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36896020

Faster bi-stable visual switching in psychosis.

Bi-stable stimuli evoke two distinct perceptual interpretations that alternate pete for dominance. Bi-stable perception is thought to be driven at least in part by mutual suppression between distinct neural populations that represent each percept. Abnormal visual perception is observed among people with psychotic psychopathology (PwPP), and there is evidence to suggest that these visual deficits may depend on impaired neural suppression in visual cortex. However, it is not yet clear whether bi-stable visual perception is abnormal among PwPP. Here, we examined bi-stable perception in a visual structure-from-motion task using a rotating cylinder illusion in a group of 65 PwPP, 44 first-degree biological relatives, and 43 healthy controls. Data from a 'real switch' task, in which physical depth cues signaled real switches in rotation direction were used to exclude individuals who did not show adequate task performance. In addition, we measured concentrations of neurochemicals, including glutamate, glutamine, and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), involved in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. These neurochemicals were measured non-invasively in visual cortex using 7 tesla MR spectroscopy. We found that PwPP and their relatives showed faster bi-stable switch rates than healthy controls. Faster switch rates also correlated with significantly higher psychiatric symptom levels across all participants. However, we did not observe any significant relationships across individuals between neurochemical concentrations and SFM switch rates. Our results are consistent with a reduction in suppressive neural processes during structure-from-motion perception in PwPP, and suggest that genetic liability for psychosis is associated with disrupted bi-stable perception.

36896021

Antibody landscape of C57BL/6 mice cured of B78 melanoma via immunotherapy.

Hoefges et al. utilized a whole-proteome peptide array approach to show that C57BL/6 mice develop a large repertoire of antibodies against linear peptide sequences of their melanoma after receiving a curative immunotherapy regimen consisting of radiation and an immunocytokine. Antibodies can play an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses against cancer, and in preventing infectious disease. Flow cytometry analysis of sera of immune mice that were previously cured of their melanoma through bined immunotherapy regimen with long-term memory showed strong antibody-binding against melanoma tumor cell lines. Using a high-density whole-proteome peptide array, we assessed potential protein-targets for antibodies found in immune sera. Sera from 6 of these cured mice were analyzed with this high-density, whole-proteome peptide array to determine specific antibody-binding sites and their linear peptide sequence. We identified thousands of peptides that were targeted by 2 or more of these 6 mice and exhibited strong antibody binding only by immune, not naive sera. Confirmatory studies were done to validate these results using 2 separate ELISA-based systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the "immunome" of protein-based epitopes that are recognized by immune sera from mice cured of cancer via immunotherapy.

36896022

Muscle Activity During Immersive Virtual Reality Exergaming Incorporating an Adaptive Cable Resistance System.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to characterize muscle activation via surface electromyography (sEMG), user-perceived exertion, and enjoyment during a 30-minute session of immersive virtual reality (IVR) cable resistance exergaming. Ten healthy, college-aged pleted a signature 30-minute exergaming session using an IVR adaptive cable resistance system that incorporated six pound exercises. Muscle activation (sEMG) was captured during the session with a wearable sEMG system. Rated of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) were recorded following the session. Pectoralis major showed the highest activation during chest press, deltoids showed the highest activation on overhead press, latissimus dorsi showed the highest activation during lat pulldown and row exercises, hamstrings were the most activated muscles during Romanian deadlift, and glutes showed the highest activity during squats. RPE and PACES mean scores were 14 (1) and 4.27 (0.38), respectively. IVR exergaming with resistance cable training provides an enjoyable experience and distracts practitioners from exertion while exercising at a high intensity. Results from this study suggest similar muscle activation pared to traditional resistance exercises as demonstrated with prior evidence. This novel form of exercise might have important repercussions for improving health es among those who find it challenging to adhere to and enjoy exercise routines, as well as with little knowledge on how to progress in their resistance training. Further investigations are needed to explore long-term adaptations and to assess if IVR exergaming has additional pared to traditional resistance training.

36896023

An Analysis of the Body Drag Test in Law Enforcement Recruits with Consideration to Current Population Demographics.

An essential job task for law enforcement officers is a body drag, where they must drag a person from a hazardous environment. In California, a 9.75-m body drag with a 74.84-kg dummy must pleted within 28 s to graduate academy. This mass is less than the average US adult, which may suggest it should be increased. This has not happened due to concerns regarding a potential increase in recruit injuries and failure rates. However, if recruits plete the drag without formal training, this could leave scope for increasing the mass. This study analyzed the body drag in ing pared their results to graduated recruits, and detailed how many achieved current standards without training. A retrospective analysis of two ing (

36896024

Effects of Respite Music on Repeated Upper-body Resistance Exercise Performance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-selected respite music on upper-body resistance exercise performance. In a crossover, counterbalanced study design, resistance-trained males (

36896025

Association of Bone Mineral Density with Lean Mass, Fat Mass, and Physical Activity in Young Overweight and Obese Women.

To examine the associations between bone mineral density (BMD), position and habitual physical activity in women who are overweight/obese. We measured whole-body bone, and position (lean mass, fat mass, and total fat percent) via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (model General Electric Lunar whole-body scanner) in a diverse group of women (N=48, age 26.6+/-4.7 years, 63% Black) living in an urban setting. The relations between BMD with total fat percent [%]), lean mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and physical activity were examined using Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression models, adjusted for race, age, and dietary calcium. BMD was positively correlated with lean mass (r=0.43, p=0.002) and negatively correlated with total fat percentage (r=-0.31, p=0.03). Multiple linear regression models indicated BMD was positively associated with lean mass (β: 0.007, p<0.001), and negatively associated with fat mass (kg) and total fat percentage (β: -0.003, p=0.03; β: -0.004, p=0.03, respectively). When stratified by race, these relations were maintained in white women but only lean mass in Black women. When stratified by age, the positive correlation between BMD and lean mass was significant in younger women (<30y) only. There were no significant relationships between BMD and any physical activity measures. Our results indicate that in young women who are overweight/obese BMD is significantly associated with position, both lean mass and total fat percentage, but not habitual physical activity. An emphasis on lean mass accrual may be valuable for young women, particularly Black women, to improve bone health.

36896026

Shifts in Intestinal Metabolic Profile Among Kidney Transplantation Recipients with Antibody-Mediated Rejection.

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is emerging as the main cause of graft loss after kidney transplantation. Our previous study revealed the gut microbiota alternation associated with AMR in kidney transplant recipients, which was predicted to affect the metabolism-related pathways.

36896027

Destination memory: Memory associated with social interactions.

Within the field of memory research, studies on destination memory (e.g., the ability to remember to whom information was previously told) show how it is closely associated with social cognition. The present review thus summarizes the literature on destination memory and demonstrates how it involves social interaction. It offers prehensive picture of the many factors that may influence destination memory and distinguishes factors related to the recipient (e.g., familiarity, emotional states, and distinctiveness/attractiveness) and sender of information (e.g., the sender's extroversion) in munications. It suggests that destination memory involves the ability of the sender to infer the cognitive/affective state of the recipient and to attribute the output message to a recipient-related stereotype. Extrovert senders may also easily remember the destination as they typically value munication, public sharing and processing of social information. Destination memory also involves features such as familiarity, age, emotional state, distinctiveness, and attractiveness of the recipient. By offering prehensive framework of how destination memory functions in everyday life interactions, the present review shows how destination memory is intimately associated municative efficacy and social interactions.

36896028

Assessing phonological short-term memory in Greek: Reliability and validity of a non-word repetition test.

