was directed by National award winner Gunasekhar.", "Baba Sehgal was signed to play a major negative role in another Telugu film titled \"Overdose\".", "In 2016, he played a cameo as himself in \"Bank Chor\".", "In the same year, he made his debut in Tamil cinema playing the role of a corrupt cop in \"Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada\".", "He was a contestant on the first season of \"Bigg Boss 1\" in 2006." ]

[ 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 ]

[ "He was a contestant in the reality show \"Bigg Boss\" in 2006." ]

[ "Israel Rojas Fiel, a lawyer, and Yoel Martínez Rodríguez, a music student, formed the duo.", "In November 1999, they made their debut with the song \"Intimidad\".", "As a result, the Association \"Hermanos Saíz\" in Guantánamo invited the duo to join them.", "In 2001 they moved to Havana to record their first album, \"Déjame entrar\" (\"\").", "This way they also left behind the poberty lived by most cubans living in provinces other than Habana.", "Once un Habana, they joined the agency Musicuba, of the label EGREM.", "Since then they adopted the band format.", "On Saturday 5/13/2017 the group announced the death of its guitarist Dairon Rodríguez Lobaina, who died at the age of 32 due to a heart attack.", "The music of Buena Fe has a unique sound and excellent compositions.", "The trova influences are present in all their lyrics, which contain thoughts about the contemporary life, with contemporary sonority, allowing arrangements that makes each song fit in many Cuban genres, with influences from pop and rock.", "Although the experts include them in the pop genre, according to Israel they make fusion music based in the trova style; and, while having pop tendencies, they use other styles and influences as well, which allows them to present more elaborate ideas.", "Also according to Israel, although they don't claim to be a pop band, they are not concerned with being classified as such, but however he thinks that they do more than pop music.", "According to Yoel, they make a fusion using pop music and trova, besides playing with other styles to keep the texts flowing.", "Also according to Yoel, some say that Buena Fe makes trova if playing with the guitar alone; and makes Cuban pop rock if playing with the band; and this might be true, except for the fact that they also experiment a lot.", "They try to avoid categories; trying to make prevail the poetry and the venturous verse; trying to wrap it with pop rock sonorities, but with a direct link to what used to be the intelligent songs that was made from the 60s to the 80s in Cuba.", "\"Déjame entrar\" (\"\") is the first studio album released by Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2001.", "The album is an invitation to think about the problems of the contemporary people.", "Its style ranges from son and guaracha to reggae, pop rock, and trova, including the fusion of flamenco.", "It was nominated to the award Cubadisco 2002 in the categories Design and Pop.", "It was awarded the Cubadisco 2002 in the category of <Ópera prima>.", "Track list:\n# \"Déjame entrar\" (3:25)\n# \"Sicología al día\" (3:22)\n# \"Como un espejismo\" (2:58)\n# \"La zanja\" (4:24)\n# \"La ventana\" (2:41)\n# \"Guantanamero\" (4:01)\n# \"Como el neanderthal\" (2:52)\n# \"No juegues con mi soledad\" (3:16)\n# \"Puede que sí, puede que no\" (3:13)\n# \"El destino de la abeja\" (3:17)\n# \"Para no ver eso\" (3:30)\n# \"Fuego y balacera\" (2:50)", "\"Arsenal\" (\"\") is the second studio album released by Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2003.", "The album was nominated to the Cubadisco 2003 awards, in the categories of Recording, Production, and Design.", "It was awarded the Cubadisco 2003 in the category of Pop, as well as the award EGREM 2004 in the same category.", "Track list:\n# \"Arsenal\" (4:29)\n# \"To be or no te vi\" (4:33)\n# \"Tras tus pies\" (4:59)\n# \"Buen viaje\" (4:39)\n# \"Intimidad\" (4:00)\n# \"Nunca digas nunca\" (4:15)\n# \"Cuando te amo\" (4:12)\n# \"Soñar en azul\" (3:35)\n# \"Noviembre\" (3:46)\n# \"Parque de provincia\" (4:17)\n# \"Propuesta\" (3:36)\n# \"Fin de fiesta\" (4:25)", "\"Corazonero\" (\"\") is the third studio album released by Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2004.", "Track list:\n# \"Llegaré, llegaré\" (3:16)\n# \"El duende del bache\" (3:53)\n# \"Fiarme de ti\" (4:44)\n# \"Soy\" (5:11)\n# \"Nacimos ángeles\" (3:16)\n# \"Por si las moscas\" (4:32)\n# \"Navegando a la deriva\" (4:39)\n# \"Corazonero\" (3:09)\n# \"Puesta de sol\" (5:14)\n# \"Cuando tú me faltas\" (3:36)\n# \"Sé de un ser\" (3:20)\n# \"Dios salve al rey\" (5:04)\n# \"Corazonero (rap)\" (3:05)\nThis album was nominated for the Cubadisco 2005 award in the category Pop/Fusion.", "It won the award EGREM 2005 in the category Pop rock and the award Cubadisco 2005 in the category Graphic design.", "\"Presagios\" (\"\") is the fourth studio album released by Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2006.", "This album won the award Cubadisco in 2007, in the Pop Rock category.", "Track list:\n# \"Quien es\" (5:15)\n# \"Contragolpe\" (4:27)\n# \"Das más\" (3:15)\n# \"Nalgas\" (4:40)\n# \"Con hijo incluido\" (4:37)\n# \"Sola va ya\" (4:15)\n# \"El eco de las plazas\" (3:57)\n# \"Sigo cayendo\" (4:06)\n# \"Premoniciones\" (4:21)\n# \"Si la vida pide vía\" (4:00)\n# \"Vamos corazón\" (3:40)\n# \"Gracias por el fuego\" (4:38)", "\"Catalejo\" (\"\") is the fifth studio album of Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2008.", "The album contains social thinkings about the Cuban way of life and the world's; being also present the topic of love, in ballads such as \"Lástima\".", "Track list:\n# \"Los barcos en el puerto\"\n# \"Cada país\"\n# \"La primera vez\"\n# \"En cueros\"\n# \"Lástima\"\n# \"Fuera\"\n# \"Catalejo\"\n# \"Los fantasmas\"\n# \"Verso A. Machado\"\n# \"A la muerte\"\n# \"Era mi aire\"\n# \"Viernes, Sábado y Domingo\"\n# \"Soy lo que ves\"", "\"Pi 3,14\" (\"\") is the sixth studio album of Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2010.", "Continue their line of work where Israel Rojas, the author of all the issues, go to an acute reflection on the national and international society and its components, and to make an aside to question also specific ways philosophical concepts of human behavior.", "Track list: \n# \"Lo que fue\"\n# \"Dos Emigrantes\"\n# \"Pi\" (3,14)\n# \"Libre\"\n# \"Mamífero Nacional\" (feat.", "Elíades Ochoa)\n# \"La sospecha\"\n# \"Contracorriente\"\n# \"Despedida\" (feat.", "Pablo Milanés)\n# \"Lotería nono\"\n# \"Mar Adentro\"\n# \"Miedos\" (feat.", "Aldeanos)\n# \"Todo el mundo cuenta\"", "Carnal (2019)" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]

[ "Buena Fe is a Cuban pop music band, formed in 1999 in the province of Guantánamo, initially composed only of Israel Rojas Fiel and Yoel Martínez Rodríguez." ]

[ "Israel Rojas Fiel, a lawyer, and Yoel Martínez Rodríguez, a music student, formed the duo.", "In November 1999, they made their debut with the song \"Intimidad\".", "As a result, the Association \"Hermanos Saíz\" in Guantánamo invited the duo to join them.", "In 2001 they moved to Havana to record their first album, \"Déjame entrar\" (\"\").", "This way they also left behind the poberty lived by most cubans living in provinces other than Habana.", "Once un Habana, they joined the agency Musicuba, of the label EGREM.", "Since then they adopted the band format.", "On Saturday 5/13/2017 the group announced the death of its guitarist Dairon Rodríguez Lobaina, who died at the age of 32 due to a heart attack.", "The music of Buena Fe has a unique sound and excellent compositions.", "The trova influences are present in all their lyrics, which contain thoughts about the contemporary life, with contemporary sonority, allowing arrangements that makes each song fit in many Cuban genres, with influences from pop and rock.", "Although the experts include them in the pop genre, according to Israel they make fusion music based in the trova style; and, while having pop tendencies, they use other styles and influences as well, which allows them to present more elaborate ideas.", "Also according to Israel, although they don't claim to be a pop band, they are not concerned with being classified as such, but however he thinks that they do more than pop music.", "According to Yoel, they make a fusion using pop music and trova, besides playing with other styles to keep the texts flowing.", "Also according to Yoel, some say that Buena Fe makes trova if playing with the guitar alone; and makes Cuban pop rock if playing with the band; and this might be true, except for the fact that they also experiment a lot.", "They try to avoid categories; trying to make prevail the poetry and the venturous verse; trying to wrap it with pop rock sonorities, but with a direct link to what used to be the intelligent songs that was made from the 60s to the 80s in Cuba.", "\"Déjame entrar\" (\"\") is the first studio album released by Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2001.", "The album is an invitation to think about the problems of the contemporary people.", "Its style ranges from son and guaracha to reggae, pop rock, and trova, including the fusion of flamenco.", "It was nominated to the award Cubadisco 2002 in the categories Design and Pop.", "It was awarded the Cubadisco 2002 in the category of <Ópera prima>.", "Track list:\n# \"Déjame entrar\" (3:25)\n# \"Sicología al día\" (3:22)\n# \"Como un espejismo\" (2:58)\n# \"La zanja\" (4:24)\n# \"La ventana\" (2:41)\n# \"Guantanamero\" (4:01)\n# \"Como el neanderthal\" (2:52)\n# \"No juegues con mi soledad\" (3:16)\n# \"Puede que sí, puede que no\" (3:13)\n# \"El destino de la abeja\" (3:17)\n# \"Para no ver eso\" (3:30)\n# \"Fuego y balacera\" (2:50)", "\"Arsenal\" (\"\") is the second studio album released by Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2003.", "The album was nominated to the Cubadisco 2003 awards, in the categories of Recording, Production, and Design.", "It was awarded the Cubadisco 2003 in the category of Pop, as well as the award EGREM 2004 in the same category.", "Track list:\n# \"Arsenal\" (4:29)\n# \"To be or no te vi\" (4:33)\n# \"Tras tus pies\" (4:59)\n# \"Buen viaje\" (4:39)\n# \"Intimidad\" (4:00)\n# \"Nunca digas nunca\" (4:15)\n# \"Cuando te amo\" (4:12)\n# \"Soñar en azul\" (3:35)\n# \"Noviembre\" (3:46)\n# \"Parque de provincia\" (4:17)\n# \"Propuesta\" (3:36)\n# \"Fin de fiesta\" (4:25)", "\"Corazonero\" (\"\") is the third studio album released by Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2004.", "Track list:\n# \"Llegaré, llegaré\" (3:16)\n# \"El duende del bache\" (3:53)\n# \"Fiarme de ti\" (4:44)\n# \"Soy\" (5:11)\n# \"Nacimos ángeles\" (3:16)\n# \"Por si las moscas\" (4:32)\n# \"Navegando a la deriva\" (4:39)\n# \"Corazonero\" (3:09)\n# \"Puesta de sol\" (5:14)\n# \"Cuando tú me faltas\" (3:36)\n# \"Sé de un ser\" (3:20)\n# \"Dios salve al rey\" (5:04)\n# \"Corazonero (rap)\" (3:05)\nThis album was nominated for the Cubadisco 2005 award in the category Pop/Fusion.", "It won the award EGREM 2005 in the category Pop rock and the award Cubadisco 2005 in the category Graphic design.", "\"Presagios\" (\"\") is the fourth studio album released by Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2006.", "This album won the award Cubadisco in 2007, in the Pop Rock category.", "Track list:\n# \"Quien es\" (5:15)\n# \"Contragolpe\" (4:27)\n# \"Das más\" (3:15)\n# \"Nalgas\" (4:40)\n# \"Con hijo incluido\" (4:37)\n# \"Sola va ya\" (4:15)\n# \"El eco de las plazas\" (3:57)\n# \"Sigo cayendo\" (4:06)\n# \"Premoniciones\" (4:21)\n# \"Si la vida pide vía\" (4:00)\n# \"Vamos corazón\" (3:40)\n# \"Gracias por el fuego\" (4:38)", "\"Catalejo\" (\"\") is the fifth studio album of Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2008.", "The album contains social thinkings about the Cuban way of life and the world's; being also present the topic of love, in ballads such as \"Lástima\".", "Track list:\n# \"Los barcos en el puerto\"\n# \"Cada país\"\n# \"La primera vez\"\n# \"En cueros\"\n# \"Lástima\"\n# \"Fuera\"\n# \"Catalejo\"\n# \"Los fantasmas\"\n# \"Verso A. Machado\"\n# \"A la muerte\"\n# \"Era mi aire\"\n# \"Viernes, Sábado y Domingo\"\n# \"Soy lo que ves\"", "\"Pi 3,14\" (\"\") is the sixth studio album of Buena Fe.", "It was released in 2010.", "Continue their line of work where Israel Rojas, the author of all the issues, go to an acute reflection on the national and international society and its components, and to make an aside to question also specific ways philosophical concepts of human behavior.", "Track list: \n# \"Lo que fue\"\n# \"Dos Emigrantes\"\n# \"Pi\" (3,14)\n# \"Libre\"\n# \"Mamífero Nacional\" (feat.", "Elíades Ochoa)\n# \"La sospecha\"\n# \"Contracorriente\"\n# \"Despedida\" (feat.", "Pablo Milanés)\n# \"Lotería nono\"\n# \"Mar Adentro\"\n# \"Miedos\" (feat.", "Aldeanos)\n# \"Todo el mundo cuenta\"", "Carnal (2019)" ]

[ 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 ]

[ "They have released ten studio albums: \"Déjame entrar\" (2001), \"Arsenal\" (2003), \"Corazonero\" (2004), \"Presagios\" (2006), \"Catalejo\" (2008), \"Pi (3,14)\" (2010), \"Dial\" (2013), \"Soy\" (2015), \"Sobreviviente\" (2017) and \"Carnal\" (2019)." ]

[ "Its geographic condition combined with high altitude gives a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: \"BSk\") with very hot summers even with elevation due to dryness of air and absence of cold clouds and winter for the location or sometimes even there are places to the north.", "Ascensión has one sister city.", ":" ]

[ 1, 2 ]

[ "Ascensión is a city in northern Chihuahua, Mexico.", "The city is the capital of Ascensión Municipality." ]

[ "Malda Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments:\n\n\n\nAs per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, Malda parliamentary constituency will cease to exist and current constituent assembly segments will be part of either of the two new ones: Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency) or Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency).", "For MPs from the area in subsequent years see Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency) and Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)", "A by-election was held in this constituency on 13 September 2006 which was necessitated by the death of sitting MP A B A Ghani Khan Choudhury.", "In the by-election, Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury of Congress defeated his nearest rival Sailen Sarkar of CPI(M) by 84,391 votes.", "Most of the contests were multi-cornered.", "However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Malda Lok Sabha constituency was one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India.", "The constituency centred on Malda in West Bengal, which was abolished following the delimitation of the parliamentary constituencies in 2008." ]

[ "The first release of any version of the song was as music video filmed for the French version of the song in 1981, premiering that year on the Musi-Video show in Montreal.", "\"Freeways (Euromix)\" first appeared as a B-side track on a European 12\" edition of the \"I Got the Message\" single in 1982.", "To date, it is the only version of the song to appear on CD, being released on the \"Greatest Hats\" compilation in 1996, however fans created a bootleg CD version of the EP including all four mixes.", "The version of \"Freeways (Euromix)\" used on \"Greatest Hats\" was ripped from vinyl and donated by a fan.\nWhen the song was initially written in 1979, it was called \"Nationale 7\" and used wholly English lyrics.", "The title \"Freeways\" began being used in reference to the song in 1982, with its release on the \"I Got the Message\" single, but songwriter Ivan Doroschuk would still refer to it as \"Nationale 7\" until 1985, when the 12\" was released.", "Ivan would also refer to the song as \"Men Without Hats' secret single\" (a reference to its use as a B-side), as heard on a recording of a concert in Toronto in December 1982.", "The French and German lyrics used in the Euromix are translations of the original lyrics - the English lyrics used in the Euromix were completely rewritten.", "The original lyrics from 1979 are used in \"Super 87\".", "Footage of the band's 1985–1986 \"Freeways\" tour was the basis for the 2006 DVD release \"Live Hats\".", "#\"Modern(e) Dancing\" - 4:12\n#\"Utter Space\" - 2:43\n#\"Antarctica\" - 4:28\n#\"Security (Everybody Feels Better With)\" - 3:56\n# \"Freeways (Euromix)\" - 5:45 (trilingual extended mix)", "# \"Freeways (Nationale 7)\" - 3:37 (French version)\n# \"Freeways (Super 87)\" - 3:37 (English version)", "#\"Modern(e) Dancing\" - 4:12\n#\"Utter Space\" - 2:43\n#\"Antarctica\" - 4:28\n#\"Security (Everybody Feels Better With)\" - 3:56\n# \"Freeways (Euromix)\" - 5:45\n# \"Freeways (Super 87)\" - 3:37\n# \"Freeways (Nationale 7)\" - 3:37\n# \"Freeways (Europa 8)\" - 3:37 (German version)" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]

[ "Freeways is the second EP released by Canadian synthpop group Men Without Hats.", "Released in 1985, it contains songs originally released on the group's 1980 EP \"Folk of the 80's\", plus several versions of the song \"Freeways\"." ]

[ "As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the Delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, Mathurapur (Lok Sabha constituency) is composed of the following legislative assembly segments from 2009:", "!", "style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;\" width=225 |Party\n!", "style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;\" |Seats won\n!", "style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;\" |Seat change\n!", "style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;\" |Vote percentage", "Most of the contests were multi-cornered.", "However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Mathurapur (Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 543 Parliamentary constituencies in India.", "The constituency centres on Mathurapur in West Bengal.", "All the seven legislative assembly segments of No. 20", "Mathurapur (Lok Sabha constituency) are in South 24 Parganas district." ]

[ "The Sports Office of the Reich (DRL/NSRL) was founded in July 1934.", "As a result of its activity all German sport associations gradually lost their independence and became subject to its manipulation.", "The Yacht-Club von Deutschland originated after the 1936 Summer Olympics sailing events in the Bay of Kiel.", "The following year the prestigious Kaiserlicher Yacht Club (Imperial Yacht Club) was forcefully merged with local smaller clubs in the Kiel area, such as the \"Kieler Segelvereinigung\" (KSV).", "The main purpose in the creation of the Yacht-Club von Deutschland was to \"bring into line\" the scattered yachting and sailing clubs of North Germany's former Hanseatic League cities under a central command along with yacht clubs elsewhere in Germany.", "The Yacht Club of Kiel's name \"Kaiserlicher Yacht Club\", deemed by the Nazis not to be in tune with \"the spirit of the times\" (\"zeitgemäß\"), soon fell into oblivion and the honorary commodore's title was withdrawn from old former Emperor William II, who withered in exile in Doorn, the Netherlands.", "The Yacht-Club von Deutschland was further expanded by the \"incorporation\" (\"Einverleibung\") with other German yacht clubs having a royal background.", "Foremost of these were the Yacht Club of Bavaria (Bayerischer Yacht-Club) and the Württembergischer Yacht Club, to form a massive pan-German entity.", "After successfully organizing the 1937 Kiel Week, the Yacht-Club von Deutschland supported the Norddeutscher Regatta Verein (NRV) in the organization of the Star Class European Championship in the same year.", "Upon the 1938 annexation of Austria (\"Anschluss\"), half of the Austrian yacht clubs were brought under the wing of the Yacht-Club von Deutschland.", "In 1939 many of the sailing competitions and other planned events in preparation for the 1940 Helsinki Summer Olympics were carried out in Germany, especially in Kiel, despite of the imminence of the war.", "The last significant activity of the Yacht-Club von Deutschland right before the outbreak of World War II was the organization of the Star World Championship, together with the NRV. YCvD Kiel members Dr. Peter Hansohm and Christian Blankenburg ended up third in the general classification.", "On September 1, participants belonging mainly to nations that had become hostile were brought safely across the border into Denmark together with their boats.", "This operation was carried out with the assistance of the Kriegsmarine.", "World War II radically altered the role of the Yacht-Club von Deutschland in the country.", "Even though it continued its sailing school activities among the youth for a few years, yachting was discouraged.", "In 1940 monetary funds for organizing sailing events, like Kiel Week, were not forthcoming.", "Contributors felt emboldened to deny funds to the Yacht-Club von Deutschland owing to the war-related shifting of priorities.", "In the last years of the war many members of the many branches of the yacht club, among them young teenagers, had to go to fight to the fronts.", "A figure of the casualties is not known.", "The Yacht-Club von Deutschland's short life ended with the capitulation of the Nazi government in 1945.", "As a Nazi organization, it was disbanded when the American Military Government issued a special law outlawing the Nazi party and all of its branches.", "The smaller yacht clubs that had been forcefully merged with it had to be reestablished anew after the war.", "Since the Kaiser had died in 1941 and the reestablishment of the club under the name \"Yacht-Club von Deutschland\" was not allowed by the British occupying authorities, the former Kaiserlicher Yacht Club was reestablished as the Yacht Club of Kiel.", "The Yacht-Club von Deutschland should not be confused with the Motor-Yacht-Club von Deutschland." ]

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[ "The Yacht-Club von Deutschland (YCvD), \"Yacht Club of Germany\", was a yacht club platform established in 1937 during Nazi rule in Germany." ]

[ "James Newell was given a scholarship from a Colonel Mills to study in Paris, France.", "Newell studied painting at Académie Julian, and then fresco at Beaux-Arts.", "While in Paris Newell met an art student, Mardy Allen, who later became his second wife.", "The two researched Renaissance frescoes in Italy.", "In 1930 Newell assisted La Montagne St. Hubert on frescoes in the American dormitory at La Cité universitaire in Paris.", "James Michael Newell was commissioned by Potomac Electric Power Company to paint murals in lobbies of Washington D.C. offices.", "During the late 1930s, Newell worked under the Public Works of Art Project (PWAP), and the Federal Art Project (one of the divisions of the WPA created under Federal Project One), painting eight murals titled \"The History of Western Civilization\", at Evander Childs High School in 1938.", "Newell's additional works include \"Alaska\" and \"Insular Possessions\" done in the year 1939.", "In 1940, Newell was commissioned by the Section of Fine Arts of Federal Works Agency to paint \"The Underground Railroad\", in the Dolgeville, NY post office.", "In the same year Newell painted an oil on canvas named \"The Death of Pere Marquette,\" in the U.S. Post Office in Des Plaines, Illinois.\nOften compared to Diego Rivera's murals, Newell depicted the social scene of his nation.", "His works have been exhibited and placed in permanent collections at the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA, NYC), the Smithsonian, the White House, the Metropolitan Museum of Art (NYC) and other major institutions.", "A film based on his work in frescoes is in use by the Metropolitan Museum, other museums and universities throughout the country.", "In addition, his murals, selected by President and Mrs. Roosevelt have been the focus in films highlighting the art of the WPA." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ]

[ "He had one child with his first wife, Emma Greaves." ]

[ "Johnson was promoted from the Cincinnati Bengals practice squad late in the 2008 season.", "He saw action in the last two games of the season, carrying the ball nine times for 29 yards.", "He also caught six passes for 47 yards.", "He spent the 2009 season on the practice squad.", "On January 22, 2010, Johnson signed a future contract with the Minnesota Vikings after his practice squad contract expired at season's end.", "He was waived on June 14.", "On Tuesday August 10, 2010, he was again signed by the Cincinnati Bengals in the wake of injuries to running backs Brian Leonard and Cordera Eason-(C.E. subsequently released on waivers).", "On September 6, 2010, he was signed by the Green Bay Packers to their Practice Squad." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]

[ "He was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 2008.", "Johnson was also a member of the Minnesota Vikings, Green Bay Packers and Pittsburgh Steelers." ]

[ "As per order of the Delimitation Commission issued in 2006 in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, parliamentary constituency no.", "34 Medinipur is composed of the following segments:\nPrior to delimitation, Midnapore Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments:Patashpur (assembly constituency no. 215), Midnapore (assembly constituency no. 223), Kharagpur Town (assembly constituency no. 224), Kharagpur Rural (assembly constituency no. 225), Keshiari (ST) (assembly constituency no. 226), Narayangarh (assembly constituency no. 227) and\nDantan (assembly constituency no. 228)", "A by-election was held in this constituency in 2001 which was necessitated by the death of sitting MP Indrajit Gupta.", "In the by-election, Prabodh Panda of Communist Party of India defeated his nearest rival Manorajnan Dutta of Trinamool Congress.", "Most of the contests were multi-cornered.", "However, only winners and runners-up are generally mentioned below:" ]

[ 0, 1 ]

[ "Medinipur Lok Sabha constituency (formerly, Midnapore Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India.", "The constituency centres on Midnapore in West Bengal.", "Six of the seven assembly segments of No. 34 Medinipur (Lok Sabha constituency) are in Paschim Medinipur district and one is in Purba Medinipur district." ]

[ "Sleet was born in New York City, New York.", "He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Hampton University in 1973.", "He received a Juris Doctor from Rutgers School of Law–Camden in 1976, where he was an Earl Warren Scholar.", "He was an assistant public defender, Defender Association of Philadelphia from 1976 to 1983.", "He was in private practice of law in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1983 to 1990.", "He was a deputy attorney general in the Department of Justice, State of Delaware from 1990 to 1992.", "He was a Counsel, Hercules Inc. from 1992 to 1994.", "He was the United States Attorney for the District of Delaware from 1994 to 1998.", "He was the first African American to be appointed United States Attorney in Delaware, and the first to be appointed the federal bench in Delaware.", "Sleet is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware.", "At the recommendation of then Delaware United States Senator Joe Biden, Sleet was nominated by President Bill Clinton on January 27, 1998, to a seat vacated by Joseph J. Longobardi.", "He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 27, 1998, and received commission on April 30, 1998.", "He served as chief judge, from 2007 to 2014.", "He took senior status on May 1, 2017.", "In February 2018, Sleet announced his plan to take retirement in fall 2018.", "He retired from active service on September 28, 2018.", "Due to the expertise and experience in patent law that Sleet has acquired from hearing numerous patent cases during his tenure as a District Judge and Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, he also teaches courses in Patent Litigation at Duke University School of Law, Widener University School of Law and Rutgers University School of Law.", "In 1995, Sleet was appointed by then U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno for a 2-year term to the Attorney General's Advisory Committee (\"AGAC\"), a group designed to set policy and strategy for the United States Department of Justice, and also a group which Sleet was made Vice Chair of in 1995-1995 by Reno in August 1995.", "In 1998, Delaware Today magazine selected Judge Sleet as \"Delawarean of the Year\" and in 2000, he was named one of \"Fifty of the Finest\" graduates in the first fifty years of Rutgers University.", "Additionally, Judge Sleet was presented the Distinguished Service Award in 1994 by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Central Delaware Branch.", "Sleet is also a member of the Third Circuit Committee on Criminal Pattern Jury Instructions, the Third Circuit Judicial Council Automation & Technology Committee, the Third Circuit Judicial Council Facilities and Security Committee and Member of the Third Circuit Judicial Council Case Management Committee.", "He is the son of Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer Moneta Sleet Jr." ]

[ 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ]

[ "Gregory Moneta Sleet (born March 8, 1951 in New York City, New York) is a former United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware." ]

[ "Prior to delimitation in 2006 Panskura Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments: \n\n\n\nAs per order of the Delimitation Commission issued in 2006 in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, Panskura parliamentary constituency will cease to exist; most of the assembly segments of this constituency will be part of new Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency).", "For Members of Parliament from the area during the period 1951-1977 and 2009 onwards see Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)", "Most of the contests were multi-cornered.", "However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:\nGhatal (Lok Sabha constituency) functioned from 1951 to 1971.", "In the Panskura seat, the by-election was held due to the death of the sitting CPI-MP Geeta Mukherjee on 4 March 2000.", "The bye election held on 5 June 2000.", "Bikram Sarkar of Trinamool Congress defeated Gurudas Dasgupta of the CPI by 41,491 votes." ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Panskura (Lok Sabha constituency) was one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India.", "The constituency centred on Panskura in West Bengal." ]

[ "After 15 minutes, Brazil again found themselves a goal behind in the World Cup final, as a long ball from Adolf Scherer was latched onto by Josef Masopust to put Czechoslovakia 1–0 ahead.", "However, just like the previous final four years earlier, Brazil soon hit back, equalising two minutes later through Amarildo after an error by the previously flawless Czechoslovak goalkeeper Viliam Schrojf.", "The Brazilians did not stop there and with goals from Zito and Vavá (another Schrojf error) midway through the second half, the Czechoslovaks could not get back into the game, with the match ending 3–1 to Brazil.", "<section begin=Final /><section end=Final />\n<section begin=Lineups />\n</includeonly><section end=Lineups />\nMatch rules" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Brazil won the game 3–1 to record their second consecutive World Cup victory." ]

[ "After 15 minutes, Brazil again found themselves a goal behind in the World Cup final, as a long ball from Adolf Scherer was latched onto by Josef Masopust to put Czechoslovakia 1–0 ahead.", "However, just like the previous final four years earlier, Brazil soon hit back, equalising two minutes later through Amarildo after an error by the previously flawless Czechoslovak goalkeeper Viliam Schrojf.", "The Brazilians did not stop there and with goals from Zito and Vavá (another Schrojf error) midway through the second half, the Czechoslovaks could not get back into the game, with the match ending 3–1 to Brazil.", "<section begin=Final /><section end=Final />\n<section begin=Lineups />\n</includeonly><section end=Lineups />\nMatch rules" ]

[ 0, 1, 2 ]

[ "Brazil won the game 3–1 to record their second consecutive World Cup victory." ]

[ "\"The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide\" said, \"both \"Ming\" and \"Home\" display an excellent balance between written material and solos by a distinguished group of sidemen\".", "\"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" selected this album as part of its suggested Core Collection.", "The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 5 stars, stating, \"His octet was always the perfect setting for tenor saxophonist David Murray, large enough to generate power but not as out of control as many of his big-band performances.", "Murray contributed all five originals (including \"Ming\" and \"Dewey's Circle\") and arrangements, and is in superior form on both tenor and bass clarinet.", "The \"backup crew\" is also quite notable: altoist Henry Threadgill, trumpeter Olu Dara, cornetist Butch Morris, trombonist George Lewis, pianist Anthony Davis, bassist Wilbur Morris, and drummer Steve McCall.", "These avant-garde performances (reissued on CD) are often rhythmic enough to reach a slightly larger audience than usual, and the individuality shown by each of these major players is quite impressive.", "Recommended.\".", "\"All compositions by David Murray\"\n# \"The Fast Life\" – 8:54\n# \"The Hill\" – 10:39\n# \"Ming\" – 4:28\n# \"Jasvan\" – 8:51\n# \"Dewey's Circle\" – 6:36" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]

[ "It features performances by Murray, Henry Threadgill, Olu Dara, Lawrence \"Butch\" Morris, George E. Lewis, Anthony Davis, Wilber Morris and Steve McCall." ]

[ "Donald Bain revealed in his 2002 memoir \"Every Midget Has an Uncle Sam Costume: Writing for a Living\" that he wrote \"Coffee, Tea or Me?\" and three sequels while employed as a New York City-based American Airlines public relations person.", "The publisher hired two Eastern Airlines stewardesses to pose as the authors for book tours and television appearances.", "As \"The New York Times\" columnist Joe Sharkey described in 2010,\nBain himself said, \"I wrote it in 1966 while working in public relations for American Airlines, and it went on to spawn an entire genre of wacky comedies, including three direct sequels.", "All in all, the four books sold more than five million copies worldwide, and became my annuity for almost 17 years.", "The first edition hardcover was published in October 1967 by Bartholomew House, an imprint of Bartell Media Corporation, with a second printing in December, and a third in January 1968.", "Bantam Books, at that time a subsidiary of Grosset & Dunlap, released a paperback edition in November 1968, and had reached its tenth printing by January 1969.", "Bain was uncredited other than in a dedication, until the 2003 edition, in which he was credited beneath the Baker and Jones byline as \"with Donald Bain.", "\"\nThe Penguin Group, the publisher as of the 21st century, describes the book as \"adult fiction\".", "Written in the first person voice of Trudy Baker, with Bain's name appearing as a dedication between the index of chapters and the foreword, the book describes a kind of glamorous lifestyle from the stewardess' point of view, working for two years for an unnamed American carrier out of a New York crewbase during the golden age of airline travel.", "It is written to emphasize the sexy parts of the job, although difficult experiences are also recounted, and reflects the shifts in society and culture then underway.", "It also contains content that could in later decades be deemed sexist, and dated descriptions of homosexuality; chapter X is titled \"They Looked So Normal\".", "In chapter XIV, the attendants list one of the types of passengers that could be denied boarding rights — \"most recently, men wearing earrings.\"", "Illustrations by men's-magazine cartoonist Bill Wenzel depict the flight attendants and female passengers as busty sexpots.", "The book contains period references to television shows such as \"Batman\" and lists of celebrities the authors claim to have carried on their flights, as well as an incidental description of the airline introducing Boeing 727 service.", "Other equipment mentioned includes the Boeing 707 and the smaller BAC 111.", "People's names are fictitious, excepting the famous, and there is no way to gauge the accuracy of any of the accounts.", "Capitalizing on the success of the publication, Bain wrote three sequels: \"The Coffee Tea or Me Girls' Round-the-World Diary\" (1969), \"The Coffee, Tea or Me Girls", "Lay It on the Line\" (1972) and \"The Coffee, Tea or Me Girls Get Away from It All\" (1974).", "A TV film of the same title, loosely based on \"Coffee, Tea or Me?\" was made in 1973.", "The Jaggerz' #2 hit \"The Rapper\" from 1970 contains the line \"Come up to my place for some coffee, or tea, or me.\"", "The phrase is also mentioned in the 1978 Skyhooks song \"Women in Uniform\" and the 1988 film \"Working Girl\".", "The book appears briefly in the 1997 Disney film \"George of the Jungle\" where it is described as a good source of courtship behaviour.", "The book's title lent itself to a 2002 documentary of the same name, with the subtitle \"the Surprising Story of the Underestimated Trolley Dolly\", which interviewed air hostesses who worked in the New Zealand airline industry in the 1960s and 1970s." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]

[ "Coffee, Tea or Me? is a book of purported memoirs by the fictitious stewardesses Trudy Baker and Rachel Jones, written by the initially uncredited Donald Bain and first published in 1967." ]

[ "The ship was built in 1915 by the \"Reiherstieg Schiffswerfte & Maschinenfabrik\" shipyard in Hamburg, Germany, as the Itajahy on behalf of the \"Hamburg-Sudamerikanische Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft\" (\"Hamburg-South America Line\"), but was requisitioned by the German Navy.", "In 1919 she was handed over to the UK as war reparations.", "She was owned by Elder Dempster & Company until 1921, when she was sold to R.P. Houston & Company, and renamed Hesione.", "In 1937 she was sold to the Stanhope Steamship Company and renamed Stanwood.", "On 10 December 1939 the \"Stanwood\"s cargo of coal caught fire.", "The ship was scuttled in of water in Carrick Roads in order to extinguish the fire, with intention of then raising her.", "Unfortunately she slipped into deeper waters, and the crew abandoned her with the loss of one man.", "Attempts to refloat her were unsuccessful although her cargo was recovered.", "Deemed a hazard to shipping the wreck was later broken up with explosives.", "The wreck remains popular with divers, though permission must first be obtained from the harbour master." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

[ "SS \"Stanwood\" was a British collier that was sunk off Falmouth in December 1939 after her cargo of coal caught fire." ]

[ "\"Punch-Out!!\" features a boxer named Little Mac working his way up the professional boxing circuits, facing a series of colorful, fictional boxers.", "The game requires reflexes to react to the computer-controlled boxers' moves.", "All of the boxers from the NES game except for Mike Tyson return, along with Bear Hugger and Aran Ryan from \"Super Punch-Out!!\" and new opponents Disco Kid, Giga Mac, and Donkey Kong.", "The game allows three different control schemes.", "The Wii Remote and Nunchuk can be used together, a Wii Balance Board can be used along with the Wii Remote and Nunchuk to duck or dodge, or the Wii Remote can be used by itself and held sideways in a traditional two-button control scheme.", "In each stage, players must rely on quick reactions and identify various tells from their opponent to dodge or block their attacks, before returning with attacks to either the torso or the head with the left and right fists.", "Stars are awarded for landing a punch at particular moments, such as when an opponent grins or taunts Little Mac.", "The player can store up to three stars, but will lose them if hit by the opponent.", "When the player has one or more stars, they can perform a Star Punch, which deals extra damage.", "Each fighter has a stamina gauge which results in a knockdown when fully depleted, with the player able to recover stamina while the opponent is down.", "Additionally, the player has a heart counter that decreases upon being hit or throwing a punch that is dodged or blocked.", "If the counter reaches zero, the player will be unable to attack and be vulnerable until they can successfully dodge an attack.", "A fight can end by knockout (KO) if a fighter is unable to rise within 10 seconds after being knocked down; by technical knockout (TKO), if a fighter is knocked down three times in one round; or by decision, if neither fighter achieves a KO or TKO after three rounds.", "Against certain opponents, the player can score an automatic KO by landing a Star Punch at the right moment, regardless of the opponent's stamina.", "The player can recover from being knocked down a maximum of three times per fight, but will lose on a fourth knockdown.", "Two single-player campaign options are available.", "The Career option begins in Contender mode, in which Little Mac must climb the ranks of the World Video Boxing Association by rising through the Minor, Major, and World Circuits.", "Once Mac wins the world championship title, the game enters the more challenging Title Defense mode; he must now defend his belt against the other fighters, who use new techniques and defenses (such as King Hippo protecting his stomach with a manhole cover).", "Completing Title Defense unlocks Mac's Last Stand, an endurance mode in which Mac faces off against an endless series of randomly chosen opponents, one of whom is Donkey Kong.", "Once Mac loses three times, he retires from boxing and the Career option for the player's save file will become disabled, requiring the player to create a new file to play this option again.", "The Exhibition option allows players to fight against any opponents they have already defeated in either Contender or Title Defense, attempting to complete unique achievements, or practice against a holographic image of their current opponent.", "If the player wins 10 fights in Mac's Last Stand, an additional Champions Mode option is unlocked for Exhibition, in which a single hit will knock Mac down.", "New to the series is a split-screen multiplayer mode between Little Mac and a recolored clone.", "When one of the players has gathered enough power by repeatedly dodging all moves unscathed, that player's character transforms into a giant known as \"Giga Mac\" for a limited time and the game shifts to the opponent's single-player view until he returns to normal.", "Doc Louis's Punch-Out!!", "is a standalone spin-off title and prequel, which was released on WiiWare as a Platinum reward for Club Nintendo members in North America on October 27, 2009.", "The game, which takes place years prior to the main game, sees Little Mac sparring with his coach, Doc Louis, through three matches of increasing difficulty; the player wins each match by knocking Doc down once in three rounds.", "The game features three difficulty levels: Warm-up, Training, and Sparring.", "The game features the same graphics, voice acting, and game engine as the Wii version of \"Punch-Out!!", "\", although it is not compatible with the Wii Balance Board.\n\"Doc Louis' Punch-Out!!\" was once again made available to Club Nintendo members on February 2, 2015, this time as a purchasable coin prize as part of the service's closing promotion.", "This was the first time in over five years that the game was made available through any means.", "The game was revealed in 2008 at the Nintendo Media Summit, where a fifteen-second trailer was shown.", "It was later announced that it was being developed by Next Level Games, which had partnered with Nintendo on games such as \"Super Mario Strikers\".", "Nintendo wished to make a new iteration similar to the original \"Punch-Out!!\"", "for the NES, so they asked the studio to design the gameplay to be exactly like it and the characters to look like the original games.", "This led to the studio designing the game with classic NES-style controls by using the Wii Remote turned sideways.", "Pre-production started when the Wii was released.", "At the time, Nintendo was discussing the idea with the studio.", "Soon after that, the studio created a prototype of the game.", "In an interview, the game's producer, Kensuke Tanabe, described the development as a collaborative effort between the people of Next Level Games and the people from Nintendo in Japan.", "As an example of this, Tanabe said that the roster of opponents that are in the game were chosen by people of both studios, Next Level wanting to include more NES characters.", "When asked about the challenges of bringing an old franchise to the current generation, the game's gameplay lead, Bryce Holliday, said that the most difficult thing to figure out was how to design the gameplay and where to locate the camera.", "The game has a cel shaded graphical style, which was a decision of Next Level.", "Both of the developers wanted to design the graphics in a way that would be immediately identifiable to any person who catches a glimpse of the game.", "They also wanted to invoke the style of the previous iterations while at the same time creating some new visuals.", "Holliday called the style \"the logical choice\".", "The inclusion of Donkey Kong was a suggestion from an employee of Nintendo of America, and Tanabe also wished to include Princess Peach, but that idea was abandoned because of the issue of violence towards women.", "The reason that there were not many notable Nintendo characters in the game is because the studio wanted to solidify the game's own respective universe.", "The Title Defense mode was designed to make the game more of a standalone game and not just a nostalgia title, and also to make the game longer.", "The developers liked this since it added more personality to the characters.", "The studio adjusted the difficulty level in order to make the game easier to pick up and play.", "The game's 2 player mechanic was a difficult task to create, according to Tanabe, because the series had no template to base it on.", "There were various additions to the game that were cut from the final product.", "One of these was online multiplayer, while another feature was the ability to move around the ring in a 3D environment.", "This idea was scrapped so that the game would have the same feel as the older games in the series.", "Other features include character customization, other RPG elements, and mini-games.", "\"Punch-Out!!\" received critical acclaim, averaging an 86/100 and an 87.29% at Metacritic and GameRankings, respectively.", "\"Nintendo Power's\" Chris Slate scored the game an 8.5/10 in the magazine's June 2009 issue, praising its similarity to the NES title of the same name.", "Slate stated \"The folks at Next Level Games have created an amazing title that has made the 15 years since \"Super Punch-Out!!\"", "quite worthwhile.\"", "However, he said that the new additions did not affect the game.", "\"Game Informer\" gave \"Punch-Out!!\"", "a 9/10.", "\"IGN\"'s Craig Harris gave this game an 8.8/10, citing its nostalgic gameplay.", "Sumantra Lahiri of The Escapist also praised its nostalgic value, but suggested that the stereotypes exhibited by the characters that seemed harmless in the 1980s version had not aged well when early 21st century attitudes towards cultural and racial sensitivity were taken into account.", "The game sold 1.27 million copies worldwide, and was re-released under the Nintendo Selects banner." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 ]

