kkboy1/leaudiocsv · Datasets at Hugging Face

Introducing stringlengths 1 144 ⌀
5
5.3 Classic Bluetooth codecs – their strengths and limitations...................................... 128
5.4 The LC3 codec ................................................................................................................ 131
5.5 LC3 latency ...................................................................................................................... 137
5.6 Quality of Service (QoS)................................................................................................ 138
5.7 Audio quality ................................................................................................................... 145
5.8 Multi-channel LC3 audio ............................................................................................... 146
5.9 Additional codecs ........................................................................................................... 151
Chapter 6. CAP and CSIPS ..................................................................................................... 153
6.1 CSIPS – the Coordinated Set Identification Profile and Service ............................ 153
6.2 CAP – the Common Audio Profile ............................................................................. 156
Chapter 7. Setting up Unicast Audio Streams ...................................................................... 163
7.1 PACS – the Published Audio Capabilities Service .................................................... 163
7.2 ASCS – the Audio Stream Control Service ................................................................ 174
7.3 BAP – the Basic Audio Profile ..................................................................................... 179
7.4 Configuring an ASE and a CIG ................................................................................... 182
7.5 Handling missing Acceptors ......................................................................................... 198
7.6 Preconfiguring CISes ..................................................................................................... 198
7.7 Who’s in charge? ............................................................................................................. 199
Chapter 8. Setting up and using Broadcast Audio Streams ................................................ 201
8.1 Setting up a Broadcast Source ...................................................................................... 202
8.2 Starting a broadcast Audio Stream............................................................................... 203
8.3 Receiving broadcast Audio Streams ............................................................................ 211
8.4 The broadcast reception user experience ................................................................... 213
8.5 BASS – the Broadcast Audio Scan Service................................................................. 213
8.6 Commanders ................................................................................................................... 214
8.7 Broadcast_Codes ............................................................................................................ 222
8.8 Receiving Broadcast Audio Streams (with a Commander) ...................................... 223
8.9 Handovers between Broadcast and Unicast ............................................................... 228
8.10 Presentation Delay – setting values for broadcast..................................................... 229
Chapter 9. Telephony and Media Control ............................................................................ 231
9.1 Terminology and Generic TBS and MCS features.................................................... 232
9.2 Control topologies .......................................................................................................... 234
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9.3 TBS and CCP .................................................................................................................. 235
9.4 MCS and MCP ................................................................................................................ 242
Chapter 10. Volume, Audio Input and Microphone Control .............................................. 251
10.1 Volume and input control ............................................................................................. 251
10.2 Volume Control Service ................................................................................................ 253
10.3 Volume Offset Control Service.................................................................................... 256
10.4 Audio Input Control Service ........................................................................................ 257
10.5 Putting the volume controls together.......................................................................... 261
10.6 Microphone control ....................................................................................................... 262
10.7 A codicil on terminology ............................................................................................... 264
Chapter 11. Top level Bluetooth® LE Audio profiles ........................................................... 267
11.1 HAPS the Hearing Access Profile and Service .......................................................... 268
11.2 TMAP – The Telephony and Media Audio Profile .................................................. 271
11.3 Public Broadcast Profile ................................................................................................ 274
Chapter 12. Bluetooth® LE Audio applications ..................................................................... 277
12.1 Changing the way we acquire and consume audio .................................................... 278
12.2 Broadcast for all .............................................................................................................. 279
12.3 TVs and broadcast.......................................................................................................... 285
12.4 Phones and broadcast .................................................................................................... 288
12.5 Audio Sharing.................................................................................................................. 289
12.6 Personal communication ............................................................................................... 290
12.7 Market development and notes for developers ......................................................... 292
Chapter 13. Glossary and concordances ................................................................................. 295
13.1 Abbreviations and initialisms ........................................................................................ 295
13.2 Bluetooth LE Audio specifications ............................................................................. 299
13.3 Procedures in Bluetooth LE Audio ............................................................................. 300
13.4 Bluetooth LE Audio characteristics ............................................................................ 304
13.5 Bluetooth LE Audio terms ........................................................................................... 306
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7
8
Introduction
Back in the spring of 2013, I remember sitting in a conference room in Trondheim with
representatives of the hearing aid industry as they explained to the Bluetooth Board of
Directors why they should commit time and effort to develop a Bluetooth ® Low Energy
specification that would support the streaming of audio. I’d been asked by the hearing aid
companies if I would chair the working group to develop the new specifications. Everyone
agreed it was a good idea and the two groups – the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG),
and EHIMA – the Hearing Instrument Manufacturer’s Association – the trade body
representing the industry, signed a Memorandum of Understanding to start work on a new
specification to support audio over Bluetooth Low Energy.
null
At the time, we all thought it would be a fairly quick development – hearing aids didn’t need
enormously high audio quality – their main concern in terms of Bluetooth technology was to
minimise power consumption. What none of us had realised at the time was that the
technology and use cases that had been developed by the hearing aid industry were quite a
long way ahead of what the consumer audio market was currently doing. Although the long-
established telecoil system of inductive loops, which allowed broadcast audio to reach multiple
hearing aids only provided limited quality audio, the connection topologies they supported
were more complex than those provided by the existing Bluetooth A2DP and HFP audio
profiles. In addition, the power management techniques and optimisations used in hearing
aids gave battery lives that were an order of magnitude greater than those in similarly sized
consumer products.
null
Over the next twelve months, as we developed functional requirements documents, more and
more of the traditional audio and silicon companies came to look at what we were doing, and
decided that many of the features that we were proposing for hearing aids were equally
applicable to their markets. In fact, they appeared to solve many of the limitations that existed
in the current Bluetooth audio specifications. As a result, the requirements list grew and the
small hearing aid project evolved into the largest single specification development that the
Bluetooth SIG has ever done, culminating in what is now collectively known as Bluetooth LE
Audio.