This study explores the reliability and validity of a NWR task in a large cohort of 387 TD Greek-speaking children aged 7-13 years attending elementary (Grades 2-6) and secondary school (Grade 1), divided into six age groups. Further, the relationship between NWR and reading fluency skills as well as the predictive value of the NWR on reading fluency skills in TD children are examined. To investigate the external reliability of the NWR task, test-retest reliability was performed, and excellent test-retest reliability was found. Internal reliability was explored with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and good reliability was found. To explore convergent validity, correlation analysis between NWR and reading fluency was conducted and significant and strong correlations were found for all age groups excepted 2 (ages 9-10 and 12-13). To examine predictive validity, regression analysis was conducted between these two variables and showed that performance on NWR contributed significantly to reading fluency skills, suggesting that NWR skills are a good predictor of reading skills. Finally, it was explored whether the relevant scores increase as a function of age and found significant differences between groups that differed in 2 years or more, while this difference was no longer significant after 10 years. This finding suggests that phonological STM increases in capacity along with age, but only until the age of 10, where it seems to reach a ceiling. In addition, linear regression analysis showed that age contributed significantly to performance on NWR test. To sum up, the present study provides normative data of a NWR test for a wide age range, which does not exist in the Greek language (particularly for ages over 9 years) and it can be concluded that the present NWR test can be successfully used as a reliable and valid measure of phonological STM in the age range that was examined in this study.

36896029

Dataset of feed bunk score images of cattle feedlot.

Bunk management is an important technique to minimize the variations in consumption in feedlot cattle and can be performed according to the South Dakota State University classification system. The use of information munication technology (ICT) can help, in an objective way, in the interpretation of these measurements. We created a dataset with the objective to develop an automatic classification method of feed bunk score. In May, September and October on the 2021 and September on the 2022 we captured 1511 images in the morning on the farms, in natural lighting conditions with different angles and backgrounds and at a height of about 1.5 m from the bunk. After acquisition data, each image was classified according to its score classification. Additionally, we resized the images to 500 × 500 pixels, generated annotations files, and organized the dataset in folders

36896030

Data report on career adaptability, personal value, and motivational interview among at-risk Chinese college students.

The dataset provided here was partially associated with a published article on career adaptability [1]. The data set included 343 college freshmen who had difficulties in career decision-making. A self-report questionnaire on career adaptability (concern, control, curiosity, confidence), personal values (materialistic values, self-transcendence values, self-enhancement values), and demographic information was administered to all participants. In addition, a pre-selection of low career adaptability was performed. These participants scored below the 27th percentile in career adaptability. The career adaptability was administrated again two months later. We divided the data into two groups (intervention and control) and two time points (pre-test and post-test). Researchers can use the data to explore the relationship among career adaptability, personal values, and demographic information, as well as pare interventions on career adaptability.

36896031

Pneumococcal meningitis in a patient with severe COVID-19 on dexamethasone and tocilizumab: A case report.

Although various therapeutic agents have been tried for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and evidence has accumulated, the risk of secondary infection is increased by underlying disease and immunosuppressive drugs. We report a case of pneumococcal meningitis in a patient with severe COVID-19 who was receiving dexamethasone and tocilizumab. The patient's symptoms improved with appropriate diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy, and she fortunately returned to society without any neurological sequelae of meningitis.

36896033

The Case for Physician Training and Certification in Lifestyle Medicine.

Certification in lifestyle medicine demonstrates that a physician has achieved a high level of knowledge, abilities, and skills in this area of specialization. Since the American Board of Lifestyle Medicine (ABLM) began certifying physicians in 2017 through January 2022, about 1850 U.S. diplomates have emerged, with an additional 1375 physicians certified in 72 countries in partnership with the International Board of Lifestyle Medicine. Certification by the ABLM is not only a source of personal pride and plishment, but facilitates practice growth, employment opportunities, leadership roles, career satisfaction, and credibility among consumers, the public, payors, and within health systems. In mentary, we make the case for certification as an integral, and logical, corollary to the explosive growth of the lifestyle medicine as an increasingly relevant, and essential, part of mainstream medical practice.

36896035

Incorporating Well-Being into Mentorship Meetings: A Case Demonstration at Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Surgery a Harvard Medical School Affiliate.

Surgeons have been under great pressure during the COVID pandemic. Their careers are filled with fast paced decisions, life and death situations, and long hours at work. The COVID pandemic created more tasks and even new responsibilities at times, but when the operating rooms were closed down, there was less work. The COVID experience invited the opportunity to rethink mentoring in the surgery department at the Massachusetts General Hospital. The leadership experimented with a new style of mentoring which involved a team approach. In addition, they tried something else that was new: adding a lifestyle medicine expert and wellness coach to the mentoring team. The program was tested on 13 early stage surgeons who found the experience to be beneficial, and mented that they wished they had it even earlier in their careers. Including a non-surgeon who was a lifestyle medicine physician and wellness coach added an element of whole person health that was acceptable to the surgeons and even embraced as the majority of them elected to follow up with one on one coaching after the mentoring meeting. This team mentoring program with senior surgeons and a lifestyle medicine expert is one that can be explored by other departments and other hospitals given its success at the department of surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital.

36896037

A Wrinkle in Measuring Time Use for Cognitive Health: How should We Measure Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep?

One new case of dementia is detected every 4 seconds and no effective drug therapy exists. Effective behavioural strategies to promote healthy cognitive ageing are thus essential. Three behaviours related to cognitive health which we all engage in daily are physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. These time-use activity behaviours are linked to cognitive health in plex and dynamic relationship not yet fully elucidated. Understanding how each of these behaviours is related to each other and cognitive health will help determine the most practical and effective lifestyle strategies for promoting healthy cognitive ageing. In this review, we discuss methods and analytical approaches to best investigate how these time-use activity behaviours are related to cognitive health. We highlight four key mendations for examining these relationships such that researchers should include measures which (1) are psychometrically appropriate; (2) can specifically answer the research question; (3) include objective and subjective estimates of the behaviour and (4) choose an analytical method for modelling the relationships of time-use activity behaviours with cognitive health which is appropriate for their research question.

36896038

Pedestrian Deaths During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID pandemic provides a natural experiment examining how a 50-60% reduction in pedestrian activity might lead to a reduction in pedestrian deaths. We assessed whether the reduction in pedestrian deaths was proportional to a one-to-one matching presumed in statistics correlating mobility with fatality. The primary analysis examined New York (largest city in US), and the validation analysis examined Toronto (largest city in Canada). We identified pedestrian activity in each location from the Apple Mobility database, normalized to the baseline in January 2020. We calculated monthly pedestrian deaths from the Vision Zero database in each city with baseline data from 3 prior years. We found a large initial reduction in pedestrian deaths during the lockdown in New York that was transient and not statistically significant during the summer and autumn despite sustained reductions in pedestrian activity. Similarly, we found a large initial reduction in pedestrian deaths during the lockdown in Toronto that was transient and not sustained. Together, these data suggest the substantial reductions in pedestrian activity during the COVID pandemic have no simple correlation with pedestrian fatality counts in the same locations. An awareness of this finding emphasizes the role of unmeasured modifiable individual factors beyond pedestrian infrastructure or other structural contributors.

36896044

Long-Term Survival of More than 5 Years with Maintenance Therapy Using Single-Agent Pemetrexed in a Patient with Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma.

A 76-year-old woman presented with lower abdominal pain and nausea and was referred to the gastroenterology department in our institution. Previous puted tomography (CE-CT) for follow-up after breast cancer surgery had indicated a soft tissue mass below the right diaphragm, which was considered a benign change. CE-CT performed at the first visit to our department revealed further thickening of the soft tissue mass with extension to the liver surface. In addition, ascites and nodules were observed in the abdominal cavity. Histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen revealed peritoneal invasion of atypical epithelioid cells with trabecular and glandular patterns. The tumor cells were positive for AE1/AE2, calretinin, WT-1, D2-40, HEG1, EMA, BAP1, and MTAP and negative for carcinoembryonic antigen, MOC-31, Ber-Ep4, ER, PgR, TTF-1, claudin 4, and desmin. A diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma was made. The patient received chemotherapy with cisplatin (75 mg/m

36896040

Virtual Programming for Physical Activity Interventions: Integration of Behavioral Components.