[ "Punch-Out!!", "is a 2009 boxing video game developed by Next Level Games for the Wii.", "It is the fifth and most recent mainline game in Nintendo's \"Punch-Out!!\" series, following the SNES version of \"Super Punch-Out!!", "\", and is a reboot of the series.", "An additional WiiWare title, \"Doc Louis's Punch-Out!!", "\", was released exclusively for North American Club Nintendo members on October 27, 2009.", "Upon release, \"Punch Out!!\"" ]

[ "\"Punch-Out!!\" features a boxer named Little Mac working his way up the professional boxing circuits, facing a series of colorful, fictional boxers.", "The game requires reflexes to react to the computer-controlled boxers' moves.", "All of the boxers from the NES game except for Mike Tyson return, along with Bear Hugger and Aran Ryan from \"Super Punch-Out!!\" and new opponents Disco Kid, Giga Mac, and Donkey Kong.", "The game allows three different control schemes.", "The Wii Remote and Nunchuk can be used together, a Wii Balance Board can be used along with the Wii Remote and Nunchuk to duck or dodge, or the Wii Remote can be used by itself and held sideways in a traditional two-button control scheme.", "In each stage, players must rely on quick reactions and identify various tells from their opponent to dodge or block their attacks, before returning with attacks to either the torso or the head with the left and right fists.", "Stars are awarded for landing a punch at particular moments, such as when an opponent grins or taunts Little Mac.", "The player can store up to three stars, but will lose them if hit by the opponent.", "When the player has one or more stars, they can perform a Star Punch, which deals extra damage.", "Each fighter has a stamina gauge which results in a knockdown when fully depleted, with the player able to recover stamina while the opponent is down.", "Additionally, the player has a heart counter that decreases upon being hit or throwing a punch that is dodged or blocked.", "If the counter reaches zero, the player will be unable to attack and be vulnerable until they can successfully dodge an attack.", "A fight can end by knockout (KO) if a fighter is unable to rise within 10 seconds after being knocked down; by technical knockout (TKO), if a fighter is knocked down three times in one round; or by decision, if neither fighter achieves a KO or TKO after three rounds.", "Against certain opponents, the player can score an automatic KO by landing a Star Punch at the right moment, regardless of the opponent's stamina.", "The player can recover from being knocked down a maximum of three times per fight, but will lose on a fourth knockdown.", "Two single-player campaign options are available.", "The Career option begins in Contender mode, in which Little Mac must climb the ranks of the World Video Boxing Association by rising through the Minor, Major, and World Circuits.", "Once Mac wins the world championship title, the game enters the more challenging Title Defense mode; he must now defend his belt against the other fighters, who use new techniques and defenses (such as King Hippo protecting his stomach with a manhole cover).", "Completing Title Defense unlocks Mac's Last Stand, an endurance mode in which Mac faces off against an endless series of randomly chosen opponents, one of whom is Donkey Kong.", "Once Mac loses three times, he retires from boxing and the Career option for the player's save file will become disabled, requiring the player to create a new file to play this option again.", "The Exhibition option allows players to fight against any opponents they have already defeated in either Contender or Title Defense, attempting to complete unique achievements, or practice against a holographic image of their current opponent.", "If the player wins 10 fights in Mac's Last Stand, an additional Champions Mode option is unlocked for Exhibition, in which a single hit will knock Mac down.", "New to the series is a split-screen multiplayer mode between Little Mac and a recolored clone.", "When one of the players has gathered enough power by repeatedly dodging all moves unscathed, that player's character transforms into a giant known as \"Giga Mac\" for a limited time and the game shifts to the opponent's single-player view until he returns to normal.", "Doc Louis's Punch-Out!!", "is a standalone spin-off title and prequel, which was released on WiiWare as a Platinum reward for Club Nintendo members in North America on October 27, 2009.", "The game, which takes place years prior to the main game, sees Little Mac sparring with his coach, Doc Louis, through three matches of increasing difficulty; the player wins each match by knocking Doc down once in three rounds.", "The game features three difficulty levels: Warm-up, Training, and Sparring.", "The game features the same graphics, voice acting, and game engine as the Wii version of \"Punch-Out!!", "\", although it is not compatible with the Wii Balance Board.\n\"Doc Louis' Punch-Out!!\" was once again made available to Club Nintendo members on February 2, 2015, this time as a purchasable coin prize as part of the service's closing promotion.", "This was the first time in over five years that the game was made available through any means.", "The game was revealed in 2008 at the Nintendo Media Summit, where a fifteen-second trailer was shown.", "It was later announced that it was being developed by Next Level Games, which had partnered with Nintendo on games such as \"Super Mario Strikers\".", "Nintendo wished to make a new iteration similar to the original \"Punch-Out!!\"", "for the NES, so they asked the studio to design the gameplay to be exactly like it and the characters to look like the original games.", "This led to the studio designing the game with classic NES-style controls by using the Wii Remote turned sideways.", "Pre-production started when the Wii was released.", "At the time, Nintendo was discussing the idea with the studio.", "Soon after that, the studio created a prototype of the game.", "In an interview, the game's producer, Kensuke Tanabe, described the development as a collaborative effort between the people of Next Level Games and the people from Nintendo in Japan.", "As an example of this, Tanabe said that the roster of opponents that are in the game were chosen by people of both studios, Next Level wanting to include more NES characters.", "When asked about the challenges of bringing an old franchise to the current generation, the game's gameplay lead, Bryce Holliday, said that the most difficult thing to figure out was how to design the gameplay and where to locate the camera.", "The game has a cel shaded graphical style, which was a decision of Next Level.", "Both of the developers wanted to design the graphics in a way that would be immediately identifiable to any person who catches a glimpse of the game.", "They also wanted to invoke the style of the previous iterations while at the same time creating some new visuals.", "Holliday called the style \"the logical choice\".", "The inclusion of Donkey Kong was a suggestion from an employee of Nintendo of America, and Tanabe also wished to include Princess Peach, but that idea was abandoned because of the issue of violence towards women.", "The reason that there were not many notable Nintendo characters in the game is because the studio wanted to solidify the game's own respective universe.", "The Title Defense mode was designed to make the game more of a standalone game and not just a nostalgia title, and also to make the game longer.", "The developers liked this since it added more personality to the characters.", "The studio adjusted the difficulty level in order to make the game easier to pick up and play.", "The game's 2 player mechanic was a difficult task to create, according to Tanabe, because the series had no template to base it on.", "There were various additions to the game that were cut from the final product.", "One of these was online multiplayer, while another feature was the ability to move around the ring in a 3D environment.", "This idea was scrapped so that the game would have the same feel as the older games in the series.", "Other features include character customization, other RPG elements, and mini-games.", "\"Punch-Out!!\" received critical acclaim, averaging an 86/100 and an 87.29% at Metacritic and GameRankings, respectively.", "\"Nintendo Power's\" Chris Slate scored the game an 8.5/10 in the magazine's June 2009 issue, praising its similarity to the NES title of the same name.", "Slate stated \"The folks at Next Level Games have created an amazing title that has made the 15 years since \"Super Punch-Out!!\"", "quite worthwhile.\"", "However, he said that the new additions did not affect the game.", "\"Game Informer\" gave \"Punch-Out!!\"", "a 9/10.", "\"IGN\"'s Craig Harris gave this game an 8.8/10, citing its nostalgic gameplay.", "Sumantra Lahiri of The Escapist also praised its nostalgic value, but suggested that the stereotypes exhibited by the characters that seemed harmless in the 1980s version had not aged well when early 21st century attitudes towards cultural and racial sensitivity were taken into account.", "The game sold 1.27 million copies worldwide, and was re-released under the Nintendo Selects banner." ]

[ 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 ]

[ "An additional WiiWare title, \"Doc Louis's Punch-Out!!", "\", was released exclusively for North American Club Nintendo members on October 27, 2009.", "Upon release, \"Punch Out!!\"" ]

[ "\"Punch-Out!!\" features a boxer named Little Mac working his way up the professional boxing circuits, facing a series of colorful, fictional boxers.", "The game requires reflexes to react to the computer-controlled boxers' moves.", "All of the boxers from the NES game except for Mike Tyson return, along with Bear Hugger and Aran Ryan from \"Super Punch-Out!!\" and new opponents Disco Kid, Giga Mac, and Donkey Kong.", "The game allows three different control schemes.", "The Wii Remote and Nunchuk can be used together, a Wii Balance Board can be used along with the Wii Remote and Nunchuk to duck or dodge, or the Wii Remote can be used by itself and held sideways in a traditional two-button control scheme.", "In each stage, players must rely on quick reactions and identify various tells from their opponent to dodge or block their attacks, before returning with attacks to either the torso or the head with the left and right fists.", "Stars are awarded for landing a punch at particular moments, such as when an opponent grins or taunts Little Mac.", "The player can store up to three stars, but will lose them if hit by the opponent.", "When the player has one or more stars, they can perform a Star Punch, which deals extra damage.", "Each fighter has a stamina gauge which results in a knockdown when fully depleted, with the player able to recover stamina while the opponent is down.", "Additionally, the player has a heart counter that decreases upon being hit or throwing a punch that is dodged or blocked.", "If the counter reaches zero, the player will be unable to attack and be vulnerable until they can successfully dodge an attack.", "A fight can end by knockout (KO) if a fighter is unable to rise within 10 seconds after being knocked down; by technical knockout (TKO), if a fighter is knocked down three times in one round; or by decision, if neither fighter achieves a KO or TKO after three rounds.", "Against certain opponents, the player can score an automatic KO by landing a Star Punch at the right moment, regardless of the opponent's stamina.", "The player can recover from being knocked down a maximum of three times per fight, but will lose on a fourth knockdown.", "Two single-player campaign options are available.", "The Career option begins in Contender mode, in which Little Mac must climb the ranks of the World Video Boxing Association by rising through the Minor, Major, and World Circuits.", "Once Mac wins the world championship title, the game enters the more challenging Title Defense mode; he must now defend his belt against the other fighters, who use new techniques and defenses (such as King Hippo protecting his stomach with a manhole cover).", "Completing Title Defense unlocks Mac's Last Stand, an endurance mode in which Mac faces off against an endless series of randomly chosen opponents, one of whom is Donkey Kong.", "Once Mac loses three times, he retires from boxing and the Career option for the player's save file will become disabled, requiring the player to create a new file to play this option again.", "The Exhibition option allows players to fight against any opponents they have already defeated in either Contender or Title Defense, attempting to complete unique achievements, or practice against a holographic image of their current opponent.", "If the player wins 10 fights in Mac's Last Stand, an additional Champions Mode option is unlocked for Exhibition, in which a single hit will knock Mac down.", "New to the series is a split-screen multiplayer mode between Little Mac and a recolored clone.", "When one of the players has gathered enough power by repeatedly dodging all moves unscathed, that player's character transforms into a giant known as \"Giga Mac\" for a limited time and the game shifts to the opponent's single-player view until he returns to normal.", "Doc Louis's Punch-Out!!", "is a standalone spin-off title and prequel, which was released on WiiWare as a Platinum reward for Club Nintendo members in North America on October 27, 2009.", "The game, which takes place years prior to the main game, sees Little Mac sparring with his coach, Doc Louis, through three matches of increasing difficulty; the player wins each match by knocking Doc down once in three rounds.", "The game features three difficulty levels: Warm-up, Training, and Sparring.", "The game features the same graphics, voice acting, and game engine as the Wii version of \"Punch-Out!!", "\", although it is not compatible with the Wii Balance Board.\n\"Doc Louis' Punch-Out!!\" was once again made available to Club Nintendo members on February 2, 2015, this time as a purchasable coin prize as part of the service's closing promotion.", "This was the first time in over five years that the game was made available through any means.", "The game was revealed in 2008 at the Nintendo Media Summit, where a fifteen-second trailer was shown.", "It was later announced that it was being developed by Next Level Games, which had partnered with Nintendo on games such as \"Super Mario Strikers\".", "Nintendo wished to make a new iteration similar to the original \"Punch-Out!!\"", "for the NES, so they asked the studio to design the gameplay to be exactly like it and the characters to look like the original games.", "This led to the studio designing the game with classic NES-style controls by using the Wii Remote turned sideways.", "Pre-production started when the Wii was released.", "At the time, Nintendo was discussing the idea with the studio.", "Soon after that, the studio created a prototype of the game.", "In an interview, the game's producer, Kensuke Tanabe, described the development as a collaborative effort between the people of Next Level Games and the people from Nintendo in Japan.", "As an example of this, Tanabe said that the roster of opponents that are in the game were chosen by people of both studios, Next Level wanting to include more NES characters.", "When asked about the challenges of bringing an old franchise to the current generation, the game's gameplay lead, Bryce Holliday, said that the most difficult thing to figure out was how to design the gameplay and where to locate the camera.", "The game has a cel shaded graphical style, which was a decision of Next Level.", "Both of the developers wanted to design the graphics in a way that would be immediately identifiable to any person who catches a glimpse of the game.", "They also wanted to invoke the style of the previous iterations while at the same time creating some new visuals.", "Holliday called the style \"the logical choice\".", "The inclusion of Donkey Kong was a suggestion from an employee of Nintendo of America, and Tanabe also wished to include Princess Peach, but that idea was abandoned because of the issue of violence towards women.", "The reason that there were not many notable Nintendo characters in the game is because the studio wanted to solidify the game's own respective universe.", "The Title Defense mode was designed to make the game more of a standalone game and not just a nostalgia title, and also to make the game longer.", "The developers liked this since it added more personality to the characters.", "The studio adjusted the difficulty level in order to make the game easier to pick up and play.", "The game's 2 player mechanic was a difficult task to create, according to Tanabe, because the series had no template to base it on.", "There were various additions to the game that were cut from the final product.", "One of these was online multiplayer, while another feature was the ability to move around the ring in a 3D environment.", "This idea was scrapped so that the game would have the same feel as the older games in the series.", "Other features include character customization, other RPG elements, and mini-games.", "\"Punch-Out!!\" received critical acclaim, averaging an 86/100 and an 87.29% at Metacritic and GameRankings, respectively.", "\"Nintendo Power's\" Chris Slate scored the game an 8.5/10 in the magazine's June 2009 issue, praising its similarity to the NES title of the same name.", "Slate stated \"The folks at Next Level Games have created an amazing title that has made the 15 years since \"Super Punch-Out!!\"", "quite worthwhile.\"", "However, he said that the new additions did not affect the game.", "\"Game Informer\" gave \"Punch-Out!!\"", "a 9/10.", "\"IGN\"'s Craig Harris gave this game an 8.8/10, citing its nostalgic gameplay.", "Sumantra Lahiri of The Escapist also praised its nostalgic value, but suggested that the stereotypes exhibited by the characters that seemed harmless in the 1980s version had not aged well when early 21st century attitudes towards cultural and racial sensitivity were taken into account.", "The game sold 1.27 million copies worldwide, and was re-released under the Nintendo Selects banner." ]

[ 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 ]

[ "is a 2009 boxing video game developed by Next Level Games for the Wii." ]

[ "\"Punch-Out!!\" features a boxer named Little Mac working his way up the professional boxing circuits, facing a series of colorful, fictional boxers.", "The game requires reflexes to react to the computer-controlled boxers' moves.", "All of the boxers from the NES game except for Mike Tyson return, along with Bear Hugger and Aran Ryan from \"Super Punch-Out!!\" and new opponents Disco Kid, Giga Mac, and Donkey Kong.", "The game allows three different control schemes.", "The Wii Remote and Nunchuk can be used together, a Wii Balance Board can be used along with the Wii Remote and Nunchuk to duck or dodge, or the Wii Remote can be used by itself and held sideways in a traditional two-button control scheme.", "In each stage, players must rely on quick reactions and identify various tells from their opponent to dodge or block their attacks, before returning with attacks to either the torso or the head with the left and right fists.", "Stars are awarded for landing a punch at particular moments, such as when an opponent grins or taunts Little Mac.", "The player can store up to three stars, but will lose them if hit by the opponent.", "When the player has one or more stars, they can perform a Star Punch, which deals extra damage.", "Each fighter has a stamina gauge which results in a knockdown when fully depleted, with the player able to recover stamina while the opponent is down.", "Additionally, the player has a heart counter that decreases upon being hit or throwing a punch that is dodged or blocked.", "If the counter reaches zero, the player will be unable to attack and be vulnerable until they can successfully dodge an attack.", "A fight can end by knockout (KO) if a fighter is unable to rise within 10 seconds after being knocked down; by technical knockout (TKO), if a fighter is knocked down three times in one round; or by decision, if neither fighter achieves a KO or TKO after three rounds.", "Against certain opponents, the player can score an automatic KO by landing a Star Punch at the right moment, regardless of the opponent's stamina.", "The player can recover from being knocked down a maximum of three times per fight, but will lose on a fourth knockdown.", "Two single-player campaign options are available.", "The Career option begins in Contender mode, in which Little Mac must climb the ranks of the World Video Boxing Association by rising through the Minor, Major, and World Circuits.", "Once Mac wins the world championship title, the game enters the more challenging Title Defense mode; he must now defend his belt against the other fighters, who use new techniques and defenses (such as King Hippo protecting his stomach with a manhole cover).", "Completing Title Defense unlocks Mac's Last Stand, an endurance mode in which Mac faces off against an endless series of randomly chosen opponents, one of whom is Donkey Kong.", "Once Mac loses three times, he retires from boxing and the Career option for the player's save file will become disabled, requiring the player to create a new file to play this option again.", "The Exhibition option allows players to fight against any opponents they have already defeated in either Contender or Title Defense, attempting to complete unique achievements, or practice against a holographic image of their current opponent.", "If the player wins 10 fights in Mac's Last Stand, an additional Champions Mode option is unlocked for Exhibition, in which a single hit will knock Mac down.", "New to the series is a split-screen multiplayer mode between Little Mac and a recolored clone.", "When one of the players has gathered enough power by repeatedly dodging all moves unscathed, that player's character transforms into a giant known as \"Giga Mac\" for a limited time and the game shifts to the opponent's single-player view until he returns to normal.", "Doc Louis's Punch-Out!!", "is a standalone spin-off title and prequel, which was released on WiiWare as a Platinum reward for Club Nintendo members in North America on October 27, 2009.", "The game, which takes place years prior to the main game, sees Little Mac sparring with his coach, Doc Louis, through three matches of increasing difficulty; the player wins each match by knocking Doc down once in three rounds.", "The game features three difficulty levels: Warm-up, Training, and Sparring.", "The game features the same graphics, voice acting, and game engine as the Wii version of \"Punch-Out!!", "\", although it is not compatible with the Wii Balance Board.\n\"Doc Louis' Punch-Out!!\" was once again made available to Club Nintendo members on February 2, 2015, this time as a purchasable coin prize as part of the service's closing promotion.", "This was the first time in over five years that the game was made available through any means.", "The game was revealed in 2008 at the Nintendo Media Summit, where a fifteen-second trailer was shown.", "It was later announced that it was being developed by Next Level Games, which had partnered with Nintendo on games such as \"Super Mario Strikers\".", "Nintendo wished to make a new iteration similar to the original \"Punch-Out!!\"", "for the NES, so they asked the studio to design the gameplay to be exactly like it and the characters to look like the original games.", "This led to the studio designing the game with classic NES-style controls by using the Wii Remote turned sideways.", "Pre-production started when the Wii was released.", "At the time, Nintendo was discussing the idea with the studio.", "Soon after that, the studio created a prototype of the game.", "In an interview, the game's producer, Kensuke Tanabe, described the development as a collaborative effort between the people of Next Level Games and the people from Nintendo in Japan.", "As an example of this, Tanabe said that the roster of opponents that are in the game were chosen by people of both studios, Next Level wanting to include more NES characters.", "When asked about the challenges of bringing an old franchise to the current generation, the game's gameplay lead, Bryce Holliday, said that the most difficult thing to figure out was how to design the gameplay and where to locate the camera.", "The game has a cel shaded graphical style, which was a decision of Next Level.", "Both of the developers wanted to design the graphics in a way that would be immediately identifiable to any person who catches a glimpse of the game.", "They also wanted to invoke the style of the previous iterations while at the same time creating some new visuals.", "Holliday called the style \"the logical choice\".", "The inclusion of Donkey Kong was a suggestion from an employee of Nintendo of America, and Tanabe also wished to include Princess Peach, but that idea was abandoned because of the issue of violence towards women.", "The reason that there were not many notable Nintendo characters in the game is because the studio wanted to solidify the game's own respective universe.", "The Title Defense mode was designed to make the game more of a standalone game and not just a nostalgia title, and also to make the game longer.", "The developers liked this since it added more personality to the characters.", "The studio adjusted the difficulty level in order to make the game easier to pick up and play.", "The game's 2 player mechanic was a difficult task to create, according to Tanabe, because the series had no template to base it on.", "There were various additions to the game that were cut from the final product.", "One of these was online multiplayer, while another feature was the ability to move around the ring in a 3D environment.", "This idea was scrapped so that the game would have the same feel as the older games in the series.", "Other features include character customization, other RPG elements, and mini-games.", "\"Punch-Out!!\" received critical acclaim, averaging an 86/100 and an 87.29% at Metacritic and GameRankings, respectively.", "\"Nintendo Power's\" Chris Slate scored the game an 8.5/10 in the magazine's June 2009 issue, praising its similarity to the NES title of the same name.", "Slate stated \"The folks at Next Level Games have created an amazing title that has made the 15 years since \"Super Punch-Out!!\"", "quite worthwhile.\"", "However, he said that the new additions did not affect the game.", "\"Game Informer\" gave \"Punch-Out!!\"", "a 9/10.", "\"IGN\"'s Craig Harris gave this game an 8.8/10, citing its nostalgic gameplay.", "Sumantra Lahiri of The Escapist also praised its nostalgic value, but suggested that the stereotypes exhibited by the characters that seemed harmless in the 1980s version had not aged well when early 21st century attitudes towards cultural and racial sensitivity were taken into account.", "The game sold 1.27 million copies worldwide, and was re-released under the Nintendo Selects banner." ]

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[ "It was also a commercial success for Nintendo, selling 1.27 million copies worldwide." ]

[ "The Norddeutscher Regatta Verein was established in 1868.", "Since that year it has taken part in many international yacht racing competitions.", "In 2003 Norddeutscher Regatta Verein initiated a transatlantic regatta known as DaimlerChrysler North Atlantic Challenge (DCNAC) together with the New York Yacht Club.", "This event was staged to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the \"Hamburgischen Verein Seefahrt\" (HVS).", "In 2007 Norddeutscher Regatta Verein organized another transatlantic regatta, the HSH Nordbank blue race from Newport, Rhode Island to Cuxhaven.", "The yacht club is one of the leading members of the International Council of Yacht Clubs, which was established in 2006." ]

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[ "Norddeutscher Regatta Verein (NRV), approx.", "meaning \"North German Regatta Club\", is a yacht club in Germany." ]

[ "He was born on December 18, 1927, in Bacolod, the son of Vicente Varela, a judge from Bago within the same province of Negros Occidental.", "He is a direct descendant of Gregorio Varela, a Spaniard who was one of Bago's founding fathers, and through Gregorio's wife Josefa Araneta he is a member of the Araneta family.", "Varela attended the Colegio Del Sagrado Corazon in Iloilo City for kindergarten, and the Iloilo Normal School for half of his elementary years.", "When his father was appointed a provincial judge in Surigao, he transferred to the Surigao Elementary School.", "The family later moved to Sorsogon when his father was reassigned.", "He studied at the Sorsogon National High School between 1946 and 1949, after which he studied for three years at the Our Lady of Peñafrancia Minor Seminary.", "Later, he also studied in the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, earning a Ph.L. degree in 1952.", "Between 1958 and 1961 he completed coursework at the University of the Angelicum in Rome.\nVarela was ordained on March 17, 1956 in Cebu City, where his father last served as a Provincial Judge.", "He joined the Society of Jesus, following in the footsteps of his older brother Mariano, who was a Jesuit priest.", "Later on his two younger sisters and one of his cousins became nuns.", "The latest in the family to join the religious service is his nephew Richard Varela of the Salesian Order.", "His family is also involved in government, his nephew the late Francis Varela served as Undersecretary for Finance of the Department of Education (Philippines), and his cousin the late Jose Varela served as Congressman-at-large for Negros Occidental.", "In addition to his service as a bishop, Varela was involved in broadcasting.", "In 1972, he served as the Vice President of UNDA, a Catholic radio and television organization, and in 1974 he became its president.", "He was also President of the Philippine Federation of Catholic Broadcasters, and used this position to criticize President Ferdinand Marcos, at a time when all media were censored or under the direct control of the government.", "He also served as Chairman of the Episcopal Commission on Family and Life, of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, and was a member of its permanent council (to which all Filipino Roman Catholic bishops belong)." ]

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[ "Jesus Y. Varela (December 18, 1927 – February 23, 2018) was a Filipino prelate of the Catholic Church.", "He was appointed bishop of Sorsogon on November 27, 1980." ]

[ "Srerampur is basically an industrial constituency with an agricultural hinterland.", "The Howrah-Hooghly industrial belt on the west bank of the Hooghly river covers the Howrah, Hooghly and Srerampur constituency.", "According to \"The Hindu\", Serampore and Howrah constituencies have more than 25% non-Bengali voters with their roots in Rajasthan, Bihar or Uttar Pradesh.", "As per order of the Delimitation Commission issued in 2006 in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, parliamentary constituency no. 27 Sreerampur is composed of the following segments:\nPrior to delimitation Serampore Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments:Jagatballavpur (assembly constituency no. 167), Panchla (assembly constituency no. 168), Jangipara (assembly constituency no. 177), Chanditala (assembly constituency no. 178), Uttarpara (assembly constituency no. 179), Sreerampur(assembly constituency no. 180), Champdani (assembly constituency no. 181)", "Most of the contests were multi-cornered.", "However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:", "A by-election was held in this constituency in 1981 which was necessitated by the Death of sitting MP Dinen Bhattacharya.", "In the by-election, Ajit Bag of CPIM defeated his nearest rival S.M Roy of Congress by 96,549 votes." ]

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[ "The constituency centres on Serampore in West Bengal." ]

[ "In 1887, construction began on a dormitory and gym for boys in Newberg for the Friends Pacific Academy, which became Pacific College in 1891.", "The then two-story building was completed that year and Herbert Hoover is believed to have then lived there for a few months into 1888.", "In 1892, the structure was moved ten blocks to its current location on the campus of what is now George Fox University by a house mover named Mr. Clark.", "After the move a third floor was added with the addition of a daylight basement, and the entire hall was then used as a dormitory for women.", "In 1939, known then as Kanyon Hall, it was renovated under the guidance of Donald W. Edmundson, Harlan Jones, and Laurence Skene.", "In 1962, the residence hall was converted into classroom space in a renovation led by Donald H. Lindren.", "In 1992, the school restored the upper floor with lighting and woodwork reminiscent of the original 1887 structure, and the following year, 1993, the Spring Break Quake knocked the chimney over and knocked plaster off the walls.", "Now Minthorn Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 13, 1997.", "The hall is named for Henry John and Laura Minthorn, early supporters of the college and Hoover's aunt and uncle.", "The family home, Hoover-Minthorn House, is also on the NRHP.", "Offices for faculty and a student center were added in 2004 to the oldest building on campus.", "In 2008, four students hung a cardboard cutout of Barack Obama in the tree outside the hall.", "The hanging of the then Democratic Party Presidential nominee's effigy led to the suspension of the students and other sanctions.", "The Colonial Revival style structure has two above-ground floors and a daylight basement for a total of three floors.", "Minthorn Hall's foundation is composed of bricks, with a coating of stucco on the exterior.", "The building is a wood-frame structure built with rough-hewn lumber and with cedar shake siding.", "Composition shingles are used on the roof." ]

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[ "Minthorn Hall is an academic building on the campus of George Fox University in Newberg, Oregon, United States.", "Built in 1887, the hall was moved ten blocks to its current location in 1892.", "The three-story frame building is the oldest building on the campus of the school, and was the first building of the Quaker school.", "Future President Herbert Hoover may have briefly lived in the structure prior to its conversion to a school building.", "The hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 13, 1997." ]

[ "As per order of the Delimitation Commission issued in 2006 in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, parliamentary constituency no. 30", "Tamluk is composed of the following segments:\nPrior to delimitation Tamluk Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments: Panskura East (assembly constituency no. 201), Tamluk (assembly constituency no. 202), Moyna (assembly constituency no. 203), Mahisadal (assembly constituency no. 204), Sutahata (SC) (assembly constituency no. 205), Nandigram (assembly constituency no. 206) and Narghat (assembly constituency no. 207).", "Most of the contests were multi-cornered.", "However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:" ]

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[ "Tamluk Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India.", "All the seven assembly segments under Tamluk Lok Sabha constituency are in Purba Medinipur district." ]

[ "The Thompson Brothers were raised in Norwell, Massachusetts.", "Andy Thompson told \"Country Standard Time\" that he gained an interest in country music after moving to an area of Massachusetts that had a country station.", "He, along with his brother Matt and bassist Mike Whitty, then formed a band which played at venues throughout New England.", "Many of the venues that they played had also hosted Jo Dee Messina.", "After moving to Nashville, Tennessee, the band attended Belmont University.", "They attended a listening party held by RCA Nashville for Jon Randall, where a friend put a demo tape of theirs in to test a public address system.", "After an RCA representative heard the tape, he helped them sign with the label.", "RCA released a six-song extended play titled \"Cows on Mainstreet\" in 1996.", "The album featured four studio tracks and two live recordings.", "\"Blame It on the Dog\", the band's first full album, followed in 1998.", "RCA promoted the album to radio stations by shipping out a \"cool disc\" containing four songs from it.", "\"Blame It on the Dog\" produced the singles \"Drive Me Crazy\" and \"Back on the Farm\".", "The band produced the album with Bill Lloyd of Foster & Lloyd.", "It received a mostly-positive review from \"Billboard\", which praised the \"bright, crisp production\" and vocal harmonies." ]

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[ "The Thompson Brothers Band was an American country music group formed in 1996.", "The band consisted of brothers Andy Thompson (lead vocals) and Matt Thompson (drums) along with Mike Whitty (bass guitar).", "They recorded for RCA Nashville in the 1990s, releasing one album, an extended play, and two singles." ]

[ "From at least the early 19th Century, Black Rock was the site of an inn and a few houses overlooking cliffs to the east of the then town of Brighton.", "In 1922, Ralph Seymor, signal officer for Admiral David Beatty during WW 1, committed suicide at Black Rock, by jumping into the sea.", "In 1936 an Art Deco Lido was constructed at beach level, but this was closed in 1978 and demolished in 1979, having been run down ever since its closure during World War II.", "The area is served by an extension of the Volk's Electric Railway, which has remained in use thanks to the proximity of the marina, although the line was shortened when the marina and associated coastal defences were built in the early 1970s.", "The cliff-top houses were also lost to allow for the marina's approach roads.", "A new Black Rock railway terminus station was constructed in the 1990s, controversially slightly off-centre when compared with the terraces behind it which lead up to Lewes Crescent, Kemp Town.", "Brighton and Hove City Council have plans to develop the site with a predominantly leisure use.", "From 2007 there have been plans to construct a multi-purpose sports arena with adjacent ice rink, however in July 2012 the Council considered those plans were no longer viable and decided to seek a new development partner." ]

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[ "It was previously the site of a swimming pool that was demolished in the 1970s.", "There is also an area just to the East of the Marina that is known as Black Rock." ]

[ "As per order of the Delimitation Commission issued in 2006 in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, parliamentary constituency no. 26 Uluberia is composed of the following segments:", "Source:Source", "Most of the contests were multi-cornered.", "However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India.", "The constituency centres on Uluberia in West Bengal.", "All the seven assembly segments of No. 26" ]

[ "In the not-too-distant future, androids have come into common usage.", "Rikuo Sakisaka, who has taken robots for granted for his entire life, one day discovers that Sammy, his home android, has been acting independently and coming and going on her own.", "He finds a strange phrase recorded in her activity log, \"Are you enjoying the Time of Eve?\".", "He, along with his friend Masakazu Masaki, trace Sammy's movements and finds an unusual cafe, \"The Time of Eve\".", "Nagi, the barista, informs them that the cafe's main rule is to not discriminate between humans and androids.", "Within the cafe, androids do not display their status rings, and, when patrons depart, the door is automatically locked for two minutes to prevent someone from following them to discover their true nature.", "The first few episodes involve conversations between Rikuo (usually accompanied by Masaki) and the cafe regulars: the bubbly Akiko, child Chie and her elderly guardian, the lovers Koji and Rina, and others.", "These conversations make frequent allusion to Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, often highlighting surprising interpretations of those laws, some of which form apparent loopholes.", "The overarching plot involves the beginnings of independence displayed by the androids, what they do with that independence within the bounds of the three laws, and what motivates them.", "Secondary plots involve the individual stories of each android the protagonists encounter in the cafe, and how they come to discover which patrons are androids and which are not.", "Rikuo is a high school student and a very talented piano player.", "After winning the grand prize at a competition where a robot was the guest pianist, he decides to give up playing, since the robot played so well that he was moved by the performance.", "Like most other people, he treats robots and androids like appliances.", "He becomes curious of Sammy's activities when he notices that she comes and goes from the apartment at odd times.", "While reviewing her activity and GPS log, he finds an entry that says, \"Are you enjoying the Time of EVE?\"", "Retracing her steps, he discovers the cafe, Time of Eve, where humans and robots are treated as equals.", "Initially fearful of Sammy's independence, he begins to learn that she is more human than he first thought.", "This enables him to let go of his former prejudice against androids and take up the piano once more.", "His father consistently calls him Masakazu or Masa, although Akiko once refers to him as Masa.", "Everyone else simply calls him Masaki.", "Masaki is Rikuo's best friend and an honors student.", "Masaki claims not to have robots at home but in fact has a household robot designated THX, whom he calls Tex.", "He distrusts robots and helps Rikuo to investigate Sammy's covert activities.", "His distrust of robots stems from feeling betrayed by Tex as a child.", "Tex was Masaki's primary source of emotional support at a time when his mother and father were separating.", "However, Masaki's father, an anti-robot activist, commanded the robot never to speak again.", "Masaki blames Tex for being undependable at a time he needed him the most and believes they are incapable of emotions and empathy.", "At the film's conclusion, Tex was able to defend Masaki from an android sent by the Ethics Committee.", "At the same time he was able to relay his true thoughts and emotions that he was holding back for several years.", "This resulted in Masaki accepting androids once more.", "Sammy is the Sakisaka family's household android, who has the appearance of a young woman.", "At home, Sammy's behavior is passive and emotionless.", "At the Time of Eve, she refers to Rikuo, Naoko, and their parents as her family.", "She wishes to make the members of her family happy, but is aware that demonstrating independence, even for their benefit unsettles Rikuo who is the only one aware.", "Sammy therefore lies about doing anything out of the ordinary when Rikuo questions her activities.", "While Sammy appears emotionless as an android, she is very insecure and afraid of hurting others, especially Rikuo.", "She would therefore do things covertly such as taking detours during her regular schedules or attempting the piano late at night when no one is awake.", "Nagi is the barista at the Time of Eve.", "She carefully manages the coffee shop and enforces the rule that there must be no discrimination between humans and robots.", "Nagi is occasionally unsure of how to handle some of the situations that occur in the cafe, leaving open the question as to whether she is an android for most of the series.", "It is eventually revealed that, as a child of five, she is the human that the Ethics Committee injured in the notorious Tokisaka Incident 8 years prior to the series.", "After the credits, Nagi was seen entering a house (assuming hers, because she said \"Tadaima\", which means \"I'm home\" in English).", "She was then shown talking to Shiotsuki, her father, who was the original creator of androids.", "She told him he should be happy because his \"children\" (androids) are laughing along with humans out there, and soon it'll extend beyond the cafe.", "Akiko is the first customer whom Rikuo and Masaki meet at the Time of Eve.", "She talks very fast, asks a lot of questions, and jokes around.", "While at first thought to be human, Akiko is later revealed to be an android when she goes to greet her master at Rikuo's school.", "Like Sammy, outside the cafe she is passive and emotionless, even to Rikuo and Masaki.", "Although passive to the duo, Akiko is aware of them as she is seen secretly smiling after walking past their window.", "Along with Rina, Koji is a customer that Rikuo and Masaki formally meet after Akiko.", "He is a male-form android whose master is a woman who prefers his company to that of human men.", "Believing that Rina is a human woman very similar to his master, he befriended Rina at the Time of Eve in order to learn how to be a better boyfriend to his master.", "Koji would later grow to like Rina for herself.", "He conceals his nature from Rina because he believes that she would leave him if she were to find out that he is an android.", "Koji was initially thought to be a human \"dori-kei\" for almost half the film as he carries their characteristics.", "This was later revealed to be false which opens up the possibility that love can form between androids the same way it does between humans.", "Rina is a female-form android bodyguard who has been illegally modified by her former master, an unidentified VIP, to be capable of sexual activity.", "Her right leg was damaged during an assassination attempt on her master, at which point he abandoned her.", "Her leg malfunctions periodically, threatening to reveal her identity as an android.", "Since she's been illegally modified, she cannot go back to her manufacturer for repair without embarrassing her former master.", "Without a current master, she is technically on the run from the authorities.", "She befriends and falls in love with Koji as he is both kind and thoughtful.", "Rina believes that Koji is human and fears that he would abandon her if he were to find out that she is an android.", "Shimei is the foster parent of Chie.", "He is a prototype android designed to act in place of a human parent, undergoing a secret public test.", "Presumably, as an android being publicly tested in secret, he would not display a halo in public.", "However, he freely admits that he is an android, but only when Nagi (and Chie) cannot hear him do it.", "Shimei has yet to reveal his nature to Chie.", "Chie is a young girl of about four years old, although her age is never revealed.", "She loves to steal and hide the belongings of others in order to get them to play with her.", "Rikuo meets her, along with Shimei, when she becomes fascinated with Rikuo's glasses and soon steals and hides them.", "She is fond of declaring herself to be a cat.", "She does not understand why Shimei leaves her in the care of others once a month for his regular maintenance check and does not even suspect that he is an android.", "Setoro is a mysterious man who reads most of his time in the cafe.", "When Masaki tries to trail Setoro outside the cafe, Setoro easily evades him.", "While he initially reports to Dr. Ashimori that Masaki may be working for the Ethics Committee, he agrees that they would never send such an obvious and inept agent undercover.", "It is unclear whether he is human or android, but outside the cafe he has no halo over his head, suggesting that he is human.", "THX, or \"TEX\" is the household robot of Masaki Masakazu and his family.", "At first it is a mystery as to why THX remains completely silent except in cases of emergency.", "It is later revealed that after being overheard counseling young Masaki during his parents' breakup, THX was ordered in the sternest measure by Masaki's father to no longer speak.", "A strict command by a parent of a child supersedes all but danger to the child or another human.", "When such danger is perceived by THX several years later, it is able to warn its master of an infiltration android.", "His occupation was to look over his family's child.", "As an old model robot his response and speech functions are outdated, causing him to constantly question others' comments.", "Rikuo's older sister and a college student.", "She often stays out late at night drinking and partying and is embarrassed whenever Sammy comes to pick her up.", "Naoko accuses Rikuo of being a \"dori-kei\" as he begins to treat Sammy more openly.", "Atsuro Masaki is Masaki's father and is the Chief Information Officer of the non-governmental organization known as the Robot Ethics Committee, usually called simply the Ethics Committee, even in its own public advertisements.", "The Ethics Committee was once a radical anti-robot organization founded 10 years prior to the series, but was heavily censured after one of their activities harmed a human being.", "Since then, their activities have mostly been conducting anti-robot advertising campaigns advocating the segregation of humans and robots and encouraging the government and police to crack down on perceived violations of the Laws of Robotics.", "When he observed his young son and his household robot becoming friends, he ordered the robot never to speak again and told his son that it was broken.", "Dr. Ashimori is Setoro's supervisor, an influential person with access to protected information and is not a member of the Ethics Committee.", "Other than that, it is unclear what her role is, neither her motives behind sending Setoro to investigate the Time of Eve cafe.", "In the film, Dr Ashimori can be seen at various times again raising her purpose.", "She can be seen bashing an android with a pipe, visiting the Sakisaka family and arguing with Shiotsuki.", "On her desk, there is a book titled Android Promotion Committee which may be a counter force to the Ethics committee.", "Although it was never confirmed, the way this information was portrayed could certify that this is indeed the committee that both Dr Ashimori and Setoro are employed in.", "Throughout the film, indirect visual hints are shown that describe the events preceding the main story.", "Most details are seen through Sammy's reverse chronological flashbacks and the final chronological credit montage, although some information comes from brief displays of code seen throughout the film.", "What follows is an unconfirmed summary of the backstory formed by piecing together these visual clues with the rest of the plot.", "Shiotsuki created the initial android AI, code:life.", "Over time, tensions between robots and humans increased.", "Human anti-robot organizations were formed, including the Ethics Committee.", "Shiotsuki's bionic arms suggest that he was injured at some point by one of these groups.", "At some point, the Ethics Committee attacked Nagi and her robot in the mysterious Tokisaka Incident, causing her severe injury which includes the loss of her arms.", "Upon seeing what pain his robots (indirectly) caused her, Shiotsuki built her bionic limbs, seen in the final scene as subtle mechanical joints in her hand.", "Through the process of her rehabilitation, the two grew close.", "After Nagi fully recovered, she and Shiotsuki decided to do something about human and android relations, seeing how deeply this issue has affected each of them.", "Shiotsuki created a café sign which broadcasts the 1138 override protocol.", "This protocol has higher priority than the suppressive portions of the code:life AI and allows androids to act more freely, including removal of their halos.", "It also attracts androids to the café sign (\"Are you enjoying the Time of Eve?\").The protocol is spread from robot to robot.", "Shiotsuki and Nagi set up different cafés in the countryside as safe spaces to allow robots and humans to come together and socialize.", "However, the cafés were shut down and their patrons destroyed by anti-robot mobs, forcing them to try again at a different location.", "In response to these failures, Shiotsuki created the code:eve AI in an attempt to allow androids to better express their suppressed emotions and feelings.", "He argued with Ashimori, and future head of the pro-robot Android Promotion Committee (APC).", "She wouldn’t allow the line between machine and human to be blurred any further, causing Shiotsuki to leave the APC.", "His parting gift was the first prototype code:eve android, Sammy.", "Dr. Ashimori is forced to destroy Sammy, but regrets it.", "The APC repairs Sammy and Dr. Ashimori secretly allows her to live in an APC member’s (Rikuo’s father) house.", "Nagi and Shiotsuki moved to the city and set up the current \"Time of Eve\" café.", "Current APC activity is observational.", "Setoro, the man in the suit at the café, reports back to Dr. Ashimori.", "The anime, produced by Directions, Inc. and animated by Studio Rikka, is directed and composed by Yasuhiro Yoshiura, produced by Tom Nagae, music by Tohru Okada, and characters by Ryusuke Chayama.", "The first episode streamed on Yahoo!", "Japan on August 1, 2008 and ended on September 18, 2009, airing six episodes.", "Crunchyroll simulcasted the series shortly after the Yahoo!", "Japan premiere, both with English and French subtitles.", "DVDs of the episodes were released between January 1, 2009 and October 28, 2009, and was later released on Blu-ray on December 20, 2010.", "The ending theme in episode 6 is , performed by Rie Tanaka, the voice actress for Sammy.", "The song was later released in August 2009 as a single CD.", "Episodes 1–6 with English subtitles were released on Blu-ray Discs from January 1, 2011.", "A theatrical version, called , premiered on March 6, 2010 at Ikebukuro Theater in Tokyo and Umeda Theater in Osaka.", "The theatrical release version features a new theme song called \"I have a dream\", composed by Yuki Kajiura and performed by the pop-group Kalafina.", "Special-edition DVDs were distributed with pre-sold tickets in December 2009.", "A DVD/BD of the movie was released in Japan on July 28, 2010.", "A Kickstarter fundraiser was launched on May 23, 2013 for an international Blu-ray release of the film, with a goal of $18,000.", "The goal was easily achieved in less than 24 hours.", "A stretch goal was later announced, with a goal of $50,000.", "This goal was also achieved after only 60 hours.", "The final amount raised was over $215,000, over 1000% of the original $18,000 target.", "A manga adaptation of \"Time of Eve\" illustrated by Yuuki Ohta began serialization in Square Enix's manga magazine \"Young Gangan\" in its February 2010 Issue and finished in its March 2012 Issue.", "The manga has also been compiled into three volumes.", "A light novel adaptation called \"Time of Eve: Another Act\", written by Kei Mizuichi and illustrated by character designer Ryusuke Chayama, was published on March 18, 2010 by Shogakukan under its Gagagabunko imprint.", "An official fanbook was released in Japan in February 2010 by Kotobukiya.", "Shaddy Co. Ltd. is releasing an original EVLEND coffee blend based on the blend used in series.", "Asmik Ace Entertainment has published an iPhone application on January 10, 2012 called \"Time of Eve act0X\" with a story feature, coffee timer, and alarm.", "Awards/honors:", "Screenings:" ]