5

5.3 Classic Bluetooth codecs – their strengths and limitations...................................... 128

5.4 The LC3 codec ................................................................................................................ 131

5.5 LC3 latency ...................................................................................................................... 137

5.6 Quality of Service (QoS)................................................................................................ 138

5.7 Audio quality ................................................................................................................... 145

5.8 Multi-channel LC3 audio ............................................................................................... 146

5.9 Additional codecs ........................................................................................................... 151

Chapter 6. CAP and CSIPS ..................................................................................................... 153

6.1 CSIPS – the Coordinated Set Identification Profile and Service ............................ 153

6.2 CAP – the Common Audio Profile ............................................................................. 156

Chapter 7. Setting up Unicast Audio Streams ...................................................................... 163

7.1 PACS – the Published Audio Capabilities Service .................................................... 163

7.2 ASCS – the Audio Stream Control Service ................................................................ 174

7.3 BAP – the Basic Audio Profile ..................................................................................... 179

7.4 Configuring an ASE and a CIG ................................................................................... 182

7.5 Handling missing Acceptors ......................................................................................... 198

7.6 Preconfiguring CISes ..................................................................................................... 198

7.7 Who’s in charge? ............................................................................................................. 199

Chapter 8. Setting up and using Broadcast Audio Streams ................................................ 201

8.1 Setting up a Broadcast Source ...................................................................................... 202

8.2 Starting a broadcast Audio Stream............................................................................... 203

8.3 Receiving broadcast Audio Streams ............................................................................ 211

8.4 The broadcast reception user experience ................................................................... 213

8.5 BASS – the Broadcast Audio Scan Service................................................................. 213

8.6 Commanders ................................................................................................................... 214

8.7 Broadcast_Codes ............................................................................................................ 222