The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic changed many contemporary experiences, including how healthcare and exercise programming are delivered. As a result of the pandemic, there was an increase in virtual services and programming and there continues to be a demand for virtual options. The results from Desir et al support the use of virtual visits to successfully change lifestyle factors, specifically nutrition and physical activity. The use of individualized dietary and exercise goals were important to the success of the intervention, and should not be disregarded. As virtual healthcare and exercise continues to evolve, to maximize behavior change, we should also consider how to include the social munity aspects of exercise. Regardless, it is encouraging to see that significant advances are being made in virtual programming and that the needed engagement can occur in a virtual setting.

36896045

Impact of Cannabis Seed Incorporation in Layer Diet on Productive Performance and Egg Quality Traits.

The production of nonindustrial cannabis is highly developed in the Moroccan Rif region; however, local farmers consider hemp seeds which are rich in omega 3 and tocopherols, only as by-products of cannabis cultivation with low market value. The local ecotype is considered to be a plant with a cannabinoid content of more than 0.4%. So, the objective of this research is to investigate how the incorporation of this local hemp seed affects productive performance and egg quality traits. The experiment is conducted to evaluate the effects of hemp seed (HS) incorporation on hen laying performance and physical egg quality at three levels: 10% (HS-10% group), 20% (HS-20% group), and 30% (HS-30% group). Ninety-six Lohmann Brown classic laying hens were randomly assigned to a control group and three feed treatments. The sampling was taken after the 28-week rearing period (peak egg laying). Throughout the experiment, low-rate HS inclusion (HS-10%) showed no significant differences in egg-laying performance (

36896042

The Impact of Stopping Medications and Introducing a Whole Food Plant-Based Diet on Patients Living with Multiple Sclerosis - A Report of Two Cases.

More than 2 million people live with multiple sclerosis worldwide and the prevalence has been increasing over time. Patients living with multiple sclerosis often explore diet and lifestyle interventions as a means of managing their symptoms and reducing reliance on medication; yet, these approaches are rarely discussed with their physicians. Currently, there is a lack of evidence on when to stop disease-modifying therapies (DMT), and recent research showed no statistically significant difference in the time between relapses paring participants who stopped DMT to those who did not, especially over the age of 45. This case report presents 2 patients with multiple sclerosis who made an informed decision to stop their DMT medications and have been managing their condition with a whole food plant-based diet and a healthy lifestyle approach. Over the period of 5 to 6 years since stopping the medications, each patient only had 1 multiple sclerosis flare-up to date. In the report, the focus is on the impact of diet on multiple sclerosis. It adds to currently available literature and encourages further research in the field of managing multiple sclerosis with lifestyle interventions.

36896046

Efficacy of Sagittal Split Fix Plates with Adjustable Slider for Intra-operative Identification and Correction of Condylar Sag in Sagittal Split Osteotomy-a Pilot Study.

To assess the efficacy of sagittal split plate with adjustable slider for intra-operative correction of condylar sag after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.

36896043

The Role of Nutrition in Cancer Prevention - Should You Listen to Your Doctor or Influencer?

A significant proportion of cancers could be prevented by adopting healthy lifestyle behaviours. In addition, healthy lifestyle factors can have a positive impact on cancer es and survival. Yet, most physicians, including oncologists, do not dedicate a significant amount of time addressing these factors with their patients, who instead look to mainstream media and other non-medical sources for information. This has led to an increase in the number of 'influencers' in the wellness space who can accumulate a large and captive audience. At times, this has caused friction amongst healthcare professionals who feel that 'influencers' may overstate the potential benefits. The reality is that most people, physicians and the public alike, fail to recognise the immense power that lifestyle interventions hold. Rather than shy away from addressing these issues, we should be empowering our patients to take back control over their health. Here, we provide a personal perspective on why addressing lifestyle factors within cancer care is so important and that we can indeed work together with 'influencers' to amplify the message.

36896047

"Surgery First" vs "Traditional Sequence" Surgery: A Qualitative Study of Health Experiences in 46 Bimaxillary Orthognathic Patients.

Orthognathic patients are advocating an active role in selecting their appropriate ortho-surgical treatment, between the surgery first (SF) and the traditional sequence (TS) approaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through qualitative analysis, the subjective perceptions of the es of each protocol.

36896041

Neurological Health: Not Merely the Absence of Disease: Current Wellbeing Instruments Across the Spectrum of Neurology.

Well-being and quality of life can vary independently of disease. Instruments measuring well-being and quality of life monly used in neurology, but there has been little investigation into the extent in which they accurately measure wellbeing/quality of life or if they merely reflect a diseased state of an individual.

36896048

Traumatic Myositis Ossificans of Temporalis Muscle: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Case Reports.

Traumatic myositis ossificans is rare pathology affecting muscles/soft tissue. Its involvement in temporalis muscle is rarely reported in literature. The aetiopathogenesis is unknown, the diagnosis is based on clinco-radiological findings. Surgical management and follow-up are paramount.

36896049

Is the Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder Higher than Healthy Control Group?

Vitamin D plays an essential role in subchondral bone, cartilage, and periarticular muscle. This study aims to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients.

36896050

Salivary Cortisol as a Stress Monitor During Third Molar Surgery.

Procedures in oral surgery, especially surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar is often considered anxiety-producing and stressful. This study evaluated the effect of oral sedation (5 mg diazepam) on the physiological stress level in subjects that underwent surgical extraction of the mandibular third molar by measuring the change in salivary cortisol concentration.

36896051

Solitary Neurofibroma of Mandible in a 2-Year-Old Child: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature.

Solitary intraosseous neurofibromas of mandible are very rare and only 40 cases are documented. This case report presents one of the youngest documented case of solitary neurofibroma of mandible, in a 2-years old male child. The tumour was symptomatic and presented as a swelling over right posterior region of mandible. The patient underwent conservative excision under general anaesthesia. The inferior alveolar nerve was preserved. Histopathology was suggestive of benign nerve sheath tumour. Immunohistochemistry showed moderate S-100 and strong CD34 positivity. Postoperative healing was uneventful. This report also reviews forty previously reported cases of solitary intraosseous neurofibromas of the mandible.

36896052

Evaluation of Sagittal Curving Osteotomy vs Conventional Advancement Genioplasty in Retrogenia Patients: a Randomized Control Trial.

With increasing aesthetic awareness, in addition to the forehead, nose, and cheekbone prominence, the chin nowadays is seen as one of the most important parts of the facial skeleton. Position of the chin has a strong influence on the assessment of the facial harmony; its different types and forms dominate the appearance. Furthermore, the expression of the chin is equated with character traits, and thus, it is an ponent of the profile forms. Genioplasty is a routine procedure for the correction of aesthetic and functional deformity of the chin region. It is therefore one of the contour-enhancing surgical methods. The purpose of the present study is to study the versatility of sagittal curving osteotomy for advancement genioplasty as an alternative to conventional technique.

36896053

Is This Novel Incision for Benign Parotid Tumors the Answer for Improved Esthetics and Access?

Incision scars and postoperative cosmesis are critical in the management of benign parotid tumors. Traditional incisions have a typical visible scar in the retromandibular area or require wide skin flaps.

36896054

Influence of Site, Size, Depth of Invasion and Histologic Grading on the Occurrence of Cervical Level IIb Metastasis and Extranodal Extension in Clinically N0 Neck of Patients with OSCC: A Single Center Retrospective Analysis.