[ 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146 ]

[ "Produced by Studio Rikka and DIRECTIONS, Inc., the series streamed on Yahoo!", "Japan from August 1, 2008 to September 18, 2009, with simulcasts by Crunchyroll.", "A theatrical version of \"Time of Eve\" premiered in Japan on March 6, 2010." ]

[ "In the not-too-distant future, androids have come into common usage.", "Rikuo Sakisaka, who has taken robots for granted for his entire life, one day discovers that Sammy, his home android, has been acting independently and coming and going on her own.", "He finds a strange phrase recorded in her activity log, \"Are you enjoying the Time of Eve?\".", "He, along with his friend Masakazu Masaki, trace Sammy's movements and finds an unusual cafe, \"The Time of Eve\".", "Nagi, the barista, informs them that the cafe's main rule is to not discriminate between humans and androids.", "Within the cafe, androids do not display their status rings, and, when patrons depart, the door is automatically locked for two minutes to prevent someone from following them to discover their true nature.", "The first few episodes involve conversations between Rikuo (usually accompanied by Masaki) and the cafe regulars: the bubbly Akiko, child Chie and her elderly guardian, the lovers Koji and Rina, and others.", "These conversations make frequent allusion to Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, often highlighting surprising interpretations of those laws, some of which form apparent loopholes.", "The overarching plot involves the beginnings of independence displayed by the androids, what they do with that independence within the bounds of the three laws, and what motivates them.", "Secondary plots involve the individual stories of each android the protagonists encounter in the cafe, and how they come to discover which patrons are androids and which are not.", "Rikuo is a high school student and a very talented piano player.", "After winning the grand prize at a competition where a robot was the guest pianist, he decides to give up playing, since the robot played so well that he was moved by the performance.", "Like most other people, he treats robots and androids like appliances.", "He becomes curious of Sammy's activities when he notices that she comes and goes from the apartment at odd times.", "While reviewing her activity and GPS log, he finds an entry that says, \"Are you enjoying the Time of EVE?\"", "Retracing her steps, he discovers the cafe, Time of Eve, where humans and robots are treated as equals.", "Initially fearful of Sammy's independence, he begins to learn that she is more human than he first thought.", "This enables him to let go of his former prejudice against androids and take up the piano once more.", "His father consistently calls him Masakazu or Masa, although Akiko once refers to him as Masa.", "Everyone else simply calls him Masaki.", "Masaki is Rikuo's best friend and an honors student.", "Masaki claims not to have robots at home but in fact has a household robot designated THX, whom he calls Tex.", "He distrusts robots and helps Rikuo to investigate Sammy's covert activities.", "His distrust of robots stems from feeling betrayed by Tex as a child.", "Tex was Masaki's primary source of emotional support at a time when his mother and father were separating.", "However, Masaki's father, an anti-robot activist, commanded the robot never to speak again.", "Masaki blames Tex for being undependable at a time he needed him the most and believes they are incapable of emotions and empathy.", "At the film's conclusion, Tex was able to defend Masaki from an android sent by the Ethics Committee.", "At the same time he was able to relay his true thoughts and emotions that he was holding back for several years.", "This resulted in Masaki accepting androids once more.", "Sammy is the Sakisaka family's household android, who has the appearance of a young woman.", "At home, Sammy's behavior is passive and emotionless.", "At the Time of Eve, she refers to Rikuo, Naoko, and their parents as her family.", "She wishes to make the members of her family happy, but is aware that demonstrating independence, even for their benefit unsettles Rikuo who is the only one aware.", "Sammy therefore lies about doing anything out of the ordinary when Rikuo questions her activities.", "While Sammy appears emotionless as an android, she is very insecure and afraid of hurting others, especially Rikuo.", "She would therefore do things covertly such as taking detours during her regular schedules or attempting the piano late at night when no one is awake.", "Nagi is the barista at the Time of Eve.", "She carefully manages the coffee shop and enforces the rule that there must be no discrimination between humans and robots.", "Nagi is occasionally unsure of how to handle some of the situations that occur in the cafe, leaving open the question as to whether she is an android for most of the series.", "It is eventually revealed that, as a child of five, she is the human that the Ethics Committee injured in the notorious Tokisaka Incident 8 years prior to the series.", "After the credits, Nagi was seen entering a house (assuming hers, because she said \"Tadaima\", which means \"I'm home\" in English).", "She was then shown talking to Shiotsuki, her father, who was the original creator of androids.", "She told him he should be happy because his \"children\" (androids) are laughing along with humans out there, and soon it'll extend beyond the cafe.", "Akiko is the first customer whom Rikuo and Masaki meet at the Time of Eve.", "She talks very fast, asks a lot of questions, and jokes around.", "While at first thought to be human, Akiko is later revealed to be an android when she goes to greet her master at Rikuo's school.", "Like Sammy, outside the cafe she is passive and emotionless, even to Rikuo and Masaki.", "Although passive to the duo, Akiko is aware of them as she is seen secretly smiling after walking past their window.", "Along with Rina, Koji is a customer that Rikuo and Masaki formally meet after Akiko.", "He is a male-form android whose master is a woman who prefers his company to that of human men.", "Believing that Rina is a human woman very similar to his master, he befriended Rina at the Time of Eve in order to learn how to be a better boyfriend to his master.", "Koji would later grow to like Rina for herself.", "He conceals his nature from Rina because he believes that she would leave him if she were to find out that he is an android.", "Koji was initially thought to be a human \"dori-kei\" for almost half the film as he carries their characteristics.", "This was later revealed to be false which opens up the possibility that love can form between androids the same way it does between humans.", "Rina is a female-form android bodyguard who has been illegally modified by her former master, an unidentified VIP, to be capable of sexual activity.", "Her right leg was damaged during an assassination attempt on her master, at which point he abandoned her.", "Her leg malfunctions periodically, threatening to reveal her identity as an android.", "Since she's been illegally modified, she cannot go back to her manufacturer for repair without embarrassing her former master.", "Without a current master, she is technically on the run from the authorities.", "She befriends and falls in love with Koji as he is both kind and thoughtful.", "Rina believes that Koji is human and fears that he would abandon her if he were to find out that she is an android.", "Shimei is the foster parent of Chie.", "He is a prototype android designed to act in place of a human parent, undergoing a secret public test.", "Presumably, as an android being publicly tested in secret, he would not display a halo in public.", "However, he freely admits that he is an android, but only when Nagi (and Chie) cannot hear him do it.", "Shimei has yet to reveal his nature to Chie.", "Chie is a young girl of about four years old, although her age is never revealed.", "She loves to steal and hide the belongings of others in order to get them to play with her.", "Rikuo meets her, along with Shimei, when she becomes fascinated with Rikuo's glasses and soon steals and hides them.", "She is fond of declaring herself to be a cat.", "She does not understand why Shimei leaves her in the care of others once a month for his regular maintenance check and does not even suspect that he is an android.", "Setoro is a mysterious man who reads most of his time in the cafe.", "When Masaki tries to trail Setoro outside the cafe, Setoro easily evades him.", "While he initially reports to Dr. Ashimori that Masaki may be working for the Ethics Committee, he agrees that they would never send such an obvious and inept agent undercover.", "It is unclear whether he is human or android, but outside the cafe he has no halo over his head, suggesting that he is human.", "THX, or \"TEX\" is the household robot of Masaki Masakazu and his family.", "At first it is a mystery as to why THX remains completely silent except in cases of emergency.", "It is later revealed that after being overheard counseling young Masaki during his parents' breakup, THX was ordered in the sternest measure by Masaki's father to no longer speak.", "A strict command by a parent of a child supersedes all but danger to the child or another human.", "When such danger is perceived by THX several years later, it is able to warn its master of an infiltration android.", "His occupation was to look over his family's child.", "As an old model robot his response and speech functions are outdated, causing him to constantly question others' comments.", "Rikuo's older sister and a college student.", "She often stays out late at night drinking and partying and is embarrassed whenever Sammy comes to pick her up.", "Naoko accuses Rikuo of being a \"dori-kei\" as he begins to treat Sammy more openly.", "Atsuro Masaki is Masaki's father and is the Chief Information Officer of the non-governmental organization known as the Robot Ethics Committee, usually called simply the Ethics Committee, even in its own public advertisements.", "The Ethics Committee was once a radical anti-robot organization founded 10 years prior to the series, but was heavily censured after one of their activities harmed a human being.", "Since then, their activities have mostly been conducting anti-robot advertising campaigns advocating the segregation of humans and robots and encouraging the government and police to crack down on perceived violations of the Laws of Robotics.", "When he observed his young son and his household robot becoming friends, he ordered the robot never to speak again and told his son that it was broken.", "Dr. Ashimori is Setoro's supervisor, an influential person with access to protected information and is not a member of the Ethics Committee.", "Other than that, it is unclear what her role is, neither her motives behind sending Setoro to investigate the Time of Eve cafe.", "In the film, Dr Ashimori can be seen at various times again raising her purpose.", "She can be seen bashing an android with a pipe, visiting the Sakisaka family and arguing with Shiotsuki.", "On her desk, there is a book titled Android Promotion Committee which may be a counter force to the Ethics committee.", "Although it was never confirmed, the way this information was portrayed could certify that this is indeed the committee that both Dr Ashimori and Setoro are employed in.", "Throughout the film, indirect visual hints are shown that describe the events preceding the main story.", "Most details are seen through Sammy's reverse chronological flashbacks and the final chronological credit montage, although some information comes from brief displays of code seen throughout the film.", "What follows is an unconfirmed summary of the backstory formed by piecing together these visual clues with the rest of the plot.", "Shiotsuki created the initial android AI, code:life.", "Over time, tensions between robots and humans increased.", "Human anti-robot organizations were formed, including the Ethics Committee.", "Shiotsuki's bionic arms suggest that he was injured at some point by one of these groups.", "At some point, the Ethics Committee attacked Nagi and her robot in the mysterious Tokisaka Incident, causing her severe injury which includes the loss of her arms.", "Upon seeing what pain his robots (indirectly) caused her, Shiotsuki built her bionic limbs, seen in the final scene as subtle mechanical joints in her hand.", "Through the process of her rehabilitation, the two grew close.", "After Nagi fully recovered, she and Shiotsuki decided to do something about human and android relations, seeing how deeply this issue has affected each of them.", "Shiotsuki created a café sign which broadcasts the 1138 override protocol.", "This protocol has higher priority than the suppressive portions of the code:life AI and allows androids to act more freely, including removal of their halos.", "It also attracts androids to the café sign (\"Are you enjoying the Time of Eve?\").The protocol is spread from robot to robot.", "Shiotsuki and Nagi set up different cafés in the countryside as safe spaces to allow robots and humans to come together and socialize.", "However, the cafés were shut down and their patrons destroyed by anti-robot mobs, forcing them to try again at a different location.", "In response to these failures, Shiotsuki created the code:eve AI in an attempt to allow androids to better express their suppressed emotions and feelings.", "He argued with Ashimori, and future head of the pro-robot Android Promotion Committee (APC).", "She wouldn’t allow the line between machine and human to be blurred any further, causing Shiotsuki to leave the APC.", "His parting gift was the first prototype code:eve android, Sammy.", "Dr. Ashimori is forced to destroy Sammy, but regrets it.", "The APC repairs Sammy and Dr. Ashimori secretly allows her to live in an APC member’s (Rikuo’s father) house.", "Nagi and Shiotsuki moved to the city and set up the current \"Time of Eve\" café.", "Current APC activity is observational.", "Setoro, the man in the suit at the café, reports back to Dr. Ashimori.", "The anime, produced by Directions, Inc. and animated by Studio Rikka, is directed and composed by Yasuhiro Yoshiura, produced by Tom Nagae, music by Tohru Okada, and characters by Ryusuke Chayama.", "The first episode streamed on Yahoo!", "Japan on August 1, 2008 and ended on September 18, 2009, airing six episodes.", "Crunchyroll simulcasted the series shortly after the Yahoo!", "Japan premiere, both with English and French subtitles.", "DVDs of the episodes were released between January 1, 2009 and October 28, 2009, and was later released on Blu-ray on December 20, 2010.", "The ending theme in episode 6 is , performed by Rie Tanaka, the voice actress for Sammy.", "The song was later released in August 2009 as a single CD.", "Episodes 1–6 with English subtitles were released on Blu-ray Discs from January 1, 2011.", "A theatrical version, called , premiered on March 6, 2010 at Ikebukuro Theater in Tokyo and Umeda Theater in Osaka.", "The theatrical release version features a new theme song called \"I have a dream\", composed by Yuki Kajiura and performed by the pop-group Kalafina.", "Special-edition DVDs were distributed with pre-sold tickets in December 2009.", "A DVD/BD of the movie was released in Japan on July 28, 2010.", "A Kickstarter fundraiser was launched on May 23, 2013 for an international Blu-ray release of the film, with a goal of $18,000.", "The goal was easily achieved in less than 24 hours.", "A stretch goal was later announced, with a goal of $50,000.", "This goal was also achieved after only 60 hours.", "The final amount raised was over $215,000, over 1000% of the original $18,000 target.", "A manga adaptation of \"Time of Eve\" illustrated by Yuuki Ohta began serialization in Square Enix's manga magazine \"Young Gangan\" in its February 2010 Issue and finished in its March 2012 Issue.", "The manga has also been compiled into three volumes.", "A light novel adaptation called \"Time of Eve: Another Act\", written by Kei Mizuichi and illustrated by character designer Ryusuke Chayama, was published on March 18, 2010 by Shogakukan under its Gagagabunko imprint.", "An official fanbook was released in Japan in February 2010 by Kotobukiya.", "Shaddy Co. Ltd. is releasing an original EVLEND coffee blend based on the blend used in series.", "Asmik Ace Entertainment has published an iPhone application on January 10, 2012 called \"Time of Eve act0X\" with a story feature, coffee timer, and alarm.", "Awards/honors:", "Screenings:" ]

[ 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130 ]

[ "Produced by Studio Rikka and DIRECTIONS, Inc., the series streamed on Yahoo!", "Japan from August 1, 2008 to September 18, 2009, with simulcasts by Crunchyroll." ]

[ "In the not-too-distant future, androids have come into common usage.", "Rikuo Sakisaka, who has taken robots for granted for his entire life, one day discovers that Sammy, his home android, has been acting independently and coming and going on her own.", "He finds a strange phrase recorded in her activity log, \"Are you enjoying the Time of Eve?\".", "He, along with his friend Masakazu Masaki, trace Sammy's movements and finds an unusual cafe, \"The Time of Eve\".", "Nagi, the barista, informs them that the cafe's main rule is to not discriminate between humans and androids.", "Within the cafe, androids do not display their status rings, and, when patrons depart, the door is automatically locked for two minutes to prevent someone from following them to discover their true nature.", "The first few episodes involve conversations between Rikuo (usually accompanied by Masaki) and the cafe regulars: the bubbly Akiko, child Chie and her elderly guardian, the lovers Koji and Rina, and others.", "These conversations make frequent allusion to Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, often highlighting surprising interpretations of those laws, some of which form apparent loopholes.", "The overarching plot involves the beginnings of independence displayed by the androids, what they do with that independence within the bounds of the three laws, and what motivates them.", "Secondary plots involve the individual stories of each android the protagonists encounter in the cafe, and how they come to discover which patrons are androids and which are not.", "Rikuo is a high school student and a very talented piano player.", "After winning the grand prize at a competition where a robot was the guest pianist, he decides to give up playing, since the robot played so well that he was moved by the performance.", "Like most other people, he treats robots and androids like appliances.", "He becomes curious of Sammy's activities when he notices that she comes and goes from the apartment at odd times.", "While reviewing her activity and GPS log, he finds an entry that says, \"Are you enjoying the Time of EVE?\"", "Retracing her steps, he discovers the cafe, Time of Eve, where humans and robots are treated as equals.", "Initially fearful of Sammy's independence, he begins to learn that she is more human than he first thought.", "This enables him to let go of his former prejudice against androids and take up the piano once more.", "His father consistently calls him Masakazu or Masa, although Akiko once refers to him as Masa.", "Everyone else simply calls him Masaki.", "Masaki is Rikuo's best friend and an honors student.", "Masaki claims not to have robots at home but in fact has a household robot designated THX, whom he calls Tex.", "He distrusts robots and helps Rikuo to investigate Sammy's covert activities.", "His distrust of robots stems from feeling betrayed by Tex as a child.", "Tex was Masaki's primary source of emotional support at a time when his mother and father were separating.", "However, Masaki's father, an anti-robot activist, commanded the robot never to speak again.", "Masaki blames Tex for being undependable at a time he needed him the most and believes they are incapable of emotions and empathy.", "At the film's conclusion, Tex was able to defend Masaki from an android sent by the Ethics Committee.", "At the same time he was able to relay his true thoughts and emotions that he was holding back for several years.", "This resulted in Masaki accepting androids once more.", "Sammy is the Sakisaka family's household android, who has the appearance of a young woman.", "At home, Sammy's behavior is passive and emotionless.", "At the Time of Eve, she refers to Rikuo, Naoko, and their parents as her family.", "She wishes to make the members of her family happy, but is aware that demonstrating independence, even for their benefit unsettles Rikuo who is the only one aware.", "Sammy therefore lies about doing anything out of the ordinary when Rikuo questions her activities.", "While Sammy appears emotionless as an android, she is very insecure and afraid of hurting others, especially Rikuo.", "She would therefore do things covertly such as taking detours during her regular schedules or attempting the piano late at night when no one is awake.", "Nagi is the barista at the Time of Eve.", "She carefully manages the coffee shop and enforces the rule that there must be no discrimination between humans and robots.", "Nagi is occasionally unsure of how to handle some of the situations that occur in the cafe, leaving open the question as to whether she is an android for most of the series.", "It is eventually revealed that, as a child of five, she is the human that the Ethics Committee injured in the notorious Tokisaka Incident 8 years prior to the series.", "After the credits, Nagi was seen entering a house (assuming hers, because she said \"Tadaima\", which means \"I'm home\" in English).", "She was then shown talking to Shiotsuki, her father, who was the original creator of androids.", "She told him he should be happy because his \"children\" (androids) are laughing along with humans out there, and soon it'll extend beyond the cafe.", "Akiko is the first customer whom Rikuo and Masaki meet at the Time of Eve.", "She talks very fast, asks a lot of questions, and jokes around.", "While at first thought to be human, Akiko is later revealed to be an android when she goes to greet her master at Rikuo's school.", "Like Sammy, outside the cafe she is passive and emotionless, even to Rikuo and Masaki.", "Although passive to the duo, Akiko is aware of them as she is seen secretly smiling after walking past their window.", "Along with Rina, Koji is a customer that Rikuo and Masaki formally meet after Akiko.", "He is a male-form android whose master is a woman who prefers his company to that of human men.", "Believing that Rina is a human woman very similar to his master, he befriended Rina at the Time of Eve in order to learn how to be a better boyfriend to his master.", "Koji would later grow to like Rina for herself.", "He conceals his nature from Rina because he believes that she would leave him if she were to find out that he is an android.", "Koji was initially thought to be a human \"dori-kei\" for almost half the film as he carries their characteristics.", "This was later revealed to be false which opens up the possibility that love can form between androids the same way it does between humans.", "Rina is a female-form android bodyguard who has been illegally modified by her former master, an unidentified VIP, to be capable of sexual activity.", "Her right leg was damaged during an assassination attempt on her master, at which point he abandoned her.", "Her leg malfunctions periodically, threatening to reveal her identity as an android.", "Since she's been illegally modified, she cannot go back to her manufacturer for repair without embarrassing her former master.", "Without a current master, she is technically on the run from the authorities.", "She befriends and falls in love with Koji as he is both kind and thoughtful.", "Rina believes that Koji is human and fears that he would abandon her if he were to find out that she is an android.", "Shimei is the foster parent of Chie.", "He is a prototype android designed to act in place of a human parent, undergoing a secret public test.", "Presumably, as an android being publicly tested in secret, he would not display a halo in public.", "However, he freely admits that he is an android, but only when Nagi (and Chie) cannot hear him do it.", "Shimei has yet to reveal his nature to Chie.", "Chie is a young girl of about four years old, although her age is never revealed.", "She loves to steal and hide the belongings of others in order to get them to play with her.", "Rikuo meets her, along with Shimei, when she becomes fascinated with Rikuo's glasses and soon steals and hides them.", "She is fond of declaring herself to be a cat.", "She does not understand why Shimei leaves her in the care of others once a month for his regular maintenance check and does not even suspect that he is an android.", "Setoro is a mysterious man who reads most of his time in the cafe.", "When Masaki tries to trail Setoro outside the cafe, Setoro easily evades him.", "While he initially reports to Dr. Ashimori that Masaki may be working for the Ethics Committee, he agrees that they would never send such an obvious and inept agent undercover.", "It is unclear whether he is human or android, but outside the cafe he has no halo over his head, suggesting that he is human.", "THX, or \"TEX\" is the household robot of Masaki Masakazu and his family.", "At first it is a mystery as to why THX remains completely silent except in cases of emergency.", "It is later revealed that after being overheard counseling young Masaki during his parents' breakup, THX was ordered in the sternest measure by Masaki's father to no longer speak.", "A strict command by a parent of a child supersedes all but danger to the child or another human.", "When such danger is perceived by THX several years later, it is able to warn its master of an infiltration android.", "His occupation was to look over his family's child.", "As an old model robot his response and speech functions are outdated, causing him to constantly question others' comments.", "Rikuo's older sister and a college student.", "She often stays out late at night drinking and partying and is embarrassed whenever Sammy comes to pick her up.", "Naoko accuses Rikuo of being a \"dori-kei\" as he begins to treat Sammy more openly.", "Atsuro Masaki is Masaki's father and is the Chief Information Officer of the non-governmental organization known as the Robot Ethics Committee, usually called simply the Ethics Committee, even in its own public advertisements.", "The Ethics Committee was once a radical anti-robot organization founded 10 years prior to the series, but was heavily censured after one of their activities harmed a human being.", "Since then, their activities have mostly been conducting anti-robot advertising campaigns advocating the segregation of humans and robots and encouraging the government and police to crack down on perceived violations of the Laws of Robotics.", "When he observed his young son and his household robot becoming friends, he ordered the robot never to speak again and told his son that it was broken.", "Dr. Ashimori is Setoro's supervisor, an influential person with access to protected information and is not a member of the Ethics Committee.", "Other than that, it is unclear what her role is, neither her motives behind sending Setoro to investigate the Time of Eve cafe.", "In the film, Dr Ashimori can be seen at various times again raising her purpose.", "She can be seen bashing an android with a pipe, visiting the Sakisaka family and arguing with Shiotsuki.", "On her desk, there is a book titled Android Promotion Committee which may be a counter force to the Ethics committee.", "Although it was never confirmed, the way this information was portrayed could certify that this is indeed the committee that both Dr Ashimori and Setoro are employed in.", "Throughout the film, indirect visual hints are shown that describe the events preceding the main story.", "Most details are seen through Sammy's reverse chronological flashbacks and the final chronological credit montage, although some information comes from brief displays of code seen throughout the film.", "What follows is an unconfirmed summary of the backstory formed by piecing together these visual clues with the rest of the plot.", "Shiotsuki created the initial android AI, code:life.", "Over time, tensions between robots and humans increased.", "Human anti-robot organizations were formed, including the Ethics Committee.", "Shiotsuki's bionic arms suggest that he was injured at some point by one of these groups.", "At some point, the Ethics Committee attacked Nagi and her robot in the mysterious Tokisaka Incident, causing her severe injury which includes the loss of her arms.", "Upon seeing what pain his robots (indirectly) caused her, Shiotsuki built her bionic limbs, seen in the final scene as subtle mechanical joints in her hand.", "Through the process of her rehabilitation, the two grew close.", "After Nagi fully recovered, she and Shiotsuki decided to do something about human and android relations, seeing how deeply this issue has affected each of them.", "Shiotsuki created a café sign which broadcasts the 1138 override protocol.", "This protocol has higher priority than the suppressive portions of the code:life AI and allows androids to act more freely, including removal of their halos.", "It also attracts androids to the café sign (\"Are you enjoying the Time of Eve?\").The protocol is spread from robot to robot.", "Shiotsuki and Nagi set up different cafés in the countryside as safe spaces to allow robots and humans to come together and socialize.", "However, the cafés were shut down and their patrons destroyed by anti-robot mobs, forcing them to try again at a different location.", "In response to these failures, Shiotsuki created the code:eve AI in an attempt to allow androids to better express their suppressed emotions and feelings.", "He argued with Ashimori, and future head of the pro-robot Android Promotion Committee (APC).", "She wouldn’t allow the line between machine and human to be blurred any further, causing Shiotsuki to leave the APC.", "His parting gift was the first prototype code:eve android, Sammy.", "Dr. Ashimori is forced to destroy Sammy, but regrets it.", "The APC repairs Sammy and Dr. Ashimori secretly allows her to live in an APC member’s (Rikuo’s father) house.", "Nagi and Shiotsuki moved to the city and set up the current \"Time of Eve\" café.", "Current APC activity is observational.", "Setoro, the man in the suit at the café, reports back to Dr. Ashimori.", "The anime, produced by Directions, Inc. and animated by Studio Rikka, is directed and composed by Yasuhiro Yoshiura, produced by Tom Nagae, music by Tohru Okada, and characters by Ryusuke Chayama.", "The first episode streamed on Yahoo!", "Japan on August 1, 2008 and ended on September 18, 2009, airing six episodes.", "Crunchyroll simulcasted the series shortly after the Yahoo!", "Japan premiere, both with English and French subtitles.", "DVDs of the episodes were released between January 1, 2009 and October 28, 2009, and was later released on Blu-ray on December 20, 2010.", "The ending theme in episode 6 is , performed by Rie Tanaka, the voice actress for Sammy.", "The song was later released in August 2009 as a single CD.", "Episodes 1–6 with English subtitles were released on Blu-ray Discs from January 1, 2011.", "A theatrical version, called , premiered on March 6, 2010 at Ikebukuro Theater in Tokyo and Umeda Theater in Osaka.", "The theatrical release version features a new theme song called \"I have a dream\", composed by Yuki Kajiura and performed by the pop-group Kalafina.", "Special-edition DVDs were distributed with pre-sold tickets in December 2009.", "A DVD/BD of the movie was released in Japan on July 28, 2010.", "A Kickstarter fundraiser was launched on May 23, 2013 for an international Blu-ray release of the film, with a goal of $18,000.", "The goal was easily achieved in less than 24 hours.", "A stretch goal was later announced, with a goal of $50,000.", "This goal was also achieved after only 60 hours.", "The final amount raised was over $215,000, over 1000% of the original $18,000 target.", "A manga adaptation of \"Time of Eve\" illustrated by Yuuki Ohta began serialization in Square Enix's manga magazine \"Young Gangan\" in its February 2010 Issue and finished in its March 2012 Issue.", "The manga has also been compiled into three volumes.", "A light novel adaptation called \"Time of Eve: Another Act\", written by Kei Mizuichi and illustrated by character designer Ryusuke Chayama, was published on March 18, 2010 by Shogakukan under its Gagagabunko imprint.", "An official fanbook was released in Japan in February 2010 by Kotobukiya.", "Shaddy Co. Ltd. is releasing an original EVLEND coffee blend based on the blend used in series.", "Asmik Ace Entertainment has published an iPhone application on January 10, 2012 called \"Time of Eve act0X\" with a story feature, coffee timer, and alarm.", "Awards/honors:", "Screenings:" ]

[ 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139 ]

[ "A theatrical version of \"Time of Eve\" premiered in Japan on March 6, 2010." ]

[ "Nair is of Indian descent and was born in Evanston, Illinois, and raised in Colleyville, Texas, going to school in Fort Worth.", "She graduated with a degree in journalism from the Medill School of Journalism, of Northwestern University.", "Nair wrote for \"Today's Chicago Woman\" magazine and was a reporter for Talk Radio News in Washington D.C. prior to pursuing television journalism.", "She began her career in television news at WGEM-TV, the NBC affiliate in Quincy, Illinois, as a general assignment reporter.", "She also worked for WYCC-TV, Chicago's PBS station, and Illinois' public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV station, Evanston Community Cable Channel.", "Next, Nair became an anchor and reporter for KOLN/KGIN-TV in Lincoln, Nebraska, where she anchored daily morning and afternoon newscasts.", "Then, she was lead evening reporter and anchor at KWGN-TV, the CW affiliate in Denver.", "She started at the station in July 2004 and reported on a wide range of topics, including the Jon Benet Ramsey murder investigation and the school shootings at Bailey, Colorado.", "Nair joined ABC News as an anchor/correspondent for ABC \"News Now\" in December 2007.", "In that role, she anchored live coverage and news briefs for ABC's digital network.", "Nair was co-anchor of \"World News Now\" and \"America This Morning\" on ABC, from September 17, 2008, until February 18, 2011.", "She was partnered with Jeremy Hubbard and later Rob Nelson on both shows.", "On Thursday, February 17, 2011, Nair announced that Friday, February 18, would be her last night on air at \"World News Now\".", "It would also be her last day with ABC News.", "Former KDVR Denver anchor Peggy Bunker was her immediate successor.", "The February 18 edition of \"World News Now\" paid tribute to Nair in each of its three segments, including appearances from current and former colleagues including Jeremy Hubbard.", "She treated the crew to a hot breakfast on her last day.", "Also, a brief send-off by Nelson to Nair was given at the conclusion of \"America This Morning\".", "In 2011, Nair worked at MSNBC in New York, as a newsreader on \"Martin Bashir\" and anchoring the early morning news programs \"Early Today\" on NBC and \"First Look\" on MSNBC.", "Vinita is most recently the former co-anchor of \"CBS This Morning Saturday\" alongside Anthony Mason.", "She was also a correspondent for CBS Newspath and was seen on the network as a substitute anchor for \"Up to the Minute\".", "An article published in \"Variety\" stated that Nair left CBS.", "On October 12 and 13, 2017, Nair guest anchored on Dallas-based ABC affiliate WFAA on \"News 8 Daybreak\" alongside \"World News Now\" and \"America This Morning\" alum Ron Corning.", "Nair married Osman Nawaz on October 10, 2009.", "The couple has a son who was born in 2012." ]

[ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 ]

[ "Vinita Chandra Nair is an American television journalist currently working for an NBC News affiliate in Texas.", "Nair is the former co-host of \"CBS This Morning Saturday\" alongside Anthony Mason." ]