8.8 Receiving Broadcast Audio Streams (with a Commander) ...................................... 223

8.9 Handovers between Broadcast and Unicast ............................................................... 228

8.10 Presentation Delay – setting values for broadcast..................................................... 229

Chapter 9. Telephony and Media Control ............................................................................ 231

9.1 Terminology and Generic TBS and MCS features.................................................... 232

9.2 Control topologies .......................................................................................................... 234

null

6

9.3 TBS and CCP .................................................................................................................. 235

9.4 MCS and MCP ................................................................................................................ 242

Chapter 10. Volume, Audio Input and Microphone Control .............................................. 251

10.1 Volume and input control ............................................................................................. 251

10.2 Volume Control Service ................................................................................................ 253

10.3 Volume Offset Control Service.................................................................................... 256

10.4 Audio Input Control Service ........................................................................................ 257

10.5 Putting the volume controls together.......................................................................... 261

10.6 Microphone control ....................................................................................................... 262

10.7 A codicil on terminology ............................................................................................... 264

Chapter 11. Top level Bluetooth® LE Audio profiles ........................................................... 267

11.1 HAPS the Hearing Access Profile and Service .......................................................... 268

11.2 TMAP – The Telephony and Media Audio Profile .................................................. 271

11.3 Public Broadcast Profile ................................................................................................ 274

Chapter 12. Bluetooth® LE Audio applications ..................................................................... 277

12.1 Changing the way we acquire and consume audio .................................................... 278

12.2 Broadcast for all .............................................................................................................. 279

12.3 TVs and broadcast.......................................................................................................... 285

12.4 Phones and broadcast .................................................................................................... 288

12.5 Audio Sharing.................................................................................................................. 289

12.6 Personal communication ............................................................................................... 290

12.7 Market development and notes for developers ......................................................... 292

Chapter 13. Glossary and concordances ................................................................................. 295

13.1 Abbreviations and initialisms ........................................................................................ 295

13.2 Bluetooth LE Audio specifications ............................................................................. 299

13.3 Procedures in Bluetooth LE Audio ............................................................................. 300

13.4 Bluetooth LE Audio characteristics ............................................................................ 304

13.5 Bluetooth LE Audio terms ........................................................................................... 306

null

7

8

Introduction

Back in the spring of 2013, I remember sitting in a conference room in Trondheim with

representatives of the hearing aid industry as they explained to the Bluetooth Board of

Directors why they should commit time and effort to develop a Bluetooth ® Low Energy

specification that would support the streaming of audio. I’d been asked by the hearing aid

companies if I would chair the working group to develop the new specifications. Everyone

agreed it was a good idea and the two groups – the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG),

and EHIMA – the Hearing Instrument Manufacturer’s Association – the trade body

representing the industry, signed a Memorandum of Understanding to start work on a new

specification to support audio over Bluetooth Low Energy.

null

At the time, we all thought it would be a fairly quick development – hearing aids didn’t need

enormously high audio quality – their main concern in terms of Bluetooth technology was to

minimise power consumption. What none of us had realised at the time was that the

technology and use cases that had been developed by the hearing aid industry were quite a

long way ahead of what the consumer audio market was currently doing. Although the long-

established telecoil system of inductive loops, which allowed broadcast audio to reach multiple

hearing aids only provided limited quality audio, the connection topologies they supported

were more complex than those provided by the existing Bluetooth A2DP and HFP audio

profiles. In addition, the power management techniques and optimisations used in hearing

aids gave battery lives that were an order of magnitude greater than those in similarly sized

consumer products.

null

Over the next twelve months, as we developed functional requirements documents, more and

more of the traditional audio and silicon companies came to look at what we were doing, and

decided that many of the features that we were proposing for hearing aids were equally

applicable to their markets. In fact, they appeared to solve many of the limitations that existed

in the current Bluetooth audio specifications. As a result, the requirements list grew and the

small hearing aid project evolved into the largest single specification development that the

Bluetooth SIG has ever done, culminating in what is now collectively known as Bluetooth LE

Audio.