Depth of Invasion ≥ 4 mm, T stage and primary site with more than 20% chances for occult metastasis are currently the accepted indications for elective neck dissection. Nodal metastasis decreases survival by 50%. ENE further reduces the prognosis. Dissection of level IIb lymph nodes in clinically N0 neck does not improve survival.

36896055

Comparative Assessment of Clinical and Quality of Life Outcomes in Mandibular Angle Fractures Treated with Standard and Three-Dimensional Mini-Plates.

To undertake a parative assessment of the standard and three dimensional (3D) mini-plates in managing isolated mandibular angle fractures (MAFs).

36896056

A Comparison of Elevation, Perforation Rate, and Time Spent for the Crestal Sinus Elevation Intervened by Piezosurgery, CAS-Kit, and Osteotome in a Novel Goat Model.

This study aimed pare the differences among Piezosurgery, CAS-kit, and Osteotome regarding safe elevation, perforation rate, and time spent and to observe and analyze different sinus lifting efficacy of the three methods.

36896057

Application of Anatomically Designed 2-Dimensional V Plate in Management of Mandible Fracture: A Pilot Study.

Mandible is the only mobile facial jaw bone and it aides in various functions such as phonation and mastication. Therefore, management of mandible fracture es inevitable due to its functional and anatomical importance. Fracture fixation methods and techniques have steadily evolved with various osteosynthesis systems. In this article, we discuss the management of mandible fracture using a newly designed two-dimensional (2D) hybrid V-shaped plate.

36896058

Open Treatment with Ultrasound Activated Resorbable Pins Versus Closed Treatment of Adult Mandible Condylar Head Fractures.

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with ultrasound activated resorbable pins (UARPs) is superior to closed treatment of condylar head (CH) fractures. The investigators hypothesized that fixation with UARPs is superior to closed treatment of CH fracture.

36896059

Minimally Invasive Single-Point Stabilization of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures.

This study aimed to present a minimally invasive surgical management of plex (ZMC) fractures with reduction and single-point stabilization over the frontozygomatic buttress.

36896060

Is Orthognathic Correction with TMJ Preservation A Stable Treatment Option for Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term skeletal stability of orthognathic correction of dentofacial deformities secondary to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in individuals without total alloplastic joint reconstruction.

36896061

Arthrocentesis Followed by Autologous Blood Injection in the Treatment of Chronic Symptomatic Subluxation of Temporomandibular Joint.

Temporomandibular joint subluxation is defined as self-reducing partial dislocation of the TMJ during which the condyle passes anterior to the articular eminence.

36896062

Do We Vary from Caucasians! Cephalometric Analysis for Orthognathic Surgery in Chhattisgarhi Population.

The aim of this study is to deduce the cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery in Chhattisgarh population paring with the analysis given by Burstone et al. for hard tissue and Legan and Burstone for soft tissue.

36896063

Does Maxillomandibular Counterclockwise Rotation Affect Surgical Stability in Class III Skeletal Patients with High Plane Angle? A Retrospective Longitudinal Study.

In class III, skeletal patients with high plane angle, counterclockwise rotation of maxillomandibular units is necessary. The study was aimed to evaluate the long-term stability of the change of mandibular plane in patients with class III deformity.

36896064

Collagen Versus Xenograft Bovine Bone Inserted Into Extraction Sockets: Healing and Pain Management.

Different materials can be used in filling the extraction socket to achieve an alveolar ridge preservation. The present pared the wound healing potential and pain management efficacy of the collagen and the xenograft bovine bone, covered by a cellulose mesh, inserted into the socket of extracted teeth.

36896065

Familial Gigantiform Cementoma with Calcium Steal Phenomenon and Social Stigma: A Case Report with Review of Literature.

Cemento-ossifying fibromas are benign fibro-osseous lesions characterized by deposition of cementum and fibrous tissue. Familial gigantiform cementoma (FGC) is an exceeding rare and distinct subtype of cemento-osseous-fibrous lesion. We hereby present a case of FGC in a young boy who was left to die due to the social stigma caused by the massive bony growth in the upper and lower jaw. The patient was somehow rescued by a non-governmental organization and underwent his surgical management at our hospital. On family screening, the mother also had similar smaller asymptomatic lesions in the jaw, but she refused further investigations and treatment. FGC is frequently associated with "calcium-steal phenomenon," which was also seen in our patient. Family screening is therefore necessary to identify asymptomatic patients in the family and follow them up with radiology and whole body dual-energy absorptiometry scans.

36896066

Intraosseous Neurofibroma of Mandible in a 5-Year-Old: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature.

Neurofibromas are benign tumours originating from the peripheral nerve sheath mainly the endoneurium. The lesion can occur in a solitary form or as multiple tumours associated with neurofibromatosis (NF-1), which is also known as von Recklinghausen's disease. Intraosseous neurofibromas are exceedingly rare with only less than 50 cases reported in the literature. We report a case of paediatric neurofibroma of the mandible which is even more rare with only 9 cases reported so far. Hence, systematic and thorough investigations are mandatory to correctly diagnose and plan appropriate treatment for intraosseous neurofibroma because of the rarity of the lesion in the paediatric age group. The clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges and treatment plan with a thorough review of literature have been addressed in this case report. The purpose of this paper is to present a case of pediatric intraosseous neurofibroma and to  stress the importance of considering such a rare lesion in the differential diagnosis of jaw lesions, especially in children to reduce functional and aesthetic morbidity.

36896068

Soft and Hard Tissue Changes Subsequent to Spontaneous Healing of the Extraction Sockets Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study sought pare the thickness of hard and soft tissues between edentulous and contralateral tooth sites.

36896067

Maxillofacial Injuries in Padel Game.

Maxillofacial injuries are very frequent in the sports environment. Padel is a new sport of Mexican origin, very popular in Mexico, Spain, and Italy, but with a rapid spread in Europe and other continents.

36896069

Access Leads to Success: Management of Gunshot Injury to Maxillofacial Region with Access Osteotomy for Bullet Retrieval.

Head, face and neck are three highly separate frame area that behave in a different way in phrases of gunshot injuries. Interpersonal violence, assaults, accidents and suicide attempts being the mon reason in most developed and developing countries. Morbidity and mortality to this area depends on the type of weapon used,entry and exit path and the distance from where it is fired. plexity of facial skeleton and its close association with important vital structure makes the management of these gunshot wounds challenging in terms of accessibility, visibility and wound management. Here we present a case of access osteotomy in the form of maxillary Lefort I osteotomy for bullet retrieval lodged in nasopharyngeal area following gunshot injury due to interpersonal violence.

36896070

Evaluation of Cephalometric Changes and Its Relation to Changes in Patients' Quality of Life After Mandibular Setback Surgery.

To find out if a relationship exists between the different cephalometric changes and the perception of patients before and after Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO) setback surgery.

36896071

A Comparative Study of Pain and Healing in Post-Dental Extraction Sockets Treated with Ozonated Water/Oil and Normal Saline.

parative study of pain and healing in post-dental extraction sockets treated with ozonated water/oil and normal saline.

36896072

Management of Massive Mandibular Fibrous Dysplasia with Radical Excision and Different Immediate Reconstructive Modalities: Case Series Report.

To review and represent three different mandibular reconstruction modalities following surgical treatment of massive mandibular fibrous Dysplasia (MMFD).

36896073

Atypical Orthognathic Surgical Protocol for Facial Feminisation as an Adjunct to Gender Affirmation Therapy: a Case Report.