[ "De Bruyne began his career with hometown club KVV Drongen in 1997.", "Two years later, he joined Gent and moved to Genk in 2005.", "De Bruyne continued his development in their youth set-up and was rewarded for his progress by being promoted to the first team squad in 2008.", "From an Interview with his youth club, it was revealed that De Bruyne was a Liverpool fan and admirer of Michael Owen.", "De Bruyne made his first team debut for Genk in a 3–0 defeat at Charleroi on 9 May 2009.", "Having established himself in the team the following season, on 7 February 2010, De Bruyne scored his first goal for the club, which secured all three points for Genk in a 1–0 win against Standard Liège.", "He scored five goals and made 16 assists in 32 league matches during the 2010–11 season as Genk were crowned Belgian champions for the third time.", "On 29 October 2011, De Bruyne scored his first hat-trick for Genk against Club Brugge, which ended in a 5–4 win for Genk.", "On 28 January 2012, De Bruyne scored a brace against OH Leuven in a 5–0 win.", "On 18 February 2012, De Bruyne scored his first goal back at Genk following his agreed transfer to Chelsea and also assisted the other goal in a 1–2 away win against Mons.", "De Bruyne ended the season by wrapping up the scoring in a 3–1 victory over Gent.", "He finished the league campaign with eight goals from 28 appearances.", "On 31 January 2012, on the winter transfer deadline day, Premier League club Chelsea and Genk announced the permanent signing of De Bruyne, with the fee rumoured to be in the region of £7 million.", "He signed a five-and-a-half-year contract at Stamford Bridge, but would stay at Genk for the remainder of the 2011–12 season.", "De Bruyne told the club website, \"To come to a team like Chelsea is a dream", "but now I have to work hard to achieve the level that's necessary.\"", "On 18 July 2012, De Bruyne made his debut for Chelsea in a friendly match against Major League Soccer (MLS) side Seattle Sounders FC in a 4–2 win.", "De Bruyne also played the first half against Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint-Germain at Yankee Stadium, New York City.", "On 31 July 2012, Chelsea announced that De Bruyne was to join Werder Bremen in the Bundesliga on a season-long loan deal.", "He scored his first goal for Bremen in a 3–2 defeat to Hannover 96 on 15 September, netting from 11 yards out after being played in by Eljero Elia.", "He continued his good form, scoring in Bremen's next game, a 2–2 draw with VfB Stuttgart, on 23 September.", "De Bruyne got back on the score sheet on 18 November, scoring the winning goal — despite his team being down to 10 men — as Bremen came from a goal down to defeat Fortuna Düsseldorf 2–1.\nDe Bruyne scored his first goal in over two months on 4 May 2013, since netting a consolation goal in Bayern Munich's 6–1 hammering of Bremen, putting his side up 2–0 at home to TSG 1899 Hoffenheim before a late brace from Sven Schipplock meant that the game finished 2–2.", "He followed this up with a goal in Bremen's next match, securing a place in the Bundesliga for the next season with a 1–1 draw against Eintracht Frankfurt on 11 May.", "After a successful loan spell in the Bundesliga with Werder Bremen, De Bruyne was linked with a move to stay in Germany with either Borussia Dortmund or Bayer Leverkusen.", "Incoming manager José Mourinho, however, assured De Bruyne he was a part of Chelsea's plan for the future, and the player officially returned to Chelsea on 1 July 2013.", "De Bruyne injured a knee while scoring his first goal for Chelsea, in a pre-season friendly game against a Malaysia XI, but was fit to make his competitive debut on the opening day of the 2013–14 Premier League season against Hull City, and made an assist for the first goal in a 2–0 win.", "On 18 January 2014, Wolfsburg signed De Bruyne for a fee of £18 million (€22 million).", "On 25 January 2014, he made his debut for Wolfsburg in a 3–1 home loss against Hannover 96.", "On 12 April 2014, De Bruyne assisted 2 goals in their 4–1 home win against 1. FC Nürnberg.", "After a week he scored his first goal for Wolfsburg in 3–1 away win against Hamburger SV.", "He also scored in the last two matches of the Bundesliga helping his team to win against VfB Stuttgart and Borussia Mönchengladbach.", "De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2014–15 season on 2 October 2014, volleying in a clearance from outside the box to salvage a 1–1 draw against Lille in the Europa League.", "In the third group match away to Krasnodar on 23 October, De Bruyne scored twice as Wolfsburg secured their first win in the competition with a 4–2 victory.", "On 30 January 2015, he scored another brace in a 4–1 home win against Bayern Munich, their first Bundesliga defeat since April 2014.", "On 1 March 2015, De Bruyne assisted three goals in a 5–3 win over his former club Werder Bremen.", "On 12 March 2015, De Bruyne scored two goals in a 3–1 first leg Europa League round of 16 victory over Internazionale.", "On 15 March 2015, he scored one goal and assisted another two in 3–0 victory over SC Freiburg.", "De Bruyne ended the league season with 10 goals and 21 assists, the latter a new Bundesliga record, as Wolfsburg finished second in the Bundesliga and qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League.", "On 30 May 2015, he started and scored in the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final as \"Die Wölfe\" defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–1 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.", "De Bruyne ended his breakout season with 16 goals and 27 assists in all competitions, and was named the 2015 Germany Footballer of the Year.", "De Bruyne began the season by winning the 2015 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich, providing the cross for Nicklas Bendtner's 89th-minute equaliser for a 1–1 draw and then scoring in the subsequent penalty shootout.", "On 8 August 2015, he continued his good form by scoring his first goal of the season, and providing two assists in a 4–1 win at Stuttgarter Kickers in the first round of the DFB-Pokal.", "In August, in the midst of transfer speculation, De Bruyne said that he would not force Wolfsburg to sell him, but also said that he could not ignore interest from Manchester City, saying: \"If an offer does come, I will hear about it and how much it is, but I have not yet heard anything...", "I would not go to England just to prove that I can play there.", "I do not have to go to England...", "If I go there it's because for me and for my family it is a good choice.", "That's the key for me.", "\"\nOn 10 August, it was reported that Manchester City had made a second bid for De Bruyne worth £47 million.", "Wolfsburg sporting director, Klaus Allofs, said the club would fight to keep him, saying \"I think some other clubs have definitely turned Kevin’s head...", "Some huge figures are doing the rounds and I can understand why Kevin is leaving everything open.\"", "On 27 August, it was reported that City had made a further bid for De Bruyne worth £58 million.", "Klaus Allofs said that City had made an \"astonishing\" wage offer to De Bruyne.", "On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six-year contract, for a reported club-record fee of £55 million (€75 million), making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014.", "He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing the injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute.", "On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2–1 loss.", "He went on to score in a 4–1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September and a 4–1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September.", "On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6–1 win against Newcastle United.", "On 2 October, De Bruyne was announced as one of the players on the longlist for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or award, alongside teammates Agüero and Yaya Touré.", "Just 18 days later, on 20 October he was revealed by FIFA as one of the players on the 23-man shortlist for the Ballon d'Or.", "On 21 October, De Bruyne scored an injury-time winner against Sevilla in the UEFA Champions League, to take City within one point of group leaders Juventus, with three games remaining.", "On 1 December, he scored a brace in a 4–1 win over Hull City to send Manchester City through to the semi-finals of the Football League Cup.", "On 27 January 2016, De Bruyne scored a goal in a League Cup semi-final 3–1 victory over Everton, but sustained an injury to his right knee that would keep him out of the team for two months.", "On 2 April, De Bruyne made his return from injury in a 4–0 win against Bournemouth at Dean Court, scoring the team's second goal in the twelfth minute.", "Four days later, he scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw with Paris Saint-Germain in the UEFA Champions League quarter-final first-leg at the Parc des Princes.", "On 12 April, De Bruyne scored the winning goal against Paris Saint-Germain, advancing Manchester City to the Champions League semi-finals, for the first time in the club's history, on an aggregate score of 3–2.", "Writing in \"The Independent\", Mark Ogden said, \"It was a stunning goal from the Belgian, who took a touch to control the ball before curling it beyond Kevin Trapp from the edge of the penalty area.\"", "De Bruyne's next goal came on 8 May 2016 in a 2–2 draw with Arsenal, although the result left City's Champions League qualification hopes out of their own hands.", "On 10 September 2016, De Bruyne scored and assisted in the first Manchester derby of the season which City won 2–1 and was awarded the \"Man of the Match\".", "On 17 September 2016, De Bruyne was awarded the \"Man of the Match\", in a 4–0 win over Bournemouth.", "De Bruyne scored the first, assisted the fourth, and provided key passes on both the second and third goals.", "After the international break, Manchester City drew their next game, against Everton, played on 15 October 2016 with the scoreline finishing at 1–1.", "Agüero and De Bruyne both missed their penalties while Nolito came off the bench to equalise for City.", "On 1 November, De Bruyne scored from a free kick in the team's 3–1 win over FC Barcelona.", "On 21 January 2017, De Bruyne was involved in both of City's goals, as he netted once himself and also assisted Leroy Sané's, in a 2–2 home draw with Tottenham Hotspur; he was subsequently named man of the match.", "On 19 March 2017, De Bruyne displayed an excellent performance in a 1–1 draw against Liverpool at the Etihad Stadium, where he set up a goal for Agüero.", "De Bruyne set up both Agüero's and Gabriel Jesus' goals, on 9 September 2017, in a 5–0 home victory over Liverpool.", "On 16 September, De Bruyne assisted Agüero for his first goal in an eventual 6–0 win over Watford.", "On 26 September, De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2017–18 season in a 2–0 win over Shakhtar Donetsk.", "On 30 September 2017, he scored his first goal of the 2017–18 Premier League season, as City beat his former club Chelsea with a 1–0 scoreline at Stamford Bridge.", "On 14 October, De Bruyne provided two assists in a 7–2 win over Stoke City.", "On 5 November, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Arsenal.", "On 18 November, he scored in a 2–0 away win over Leicester City.", "On 29 November, he scored City's opener and assisted Raheem Sterling's last-minute winner in a 2–1 win over Southampton.", "On 13 December, De Bruyne scored in a 4–0 away win over Swansea City, which extended their record run of consecutive top-flight wins to 15 games.", "On 16 December, he scored in a 4–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur, with Pep Guardiola saying that De Bruyne is \"helping the club become a better institution\".", "On 27 December, De Bruyne provided an assist for Sterling's goal in a 1–0 win over Newcastle United.", "On 9 January, De Bruyne scored in a 2–1 win over Bristol City in the first leg of the semi-finals of the EFL Cup.", "On 20 January, he provided an assist for Agüero's first goal of the game (who scored a hat-trick in the game), in a 3–1 win over Newcastle United.", "On 22 January 2018, De Bruyne signed a new long-term contract with the club, keeping him at the club until 2023.", "On 23 January, he scored the winning goal in a 3–2 win over Bristol City in the EFL Cup semi-final second leg, which helped City advance to the final, having won the tie by an aggregate scoreline of 5–3.", "On 31 January, he scored and assisted in a 3–0 win over West Bromwich Albion, and was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "On 10 February, he provided three assists, two for Agüero and one for Raheem Sterling, in a 5–1 win over Leicester City, taking his assists tally to 14.", "On 25 February, he started in the 2018 EFL Cup Final against Arsenal, and played the whole 90 minutes, with Manchester City winning 3–0 to obtain their first piece of silverware of the 2017–18 season, and their first trophy overall under Pep Guardiola.", "On 31 March 2018, he provided an assist for Gabriel Jesus in a 3–1 win over Everton, ensuring that City would require only one more win to secure the Premier League title.", "On 22 April, he scored in a 5–0 win over Swansea City.", "On 13 May, on the final day of the season, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' winning goal in a 1–0 win over Southampton, which took champions City's total points tally to 100.", "De Bruyne was also voted as BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "For his 16 assists registered across the league season, De Bruyne won the inaugural Premier League Playmaker of the Season award.", "He was also selected in the PFA Team of the Year, and was also voted as Manchester City Player of the Season.", "On 15 August 2018, De Bruyne suffered a knee injury during a training session, with several news websites reporting that he could potentially not play for up to three months.", "Two days later, Manchester City confirmed that he had suffered a lesion of the lateral collateral ligament in his right knee, with no surgery required, and that he was expected to not play for three months.", "Soon after De Bruyne returned to action in October 2018, he once again suffered a knee ligament injury in the fourth round of the EFL Cup against Fulham.", "The injury was expected to keep him out for 5–6 weeks but he resumed full training much earlier than expected after only 3 weeks out.", "He came on as substitute in the FA Cup final against Watford, scoring the third goal and assisting two more, as City won the first-ever domestic treble in English men's football.", "His performances meant he was named \"Man of the Match\".", "On 30 November 2019, De Bruyne scored a half-volley in a 2–2 draw against Newcastle in the league, that strike was later voted as Premier League Goal of the Month for November.", "On 15 December 2019, he scored a brace in a 3–0 Premier League win over Arsenal at the Emirates.", "De Bruyne scored his 50th City goal in all competitions on 26 February 2020 in their 2–1 victory, coming from behind, over Real Madrid in their Champions League Round of 16 clash.", "In the final Premier League match of the season, City beat Norwich City 5–0 at home.", "De Bruyne scored two goals and registered his 20th league assist, which equalled Thierry Henry's record for the most assists in a season, and also won his second Playmaker of the Season award.", "In addition he became the first player in history to reach 20 assists in a single season in two of Europe's top five leagues.", "His long range curler in that game also won him Premier League Goal of the Month for the second time in the season.", "At the end of the season he was awarded the Premier League Player of the Season after scoring 13 goals, providing 20 assists and creating 104 chances from open play, the most for a player in any of Europe's top five leagues since 2006.", "He was also named in the PFA Team of the Year and won the PFA Player of the Year award, becoming the first ever Manchester City player to win it.", "On 21 September 2020, De Bruyne scored and assisted in a 3–1 away win over Wolverhampton Wanderers in City's first game of the season.", "With the crucial visit of the Premier League champions, Liverpool, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' equalizer before winning a penalty, which he subsequently fired wide.", "The game ended in a 1–1 draw.", "On 7 April, De Bruyne signed a four-year contract after negotiating it with help of statistical data to make case for a 30% pay increase.", "On 25 April 2021, De Bruyne's free-kick was headed into the goal by Aymeric Laporte, allowing City to win 1–0 against Tottenham Hotspur in the EFL Cup Final at Wembley Stadium.", "On 28 April, he scored a goal in a 2–1 away win over Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League semi-finals.", "On 29 May, De Bruyne had a head injury after colliding with Antonio Rüdiger in the second half of the Champions League Final, to be substituted by Gabriel Jesus; however, his team lost 1–0 against his former club Chelsea.", "Medical scans after the game revealed De Bruyne to have suffered acute nose bone and left orbital fractures, placing doubt on his participation in the rescheduled UEFA Euro 2020 tournament.", "At the end of the season, Kevin was awarded with the PFA Player's Player Of The Year award.", "On 11 May 2022, De Bruyne scored four goals inside 24 minutes in City's 5–1 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers, his first hat-trick with the club and the third-quickest in Premier League history.", "Sky Sports commentator Andy Hinchcliffe described the feat as \"Twenty-three minutes of footballing genius\" and Jeremy Wilson, writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\", said \"De Bruyne's 'wrong-footed' hat-trick was one of the best displays in Premier League history\".", "De Bruyne was capped by Belgium at under-18, under-19, and under-21 level.", "He made his debut for the Belgian senior team on 11 August 2010 in an international friendly against Finland in Turku; the game ended in a 1–0 loss for Belgium.", "Before making his full debut for Belgium's senior side, De Bruyne was eligible to play for Burundi, his mother's birthplace.", "De Bruyne became a regular member of Belgium's team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, where he scored four goals as the Red Devils qualified for their first major tournament in 12 years.", "On 13 May 2014, he was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.", "In their first game of the tournament, against Algeria in Belo Horizonte, De Bruyne assisted Marouane Fellaini's equaliser and was named man of the match by FIFA.", "In the round of 16, De Bruyne scored Belgium's opening goal in the third minute of extra time as they defeated the United States 2–1.", "On 10 October 2014, De Bruyne scored twice in a 6–0 rout of Andorra in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, equaling the team's record victory in a European qualifier set in 1986.", "On 3 September 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "On 10 October 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 4–1 win over Andorra, which secured Belgium's place at the UEFA Euro 2016 finals.", "Three days later, he scored in a 3–1 win over Israel, securing Belgium top-spot in the group.", "On 31 May 2016, De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016.", "On 18 June 2016, De Bruyne was praised for his performance in Belgium's 3–0 win over the Republic of Ireland.", "On 26 June 2016, De Bruyne was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\" for his performance in a 4–0 win over Hungary in the round of 16, where he provided two assists.", "De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.", "On 18 June, in the opening game against debutants Panama, De Bruyne provided an assist for Romelu Lukaku in an eventual 3–0 win.", "On 6 July, he scored the second goal of the match in a 2–1 quarter-final victory over Brazil and was named the man of the match.", "In the semi-finals, Belgium were defeated 1–0 by eventual champions France.", "On 14 July, Belgium defeated England 2–0 in the third-place play-off.", "On 17 June 2021, De Bruyne scored his first and the winning goal in Belgium's second match of UEFA Euro 2020, a 2–1 win over Denmark.", "He had also previously assisted the team's first goal.", "During round of 16 clash with Portugal, De Bruyne suffered an ankle injury from a tackle from behind, by Portugal's Joao Palhinha.", "On 2 July Belgium manager Roberto Martinez said that De Bruyne could recover in time for the quarter-final match, later that day, despite not training all week and he was later confirmed in the starting line-up.", "De Bruyne is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world, and he has often been described as a \"complete\" footballer.", "Considered to be a versatile and highly talented player in the media, he plays mainly as a central or an attacking midfielder but can also operate in several other positions, and has been used as a winger or second striker; he has even been deployed in a deeper creative midfield position, or even in a box-to-box role on occasion, or as a false 9.", "He is often described by pundits as one of the best and most complete modern day advanced playmakers, due to his technique, skill, athleticism, work-rate off the ball, vision, crossing accuracy, wide range of passing, and powerful long-range shooting ability with either foot.", "Although he is not blessed with significant physical strength, pace, or ability in the air, he is a quick and elegant player on the ball, with good dribbling skills, while his positional sense, tactical intelligence, movement, direct style of play, and ability to run at defences when in possession also enable him to take advantage of spaces in the opposition's defence, and subsequently create chances and goalscoring opportunities for himself or his teammates, making him a dangerous offensive threat on counter-attacks.", "In addition to his creative abilities, he is also capable of scoring goals by making late runs off the ball from behind into the penalty area, and is an accurate set-piece taker.", "De Bruyne was ranked the fourth-best footballer in the world by \"The Guardian\" in 2017 and the twelfth-best in 2019.", "In 2020 his Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola described him as the best midfielder in the world.", "De Bruyne's mother is Belgian, born in Burundi and has also lived in the Ivory Coast.", "Drongen, his hometown, is a sub municipality of the city of Ghent, in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.", "Aside from his mother tongue Dutch, De Bruyne also speaks French, English, and German.", "Since 2014 De Bruyne has been in a relationship with Michèle Lacroix.", "The couple married in June 2017, and have three children together.", "His autobiography, titled \"Keep It Simple\", was published by Borgerhoff & Lamberigts in October 2014, following an incident between De Bruyne and his compatriot Thibaut Courtois, in which De Bruyne's then-girlfriend left him for Courtois.", "De Bruyne wrote in his autobiography, \"Although I still can not believe what Courtois has done, we continue to work together professionally.", "\"\nDe Bruyne was an ambassador for the 2014 Special Olympics, which took place in Antwerp, and was involved in a controversial advertisement campaign, via his personal Instagram account.", "Employing the slogan (in Dutch): \"Would you still be my fan if I looked like this?\", De Bruyne was depicted resembling a person with Down syndrome.", "\"As of match played 8 June 2022\"\n\"Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each De Bruyne goal\"", "Genk\n\nVfL Wolfsburg\n\nManchester City\n\n\nBelgium\nIndividual" ]

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[ "De Bruyne began his career at Genk, where he was a regular player when they won the 2010–11 Belgian Pro League.", "In 2012 he joined English club Chelsea, where he was used sparingly and then loaned to Werder Bremen.", "He signed with Wolfsburg for £18 million in 2014, where he established himself as one of the best players in the Bundesliga and was integral in the club's 2014–15 DFB-Pokal win.", "In the summer of 2015 De Bruyne joined Manchester City for a club record £54 million.", "He has since won four Premier League titles, five League Cups and an FA Cup with the club.", "In 2017–18 he had a significant role in Manchester City's record in becoming the only Premier League team to attain 100 points in a single season.", "In 2019–20, De Bruyne tied the record for most assists in a Premier League season and was awarded Player of the Season (which he won again in 2021–22).", "De Bruyne made his full international debut in 2010, and he has since earned over 90 caps and scored 24 goals for Belgium.", "De Bruyne has been named in the UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season five times, the IFFHS Men's World Team four times, the UEFA Team of the Year and the ESM Team of the Year three times each, the \"France Football\" World XI, and the Bundesliga Team of the Year.", "He has also won the Premier League Playmaker of the Season twice, the PFA Players' Player of the Year twice, Manchester City's Player of the Year four times, the UEFA Champions League Midfielder of the Season, the Bundesliga Player of the Year, the Footballer of the Year (Germany), the Belgian Sportsman of the Year and the IFFHS World's Best Playmaker twice." ]

[ "De Bruyne began his career with hometown club KVV Drongen in 1997.", "Two years later, he joined Gent and moved to Genk in 2005.", "De Bruyne continued his development in their youth set-up and was rewarded for his progress by being promoted to the first team squad in 2008.", "From an Interview with his youth club, it was revealed that De Bruyne was a Liverpool fan and admirer of Michael Owen.", "De Bruyne made his first team debut for Genk in a 3–0 defeat at Charleroi on 9 May 2009.", "Having established himself in the team the following season, on 7 February 2010, De Bruyne scored his first goal for the club, which secured all three points for Genk in a 1–0 win against Standard Liège.", "He scored five goals and made 16 assists in 32 league matches during the 2010–11 season as Genk were crowned Belgian champions for the third time.", "On 29 October 2011, De Bruyne scored his first hat-trick for Genk against Club Brugge, which ended in a 5–4 win for Genk.", "On 28 January 2012, De Bruyne scored a brace against OH Leuven in a 5–0 win.", "On 18 February 2012, De Bruyne scored his first goal back at Genk following his agreed transfer to Chelsea and also assisted the other goal in a 1–2 away win against Mons.", "De Bruyne ended the season by wrapping up the scoring in a 3–1 victory over Gent.", "He finished the league campaign with eight goals from 28 appearances.", "On 31 January 2012, on the winter transfer deadline day, Premier League club Chelsea and Genk announced the permanent signing of De Bruyne, with the fee rumoured to be in the region of £7 million.", "He signed a five-and-a-half-year contract at Stamford Bridge, but would stay at Genk for the remainder of the 2011–12 season.", "De Bruyne told the club website, \"To come to a team like Chelsea is a dream", "but now I have to work hard to achieve the level that's necessary.\"", "On 18 July 2012, De Bruyne made his debut for Chelsea in a friendly match against Major League Soccer (MLS) side Seattle Sounders FC in a 4–2 win.", "De Bruyne also played the first half against Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint-Germain at Yankee Stadium, New York City.", "On 31 July 2012, Chelsea announced that De Bruyne was to join Werder Bremen in the Bundesliga on a season-long loan deal.", "He scored his first goal for Bremen in a 3–2 defeat to Hannover 96 on 15 September, netting from 11 yards out after being played in by Eljero Elia.", "He continued his good form, scoring in Bremen's next game, a 2–2 draw with VfB Stuttgart, on 23 September.", "De Bruyne got back on the score sheet on 18 November, scoring the winning goal — despite his team being down to 10 men — as Bremen came from a goal down to defeat Fortuna Düsseldorf 2–1.\nDe Bruyne scored his first goal in over two months on 4 May 2013, since netting a consolation goal in Bayern Munich's 6–1 hammering of Bremen, putting his side up 2–0 at home to TSG 1899 Hoffenheim before a late brace from Sven Schipplock meant that the game finished 2–2.", "He followed this up with a goal in Bremen's next match, securing a place in the Bundesliga for the next season with a 1–1 draw against Eintracht Frankfurt on 11 May.", "After a successful loan spell in the Bundesliga with Werder Bremen, De Bruyne was linked with a move to stay in Germany with either Borussia Dortmund or Bayer Leverkusen.", "Incoming manager José Mourinho, however, assured De Bruyne he was a part of Chelsea's plan for the future, and the player officially returned to Chelsea on 1 July 2013.", "De Bruyne injured a knee while scoring his first goal for Chelsea, in a pre-season friendly game against a Malaysia XI, but was fit to make his competitive debut on the opening day of the 2013–14 Premier League season against Hull City, and made an assist for the first goal in a 2–0 win.", "On 18 January 2014, Wolfsburg signed De Bruyne for a fee of £18 million (€22 million).", "On 25 January 2014, he made his debut for Wolfsburg in a 3–1 home loss against Hannover 96.", "On 12 April 2014, De Bruyne assisted 2 goals in their 4–1 home win against 1. FC Nürnberg.", "After a week he scored his first goal for Wolfsburg in 3–1 away win against Hamburger SV.", "He also scored in the last two matches of the Bundesliga helping his team to win against VfB Stuttgart and Borussia Mönchengladbach.", "De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2014–15 season on 2 October 2014, volleying in a clearance from outside the box to salvage a 1–1 draw against Lille in the Europa League.", "In the third group match away to Krasnodar on 23 October, De Bruyne scored twice as Wolfsburg secured their first win in the competition with a 4–2 victory.", "On 30 January 2015, he scored another brace in a 4–1 home win against Bayern Munich, their first Bundesliga defeat since April 2014.", "On 1 March 2015, De Bruyne assisted three goals in a 5–3 win over his former club Werder Bremen.", "On 12 March 2015, De Bruyne scored two goals in a 3–1 first leg Europa League round of 16 victory over Internazionale.", "On 15 March 2015, he scored one goal and assisted another two in 3–0 victory over SC Freiburg.", "De Bruyne ended the league season with 10 goals and 21 assists, the latter a new Bundesliga record, as Wolfsburg finished second in the Bundesliga and qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League.", "On 30 May 2015, he started and scored in the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final as \"Die Wölfe\" defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–1 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.", "De Bruyne ended his breakout season with 16 goals and 27 assists in all competitions, and was named the 2015 Germany Footballer of the Year.", "De Bruyne began the season by winning the 2015 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich, providing the cross for Nicklas Bendtner's 89th-minute equaliser for a 1–1 draw and then scoring in the subsequent penalty shootout.", "On 8 August 2015, he continued his good form by scoring his first goal of the season, and providing two assists in a 4–1 win at Stuttgarter Kickers in the first round of the DFB-Pokal.", "In August, in the midst of transfer speculation, De Bruyne said that he would not force Wolfsburg to sell him, but also said that he could not ignore interest from Manchester City, saying: \"If an offer does come, I will hear about it and how much it is, but I have not yet heard anything...", "I would not go to England just to prove that I can play there.", "I do not have to go to England...", "If I go there it's because for me and for my family it is a good choice.", "That's the key for me.", "\"\nOn 10 August, it was reported that Manchester City had made a second bid for De Bruyne worth £47 million.", "Wolfsburg sporting director, Klaus Allofs, said the club would fight to keep him, saying \"I think some other clubs have definitely turned Kevin’s head...", "Some huge figures are doing the rounds and I can understand why Kevin is leaving everything open.\"", "On 27 August, it was reported that City had made a further bid for De Bruyne worth £58 million.", "Klaus Allofs said that City had made an \"astonishing\" wage offer to De Bruyne.", "On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six-year contract, for a reported club-record fee of £55 million (€75 million), making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014.", "He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing the injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute.", "On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2–1 loss.", "He went on to score in a 4–1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September and a 4–1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September.", "On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6–1 win against Newcastle United.", "On 2 October, De Bruyne was announced as one of the players on the longlist for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or award, alongside teammates Agüero and Yaya Touré.", "Just 18 days later, on 20 October he was revealed by FIFA as one of the players on the 23-man shortlist for the Ballon d'Or.", "On 21 October, De Bruyne scored an injury-time winner against Sevilla in the UEFA Champions League, to take City within one point of group leaders Juventus, with three games remaining.", "On 1 December, he scored a brace in a 4–1 win over Hull City to send Manchester City through to the semi-finals of the Football League Cup.", "On 27 January 2016, De Bruyne scored a goal in a League Cup semi-final 3–1 victory over Everton, but sustained an injury to his right knee that would keep him out of the team for two months.", "On 2 April, De Bruyne made his return from injury in a 4–0 win against Bournemouth at Dean Court, scoring the team's second goal in the twelfth minute.", "Four days later, he scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw with Paris Saint-Germain in the UEFA Champions League quarter-final first-leg at the Parc des Princes.", "On 12 April, De Bruyne scored the winning goal against Paris Saint-Germain, advancing Manchester City to the Champions League semi-finals, for the first time in the club's history, on an aggregate score of 3–2.", "Writing in \"The Independent\", Mark Ogden said, \"It was a stunning goal from the Belgian, who took a touch to control the ball before curling it beyond Kevin Trapp from the edge of the penalty area.\"", "De Bruyne's next goal came on 8 May 2016 in a 2–2 draw with Arsenal, although the result left City's Champions League qualification hopes out of their own hands.", "On 10 September 2016, De Bruyne scored and assisted in the first Manchester derby of the season which City won 2–1 and was awarded the \"Man of the Match\".", "On 17 September 2016, De Bruyne was awarded the \"Man of the Match\", in a 4–0 win over Bournemouth.", "De Bruyne scored the first, assisted the fourth, and provided key passes on both the second and third goals.", "After the international break, Manchester City drew their next game, against Everton, played on 15 October 2016 with the scoreline finishing at 1–1.", "Agüero and De Bruyne both missed their penalties while Nolito came off the bench to equalise for City.", "On 1 November, De Bruyne scored from a free kick in the team's 3–1 win over FC Barcelona.", "On 21 January 2017, De Bruyne was involved in both of City's goals, as he netted once himself and also assisted Leroy Sané's, in a 2–2 home draw with Tottenham Hotspur; he was subsequently named man of the match.", "On 19 March 2017, De Bruyne displayed an excellent performance in a 1–1 draw against Liverpool at the Etihad Stadium, where he set up a goal for Agüero.", "De Bruyne set up both Agüero's and Gabriel Jesus' goals, on 9 September 2017, in a 5–0 home victory over Liverpool.", "On 16 September, De Bruyne assisted Agüero for his first goal in an eventual 6–0 win over Watford.", "On 26 September, De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2017–18 season in a 2–0 win over Shakhtar Donetsk.", "On 30 September 2017, he scored his first goal of the 2017–18 Premier League season, as City beat his former club Chelsea with a 1–0 scoreline at Stamford Bridge.", "On 14 October, De Bruyne provided two assists in a 7–2 win over Stoke City.", "On 5 November, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Arsenal.", "On 18 November, he scored in a 2–0 away win over Leicester City.", "On 29 November, he scored City's opener and assisted Raheem Sterling's last-minute winner in a 2–1 win over Southampton.", "On 13 December, De Bruyne scored in a 4–0 away win over Swansea City, which extended their record run of consecutive top-flight wins to 15 games.", "On 16 December, he scored in a 4–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur, with Pep Guardiola saying that De Bruyne is \"helping the club become a better institution\".", "On 27 December, De Bruyne provided an assist for Sterling's goal in a 1–0 win over Newcastle United.", "On 9 January, De Bruyne scored in a 2–1 win over Bristol City in the first leg of the semi-finals of the EFL Cup.", "On 20 January, he provided an assist for Agüero's first goal of the game (who scored a hat-trick in the game), in a 3–1 win over Newcastle United.", "On 22 January 2018, De Bruyne signed a new long-term contract with the club, keeping him at the club until 2023.", "On 23 January, he scored the winning goal in a 3–2 win over Bristol City in the EFL Cup semi-final second leg, which helped City advance to the final, having won the tie by an aggregate scoreline of 5–3.", "On 31 January, he scored and assisted in a 3–0 win over West Bromwich Albion, and was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "On 10 February, he provided three assists, two for Agüero and one for Raheem Sterling, in a 5–1 win over Leicester City, taking his assists tally to 14.", "On 25 February, he started in the 2018 EFL Cup Final against Arsenal, and played the whole 90 minutes, with Manchester City winning 3–0 to obtain their first piece of silverware of the 2017–18 season, and their first trophy overall under Pep Guardiola.", "On 31 March 2018, he provided an assist for Gabriel Jesus in a 3–1 win over Everton, ensuring that City would require only one more win to secure the Premier League title.", "On 22 April, he scored in a 5–0 win over Swansea City.", "On 13 May, on the final day of the season, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' winning goal in a 1–0 win over Southampton, which took champions City's total points tally to 100.", "De Bruyne was also voted as BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "For his 16 assists registered across the league season, De Bruyne won the inaugural Premier League Playmaker of the Season award.", "He was also selected in the PFA Team of the Year, and was also voted as Manchester City Player of the Season.", "On 15 August 2018, De Bruyne suffered a knee injury during a training session, with several news websites reporting that he could potentially not play for up to three months.", "Two days later, Manchester City confirmed that he had suffered a lesion of the lateral collateral ligament in his right knee, with no surgery required, and that he was expected to not play for three months.", "Soon after De Bruyne returned to action in October 2018, he once again suffered a knee ligament injury in the fourth round of the EFL Cup against Fulham.", "The injury was expected to keep him out for 5–6 weeks but he resumed full training much earlier than expected after only 3 weeks out.", "He came on as substitute in the FA Cup final against Watford, scoring the third goal and assisting two more, as City won the first-ever domestic treble in English men's football.", "His performances meant he was named \"Man of the Match\".", "On 30 November 2019, De Bruyne scored a half-volley in a 2–2 draw against Newcastle in the league, that strike was later voted as Premier League Goal of the Month for November.", "On 15 December 2019, he scored a brace in a 3–0 Premier League win over Arsenal at the Emirates.", "De Bruyne scored his 50th City goal in all competitions on 26 February 2020 in their 2–1 victory, coming from behind, over Real Madrid in their Champions League Round of 16 clash.", "In the final Premier League match of the season, City beat Norwich City 5–0 at home.", "De Bruyne scored two goals and registered his 20th league assist, which equalled Thierry Henry's record for the most assists in a season, and also won his second Playmaker of the Season award.", "In addition he became the first player in history to reach 20 assists in a single season in two of Europe's top five leagues.", "His long range curler in that game also won him Premier League Goal of the Month for the second time in the season.", "At the end of the season he was awarded the Premier League Player of the Season after scoring 13 goals, providing 20 assists and creating 104 chances from open play, the most for a player in any of Europe's top five leagues since 2006.", "He was also named in the PFA Team of the Year and won the PFA Player of the Year award, becoming the first ever Manchester City player to win it.", "On 21 September 2020, De Bruyne scored and assisted in a 3–1 away win over Wolverhampton Wanderers in City's first game of the season.", "With the crucial visit of the Premier League champions, Liverpool, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' equalizer before winning a penalty, which he subsequently fired wide.", "The game ended in a 1–1 draw.", "On 7 April, De Bruyne signed a four-year contract after negotiating it with help of statistical data to make case for a 30% pay increase.", "On 25 April 2021, De Bruyne's free-kick was headed into the goal by Aymeric Laporte, allowing City to win 1–0 against Tottenham Hotspur in the EFL Cup Final at Wembley Stadium.", "On 28 April, he scored a goal in a 2–1 away win over Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League semi-finals.", "On 29 May, De Bruyne had a head injury after colliding with Antonio Rüdiger in the second half of the Champions League Final, to be substituted by Gabriel Jesus; however, his team lost 1–0 against his former club Chelsea.", "Medical scans after the game revealed De Bruyne to have suffered acute nose bone and left orbital fractures, placing doubt on his participation in the rescheduled UEFA Euro 2020 tournament.", "At the end of the season, Kevin was awarded with the PFA Player's Player Of The Year award.", "On 11 May 2022, De Bruyne scored four goals inside 24 minutes in City's 5–1 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers, his first hat-trick with the club and the third-quickest in Premier League history.", "Sky Sports commentator Andy Hinchcliffe described the feat as \"Twenty-three minutes of footballing genius\" and Jeremy Wilson, writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\", said \"De Bruyne's 'wrong-footed' hat-trick was one of the best displays in Premier League history\".", "De Bruyne was capped by Belgium at under-18, under-19, and under-21 level.", "He made his debut for the Belgian senior team on 11 August 2010 in an international friendly against Finland in Turku; the game ended in a 1–0 loss for Belgium.", "Before making his full debut for Belgium's senior side, De Bruyne was eligible to play for Burundi, his mother's birthplace.", "De Bruyne became a regular member of Belgium's team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, where he scored four goals as the Red Devils qualified for their first major tournament in 12 years.", "On 13 May 2014, he was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.", "In their first game of the tournament, against Algeria in Belo Horizonte, De Bruyne assisted Marouane Fellaini's equaliser and was named man of the match by FIFA.", "In the round of 16, De Bruyne scored Belgium's opening goal in the third minute of extra time as they defeated the United States 2–1.", "On 10 October 2014, De Bruyne scored twice in a 6–0 rout of Andorra in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, equaling the team's record victory in a European qualifier set in 1986.", "On 3 September 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "On 10 October 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 4–1 win over Andorra, which secured Belgium's place at the UEFA Euro 2016 finals.", "Three days later, he scored in a 3–1 win over Israel, securing Belgium top-spot in the group.", "On 31 May 2016, De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016.", "On 18 June 2016, De Bruyne was praised for his performance in Belgium's 3–0 win over the Republic of Ireland.", "On 26 June 2016, De Bruyne was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\" for his performance in a 4–0 win over Hungary in the round of 16, where he provided two assists.", "De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.", "On 18 June, in the opening game against debutants Panama, De Bruyne provided an assist for Romelu Lukaku in an eventual 3–0 win.", "On 6 July, he scored the second goal of the match in a 2–1 quarter-final victory over Brazil and was named the man of the match.", "In the semi-finals, Belgium were defeated 1–0 by eventual champions France.", "On 14 July, Belgium defeated England 2–0 in the third-place play-off.", "On 17 June 2021, De Bruyne scored his first and the winning goal in Belgium's second match of UEFA Euro 2020, a 2–1 win over Denmark.", "He had also previously assisted the team's first goal.", "During round of 16 clash with Portugal, De Bruyne suffered an ankle injury from a tackle from behind, by Portugal's Joao Palhinha.", "On 2 July Belgium manager Roberto Martinez said that De Bruyne could recover in time for the quarter-final match, later that day, despite not training all week and he was later confirmed in the starting line-up.", "De Bruyne is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world, and he has often been described as a \"complete\" footballer.", "Considered to be a versatile and highly talented player in the media, he plays mainly as a central or an attacking midfielder but can also operate in several other positions, and has been used as a winger or second striker; he has even been deployed in a deeper creative midfield position, or even in a box-to-box role on occasion, or as a false 9.", "He is often described by pundits as one of the best and most complete modern day advanced playmakers, due to his technique, skill, athleticism, work-rate off the ball, vision, crossing accuracy, wide range of passing, and powerful long-range shooting ability with either foot.", "Although he is not blessed with significant physical strength, pace, or ability in the air, he is a quick and elegant player on the ball, with good dribbling skills, while his positional sense, tactical intelligence, movement, direct style of play, and ability to run at defences when in possession also enable him to take advantage of spaces in the opposition's defence, and subsequently create chances and goalscoring opportunities for himself or his teammates, making him a dangerous offensive threat on counter-attacks.", "In addition to his creative abilities, he is also capable of scoring goals by making late runs off the ball from behind into the penalty area, and is an accurate set-piece taker.", "De Bruyne was ranked the fourth-best footballer in the world by \"The Guardian\" in 2017 and the twelfth-best in 2019.", "In 2020 his Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola described him as the best midfielder in the world.", "De Bruyne's mother is Belgian, born in Burundi and has also lived in the Ivory Coast.", "Drongen, his hometown, is a sub municipality of the city of Ghent, in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.", "Aside from his mother tongue Dutch, De Bruyne also speaks French, English, and German.", "Since 2014 De Bruyne has been in a relationship with Michèle Lacroix.", "The couple married in June 2017, and have three children together.", "His autobiography, titled \"Keep It Simple\", was published by Borgerhoff & Lamberigts in October 2014, following an incident between De Bruyne and his compatriot Thibaut Courtois, in which De Bruyne's then-girlfriend left him for Courtois.", "De Bruyne wrote in his autobiography, \"Although I still can not believe what Courtois has done, we continue to work together professionally.", "\"\nDe Bruyne was an ambassador for the 2014 Special Olympics, which took place in Antwerp, and was involved in a controversial advertisement campaign, via his personal Instagram account.", "Employing the slogan (in Dutch): \"Would you still be my fan if I looked like this?\", De Bruyne was depicted resembling a person with Down syndrome.", "\"As of match played 8 June 2022\"\n\"Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each De Bruyne goal\"", "Genk\n\nVfL Wolfsburg\n\nManchester City\n\n\nBelgium\nIndividual" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ]

[ "De Bruyne began his career at Genk, where he was a regular player when they won the 2010–11 Belgian Pro League." ]

[ "De Bruyne began his career with hometown club KVV Drongen in 1997.", "Two years later, he joined Gent and moved to Genk in 2005.", "De Bruyne continued his development in their youth set-up and was rewarded for his progress by being promoted to the first team squad in 2008.", "From an Interview with his youth club, it was revealed that De Bruyne was a Liverpool fan and admirer of Michael Owen.", "De Bruyne made his first team debut for Genk in a 3–0 defeat at Charleroi on 9 May 2009.", "Having established himself in the team the following season, on 7 February 2010, De Bruyne scored his first goal for the club, which secured all three points for Genk in a 1–0 win against Standard Liège.", "He scored five goals and made 16 assists in 32 league matches during the 2010–11 season as Genk were crowned Belgian champions for the third time.", "On 29 October 2011, De Bruyne scored his first hat-trick for Genk against Club Brugge, which ended in a 5–4 win for Genk.", "On 28 January 2012, De Bruyne scored a brace against OH Leuven in a 5–0 win.", "On 18 February 2012, De Bruyne scored his first goal back at Genk following his agreed transfer to Chelsea and also assisted the other goal in a 1–2 away win against Mons.", "De Bruyne ended the season by wrapping up the scoring in a 3–1 victory over Gent.", "He finished the league campaign with eight goals from 28 appearances.", "On 31 January 2012, on the winter transfer deadline day, Premier League club Chelsea and Genk announced the permanent signing of De Bruyne, with the fee rumoured to be in the region of £7 million.", "He signed a five-and-a-half-year contract at Stamford Bridge, but would stay at Genk for the remainder of the 2011–12 season.", "De Bruyne told the club website, \"To come to a team like Chelsea is a dream", "but now I have to work hard to achieve the level that's necessary.\"", "On 18 July 2012, De Bruyne made his debut for Chelsea in a friendly match against Major League Soccer (MLS) side Seattle Sounders FC in a 4–2 win.", "De Bruyne also played the first half against Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint-Germain at Yankee Stadium, New York City.", "On 31 July 2012, Chelsea announced that De Bruyne was to join Werder Bremen in the Bundesliga on a season-long loan deal.", "He scored his first goal for Bremen in a 3–2 defeat to Hannover 96 on 15 September, netting from 11 yards out after being played in by Eljero Elia.", "He continued his good form, scoring in Bremen's next game, a 2–2 draw with VfB Stuttgart, on 23 September.", "De Bruyne got back on the score sheet on 18 November, scoring the winning goal — despite his team being down to 10 men — as Bremen came from a goal down to defeat Fortuna Düsseldorf 2–1.\nDe Bruyne scored his first goal in over two months on 4 May 2013, since netting a consolation goal in Bayern Munich's 6–1 hammering of Bremen, putting his side up 2–0 at home to TSG 1899 Hoffenheim before a late brace from Sven Schipplock meant that the game finished 2–2.", "He followed this up with a goal in Bremen's next match, securing a place in the Bundesliga for the next season with a 1–1 draw against Eintracht Frankfurt on 11 May.", "After a successful loan spell in the Bundesliga with Werder Bremen, De Bruyne was linked with a move to stay in Germany with either Borussia Dortmund or Bayer Leverkusen.", "Incoming manager José Mourinho, however, assured De Bruyne he was a part of Chelsea's plan for the future, and the player officially returned to Chelsea on 1 July 2013.", "De Bruyne injured a knee while scoring his first goal for Chelsea, in a pre-season friendly game against a Malaysia XI, but was fit to make his competitive debut on the opening day of the 2013–14 Premier League season against Hull City, and made an assist for the first goal in a 2–0 win.", "On 18 January 2014, Wolfsburg signed De Bruyne for a fee of £18 million (€22 million).", "On 25 January 2014, he made his debut for Wolfsburg in a 3–1 home loss against Hannover 96.", "On 12 April 2014, De Bruyne assisted 2 goals in their 4–1 home win against 1. FC Nürnberg.", "After a week he scored his first goal for Wolfsburg in 3–1 away win against Hamburger SV.", "He also scored in the last two matches of the Bundesliga helping his team to win against VfB Stuttgart and Borussia Mönchengladbach.", "De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2014–15 season on 2 October 2014, volleying in a clearance from outside the box to salvage a 1–1 draw against Lille in the Europa League.", "In the third group match away to Krasnodar on 23 October, De Bruyne scored twice as Wolfsburg secured their first win in the competition with a 4–2 victory.", "On 30 January 2015, he scored another brace in a 4–1 home win against Bayern Munich, their first Bundesliga defeat since April 2014.", "On 1 March 2015, De Bruyne assisted three goals in a 5–3 win over his former club Werder Bremen.", "On 12 March 2015, De Bruyne scored two goals in a 3–1 first leg Europa League round of 16 victory over Internazionale.", "On 15 March 2015, he scored one goal and assisted another two in 3–0 victory over SC Freiburg.", "De Bruyne ended the league season with 10 goals and 21 assists, the latter a new Bundesliga record, as Wolfsburg finished second in the Bundesliga and qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League.", "On 30 May 2015, he started and scored in the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final as \"Die Wölfe\" defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–1 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.", "De Bruyne ended his breakout season with 16 goals and 27 assists in all competitions, and was named the 2015 Germany Footballer of the Year.", "De Bruyne began the season by winning the 2015 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich, providing the cross for Nicklas Bendtner's 89th-minute equaliser for a 1–1 draw and then scoring in the subsequent penalty shootout.", "On 8 August 2015, he continued his good form by scoring his first goal of the season, and providing two assists in a 4–1 win at Stuttgarter Kickers in the first round of the DFB-Pokal.", "In August, in the midst of transfer speculation, De Bruyne said that he would not force Wolfsburg to sell him, but also said that he could not ignore interest from Manchester City, saying: \"If an offer does come, I will hear about it and how much it is, but I have not yet heard anything...", "I would not go to England just to prove that I can play there.", "I do not have to go to England...", "If I go there it's because for me and for my family it is a good choice.", "That's the key for me.", "\"\nOn 10 August, it was reported that Manchester City had made a second bid for De Bruyne worth £47 million.", "Wolfsburg sporting director, Klaus Allofs, said the club would fight to keep him, saying \"I think some other clubs have definitely turned Kevin’s head...", "Some huge figures are doing the rounds and I can understand why Kevin is leaving everything open.\"", "On 27 August, it was reported that City had made a further bid for De Bruyne worth £58 million.", "Klaus Allofs said that City had made an \"astonishing\" wage offer to De Bruyne.", "On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six-year contract, for a reported club-record fee of £55 million (€75 million), making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014.", "He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing the injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute.", "On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2–1 loss.", "He went on to score in a 4–1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September and a 4–1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September.", "On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6–1 win against Newcastle United.", "On 2 October, De Bruyne was announced as one of the players on the longlist for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or award, alongside teammates Agüero and Yaya Touré.", "Just 18 days later, on 20 October he was revealed by FIFA as one of the players on the 23-man shortlist for the Ballon d'Or.", "On 21 October, De Bruyne scored an injury-time winner against Sevilla in the UEFA Champions League, to take City within one point of group leaders Juventus, with three games remaining.", "On 1 December, he scored a brace in a 4–1 win over Hull City to send Manchester City through to the semi-finals of the Football League Cup.", "On 27 January 2016, De Bruyne scored a goal in a League Cup semi-final 3–1 victory over Everton, but sustained an injury to his right knee that would keep him out of the team for two months.", "On 2 April, De Bruyne made his return from injury in a 4–0 win against Bournemouth at Dean Court, scoring the team's second goal in the twelfth minute.", "Four days later, he scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw with Paris Saint-Germain in the UEFA Champions League quarter-final first-leg at the Parc des Princes.", "On 12 April, De Bruyne scored the winning goal against Paris Saint-Germain, advancing Manchester City to the Champions League semi-finals, for the first time in the club's history, on an aggregate score of 3–2.", "Writing in \"The Independent\", Mark Ogden said, \"It was a stunning goal from the Belgian, who took a touch to control the ball before curling it beyond Kevin Trapp from the edge of the penalty area.\"", "De Bruyne's next goal came on 8 May 2016 in a 2–2 draw with Arsenal, although the result left City's Champions League qualification hopes out of their own hands.", "On 10 September 2016, De Bruyne scored and assisted in the first Manchester derby of the season which City won 2–1 and was awarded the \"Man of the Match\".", "On 17 September 2016, De Bruyne was awarded the \"Man of the Match\", in a 4–0 win over Bournemouth.", "De Bruyne scored the first, assisted the fourth, and provided key passes on both the second and third goals.", "After the international break, Manchester City drew their next game, against Everton, played on 15 October 2016 with the scoreline finishing at 1–1.", "Agüero and De Bruyne both missed their penalties while Nolito came off the bench to equalise for City.", "On 1 November, De Bruyne scored from a free kick in the team's 3–1 win over FC Barcelona.", "On 21 January 2017, De Bruyne was involved in both of City's goals, as he netted once himself and also assisted Leroy Sané's, in a 2–2 home draw with Tottenham Hotspur; he was subsequently named man of the match.", "On 19 March 2017, De Bruyne displayed an excellent performance in a 1–1 draw against Liverpool at the Etihad Stadium, where he set up a goal for Agüero.", "De Bruyne set up both Agüero's and Gabriel Jesus' goals, on 9 September 2017, in a 5–0 home victory over Liverpool.", "On 16 September, De Bruyne assisted Agüero for his first goal in an eventual 6–0 win over Watford.", "On 26 September, De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2017–18 season in a 2–0 win over Shakhtar Donetsk.", "On 30 September 2017, he scored his first goal of the 2017–18 Premier League season, as City beat his former club Chelsea with a 1–0 scoreline at Stamford Bridge.", "On 14 October, De Bruyne provided two assists in a 7–2 win over Stoke City.", "On 5 November, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Arsenal.", "On 18 November, he scored in a 2–0 away win over Leicester City.", "On 29 November, he scored City's opener and assisted Raheem Sterling's last-minute winner in a 2–1 win over Southampton.", "On 13 December, De Bruyne scored in a 4–0 away win over Swansea City, which extended their record run of consecutive top-flight wins to 15 games.", "On 16 December, he scored in a 4–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur, with Pep Guardiola saying that De Bruyne is \"helping the club become a better institution\".", "On 27 December, De Bruyne provided an assist for Sterling's goal in a 1–0 win over Newcastle United.", "On 9 January, De Bruyne scored in a 2–1 win over Bristol City in the first leg of the semi-finals of the EFL Cup.", "On 20 January, he provided an assist for Agüero's first goal of the game (who scored a hat-trick in the game), in a 3–1 win over Newcastle United.", "On 22 January 2018, De Bruyne signed a new long-term contract with the club, keeping him at the club until 2023.", "On 23 January, he scored the winning goal in a 3–2 win over Bristol City in the EFL Cup semi-final second leg, which helped City advance to the final, having won the tie by an aggregate scoreline of 5–3.", "On 31 January, he scored and assisted in a 3–0 win over West Bromwich Albion, and was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "On 10 February, he provided three assists, two for Agüero and one for Raheem Sterling, in a 5–1 win over Leicester City, taking his assists tally to 14.", "On 25 February, he started in the 2018 EFL Cup Final against Arsenal, and played the whole 90 minutes, with Manchester City winning 3–0 to obtain their first piece of silverware of the 2017–18 season, and their first trophy overall under Pep Guardiola.", "On 31 March 2018, he provided an assist for Gabriel Jesus in a 3–1 win over Everton, ensuring that City would require only one more win to secure the Premier League title.", "On 22 April, he scored in a 5–0 win over Swansea City.", "On 13 May, on the final day of the season, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' winning goal in a 1–0 win over Southampton, which took champions City's total points tally to 100.", "De Bruyne was also voted as BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "For his 16 assists registered across the league season, De Bruyne won the inaugural Premier League Playmaker of the Season award.", "He was also selected in the PFA Team of the Year, and was also voted as Manchester City Player of the Season.", "On 15 August 2018, De Bruyne suffered a knee injury during a training session, with several news websites reporting that he could potentially not play for up to three months.", "Two days later, Manchester City confirmed that he had suffered a lesion of the lateral collateral ligament in his right knee, with no surgery required, and that he was expected to not play for three months.", "Soon after De Bruyne returned to action in October 2018, he once again suffered a knee ligament injury in the fourth round of the EFL Cup against Fulham.", "The injury was expected to keep him out for 5–6 weeks but he resumed full training much earlier than expected after only 3 weeks out.", "He came on as substitute in the FA Cup final against Watford, scoring the third goal and assisting two more, as City won the first-ever domestic treble in English men's football.", "His performances meant he was named \"Man of the Match\".", "On 30 November 2019, De Bruyne scored a half-volley in a 2–2 draw against Newcastle in the league, that strike was later voted as Premier League Goal of the Month for November.", "On 15 December 2019, he scored a brace in a 3–0 Premier League win over Arsenal at the Emirates.", "De Bruyne scored his 50th City goal in all competitions on 26 February 2020 in their 2–1 victory, coming from behind, over Real Madrid in their Champions League Round of 16 clash.", "In the final Premier League match of the season, City beat Norwich City 5–0 at home.", "De Bruyne scored two goals and registered his 20th league assist, which equalled Thierry Henry's record for the most assists in a season, and also won his second Playmaker of the Season award.", "In addition he became the first player in history to reach 20 assists in a single season in two of Europe's top five leagues.", "His long range curler in that game also won him Premier League Goal of the Month for the second time in the season.", "At the end of the season he was awarded the Premier League Player of the Season after scoring 13 goals, providing 20 assists and creating 104 chances from open play, the most for a player in any of Europe's top five leagues since 2006.", "He was also named in the PFA Team of the Year and won the PFA Player of the Year award, becoming the first ever Manchester City player to win it.", "On 21 September 2020, De Bruyne scored and assisted in a 3–1 away win over Wolverhampton Wanderers in City's first game of the season.", "With the crucial visit of the Premier League champions, Liverpool, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' equalizer before winning a penalty, which he subsequently fired wide.", "The game ended in a 1–1 draw.", "On 7 April, De Bruyne signed a four-year contract after negotiating it with help of statistical data to make case for a 30% pay increase.", "On 25 April 2021, De Bruyne's free-kick was headed into the goal by Aymeric Laporte, allowing City to win 1–0 against Tottenham Hotspur in the EFL Cup Final at Wembley Stadium.", "On 28 April, he scored a goal in a 2–1 away win over Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League semi-finals.", "On 29 May, De Bruyne had a head injury after colliding with Antonio Rüdiger in the second half of the Champions League Final, to be substituted by Gabriel Jesus; however, his team lost 1–0 against his former club Chelsea.", "Medical scans after the game revealed De Bruyne to have suffered acute nose bone and left orbital fractures, placing doubt on his participation in the rescheduled UEFA Euro 2020 tournament.", "At the end of the season, Kevin was awarded with the PFA Player's Player Of The Year award.", "On 11 May 2022, De Bruyne scored four goals inside 24 minutes in City's 5–1 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers, his first hat-trick with the club and the third-quickest in Premier League history.", "Sky Sports commentator Andy Hinchcliffe described the feat as \"Twenty-three minutes of footballing genius\" and Jeremy Wilson, writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\", said \"De Bruyne's 'wrong-footed' hat-trick was one of the best displays in Premier League history\".", "De Bruyne was capped by Belgium at under-18, under-19, and under-21 level.", "He made his debut for the Belgian senior team on 11 August 2010 in an international friendly against Finland in Turku; the game ended in a 1–0 loss for Belgium.", "Before making his full debut for Belgium's senior side, De Bruyne was eligible to play for Burundi, his mother's birthplace.", "De Bruyne became a regular member of Belgium's team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, where he scored four goals as the Red Devils qualified for their first major tournament in 12 years.", "On 13 May 2014, he was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.", "In their first game of the tournament, against Algeria in Belo Horizonte, De Bruyne assisted Marouane Fellaini's equaliser and was named man of the match by FIFA.", "In the round of 16, De Bruyne scored Belgium's opening goal in the third minute of extra time as they defeated the United States 2–1.", "On 10 October 2014, De Bruyne scored twice in a 6–0 rout of Andorra in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, equaling the team's record victory in a European qualifier set in 1986.", "On 3 September 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "On 10 October 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 4–1 win over Andorra, which secured Belgium's place at the UEFA Euro 2016 finals.", "Three days later, he scored in a 3–1 win over Israel, securing Belgium top-spot in the group.", "On 31 May 2016, De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016.", "On 18 June 2016, De Bruyne was praised for his performance in Belgium's 3–0 win over the Republic of Ireland.", "On 26 June 2016, De Bruyne was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\" for his performance in a 4–0 win over Hungary in the round of 16, where he provided two assists.", "De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.", "On 18 June, in the opening game against debutants Panama, De Bruyne provided an assist for Romelu Lukaku in an eventual 3–0 win.", "On 6 July, he scored the second goal of the match in a 2–1 quarter-final victory over Brazil and was named the man of the match.", "In the semi-finals, Belgium were defeated 1–0 by eventual champions France.", "On 14 July, Belgium defeated England 2–0 in the third-place play-off.", "On 17 June 2021, De Bruyne scored his first and the winning goal in Belgium's second match of UEFA Euro 2020, a 2–1 win over Denmark.", "He had also previously assisted the team's first goal.", "During round of 16 clash with Portugal, De Bruyne suffered an ankle injury from a tackle from behind, by Portugal's Joao Palhinha.", "On 2 July Belgium manager Roberto Martinez said that De Bruyne could recover in time for the quarter-final match, later that day, despite not training all week and he was later confirmed in the starting line-up.", "De Bruyne is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world, and he has often been described as a \"complete\" footballer.", "Considered to be a versatile and highly talented player in the media, he plays mainly as a central or an attacking midfielder but can also operate in several other positions, and has been used as a winger or second striker; he has even been deployed in a deeper creative midfield position, or even in a box-to-box role on occasion, or as a false 9.", "He is often described by pundits as one of the best and most complete modern day advanced playmakers, due to his technique, skill, athleticism, work-rate off the ball, vision, crossing accuracy, wide range of passing, and powerful long-range shooting ability with either foot.", "Although he is not blessed with significant physical strength, pace, or ability in the air, he is a quick and elegant player on the ball, with good dribbling skills, while his positional sense, tactical intelligence, movement, direct style of play, and ability to run at defences when in possession also enable him to take advantage of spaces in the opposition's defence, and subsequently create chances and goalscoring opportunities for himself or his teammates, making him a dangerous offensive threat on counter-attacks.", "In addition to his creative abilities, he is also capable of scoring goals by making late runs off the ball from behind into the penalty area, and is an accurate set-piece taker.", "De Bruyne was ranked the fourth-best footballer in the world by \"The Guardian\" in 2017 and the twelfth-best in 2019.", "In 2020 his Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola described him as the best midfielder in the world.", "De Bruyne's mother is Belgian, born in Burundi and has also lived in the Ivory Coast.", "Drongen, his hometown, is a sub municipality of the city of Ghent, in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.", "Aside from his mother tongue Dutch, De Bruyne also speaks French, English, and German.", "Since 2014 De Bruyne has been in a relationship with Michèle Lacroix.", "The couple married in June 2017, and have three children together.", "His autobiography, titled \"Keep It Simple\", was published by Borgerhoff & Lamberigts in October 2014, following an incident between De Bruyne and his compatriot Thibaut Courtois, in which De Bruyne's then-girlfriend left him for Courtois.", "De Bruyne wrote in his autobiography, \"Although I still can not believe what Courtois has done, we continue to work together professionally.", "\"\nDe Bruyne was an ambassador for the 2014 Special Olympics, which took place in Antwerp, and was involved in a controversial advertisement campaign, via his personal Instagram account.", "Employing the slogan (in Dutch): \"Would you still be my fan if I looked like this?\", De Bruyne was depicted resembling a person with Down syndrome.", "\"As of match played 8 June 2022\"\n\"Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each De Bruyne goal\"", "Genk\n\nVfL Wolfsburg\n\nManchester City\n\n\nBelgium\nIndividual" ]

[ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 ]

[ "In 2012 he joined English club Chelsea, where he was used sparingly and then loaned to Werder Bremen." ]

[ "De Bruyne began his career with hometown club KVV Drongen in 1997.", "Two years later, he joined Gent and moved to Genk in 2005.", "De Bruyne continued his development in their youth set-up and was rewarded for his progress by being promoted to the first team squad in 2008.", "From an Interview with his youth club, it was revealed that De Bruyne was a Liverpool fan and admirer of Michael Owen.", "De Bruyne made his first team debut for Genk in a 3–0 defeat at Charleroi on 9 May 2009.", "Having established himself in the team the following season, on 7 February 2010, De Bruyne scored his first goal for the club, which secured all three points for Genk in a 1–0 win against Standard Liège.", "He scored five goals and made 16 assists in 32 league matches during the 2010–11 season as Genk were crowned Belgian champions for the third time.", "On 29 October 2011, De Bruyne scored his first hat-trick for Genk against Club Brugge, which ended in a 5–4 win for Genk.", "On 28 January 2012, De Bruyne scored a brace against OH Leuven in a 5–0 win.", "On 18 February 2012, De Bruyne scored his first goal back at Genk following his agreed transfer to Chelsea and also assisted the other goal in a 1–2 away win against Mons.", "De Bruyne ended the season by wrapping up the scoring in a 3–1 victory over Gent.", "He finished the league campaign with eight goals from 28 appearances.", "On 31 January 2012, on the winter transfer deadline day, Premier League club Chelsea and Genk announced the permanent signing of De Bruyne, with the fee rumoured to be in the region of £7 million.", "He signed a five-and-a-half-year contract at Stamford Bridge, but would stay at Genk for the remainder of the 2011–12 season.", "De Bruyne told the club website, \"To come to a team like Chelsea is a dream", "but now I have to work hard to achieve the level that's necessary.\"", "On 18 July 2012, De Bruyne made his debut for Chelsea in a friendly match against Major League Soccer (MLS) side Seattle Sounders FC in a 4–2 win.", "De Bruyne also played the first half against Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint-Germain at Yankee Stadium, New York City.", "On 31 July 2012, Chelsea announced that De Bruyne was to join Werder Bremen in the Bundesliga on a season-long loan deal.", "He scored his first goal for Bremen in a 3–2 defeat to Hannover 96 on 15 September, netting from 11 yards out after being played in by Eljero Elia.", "He continued his good form, scoring in Bremen's next game, a 2–2 draw with VfB Stuttgart, on 23 September.", "De Bruyne got back on the score sheet on 18 November, scoring the winning goal — despite his team being down to 10 men — as Bremen came from a goal down to defeat Fortuna Düsseldorf 2–1.\nDe Bruyne scored his first goal in over two months on 4 May 2013, since netting a consolation goal in Bayern Munich's 6–1 hammering of Bremen, putting his side up 2–0 at home to TSG 1899 Hoffenheim before a late brace from Sven Schipplock meant that the game finished 2–2.", "He followed this up with a goal in Bremen's next match, securing a place in the Bundesliga for the next season with a 1–1 draw against Eintracht Frankfurt on 11 May.", "After a successful loan spell in the Bundesliga with Werder Bremen, De Bruyne was linked with a move to stay in Germany with either Borussia Dortmund or Bayer Leverkusen.", "Incoming manager José Mourinho, however, assured De Bruyne he was a part of Chelsea's plan for the future, and the player officially returned to Chelsea on 1 July 2013.", "De Bruyne injured a knee while scoring his first goal for Chelsea, in a pre-season friendly game against a Malaysia XI, but was fit to make his competitive debut on the opening day of the 2013–14 Premier League season against Hull City, and made an assist for the first goal in a 2–0 win.", "On 18 January 2014, Wolfsburg signed De Bruyne for a fee of £18 million (€22 million).", "On 25 January 2014, he made his debut for Wolfsburg in a 3–1 home loss against Hannover 96.", "On 12 April 2014, De Bruyne assisted 2 goals in their 4–1 home win against 1. FC Nürnberg.", "After a week he scored his first goal for Wolfsburg in 3–1 away win against Hamburger SV.", "He also scored in the last two matches of the Bundesliga helping his team to win against VfB Stuttgart and Borussia Mönchengladbach.", "De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2014–15 season on 2 October 2014, volleying in a clearance from outside the box to salvage a 1–1 draw against Lille in the Europa League.", "In the third group match away to Krasnodar on 23 October, De Bruyne scored twice as Wolfsburg secured their first win in the competition with a 4–2 victory.", "On 30 January 2015, he scored another brace in a 4–1 home win against Bayern Munich, their first Bundesliga defeat since April 2014.", "On 1 March 2015, De Bruyne assisted three goals in a 5–3 win over his former club Werder Bremen.", "On 12 March 2015, De Bruyne scored two goals in a 3–1 first leg Europa League round of 16 victory over Internazionale.", "On 15 March 2015, he scored one goal and assisted another two in 3–0 victory over SC Freiburg.", "De Bruyne ended the league season with 10 goals and 21 assists, the latter a new Bundesliga record, as Wolfsburg finished second in the Bundesliga and qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League.", "On 30 May 2015, he started and scored in the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final as \"Die Wölfe\" defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–1 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.", "De Bruyne ended his breakout season with 16 goals and 27 assists in all competitions, and was named the 2015 Germany Footballer of the Year.", "De Bruyne began the season by winning the 2015 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich, providing the cross for Nicklas Bendtner's 89th-minute equaliser for a 1–1 draw and then scoring in the subsequent penalty shootout.", "On 8 August 2015, he continued his good form by scoring his first goal of the season, and providing two assists in a 4–1 win at Stuttgarter Kickers in the first round of the DFB-Pokal.", "In August, in the midst of transfer speculation, De Bruyne said that he would not force Wolfsburg to sell him, but also said that he could not ignore interest from Manchester City, saying: \"If an offer does come, I will hear about it and how much it is, but I have not yet heard anything...", "I would not go to England just to prove that I can play there.", "I do not have to go to England...", "If I go there it's because for me and for my family it is a good choice.", "That's the key for me.", "\"\nOn 10 August, it was reported that Manchester City had made a second bid for De Bruyne worth £47 million.", "Wolfsburg sporting director, Klaus Allofs, said the club would fight to keep him, saying \"I think some other clubs have definitely turned Kevin’s head...", "Some huge figures are doing the rounds and I can understand why Kevin is leaving everything open.\"", "On 27 August, it was reported that City had made a further bid for De Bruyne worth £58 million.", "Klaus Allofs said that City had made an \"astonishing\" wage offer to De Bruyne.", "On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six-year contract, for a reported club-record fee of £55 million (€75 million), making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014.", "He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing the injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute.", "On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2–1 loss.", "He went on to score in a 4–1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September and a 4–1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September.", "On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6–1 win against Newcastle United.", "On 2 October, De Bruyne was announced as one of the players on the longlist for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or award, alongside teammates Agüero and Yaya Touré.", "Just 18 days later, on 20 October he was revealed by FIFA as one of the players on the 23-man shortlist for the Ballon d'Or.", "On 21 October, De Bruyne scored an injury-time winner against Sevilla in the UEFA Champions League, to take City within one point of group leaders Juventus, with three games remaining.", "On 1 December, he scored a brace in a 4–1 win over Hull City to send Manchester City through to the semi-finals of the Football League Cup.", "On 27 January 2016, De Bruyne scored a goal in a League Cup semi-final 3–1 victory over Everton, but sustained an injury to his right knee that would keep him out of the team for two months.", "On 2 April, De Bruyne made his return from injury in a 4–0 win against Bournemouth at Dean Court, scoring the team's second goal in the twelfth minute.", "Four days later, he scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw with Paris Saint-Germain in the UEFA Champions League quarter-final first-leg at the Parc des Princes.", "On 12 April, De Bruyne scored the winning goal against Paris Saint-Germain, advancing Manchester City to the Champions League semi-finals, for the first time in the club's history, on an aggregate score of 3–2.", "Writing in \"The Independent\", Mark Ogden said, \"It was a stunning goal from the Belgian, who took a touch to control the ball before curling it beyond Kevin Trapp from the edge of the penalty area.\"", "De Bruyne's next goal came on 8 May 2016 in a 2–2 draw with Arsenal, although the result left City's Champions League qualification hopes out of their own hands.", "On 10 September 2016, De Bruyne scored and assisted in the first Manchester derby of the season which City won 2–1 and was awarded the \"Man of the Match\".", "On 17 September 2016, De Bruyne was awarded the \"Man of the Match\", in a 4–0 win over Bournemouth.", "De Bruyne scored the first, assisted the fourth, and provided key passes on both the second and third goals.", "After the international break, Manchester City drew their next game, against Everton, played on 15 October 2016 with the scoreline finishing at 1–1.", "Agüero and De Bruyne both missed their penalties while Nolito came off the bench to equalise for City.", "On 1 November, De Bruyne scored from a free kick in the team's 3–1 win over FC Barcelona.", "On 21 January 2017, De Bruyne was involved in both of City's goals, as he netted once himself and also assisted Leroy Sané's, in a 2–2 home draw with Tottenham Hotspur; he was subsequently named man of the match.", "On 19 March 2017, De Bruyne displayed an excellent performance in a 1–1 draw against Liverpool at the Etihad Stadium, where he set up a goal for Agüero.", "De Bruyne set up both Agüero's and Gabriel Jesus' goals, on 9 September 2017, in a 5–0 home victory over Liverpool.", "On 16 September, De Bruyne assisted Agüero for his first goal in an eventual 6–0 win over Watford.", "On 26 September, De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2017–18 season in a 2–0 win over Shakhtar Donetsk.", "On 30 September 2017, he scored his first goal of the 2017–18 Premier League season, as City beat his former club Chelsea with a 1–0 scoreline at Stamford Bridge.", "On 14 October, De Bruyne provided two assists in a 7–2 win over Stoke City.", "On 5 November, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Arsenal.", "On 18 November, he scored in a 2–0 away win over Leicester City.", "On 29 November, he scored City's opener and assisted Raheem Sterling's last-minute winner in a 2–1 win over Southampton.", "On 13 December, De Bruyne scored in a 4–0 away win over Swansea City, which extended their record run of consecutive top-flight wins to 15 games.", "On 16 December, he scored in a 4–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur, with Pep Guardiola saying that De Bruyne is \"helping the club become a better institution\".", "On 27 December, De Bruyne provided an assist for Sterling's goal in a 1–0 win over Newcastle United.", "On 9 January, De Bruyne scored in a 2–1 win over Bristol City in the first leg of the semi-finals of the EFL Cup.", "On 20 January, he provided an assist for Agüero's first goal of the game (who scored a hat-trick in the game), in a 3–1 win over Newcastle United.", "On 22 January 2018, De Bruyne signed a new long-term contract with the club, keeping him at the club until 2023.", "On 23 January, he scored the winning goal in a 3–2 win over Bristol City in the EFL Cup semi-final second leg, which helped City advance to the final, having won the tie by an aggregate scoreline of 5–3.", "On 31 January, he scored and assisted in a 3–0 win over West Bromwich Albion, and was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "On 10 February, he provided three assists, two for Agüero and one for Raheem Sterling, in a 5–1 win over Leicester City, taking his assists tally to 14.", "On 25 February, he started in the 2018 EFL Cup Final against Arsenal, and played the whole 90 minutes, with Manchester City winning 3–0 to obtain their first piece of silverware of the 2017–18 season, and their first trophy overall under Pep Guardiola.", "On 31 March 2018, he provided an assist for Gabriel Jesus in a 3–1 win over Everton, ensuring that City would require only one more win to secure the Premier League title.", "On 22 April, he scored in a 5–0 win over Swansea City.", "On 13 May, on the final day of the season, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' winning goal in a 1–0 win over Southampton, which took champions City's total points tally to 100.", "De Bruyne was also voted as BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "For his 16 assists registered across the league season, De Bruyne won the inaugural Premier League Playmaker of the Season award.", "He was also selected in the PFA Team of the Year, and was also voted as Manchester City Player of the Season.", "On 15 August 2018, De Bruyne suffered a knee injury during a training session, with several news websites reporting that he could potentially not play for up to three months.", "Two days later, Manchester City confirmed that he had suffered a lesion of the lateral collateral ligament in his right knee, with no surgery required, and that he was expected to not play for three months.", "Soon after De Bruyne returned to action in October 2018, he once again suffered a knee ligament injury in the fourth round of the EFL Cup against Fulham.", "The injury was expected to keep him out for 5–6 weeks but he resumed full training much earlier than expected after only 3 weeks out.", "He came on as substitute in the FA Cup final against Watford, scoring the third goal and assisting two more, as City won the first-ever domestic treble in English men's football.", "His performances meant he was named \"Man of the Match\".", "On 30 November 2019, De Bruyne scored a half-volley in a 2–2 draw against Newcastle in the league, that strike was later voted as Premier League Goal of the Month for November.", "On 15 December 2019, he scored a brace in a 3–0 Premier League win over Arsenal at the Emirates.", "De Bruyne scored his 50th City goal in all competitions on 26 February 2020 in their 2–1 victory, coming from behind, over Real Madrid in their Champions League Round of 16 clash.", "In the final Premier League match of the season, City beat Norwich City 5–0 at home.", "De Bruyne scored two goals and registered his 20th league assist, which equalled Thierry Henry's record for the most assists in a season, and also won his second Playmaker of the Season award.", "In addition he became the first player in history to reach 20 assists in a single season in two of Europe's top five leagues.", "His long range curler in that game also won him Premier League Goal of the Month for the second time in the season.", "At the end of the season he was awarded the Premier League Player of the Season after scoring 13 goals, providing 20 assists and creating 104 chances from open play, the most for a player in any of Europe's top five leagues since 2006.", "He was also named in the PFA Team of the Year and won the PFA Player of the Year award, becoming the first ever Manchester City player to win it.", "On 21 September 2020, De Bruyne scored and assisted in a 3–1 away win over Wolverhampton Wanderers in City's first game of the season.", "With the crucial visit of the Premier League champions, Liverpool, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' equalizer before winning a penalty, which he subsequently fired wide.", "The game ended in a 1–1 draw.", "On 7 April, De Bruyne signed a four-year contract after negotiating it with help of statistical data to make case for a 30% pay increase.", "On 25 April 2021, De Bruyne's free-kick was headed into the goal by Aymeric Laporte, allowing City to win 1–0 against Tottenham Hotspur in the EFL Cup Final at Wembley Stadium.", "On 28 April, he scored a goal in a 2–1 away win over Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League semi-finals.", "On 29 May, De Bruyne had a head injury after colliding with Antonio Rüdiger in the second half of the Champions League Final, to be substituted by Gabriel Jesus; however, his team lost 1–0 against his former club Chelsea.", "Medical scans after the game revealed De Bruyne to have suffered acute nose bone and left orbital fractures, placing doubt on his participation in the rescheduled UEFA Euro 2020 tournament.", "At the end of the season, Kevin was awarded with the PFA Player's Player Of The Year award.", "On 11 May 2022, De Bruyne scored four goals inside 24 minutes in City's 5–1 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers, his first hat-trick with the club and the third-quickest in Premier League history.", "Sky Sports commentator Andy Hinchcliffe described the feat as \"Twenty-three minutes of footballing genius\" and Jeremy Wilson, writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\", said \"De Bruyne's 'wrong-footed' hat-trick was one of the best displays in Premier League history\".", "De Bruyne was capped by Belgium at under-18, under-19, and under-21 level.", "He made his debut for the Belgian senior team on 11 August 2010 in an international friendly against Finland in Turku; the game ended in a 1–0 loss for Belgium.", "Before making his full debut for Belgium's senior side, De Bruyne was eligible to play for Burundi, his mother's birthplace.", "De Bruyne became a regular member of Belgium's team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, where he scored four goals as the Red Devils qualified for their first major tournament in 12 years.", "On 13 May 2014, he was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.", "In their first game of the tournament, against Algeria in Belo Horizonte, De Bruyne assisted Marouane Fellaini's equaliser and was named man of the match by FIFA.", "In the round of 16, De Bruyne scored Belgium's opening goal in the third minute of extra time as they defeated the United States 2–1.", "On 10 October 2014, De Bruyne scored twice in a 6–0 rout of Andorra in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, equaling the team's record victory in a European qualifier set in 1986.", "On 3 September 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "On 10 October 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 4–1 win over Andorra, which secured Belgium's place at the UEFA Euro 2016 finals.", "Three days later, he scored in a 3–1 win over Israel, securing Belgium top-spot in the group.", "On 31 May 2016, De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016.", "On 18 June 2016, De Bruyne was praised for his performance in Belgium's 3–0 win over the Republic of Ireland.", "On 26 June 2016, De Bruyne was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\" for his performance in a 4–0 win over Hungary in the round of 16, where he provided two assists.", "De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.", "On 18 June, in the opening game against debutants Panama, De Bruyne provided an assist for Romelu Lukaku in an eventual 3–0 win.", "On 6 July, he scored the second goal of the match in a 2–1 quarter-final victory over Brazil and was named the man of the match.", "In the semi-finals, Belgium were defeated 1–0 by eventual champions France.", "On 14 July, Belgium defeated England 2–0 in the third-place play-off.", "On 17 June 2021, De Bruyne scored his first and the winning goal in Belgium's second match of UEFA Euro 2020, a 2–1 win over Denmark.", "He had also previously assisted the team's first goal.", "During round of 16 clash with Portugal, De Bruyne suffered an ankle injury from a tackle from behind, by Portugal's Joao Palhinha.", "On 2 July Belgium manager Roberto Martinez said that De Bruyne could recover in time for the quarter-final match, later that day, despite not training all week and he was later confirmed in the starting line-up.", "De Bruyne is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world, and he has often been described as a \"complete\" footballer.", "Considered to be a versatile and highly talented player in the media, he plays mainly as a central or an attacking midfielder but can also operate in several other positions, and has been used as a winger or second striker; he has even been deployed in a deeper creative midfield position, or even in a box-to-box role on occasion, or as a false 9.", "He is often described by pundits as one of the best and most complete modern day advanced playmakers, due to his technique, skill, athleticism, work-rate off the ball, vision, crossing accuracy, wide range of passing, and powerful long-range shooting ability with either foot.", "Although he is not blessed with significant physical strength, pace, or ability in the air, he is a quick and elegant player on the ball, with good dribbling skills, while his positional sense, tactical intelligence, movement, direct style of play, and ability to run at defences when in possession also enable him to take advantage of spaces in the opposition's defence, and subsequently create chances and goalscoring opportunities for himself or his teammates, making him a dangerous offensive threat on counter-attacks.", "In addition to his creative abilities, he is also capable of scoring goals by making late runs off the ball from behind into the penalty area, and is an accurate set-piece taker.", "De Bruyne was ranked the fourth-best footballer in the world by \"The Guardian\" in 2017 and the twelfth-best in 2019.", "In 2020 his Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola described him as the best midfielder in the world.", "De Bruyne's mother is Belgian, born in Burundi and has also lived in the Ivory Coast.", "Drongen, his hometown, is a sub municipality of the city of Ghent, in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.", "Aside from his mother tongue Dutch, De Bruyne also speaks French, English, and German.", "Since 2014 De Bruyne has been in a relationship with Michèle Lacroix.", "The couple married in June 2017, and have three children together.", "His autobiography, titled \"Keep It Simple\", was published by Borgerhoff & Lamberigts in October 2014, following an incident between De Bruyne and his compatriot Thibaut Courtois, in which De Bruyne's then-girlfriend left him for Courtois.", "De Bruyne wrote in his autobiography, \"Although I still can not believe what Courtois has done, we continue to work together professionally.", "\"\nDe Bruyne was an ambassador for the 2014 Special Olympics, which took place in Antwerp, and was involved in a controversial advertisement campaign, via his personal Instagram account.", "Employing the slogan (in Dutch): \"Would you still be my fan if I looked like this?\", De Bruyne was depicted resembling a person with Down syndrome.", "\"As of match played 8 June 2022\"\n\"Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each De Bruyne goal\"", "Genk\n\nVfL Wolfsburg\n\nManchester City\n\n\nBelgium\nIndividual" ]

[ 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 ]

[ "In 2012 he joined English club Chelsea, where he was used sparingly and then loaned to Werder Bremen." ]

[ "De Bruyne began his career with hometown club KVV Drongen in 1997.", "Two years later, he joined Gent and moved to Genk in 2005.", "De Bruyne continued his development in their youth set-up and was rewarded for his progress by being promoted to the first team squad in 2008.", "From an Interview with his youth club, it was revealed that De Bruyne was a Liverpool fan and admirer of Michael Owen.", "De Bruyne made his first team debut for Genk in a 3–0 defeat at Charleroi on 9 May 2009.", "Having established himself in the team the following season, on 7 February 2010, De Bruyne scored his first goal for the club, which secured all three points for Genk in a 1–0 win against Standard Liège.", "He scored five goals and made 16 assists in 32 league matches during the 2010–11 season as Genk were crowned Belgian champions for the third time.", "On 29 October 2011, De Bruyne scored his first hat-trick for Genk against Club Brugge, which ended in a 5–4 win for Genk.", "On 28 January 2012, De Bruyne scored a brace against OH Leuven in a 5–0 win.", "On 18 February 2012, De Bruyne scored his first goal back at Genk following his agreed transfer to Chelsea and also assisted the other goal in a 1–2 away win against Mons.", "De Bruyne ended the season by wrapping up the scoring in a 3–1 victory over Gent.", "He finished the league campaign with eight goals from 28 appearances.", "On 31 January 2012, on the winter transfer deadline day, Premier League club Chelsea and Genk announced the permanent signing of De Bruyne, with the fee rumoured to be in the region of £7 million.", "He signed a five-and-a-half-year contract at Stamford Bridge, but would stay at Genk for the remainder of the 2011–12 season.", "De Bruyne told the club website, \"To come to a team like Chelsea is a dream", "but now I have to work hard to achieve the level that's necessary.\"", "On 18 July 2012, De Bruyne made his debut for Chelsea in a friendly match against Major League Soccer (MLS) side Seattle Sounders FC in a 4–2 win.", "De Bruyne also played the first half against Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint-Germain at Yankee Stadium, New York City.", "On 31 July 2012, Chelsea announced that De Bruyne was to join Werder Bremen in the Bundesliga on a season-long loan deal.", "He scored his first goal for Bremen in a 3–2 defeat to Hannover 96 on 15 September, netting from 11 yards out after being played in by Eljero Elia.", "He continued his good form, scoring in Bremen's next game, a 2–2 draw with VfB Stuttgart, on 23 September.", "De Bruyne got back on the score sheet on 18 November, scoring the winning goal — despite his team being down to 10 men — as Bremen came from a goal down to defeat Fortuna Düsseldorf 2–1.\nDe Bruyne scored his first goal in over two months on 4 May 2013, since netting a consolation goal in Bayern Munich's 6–1 hammering of Bremen, putting his side up 2–0 at home to TSG 1899 Hoffenheim before a late brace from Sven Schipplock meant that the game finished 2–2.", "He followed this up with a goal in Bremen's next match, securing a place in the Bundesliga for the next season with a 1–1 draw against Eintracht Frankfurt on 11 May.", "After a successful loan spell in the Bundesliga with Werder Bremen, De Bruyne was linked with a move to stay in Germany with either Borussia Dortmund or Bayer Leverkusen.", "Incoming manager José Mourinho, however, assured De Bruyne he was a part of Chelsea's plan for the future, and the player officially returned to Chelsea on 1 July 2013.", "De Bruyne injured a knee while scoring his first goal for Chelsea, in a pre-season friendly game against a Malaysia XI, but was fit to make his competitive debut on the opening day of the 2013–14 Premier League season against Hull City, and made an assist for the first goal in a 2–0 win.", "On 18 January 2014, Wolfsburg signed De Bruyne for a fee of £18 million (€22 million).", "On 25 January 2014, he made his debut for Wolfsburg in a 3–1 home loss against Hannover 96.", "On 12 April 2014, De Bruyne assisted 2 goals in their 4–1 home win against 1. FC Nürnberg.", "After a week he scored his first goal for Wolfsburg in 3–1 away win against Hamburger SV.", "He also scored in the last two matches of the Bundesliga helping his team to win against VfB Stuttgart and Borussia Mönchengladbach.", "De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2014–15 season on 2 October 2014, volleying in a clearance from outside the box to salvage a 1–1 draw against Lille in the Europa League.", "In the third group match away to Krasnodar on 23 October, De Bruyne scored twice as Wolfsburg secured their first win in the competition with a 4–2 victory.", "On 30 January 2015, he scored another brace in a 4–1 home win against Bayern Munich, their first Bundesliga defeat since April 2014.", "On 1 March 2015, De Bruyne assisted three goals in a 5–3 win over his former club Werder Bremen.", "On 12 March 2015, De Bruyne scored two goals in a 3–1 first leg Europa League round of 16 victory over Internazionale.", "On 15 March 2015, he scored one goal and assisted another two in 3–0 victory over SC Freiburg.", "De Bruyne ended the league season with 10 goals and 21 assists, the latter a new Bundesliga record, as Wolfsburg finished second in the Bundesliga and qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League.", "On 30 May 2015, he started and scored in the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final as \"Die Wölfe\" defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–1 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.", "De Bruyne ended his breakout season with 16 goals and 27 assists in all competitions, and was named the 2015 Germany Footballer of the Year.", "De Bruyne began the season by winning the 2015 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich, providing the cross for Nicklas Bendtner's 89th-minute equaliser for a 1–1 draw and then scoring in the subsequent penalty shootout.", "On 8 August 2015, he continued his good form by scoring his first goal of the season, and providing two assists in a 4–1 win at Stuttgarter Kickers in the first round of the DFB-Pokal.", "In August, in the midst of transfer speculation, De Bruyne said that he would not force Wolfsburg to sell him, but also said that he could not ignore interest from Manchester City, saying: \"If an offer does come, I will hear about it and how much it is, but I have not yet heard anything...", "I would not go to England just to prove that I can play there.", "I do not have to go to England...", "If I go there it's because for me and for my family it is a good choice.", "That's the key for me.", "\"\nOn 10 August, it was reported that Manchester City had made a second bid for De Bruyne worth £47 million.", "Wolfsburg sporting director, Klaus Allofs, said the club would fight to keep him, saying \"I think some other clubs have definitely turned Kevin’s head...", "Some huge figures are doing the rounds and I can understand why Kevin is leaving everything open.\"", "On 27 August, it was reported that City had made a further bid for De Bruyne worth £58 million.", "Klaus Allofs said that City had made an \"astonishing\" wage offer to De Bruyne.", "On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six-year contract, for a reported club-record fee of £55 million (€75 million), making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014.", "He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing the injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute.", "On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2–1 loss.", "He went on to score in a 4–1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September and a 4–1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September.", "On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6–1 win against Newcastle United.", "On 2 October, De Bruyne was announced as one of the players on the longlist for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or award, alongside teammates Agüero and Yaya Touré.", "Just 18 days later, on 20 October he was revealed by FIFA as one of the players on the 23-man shortlist for the Ballon d'Or.", "On 21 October, De Bruyne scored an injury-time winner against Sevilla in the UEFA Champions League, to take City within one point of group leaders Juventus, with three games remaining.", "On 1 December, he scored a brace in a 4–1 win over Hull City to send Manchester City through to the semi-finals of the Football League Cup.", "On 27 January 2016, De Bruyne scored a goal in a League Cup semi-final 3–1 victory over Everton, but sustained an injury to his right knee that would keep him out of the team for two months.", "On 2 April, De Bruyne made his return from injury in a 4–0 win against Bournemouth at Dean Court, scoring the team's second goal in the twelfth minute.", "Four days later, he scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw with Paris Saint-Germain in the UEFA Champions League quarter-final first-leg at the Parc des Princes.", "On 12 April, De Bruyne scored the winning goal against Paris Saint-Germain, advancing Manchester City to the Champions League semi-finals, for the first time in the club's history, on an aggregate score of 3–2.", "Writing in \"The Independent\", Mark Ogden said, \"It was a stunning goal from the Belgian, who took a touch to control the ball before curling it beyond Kevin Trapp from the edge of the penalty area.\"", "De Bruyne's next goal came on 8 May 2016 in a 2–2 draw with Arsenal, although the result left City's Champions League qualification hopes out of their own hands.", "On 10 September 2016, De Bruyne scored and assisted in the first Manchester derby of the season which City won 2–1 and was awarded the \"Man of the Match\".", "On 17 September 2016, De Bruyne was awarded the \"Man of the Match\", in a 4–0 win over Bournemouth.", "De Bruyne scored the first, assisted the fourth, and provided key passes on both the second and third goals.", "After the international break, Manchester City drew their next game, against Everton, played on 15 October 2016 with the scoreline finishing at 1–1.", "Agüero and De Bruyne both missed their penalties while Nolito came off the bench to equalise for City.", "On 1 November, De Bruyne scored from a free kick in the team's 3–1 win over FC Barcelona.", "On 21 January 2017, De Bruyne was involved in both of City's goals, as he netted once himself and also assisted Leroy Sané's, in a 2–2 home draw with Tottenham Hotspur; he was subsequently named man of the match.", "On 19 March 2017, De Bruyne displayed an excellent performance in a 1–1 draw against Liverpool at the Etihad Stadium, where he set up a goal for Agüero.", "De Bruyne set up both Agüero's and Gabriel Jesus' goals, on 9 September 2017, in a 5–0 home victory over Liverpool.", "On 16 September, De Bruyne assisted Agüero for his first goal in an eventual 6–0 win over Watford.", "On 26 September, De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2017–18 season in a 2–0 win over Shakhtar Donetsk.", "On 30 September 2017, he scored his first goal of the 2017–18 Premier League season, as City beat his former club Chelsea with a 1–0 scoreline at Stamford Bridge.", "On 14 October, De Bruyne provided two assists in a 7–2 win over Stoke City.", "On 5 November, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Arsenal.", "On 18 November, he scored in a 2–0 away win over Leicester City.", "On 29 November, he scored City's opener and assisted Raheem Sterling's last-minute winner in a 2–1 win over Southampton.", "On 13 December, De Bruyne scored in a 4–0 away win over Swansea City, which extended their record run of consecutive top-flight wins to 15 games.", "On 16 December, he scored in a 4–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur, with Pep Guardiola saying that De Bruyne is \"helping the club become a better institution\".", "On 27 December, De Bruyne provided an assist for Sterling's goal in a 1–0 win over Newcastle United.", "On 9 January, De Bruyne scored in a 2–1 win over Bristol City in the first leg of the semi-finals of the EFL Cup.", "On 20 January, he provided an assist for Agüero's first goal of the game (who scored a hat-trick in the game), in a 3–1 win over Newcastle United.", "On 22 January 2018, De Bruyne signed a new long-term contract with the club, keeping him at the club until 2023.", "On 23 January, he scored the winning goal in a 3–2 win over Bristol City in the EFL Cup semi-final second leg, which helped City advance to the final, having won the tie by an aggregate scoreline of 5–3.", "On 31 January, he scored and assisted in a 3–0 win over West Bromwich Albion, and was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "On 10 February, he provided three assists, two for Agüero and one for Raheem Sterling, in a 5–1 win over Leicester City, taking his assists tally to 14.", "On 25 February, he started in the 2018 EFL Cup Final against Arsenal, and played the whole 90 minutes, with Manchester City winning 3–0 to obtain their first piece of silverware of the 2017–18 season, and their first trophy overall under Pep Guardiola.", "On 31 March 2018, he provided an assist for Gabriel Jesus in a 3–1 win over Everton, ensuring that City would require only one more win to secure the Premier League title.", "On 22 April, he scored in a 5–0 win over Swansea City.", "On 13 May, on the final day of the season, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' winning goal in a 1–0 win over Southampton, which took champions City's total points tally to 100.", "De Bruyne was also voted as BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "For his 16 assists registered across the league season, De Bruyne won the inaugural Premier League Playmaker of the Season award.", "He was also selected in the PFA Team of the Year, and was also voted as Manchester City Player of the Season.", "On 15 August 2018, De Bruyne suffered a knee injury during a training session, with several news websites reporting that he could potentially not play for up to three months.", "Two days later, Manchester City confirmed that he had suffered a lesion of the lateral collateral ligament in his right knee, with no surgery required, and that he was expected to not play for three months.", "Soon after De Bruyne returned to action in October 2018, he once again suffered a knee ligament injury in the fourth round of the EFL Cup against Fulham.", "The injury was expected to keep him out for 5–6 weeks but he resumed full training much earlier than expected after only 3 weeks out.", "He came on as substitute in the FA Cup final against Watford, scoring the third goal and assisting two more, as City won the first-ever domestic treble in English men's football.", "His performances meant he was named \"Man of the Match\".", "On 30 November 2019, De Bruyne scored a half-volley in a 2–2 draw against Newcastle in the league, that strike was later voted as Premier League Goal of the Month for November.", "On 15 December 2019, he scored a brace in a 3–0 Premier League win over Arsenal at the Emirates.", "De Bruyne scored his 50th City goal in all competitions on 26 February 2020 in their 2–1 victory, coming from behind, over Real Madrid in their Champions League Round of 16 clash.", "In the final Premier League match of the season, City beat Norwich City 5–0 at home.", "De Bruyne scored two goals and registered his 20th league assist, which equalled Thierry Henry's record for the most assists in a season, and also won his second Playmaker of the Season award.", "In addition he became the first player in history to reach 20 assists in a single season in two of Europe's top five leagues.", "His long range curler in that game also won him Premier League Goal of the Month for the second time in the season.", "At the end of the season he was awarded the Premier League Player of the Season after scoring 13 goals, providing 20 assists and creating 104 chances from open play, the most for a player in any of Europe's top five leagues since 2006.", "He was also named in the PFA Team of the Year and won the PFA Player of the Year award, becoming the first ever Manchester City player to win it.", "On 21 September 2020, De Bruyne scored and assisted in a 3–1 away win over Wolverhampton Wanderers in City's first game of the season.", "With the crucial visit of the Premier League champions, Liverpool, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' equalizer before winning a penalty, which he subsequently fired wide.", "The game ended in a 1–1 draw.", "On 7 April, De Bruyne signed a four-year contract after negotiating it with help of statistical data to make case for a 30% pay increase.", "On 25 April 2021, De Bruyne's free-kick was headed into the goal by Aymeric Laporte, allowing City to win 1–0 against Tottenham Hotspur in the EFL Cup Final at Wembley Stadium.", "On 28 April, he scored a goal in a 2–1 away win over Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League semi-finals.", "On 29 May, De Bruyne had a head injury after colliding with Antonio Rüdiger in the second half of the Champions League Final, to be substituted by Gabriel Jesus; however, his team lost 1–0 against his former club Chelsea.", "Medical scans after the game revealed De Bruyne to have suffered acute nose bone and left orbital fractures, placing doubt on his participation in the rescheduled UEFA Euro 2020 tournament.", "At the end of the season, Kevin was awarded with the PFA Player's Player Of The Year award.", "On 11 May 2022, De Bruyne scored four goals inside 24 minutes in City's 5–1 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers, his first hat-trick with the club and the third-quickest in Premier League history.", "Sky Sports commentator Andy Hinchcliffe described the feat as \"Twenty-three minutes of footballing genius\" and Jeremy Wilson, writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\", said \"De Bruyne's 'wrong-footed' hat-trick was one of the best displays in Premier League history\".", "De Bruyne was capped by Belgium at under-18, under-19, and under-21 level.", "He made his debut for the Belgian senior team on 11 August 2010 in an international friendly against Finland in Turku; the game ended in a 1–0 loss for Belgium.", "Before making his full debut for Belgium's senior side, De Bruyne was eligible to play for Burundi, his mother's birthplace.", "De Bruyne became a regular member of Belgium's team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, where he scored four goals as the Red Devils qualified for their first major tournament in 12 years.", "On 13 May 2014, he was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.", "In their first game of the tournament, against Algeria in Belo Horizonte, De Bruyne assisted Marouane Fellaini's equaliser and was named man of the match by FIFA.", "In the round of 16, De Bruyne scored Belgium's opening goal in the third minute of extra time as they defeated the United States 2–1.", "On 10 October 2014, De Bruyne scored twice in a 6–0 rout of Andorra in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, equaling the team's record victory in a European qualifier set in 1986.", "On 3 September 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "On 10 October 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 4–1 win over Andorra, which secured Belgium's place at the UEFA Euro 2016 finals.", "Three days later, he scored in a 3–1 win over Israel, securing Belgium top-spot in the group.", "On 31 May 2016, De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016.", "On 18 June 2016, De Bruyne was praised for his performance in Belgium's 3–0 win over the Republic of Ireland.", "On 26 June 2016, De Bruyne was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\" for his performance in a 4–0 win over Hungary in the round of 16, where he provided two assists.", "De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.", "On 18 June, in the opening game against debutants Panama, De Bruyne provided an assist for Romelu Lukaku in an eventual 3–0 win.", "On 6 July, he scored the second goal of the match in a 2–1 quarter-final victory over Brazil and was named the man of the match.", "In the semi-finals, Belgium were defeated 1–0 by eventual champions France.", "On 14 July, Belgium defeated England 2–0 in the third-place play-off.", "On 17 June 2021, De Bruyne scored his first and the winning goal in Belgium's second match of UEFA Euro 2020, a 2–1 win over Denmark.", "He had also previously assisted the team's first goal.", "During round of 16 clash with Portugal, De Bruyne suffered an ankle injury from a tackle from behind, by Portugal's Joao Palhinha.", "On 2 July Belgium manager Roberto Martinez said that De Bruyne could recover in time for the quarter-final match, later that day, despite not training all week and he was later confirmed in the starting line-up.", "De Bruyne is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world, and he has often been described as a \"complete\" footballer.", "Considered to be a versatile and highly talented player in the media, he plays mainly as a central or an attacking midfielder but can also operate in several other positions, and has been used as a winger or second striker; he has even been deployed in a deeper creative midfield position, or even in a box-to-box role on occasion, or as a false 9.", "He is often described by pundits as one of the best and most complete modern day advanced playmakers, due to his technique, skill, athleticism, work-rate off the ball, vision, crossing accuracy, wide range of passing, and powerful long-range shooting ability with either foot.", "Although he is not blessed with significant physical strength, pace, or ability in the air, he is a quick and elegant player on the ball, with good dribbling skills, while his positional sense, tactical intelligence, movement, direct style of play, and ability to run at defences when in possession also enable him to take advantage of spaces in the opposition's defence, and subsequently create chances and goalscoring opportunities for himself or his teammates, making him a dangerous offensive threat on counter-attacks.", "In addition to his creative abilities, he is also capable of scoring goals by making late runs off the ball from behind into the penalty area, and is an accurate set-piece taker.", "De Bruyne was ranked the fourth-best footballer in the world by \"The Guardian\" in 2017 and the twelfth-best in 2019.", "In 2020 his Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola described him as the best midfielder in the world.", "De Bruyne's mother is Belgian, born in Burundi and has also lived in the Ivory Coast.", "Drongen, his hometown, is a sub municipality of the city of Ghent, in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.", "Aside from his mother tongue Dutch, De Bruyne also speaks French, English, and German.", "Since 2014 De Bruyne has been in a relationship with Michèle Lacroix.", "The couple married in June 2017, and have three children together.", "His autobiography, titled \"Keep It Simple\", was published by Borgerhoff & Lamberigts in October 2014, following an incident between De Bruyne and his compatriot Thibaut Courtois, in which De Bruyne's then-girlfriend left him for Courtois.", "De Bruyne wrote in his autobiography, \"Although I still can not believe what Courtois has done, we continue to work together professionally.", "\"\nDe Bruyne was an ambassador for the 2014 Special Olympics, which took place in Antwerp, and was involved in a controversial advertisement campaign, via his personal Instagram account.", "Employing the slogan (in Dutch): \"Would you still be my fan if I looked like this?\", De Bruyne was depicted resembling a person with Down syndrome.", "\"As of match played 8 June 2022\"\n\"Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each De Bruyne goal\"", "Genk\n\nVfL Wolfsburg\n\nManchester City\n\n\nBelgium\nIndividual" ]