Gender Affirmation Surgery/Therapy (GAS/GAT) constitutes an array of surgical and hormonal therapy performed on patients presenting with a diagnosis of 'Gender Dysphoria'. Facial Feminisation Surgery is a part of the overall gender reassignment process. It is a broad term used to describe the surgical alteration, generally performed on a male-to-female transsexual individual, in which, a masculine facial appearance is changed to a more feminine form. An 18-year-old transgender male undergoing GAT reported to our centre in Mumbai, India with plaint of masculine face with forwardly placed teeth in the upper arch and thick-set backwardly placed lower jaw and lip. Patient was taken up for ortho-surgical management to establish a feminine facial form and a stable functional occlusion. Mandibular advancement using the bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, which is an mon protocol in GAT cases was found to be a viable option in the successful management of such a clinical scenario.

36896075

Mandibular Fracture Patterns in a Rural Setup: A 7-Year Retrospective Study.

This study is designed to outline the probable patterns of mandibular fracture based on patient demographics and mechanism of injury in a rural setup.

36896076

Gossypiboma: An Unintentional Iatrogenic Error.

Unintentional retention of a surgical gauze following a surgical intervention is mon but plications can sometimes be life-threatening. Its diagnosis is challenging due to varied clinical presentations and inconclusive radiographic findings. We put forth a case which reported to plaining of pain, swelling, pus discharge and sinus opening prejudicing our clinical and radiographic diagnosis to be a residual cyst but turned out to be unintentionally retained surgical gauze with encapsulation. The use of relatively bigger sized surgical gauze and ensuring a correct surgical gauze count intraoperatively in addition to checking the surgical site thoroughly before initiating surgical site closure is a gold standard to prevent such mishaps.

36896074

Incorporating the epidermal growth factor receptor expression and histopathological parameters in a mathematical model to predict the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective observational cohort study.

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are the mon type of variant causing oral cancers, contributing for around 90%. The overall survival of these patients is below 50%. The postoperative overall survival (OS) has not improved over years much despite of advanced surgical techniques and invention of various anticancer drugs. There was always a requirement for a non-invasive molecular marker to predict the prognosis of these patients. The epidermal growth factor and their receptors are not only thought to play a critical but also an influential role in growth of the cell and differentiation in normal/ healthy tissues. They also play an important role in malignant progression of disease and tumorigenesis. A better and sound understanding of mechanisms at molecular level and identification of potential oncogenes in OSCC may provide innovative therapeutic decisions such as targeted therapy in management of these cancer patients.

36896077

Comparative Evaluation of Success in Cases of Synovial Chondromatosis of Temporomandibular Joint Treated with Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy: A Case Series.

Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is characterized by the formation of multiple nodules of cartilage with varying sizes due to metaplastic development of the synovial membrane. Aetiology revolves with primary lesion, and pathogenesis is still unknown with multiple factors, which includes low-grade trauma or internal derangement. This condition remains undiagnosed and leads to therapeutic challenges from clinical manifestations which are non-specific and needs various tools to diagnose bination of radiologic and histopathological examination.

36896079

Pathologies Associated with Second Mandibular Molar Due to Various Types of Impacted Third Molar: A Comparative Clinical Study.

Impacted third molars are associated with various degrees of damage to the second molars. The plications also include distal cervical caries, root resorption of second molar, periodontal problems, odontogenic cysts, etc. Whether a particular impacted third molar is going to affect second molar depends upon its position and orientation in the bone.

36896078

Validity of IL-6 and Arthrocentesis in the Cause and Management of Internal Derangement of TMJ.

The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the level of Interleukine-6 (IL-6), pre and post arthrocentesis to validate it as a biomarker in the Internal Derangement (ID) of TMJ.

36896080

Does Bruxism Affect Marginal Bone Level around Single Tooth Implants in the Posterior Mandible?

Parafunctional forces are a potential risk factor for plications. This study aimed to evaluate the possible relationship of bruxism with plications and marginal bone loss (MBL).

36896082

Sinus Augmentation Using Mineralized Bone Allografts: A 6-Month Histological and Histomorphometric Analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, after a six-month healing period, the histological and histomorphometric results of mineralized bone allograft used in lateral sinus augmentation procedures.

36896083

Evaluation of Efficacy of Ultrasonography as an Additional Diagnostic Tool for Deciding Management Protocol of Odontogenic Superficial Fascial Space Infections: A Prospective Clinical Study.

To explore the efficacy of ultrasonography as an additional diagnostic tool in superficial odontogenic fascial space infections of maxillofacial region and modifying the treatment plan when needed.

36896084

Effect of Ball and Bar Attachment Type on Patient Satisfaction Using Two-Implant-Retained Mandibular Overdenture: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial.

Considering the two-implant-retained overdenture as a first treatment of choice for edentulous mandible, patients using the overdentures need to be satisfied with the type of attachment used. The purpose of this study was to determine level of patient satisfaction with two-implant-retained mandibular overdentures opposing conventional plete denture using ball-socket and bar-clip attachments.

36896085

Efficiency and Efficacy of Real-Time Fluoroscopic Image-Guided Percutaneous Gasserian Glycerol Rhizotomy (PGGR), for Intractable Cases of Trigeminal Neuralgia.

To evaluate the ease, efficiency, effectiveness, and plications of the technique of percutaneous Gasserian glycerol rhizotomy (PGGR) under real-time fluoroscopic image guidance, for management of severe and refractory cases of primary trigeminal neuralgia, in promised patients. To also assess the long-term efficacy and the necessity, if any, for repeat procedures to salvage recurrences.

36896087

Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid Following Arthrocentesis for Temporomandibular Joint Disc Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Injection of intra-articular medicaments is an accepted therapy for temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). This pares the efficacy of arthrocentesis followed by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) pared to hyaluronic acid (HA) injections for TMDs unresponsive to conservative therapy. PRP injection following arthrocentesis was hypothesized to be pared to arthrocentesis alone or bined with HA injection.

36896088

The Changing Face of Head and Neck Cancer; How the Head and Neck One-Stop Clinic Has Evolved Since Conception.

The purpose of this study was pare the patient journey through the head and neck clinic across 13 years of service improvement. We aimed pare pick-up rates of cancer; number of patients receiving tissue diagnoses at first visit; and number of patients who were discharged on their first visit.

36896089

Correction to: Patient-Specific Mandibular Reconstruction Plates Increase Accuracy and Long-Term Stability in Immediate Alloplastic Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibular Defects.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12663-019-01323-9.].

36896090

A Pitfall of the Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Salivary Duct Carcinoma: Hormonal Therapy-Induced Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare, high-grade salivary gland malignancy. Recently, targeting the androgen receptor (AR) is one of the most promising new therapeutic strategies for AR-positive SDC.

36896091

Postural Disharmony Causing Myofacial Pain: A Case Report and Review of Literature of the Treatment.

Myofacial pain, a chronic painful condition of muscle origin, has numerous precipitating factors, if undiagnosed or left untreated could lead promised function and poor quality of life. In this case report, a female patient giving a history of 10 years of pain in the head and neck region was eventually diagnosed with myofacial pain secondary to bowing posture. The patient was successfully treated bination of treatment modalities (TENS therapy, exercises, occlusal splint, etc.), which resulted in relief from chronic pain and improvement in quality of life.

36896093

Constraining the many-worlds interpretation of computational neuroscience with neurophotonics: a conversation with Gaute Einevoll.

Neurophotonics editor-in-chief Anna Devor discusses neurophotonics putational neuroscience in conversation with Prof. Gaute Einvoll.

36896092

Determination of the Volume and Density of Mandibular Ramus as a Donor Site Using CBCT.

This study aimed to assess the quantity and quality of available bone to provide the autologous bone graft from mandibular ramus.

36896094

Inhalable aerosol microparticles with low carrier dosage and high fine particle fraction prepared by spray-freeze-drying.