[ 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 ]

[ "In the summer of 2015 De Bruyne joined Manchester City for a club record £54 million.", "He has since won four Premier League titles, five League Cups and an FA Cup with the club.", "In 2017–18 he had a significant role in Manchester City's record in becoming the only Premier League team to attain 100 points in a single season.", "In 2019–20, De Bruyne tied the record for most assists in a Premier League season and was awarded Player of the Season (which he won again in 2021–22).", "De Bruyne made his full international debut in 2010, and he has since earned over 90 caps and scored 24 goals for Belgium." ]

[ "De Bruyne began his career with hometown club KVV Drongen in 1997.", "Two years later, he joined Gent and moved to Genk in 2005.", "De Bruyne continued his development in their youth set-up and was rewarded for his progress by being promoted to the first team squad in 2008.", "From an Interview with his youth club, it was revealed that De Bruyne was a Liverpool fan and admirer of Michael Owen.", "De Bruyne made his first team debut for Genk in a 3–0 defeat at Charleroi on 9 May 2009.", "Having established himself in the team the following season, on 7 February 2010, De Bruyne scored his first goal for the club, which secured all three points for Genk in a 1–0 win against Standard Liège.", "He scored five goals and made 16 assists in 32 league matches during the 2010–11 season as Genk were crowned Belgian champions for the third time.", "On 29 October 2011, De Bruyne scored his first hat-trick for Genk against Club Brugge, which ended in a 5–4 win for Genk.", "On 28 January 2012, De Bruyne scored a brace against OH Leuven in a 5–0 win.", "On 18 February 2012, De Bruyne scored his first goal back at Genk following his agreed transfer to Chelsea and also assisted the other goal in a 1–2 away win against Mons.", "De Bruyne ended the season by wrapping up the scoring in a 3–1 victory over Gent.", "He finished the league campaign with eight goals from 28 appearances.", "On 31 January 2012, on the winter transfer deadline day, Premier League club Chelsea and Genk announced the permanent signing of De Bruyne, with the fee rumoured to be in the region of £7 million.", "He signed a five-and-a-half-year contract at Stamford Bridge, but would stay at Genk for the remainder of the 2011–12 season.", "De Bruyne told the club website, \"To come to a team like Chelsea is a dream", "but now I have to work hard to achieve the level that's necessary.\"", "On 18 July 2012, De Bruyne made his debut for Chelsea in a friendly match against Major League Soccer (MLS) side Seattle Sounders FC in a 4–2 win.", "De Bruyne also played the first half against Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint-Germain at Yankee Stadium, New York City.", "On 31 July 2012, Chelsea announced that De Bruyne was to join Werder Bremen in the Bundesliga on a season-long loan deal.", "He scored his first goal for Bremen in a 3–2 defeat to Hannover 96 on 15 September, netting from 11 yards out after being played in by Eljero Elia.", "He continued his good form, scoring in Bremen's next game, a 2–2 draw with VfB Stuttgart, on 23 September.", "De Bruyne got back on the score sheet on 18 November, scoring the winning goal — despite his team being down to 10 men — as Bremen came from a goal down to defeat Fortuna Düsseldorf 2–1.\nDe Bruyne scored his first goal in over two months on 4 May 2013, since netting a consolation goal in Bayern Munich's 6–1 hammering of Bremen, putting his side up 2–0 at home to TSG 1899 Hoffenheim before a late brace from Sven Schipplock meant that the game finished 2–2.", "He followed this up with a goal in Bremen's next match, securing a place in the Bundesliga for the next season with a 1–1 draw against Eintracht Frankfurt on 11 May.", "After a successful loan spell in the Bundesliga with Werder Bremen, De Bruyne was linked with a move to stay in Germany with either Borussia Dortmund or Bayer Leverkusen.", "Incoming manager José Mourinho, however, assured De Bruyne he was a part of Chelsea's plan for the future, and the player officially returned to Chelsea on 1 July 2013.", "De Bruyne injured a knee while scoring his first goal for Chelsea, in a pre-season friendly game against a Malaysia XI, but was fit to make his competitive debut on the opening day of the 2013–14 Premier League season against Hull City, and made an assist for the first goal in a 2–0 win.", "On 18 January 2014, Wolfsburg signed De Bruyne for a fee of £18 million (€22 million).", "On 25 January 2014, he made his debut for Wolfsburg in a 3–1 home loss against Hannover 96.", "On 12 April 2014, De Bruyne assisted 2 goals in their 4–1 home win against 1. FC Nürnberg.", "After a week he scored his first goal for Wolfsburg in 3–1 away win against Hamburger SV.", "He also scored in the last two matches of the Bundesliga helping his team to win against VfB Stuttgart and Borussia Mönchengladbach.", "De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2014–15 season on 2 October 2014, volleying in a clearance from outside the box to salvage a 1–1 draw against Lille in the Europa League.", "In the third group match away to Krasnodar on 23 October, De Bruyne scored twice as Wolfsburg secured their first win in the competition with a 4–2 victory.", "On 30 January 2015, he scored another brace in a 4–1 home win against Bayern Munich, their first Bundesliga defeat since April 2014.", "On 1 March 2015, De Bruyne assisted three goals in a 5–3 win over his former club Werder Bremen.", "On 12 March 2015, De Bruyne scored two goals in a 3–1 first leg Europa League round of 16 victory over Internazionale.", "On 15 March 2015, he scored one goal and assisted another two in 3–0 victory over SC Freiburg.", "De Bruyne ended the league season with 10 goals and 21 assists, the latter a new Bundesliga record, as Wolfsburg finished second in the Bundesliga and qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League.", "On 30 May 2015, he started and scored in the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final as \"Die Wölfe\" defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–1 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.", "De Bruyne ended his breakout season with 16 goals and 27 assists in all competitions, and was named the 2015 Germany Footballer of the Year.", "De Bruyne began the season by winning the 2015 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich, providing the cross for Nicklas Bendtner's 89th-minute equaliser for a 1–1 draw and then scoring in the subsequent penalty shootout.", "On 8 August 2015, he continued his good form by scoring his first goal of the season, and providing two assists in a 4–1 win at Stuttgarter Kickers in the first round of the DFB-Pokal.", "In August, in the midst of transfer speculation, De Bruyne said that he would not force Wolfsburg to sell him, but also said that he could not ignore interest from Manchester City, saying: \"If an offer does come, I will hear about it and how much it is, but I have not yet heard anything...", "I would not go to England just to prove that I can play there.", "I do not have to go to England...", "If I go there it's because for me and for my family it is a good choice.", "That's the key for me.", "\"\nOn 10 August, it was reported that Manchester City had made a second bid for De Bruyne worth £47 million.", "Wolfsburg sporting director, Klaus Allofs, said the club would fight to keep him, saying \"I think some other clubs have definitely turned Kevin’s head...", "Some huge figures are doing the rounds and I can understand why Kevin is leaving everything open.\"", "On 27 August, it was reported that City had made a further bid for De Bruyne worth £58 million.", "Klaus Allofs said that City had made an \"astonishing\" wage offer to De Bruyne.", "On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six-year contract, for a reported club-record fee of £55 million (€75 million), making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014.", "He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing the injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute.", "On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2–1 loss.", "He went on to score in a 4–1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September and a 4–1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September.", "On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6–1 win against Newcastle United.", "On 2 October, De Bruyne was announced as one of the players on the longlist for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or award, alongside teammates Agüero and Yaya Touré.", "Just 18 days later, on 20 October he was revealed by FIFA as one of the players on the 23-man shortlist for the Ballon d'Or.", "On 21 October, De Bruyne scored an injury-time winner against Sevilla in the UEFA Champions League, to take City within one point of group leaders Juventus, with three games remaining.", "On 1 December, he scored a brace in a 4–1 win over Hull City to send Manchester City through to the semi-finals of the Football League Cup.", "On 27 January 2016, De Bruyne scored a goal in a League Cup semi-final 3–1 victory over Everton, but sustained an injury to his right knee that would keep him out of the team for two months.", "On 2 April, De Bruyne made his return from injury in a 4–0 win against Bournemouth at Dean Court, scoring the team's second goal in the twelfth minute.", "Four days later, he scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw with Paris Saint-Germain in the UEFA Champions League quarter-final first-leg at the Parc des Princes.", "On 12 April, De Bruyne scored the winning goal against Paris Saint-Germain, advancing Manchester City to the Champions League semi-finals, for the first time in the club's history, on an aggregate score of 3–2.", "Writing in \"The Independent\", Mark Ogden said, \"It was a stunning goal from the Belgian, who took a touch to control the ball before curling it beyond Kevin Trapp from the edge of the penalty area.\"", "De Bruyne's next goal came on 8 May 2016 in a 2–2 draw with Arsenal, although the result left City's Champions League qualification hopes out of their own hands.", "On 10 September 2016, De Bruyne scored and assisted in the first Manchester derby of the season which City won 2–1 and was awarded the \"Man of the Match\".", "On 17 September 2016, De Bruyne was awarded the \"Man of the Match\", in a 4–0 win over Bournemouth.", "De Bruyne scored the first, assisted the fourth, and provided key passes on both the second and third goals.", "After the international break, Manchester City drew their next game, against Everton, played on 15 October 2016 with the scoreline finishing at 1–1.", "Agüero and De Bruyne both missed their penalties while Nolito came off the bench to equalise for City.", "On 1 November, De Bruyne scored from a free kick in the team's 3–1 win over FC Barcelona.", "On 21 January 2017, De Bruyne was involved in both of City's goals, as he netted once himself and also assisted Leroy Sané's, in a 2–2 home draw with Tottenham Hotspur; he was subsequently named man of the match.", "On 19 March 2017, De Bruyne displayed an excellent performance in a 1–1 draw against Liverpool at the Etihad Stadium, where he set up a goal for Agüero.", "De Bruyne set up both Agüero's and Gabriel Jesus' goals, on 9 September 2017, in a 5–0 home victory over Liverpool.", "On 16 September, De Bruyne assisted Agüero for his first goal in an eventual 6–0 win over Watford.", "On 26 September, De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2017–18 season in a 2–0 win over Shakhtar Donetsk.", "On 30 September 2017, he scored his first goal of the 2017–18 Premier League season, as City beat his former club Chelsea with a 1–0 scoreline at Stamford Bridge.", "On 14 October, De Bruyne provided two assists in a 7–2 win over Stoke City.", "On 5 November, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Arsenal.", "On 18 November, he scored in a 2–0 away win over Leicester City.", "On 29 November, he scored City's opener and assisted Raheem Sterling's last-minute winner in a 2–1 win over Southampton.", "On 13 December, De Bruyne scored in a 4–0 away win over Swansea City, which extended their record run of consecutive top-flight wins to 15 games.", "On 16 December, he scored in a 4–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur, with Pep Guardiola saying that De Bruyne is \"helping the club become a better institution\".", "On 27 December, De Bruyne provided an assist for Sterling's goal in a 1–0 win over Newcastle United.", "On 9 January, De Bruyne scored in a 2–1 win over Bristol City in the first leg of the semi-finals of the EFL Cup.", "On 20 January, he provided an assist for Agüero's first goal of the game (who scored a hat-trick in the game), in a 3–1 win over Newcastle United.", "On 22 January 2018, De Bruyne signed a new long-term contract with the club, keeping him at the club until 2023.", "On 23 January, he scored the winning goal in a 3–2 win over Bristol City in the EFL Cup semi-final second leg, which helped City advance to the final, having won the tie by an aggregate scoreline of 5–3.", "On 31 January, he scored and assisted in a 3–0 win over West Bromwich Albion, and was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "On 10 February, he provided three assists, two for Agüero and one for Raheem Sterling, in a 5–1 win over Leicester City, taking his assists tally to 14.", "On 25 February, he started in the 2018 EFL Cup Final against Arsenal, and played the whole 90 minutes, with Manchester City winning 3–0 to obtain their first piece of silverware of the 2017–18 season, and their first trophy overall under Pep Guardiola.", "On 31 March 2018, he provided an assist for Gabriel Jesus in a 3–1 win over Everton, ensuring that City would require only one more win to secure the Premier League title.", "On 22 April, he scored in a 5–0 win over Swansea City.", "On 13 May, on the final day of the season, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' winning goal in a 1–0 win over Southampton, which took champions City's total points tally to 100.", "De Bruyne was also voted as BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "For his 16 assists registered across the league season, De Bruyne won the inaugural Premier League Playmaker of the Season award.", "He was also selected in the PFA Team of the Year, and was also voted as Manchester City Player of the Season.", "On 15 August 2018, De Bruyne suffered a knee injury during a training session, with several news websites reporting that he could potentially not play for up to three months.", "Two days later, Manchester City confirmed that he had suffered a lesion of the lateral collateral ligament in his right knee, with no surgery required, and that he was expected to not play for three months.", "Soon after De Bruyne returned to action in October 2018, he once again suffered a knee ligament injury in the fourth round of the EFL Cup against Fulham.", "The injury was expected to keep him out for 5–6 weeks but he resumed full training much earlier than expected after only 3 weeks out.", "He came on as substitute in the FA Cup final against Watford, scoring the third goal and assisting two more, as City won the first-ever domestic treble in English men's football.", "His performances meant he was named \"Man of the Match\".", "On 30 November 2019, De Bruyne scored a half-volley in a 2–2 draw against Newcastle in the league, that strike was later voted as Premier League Goal of the Month for November.", "On 15 December 2019, he scored a brace in a 3–0 Premier League win over Arsenal at the Emirates.", "De Bruyne scored his 50th City goal in all competitions on 26 February 2020 in their 2–1 victory, coming from behind, over Real Madrid in their Champions League Round of 16 clash.", "In the final Premier League match of the season, City beat Norwich City 5–0 at home.", "De Bruyne scored two goals and registered his 20th league assist, which equalled Thierry Henry's record for the most assists in a season, and also won his second Playmaker of the Season award.", "In addition he became the first player in history to reach 20 assists in a single season in two of Europe's top five leagues.", "His long range curler in that game also won him Premier League Goal of the Month for the second time in the season.", "At the end of the season he was awarded the Premier League Player of the Season after scoring 13 goals, providing 20 assists and creating 104 chances from open play, the most for a player in any of Europe's top five leagues since 2006.", "He was also named in the PFA Team of the Year and won the PFA Player of the Year award, becoming the first ever Manchester City player to win it.", "On 21 September 2020, De Bruyne scored and assisted in a 3–1 away win over Wolverhampton Wanderers in City's first game of the season.", "With the crucial visit of the Premier League champions, Liverpool, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' equalizer before winning a penalty, which he subsequently fired wide.", "The game ended in a 1–1 draw.", "On 7 April, De Bruyne signed a four-year contract after negotiating it with help of statistical data to make case for a 30% pay increase.", "On 25 April 2021, De Bruyne's free-kick was headed into the goal by Aymeric Laporte, allowing City to win 1–0 against Tottenham Hotspur in the EFL Cup Final at Wembley Stadium.", "On 28 April, he scored a goal in a 2–1 away win over Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League semi-finals.", "On 29 May, De Bruyne had a head injury after colliding with Antonio Rüdiger in the second half of the Champions League Final, to be substituted by Gabriel Jesus; however, his team lost 1–0 against his former club Chelsea.", "Medical scans after the game revealed De Bruyne to have suffered acute nose bone and left orbital fractures, placing doubt on his participation in the rescheduled UEFA Euro 2020 tournament.", "At the end of the season, Kevin was awarded with the PFA Player's Player Of The Year award.", "On 11 May 2022, De Bruyne scored four goals inside 24 minutes in City's 5–1 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers, his first hat-trick with the club and the third-quickest in Premier League history.", "Sky Sports commentator Andy Hinchcliffe described the feat as \"Twenty-three minutes of footballing genius\" and Jeremy Wilson, writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\", said \"De Bruyne's 'wrong-footed' hat-trick was one of the best displays in Premier League history\".", "De Bruyne was capped by Belgium at under-18, under-19, and under-21 level.", "He made his debut for the Belgian senior team on 11 August 2010 in an international friendly against Finland in Turku; the game ended in a 1–0 loss for Belgium.", "Before making his full debut for Belgium's senior side, De Bruyne was eligible to play for Burundi, his mother's birthplace.", "De Bruyne became a regular member of Belgium's team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, where he scored four goals as the Red Devils qualified for their first major tournament in 12 years.", "On 13 May 2014, he was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.", "In their first game of the tournament, against Algeria in Belo Horizonte, De Bruyne assisted Marouane Fellaini's equaliser and was named man of the match by FIFA.", "In the round of 16, De Bruyne scored Belgium's opening goal in the third minute of extra time as they defeated the United States 2–1.", "On 10 October 2014, De Bruyne scored twice in a 6–0 rout of Andorra in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, equaling the team's record victory in a European qualifier set in 1986.", "On 3 September 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "On 10 October 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 4–1 win over Andorra, which secured Belgium's place at the UEFA Euro 2016 finals.", "Three days later, he scored in a 3–1 win over Israel, securing Belgium top-spot in the group.", "On 31 May 2016, De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016.", "On 18 June 2016, De Bruyne was praised for his performance in Belgium's 3–0 win over the Republic of Ireland.", "On 26 June 2016, De Bruyne was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\" for his performance in a 4–0 win over Hungary in the round of 16, where he provided two assists.", "De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.", "On 18 June, in the opening game against debutants Panama, De Bruyne provided an assist for Romelu Lukaku in an eventual 3–0 win.", "On 6 July, he scored the second goal of the match in a 2–1 quarter-final victory over Brazil and was named the man of the match.", "In the semi-finals, Belgium were defeated 1–0 by eventual champions France.", "On 14 July, Belgium defeated England 2–0 in the third-place play-off.", "On 17 June 2021, De Bruyne scored his first and the winning goal in Belgium's second match of UEFA Euro 2020, a 2–1 win over Denmark.", "He had also previously assisted the team's first goal.", "During round of 16 clash with Portugal, De Bruyne suffered an ankle injury from a tackle from behind, by Portugal's Joao Palhinha.", "On 2 July Belgium manager Roberto Martinez said that De Bruyne could recover in time for the quarter-final match, later that day, despite not training all week and he was later confirmed in the starting line-up.", "De Bruyne is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world, and he has often been described as a \"complete\" footballer.", "Considered to be a versatile and highly talented player in the media, he plays mainly as a central or an attacking midfielder but can also operate in several other positions, and has been used as a winger or second striker; he has even been deployed in a deeper creative midfield position, or even in a box-to-box role on occasion, or as a false 9.", "He is often described by pundits as one of the best and most complete modern day advanced playmakers, due to his technique, skill, athleticism, work-rate off the ball, vision, crossing accuracy, wide range of passing, and powerful long-range shooting ability with either foot.", "Although he is not blessed with significant physical strength, pace, or ability in the air, he is a quick and elegant player on the ball, with good dribbling skills, while his positional sense, tactical intelligence, movement, direct style of play, and ability to run at defences when in possession also enable him to take advantage of spaces in the opposition's defence, and subsequently create chances and goalscoring opportunities for himself or his teammates, making him a dangerous offensive threat on counter-attacks.", "In addition to his creative abilities, he is also capable of scoring goals by making late runs off the ball from behind into the penalty area, and is an accurate set-piece taker.", "De Bruyne was ranked the fourth-best footballer in the world by \"The Guardian\" in 2017 and the twelfth-best in 2019.", "In 2020 his Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola described him as the best midfielder in the world.", "De Bruyne's mother is Belgian, born in Burundi and has also lived in the Ivory Coast.", "Drongen, his hometown, is a sub municipality of the city of Ghent, in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.", "Aside from his mother tongue Dutch, De Bruyne also speaks French, English, and German.", "Since 2014 De Bruyne has been in a relationship with Michèle Lacroix.", "The couple married in June 2017, and have three children together.", "His autobiography, titled \"Keep It Simple\", was published by Borgerhoff & Lamberigts in October 2014, following an incident between De Bruyne and his compatriot Thibaut Courtois, in which De Bruyne's then-girlfriend left him for Courtois.", "De Bruyne wrote in his autobiography, \"Although I still can not believe what Courtois has done, we continue to work together professionally.", "\"\nDe Bruyne was an ambassador for the 2014 Special Olympics, which took place in Antwerp, and was involved in a controversial advertisement campaign, via his personal Instagram account.", "Employing the slogan (in Dutch): \"Would you still be my fan if I looked like this?\", De Bruyne was depicted resembling a person with Down syndrome.", "\"As of match played 8 June 2022\"\n\"Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each De Bruyne goal\"", "Genk\n\nVfL Wolfsburg\n\nManchester City\n\n\nBelgium\nIndividual" ]

[ 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 ]

[ "In the summer of 2015 De Bruyne joined Manchester City for a club record £54 million." ]

[ "De Bruyne began his career with hometown club KVV Drongen in 1997.", "Two years later, he joined Gent and moved to Genk in 2005.", "De Bruyne continued his development in their youth set-up and was rewarded for his progress by being promoted to the first team squad in 2008.", "From an Interview with his youth club, it was revealed that De Bruyne was a Liverpool fan and admirer of Michael Owen.", "De Bruyne made his first team debut for Genk in a 3–0 defeat at Charleroi on 9 May 2009.", "Having established himself in the team the following season, on 7 February 2010, De Bruyne scored his first goal for the club, which secured all three points for Genk in a 1–0 win against Standard Liège.", "He scored five goals and made 16 assists in 32 league matches during the 2010–11 season as Genk were crowned Belgian champions for the third time.", "On 29 October 2011, De Bruyne scored his first hat-trick for Genk against Club Brugge, which ended in a 5–4 win for Genk.", "On 28 January 2012, De Bruyne scored a brace against OH Leuven in a 5–0 win.", "On 18 February 2012, De Bruyne scored his first goal back at Genk following his agreed transfer to Chelsea and also assisted the other goal in a 1–2 away win against Mons.", "De Bruyne ended the season by wrapping up the scoring in a 3–1 victory over Gent.", "He finished the league campaign with eight goals from 28 appearances.", "On 31 January 2012, on the winter transfer deadline day, Premier League club Chelsea and Genk announced the permanent signing of De Bruyne, with the fee rumoured to be in the region of £7 million.", "He signed a five-and-a-half-year contract at Stamford Bridge, but would stay at Genk for the remainder of the 2011–12 season.", "De Bruyne told the club website, \"To come to a team like Chelsea is a dream", "but now I have to work hard to achieve the level that's necessary.\"", "On 18 July 2012, De Bruyne made his debut for Chelsea in a friendly match against Major League Soccer (MLS) side Seattle Sounders FC in a 4–2 win.", "De Bruyne also played the first half against Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint-Germain at Yankee Stadium, New York City.", "On 31 July 2012, Chelsea announced that De Bruyne was to join Werder Bremen in the Bundesliga on a season-long loan deal.", "He scored his first goal for Bremen in a 3–2 defeat to Hannover 96 on 15 September, netting from 11 yards out after being played in by Eljero Elia.", "He continued his good form, scoring in Bremen's next game, a 2–2 draw with VfB Stuttgart, on 23 September.", "De Bruyne got back on the score sheet on 18 November, scoring the winning goal — despite his team being down to 10 men — as Bremen came from a goal down to defeat Fortuna Düsseldorf 2–1.\nDe Bruyne scored his first goal in over two months on 4 May 2013, since netting a consolation goal in Bayern Munich's 6–1 hammering of Bremen, putting his side up 2–0 at home to TSG 1899 Hoffenheim before a late brace from Sven Schipplock meant that the game finished 2–2.", "He followed this up with a goal in Bremen's next match, securing a place in the Bundesliga for the next season with a 1–1 draw against Eintracht Frankfurt on 11 May.", "After a successful loan spell in the Bundesliga with Werder Bremen, De Bruyne was linked with a move to stay in Germany with either Borussia Dortmund or Bayer Leverkusen.", "Incoming manager José Mourinho, however, assured De Bruyne he was a part of Chelsea's plan for the future, and the player officially returned to Chelsea on 1 July 2013.", "De Bruyne injured a knee while scoring his first goal for Chelsea, in a pre-season friendly game against a Malaysia XI, but was fit to make his competitive debut on the opening day of the 2013–14 Premier League season against Hull City, and made an assist for the first goal in a 2–0 win.", "On 18 January 2014, Wolfsburg signed De Bruyne for a fee of £18 million (€22 million).", "On 25 January 2014, he made his debut for Wolfsburg in a 3–1 home loss against Hannover 96.", "On 12 April 2014, De Bruyne assisted 2 goals in their 4–1 home win against 1. FC Nürnberg.", "After a week he scored his first goal for Wolfsburg in 3–1 away win against Hamburger SV.", "He also scored in the last two matches of the Bundesliga helping his team to win against VfB Stuttgart and Borussia Mönchengladbach.", "De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2014–15 season on 2 October 2014, volleying in a clearance from outside the box to salvage a 1–1 draw against Lille in the Europa League.", "In the third group match away to Krasnodar on 23 October, De Bruyne scored twice as Wolfsburg secured their first win in the competition with a 4–2 victory.", "On 30 January 2015, he scored another brace in a 4–1 home win against Bayern Munich, their first Bundesliga defeat since April 2014.", "On 1 March 2015, De Bruyne assisted three goals in a 5–3 win over his former club Werder Bremen.", "On 12 March 2015, De Bruyne scored two goals in a 3–1 first leg Europa League round of 16 victory over Internazionale.", "On 15 March 2015, he scored one goal and assisted another two in 3–0 victory over SC Freiburg.", "De Bruyne ended the league season with 10 goals and 21 assists, the latter a new Bundesliga record, as Wolfsburg finished second in the Bundesliga and qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League.", "On 30 May 2015, he started and scored in the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final as \"Die Wölfe\" defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–1 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.", "De Bruyne ended his breakout season with 16 goals and 27 assists in all competitions, and was named the 2015 Germany Footballer of the Year.", "De Bruyne began the season by winning the 2015 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich, providing the cross for Nicklas Bendtner's 89th-minute equaliser for a 1–1 draw and then scoring in the subsequent penalty shootout.", "On 8 August 2015, he continued his good form by scoring his first goal of the season, and providing two assists in a 4–1 win at Stuttgarter Kickers in the first round of the DFB-Pokal.", "In August, in the midst of transfer speculation, De Bruyne said that he would not force Wolfsburg to sell him, but also said that he could not ignore interest from Manchester City, saying: \"If an offer does come, I will hear about it and how much it is, but I have not yet heard anything...", "I would not go to England just to prove that I can play there.", "I do not have to go to England...", "If I go there it's because for me and for my family it is a good choice.", "That's the key for me.", "\"\nOn 10 August, it was reported that Manchester City had made a second bid for De Bruyne worth £47 million.", "Wolfsburg sporting director, Klaus Allofs, said the club would fight to keep him, saying \"I think some other clubs have definitely turned Kevin’s head...", "Some huge figures are doing the rounds and I can understand why Kevin is leaving everything open.\"", "On 27 August, it was reported that City had made a further bid for De Bruyne worth £58 million.", "Klaus Allofs said that City had made an \"astonishing\" wage offer to De Bruyne.", "On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six-year contract, for a reported club-record fee of £55 million (€75 million), making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014.", "He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing the injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute.", "On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2–1 loss.", "He went on to score in a 4–1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September and a 4–1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September.", "On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6–1 win against Newcastle United.", "On 2 October, De Bruyne was announced as one of the players on the longlist for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or award, alongside teammates Agüero and Yaya Touré.", "Just 18 days later, on 20 October he was revealed by FIFA as one of the players on the 23-man shortlist for the Ballon d'Or.", "On 21 October, De Bruyne scored an injury-time winner against Sevilla in the UEFA Champions League, to take City within one point of group leaders Juventus, with three games remaining.", "On 1 December, he scored a brace in a 4–1 win over Hull City to send Manchester City through to the semi-finals of the Football League Cup.", "On 27 January 2016, De Bruyne scored a goal in a League Cup semi-final 3–1 victory over Everton, but sustained an injury to his right knee that would keep him out of the team for two months.", "On 2 April, De Bruyne made his return from injury in a 4–0 win against Bournemouth at Dean Court, scoring the team's second goal in the twelfth minute.", "Four days later, he scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw with Paris Saint-Germain in the UEFA Champions League quarter-final first-leg at the Parc des Princes.", "On 12 April, De Bruyne scored the winning goal against Paris Saint-Germain, advancing Manchester City to the Champions League semi-finals, for the first time in the club's history, on an aggregate score of 3–2.", "Writing in \"The Independent\", Mark Ogden said, \"It was a stunning goal from the Belgian, who took a touch to control the ball before curling it beyond Kevin Trapp from the edge of the penalty area.\"", "De Bruyne's next goal came on 8 May 2016 in a 2–2 draw with Arsenal, although the result left City's Champions League qualification hopes out of their own hands.", "On 10 September 2016, De Bruyne scored and assisted in the first Manchester derby of the season which City won 2–1 and was awarded the \"Man of the Match\".", "On 17 September 2016, De Bruyne was awarded the \"Man of the Match\", in a 4–0 win over Bournemouth.", "De Bruyne scored the first, assisted the fourth, and provided key passes on both the second and third goals.", "After the international break, Manchester City drew their next game, against Everton, played on 15 October 2016 with the scoreline finishing at 1–1.", "Agüero and De Bruyne both missed their penalties while Nolito came off the bench to equalise for City.", "On 1 November, De Bruyne scored from a free kick in the team's 3–1 win over FC Barcelona.", "On 21 January 2017, De Bruyne was involved in both of City's goals, as he netted once himself and also assisted Leroy Sané's, in a 2–2 home draw with Tottenham Hotspur; he was subsequently named man of the match.", "On 19 March 2017, De Bruyne displayed an excellent performance in a 1–1 draw against Liverpool at the Etihad Stadium, where he set up a goal for Agüero.", "De Bruyne set up both Agüero's and Gabriel Jesus' goals, on 9 September 2017, in a 5–0 home victory over Liverpool.", "On 16 September, De Bruyne assisted Agüero for his first goal in an eventual 6–0 win over Watford.", "On 26 September, De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2017–18 season in a 2–0 win over Shakhtar Donetsk.", "On 30 September 2017, he scored his first goal of the 2017–18 Premier League season, as City beat his former club Chelsea with a 1–0 scoreline at Stamford Bridge.", "On 14 October, De Bruyne provided two assists in a 7–2 win over Stoke City.", "On 5 November, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Arsenal.", "On 18 November, he scored in a 2–0 away win over Leicester City.", "On 29 November, he scored City's opener and assisted Raheem Sterling's last-minute winner in a 2–1 win over Southampton.", "On 13 December, De Bruyne scored in a 4–0 away win over Swansea City, which extended their record run of consecutive top-flight wins to 15 games.", "On 16 December, he scored in a 4–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur, with Pep Guardiola saying that De Bruyne is \"helping the club become a better institution\".", "On 27 December, De Bruyne provided an assist for Sterling's goal in a 1–0 win over Newcastle United.", "On 9 January, De Bruyne scored in a 2–1 win over Bristol City in the first leg of the semi-finals of the EFL Cup.", "On 20 January, he provided an assist for Agüero's first goal of the game (who scored a hat-trick in the game), in a 3–1 win over Newcastle United.", "On 22 January 2018, De Bruyne signed a new long-term contract with the club, keeping him at the club until 2023.", "On 23 January, he scored the winning goal in a 3–2 win over Bristol City in the EFL Cup semi-final second leg, which helped City advance to the final, having won the tie by an aggregate scoreline of 5–3.", "On 31 January, he scored and assisted in a 3–0 win over West Bromwich Albion, and was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "On 10 February, he provided three assists, two for Agüero and one for Raheem Sterling, in a 5–1 win over Leicester City, taking his assists tally to 14.", "On 25 February, he started in the 2018 EFL Cup Final against Arsenal, and played the whole 90 minutes, with Manchester City winning 3–0 to obtain their first piece of silverware of the 2017–18 season, and their first trophy overall under Pep Guardiola.", "On 31 March 2018, he provided an assist for Gabriel Jesus in a 3–1 win over Everton, ensuring that City would require only one more win to secure the Premier League title.", "On 22 April, he scored in a 5–0 win over Swansea City.", "On 13 May, on the final day of the season, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' winning goal in a 1–0 win over Southampton, which took champions City's total points tally to 100.", "De Bruyne was also voted as BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "For his 16 assists registered across the league season, De Bruyne won the inaugural Premier League Playmaker of the Season award.", "He was also selected in the PFA Team of the Year, and was also voted as Manchester City Player of the Season.", "On 15 August 2018, De Bruyne suffered a knee injury during a training session, with several news websites reporting that he could potentially not play for up to three months.", "Two days later, Manchester City confirmed that he had suffered a lesion of the lateral collateral ligament in his right knee, with no surgery required, and that he was expected to not play for three months.", "Soon after De Bruyne returned to action in October 2018, he once again suffered a knee ligament injury in the fourth round of the EFL Cup against Fulham.", "The injury was expected to keep him out for 5–6 weeks but he resumed full training much earlier than expected after only 3 weeks out.", "He came on as substitute in the FA Cup final against Watford, scoring the third goal and assisting two more, as City won the first-ever domestic treble in English men's football.", "His performances meant he was named \"Man of the Match\".", "On 30 November 2019, De Bruyne scored a half-volley in a 2–2 draw against Newcastle in the league, that strike was later voted as Premier League Goal of the Month for November.", "On 15 December 2019, he scored a brace in a 3–0 Premier League win over Arsenal at the Emirates.", "De Bruyne scored his 50th City goal in all competitions on 26 February 2020 in their 2–1 victory, coming from behind, over Real Madrid in their Champions League Round of 16 clash.", "In the final Premier League match of the season, City beat Norwich City 5–0 at home.", "De Bruyne scored two goals and registered his 20th league assist, which equalled Thierry Henry's record for the most assists in a season, and also won his second Playmaker of the Season award.", "In addition he became the first player in history to reach 20 assists in a single season in two of Europe's top five leagues.", "His long range curler in that game also won him Premier League Goal of the Month for the second time in the season.", "At the end of the season he was awarded the Premier League Player of the Season after scoring 13 goals, providing 20 assists and creating 104 chances from open play, the most for a player in any of Europe's top five leagues since 2006.", "He was also named in the PFA Team of the Year and won the PFA Player of the Year award, becoming the first ever Manchester City player to win it.", "On 21 September 2020, De Bruyne scored and assisted in a 3–1 away win over Wolverhampton Wanderers in City's first game of the season.", "With the crucial visit of the Premier League champions, Liverpool, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' equalizer before winning a penalty, which he subsequently fired wide.", "The game ended in a 1–1 draw.", "On 7 April, De Bruyne signed a four-year contract after negotiating it with help of statistical data to make case for a 30% pay increase.", "On 25 April 2021, De Bruyne's free-kick was headed into the goal by Aymeric Laporte, allowing City to win 1–0 against Tottenham Hotspur in the EFL Cup Final at Wembley Stadium.", "On 28 April, he scored a goal in a 2–1 away win over Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League semi-finals.", "On 29 May, De Bruyne had a head injury after colliding with Antonio Rüdiger in the second half of the Champions League Final, to be substituted by Gabriel Jesus; however, his team lost 1–0 against his former club Chelsea.", "Medical scans after the game revealed De Bruyne to have suffered acute nose bone and left orbital fractures, placing doubt on his participation in the rescheduled UEFA Euro 2020 tournament.", "At the end of the season, Kevin was awarded with the PFA Player's Player Of The Year award.", "On 11 May 2022, De Bruyne scored four goals inside 24 minutes in City's 5–1 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers, his first hat-trick with the club and the third-quickest in Premier League history.", "Sky Sports commentator Andy Hinchcliffe described the feat as \"Twenty-three minutes of footballing genius\" and Jeremy Wilson, writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\", said \"De Bruyne's 'wrong-footed' hat-trick was one of the best displays in Premier League history\".", "De Bruyne was capped by Belgium at under-18, under-19, and under-21 level.", "He made his debut for the Belgian senior team on 11 August 2010 in an international friendly against Finland in Turku; the game ended in a 1–0 loss for Belgium.", "Before making his full debut for Belgium's senior side, De Bruyne was eligible to play for Burundi, his mother's birthplace.", "De Bruyne became a regular member of Belgium's team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, where he scored four goals as the Red Devils qualified for their first major tournament in 12 years.", "On 13 May 2014, he was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.", "In their first game of the tournament, against Algeria in Belo Horizonte, De Bruyne assisted Marouane Fellaini's equaliser and was named man of the match by FIFA.", "In the round of 16, De Bruyne scored Belgium's opening goal in the third minute of extra time as they defeated the United States 2–1.", "On 10 October 2014, De Bruyne scored twice in a 6–0 rout of Andorra in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, equaling the team's record victory in a European qualifier set in 1986.", "On 3 September 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "On 10 October 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 4–1 win over Andorra, which secured Belgium's place at the UEFA Euro 2016 finals.", "Three days later, he scored in a 3–1 win over Israel, securing Belgium top-spot in the group.", "On 31 May 2016, De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016.", "On 18 June 2016, De Bruyne was praised for his performance in Belgium's 3–0 win over the Republic of Ireland.", "On 26 June 2016, De Bruyne was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\" for his performance in a 4–0 win over Hungary in the round of 16, where he provided two assists.", "De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.", "On 18 June, in the opening game against debutants Panama, De Bruyne provided an assist for Romelu Lukaku in an eventual 3–0 win.", "On 6 July, he scored the second goal of the match in a 2–1 quarter-final victory over Brazil and was named the man of the match.", "In the semi-finals, Belgium were defeated 1–0 by eventual champions France.", "On 14 July, Belgium defeated England 2–0 in the third-place play-off.", "On 17 June 2021, De Bruyne scored his first and the winning goal in Belgium's second match of UEFA Euro 2020, a 2–1 win over Denmark.", "He had also previously assisted the team's first goal.", "During round of 16 clash with Portugal, De Bruyne suffered an ankle injury from a tackle from behind, by Portugal's Joao Palhinha.", "On 2 July Belgium manager Roberto Martinez said that De Bruyne could recover in time for the quarter-final match, later that day, despite not training all week and he was later confirmed in the starting line-up.", "De Bruyne is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world, and he has often been described as a \"complete\" footballer.", "Considered to be a versatile and highly talented player in the media, he plays mainly as a central or an attacking midfielder but can also operate in several other positions, and has been used as a winger or second striker; he has even been deployed in a deeper creative midfield position, or even in a box-to-box role on occasion, or as a false 9.", "He is often described by pundits as one of the best and most complete modern day advanced playmakers, due to his technique, skill, athleticism, work-rate off the ball, vision, crossing accuracy, wide range of passing, and powerful long-range shooting ability with either foot.", "Although he is not blessed with significant physical strength, pace, or ability in the air, he is a quick and elegant player on the ball, with good dribbling skills, while his positional sense, tactical intelligence, movement, direct style of play, and ability to run at defences when in possession also enable him to take advantage of spaces in the opposition's defence, and subsequently create chances and goalscoring opportunities for himself or his teammates, making him a dangerous offensive threat on counter-attacks.", "In addition to his creative abilities, he is also capable of scoring goals by making late runs off the ball from behind into the penalty area, and is an accurate set-piece taker.", "De Bruyne was ranked the fourth-best footballer in the world by \"The Guardian\" in 2017 and the twelfth-best in 2019.", "In 2020 his Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola described him as the best midfielder in the world.", "De Bruyne's mother is Belgian, born in Burundi and has also lived in the Ivory Coast.", "Drongen, his hometown, is a sub municipality of the city of Ghent, in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.", "Aside from his mother tongue Dutch, De Bruyne also speaks French, English, and German.", "Since 2014 De Bruyne has been in a relationship with Michèle Lacroix.", "The couple married in June 2017, and have three children together.", "His autobiography, titled \"Keep It Simple\", was published by Borgerhoff & Lamberigts in October 2014, following an incident between De Bruyne and his compatriot Thibaut Courtois, in which De Bruyne's then-girlfriend left him for Courtois.", "De Bruyne wrote in his autobiography, \"Although I still can not believe what Courtois has done, we continue to work together professionally.", "\"\nDe Bruyne was an ambassador for the 2014 Special Olympics, which took place in Antwerp, and was involved in a controversial advertisement campaign, via his personal Instagram account.", "Employing the slogan (in Dutch): \"Would you still be my fan if I looked like this?\", De Bruyne was depicted resembling a person with Down syndrome.", "\"As of match played 8 June 2022\"\n\"Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each De Bruyne goal\"", "Genk\n\nVfL Wolfsburg\n\nManchester City\n\n\nBelgium\nIndividual" ]

[ 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 ]

[ "In 2017–18 he had a significant role in Manchester City's record in becoming the only Premier League team to attain 100 points in a single season.", "In 2019–20, De Bruyne tied the record for most assists in a Premier League season and was awarded Player of the Season (which he won again in 2021–22)." ]

[ "De Bruyne began his career with hometown club KVV Drongen in 1997.", "Two years later, he joined Gent and moved to Genk in 2005.", "De Bruyne continued his development in their youth set-up and was rewarded for his progress by being promoted to the first team squad in 2008.", "From an Interview with his youth club, it was revealed that De Bruyne was a Liverpool fan and admirer of Michael Owen.", "De Bruyne made his first team debut for Genk in a 3–0 defeat at Charleroi on 9 May 2009.", "Having established himself in the team the following season, on 7 February 2010, De Bruyne scored his first goal for the club, which secured all three points for Genk in a 1–0 win against Standard Liège.", "He scored five goals and made 16 assists in 32 league matches during the 2010–11 season as Genk were crowned Belgian champions for the third time.", "On 29 October 2011, De Bruyne scored his first hat-trick for Genk against Club Brugge, which ended in a 5–4 win for Genk.", "On 28 January 2012, De Bruyne scored a brace against OH Leuven in a 5–0 win.", "On 18 February 2012, De Bruyne scored his first goal back at Genk following his agreed transfer to Chelsea and also assisted the other goal in a 1–2 away win against Mons.", "De Bruyne ended the season by wrapping up the scoring in a 3–1 victory over Gent.", "He finished the league campaign with eight goals from 28 appearances.", "On 31 January 2012, on the winter transfer deadline day, Premier League club Chelsea and Genk announced the permanent signing of De Bruyne, with the fee rumoured to be in the region of £7 million.", "He signed a five-and-a-half-year contract at Stamford Bridge, but would stay at Genk for the remainder of the 2011–12 season.", "De Bruyne told the club website, \"To come to a team like Chelsea is a dream", "but now I have to work hard to achieve the level that's necessary.\"", "On 18 July 2012, De Bruyne made his debut for Chelsea in a friendly match against Major League Soccer (MLS) side Seattle Sounders FC in a 4–2 win.", "De Bruyne also played the first half against Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint-Germain at Yankee Stadium, New York City.", "On 31 July 2012, Chelsea announced that De Bruyne was to join Werder Bremen in the Bundesliga on a season-long loan deal.", "He scored his first goal for Bremen in a 3–2 defeat to Hannover 96 on 15 September, netting from 11 yards out after being played in by Eljero Elia.", "He continued his good form, scoring in Bremen's next game, a 2–2 draw with VfB Stuttgart, on 23 September.", "De Bruyne got back on the score sheet on 18 November, scoring the winning goal — despite his team being down to 10 men — as Bremen came from a goal down to defeat Fortuna Düsseldorf 2–1.\nDe Bruyne scored his first goal in over two months on 4 May 2013, since netting a consolation goal in Bayern Munich's 6–1 hammering of Bremen, putting his side up 2–0 at home to TSG 1899 Hoffenheim before a late brace from Sven Schipplock meant that the game finished 2–2.", "He followed this up with a goal in Bremen's next match, securing a place in the Bundesliga for the next season with a 1–1 draw against Eintracht Frankfurt on 11 May.", "After a successful loan spell in the Bundesliga with Werder Bremen, De Bruyne was linked with a move to stay in Germany with either Borussia Dortmund or Bayer Leverkusen.", "Incoming manager José Mourinho, however, assured De Bruyne he was a part of Chelsea's plan for the future, and the player officially returned to Chelsea on 1 July 2013.", "De Bruyne injured a knee while scoring his first goal for Chelsea, in a pre-season friendly game against a Malaysia XI, but was fit to make his competitive debut on the opening day of the 2013–14 Premier League season against Hull City, and made an assist for the first goal in a 2–0 win.", "On 18 January 2014, Wolfsburg signed De Bruyne for a fee of £18 million (€22 million).", "On 25 January 2014, he made his debut for Wolfsburg in a 3–1 home loss against Hannover 96.", "On 12 April 2014, De Bruyne assisted 2 goals in their 4–1 home win against 1. FC Nürnberg.", "After a week he scored his first goal for Wolfsburg in 3–1 away win against Hamburger SV.", "He also scored in the last two matches of the Bundesliga helping his team to win against VfB Stuttgart and Borussia Mönchengladbach.", "De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2014–15 season on 2 October 2014, volleying in a clearance from outside the box to salvage a 1–1 draw against Lille in the Europa League.", "In the third group match away to Krasnodar on 23 October, De Bruyne scored twice as Wolfsburg secured their first win in the competition with a 4–2 victory.", "On 30 January 2015, he scored another brace in a 4–1 home win against Bayern Munich, their first Bundesliga defeat since April 2014.", "On 1 March 2015, De Bruyne assisted three goals in a 5–3 win over his former club Werder Bremen.", "On 12 March 2015, De Bruyne scored two goals in a 3–1 first leg Europa League round of 16 victory over Internazionale.", "On 15 March 2015, he scored one goal and assisted another two in 3–0 victory over SC Freiburg.", "De Bruyne ended the league season with 10 goals and 21 assists, the latter a new Bundesliga record, as Wolfsburg finished second in the Bundesliga and qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League.", "On 30 May 2015, he started and scored in the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final as \"Die Wölfe\" defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–1 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.", "De Bruyne ended his breakout season with 16 goals and 27 assists in all competitions, and was named the 2015 Germany Footballer of the Year.", "De Bruyne began the season by winning the 2015 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich, providing the cross for Nicklas Bendtner's 89th-minute equaliser for a 1–1 draw and then scoring in the subsequent penalty shootout.", "On 8 August 2015, he continued his good form by scoring his first goal of the season, and providing two assists in a 4–1 win at Stuttgarter Kickers in the first round of the DFB-Pokal.", "In August, in the midst of transfer speculation, De Bruyne said that he would not force Wolfsburg to sell him, but also said that he could not ignore interest from Manchester City, saying: \"If an offer does come, I will hear about it and how much it is, but I have not yet heard anything...", "I would not go to England just to prove that I can play there.", "I do not have to go to England...", "If I go there it's because for me and for my family it is a good choice.", "That's the key for me.", "\"\nOn 10 August, it was reported that Manchester City had made a second bid for De Bruyne worth £47 million.", "Wolfsburg sporting director, Klaus Allofs, said the club would fight to keep him, saying \"I think some other clubs have definitely turned Kevin’s head...", "Some huge figures are doing the rounds and I can understand why Kevin is leaving everything open.\"", "On 27 August, it was reported that City had made a further bid for De Bruyne worth £58 million.", "Klaus Allofs said that City had made an \"astonishing\" wage offer to De Bruyne.", "On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six-year contract, for a reported club-record fee of £55 million (€75 million), making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014.", "He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing the injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute.", "On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2–1 loss.", "He went on to score in a 4–1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September and a 4–1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September.", "On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6–1 win against Newcastle United.", "On 2 October, De Bruyne was announced as one of the players on the longlist for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or award, alongside teammates Agüero and Yaya Touré.", "Just 18 days later, on 20 October he was revealed by FIFA as one of the players on the 23-man shortlist for the Ballon d'Or.", "On 21 October, De Bruyne scored an injury-time winner against Sevilla in the UEFA Champions League, to take City within one point of group leaders Juventus, with three games remaining.", "On 1 December, he scored a brace in a 4–1 win over Hull City to send Manchester City through to the semi-finals of the Football League Cup.", "On 27 January 2016, De Bruyne scored a goal in a League Cup semi-final 3–1 victory over Everton, but sustained an injury to his right knee that would keep him out of the team for two months.", "On 2 April, De Bruyne made his return from injury in a 4–0 win against Bournemouth at Dean Court, scoring the team's second goal in the twelfth minute.", "Four days later, he scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw with Paris Saint-Germain in the UEFA Champions League quarter-final first-leg at the Parc des Princes.", "On 12 April, De Bruyne scored the winning goal against Paris Saint-Germain, advancing Manchester City to the Champions League semi-finals, for the first time in the club's history, on an aggregate score of 3–2.", "Writing in \"The Independent\", Mark Ogden said, \"It was a stunning goal from the Belgian, who took a touch to control the ball before curling it beyond Kevin Trapp from the edge of the penalty area.\"", "De Bruyne's next goal came on 8 May 2016 in a 2–2 draw with Arsenal, although the result left City's Champions League qualification hopes out of their own hands.", "On 10 September 2016, De Bruyne scored and assisted in the first Manchester derby of the season which City won 2–1 and was awarded the \"Man of the Match\".", "On 17 September 2016, De Bruyne was awarded the \"Man of the Match\", in a 4–0 win over Bournemouth.", "De Bruyne scored the first, assisted the fourth, and provided key passes on both the second and third goals.", "After the international break, Manchester City drew their next game, against Everton, played on 15 October 2016 with the scoreline finishing at 1–1.", "Agüero and De Bruyne both missed their penalties while Nolito came off the bench to equalise for City.", "On 1 November, De Bruyne scored from a free kick in the team's 3–1 win over FC Barcelona.", "On 21 January 2017, De Bruyne was involved in both of City's goals, as he netted once himself and also assisted Leroy Sané's, in a 2–2 home draw with Tottenham Hotspur; he was subsequently named man of the match.", "On 19 March 2017, De Bruyne displayed an excellent performance in a 1–1 draw against Liverpool at the Etihad Stadium, where he set up a goal for Agüero.", "De Bruyne set up both Agüero's and Gabriel Jesus' goals, on 9 September 2017, in a 5–0 home victory over Liverpool.", "On 16 September, De Bruyne assisted Agüero for his first goal in an eventual 6–0 win over Watford.", "On 26 September, De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2017–18 season in a 2–0 win over Shakhtar Donetsk.", "On 30 September 2017, he scored his first goal of the 2017–18 Premier League season, as City beat his former club Chelsea with a 1–0 scoreline at Stamford Bridge.", "On 14 October, De Bruyne provided two assists in a 7–2 win over Stoke City.", "On 5 November, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Arsenal.", "On 18 November, he scored in a 2–0 away win over Leicester City.", "On 29 November, he scored City's opener and assisted Raheem Sterling's last-minute winner in a 2–1 win over Southampton.", "On 13 December, De Bruyne scored in a 4–0 away win over Swansea City, which extended their record run of consecutive top-flight wins to 15 games.", "On 16 December, he scored in a 4–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur, with Pep Guardiola saying that De Bruyne is \"helping the club become a better institution\".", "On 27 December, De Bruyne provided an assist for Sterling's goal in a 1–0 win over Newcastle United.", "On 9 January, De Bruyne scored in a 2–1 win over Bristol City in the first leg of the semi-finals of the EFL Cup.", "On 20 January, he provided an assist for Agüero's first goal of the game (who scored a hat-trick in the game), in a 3–1 win over Newcastle United.", "On 22 January 2018, De Bruyne signed a new long-term contract with the club, keeping him at the club until 2023.", "On 23 January, he scored the winning goal in a 3–2 win over Bristol City in the EFL Cup semi-final second leg, which helped City advance to the final, having won the tie by an aggregate scoreline of 5–3.", "On 31 January, he scored and assisted in a 3–0 win over West Bromwich Albion, and was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "On 10 February, he provided three assists, two for Agüero and one for Raheem Sterling, in a 5–1 win over Leicester City, taking his assists tally to 14.", "On 25 February, he started in the 2018 EFL Cup Final against Arsenal, and played the whole 90 minutes, with Manchester City winning 3–0 to obtain their first piece of silverware of the 2017–18 season, and their first trophy overall under Pep Guardiola.", "On 31 March 2018, he provided an assist for Gabriel Jesus in a 3–1 win over Everton, ensuring that City would require only one more win to secure the Premier League title.", "On 22 April, he scored in a 5–0 win over Swansea City.", "On 13 May, on the final day of the season, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' winning goal in a 1–0 win over Southampton, which took champions City's total points tally to 100.", "De Bruyne was also voted as BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "For his 16 assists registered across the league season, De Bruyne won the inaugural Premier League Playmaker of the Season award.", "He was also selected in the PFA Team of the Year, and was also voted as Manchester City Player of the Season.", "On 15 August 2018, De Bruyne suffered a knee injury during a training session, with several news websites reporting that he could potentially not play for up to three months.", "Two days later, Manchester City confirmed that he had suffered a lesion of the lateral collateral ligament in his right knee, with no surgery required, and that he was expected to not play for three months.", "Soon after De Bruyne returned to action in October 2018, he once again suffered a knee ligament injury in the fourth round of the EFL Cup against Fulham.", "The injury was expected to keep him out for 5–6 weeks but he resumed full training much earlier than expected after only 3 weeks out.", "He came on as substitute in the FA Cup final against Watford, scoring the third goal and assisting two more, as City won the first-ever domestic treble in English men's football.", "His performances meant he was named \"Man of the Match\".", "On 30 November 2019, De Bruyne scored a half-volley in a 2–2 draw against Newcastle in the league, that strike was later voted as Premier League Goal of the Month for November.", "On 15 December 2019, he scored a brace in a 3–0 Premier League win over Arsenal at the Emirates.", "De Bruyne scored his 50th City goal in all competitions on 26 February 2020 in their 2–1 victory, coming from behind, over Real Madrid in their Champions League Round of 16 clash.", "In the final Premier League match of the season, City beat Norwich City 5–0 at home.", "De Bruyne scored two goals and registered his 20th league assist, which equalled Thierry Henry's record for the most assists in a season, and also won his second Playmaker of the Season award.", "In addition he became the first player in history to reach 20 assists in a single season in two of Europe's top five leagues.", "His long range curler in that game also won him Premier League Goal of the Month for the second time in the season.", "At the end of the season he was awarded the Premier League Player of the Season after scoring 13 goals, providing 20 assists and creating 104 chances from open play, the most for a player in any of Europe's top five leagues since 2006.", "He was also named in the PFA Team of the Year and won the PFA Player of the Year award, becoming the first ever Manchester City player to win it.", "On 21 September 2020, De Bruyne scored and assisted in a 3–1 away win over Wolverhampton Wanderers in City's first game of the season.", "With the crucial visit of the Premier League champions, Liverpool, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' equalizer before winning a penalty, which he subsequently fired wide.", "The game ended in a 1–1 draw.", "On 7 April, De Bruyne signed a four-year contract after negotiating it with help of statistical data to make case for a 30% pay increase.", "On 25 April 2021, De Bruyne's free-kick was headed into the goal by Aymeric Laporte, allowing City to win 1–0 against Tottenham Hotspur in the EFL Cup Final at Wembley Stadium.", "On 28 April, he scored a goal in a 2–1 away win over Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League semi-finals.", "On 29 May, De Bruyne had a head injury after colliding with Antonio Rüdiger in the second half of the Champions League Final, to be substituted by Gabriel Jesus; however, his team lost 1–0 against his former club Chelsea.", "Medical scans after the game revealed De Bruyne to have suffered acute nose bone and left orbital fractures, placing doubt on his participation in the rescheduled UEFA Euro 2020 tournament.", "At the end of the season, Kevin was awarded with the PFA Player's Player Of The Year award.", "On 11 May 2022, De Bruyne scored four goals inside 24 minutes in City's 5–1 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers, his first hat-trick with the club and the third-quickest in Premier League history.", "Sky Sports commentator Andy Hinchcliffe described the feat as \"Twenty-three minutes of footballing genius\" and Jeremy Wilson, writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\", said \"De Bruyne's 'wrong-footed' hat-trick was one of the best displays in Premier League history\".", "De Bruyne was capped by Belgium at under-18, under-19, and under-21 level.", "He made his debut for the Belgian senior team on 11 August 2010 in an international friendly against Finland in Turku; the game ended in a 1–0 loss for Belgium.", "Before making his full debut for Belgium's senior side, De Bruyne was eligible to play for Burundi, his mother's birthplace.", "De Bruyne became a regular member of Belgium's team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, where he scored four goals as the Red Devils qualified for their first major tournament in 12 years.", "On 13 May 2014, he was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.", "In their first game of the tournament, against Algeria in Belo Horizonte, De Bruyne assisted Marouane Fellaini's equaliser and was named man of the match by FIFA.", "In the round of 16, De Bruyne scored Belgium's opening goal in the third minute of extra time as they defeated the United States 2–1.", "On 10 October 2014, De Bruyne scored twice in a 6–0 rout of Andorra in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, equaling the team's record victory in a European qualifier set in 1986.", "On 3 September 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "On 10 October 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 4–1 win over Andorra, which secured Belgium's place at the UEFA Euro 2016 finals.", "Three days later, he scored in a 3–1 win over Israel, securing Belgium top-spot in the group.", "On 31 May 2016, De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016.", "On 18 June 2016, De Bruyne was praised for his performance in Belgium's 3–0 win over the Republic of Ireland.", "On 26 June 2016, De Bruyne was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\" for his performance in a 4–0 win over Hungary in the round of 16, where he provided two assists.", "De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.", "On 18 June, in the opening game against debutants Panama, De Bruyne provided an assist for Romelu Lukaku in an eventual 3–0 win.", "On 6 July, he scored the second goal of the match in a 2–1 quarter-final victory over Brazil and was named the man of the match.", "In the semi-finals, Belgium were defeated 1–0 by eventual champions France.", "On 14 July, Belgium defeated England 2–0 in the third-place play-off.", "On 17 June 2021, De Bruyne scored his first and the winning goal in Belgium's second match of UEFA Euro 2020, a 2–1 win over Denmark.", "He had also previously assisted the team's first goal.", "During round of 16 clash with Portugal, De Bruyne suffered an ankle injury from a tackle from behind, by Portugal's Joao Palhinha.", "On 2 July Belgium manager Roberto Martinez said that De Bruyne could recover in time for the quarter-final match, later that day, despite not training all week and he was later confirmed in the starting line-up.", "De Bruyne is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world, and he has often been described as a \"complete\" footballer.", "Considered to be a versatile and highly talented player in the media, he plays mainly as a central or an attacking midfielder but can also operate in several other positions, and has been used as a winger or second striker; he has even been deployed in a deeper creative midfield position, or even in a box-to-box role on occasion, or as a false 9.", "He is often described by pundits as one of the best and most complete modern day advanced playmakers, due to his technique, skill, athleticism, work-rate off the ball, vision, crossing accuracy, wide range of passing, and powerful long-range shooting ability with either foot.", "Although he is not blessed with significant physical strength, pace, or ability in the air, he is a quick and elegant player on the ball, with good dribbling skills, while his positional sense, tactical intelligence, movement, direct style of play, and ability to run at defences when in possession also enable him to take advantage of spaces in the opposition's defence, and subsequently create chances and goalscoring opportunities for himself or his teammates, making him a dangerous offensive threat on counter-attacks.", "In addition to his creative abilities, he is also capable of scoring goals by making late runs off the ball from behind into the penalty area, and is an accurate set-piece taker.", "De Bruyne was ranked the fourth-best footballer in the world by \"The Guardian\" in 2017 and the twelfth-best in 2019.", "In 2020 his Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola described him as the best midfielder in the world.", "De Bruyne's mother is Belgian, born in Burundi and has also lived in the Ivory Coast.", "Drongen, his hometown, is a sub municipality of the city of Ghent, in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.", "Aside from his mother tongue Dutch, De Bruyne also speaks French, English, and German.", "Since 2014 De Bruyne has been in a relationship with Michèle Lacroix.", "The couple married in June 2017, and have three children together.", "His autobiography, titled \"Keep It Simple\", was published by Borgerhoff & Lamberigts in October 2014, following an incident between De Bruyne and his compatriot Thibaut Courtois, in which De Bruyne's then-girlfriend left him for Courtois.", "De Bruyne wrote in his autobiography, \"Although I still can not believe what Courtois has done, we continue to work together professionally.", "\"\nDe Bruyne was an ambassador for the 2014 Special Olympics, which took place in Antwerp, and was involved in a controversial advertisement campaign, via his personal Instagram account.", "Employing the slogan (in Dutch): \"Would you still be my fan if I looked like this?\", De Bruyne was depicted resembling a person with Down syndrome.", "\"As of match played 8 June 2022\"\n\"Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each De Bruyne goal\"", "Genk\n\nVfL Wolfsburg\n\nManchester City\n\n\nBelgium\nIndividual" ]

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[ "De Bruyne made his full international debut in 2010, and he has since earned over 90 caps and scored 24 goals for Belgium.", "He was a member of the Belgian squads that reached the quarter-finals both at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and at UEFA Euro 2016.", "He represented Belgium at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, where Belgium won the third place play-off match against England, and was named in the FIFA World Cup Dream Team." ]

[ "De Bruyne began his career with hometown club KVV Drongen in 1997.", "Two years later, he joined Gent and moved to Genk in 2005.", "De Bruyne continued his development in their youth set-up and was rewarded for his progress by being promoted to the first team squad in 2008.", "From an Interview with his youth club, it was revealed that De Bruyne was a Liverpool fan and admirer of Michael Owen.", "De Bruyne made his first team debut for Genk in a 3–0 defeat at Charleroi on 9 May 2009.", "Having established himself in the team the following season, on 7 February 2010, De Bruyne scored his first goal for the club, which secured all three points for Genk in a 1–0 win against Standard Liège.", "He scored five goals and made 16 assists in 32 league matches during the 2010–11 season as Genk were crowned Belgian champions for the third time.", "On 29 October 2011, De Bruyne scored his first hat-trick for Genk against Club Brugge, which ended in a 5–4 win for Genk.", "On 28 January 2012, De Bruyne scored a brace against OH Leuven in a 5–0 win.", "On 18 February 2012, De Bruyne scored his first goal back at Genk following his agreed transfer to Chelsea and also assisted the other goal in a 1–2 away win against Mons.", "De Bruyne ended the season by wrapping up the scoring in a 3–1 victory over Gent.", "He finished the league campaign with eight goals from 28 appearances.", "On 31 January 2012, on the winter transfer deadline day, Premier League club Chelsea and Genk announced the permanent signing of De Bruyne, with the fee rumoured to be in the region of £7 million.", "He signed a five-and-a-half-year contract at Stamford Bridge, but would stay at Genk for the remainder of the 2011–12 season.", "De Bruyne told the club website, \"To come to a team like Chelsea is a dream", "but now I have to work hard to achieve the level that's necessary.\"", "On 18 July 2012, De Bruyne made his debut for Chelsea in a friendly match against Major League Soccer (MLS) side Seattle Sounders FC in a 4–2 win.", "De Bruyne also played the first half against Ligue 1 giants Paris Saint-Germain at Yankee Stadium, New York City.", "On 31 July 2012, Chelsea announced that De Bruyne was to join Werder Bremen in the Bundesliga on a season-long loan deal.", "He scored his first goal for Bremen in a 3–2 defeat to Hannover 96 on 15 September, netting from 11 yards out after being played in by Eljero Elia.", "He continued his good form, scoring in Bremen's next game, a 2–2 draw with VfB Stuttgart, on 23 September.", "De Bruyne got back on the score sheet on 18 November, scoring the winning goal — despite his team being down to 10 men — as Bremen came from a goal down to defeat Fortuna Düsseldorf 2–1.\nDe Bruyne scored his first goal in over two months on 4 May 2013, since netting a consolation goal in Bayern Munich's 6–1 hammering of Bremen, putting his side up 2–0 at home to TSG 1899 Hoffenheim before a late brace from Sven Schipplock meant that the game finished 2–2.", "He followed this up with a goal in Bremen's next match, securing a place in the Bundesliga for the next season with a 1–1 draw against Eintracht Frankfurt on 11 May.", "After a successful loan spell in the Bundesliga with Werder Bremen, De Bruyne was linked with a move to stay in Germany with either Borussia Dortmund or Bayer Leverkusen.", "Incoming manager José Mourinho, however, assured De Bruyne he was a part of Chelsea's plan for the future, and the player officially returned to Chelsea on 1 July 2013.", "De Bruyne injured a knee while scoring his first goal for Chelsea, in a pre-season friendly game against a Malaysia XI, but was fit to make his competitive debut on the opening day of the 2013–14 Premier League season against Hull City, and made an assist for the first goal in a 2–0 win.", "On 18 January 2014, Wolfsburg signed De Bruyne for a fee of £18 million (€22 million).", "On 25 January 2014, he made his debut for Wolfsburg in a 3–1 home loss against Hannover 96.", "On 12 April 2014, De Bruyne assisted 2 goals in their 4–1 home win against 1. FC Nürnberg.", "After a week he scored his first goal for Wolfsburg in 3–1 away win against Hamburger SV.", "He also scored in the last two matches of the Bundesliga helping his team to win against VfB Stuttgart and Borussia Mönchengladbach.", "De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2014–15 season on 2 October 2014, volleying in a clearance from outside the box to salvage a 1–1 draw against Lille in the Europa League.", "In the third group match away to Krasnodar on 23 October, De Bruyne scored twice as Wolfsburg secured their first win in the competition with a 4–2 victory.", "On 30 January 2015, he scored another brace in a 4–1 home win against Bayern Munich, their first Bundesliga defeat since April 2014.", "On 1 March 2015, De Bruyne assisted three goals in a 5–3 win over his former club Werder Bremen.", "On 12 March 2015, De Bruyne scored two goals in a 3–1 first leg Europa League round of 16 victory over Internazionale.", "On 15 March 2015, he scored one goal and assisted another two in 3–0 victory over SC Freiburg.", "De Bruyne ended the league season with 10 goals and 21 assists, the latter a new Bundesliga record, as Wolfsburg finished second in the Bundesliga and qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League.", "On 30 May 2015, he started and scored in the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final as \"Die Wölfe\" defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–1 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.", "De Bruyne ended his breakout season with 16 goals and 27 assists in all competitions, and was named the 2015 Germany Footballer of the Year.", "De Bruyne began the season by winning the 2015 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich, providing the cross for Nicklas Bendtner's 89th-minute equaliser for a 1–1 draw and then scoring in the subsequent penalty shootout.", "On 8 August 2015, he continued his good form by scoring his first goal of the season, and providing two assists in a 4–1 win at Stuttgarter Kickers in the first round of the DFB-Pokal.", "In August, in the midst of transfer speculation, De Bruyne said that he would not force Wolfsburg to sell him, but also said that he could not ignore interest from Manchester City, saying: \"If an offer does come, I will hear about it and how much it is, but I have not yet heard anything...", "I would not go to England just to prove that I can play there.", "I do not have to go to England...", "If I go there it's because for me and for my family it is a good choice.", "That's the key for me.", "\"\nOn 10 August, it was reported that Manchester City had made a second bid for De Bruyne worth £47 million.", "Wolfsburg sporting director, Klaus Allofs, said the club would fight to keep him, saying \"I think some other clubs have definitely turned Kevin’s head...", "Some huge figures are doing the rounds and I can understand why Kevin is leaving everything open.\"", "On 27 August, it was reported that City had made a further bid for De Bruyne worth £58 million.", "Klaus Allofs said that City had made an \"astonishing\" wage offer to De Bruyne.", "On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six-year contract, for a reported club-record fee of £55 million (€75 million), making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014.", "He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing the injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute.", "On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2–1 loss.", "He went on to score in a 4–1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September and a 4–1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September.", "On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6–1 win against Newcastle United.", "On 2 October, De Bruyne was announced as one of the players on the longlist for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or award, alongside teammates Agüero and Yaya Touré.", "Just 18 days later, on 20 October he was revealed by FIFA as one of the players on the 23-man shortlist for the Ballon d'Or.", "On 21 October, De Bruyne scored an injury-time winner against Sevilla in the UEFA Champions League, to take City within one point of group leaders Juventus, with three games remaining.", "On 1 December, he scored a brace in a 4–1 win over Hull City to send Manchester City through to the semi-finals of the Football League Cup.", "On 27 January 2016, De Bruyne scored a goal in a League Cup semi-final 3–1 victory over Everton, but sustained an injury to his right knee that would keep him out of the team for two months.", "On 2 April, De Bruyne made his return from injury in a 4–0 win against Bournemouth at Dean Court, scoring the team's second goal in the twelfth minute.", "Four days later, he scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw with Paris Saint-Germain in the UEFA Champions League quarter-final first-leg at the Parc des Princes.", "On 12 April, De Bruyne scored the winning goal against Paris Saint-Germain, advancing Manchester City to the Champions League semi-finals, for the first time in the club's history, on an aggregate score of 3–2.", "Writing in \"The Independent\", Mark Ogden said, \"It was a stunning goal from the Belgian, who took a touch to control the ball before curling it beyond Kevin Trapp from the edge of the penalty area.\"", "De Bruyne's next goal came on 8 May 2016 in a 2–2 draw with Arsenal, although the result left City's Champions League qualification hopes out of their own hands.", "On 10 September 2016, De Bruyne scored and assisted in the first Manchester derby of the season which City won 2–1 and was awarded the \"Man of the Match\".", "On 17 September 2016, De Bruyne was awarded the \"Man of the Match\", in a 4–0 win over Bournemouth.", "De Bruyne scored the first, assisted the fourth, and provided key passes on both the second and third goals.", "After the international break, Manchester City drew their next game, against Everton, played on 15 October 2016 with the scoreline finishing at 1–1.", "Agüero and De Bruyne both missed their penalties while Nolito came off the bench to equalise for City.", "On 1 November, De Bruyne scored from a free kick in the team's 3–1 win over FC Barcelona.", "On 21 January 2017, De Bruyne was involved in both of City's goals, as he netted once himself and also assisted Leroy Sané's, in a 2–2 home draw with Tottenham Hotspur; he was subsequently named man of the match.", "On 19 March 2017, De Bruyne displayed an excellent performance in a 1–1 draw against Liverpool at the Etihad Stadium, where he set up a goal for Agüero.", "De Bruyne set up both Agüero's and Gabriel Jesus' goals, on 9 September 2017, in a 5–0 home victory over Liverpool.", "On 16 September, De Bruyne assisted Agüero for his first goal in an eventual 6–0 win over Watford.", "On 26 September, De Bruyne scored his first goal of the 2017–18 season in a 2–0 win over Shakhtar Donetsk.", "On 30 September 2017, he scored his first goal of the 2017–18 Premier League season, as City beat his former club Chelsea with a 1–0 scoreline at Stamford Bridge.", "On 14 October, De Bruyne provided two assists in a 7–2 win over Stoke City.", "On 5 November, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Arsenal.", "On 18 November, he scored in a 2–0 away win over Leicester City.", "On 29 November, he scored City's opener and assisted Raheem Sterling's last-minute winner in a 2–1 win over Southampton.", "On 13 December, De Bruyne scored in a 4–0 away win over Swansea City, which extended their record run of consecutive top-flight wins to 15 games.", "On 16 December, he scored in a 4–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur, with Pep Guardiola saying that De Bruyne is \"helping the club become a better institution\".", "On 27 December, De Bruyne provided an assist for Sterling's goal in a 1–0 win over Newcastle United.", "On 9 January, De Bruyne scored in a 2–1 win over Bristol City in the first leg of the semi-finals of the EFL Cup.", "On 20 January, he provided an assist for Agüero's first goal of the game (who scored a hat-trick in the game), in a 3–1 win over Newcastle United.", "On 22 January 2018, De Bruyne signed a new long-term contract with the club, keeping him at the club until 2023.", "On 23 January, he scored the winning goal in a 3–2 win over Bristol City in the EFL Cup semi-final second leg, which helped City advance to the final, having won the tie by an aggregate scoreline of 5–3.", "On 31 January, he scored and assisted in a 3–0 win over West Bromwich Albion, and was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "On 10 February, he provided three assists, two for Agüero and one for Raheem Sterling, in a 5–1 win over Leicester City, taking his assists tally to 14.", "On 25 February, he started in the 2018 EFL Cup Final against Arsenal, and played the whole 90 minutes, with Manchester City winning 3–0 to obtain their first piece of silverware of the 2017–18 season, and their first trophy overall under Pep Guardiola.", "On 31 March 2018, he provided an assist for Gabriel Jesus in a 3–1 win over Everton, ensuring that City would require only one more win to secure the Premier League title.", "On 22 April, he scored in a 5–0 win over Swansea City.", "On 13 May, on the final day of the season, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' winning goal in a 1–0 win over Southampton, which took champions City's total points tally to 100.", "De Bruyne was also voted as BBC \"Man of the Match\".", "For his 16 assists registered across the league season, De Bruyne won the inaugural Premier League Playmaker of the Season award.", "He was also selected in the PFA Team of the Year, and was also voted as Manchester City Player of the Season.", "On 15 August 2018, De Bruyne suffered a knee injury during a training session, with several news websites reporting that he could potentially not play for up to three months.", "Two days later, Manchester City confirmed that he had suffered a lesion of the lateral collateral ligament in his right knee, with no surgery required, and that he was expected to not play for three months.", "Soon after De Bruyne returned to action in October 2018, he once again suffered a knee ligament injury in the fourth round of the EFL Cup against Fulham.", "The injury was expected to keep him out for 5–6 weeks but he resumed full training much earlier than expected after only 3 weeks out.", "He came on as substitute in the FA Cup final against Watford, scoring the third goal and assisting two more, as City won the first-ever domestic treble in English men's football.", "His performances meant he was named \"Man of the Match\".", "On 30 November 2019, De Bruyne scored a half-volley in a 2–2 draw against Newcastle in the league, that strike was later voted as Premier League Goal of the Month for November.", "On 15 December 2019, he scored a brace in a 3–0 Premier League win over Arsenal at the Emirates.", "De Bruyne scored his 50th City goal in all competitions on 26 February 2020 in their 2–1 victory, coming from behind, over Real Madrid in their Champions League Round of 16 clash.", "In the final Premier League match of the season, City beat Norwich City 5–0 at home.", "De Bruyne scored two goals and registered his 20th league assist, which equalled Thierry Henry's record for the most assists in a season, and also won his second Playmaker of the Season award.", "In addition he became the first player in history to reach 20 assists in a single season in two of Europe's top five leagues.", "His long range curler in that game also won him Premier League Goal of the Month for the second time in the season.", "At the end of the season he was awarded the Premier League Player of the Season after scoring 13 goals, providing 20 assists and creating 104 chances from open play, the most for a player in any of Europe's top five leagues since 2006.", "He was also named in the PFA Team of the Year and won the PFA Player of the Year award, becoming the first ever Manchester City player to win it.", "On 21 September 2020, De Bruyne scored and assisted in a 3–1 away win over Wolverhampton Wanderers in City's first game of the season.", "With the crucial visit of the Premier League champions, Liverpool, De Bruyne assisted Gabriel Jesus' equalizer before winning a penalty, which he subsequently fired wide.", "The game ended in a 1–1 draw.", "On 7 April, De Bruyne signed a four-year contract after negotiating it with help of statistical data to make case for a 30% pay increase.", "On 25 April 2021, De Bruyne's free-kick was headed into the goal by Aymeric Laporte, allowing City to win 1–0 against Tottenham Hotspur in the EFL Cup Final at Wembley Stadium.", "On 28 April, he scored a goal in a 2–1 away win over Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League semi-finals.", "On 29 May, De Bruyne had a head injury after colliding with Antonio Rüdiger in the second half of the Champions League Final, to be substituted by Gabriel Jesus; however, his team lost 1–0 against his former club Chelsea.", "Medical scans after the game revealed De Bruyne to have suffered acute nose bone and left orbital fractures, placing doubt on his participation in the rescheduled UEFA Euro 2020 tournament.", "At the end of the season, Kevin was awarded with the PFA Player's Player Of The Year award.", "On 11 May 2022, De Bruyne scored four goals inside 24 minutes in City's 5–1 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers, his first hat-trick with the club and the third-quickest in Premier League history.", "Sky Sports commentator Andy Hinchcliffe described the feat as \"Twenty-three minutes of footballing genius\" and Jeremy Wilson, writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\", said \"De Bruyne's 'wrong-footed' hat-trick was one of the best displays in Premier League history\".", "De Bruyne was capped by Belgium at under-18, under-19, and under-21 level.", "He made his debut for the Belgian senior team on 11 August 2010 in an international friendly against Finland in Turku; the game ended in a 1–0 loss for Belgium.", "Before making his full debut for Belgium's senior side, De Bruyne was eligible to play for Burundi, his mother's birthplace.", "De Bruyne became a regular member of Belgium's team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, where he scored four goals as the Red Devils qualified for their first major tournament in 12 years.", "On 13 May 2014, he was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.", "In their first game of the tournament, against Algeria in Belo Horizonte, De Bruyne assisted Marouane Fellaini's equaliser and was named man of the match by FIFA.", "In the round of 16, De Bruyne scored Belgium's opening goal in the third minute of extra time as they defeated the United States 2–1.", "On 10 October 2014, De Bruyne scored twice in a 6–0 rout of Andorra in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, equaling the team's record victory in a European qualifier set in 1986.", "On 3 September 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 3–1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "On 10 October 2015, De Bruyne scored in a 4–1 win over Andorra, which secured Belgium's place at the UEFA Euro 2016 finals.", "Three days later, he scored in a 3–1 win over Israel, securing Belgium top-spot in the group.", "On 31 May 2016, De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016.", "On 18 June 2016, De Bruyne was praised for his performance in Belgium's 3–0 win over the Republic of Ireland.", "On 26 June 2016, De Bruyne was voted BBC \"Man of the Match\" for his performance in a 4–0 win over Hungary in the round of 16, where he provided two assists.", "De Bruyne was selected for Belgium's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.", "On 18 June, in the opening game against debutants Panama, De Bruyne provided an assist for Romelu Lukaku in an eventual 3–0 win.", "On 6 July, he scored the second goal of the match in a 2–1 quarter-final victory over Brazil and was named the man of the match.", "In the semi-finals, Belgium were defeated 1–0 by eventual champions France.", "On 14 July, Belgium defeated England 2–0 in the third-place play-off.", "On 17 June 2021, De Bruyne scored his first and the winning goal in Belgium's second match of UEFA Euro 2020, a 2–1 win over Denmark.", "He had also previously assisted the team's first goal.", "During round of 16 clash with Portugal, De Bruyne suffered an ankle injury from a tackle from behind, by Portugal's Joao Palhinha.", "On 2 July Belgium manager Roberto Martinez said that De Bruyne could recover in time for the quarter-final match, later that day, despite not training all week and he was later confirmed in the starting line-up.", "De Bruyne is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world, and he has often been described as a \"complete\" footballer.", "Considered to be a versatile and highly talented player in the media, he plays mainly as a central or an attacking midfielder but can also operate in several other positions, and has been used as a winger or second striker; he has even been deployed in a deeper creative midfield position, or even in a box-to-box role on occasion, or as a false 9.", "He is often described by pundits as one of the best and most complete modern day advanced playmakers, due to his technique, skill, athleticism, work-rate off the ball, vision, crossing accuracy, wide range of passing, and powerful long-range shooting ability with either foot.", "Although he is not blessed with significant physical strength, pace, or ability in the air, he is a quick and elegant player on the ball, with good dribbling skills, while his positional sense, tactical intelligence, movement, direct style of play, and ability to run at defences when in possession also enable him to take advantage of spaces in the opposition's defence, and subsequently create chances and goalscoring opportunities for himself or his teammates, making him a dangerous offensive threat on counter-attacks.", "In addition to his creative abilities, he is also capable of scoring goals by making late runs off the ball from behind into the penalty area, and is an accurate set-piece taker.", "De Bruyne was ranked the fourth-best footballer in the world by \"The Guardian\" in 2017 and the twelfth-best in 2019.", "In 2020 his Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola described him as the best midfielder in the world.", "De Bruyne's mother is Belgian, born in Burundi and has also lived in the Ivory Coast.", "Drongen, his hometown, is a sub municipality of the city of Ghent, in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium.", "Aside from his mother tongue Dutch, De Bruyne also speaks French, English, and German.", "Since 2014 De Bruyne has been in a relationship with Michèle Lacroix.", "The couple married in June 2017, and have three children together.", "His autobiography, titled \"Keep It Simple\", was published by Borgerhoff & Lamberigts in October 2014, following an incident between De Bruyne and his compatriot Thibaut Courtois, in which De Bruyne's then-girlfriend left him for Courtois.", "De Bruyne wrote in his autobiography, \"Although I still can not believe what Courtois has done, we continue to work together professionally.", "\"\nDe Bruyne was an ambassador for the 2014 Special Olympics, which took place in Antwerp, and was involved in a controversial advertisement campaign, via his personal Instagram account.", "Employing the slogan (in Dutch): \"Would you still be my fan if I looked like this?\", De Bruyne was depicted resembling a person with Down syndrome.", "\"As of match played 8 June 2022\"\n\"Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each De Bruyne goal\"", "Genk\n\nVfL Wolfsburg\n\nManchester City\n\n\nBelgium\nIndividual" ]