Co-suspension drug-loading technology, namely Aerosphere™, can improve fine particle fraction (FPF) and delivered dose content uniformity (DDCU). However, because of its poor drug-loading efficacy, the phospholipid carrier dosage in Aerosphere™ is usually dozens of times greater than that of the drug, resulting in a high material cost and blockage of the actuator. In this study, spray-freeze-drying (SFD) technology was used to prepare inhalable distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC)-based microparticles for pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDI). Water-soluble, low-dose formoterol fumarate was used as an indicator to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of the inhalable microparticles. Water-insoluble, high-dose mometasone furoate was used to investigate the effects of drug morphology and drug-loading mode on the drug delivery efficiency of the microparticles. The results demonstrated that DSPC-based microparticles prepared using the co-SFD technology not only achieved higher FPF and more consistent delivered dose than those of drug crystal-only pMDI, but the amount of DSPC was also reduced to approximately 4% of that prepared using the co-suspension technology. This SFD technology may also be used to improve the drug delivery efficiency of other water-insoluble and high-dose drugs.

36896095

Validity of Video-Based Analysis for Analyzing Shoulder Injuries in the National Basketball Association.

Shoulder injuries are mon in athletes playing in the National Basketball Association (NBA). With increasing injury video uploads available online, we may be able to identify and systematically describe the mechanism of these injuries in these athletes.

36896096

Skill-Specific Differences in Equipment-Related Risk Factors for ACL Injury in Male and Female Recreational Skiers.

In recreational alpine skiing, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is affected in approximately 50% of serious knee injuries. There are established sex-based and skill-based differences in ACL injury risk, but the potential impact of equipment used (eg, skis, bindings, and boots) has not been evaluated.

36896097

Revision Arthroscopic Labral Repair Using All-Suture Anchors in Patients With Subcritical Glenoid Bone Loss After Failed Bankart Repair: Clinical Outcomes at 2-Year Follow-up.

All-suture anchors have been used for primary arthroscopic Bankart repair because of their ability to minimize initial bone loss.

36896098

Return to Play and Pattern of Injury After ACL Rupture in a Consecutive Series of Elite UEFA Soccer Players.

Anterior cruciate ligament rupture represents a career-threatening injury for professional soccer players.

36896099

POCUS Allows for Rapid Elucidation of Acute Kidney Injury in a Patient with Progressive Multiple Myeloma.

A 63-year-old man with past history of multiple myeloma recently started on a regimen of daratumumab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone was referred to our emergency department for a rapidly rising serum creatinine as high as 10 mg/dL. plained of fatigue, nausea, and poor appetite. Exam revealed hypertension, but no edema or rales. Labs were consistent with AKI without hypercalcemia or evidence of hemolysis or tumor lysis. Urinalysis and urine sediment were bland without proteinuria, hematuria, or pyuria. Initial concern was for hypovolemia or myeloma cast nephropathy. POCUS revealed no overt evidence of volume overload or depletion, instead revealing bilateral hydronephrosis. Bilateral percutaneous nephrostomies were placed with resolution of the AKI. Ultimately, referral imaging revealed interval progression of bulky retroperitoneal extramedullary pressing the ureters bilaterally related to the underlying multiple myeloma.

36896101

Recovery of Severe Acute Kidney Injury in a Patient with COVID-19: Role of Lung Ultrasonography.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is recognized as plication of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) can be a useful tool in the management of COVID-19 pneumonia when interpreted correctly. However, the role of LUS in management of severe AKI in the setting of COVID-19 remains to be defined. We report a 61-year-old male who was hospitalized with acute respiratory failure from COVID-19 pneumonia. In addition to requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, our patient developed AKI and severe hyperkalemia requiring urgent dialytic therapy during his hospital stay. Our patient remained dialysis dependent despite subsequent recovery of lung function. Three days following discontinuation of mechanical ventilation, our patient developed a hypotensive episode during his maintenance hemodialysis treatment. A point of care LUS performed soon after the intradialytic hypotensive episode found no extravascular lung water. Hemodialysis was discontinued and the patient was initiated on intravenous fluids for one week. AKI subsequently resolved. We consider LUS an important tool in identifying COVID-19 patients that would benefit from intravenous fluids following recovery of lung function.

36896103

Utility of Nephrologist-Performed Point of Care Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Hyponatremia.

Point of care ultrasonography can be a valuable adjunct to conventional physical examination in patients with hyponatremia that aids in clinical decision making. It can address the ings of traditional volume status assessment such as the inherent low sensitivity of 'classic' signs such as lower extremity edema. Herein, we present a case of a 35-year-old woman where discrepant clinical findings led to confusion in the accurate assessment of volume status but addition of point of care ultrasonography helped to guide the therapy.

36896104

Role of Point of Care Ultrasonography in Patients with COVID-19 Associated Acute Kidney Injury.

The severe acute respiratory virus covariate-2 (SARS CoV-2) that causes Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 194 million people worldwide and has attributed to or caused more than 4 million deaths. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is plication of COVID-19. Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) can be a useful tool for the nephrologist. POCUS can be used to elucidate the cause of kidney disease and then also help to manage volume status. Here, we review pearls and pitfalls of using POCUS to manage COVID-19 associated AKI with special attention to kidney, lung, and cardiac ultrasound.

36896108

Massive Lymphocele Associated with Allograft Hydronephrosis: An Ultrasound Case Study.

Lymphocele is a lymphocyte-rich fluid collection that results from disruption of lymphatics in the recipient during renal transplantation. While small collections resolve spontaneously, larger, symptomatic ones may cause obstructive nephropathy requiring percutaneous or laparoscopic drainage. Prompt diagnosis using bedside sonography may obviate the need for renal replacement therapy. Herein, we present a case of a 72-year-old kidney transplant recipient who developed allograft hydronephrosis secondary pression by a lymphocele.

36896109

Evaluation of Venous Congestion Using Beside Ultrasonography by the Nephrology Consultant: The VExUS Nexus.

In patients with heart failure and cardiorenal syndrome, lingering congestion is associated with worse es. As such, titrating diuretic or ultrafiltration therapy based on objective assessment of volume status plays a crucial role in the management of these patients. Conventional physical examination findings and parameters such as daily weight measurement are not always reliable in this setting. Recently, point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) has emerged as an attractive enhancement to bedside clinical examination in assessing fluid volume status. Specifically, Doppler ultrasound of the major abdominal veins gives additional information about end-organ congestion when used in conjunction with inferior vena cava ultrasound. Moreover, these Doppler waveforms can be monitored in real time to gauge the efficacy of decongestive therapy. Herein, we present a case that illustrates the utility of POCUS in the management of a patient with heart failure exacerbation.

36896112

Integrative Volume Status Assessment.

Volume status assessment is a critical but challenging clinical skill and is especially important for the management of patients in the emergency department, intensive care unit, and dialysis unit where accurate intravascular assessment is necessary to guide appropriate fluid management. Assessment of volume status is subjective and can vary from provider to provider, posing clinical dilemmas. Traditional non-invasive methods of volume assessment include assessment of skin turgor, axillary sweat, peripheral edema, pulmonary crackles, orthostatic vital signs, and jugular venous distension. Invasive assessments of volume status include direct measurement of central venous pressure and pulmonary artery pressures. Each of these has their own limitations, challenges, and pitfalls and were often validated based on small cohorts with parators. In the past 30 years, the increased availability, progressive miniaturization, and falling price of ultrasound devices has made point of care ultrasound (POCUS) widely available. Emerging evidence base and increased uptake across multiple subspecialities has facilitated the adoption of this technology. POCUS is now widely available, relatively inexpensive, free of ionizing radiation, and can help providers make medical decisions with more precision. POCUS is not intended to replace the physical exam, but rather plement clinical assessment, guiding providers to give thorough and accurate clinical care to their patients. We should be mindful of the nascent literature supporting the use of POCUS and other limitations as uptake increases among providers and be wary not to use POCUS to substitute clinical judgement, but integrate ultrasonographic findings carefully with history and clinical examination.