[ 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154 ]

[ "He is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world and of his generation.", "Pundits have often described him as a \"complete footballer\"." ]

[ "West Germany was led by Franz Beckenbauer, while the Dutch had their star Johan Cruyff and their Total Football system, which had dazzled the competition.", "The start of the match was delayed as the ground staff at the stadium had removed the corner flags for the tournament's closing ceremony (which preceded the final) but then forgot to put them back.", "With just a minute gone, Cruyff was brought down by Uli Hoeneß in the German penalty area following a solo run, and the Dutch took the lead from the ensuing penalty by Johan Neeskens before any German player had even touched the ball.", "West Germany struggled to recover, but they were awarded a penalty of their own in the 25th minute after Bernd Hölzenbein was fouled within the Dutch area.", "Paul Breitner took responsibility for the kick and scored.", "These two penalties were the first to be awarded in a World Cup Final.", "West Germany now pushed for a winner, which eventually came in the 43rd minute through Gerd Müller.", "It turned out to be Müller's last goal for the West German team, as he retired from international football after the tournament.", "As the teams walked off the pitch at half-time, Cruyff was booked for arguing with the referee.", "The second half saw chances for both sides.", "Müller thought he had scored when he put the ball in the net, only to be denied by the linesman flagging for offside.", "In the 85th minute, Hölzenbein fell to ground in the Dutch penalty area again, but referee Taylor did not believe it was a foul.", "When the final whistle went, West Germany were crowned world champions for 1974, in addition to their European title from 1972.", "This was the only case of the reigning European champions winning the World Cup until Spain accomplished the feat in 2010, although France have also held both trophies at the same time by winning the 1998 World Cup followed by Euro 2000.", "The Brazilian João Havelange (FIFA President from 1974 to 1998) made an unsubstantiated claim that the 1966 and 1974 World Cups were fixed so that England and West Germany would win respectively.", "Berti Vogts, back then playing for West Germany, declared in 1997 that the penalty awarded to West Germany was unjustified.", "However, he remains the only one in the team who wants to comment on it.", "<section begin=Final /><section end=Final />\n<section begin=Lineups />\n</includeonly><section end=Lineups />\nMatch rules:" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]

[ "The 1974 FIFA World Cup Final was the final match of the 1974 FIFA World Cup, the 10th FIFA World Cup, a competition to determine the world champion among national men's football sides.", "The match was contested by the Netherlands and West Germany, with West Germany winning 2–1.", "The Netherlands opened the scoring via a Johan Neeskens penalty in the second minute, only for Paul Breitner to equalise with another penalty in the 25th minute before Gerd Müller scored the winning goal in the 43rd minute, claiming West Germany's second FIFA World Cup." ]

[ "West Germany was led by Franz Beckenbauer, while the Dutch had their star Johan Cruyff and their Total Football system, which had dazzled the competition.", "The start of the match was delayed as the ground staff at the stadium had removed the corner flags for the tournament's closing ceremony (which preceded the final) but then forgot to put them back.", "With just a minute gone, Cruyff was brought down by Uli Hoeneß in the German penalty area following a solo run, and the Dutch took the lead from the ensuing penalty by Johan Neeskens before any German player had even touched the ball.", "West Germany struggled to recover, but they were awarded a penalty of their own in the 25th minute after Bernd Hölzenbein was fouled within the Dutch area.", "Paul Breitner took responsibility for the kick and scored.", "These two penalties were the first to be awarded in a World Cup Final.", "West Germany now pushed for a winner, which eventually came in the 43rd minute through Gerd Müller.", "It turned out to be Müller's last goal for the West German team, as he retired from international football after the tournament.", "As the teams walked off the pitch at half-time, Cruyff was booked for arguing with the referee.", "The second half saw chances for both sides.", "Müller thought he had scored when he put the ball in the net, only to be denied by the linesman flagging for offside.", "In the 85th minute, Hölzenbein fell to ground in the Dutch penalty area again, but referee Taylor did not believe it was a foul.", "When the final whistle went, West Germany were crowned world champions for 1974, in addition to their European title from 1972.", "This was the only case of the reigning European champions winning the World Cup until Spain accomplished the feat in 2010, although France have also held both trophies at the same time by winning the 1998 World Cup followed by Euro 2000.", "The Brazilian João Havelange (FIFA President from 1974 to 1998) made an unsubstantiated claim that the 1966 and 1974 World Cups were fixed so that England and West Germany would win respectively.", "Berti Vogts, back then playing for West Germany, declared in 1997 that the penalty awarded to West Germany was unjustified.", "However, he remains the only one in the team who wants to comment on it.", "<section begin=Final /><section end=Final />\n<section begin=Lineups />\n</includeonly><section end=Lineups />\nMatch rules:" ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ]

[ "The 1974 FIFA World Cup Final was the final match of the 1974 FIFA World Cup, the 10th FIFA World Cup, a competition to determine the world champion among national men's football sides.", "The match was contested by the Netherlands and West Germany, with West Germany winning 2–1.", "The Netherlands opened the scoring via a Johan Neeskens penalty in the second minute, only for Paul Breitner to equalise with another penalty in the 25th minute before Gerd Müller scored the winning goal in the 43rd minute, claiming West Germany's second FIFA World Cup." ]

[ "The Oaxaca state is best known for native ancestral cultures.", "The most numerous and best known are the Zapotecs and the Mixtecs, but there are sixteen that are officially recognized.", "These cultures have survived better to the present than most others in Mexico due to the state's rugged and isolating terrain.", "The name of the state comes from the name of its capital city, Oaxaca.", "This name comes from the Nahuatl word \"Huaxyacac\", which refers to a tree called a \"guaje\" (Leucaena leucocephala), found in area around the capital city.", "The name was originally applied to the Valley of Oaxaca by Nahuatl speaking Aztecs.", "Most of what is known about pre-historic Oaxaca comes from archeological work in the Central Valleys region.", "Evidence of human habitation dating back to about 11,000 years BCE has been found in the Guilá Naquitz cave near the town of Mitla.", "This area was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2010 in recognition for the \"earliest known evidence of domesticated plants in the continent, while corn cob fragments from the same cave are said to be the earliest documented evidence for the domestication of maize.\"", "More finds of nomadic peoples date back to about 5000 BCE, with some evidence of the beginning of agriculture.", "By 2000 BCE, agriculture had been established in the Central Valleys region of the state, with sedentary villages.", "The diet developed around this time would remain until the Spanish Conquest, consisting primarily of harvested corn, beans, chocolate, tomatoes, chili peppers, squash and gourds.", "Meat was generally hunted and included tepescuintle, turkey, deer, peccary, armadillo and iguana.", "The oldest known major settlements, such as Yanhuitlán and Laguna Zope are located in this area as well.", "The latter settlement is known for its small figures called \"pretty women\" or \"baby face.\"", "Between 1200 and 900 BCE, pottery was being produced in the area as well.", "This pottery has been linked with similar work done in La Victoria, Guatemala.", "Other important settlements from the same time period include Tierras Largas, San José Mogote and Guadalupe, whose ceramics show Olmec influence.", "The major native language family, Oto-Manguean, is thought to have been spoken in northern Oaxaca around 4400 BCE and to have evolved into nine distinct branches by 1500 BCE.", "The Zapotecs were the earliest to gain dominance over the Central Valleys region.", "The first major dominion was centered in Monte Albán, which flourished from 500 BCE until 750 CE.", "At its height, Monte Albán was home to some 25,000 people and was the capital city of the Zapotec nation.", "It remained a secondary center of power for the Zapotecs until the Mixtecs overran it in 1325.", "The Zapotec civilization was a native ancient culture that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca of southern Mesoamerica.", "Archaeological evidence shows their culture goes back at least 2500 years.", "They left archaeological evidence at the ancient city of Monte Albán in the form of buildings, ball courts, magnificent tombs and grave goods including finely worked gold jewelry.", "Little is known about the Zapotec origins, unlike other mesoamerican cultures, they did not have a known tradition or legend about their origins, they believed that were born directly from rocks, trees and Jaguars.", "Archaeologist Marcus Winter points out the following development stages of the culture:\n# Agricultural Stage (9500 a 1500 BCE)\n# Settlements Stage (1500 a 500 BCE)\n# Urban Stage (500 BCE to 750 CE)\n# Altépetl or City-State Stage (750 a 1521 CE)\nThe expansion of the Zapotec empire peaked during the Monte Alban II phase.", "Zapotecs conquered or colonized settlements far beyond The Valley of Oaxaca.", "This expansion is visible in several ways; most important is the sudden change of ceramics found in regions outside the valley.", "These regions previously had their own unique styles which were suddenly replaced with Zapotec style pottery, indicating that they had become part of the Zapotec empire.", "The name \"Zapotec\" is an exonym coming from Nahuatl \"tzapotēcah\" (singular \"tzapotēcatl\"), which means \"inhabitants of the place of sapote\".", "The Zapotec referred to themselves by some variant of the term \"Be'ena'a\", which means \"The People.\"", "The site comprises about 197 mounds within a 117 hectares area; most of the mounds are covered by weeds.", "The site was occupied from 700 BC, and it apogee matches that of Monte Alban.", "The site was abandoned around 750 AD., and it also matches the Monte Alban abandonment and disintegration of the zapoteco state.", "This disintegration formed numerous smaller settlements in the Oaxaca Valley during that time; it is believed that the Lambityeco population might have moved to the Yagul site, located a few kilometers west.", "Lambityeco occupation began around 700 BC., before the Monte Alban foundation, and concluded around 750 AD.", "The Lambityeco apogee occurred between 600 and 750 AD.; a time in which significant changes took place in the Oaxaca Valley as a result of the gradual weakening and abandonment of Monte Alban, one of those changes is the blossoming of several ceremonial civic centers.", "Although of lesser scale and political influence Lambityeco was one of them.", "These establishments retook political leadership and perhaps most of the Monte Alban population.", "This site sculpted representations unlike those commonly found in Monte Alban document important royalty marriages, source of the very important postclassical political cohesion.", "The initial explorations of these palaces, along with their tombs were excavated and recovered in 1961-1976 under the direction of John Paddock.", "Lambityeco is a site with over two hundred platforms of which, unfortunately only two have been explored, structures 195 and 190.", "This set includes the largest site structure, it is 6 meters high made up of two slope bodies with stairways on its west side.", "There are remains of walls of a temple-patio-altar complex.", "Its rear section was constructed towards the end of the site occupation covers a large area.", "Under the remains stratified remains of six residences belonging to elite groups and three associated tombs that can be seen climbing up the noted stairway.", "According to carbon 14 dating those rooms were occupied during an estimated period of 115 years, each house would have been used by a period of 23 to 29 years during four or five generations.", "The currently visible construction, once the covering materials were removed, has been called the House of the Great Lord.", "The building constructed with adobe and stucco finished includes a series of rooms covering a surface of 370 square meters, the north patio rooms surely were used as dormitories, the south Patio is larger and elaborated, it is believed governors attended public matters here.", "In the east side a two level, three element altar was built, with the characteristic recessed board zapoteco style.", "The inner tableau has a series of stucco figures summarizing aspects of Lambityeco governors and their spouses.", "The people depicted in the tableau are: a man in a horizontal position (face down), with a tipped jaw, has ears, wears a maxtlatl and in his hand holds a human femur.", "The female is in the same position as the man with a Zapotec hairstyle with entwined ribbons, earrings and round bead necklaces, wears a quechquemitl.", "In the frieze located on the northern wall, are depicted \"Señor 4 cara humana\" and \"Señora 10 mono\" who occupied the oldest Palace between 600 and 625 CE.", "On the frieze located on the southern wall are depicted \"Señor 8 búho\" and \"Señora 3 turquesa\" that utilized the second palace between 625 and 650 CE.", "Under the altar frieze is access to Tomb No. 6, on the façade are masks \"Señor 1 temblor de tierra\" and \"Señora 10 caña\", the last governors Lambityeco.", "Unfortunately the top level has almost disappeared; it would represent \"señor 8 muerte\" and \"señora 5 Caña\" that people buried in Tomb 6 located in front of the altar.", "At the lower level on the left side appears \"señor 4 Cara\" and \"señora 10 Mono\", at their right \"señora 3 Turquesa\" and \"señor 8 Búho\".", "They would respectively be the great-grandparents and grandparents of first mentioned couple.", "Each of the masculine figures of the inferior fraises holds a human femur human in their hands; this was the way to represent the right to govern granted by their ancestors.", "Tomb 6 is in front of this altar, where great lords and their wives were buried.", "The tomb facade also has a recessed tableau with stucco representation of the faces of \"señor 1 Terremoto\" and \"señora 10 Caña\", \"señor 8 Muerte\" parents.", "The remains of six individuals accompanied by 186 objects were discovered in the tomb, this was frequent in the Oaxaca region, as graves were used several times, placing previous remains to a side (disordered); only the last body remains were in the correct place.", "It is located 15 meters south of the previous.", "Although it is known as Cocijo Patio, in fact it was another high level residence that includes a surface of almost 400 square meters.", "Rooms are distributed around two patios oriented east-west, in front of each building still is pottery embedded in the dirt floor possibly used for some ceremonies.", "Between both patios a small room was constructed with east side access to a higher level that allowed construction of a stairway bordered by two walls decorated with recessed boards.", "Each wall has a large stone and mud mask covered with a thin stucco layer that represents Cocijo, the zapoteco god of rain, thunder and lightning.", "These identical one meter diameter masks, extraordinary and unique in Zapotec art, allow appreciation of some elements that identify the God as one of the more commonly represented deities and of the most important in the Zapotec pantheon.", "The Cocijo image seen in Lambityeco, wears a mask that covers almost all the face; the eyes are framed with a type of goggle; a thick plate in the nose connected to the lower part of the goggles and the mouth mask.", "Upon the center of the mask in a large feather hairdo and \"C glyph\"; from the hairdo protrude two tapes adorned in its ends with green stones.", "The sides have earflaps over a feather base.", "The last decorative aspect of this structure is the pectoral, made up of a circular plate superposed to a semi rectangular plate; possibly it represents a shell, jade and obsidian mosaic.", "An additional and distinctive element is the presence of arms.", "His right hand holds a vessel from which water or a river flows; the left has a series of rays, hence the name of Thunder or lightning God.", "Facing the Cocijo walls, at the end of the Patio is Tomb 2 with masonry walls forming an antechamber and main chamber.", "The facade was constructed later; it displays a recessed board with double cornices.", "The remains of seven adult individuals were discovered inside representing at least four generations.", "In addition to the remains 144 objects were recovered, containing bat claw vessels, thorn decorated braziers, uncooked vessels, carved bones and five identical molded mud urns representing Cocijo.", "As per ethnographic data, this would be the supreme priest residence, who controlled and directed all religious topics and at least be the Cocijo terrestrial representative, as is assumed by the urns and masks decorating the central chamber, from where possibly celebrated ceremonies related to the cult to the God of Rain.", "Generally this priest was related with the Great Lord and has been described as the Lord second son.", "After five months of restoration works, one of the few pictures of prehispanic governors was recovered, located in the facade of Tomb 6 at the Lambityeco archaeological site, in Oaxaca.", "These are \"señor 1 Temblor\" and \"señora 10 Caña\" with an antiquity of more than 1300 years, recovered by the work of National Anthropology and History Institute (INAH) specialists.", "The rescued Lambityeco figures are famous by their realism, as they reveal characteristics of a marriage that is currently preserved by zapotecos women." ]

[ 33, 34, 35, 36 ]

[ "Lambityeco was part of a zapoteco settlement from the late classic and early Postclassical period in the Oaxaca valley." ]

[ "The Oaxaca state is best known for native ancestral cultures.", "The most numerous and best known are the Zapotecs and the Mixtecs, but there are sixteen that are officially recognized.", "These cultures have survived better to the present than most others in Mexico due to the state's rugged and isolating terrain.", "The name of the state comes from the name of its capital city, Oaxaca.", "This name comes from the Nahuatl word \"Huaxyacac\", which refers to a tree called a \"guaje\" (Leucaena leucocephala), found in area around the capital city.", "The name was originally applied to the Valley of Oaxaca by Nahuatl speaking Aztecs.", "Most of what is known about pre-historic Oaxaca comes from archeological work in the Central Valleys region.", "Evidence of human habitation dating back to about 11,000 years BCE has been found in the Guilá Naquitz cave near the town of Mitla.", "This area was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2010 in recognition for the \"earliest known evidence of domesticated plants in the continent, while corn cob fragments from the same cave are said to be the earliest documented evidence for the domestication of maize.\"", "More finds of nomadic peoples date back to about 5000 BCE, with some evidence of the beginning of agriculture.", "By 2000 BCE, agriculture had been established in the Central Valleys region of the state, with sedentary villages.", "The diet developed around this time would remain until the Spanish Conquest, consisting primarily of harvested corn, beans, chocolate, tomatoes, chili peppers, squash and gourds.", "Meat was generally hunted and included tepescuintle, turkey, deer, peccary, armadillo and iguana.", "The oldest known major settlements, such as Yanhuitlán and Laguna Zope are located in this area as well.", "The latter settlement is known for its small figures called \"pretty women\" or \"baby face.\"", "Between 1200 and 900 BCE, pottery was being produced in the area as well.", "This pottery has been linked with similar work done in La Victoria, Guatemala.", "Other important settlements from the same time period include Tierras Largas, San José Mogote and Guadalupe, whose ceramics show Olmec influence.", "The major native language family, Oto-Manguean, is thought to have been spoken in northern Oaxaca around 4400 BCE and to have evolved into nine distinct branches by 1500 BCE.", "The Zapotecs were the earliest to gain dominance over the Central Valleys region.", "The first major dominion was centered in Monte Albán, which flourished from 500 BCE until 750 CE.", "At its height, Monte Albán was home to some 25,000 people and was the capital city of the Zapotec nation.", "It remained a secondary center of power for the Zapotecs until the Mixtecs overran it in 1325.", "The Zapotec civilization was a native ancient culture that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca of southern Mesoamerica.", "Archaeological evidence shows their culture goes back at least 2500 years.", "They left archaeological evidence at the ancient city of Monte Albán in the form of buildings, ball courts, magnificent tombs and grave goods including finely worked gold jewelry.", "Little is known about the Zapotec origins, unlike other mesoamerican cultures, they did not have a known tradition or legend about their origins, they believed that were born directly from rocks, trees and Jaguars.", "Archaeologist Marcus Winter points out the following development stages of the culture:\n# Agricultural Stage (9500 a 1500 BCE)\n# Settlements Stage (1500 a 500 BCE)\n# Urban Stage (500 BCE to 750 CE)\n# Altépetl or City-State Stage (750 a 1521 CE)\nThe expansion of the Zapotec empire peaked during the Monte Alban II phase.", "Zapotecs conquered or colonized settlements far beyond The Valley of Oaxaca.", "This expansion is visible in several ways; most important is the sudden change of ceramics found in regions outside the valley.", "These regions previously had their own unique styles which were suddenly replaced with Zapotec style pottery, indicating that they had become part of the Zapotec empire.", "The name \"Zapotec\" is an exonym coming from Nahuatl \"tzapotēcah\" (singular \"tzapotēcatl\"), which means \"inhabitants of the place of sapote\".", "The Zapotec referred to themselves by some variant of the term \"Be'ena'a\", which means \"The People.\"", "The site comprises about 197 mounds within a 117 hectares area; most of the mounds are covered by weeds.", "The site was occupied from 700 BC, and it apogee matches that of Monte Alban.", "The site was abandoned around 750 AD., and it also matches the Monte Alban abandonment and disintegration of the zapoteco state.", "This disintegration formed numerous smaller settlements in the Oaxaca Valley during that time; it is believed that the Lambityeco population might have moved to the Yagul site, located a few kilometers west.", "Lambityeco occupation began around 700 BC., before the Monte Alban foundation, and concluded around 750 AD.", "The Lambityeco apogee occurred between 600 and 750 AD.; a time in which significant changes took place in the Oaxaca Valley as a result of the gradual weakening and abandonment of Monte Alban, one of those changes is the blossoming of several ceremonial civic centers.", "Although of lesser scale and political influence Lambityeco was one of them.", "These establishments retook political leadership and perhaps most of the Monte Alban population.", "This site sculpted representations unlike those commonly found in Monte Alban document important royalty marriages, source of the very important postclassical political cohesion.", "The initial explorations of these palaces, along with their tombs were excavated and recovered in 1961-1976 under the direction of John Paddock.", "Lambityeco is a site with over two hundred platforms of which, unfortunately only two have been explored, structures 195 and 190.", "This set includes the largest site structure, it is 6 meters high made up of two slope bodies with stairways on its west side.", "There are remains of walls of a temple-patio-altar complex.", "Its rear section was constructed towards the end of the site occupation covers a large area.", "Under the remains stratified remains of six residences belonging to elite groups and three associated tombs that can be seen climbing up the noted stairway.", "According to carbon 14 dating those rooms were occupied during an estimated period of 115 years, each house would have been used by a period of 23 to 29 years during four or five generations.", "The currently visible construction, once the covering materials were removed, has been called the House of the Great Lord.", "The building constructed with adobe and stucco finished includes a series of rooms covering a surface of 370 square meters, the north patio rooms surely were used as dormitories, the south Patio is larger and elaborated, it is believed governors attended public matters here.", "In the east side a two level, three element altar was built, with the characteristic recessed board zapoteco style.", "The inner tableau has a series of stucco figures summarizing aspects of Lambityeco governors and their spouses.", "The people depicted in the tableau are: a man in a horizontal position (face down), with a tipped jaw, has ears, wears a maxtlatl and in his hand holds a human femur.", "The female is in the same position as the man with a Zapotec hairstyle with entwined ribbons, earrings and round bead necklaces, wears a quechquemitl.", "In the frieze located on the northern wall, are depicted \"Señor 4 cara humana\" and \"Señora 10 mono\" who occupied the oldest Palace between 600 and 625 CE.", "On the frieze located on the southern wall are depicted \"Señor 8 búho\" and \"Señora 3 turquesa\" that utilized the second palace between 625 and 650 CE.", "Under the altar frieze is access to Tomb No. 6, on the façade are masks \"Señor 1 temblor de tierra\" and \"Señora 10 caña\", the last governors Lambityeco.", "Unfortunately the top level has almost disappeared; it would represent \"señor 8 muerte\" and \"señora 5 Caña\" that people buried in Tomb 6 located in front of the altar.", "At the lower level on the left side appears \"señor 4 Cara\" and \"señora 10 Mono\", at their right \"señora 3 Turquesa\" and \"señor 8 Búho\".", "They would respectively be the great-grandparents and grandparents of first mentioned couple.", "Each of the masculine figures of the inferior fraises holds a human femur human in their hands; this was the way to represent the right to govern granted by their ancestors.", "Tomb 6 is in front of this altar, where great lords and their wives were buried.", "The tomb facade also has a recessed tableau with stucco representation of the faces of \"señor 1 Terremoto\" and \"señora 10 Caña\", \"señor 8 Muerte\" parents.", "The remains of six individuals accompanied by 186 objects were discovered in the tomb, this was frequent in the Oaxaca region, as graves were used several times, placing previous remains to a side (disordered); only the last body remains were in the correct place.", "It is located 15 meters south of the previous.", "Although it is known as Cocijo Patio, in fact it was another high level residence that includes a surface of almost 400 square meters.", "Rooms are distributed around two patios oriented east-west, in front of each building still is pottery embedded in the dirt floor possibly used for some ceremonies.", "Between both patios a small room was constructed with east side access to a higher level that allowed construction of a stairway bordered by two walls decorated with recessed boards.", "Each wall has a large stone and mud mask covered with a thin stucco layer that represents Cocijo, the zapoteco god of rain, thunder and lightning.", "These identical one meter diameter masks, extraordinary and unique in Zapotec art, allow appreciation of some elements that identify the God as one of the more commonly represented deities and of the most important in the Zapotec pantheon.", "The Cocijo image seen in Lambityeco, wears a mask that covers almost all the face; the eyes are framed with a type of goggle; a thick plate in the nose connected to the lower part of the goggles and the mouth mask.", "Upon the center of the mask in a large feather hairdo and \"C glyph\"; from the hairdo protrude two tapes adorned in its ends with green stones.", "The sides have earflaps over a feather base.", "The last decorative aspect of this structure is the pectoral, made up of a circular plate superposed to a semi rectangular plate; possibly it represents a shell, jade and obsidian mosaic.", "An additional and distinctive element is the presence of arms.", "His right hand holds a vessel from which water or a river flows; the left has a series of rays, hence the name of Thunder or lightning God.", "Facing the Cocijo walls, at the end of the Patio is Tomb 2 with masonry walls forming an antechamber and main chamber.", "The facade was constructed later; it displays a recessed board with double cornices.", "The remains of seven adult individuals were discovered inside representing at least four generations.", "In addition to the remains 144 objects were recovered, containing bat claw vessels, thorn decorated braziers, uncooked vessels, carved bones and five identical molded mud urns representing Cocijo.", "As per ethnographic data, this would be the supreme priest residence, who controlled and directed all religious topics and at least be the Cocijo terrestrial representative, as is assumed by the urns and masks decorating the central chamber, from where possibly celebrated ceremonies related to the cult to the God of Rain.", "Generally this priest was related with the Great Lord and has been described as the Lord second son.", "After five months of restoration works, one of the few pictures of prehispanic governors was recovered, located in the facade of Tomb 6 at the Lambityeco archaeological site, in Oaxaca.", "These are \"señor 1 Temblor\" and \"señora 10 Caña\" with an antiquity of more than 1300 years, recovered by the work of National Anthropology and History Institute (INAH) specialists.", "The rescued Lambityeco figures are famous by their realism, as they reveal characteristics of a marriage that is currently preserved by zapotecos women." ]

[ 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 ]

[ "The two main structures at Lambityeco are Mound 190 and Mound 195.", "Mound 190 is an elite residence with the entrance flanked by two imposing Cocijo masks, the Zapotec rain god.", "The extraordinary artistic quality shown in the various urns, engraved bones and mural paintings in tombs as well as by decorated architectonic elements with mosaics in stucco is remarkable." ]

[ "Infinera was founded in 2000 as Zepton Networks by Drew Perkins, Jagdeep Singh and David Welch.", "It raised its first round of funding in April 2001.", "The startup remained in stealth mode until its first products were launched in 2004, although a few early media articles did describe the company's component technology - a photonic integrated circuit in indium phosphide.", "Underwritten by Goldman Sachs, Infinera went public on NASDAQ in 2007, raising $182 million.", "David Welch was recognized in 2013 with the JJ Thomson Medal for Electronics, an award from the Institution of Engineering and Technology for his role as a pioneer in the field of optical devices, including PICs, and optical networks.", "On August 14, 2013, DANTE (Delivery of Advanced Networks to Europe, a research and education network) and Infinera announced that they had set a Guinness World Record by provisioning 8 terabits per second (Tb/s) of long-haul capacity on the GÉANT network from Vancis in Amsterdam, Netherlands to GlobalConnect in Hamburg, Germany in 19 minutes and 1 second using Infinera's DTN-X packet optical transport platform.", "In August 2015, Infinera acquired Transmode, a supplier of metro packet-optical networking systems based in Stockholm, Sweden, following an offer made in April 2015.", "Transmode shareholders received a mix of cash and Infinera shares, giving a total equity value for Transmode of about $350 million.", "On July 23, 2018 Coriant entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by Infinera.", "This acquisition was closed on October 1, 2018, positioning Infinera as one of the largest vertically integrated optical network equipment providers in the world.", "Infinera pioneered the design and manufacturing of large-scale photonic integrated circuits.", "Over 2000 patents have been filed by Infinera in fields including optical transport and the virtualization of optical bandwidth.", "The production efficiency of using monolithic integration with PIC has permitted Infinera to incorporate hundreds of advanced optical components into a small package to deliver capacity up to 800 gigabits per second (Gb/s) per wavelength.", "This large throughput may be in excess of actual carrier requirements.", "Infinera has changed its business model to permit purchase of a 500 Gbit/s. line card by a carrier, but only switch on capacity in 100 Gb/second units of capacity.", "The company refers to this pricing model as \"Cashflow-Efficient Instant Bandwidth\" and has trademarked the term.", "The company's technology road map projects linecards' throughput to scale to 4 terabit and beyond.", "The company's business strategy has been based upon introducing of leading edge speeds, initially with 10 Gb/second, and as of 2013, 100 Gb/second and 500 Gb/second based upon Superchannels (or combining channels).", "These higher speed offerings are referred to as coherent super-channels.", "These higher level speeds are enabled by the use of photonic integrated circuits (PIC) which combine digital circuitry and photonic circuitry in a hybrid multi-layer (3-D) component.", "Real time virtualization of bandwidth represents a relatively new capability in optical transport networks.", "Previously, engineers would have to physically reconfigure equipment to provide for reallocation of bandwidth to different customers channels or services.", "Provisioning is exceptionally fast with PIC and virtualization.", "As of July 2018, the company has its own fab in Sunnyvale, with component packaging occurring in Allentown, Pennsylvania, plus the former Transmode facility in Stockholm.", "For many of its products, Infinera designs and manufactures in-house the photonic integrated circuits (PICs), the ASIC chips, and the hardware and software systems, including operating and management systems and software-defined network (SDN) software to extend network virtualization into the optical layer.", "The company refers to its combined component development, product development and system manufacturing as vertically integrated.", "The company announced in 2019, that it is moving its headquarters from Sunnyvale to San Jose.", "However, it plans to continue operating its fab from the Sunnyvale facility.", "Customers include Tier 1 domestic carriers, Tier 1 international carriers, MSO/cable operators, Internet content providers, incumbent carriers, research/education/government, and wholesale bandwidth providers." ]

[ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ]

[ "It is a pioneer in designing and manufacturing of large-scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs)." ]

[ "Infinera was founded in 2000 as Zepton Networks by Drew Perkins, Jagdeep Singh and David Welch.", "It raised its first round of funding in April 2001.", "The startup remained in stealth mode until its first products were launched in 2004, although a few early media articles did describe the company's component technology - a photonic integrated circuit in indium phosphide.", "Underwritten by Goldman Sachs, Infinera went public on NASDAQ in 2007, raising $182 million.", "David Welch was recognized in 2013 with the JJ Thomson Medal for Electronics, an award from the Institution of Engineering and Technology for his role as a pioneer in the field of optical devices, including PICs, and optical networks.", "On August 14, 2013, DANTE (Delivery of Advanced Networks to Europe, a research and education network) and Infinera announced that they had set a Guinness World Record by provisioning 8 terabits per second (Tb/s) of long-haul capacity on the GÉANT network from Vancis in Amsterdam, Netherlands to GlobalConnect in Hamburg, Germany in 19 minutes and 1 second using Infinera's DTN-X packet optical transport platform.", "In August 2015, Infinera acquired Transmode, a supplier of metro packet-optical networking systems based in Stockholm, Sweden, following an offer made in April 2015.", "Transmode shareholders received a mix of cash and Infinera shares, giving a total equity value for Transmode of about $350 million.", "On July 23, 2018 Coriant entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by Infinera.", "This acquisition was closed on October 1, 2018, positioning Infinera as one of the largest vertically integrated optical network equipment providers in the world.", "Infinera pioneered the design and manufacturing of large-scale photonic integrated circuits.", "Over 2000 patents have been filed by Infinera in fields including optical transport and the virtualization of optical bandwidth.", "The production efficiency of using monolithic integration with PIC has permitted Infinera to incorporate hundreds of advanced optical components into a small package to deliver capacity up to 800 gigabits per second (Gb/s) per wavelength.", "This large throughput may be in excess of actual carrier requirements.", "Infinera has changed its business model to permit purchase of a 500 Gbit/s. line card by a carrier, but only switch on capacity in 100 Gb/second units of capacity.", "The company refers to this pricing model as \"Cashflow-Efficient Instant Bandwidth\" and has trademarked the term.", "The company's technology road map projects linecards' throughput to scale to 4 terabit and beyond.", "The company's business strategy has been based upon introducing of leading edge speeds, initially with 10 Gb/second, and as of 2013, 100 Gb/second and 500 Gb/second based upon Superchannels (or combining channels).", "These higher speed offerings are referred to as coherent super-channels.", "These higher level speeds are enabled by the use of photonic integrated circuits (PIC) which combine digital circuitry and photonic circuitry in a hybrid multi-layer (3-D) component.", "Real time virtualization of bandwidth represents a relatively new capability in optical transport networks.", "Previously, engineers would have to physically reconfigure equipment to provide for reallocation of bandwidth to different customers channels or services.", "Provisioning is exceptionally fast with PIC and virtualization.", "As of July 2018, the company has its own fab in Sunnyvale, with component packaging occurring in Allentown, Pennsylvania, plus the former Transmode facility in Stockholm.", "For many of its products, Infinera designs and manufactures in-house the photonic integrated circuits (PICs), the ASIC chips, and the hardware and software systems, including operating and management systems and software-defined network (SDN) software to extend network virtualization into the optical layer.", "The company refers to its combined component development, product development and system manufacturing as vertically integrated.", "The company announced in 2019, that it is moving its headquarters from Sunnyvale to San Jose.", "However, it plans to continue operating its fab from the Sunnyvale facility.", "Customers include Tier 1 domestic carriers, Tier 1 international carriers, MSO/cable operators, Internet content providers, incumbent carriers, research/education/government, and wholesale bandwidth providers." ]

[ 28 ]

[ "The company sells hardware and software networking options for Tier 1 carrier, Internet content provider, cable operator, government, and enterprise networks." ]

[ "Honey Kisaragi is a 16-year-old perfectly normal, beautiful high school student... until her scientist father is kidnapped by the evil organization Panther Claw, that is.", "However, her father left behind a device that she can use to transform into the red-haired sword-wielding heroine, Cutie Honey.", "Aided by Seiji Hayami, a private eye who specializes in Panther Claw, and the mysterious \"Twilight Prince\", she fights members of Panther Claw in order to rescue her father.", "Like \"New Cutie Honey\" before it, \"Cutie Honey Flash\" makes references to other series from \"Cutie Honey\" creator Go Nagai.", "Recurring \"Honey\" characters Honey Kisaragi, Seiji, Danbei, Natsuko, Panther Zora, Sister Jill, and Miharu made a return, along with Alphonne, Principal Pochi (as a poodle).", "The protagonist of the series, as with other \"Cutie Honey\" media, is Honey Kisaragi.", "However, unlike other \"Cutie Honey\" incarnations, Honey is not an android but possesses a fully functional human body including reproductive capabilities.", "Consequently, she is indeed a 16-year-old girl at the beginning of the series, not a robot posing as one.", "Honey studies at the boarding school, St. Chapel Academy, along with best friend Natsuko Aki (who is nicknamed \"Nat-chan\") from the original 1970s version of \"Honey\".", "The academy's faculty includes former \"Honey\" characters as well: here, Miharu returns as a dreaded teacher, while Danbei Hayami is the academy's director.", "Later in the series, Alphonne, also from the original \"Cutie Honey\", appears as Danbei's older sister.", "Honey receives help, advice, and white flowers from a mysterious .", "Among the things the prince gives Honey are objects invented by her father, the scientist Takeshi Kisaragi.", "Honey can use the Atmospheric Element Condenser in her body, by pressing her choker and saying the phrase \"Honey Flash\", to transform in various ways and can heal from otherwise grievous wounds in a matter of hours.", "Much like the original version, she possesses the Honey Boomerang and Silver Fleuret as her weapons.", "Honey can transform into a variety of personas in this series; she can change into versions of \"Hurricane Honey\" and \"Cutie Honey\" from the 1970s versions, as well as these:\n\n\n\nLater in the series it is revealed that Honey and Seira were two survivors of a series of artificially created humans that were created to possess the Atmospheric Element Condenser created by her father and Twilight Prince under Panther Claw before Sister Jill personally terminated the project.", "After the destruction of the incubation machine, Dr. Kisaragi found and raised Honey as his own while Seira was taken in by Twilight Prince and Panther Zora.", "According to episode 11, her birth date is February 2, 1981.", "Her blood type is AB.", "In \"Cutie Honey Flash\", Honey must deal with a version of the Panther Claw organization, composed of Panther Zora, a stone figure that reigns over the group; Sister Jill, who is Zora's second-in-command; Prince Zera, a Panther Claw leader who jealously seeks Sister Jill's position in the group; and various henchmen.", "When fighting enemies, Cutie Honey uses attacks such as the \"Honey Boomerang\", \"Honey Lightning Flare\", \"Honey Rouge Arrow\", and \"Honey Virginal Invitation\".", "A fourth character from the original \"Honey\" series, Seiji Hayami, appears as a detective whose father was killed by the Panther Claw.", "Seiji often meets Honey in her Cutie Honey form, not knowing that she is Kisaragi.", "The fourteenth episode of the anime introduces Misty Honey, a rival and self-proclaimed twin sister of Cutie Honey, whose name was chosen through a contest in Japan.", "Misty Honey, unlike Cutie Honey, cannot turn into anyone she wants; she can only change to Misty Honey.", "She has a band around her thigh that resembles Honey's choker which acts as the activator for her Atmospheric Element Condenser but she uses a ring to transform with the words \"Honey Flash\".", "Seira's heart was \"poisoned\" by Panther Zora when she was found by Twilight Prince.", "The darkness in her heart (and her flawed transformation device) creates Panther Claw minions.", "Later in the series, it is revealed that Honey and Seira were two survivors of a series of artificially created humans that were created to possess the Atmospheric Element Condenser created by her father and Twilight Prince under Panther Claw before Dr. Kisaragi personally terminated the project.", "After the destruction of the incubation machine, Dr. Kisaragi found and raised Honey as his own while Seira was taken in by Twilight Prince and Panther Zora.", "Her alter ego, Seira Hazuki, shares her given name with Seiji and Honey's child, who appears only in the 39th and final episode.", "She can be seen as a negative version of Cutie, since Misty Honey has long blue hair and a more revealing outfit, while Cutie has short pink hair and a less revealing outfit.", "While the anime and manga versions of the characters of \"Cutie Honey Flash\" mostly look similar, the two versions of Hazuki differ greatly in appearance.", "Misty Honey's attacks include \"Honey Sexy Dynamite\".", "Seira's family name \"Hazuki\" is the classical/romantic Japanese name for the eighth month of the lunar calendar.", "In contrast, Honey's family name \"Kisaragi\" is the classical/romantic Japanese name for the second month of the lunar calendar.", "\"Kisaragi\" corresponds to March/April (Spring), while \"Hazuki\" corresponds to September/October (Autumn) of the solar calendar, representing the opposing characteristics of the twin sisters.", "\"Cutie Honey Flash\" uses hand-drawn cel animation; according to Shimogasa, the use of computer animated characters on hand-painted backgrounds was planned and tested, but later rejected.", "Its theme music was performed by Salia." ]

[ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 ]

[ "is a 1997–1998 anime television series in the \"Cutie Honey\" franchise." ]