36896114

Point of Care Ultrasound in Monitoring of Post-Renal Biopsy Bleeding.

A 32-year-old male presented with hypertensive emergency and features of thrombotic microangiopathy. He underwent a kidney biopsy after renal dysfunction persisted despite clinical improvement otherwise. The kidney biopsy was performed with direct ultrasound guidance. The procedure plicated by hematoma formation and persistent turbulent flow on color Doppler concerning for ongoing bleeding. Serial point of care ultrasounds of the kidney with color flow Doppler were used to monitor the size of the hematoma and determine if there was evidence of ongoing bleeding. These serial ultrasounds showed stable hematoma size, resolution of biopsy-associated Doppler signal and prevented further invasive interventions.

36896115

Point of Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Pseudoaneurysm of an Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Dialysis Graft.

We describe the rapid diagnosis with point of care ultrasound (POCUS) of two acute pseudoaneurysms of a bovine arteriovenous dialysis graft with superimposed cellulitis in a 44-year old male patient who presented with pain over his upper arm graft site. POCUS evaluation decreased the time to diagnosis and vascular surgery consultation.

36896116

POCUS in Intensive Care Nephrology.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant problem for patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), both due to the high incidence and associated mortality with rates of AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) of over 5%, and mortality rates with AKI of over 60% 1, 2.Ultrasound can be used to identify those at risk for AKI and assist with AKI management. Risk factors for AKI in the ICU not only include hypoperfusion but also venous congestion and volume overload. Volume overload and vascular congestion are associated with multi-organ dysfunction and worse renal es. Daily and overall fluid balance, daily weights, and physical examination for edema can be inaccurate and belie true systemic venous pressure 3, 4, 5. Bedside ultrasound allows providers to evaluate vascular flow patterns and obtain a more reliable evaluation of volume status to guide and individualize therapies. Cardiac, lung, and vascular patterns on ultrasound can identify preload responsiveness, which should be assessed to safely manage ongoing fluid resuscitation and assess for signs of fluid intolerance. Here we present an overview in the use of point of care ultrasound with particular emphasis on nephro-centric strategies, namely in the identification of the type of renal injury, renal vascular flow assessment, the static measure of volume status, as well as dynamic evaluation for volume optimization in critically ill patients.

36896118

Incidentalomas Among Healthy Nephrology Fellow Volunteers at POCUS Workshops: A Case Series.

A radiographic incidental finding (sometimes called an incidentaloma) is defined as a structure that is unintentionally found during an exam for an unrelated indication. The increased use of routine abdominal imaging is associated with a rising incidence in incidentalomas of the kidney 1. In one meta-analysis, 75% of renal incidentalomas were benign 2. However, the overall prevalence of incidental carcinomas is low at 0.2% 3. With the growing uptake of POCUS, healthy volunteers for clinical demonstrations may find themselves with new findings despite a lack of symptoms 4. Having an incidentaloma discovered during the course of a nephrology POCUS workshop is a unique experience. Herein we report our experiences of having incidentalomas discovered during the course of POCUS demonstrations.

36896120

Evaluating the Effect of Shoes with Varying Mass on Vertical Ground Reaction Force Parameters in Short-Term Running.

Past investigations have revealed that running shoes affect ground reaction force parameters. However, these studies are unclear as to whether these changes, which occur while running in different shoe types of differing masses, are the result of the structural design or the mass of the shoe. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of shoe mass on vertical ground reaction force parameters: active peak and impulse.

36896121

Forces at the Feet, Gait Timing, and Trunk Flexion/Extension Excursion While Walking with a Gear Belt or Gear Vest Load.

Law enforcement personnel often carry gear loads, which have a history of causing low back pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in gait and trunk posture for gear load carried on a gear belt and a gear vest. Twenty-nine participants performed load carriage in three conditions: a no load control trial (C), a symmetrically loaded gear belt (GB), and an anterior-loaded gear vest (ALV). Gear conditions had 9.07 kg of additional mass. Motion capture and insole force sensors were used to collect data while participants walked on a treadmill for three minutes per condition. Mean insole reaction force was significantly greater in both GB and ALV conditions pared to C (

36896122

Critically Ill Patients with Renal Hyperfiltration: Optimizing Antibiotic Dose.

Renal hyperfiltration (RHF) is a prevalent phenomenon in critically ill patients characterized by augmented renal clearance (ARC) and increased of elimination of renally eliminated medications. Multiple risk factors had been described and potential mechanisms may contribute to the occurrence of this condition. RHF and ARC are associated with the risk of suboptimal exposure to antibiotics increasing the risk of treatment failure and unfavorable patient es. The current review discusses the available evidence related to the RHF phenomenon, including definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, pharmacokinetic variability, and considerations for optimizing the dosage of antibiotics in critically ill patients.

36896124

Local calcium signal transmission in mycelial network exhibits decentralized stress responses.

Many fungi live as mycelia, which are networks of hyphae. Mycelial networks are suited for the widespread distribution of nutrients and water. The logistical capabilities are critical for the extension of fungal survival areas, nutrient cycling in ecosystems, mycorrhizal symbioses, and virulence. In addition, signal transduction in mycelial networks is predicted to be vital for mycelial function and robustness. A lot of cell biological studies have elucidated protein and membrane trafficking and signal transduction in fungal hyphae; however, there are no reports visualizing signal transduction in mycelia. This paper, by using the fluorescent Ca

36896125

Lifespan developmental invariance in memory consolidation: evidence from procedural memory.

Characterizing ontogenetic changes across the lifespan is a crucial tool in understanding neurocognitive functions. While age-related changes in learning and memory functions have been extensively characterized in the past decades, the lifespan trajectory of memory consolidation, a critical function that supports the stabilization and long-term retention of memories, is still poorly understood. Here we focus on this fundamental cognitive function and probe the consolidation of procedural memories that underlie cognitive, motor, and social skills and automatic behaviors. We used a lifespan approach: 255 participants aged between 7 and 76 years performed a well-established procedural memory task in the same experimental design across the whole sample. This task enabled us to disentangle two critical processes in the procedural domain: statistical learning and general skill learning. The former is the ability to extract and learn predictable patterns of the environment, while the latter captures a general speed-up as learning progresses due to improved visuomotor coordination and other cognitive processes, independent of acquisition of the predictable patterns. To measure the consolidation of statistical and general skill knowledge, the task was administered in two sessions with a 24-h delay between them. Here, we report successful retention of statistical knowledge with no differences across age groups. For general skill knowledge, offline improvement was observed over the delay period, and the degree of this improvement was parable across the age groups. Overall, our findings reveal age invariance in these two key aspects of procedural memory consolidation across the human lifespan.

36896126

Nonequilibrium noise as a probe of pair-tunneling transport in the BCS-BEC crossover.

The detection of elementary carriers in transport phenomena is one of the most important keys to understand nontrivial properties of strongly correlated quantum matter. Here, we propose a method to identify the tunneling current carrier in strongly interacting fermions from nonequilibrium noise in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer to Bose-Einstein condensate crossover. The noise-to-current ratio, the Fano factor, can be a crucial probe for the current carrier. Bringing strongly correlated fermions into contact with a dilute reservoir produces a tunneling current in between. The associated Fano factor increases from one to two as the interaction es stronger, reflecting the fact that the dominant conduction channel changes from the quasiparticle tunneling to the pair tunneling.

36896127

Explaining the physics of transfer learning in data-driven turbulence modeling.

Transfer learning (TL), which enables neural networks (NNs) to generalize out-of-distribution via targeted re-training, is ing a powerful tool in scientific machine learning (ML) applications such as weather/climate prediction and turbulence modeling. Effective TL requires knowing (1) how to re-train NNs? and (2) what physics are learned during TL? Here, we present novel analyses and a framework addressing (1)-(2) for a broad range of multi-scale, nonlinear, dynamical systems. Our bines spectral (e.g. Fourier) analyses of such systems with spectral analyses of convolutional NNs, revealing physical connections between the systems and what the NN learns bination of low-, high-, band-pass filters and Gabor filters). Integrating these analyses, we introduce a general framework that identifies the best re-training procedure for a given problem based on physics and NN theory. As test case, we explain the physics of TL in subgrid-scale modeling of several setups of 2D turbulence. Furthermore, these analyses show that in these cases, the shallowest convolution layers are the best to re-train, which is consistent with our physics-guided framework but is against mon wisdom guiding TL in the ML literature. Our work provides a new avenue for optimal and explainable TL, and a step toward fully explainable NNs, for wide-ranging applications in science and engineering, such as climate change modeling.

36896128

The circadian control of tryptophan metabolism regulates the host response to pulmonary fungal infections.

The environmental light/dark cycle has left its mark on the body's physiological functions to condition not only our inner biology, but also the interaction with external cues. In this scenario, the circadian regulation of the immune response has emerged as a critical factor in defining the host-pathogen interaction and the identification of the underlying circuitry represents a prerequisite for the development of circadian-based therapeutic strategies. The possibility to track down the circadian regulation of the immune response to a metabolic pathway would represent a unique opportunity in this direction. Herein, we show that the metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan, involved in the regulation of fundamental processes in mammals, is regulated in a circadian manner in both murine and human cells and in mouse tissues. By resorting to a murine model of pulmonary infection with the opportunistic fungus

36896130

Understanding underlying moral values and language use of COVID-19 vaccine attitudes on twitter.

Public sentiment toward the COVID-19 vaccine as expressed on social media can interfere munication by public health agencies on the importance of getting vaccinated. We investigated Twitter data to understand differences in sentiment, moral values, and language use between political ideologies on the COVID-19 vaccine. We estimated political ideology, conducted a sentiment analysis, and guided by the tenets of moral foundations theory (MFT), we analyzed 262,267 English language tweets from the United States containing COVID-19 vaccine-related keywords between May 2020 and October 2021. We applied the Moral Foundations Dictionary and used topic modeling and Word2Vec to understand moral values and the context of words central to the discussion of the vaccine debate. A quadratic trend showed that extreme ideologies of both Liberals and Conservatives expressed a higher negative sentiment than Moderates, with Conservatives expressing more negative sentiment than Liberals. Compared to Conservative tweets, we found the expression of Liberal tweets to be rooted in a wider set of moral values, associated with moral foundations of care (getting the vaccine for protection), fairness (having access to the vaccine), liberty (related to the vaccine mandate), and authority (trusting the vaccine mandate imposed by the government). Conservative tweets were found to be associated with harm (around safety of the vaccine) and oppression (around the government mandate). Furthermore, political ideology was associated with the expression of different meanings for the same words, e.g. "science" and "death." Our results inform public health munication strategies to best tailor vaccine information to different groups.

36896129

Building a resilient coexistence with wildlife in a more crowded world.

There is an urgent need to sustainably coexist with wildlife. However, realizing this goal is hampered by scant understanding of the processes that facilitate and maintain coexistence. Here, we synthesize human-wildlife interactions into eight archetypal es, from

36896131

Live tracking metabolic networks and physiological responses within microbial assemblages at single-cell level.

Microbial interactions impact the functioning of both natural and engineered systems, yet our ability to directly monitor these highly dynamic and spatially resolved interactions in living cells is very limited. Here, we developed a synergistic approach coupling single-cell Raman microspectroscopy with

36896132

Elucidation of the liver pathophysiology of COVID-19 patients using liver-on-a-chips.

SARS-CoV-2 induces severe organ damage not only in the lung but also in the liver, heart, kidney, and intestine. It is known that COVID-19 severity correlates with liver dysfunction, but few studies have investigated the liver pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients. Here, we elucidated liver pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients using organs-on-a-chip technology and clinical analyses. First, we developed liver-on-a-chip (LoC) which recapitulating hepatic functions around the intrahepatic bile duct and blood vessel. We found that hepatic dysfunctions, but not hepatobiliary diseases, were strongly induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Next, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of COVID-19 drugs to inhibit viral replication and recover hepatic dysfunctions, and found that bination of anti-viral and immunosuppressive drugs (Remdesivir and Baricitinib) is effective to treat hepatic dysfunctions caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we analyzed the sera obtained from COVID-19 patients, and revealed that COVID-19 patients, who were positive for serum viral RNA, are likely to e severe and develop hepatic dysfunctions, pared with COVID-19 patients who were negative for serum viral RNA. We succeeded in modeling the liver pathophysiology of COVID-19 patients using LoC technology and clinical samples.

36896134

Phylodynamics and migration data help describe HIV transmission dynamics in internally displaced people who inject drugs in Ukraine.

Internally displaced persons are often excluded from HIV molecular epidemiology surveillance due to structural, behavioral, and social barriers in access to treatment. We test a field-based molecular epidemiology framework to study HIV transmission dynamics in a hard-to-reach and highly stigmatized group, internally displaced people who inject drugs (IDPWIDs). We inform the framework by Nanopore generated HIV

36896133

Mechanisms of pathogenicity in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated TPM1 variant S215L.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disorder often caused by mutations to eric genes. Many different HCM-associated TPM1 mutations have been identified but they vary in their degrees of severity, prevalence, and rate of disease progression. The pathogenicity of many TPM1 variants detected in the clinical population remains unknown. Our objective was to employ putational modeling pipeline to assess pathogenicity of one such variant of unknown significance, TPM1 S215L, and validate predictions using experimental methods. Molecular dynamic simulations of tropomyosin on actin suggest that the S215L significantly destabilizes the blocked regulatory state while increasing flexibility of the tropomyosin chain. These changes were quantitatively represented in a Markov model of thin-filament activation to infer the impacts of S215L on myofilament function. Simulations of in vitro motility and isometric twitch force predicted that the mutation would increase Ca

36896135

The function of lactate dehydrogenase A in retinal neurons: implications to retinal degenerative diseases.

The postmitotic retina is highly metabolic and the photoreceptors depend on aerobic glycolysis for an energy source and cellular anabolic activities. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is a key enzyme in aerobic glycolysis, which converts pyruvate to lactate. Here we show that cell-type-specific actively translating mRNA purification by translating ribosome affinity purification shows a predominant expression of LDHA in rods and cones and LDHB in the retinal pigment epithelium and Müller cells. We show that genetic ablation of LDHA in the retina resulted in diminished visual function, loss of structure, and a loss of dorsal-ventral patterning of the cone-opsin gradient. Loss of LDHA in the retina resulted in increased glucose availability, promoted oxidative phosphorylation, and upregulated the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS), a neuron survival factor. However, lacking LDHA in Müller cells does not affect visual function in mice. Glucose shortage is associated with retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and regulating the levels of LDHA may have therapeutic relevance. These data demonstrate the unique and unexplored roles of LDHA in the maintenance of a healthy retina.

36896136

Shear hardening in frictionless amorphous solids near the jamming transition.

The jamming transition, generally manifested by a rapid increase of rigidity pression pression hardening), is ubiquitous in amorphous materials. Here we study shear hardening in deeply annealed frictionless packings generated by numerical simulations, reporting critical scalings absent pression hardening. We demonstrate that hardening is a natural consequence of shear-induced memory destruction. Based on an elasticity theory, we reveal two independent microscopic origins of shear hardening: (i) the increase of the interaction bond number and (ii) the emergence of anisotropy and long-range correlations in the orientations of bonds-the latter highlights the essential difference pression and shear hardening. Through the establishment of physical laws specific to anisotropy, our pletes the criticality and universality of jamming transition, and the elasticity theory of amorphous solids.